HERBAL MEDICINE

Item

Title: HERBAL MEDICINE
extracted text: RF_DR.A_10_SUDHA

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Simple treatment with local herbs

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Cold, cough, mind fever, heavy head
Eucalyptus leaves - boil, drink decoction t.i.d.
Tulasi - specially for young children - crush, squeeze juice,
give one drop in the morning to the baby.
Karpuravalli, kaparel-juice for adult - for baby squeeze, heat
on fire, and place on head with castor oil.
Camphor-burn oil and add camphor, rub on the chest.
Lime leaves — decoction t.i.d.
Thumbayella - boil the whole plant - turmeric powder antiseptic
antibiotic inhalation.
Sambrani - incense burnt around the baby this is benzoin fumigate
the room.
Crabs - wash them, crush them, squeeze the juice, and coriander,
pepper, chilly, cummin, garlic - make a soup, drink hot.
Gooseberries - Vit.C-pickles still contain 1/4 tne amount garlic
ginger - crush, squeeze, with brandy.

Congestion

Pepper - stick a pin through, put on flame, inhale the smoke.
Garlic - same.
Onions - hanging cut onions in a room prevents virus to spread
- it absorbs the infection.
Bitter gourds - crush, half a cup - half a lime - honey drink
t.i.d. on empty stomach.

Sore throat
Salt water gargles.
Lime Juice - honey, drink.
Turmeric in milk - drink hot + pepper powder.
Seven grains of rice - 3 peppers - suck.
Betel nut - chew (contains atropine).
Kacakkai - chew.
Vomiting in children
Betel leaves s heated and pasted on abdomen with castor oil,
assambu s heated, applied around umbilicus.
j.ne teaspoon full of rehydrated water (water+salt+suger or jaggery)
"incture iodine s one drop behind the tongue (it stops it).
Seacock feather ; burn it, give ashes to the body.
Crushed onions in water and lime s let it settle and drink.

Constipation
allow bananas
<gathi
"OU its
lugatagareyella s dried. Take small amount in the morning.
-at water 2 glasses early morning.
terminated seeds - pulses.

,n childrens No castor oil.
^jrangakeera coffee = drumstick leaves, make decoction,
ci'ess cut small, boil with little water (remove skin) give
. teaspoon full of what has settled.
Pysins : pour boiled water on it and gave that to drink.
FLre bananas, smashed ? 1/2 or teaspoon.
A mall piece of snap pressed in the rectum.
oj, worms
‘^ee- leaves, tender = grind, give a lump early morning on
etriy stomach.
COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
47/1,(First FloorjSt. Marks Road
BANGALORE - 560 001

APPENDIX; Compost

page

5

(picture)

(text)

26. Grandfather waving good
night to Madurai and his
family - you see the buffaloe
outside the hut, wet soil and
dung

26?) Says. Mohan; "I know. The trees that
grew as a jungle when I was young have been
cut down. But why don't you plant new. ones?
If you want me to, I'll come, back tomorrow
and tell £ou another atory about trees to
morrow, a story about trees and soil."
"Yes, please do", says Madurai, smiling.
"And tomorrow already Chokkamal and my
self will start collecting materials to
make our own compost-heaps."

THE

END

Note;

It is important that the story follows local words and expressions.
In EEV area we have collected more than 250 local sayings (proverbs)
that are connected with agriculture, health, family life, cultural
habits etc. In your own area you may substitute in the proposed
text where we've marked

The three tamil proverbs from our area that we have used refer to;

1. (picture no 8) If you are convinced on beforehand that something
will not be a success, then you have already failed.
2. (picture 8) You have better listen to the knowledge of the elders,
they know the world.
3, (picture 24) If you take care of your soil, the soil will reward
you with a good yield.

For further information,
please contact;
Swallows EEV Project
Eri Ethir Vayil, Thaiyur P.O.
(via) Kelambakkam 603 103
Chingleput Dt, Tamilnadu
INDIA

To increase milk
Plenty of fluid.
Fresh peanuts.
Ripe papaya curry, dry fish.
Drumstick leaves curry.
Fenugreek curry, soak it thin, add jaggery, eat before breast
feeding.

Diahetis

Bittergourc.
Neem leaves : grind, take in the morning.
Flowers (neem) ; dry, make tea early morning, or add to rasam.
Peribinco (Winca rosea) ; boil the whole plant and root, take
every day as tea.
Dambalam - nenedepandu.
Hypertension

Ginger juice 1 teaspoon
Q
Cummin 1 tablospoon
Q
Drink.
Honey 1 tablespoon
0
Cummin ; chew early in the morning.
Yellow drumstick leaves ; squeeze and give to patient on
empty stomach (under doctor supervision, check B.P.

arteriosclerosis
Onions, garlic.
Turmeric powder s It "breaks all fat" and prevents formation of
arteriosclerosis.
Curds.

Kidney stones
The inner part of banana tree : cook it as vegetable after
removing the floras (treatment best).

Pimples
Cows urine (specially pregnant cow) contains lot of hormones.
Apply on face.
It will cure.
Measles

Give tender coconut fluid to drink, for 3 days.
Lice
- part of kerosene + 2 parts of hair oil ; leave it all night
neem oil pure.
Tn keep mosquitoes from room i boil eucalyptus leaves + skin
of oranges or lime.

Snake bite
To diagnose if snake was poisonous ; give little chilli powder.
If the person can taste the chilli, it is not poisonous.
Otherwise poisonous.
§

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Poiaoninq

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Watsrchella (is a poison people take) s give plenty of salt
waser then white of eggs.
Insecticide : white of eggs,

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Infertility
Swallows dry umbelical cord (used also for abortion).
To conceive a male child

Soda nicard. douche before intercourse. All the alkaline
virrina will keep the male sperm alive.

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2*

Scabies
Neem leaves + turmeric, boil - take bath apply and stand
in the sun (for three days)
Thumbayella + turmeric + salt (as above),
Kicheli leaves (like orange); remove juice, mix it with hot
oil apply.
Taniat (skin)
Sensbenia speciosa (used as green manure); take leaves, rub on
ring worm until it burns. Also prevents all sort of pruritus.
Dandruff
Neem leaves; grind them and apply to scalp, for 7 days.
Wash after 3 hours.
Ulcers

with pus and slough (including chronic leprosy ulcers).

Naphthalin balls ; crush and place on ulcer.
Then use kadakai ; rub on stone and apply.
oe 'apply green papayas.

Abe ess
Papaya ; scoop out and apply (bandage).
It will ripe in 24
hours. Soap and turmeric ; apply (e.g. on paneritium).

-

Fresh cuts
frosh ginger
sugar ; grind together, apply, bandage.
To prevent tetanus, remove the head of a match, push it in the
wound and light it.
Burns

_ea ; Strong decoction, boiled and cooled, apply tannic acid +
mercurochrome ; apply t.'i.d.
Bark of banana tree ; squeeze and apply.

Sore eyes
1 glass of water + salt (take amount of salt on a 10 paise)
wash the eye, keep cleaning, very effective. Wipe with
saffran cloth if available.

Cnicken pox

Bath every day.

Put neem leaves on the bed.

jfr

pvsmenorrhoea

Bitter gourd root or leaves, with pepper and garlic.
One table spoon full, daily for 3 days.

To diagnose labour pains
Drumstick leaves
coriander ; boil, give 1/2 to 1 glass
to drink.
If it stops, not labour pains.
To get labour pains
Palm jaggery.
Palm shoots ; boil with 4 glasses of water till it is reduced
to one glass.
Drink.
Sombu seeds (offered after food in hotels) ; boil, prepare a tea.

Breast engorgement
Jasmin -'lowers ; or leaves - apply on breast and tigh very
tight.
Cotton leaves - same.
Tender paddy (in milk stage) ; grind and apply.
Parsley leaves ; make tea and drink. Better than stilboestrol.

Round worms
2-3 ripe, black, papaya seeds : grind, mix in a glass of milk
early morning.
Asafoetida.

Dehydration
Tender coconut water, give I.V.
Infectious hepatitis
Abdominal pain

Plain salt water.
Dry ginger decoction.
Fenugreek (2 teaspoons) - siragamood fermented rice water kept
overnight (do not boil fenugreek).
Diarrhoea

(small motions and mucus)

Rice - fry till black, grind it, give 1 teaspoon full t.i.d,
in water, add jaggery.
1 tumbler of water - 1 spoon jaggery, 1 pinch of salt,
1 pinch of drinking soda.
Guava leaves - make decoction, 1 2 glass t.i.d. (contain peptin).
Banana not full ripe - contain peptin. sirumalapura quality
of banana is very good.
Tea decoction - black, strong, boil and add sugar.
Ordinary honey - teaspoon full t.i.d., alone.
Unripe sapotas - contain peptin.
Green pomegranate - contain peptin.
Small coconuts that fall down - contain peptin.
Pomegranate - keep and dry the skin and the white layer between
the seeds.
Prepare tea with it.
Asafoetide - chew it.
Burning stomach
Fermented rice water.
Rice brand - give t.i.d. mixed with ragi.
ulcer in stomach.
Neem leaves in the morning.
Soda bicard., a pinch with water.

It helps healing

Ulcer in the mouth
Plenty of green leafy vegetables.
Kadukilu s rub it on stone, apply.

Smelly mouth

Ripe mango leaves (yellow)s burn them, add salt, use as
toothpaste or roll the leaves, chew and go on polishing the
teeth.
Bleeding gums

Gooseberries.
Fresh green leaves.
Lima juice.
Velam baka (skin) 2 portions + banian tree (bark) 1 portion
dry both, grind, make paste and apply.
Anaemia

Passala keera ; maximum iron content.
Jaggery.
papaya ; increases the absorption of iron.
Night blindness

Green vegetables

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

a

9

10

Latin Name

Sanskrit

Hindi

Bengali

Marathi

Tamil

Telugu

Kannada

Malayalam

Parts Used

1

Terminalia
chebula

Haritaki

Ha rd a

Haritaki

Mirada

Kadukkai

Karakkaya

Alilekaye

Kadukkai

Rioe fruit

2

piper
n igrum

Maricha

Kali Kirch Gol Morich

Kaiamiri

Mi 1agu

Miriyalu

Menasu

Kuru-Nilagij

Dried
unripe
fruit

3.

Cassia
lanceolata

Swarnapatri

Nilavaka

Pod &•
Dried
leaves

Puroative

4

Solanum
xanthocarpum

KantakSri

V.hol e
plant

Used in
Dashamool
Fever
Cough
Asthma

5

FoeniCulum Madhurika
Vulgare

Conamukhi

Sonamukki Nilavakkai Neelanonna I Jilavarai

Bhui rin.j-mj Kantakari

Kanterin- Kane: an
girni
kattari

Vanokude

Nelagulla

Saun f

Bari sopha Shombhu

Pedda
Jilakarra

Sabbasige

Panmouri
Mauri

6

Withania
sonini f era

Ashwagandha Asgandh

Ashwagandha Asagandha Amukarankalangu

Peneroo
gedda

liiremaddinagida

7

Quercus

Majuphal

Majuphaia

Machikai

Manja-kani

Majuphai

Masikai

Machikaya

11

Uses

Purgative
Cough
Dye disea
ses a s
tri ph al a
Tridosha
bar a
Loss of
appet i te
Cough
Fevers

Perunj eerakam

Dried
ripe
fruit

Pavette

Root

Tonic *
aphrodi
siac

Galls

In f1ation of
tongue

Burning
urination
Increases
lactation

tion
Sma 11

8.

Curcuma
Zedoaria

Kachura

Gandha
masthj

Sutha

Kachura

Kastoori
Manjal

Kichilli
gaddalu

Kachora

Pulan
Ki zhanna

Tubers &
Leaves

Sore throat
Paste of dried
powder used
as soap

9.

Hemidesmus
Indicus

Anantmul

Galsa

Anantmul

Anantmul

Nannari

Sugandhipa la

Sogadeberu

Nannari

Root,
Rootbark

Skin diseases
Good drink
during summ’^F
(cooling)

10.

Glycyrrhiza
glabra

Yasti
Madhu

Mulethi

Yashtomadhu

Jasthimadhu

Atimadhuram

Yashtijnadhukam

J estharnadhu

Erattimadhuram

Peeled
root

Cough•
Bronchi ti s■
Sore throat.
Expectorant.

11.

Costus
Speciosus

Kashmeera

Kust

Kur a

Penva

Kostham

Kashmeeramu

Pushkara- Channakkoova
moola

Root &
tuber

Fever.
Cough.
Skin diseases

12 .

Caesalpin a
bonducella

Kuberakshi

Kat-karan j Natakaranja

Sagargota

Gajega

Gachakaya

Gajjuga

Kalanchikuru

Seeds &
nuts

Abdomen pain

13.

Nardostachy;s Jatamansi
jatamamsi

Jatandashi

Jatamansi

Jatamarshi

Jatarnashi

Jatamamshi

-do-

Jetamanchi

Rhizome

Mental diso rders.
Nervous
disorders

14 .

Piper
longum

Pippali

Prmpli

Pipl i

Pimpli

Tippali

Pippallu

Hippali

Tippli

Berries

Cough
Cold,
Sore throat
Gastritis
Digestive

15.

Cyperus
lotundus

Musta

Korchijlar

?. cl CJ 3 J? ci —

Barikmotha

K o ra i kizhanga

Tungamasthrlu

Konnarigadde

Karimuttam

Tuber
Balbous
root

Sim: le fever
L'ysentry.
Vorni tting•

16.

Santalum
al bum

Swetchandan

Sa fed
chancan

Chandan

-do-

Sandana
k a 11 a i

Jandnapa
chekka

Shriaandha

Chandenamaram

Wood

Cooling.
Skin infections

17.

Polyaonum
glabrum

Raktaroda

R ak ta—
rohida

Eihagni

Raktarohida

Atalaria

Eark

Abdomen pain

motha

-

Raktavala

18. Saussurea
Lappa

Kushta

Gokshura
19. Tribulus
Terristris

Pokharmul

Kur

Upalate

Goshtam

Kustam

Koshta

Seppuday

Root

Bronchial Asthma•
Pain reliever-

Chotagokhuru

Gokhuri

Gokhru

Neri nj i 1

Kirunji

Megilmul lu

Nerungil

Fruit
Root
Entire
plant

Increases urina
tion, Urinary
Colic, Urinary
calculi,

Karkataka
shringi

-

Gal Is

Cough
Irritable bowel
External appli
cation for
skin diseases,

Chekkikotuveri

Root

External appli
cation with.oil
in rheumatism,
Interna] use to
be used cautiously,
Increases uri
nation, Increases
breast milk.
Used in Jaundice,

Rhus
s uccedanea

KarkataShringi

KakraSingi

KciR I?a —
sringi

Kakads i ngi

Kakatashingi

Kakarashinghi

21. Flumbago
r osea

Rak t aChitraka

LalChitrak

LalChita

LalChitrak

Chi ttaramulam

YerraKempuChitramu- Chitramool a
1 am

Ipomoea
a igitata

Vidari

Eilaikhand

Bherikumra

Eh' rikohla

Phalmodika

Nelagurnmudu

IJclakumbala

Palamodika

Tuber
ous root

23 . Swertia
Chiraita

EheriLimba

Kirayat

I-'.ahatiktha

Chirai ta

L' i la-vembu

IJila-vemu Kiratatikhta

Kiriyatta

Whole plant Used in fevers

24 . Curcuma
a .maca

Karpuraharidra

Amahaldi

Amada

Ambahalad

Arukamlakam

Shadgrandika

Ambahalad

Khas

Khaskhas

Vala

Vettiver

Karveru

Lavancha

20.

22 .

25 .. Andropogan Usheera

—

Ramacham

Rhizome

Used
Usee
as a
skin

Roo t

Cooling agent
Paste for headache.
Fevers,
Burning urination,

Root L
Sterns

Cooling,
Used as tonic,
Purgative,

muricatus

26.

Dendrobium
macrael

Jivanti

Jivanti

Jivanti

Jivanti

-

-

Sihinale

27.

Ricinus
Communi s

Eranda

Erandi

vranda

Erandi

Amanakku

Amudamu

Haralu

-

Cittamanakku

as a p-rfume
externally
paste for
diseases,

Oil,root s. Increases
leaves,
Puragation
Reduces oedema.
Used externally
for skin diseases
and bodyaches

Boerhhavia,
di f lusa

Punarnava

Beshakapori

GdDGilc-

Sated imool

Mukkaratai

porna

Attatamamidi

Sanadika

29. Clitoriaternata

Aparajita

Nillkoya la

Nilapara—
jita

Gokurnamoola

30. Psoralaea
carlyfolia

Bacuchi

Babchi

Bawanchi

Bawanchi

Karpokarishi

Bavanchivittulu

31. Semicarpus
anacardium

Bhallataka Bhilawa

Chela

Bibba

Shenkottai

Jeedichettu

Kuruvilai Jilarnika

Tami1ama

Herb, Root

Increases
urination,
Reduces Oedema,
Used in Anaemia,

Used as a sedative
Used in mental
disorders,

Sankapushpa

Sankapushpam

Root,Bark
& seeds

Bawanchi

Bawanchi

Seeds

Cherumara

Fruit,oil, Used as tonic
gum
Used in interstW
nal worms,

Gerukai

Used leucoderma
Used in worms

reaction
32

Futranjiva Chcrumara

-do-

uta jan

Ghoranim

/ilayatinim

Malaivemb

Sugandha
vacha

Koshtkolunj in

L-era-ra t tai

Ba rum

Vayavrana

Maralingam

Nuts

Used in purifying

r oxrurghii
prevents abortion

33

Me lia
azedarach

34

Alpinia
galanga

Mahan.imba

lahanimb

Sugandhavacha Kulanj an

35. Cratacva
religiosa

Varuna

36. Terminalia
arjuna

Arjuna

37. Hedysarum
alhazi

Duralabha

Bilasi

Kondavepa

Bettadabevu

Mullayvempu Root
Bark, fru.Lt,
f 1 owe r,
gum, leavf?s

Peddadhumpa

Dumparasmi

Chit taratter

Urumatti

Narumbelai

N.irvila

Rhizome,
fruit,

leaves,

Root,Bark
used in 'worms
Leaves paste
with turmeric
used for
skin diseases
Oil is also
used for
skin dise^s

Increases appeti
te, a romatic,
Used in cough,
Increases Urina
tion, Dissolves
urinarystones,
Oil used in
rheumatism,

-.r j un

Ar jun

Shardul

Maruthu

Tel larnadoi

Billimatti

-

Bark

Used as a
cardiac
stimutant, and
tonic,

Jawasa

Juwasa

Jabusa

Tulgoinri

Pilarigati

Balhdurubi

-

Stem,
leaves,

Used in Oedema
Used as laxative,
Increases Urina
tion,

38. Symplocos Lodhra
recemosa

Lodh

Lodhra

Lodhra

Vellilodi

Lodugachettu

Pachetu

Pachotti

39. Tinospora Amruta
Card!folia

Giloe

Gulancha

Gulwail

Shinailkodi

Tippatega

Guduchi

Shindalankudi Stem,
Boot

40 . Berberis
aristata

Rasauti

Darhaldi

DaruHalad

Maramanzal

Kasturipasupu

MaradaArishana

Maramanzi1

Daruhariera

Bark

Used as tonic,
Cooling,
Oedema,

Bark,
Stem,
Root,

Used in fever.
Used in Jaundice,

Disease of the eye,
Used in skin
diseases, Used in
diabities,
Used in Joint pains,

41. Rauwolfia Sarpaganserpentina dha

Chotachand Chandra

-do-

Coovannamilpori

Patalagandhi

Patalaguruda

Amalpur i Root,

Used in high B.P.,
Used as sedative.

42 . Rubia
cardifolia

Manjissta

Manjit

Man j i

Itari

Manj itti

Tamravalli

Manjista

Poont

Dried
root.

Used in skin
diseases, Oedema,
Jaundice,

43 . Adenethema
pavonia

Kamboji

Rath

Ranj an

Gun j

Manjedi

Bandiguvuvina

Gulaganj:1

Manjeti

44 . Cissampelo s
pareina

Fatha

Harjori

Mirbisi

Pahadmool

Apatta

Pa th a

Paovali

-

45. Cederus
deodara

Devadaru

Tuna

Toon

Devadsiran

Toonmaram

Devadari

Devadari

Devadaru

Yavanika

Ajowan

Jowan

Ajwan

Omtim

Vamu

Voma

Ayamodakam

Aragbvada

Am al th as

Sonalu

Eahva

Konai

Relachettu

Kakkenara

Konna

46.

Ptychotis
aj owan

47.. Cassia
fistula

]

Seeds,
Root,
Bark,

Seed oil used
externally
for boils &
inflamations,
chronicRheumatism,

Root,
Bark

Increases urina
tion, relieves
abdominal pain.

Wood,
Usee in Diabitis
Bark,
Used to relieve
Leaves , abdominal pain,
Wood oil is used
as a pain reliever,
fruit s,

Increases appetite,
digestive, decrea
ses abdominal pain,
Used for intesti
nal worms,

pulp,
Used as a mild
Pods,
purgative,
-lowers, used in fever,
Used in rheu
matism,

Shatamooli

Shatavari
mool

Gcindhamasthi

Sutha

Kachura

Vidanga

-do-

Bi. jranga

Rasna

-do-

48. Aspasagus
racemosus

Shatavar,i

49 . Curcuma
Zedoaria

Kachura

50,. Embelia
r^bes
51 ,. Vanda
r oxburghii

-do-

52,. Hoolarrhena
a nti-dysent
ca

Kutuj a

53 .. Terhinalia
C chebula II

Bal-Harda

54.. Sapindus
tri foliatus

Phenila

:SRIKIVAS:

Halavumakkalaberu

Shatavali

Pulan
ki zhanna

Kichilli
gaddalu

Kachora

Vavadinga

Vayuvilamgam

Vayuvidamgulu

Vayubalega

-do-

-do-

-

Kanapachettu

Kurchi

-do-

Kuda

-do-

-do-

Kadukkai

Ri th a

PREPARED BY:

1988.

Chellageddalu

Kasturi
Mapj al

DR.T.N.MANJUNATH, VHAI, NEW DELHI.
DECEMBER 6,

Tannervi tta,
ki zhagu

Barari th a

Ritha

-

Sore throat paste
of dried powder
used as soap,

Fruit

Used in intestinal
worios specially
tape worms,

-

Bark

Oil used for
external application
for rheumatism,

-

Bark &
seeds

Used for dysentry,
good for amaebiasis,

Indravruksham

Koda sige

-do-

Karakkai

An i 1 ek ay K ad uk k a i

Kunkuduchettu

Tubers &
leaves

Used as tonic,
nutritive,
Increases breastmi Ik,
Releives pain
abdomen,
Increases urinatic^p

Badanik a

Veppalai

Ponnankottai

Roots

Hoorekayi

Chavakayamaram

Unripe
fruit,

Fruit

Furagative,
•

Causes vomitting,
Puragative,
Used to wash hair,

DK(^ - IO- M-

Rare and Endangered Medicinal
Plants in India — A Detailed Study
A. S. SANKARANARAYANAN,
(Scientist, Ethnobiology
Project, Coimbatore.)

Not much has been said or done to pro
India with its varied climatic conditions,
tect the valuable Indian heritage of the
wide ranging altitude, rich rainfall and soil,
zXyurveda and Siddha systems by conserving
supports various types of vegetation. From
time immemorial, the inhabitants in India wild plant life in India. The problem of
the Flora in India, was appreciated only
have depended on the flora directly or in
in .968 at a UNESCO Conference, in
directly for their sustenance. Indigenous
systems of medicine like the Ayurveda and which recommendations were made urging
for an International Biological Programme
Siddha have their foot in India due to the
(IBN) and an International Union for
abundance of medicinal plants in the native
Conservation of Nature and Natural
forests.
Resources (IUCN) and other interna
Our country is the third richest in the tional and national organisations for
world in the number of species (after Brazil protection and conservation of wild flora.
and the USSR). Approximately, we have In the recent past, a nu Tiber of seminars,
15,000 species of plants.
About 2,000 symposiums and workshops have been
species of our flora are being employed in organised for conservation and eco-developthe traditional systems of medicine. Two ment. But this ‘inattention’ should not go
hundred species are widely exploited for their on indefinitely as we cannot see the
high demand in the field of pharmaceuti prestigious glory of traditional medicinal
cals. It is well-known now that the 33% of plants getting denudated by the depletion of
the forest cover in India is njw left with a our forests. The time is ripe for practice.
mere 23%. Our forests with all the medi There are various causes for the plants to
cinal wealth are gradually decreasing. S >me become rare and endangered.
of the important medicinal plants which
Natural Causes
abundantly occurred half a century ago
Studies have revealed that several plants
have at present become rare and threatened
have become extinct due to natural
due to over-cxpl >itation. Members of the
‘Ashtawarga’ and ‘Dasamoola’, Rauvolfi.i calamities such as 1 land-slides, glaciation,
volcanic explosions, drought, floods, sandserpentina and Dioscorea deltoidea are
dunes and forest fires. No doubt, these
examples.
natural phenomena have led to the extinction
We have at present a very poor know of plants, bat the resulting new environ
ledge of threatened plants. The rarity of mental conditions have resulted in the
the species among the plants mentioned in evolution, speciation and migration of
the Ayurvedic classics and floras arc yet to plants. Hence, these will give birth to a new
be analysed. It is well-known from experi eco-system which will be sound.
ence that certain drugs mentioned in our
Man-made Causes
ancient classics are extinct due to the alar
Most of the eco-systems in India are
ming changes taking place in the eco-system
fragile to ecological disturbances.
Such
owing to the influence of man.

February

1987

63
disturbances along with lack of human
appreciation and concern for conservation
lead to the depletion of natural wealth.
There are also communication gaps between
Naturalists, Ayurvedists,
Industrialists,
policy-makers and people in general, which
have resulted in the deterioration of forest
wealth, especially medicinal plants.

medicinal plants like the Octmum, Cynidon
and Leucas. The aquatic weed like the
Acolla, dominated the ponds and lakes,
replacing the medicinal herbs Lotus and
Monocharia. Not only human health, but
also the native flora has gradually shrunk
due to the overgrowth of exotic weeds in
India.

Pharmaceuticals
The ever-increasing human population
in the last few decades, demanding develop
The ancient ‘Rishis’ and traditional
ment in various spheres, directly or herbalists practised medicine by collecting
indirectly, affect the sudden disturbances in plants themselves at the prescribed time of
the native flora. Urban areas became larger. growth without disturbing the eco-system
Buildings and roads were constructed, or destroying the flora. Since pharmaceuti
destroying the forests. So many dams have cals have sprouted up in innumerable
come up submerging vast areas of virgin numbers, at present, plants are being collected
forests as well as medicinal plants. In by commercial exploiters who mercilessly
addition to these, shifting agricultural exploit the plant that fetches rapid financial
practices as in Kerala and the western gains. This tendency to exploit the natural
Himalayas, pollution resulting from urbani resources for material comforts led to the
sation and industrialisation, excessive use rarity of many medicinal herbs like the
of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, have Coptis teeta and Podophyllum hexandrum.
contributed to the disintegration of the
natural flora. In India, threat to native
The real threat to medicinal plants in
plants has spread in areas which are subjected India is to the forest areas thrt are close to
to developmental activities. Introduction of the proximity of the herbal pharmaceuticals,
plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber, due to commercial exploitation. About 10%
cocoa and cultivation of teak and c - - ilyptus, of the 210 medicinal1 plants extensively
in no small way, contributed to th. ipletion explored fall into the icategory of threatened
of our medicinal wealth. Implementation plants.
of social forestry schemes through mono
Genuineness of herbal formulae are
culture of Acacia and Eucalyptus have
affected the very survival of the sensitive doubtful due to the non-availability of
species of the flora in general and medicinal certain drug plants mentioned in the
herbs in particular. Dense virgin forests literature and employed in the near past.
are now seen in patches only in inaccessible Many species of medicinal herbs are now
controversial either owing to rarity or due
areas due to the indiscriminate chopping of tn
thA
trees to meet the needs of accelerated to the substitution methods adopted by
practitioners.
population growth.

Competition with Foreign Weeds
There is a vigorous competition for the
survival of the indigenous flora with foreign
weeds and pests. The well-known Parthenium
and allied plants like the Mikania,
Eupatorlum, etc. adversely affect our native

The exorbitant rates of drug plants
and those of herbal preparation force the
common man to keep away from our tradi
tional heritage of indigenous medicines.

A list of plants that are potentially
becoming endangered due to over-exploitation in India have been selected. Their

64

Vivekananc. Kendra Patrika

February

1987

65
habit, distribution,
commercial
part.
therapeutic uses along with local and trade
names as spelt in the area of availability
are communicated here. The plants men
tioned are selected from the list of threatened
and endemic plants of the countries of
Europe compiled by the International Union
for Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources (IUCN 1976). According to this
report, there are 25,000 plants in the
world, estimated to be dangerously rare and
urgently in need of protection.
Aconitum - (Ranunculaceae)
The genus Aconitum is well-known in the
indigenous systems of medicine. Aconites
are the root-tubers of the different species
of this genus. The plants occur in the
Himalayas and are found at an altitude
between 2000 m. to 4000 m. above sea-level.
The endangered species of Aconitum, widely
used in India is the Aconitum balfourji Stapf,
a herb of several feet high, usually glabrous.
The leaves are scattered, 6-10 in number.
The lowest leaves decayed at the time of
flowering. The plant is rarely seen in the
U.P. Himalayas and the Central Himalayas.
Its local names are: Darma - ‘Gobaria
vish’; Garhwal - ‘Banwa’; Nepal - ‘Gobari’
Aconitum falcon, i Stapf.
It is a herbaceous plant reaching a
height of 1 m., finely hairy and with leaves
more than 10 in number. The upper leaves
are often crowded. It is distributed in the
Himalayas of Uttar Pradesh and is locally
known as ‘Telavish’.

Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex. Holmes
It is an erect herb, with numerous
leaves, reaching up to a height of 120 cms.
The plant rarely occurs in the western Hima
layas from Hazara to Kashmir. The root
of the plant contains an alkaloid, indaconite. Its local names are : Jhelum—
‘Mohri’; Kashmir—‘Banabalnag’.
Aconitum deinorrhizum Stapf
It is an erect herb with a sparingly
hairy or glabrous stem. The plant occurs

in the Alpine Himalayas of ' ,-shahr and is
locally known as ‘Maura’.

Aconitum heterophyllum W.-.nich ex. Royle

It is a herbaceous plar in the western
and central Himalayas. It i: found both in
forests and open plains. The plant tuber is
locally known as‘Atees’, wb'.nis employed
in Ayurveda and also by the local practi
tioners for a number of ailments.

All the species of Acor.-um mentioned
above have tuberous paired roots which have
been indiscriminately collected for trade.
Recently, the extraction o' Aconites has
been prohibited in the Himalayas by the
Government. But the local inhabitants
exploit the tubers as they fetch a high
market price.
Berberis petiolaris Wall ch ex. Don
(Berberidacea. 1

It is a tree 3 m. hig with shining
twigs and usually with str. 1 spines. The
leaves are thin and toothe. The root of
the plant is used in the inc enous systems
of medicine as a cathartic, ..atibilious and
for internal injuries. It is also employed in
paralysis and rheumatism. It Punjab, the
root bark is used as a diuretic and for
relief of nausea. It is known in Punjab as
‘Chochai’ and in trade as '.ajaut’. The
plant is distributed in U.P.

Other species of Berber, like B. aristata
DC and B. lycium Royle, etc. are depleting
faster though not includec in the list of
endangered species. The f; clous medicinal
product ‘Rasavanti’ is ex: . cted from the
root bark of these plant sp. les
Caralluma edulis (Edgew) I.-.ath and Hook
(Asclepiadacea. j

It is a erect herbaceot fleshy plant
reaching 45 cms. in height. ~ .-.e main stem
and branches are grooved, . eaves rarely
occur. The plant has got se .1 uses in the
Indian system of medicin: as a coolant,

alterative and anthelmintic and it is useful in
leprosy and diseases of the blood. It is
known in Sanskrit as ‘Dugdhapashana’ and
in Punjab as ‘Chungapippa’. The plant is
rarely seen in Punjab, Sind and Baluchistan.

Coptis teeta Wall (Ranunculaceae)

Purpureae Guttiferae’ oil, which has been
used locally for ulceration, fissures of the
lips, hands, etc. by melting it and rubbing
it on the affected part. In trade, it is known
as ‘wild mangosteen’. Its local names are:
Goa - ‘Brindao’; Hindi - ‘Kokam’; Malaya
lam - ‘Punampuli’ and in Tamil - ‘Murgal’.
The exploitation of the fruits and seeds
led to the rarity of the species.

It is a small stenless herb. The root
is horizontal and lives for a long duration.
The root is golden yellow in colour and
Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae)
hence the trade name is ‘gold thread’ or
‘coptis’. It is a tonic and stomachic medicine
It is a branched herbaceous twining herb
which has been found to produce excellent with beautiful flowers. The aerial shoot
effect in debility. The plant rarely reaches a height of 10 m. The tuberous
occurring in Assam is extensively exploited rhizome of the plant is used in Indian
and hence endangered. The root of the medicine. The root is used as a tonic
plant known in Assam as ‘Mishmeeteeta’ stomachic and as an anthelmintic. It is also
and in Hindi as ‘Mamira’, contains an employed in ulcers and piles. The plant
alkaloid, ‘Berberine’.
is known in Sanskrit and Hindi as ‘Langarli’
and in Kerala as ‘Menthonni’. Due to the
Dioscorea deltoidea Wall (Dioscoreaceae) export of tuber and seeds, the. once
It is a climbing herb with tuberous commonly Seen Gloriosa is very rare at
roots. The stem is twining and the leaves present.
end in a point. The plant is found in forests
Gynandropsis gynandra Merill
as well as in the open fields of the central
(Capparidaceae)
Himalayas to Sikkim atan altitude of 1500m.
to 3200 m. above sea-level. In the market,
It is a herb that lives for one year. It
the plant tuber is known as Dioscorea and is an erect plant reaching a height of 1-5 m.
locally as ‘Kin’ or ‘Gun’. Its tuberous The leaves are divided into five lobes. The
rhizome has a reputed use for extractio- f root of the drug plant rem. .es ‘Vata’. It
diosgenin, which is now largely employed is good in tumours, ulcers, pain and fevers
in Allopathic medicine. The plant is scarce as referred to in Ayurvedic classics. The
now due to over-exploitation for alkaloid. expressed juice of the leaf is a popular remedy
as a local application in Otalgia. In Assam,
Garcinia indica Choisy (Clusiaceae)
a paste of the seeds is applied locally in
headache. Its local names are: Bengal-'AnsaIt is a small tree with shining leaves.
risha’; Kerala-‘Karavela’ and in Sanskrit the
The leaves when young are red in colour.
The fruit of the plant which is distributed plant is known as ‘Ajagandha’. The plant,
once a very common weed in the tropical
:n the western Ghats of Bombay, Konkan,
North Kanara and in 'Vyanad is variously zone of India, is now scarce owing to
indiscriminate collection by traders.
employed as an appetiser, anthelmintic,
eardiotonic, in bleeding, piles and in heart
Hyperciuni japonicum Thunb
diseases. The fruit destroys ‘Vata’, promotes
(Hypericaceae)
Kapha’ and ‘Pitha’ according to Ayurveda.
It
is
a
herb
that lives for one year and
The bark is astringent and the leaves are
reaches a height of 30 cms. The stem is
given for dysentery. The oil of the seed
angled and the leaves have no stalk. The
is used in the preparation of 'Garcinae
plant has got antiasthmatic and anti-dysenetric

Vivekananda Kendra Patrika

66

actions. The plant is locally known as
‘Aangoaika’ and is distributed in the sub
tropical Himalayas, Assam and the Khasia
hills in India.

Microstyles wallichi Lindl.

(Orchidaceae)

It is a small herb of hardly 20 cms. in
height found in the open pine forests of
Punjab to Eastern Himalayas and also in
Kerala.
The tuberous roots are used in the
Ayurvedic system of medicine as one of the
‘Ashtavarga’. The drug is mainly used in
tonic preparation. The plant in U. P. is
termed as ‘Lahsunia’ and the trade and
Sanskrit names are ‘Jeevak’ and 'Jeevakam’
respectively. This herb is under the threat
of depletion.

Nardostachys jatamansi DC
(Valcrianaceae)
It is an erect hairy herb with tuberous
horizontal root. It is found rarely on the
rocky slopes of U. P. and the eastern
Himalayas, in the meadows, above 3000 m.
The plant locally known as ‘Jatamansi’ has
the trade name ‘Spikenard’. The plant is
now imported from Nepal to meet the needs
of the pharmaceuticals in India

Orchis habernarioides King and Dantl.
(Orchidaceae)

It is a herbaceous plant living on humus
soil and in meadows. It is found in the
Himalayas between 2500 tn. to 3000 m. above
sea-level. Locally known as ‘Solampanja’,
it is termed as ‘Salap’ in trade. The tuberous
root of this herb is extensively employed in
Ayurvedic and Unani preparations.
Polygonatum (Liliaceae)

The plant is a tall herb living for a long
duration, hardly reaching 2 m. in height.
The underground horizontal root of the
species of this genus is used in Ayurvedic
tonic preparations. The two species of this
genus, Polygonatum verticillatum Alloni and

Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle, known as
‘meda’ and ‘Mahameda’ respectively in
Sanskrit, are very scarce. These plants are
distributed in the Himalayas as an under
growth in the forest at an altitude of
2500 m.-3250 m. above sea-level. The plants
are locally known as ‘Banchuri’ and
‘Salamisir’ respectively.

February

1987

67

The bark is smooth
and a special
Withania coagulans Dunal (Solanaccae)
climbing organ may be seen (tendril). The
It is a rigid, hairy, grcy-coloured plant
leaves are large, ending. in a point.. -The reaching I m. in height. The leaves have a
root of the plant is esteemed by Telenga smooth margin with persistent hairs. The
physicians as a remedy for snake-bite by fruit of the plant is used medicinally as an
internal administration and external appli antiseptic, antiasthmatic as well as in
cation. It is also said to be good for biliousness and strangury. The fruit posses
cutaneous affections and for alleviating pain ses sedative and emetic properties. The
and swelling from small-pox. The root dried fruit is used for coagulating milk in
Rheum (Polygonaceae)
rubbed down with pepper is given to check the process of cheese manufacture. In
The genus Rheum is a stout tall herb
diarrhoea and boiled with oil it is used as Bombay, the berries have a reputation as a
found above 3500 in. in the rocky meadows
liniment for pains in the joints. The plant blood purifier. It is known in trade as
of central and western Himalayas. The root
distributed in South India has now become ‘Indian Rennet’, in Hindi as ‘Kakanaj’ and
of the plant is traded as “Rhubarol”, locally
very rare. It is called in Hindi as in Kannarese as ‘Asvagandhi’. The plant is
known as ‘Archis’. It is used for the manu
‘Kuchilalatha’, in Konkani as ‘Pandri’ and distributed in Punjab, Sutlej valley and in
facture of Ayurvedic and Unani laxative
in Kerala as ‘Cherukattu Kanijiram’.
Sind. It is an endangered plant.
medicines. The three species of Rheum, now
extensively collected and getting depleted
Future Actions suggested and Conclusion
I leriana jatamangi DC (Valcrianaceae)
are Rheum mo. Wall ex Meissn, Rheum
In most of the States of India, threa
It is a herbaceous decumbent plant tened plants are confined to the natural
spiciforme Royle and Rheum webbianum
found in shady localities of the Himalayas virgin forests and to sacred forests, whi'-h
Royle.
ia India. The underground root of the plant are the remnants of past dense vegetation.
Saussurea lappa Clarke (Compositae)
without the rootlets is sold in the market These sacred forests are to be given further
It is a tall herb with an erect stem as‘Sugadhabala’ (Asaru), locally known as protection. The Government should create
reaching a height of 2 m
The leaves are ‘Sumya’. The plant is used in Ayurvedic, many more sanctuaries to preserve the
thin and irregularly toothed; the basal leaves Unani and Allopathic systems of medicine as biological diversity. The only way of ensur
are very large. The plant is seen in Kashmir well as in perfumery and tobacco industry. ing the survival of endangered plants is by
at an altitude of 2750 m. to 4250 m. above The high demand for the plant causes the the preservation of the habitat.
sea-level. The root of the plant is used as plant’s rarity.
The pharmaceuticals should duplicate
‘Kushtha’ (Sanskrit) in Ayurvedic medicine. •
It cures leucoderma, itching, ring-worm Veronica auagallis Linn (Scrophulanaceae) the rare plants and they should be insisted
to cultivate the required medicinal herbs.
and tridosha diseases of the blood as well as
It is an erect fleshy stemmed, glabrous
Colleoijon of herbs should be allowed
bronchitis as said in Ayurveda. It is
applied in powder-form in Punjab to cure herb, reaching a height of 7'5 cms. The to be done in proper season especially of
leaves
have
no
stalk
and
they
are
very
long
the
species
from which roots are collected.
ulcers. The alkaloid which has been named
‘Saussurine' is extracted from the plant in and the base heart-shaped. The plant is Those who exploit the plant mercilessly
addition to inulin, Potassium nitrate, sugars medicinally employed in Kashmir as an for financial gains may be penalised.
and tannin. The alkaloid ‘Saussurine’ is alterative and diuretic. The plant is given
Activities on afforestation and conser
employed in modern medicine too. The inswrvy and in the impurity of the blood. vation of flora should go hand in hand and
trade name of the plant is ‘Costus’. In Tliebruised plant has been applied externally must be given top priority.
Hindi—‘Kust’ and in Kerala and Tamil- for healing .ulcers and swollen piles. The
It is a matter of relief that the Govern
nadu—‘Kostham’. Due to its exorbitant plant is distributed in Kashmir, Punjab,
demand in the indigenous medical pharma Bengal and Assam. It is known in the ment of India has banned the export of
ma[)et as ‘Water speed well’. Another certain species of medicinal plants.
ceuticals the plant is now endangered.
end^cfcd species, namely, Veronica becaThe eco-development approach could do
bunl1 L- also has the same therapeutic much to avoid the mistakes that have been
Strychnos colubrina L. (Loganiaceae)
valui °f
anagallis L. and is known as made in the past where the welfare of the
It is a large woody climber with a stem
which is distributed in the people has been to appear secondary to
reaching 7 5 cms. in diameter at the base. wcsi(rn Himalayas.
protection of Nature.
•
V.K.P.-6

A

HERBAL FIRST - AID KIT

Wedicines and their
No.

Nam® of medicines

1.

Palkayara (Asafectida').Stomach®

Indication.

usages

Dosage.

Methord of Administration.

§ m.g.

Grind and mixed with hot water and dnnK.

a drops

Apply in the hole of the tooth in a cotton.

for Worm

Infection.
2O

Euchalyptus Oil.

Tooth ache

and head ache.

3.

Jathihka(Nutmeg).

4.

Turmeric powder.

Vomiting,

For head ache apply it on the, forehead.

5 m.g.

Grind and mix with hot water and drinK

Diarrha.

5.

a pisch

Apply to the wond and bandage. For stomach pain

Stomach pain.

eat mix with honey.

Lemongrass oil+
(-■/ - t

Indigestion, 4 peppor

Eat 4 pepper kept early in the lemon grass oil.

Ayamodakasa th

Stomach trouble. 5. m.g.

Mix with hot water and drink.
Chew it and drinK the juice.

CutsSWonds,

gas trouble,
stomach pain.

6.

(Ajivam essence)

7.

V eluthulli,ElakKai.

Stomach trouble.2 pice.

8.

Marmani Thai lam.

Burning,cuts,

drops.

Massage tne affected part after applying the oi

banges,disloc

ation ,joint

pains etc.

9.

10.

J

Chew it and swallow.

VayuguliKa.

Vomiting sen- 3 pills.

(Ayurvidic pills)

sation, gas

5)

trouble.

o

Villuadi guliKa.
(Ayurvidic pills)

Poisoness
case.

t

Grind and drink, apply a little on the injury 1
part (bite or cut)

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A3AM0DA
Botanical name: Trachyspermum roxburghianum (De.) Sprague

Synonyms

Sanskrit
Hindi
Kannada

Ajamoda
Ajmod, Ajamoda
Ajmodavoma

Marathi
T amil

Koranza
□mam

T elugu
English

Vamu
Ajamod plant

General description

A much branched annual aromatic herb up to
90 cm height, cultivated throughout the

country.

This is a common household item

and is used for household remedies.
The stem is hairy, erect, branched, and
30-240 cm. Flowers are white or greenish
white and are at the top of the stem. Fruits
are small and ovoid with vertical ridges.

Parts used:

F ruits

Taste:

Pungent

Common.uses:

Loss of appetite, indigestion, flatulence,
cough, cold and other minor respiratory
troubles, hiccough.

Preparation and dose:

2-3 gm powder twice daily along with warm
water or buttermilk. The infusion made of
this ia a dose of 30 ml to 60 ml can be used
in all the conditions mentioned above.
Proportionately smaller doses are recommended
in children.

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cy
Fi'iitts
in Lz-ctr-rj
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^tv.! .i'.iti’jr er.: Jw tji

. y ;•n.’ntr y *
ir.' .nry

3-u ga ^av.ier -ulp of •4r.ri.ia fr :< t r-;iisv: s
i
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■■•z ciol«
ir;7 s <<n v■ rt

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Hr.; herb fcenc .. n
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t'c-x-p.u
c ■jr<s;ry»
cw
> t-'- v ?■
stalk fl-.: ay.
r"'tlrj
sl’ jhtly bluish cip
cr AOur, - r ult.'s f -und
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<-<scs

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•'.■■■w-.'.’.er tsric*? C/.iily uith

r-11. k
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aocful a?

juice twice

Tya ra
» table spaonf >i of •-. r-vh-i
star r .tiorj
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i tht-icn caily
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this decufitten -jiv-ttn 3 ta 4 ti®*® ;.i
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£ r»ncja>.;ut t rerwcia ou
Cter

n t cil Ev,.?r
tall,, hairy evararr•:n :■ 1 .nt
tht country.
L :.•<■<. ilL ■■:;£!t:.-, tradl* . sln~lik& witi- 7
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Amrita
Gul^val
ShinUii akoCi
Tippefci •■-'•
Tinosoara plz-nt

■ i.rc; ■?.’ r.:ns£ri>i ii.-ns

•■ er-':"G.fr. in- i1-- ;$e; ■-..■■rail y rnum' all s>vr ai-<;
country.
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n ■!:•/
fisrs-t -••.n" c. rky. l-Ur, Lta'vns
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g fruit Bize OF
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aUt.:s.jcM. juice
ar arit1*: Ci'.-. t>; :W3.rtf -J.’ ?r
i<sra\k juice i'i'i.s 1
-in in >h-r 1 in'
-ae! !. 'a f-<v.-<r3» i' «l-ec.ict 5,30 'n-s usin^ G^riuchi
(6 -■ yig)t ihunii (2
a)
it rsfci (A ■/■ rtc)
is ■j..Si5f>..;l in .t-.i: tn. aVin.mt ot’ f'-v.’r.t; iHt.h
ccnstip&tisi-' sere slsn In ccssas of j»un~lca«

ic

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Hinoi
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K
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1 civil ■ Taflil
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Haiti
Haiti
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?. •. : n. 1.
.^anjall
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...

, t: ~ c ? < 1 ci ? b t «• 1. t i n:

Cui■' v '.v’ ..’ll -.j enuntry.
herb of
' '.ytrs" i’lel/ht with 1-.rge r,yi incxie., 1
roots !.-:'ich tv. yrlLau or r:■•
.■ :j ;
isrcjc tn'fto n<;snt ■•(! ; t th?/
<opo Fio;;cra in s.'ilks;a«

; rts uastiS

■„r. ‘sr^r^ ,:n-.J ■. tans (rhizcme)

7 > ■U:
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./ '■ :>t: s

nt. bitter

l -t
s xunnint; -si
I r;t- 1 franco to oust
nocs, r>. .■> .ic-rtecy >51
uct icul ;oI y io
£
of : <•?'Ic-.jIty in tcontbiny
■C ;.;h
due *>j nil ,>rqy, ischin: ■
> c-n oil
mun<J«

..;>t...t.,; oooa;

'i-S t.v. if solder is use-n; 3■-6 ■ wl .if o'scoeVi S US '! <!«
ii ^rj -dr . is «>l»-ed •. ith
milk
;' v&n
>.•■ cazias
troubles. 'it.':? ■: t: tbw.<
pinches
..ows'^r ■-.■.?■>•. out in a ow6k<. 1 >.:&s
irn f'nr i nhel-.ti«o. far
of snn...e&ti<;n
in »■- dhro.'t
t.<

V*••■■.’. decoction -/f h,".-i.U.a •_ «*af>.j! i - ' no
tr ■: ■ toent of jaun-lice.
Hii'ii dru; ia Cbnsloe ii '.o t.oes&ss -• :n- i :»■• • t.-.in
;jii3:'s:rtj
It is useful in thr. w;>.-?h’r;; of
wounds aod 1-; si'su usvd as a -iustiny sa^jJer
sflec u.ishin;; ths? w/jond*

■: '>

■ ■■.
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;nskrit
nirtux
1i
.i - r it ti
annada
■ki
Horace
Anilekai
<■ xdpfck-xi j, X!
Kattrakl, K -.rthk'ciy
ebultc 'j-,y -’an

-

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t J'.y.i ti’fl

'.h

--------------

:
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. et-;?s> in
In ;r i..C art •?' ■■■■ :.;.€ x xrld'.y
■.■.■.<■•
1, • dhyii ; .■' x.h, Toni. 1 dado,
d
m : * .shtrn.
•Yau”'. 1c jos ■..■■} eav: ■ r-.-.tf ui',!■> srift, i hinin.;
. nUy i’!.:'..-;
ur<.ri h■.; rn» L' ' ws". 7~? i- ' e”
■;:■ \ ■■'■■j •vAlif-ti c. 1 or • I’?.-;-.., .oint-r-d
tip, rctsn-vrad t . re, f'lnun'r o tit Ik srUl, ys<’ ou
or nil-; c loured, ith off;
. ell. ■ ruits
n ch
;5 '.“df I'.d ,'iih h rd :urfnc», ".u'.h
yvccvc'.-e !>!'> ; ■■■•: dr.'jJ.!'. v
,r ■.:■•. ■■■';•
.:■■ 31
fit: rey •..■.tv.t'r. ripe. .:n<?
:n
f’n.iit.

'•

P. rts us&ds

I'k, fcui.t.

• ••■.'.•. <• ■■• r-:; 4- :. i •;*.•

'. r '

^■un-

vir>.;> th<

nt.

n<
1
ti -.r-9 '"<:■■■ ul-n.c:..,
chi-nie cau',;h, ’■a.t.-.sno,
7

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linn ;■•«:, da»«J

il;..g,

3-4 Q;-" of
r once ar tw-.cts
r: -y £tb ‘jot^
'■■ by,: :. ■' \
;?-.fT'., li;. tion . .r-d j.;* ren/cs the
.1
ian„ i-c cit tt; i, ■-••xs,Jki • d '. i t:ht onl in
j:o.
x;»r>
dy thn •••<;■< c fri;.'halr, Thvs is
mssuj n ccas's..-i;«tit.■« nith honny .nd ih-« t
■■Gd
sro it is o>;ci "or v.b>- ayoa. The
rind of tn . fruit is chnsrod in cadao ;?< t -j h
.'../ ‘nr-;:t trouble. The ccci'.c.ti- n - udt? oith
Harltaki :>oudcr it* .- oti
n» antisc.-tlc r .r;.»lo«
This is :» :.a.pd tunic in nld w^e. Irishalii
deopclic-n is ussful in jaundice.

x: nthor-r .,um

Sot nicni "

synoftymt
■Sanskrit
H i ni'.> i
Guj-itfiiti
K anna
‘’t:r thi
i
Telugu
English.

xl? :<)■ .'-ac.-il

$»?n .•-k'.'rl

-.ri
K'iH’i. -.k-'tl’A

Kii-jrfarsgatfc ;-ri

;

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1-7

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>0-1 2, Z .
’. an.
frvsh 7■-•-■ b.'.uirh vinlrt in c-.l
ire
rickly. Thst r*u« I." ra
-:3!. Tha
fruit?
uhii is:- ■..it’>
nr- :-?;; nnot?.
r.L-f?
■' turr yi-.loy.
■.-!-(■ « '■: 0 z c:w in ■ : £ .
e

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influxnr» nd '..‘h«r f?v ts»

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‘ u/ii«
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L««um
■'(•41 ul li
Viiathull
■/;4 fhuli
’ nth!
Ga lie

unr Tit.
u •>sr

to.-. ? •-?■ ji.T Sit i ? i'I . ,'.ul TTT, j.n ?. ■ st.' -n, cau -h
-ilrst Ij'- y.n
: i.-s, s^ronic •' v-r,
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? ■ynr.r yysTi r-t.
■>lb ere t. is?

It

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nlw.-u,
ti
»uranj, sijoru
. r• .rifucalfifr .^a6anh»J»-t -usska
tu»aka»
'■■rirathi
•''...
’'Bh-slwnija, ^avalufig
Tawil
Kaeorsnarathal
Telugu
■ 'Lungaw
English
Citron
Gens'rai laserA shrub or a;:;;.sll trsa --shout 3 -stars hltjh with
e.hart» thlc?-, tb/rny sj nchsu, Cultlw*t-rf
throughout. ttw country i/*;.’acial.l.y in orch .ir.jc
in b'tt .r • .uissh,
antra anc ^^ar^atx.Ka.
L&evv’ib 1-.<>v?l -..it'n slightly
•
:i<■■:•■<> riovcrfi S"<&.l13 uhito
rr j -;sant.
i'ruit layg»t ci;aut 6-‘V- c-;-»
thick
rou:;h rind. The ripa fruit i.r« ysllrsu.
■’■'Eta Uftrtds

awls fruit incl'inn rind.

T:.: to:

Sour

£a

•rs»sj

Prct)'«r. tlnn ;.n,’

InJi'jWSti -f’j lass of u •'stita, naune-?.,
van it tiwj, lir-ae •.■•.>', I.-..nc.
15—2S ml cf juice of th1? ubv it- f ruit ir> •:
rjl.'tjc. of cc-Xc ar wiir--1 uc’tt’r is useful in
all tbn .:■ &',<« c^ndi tiirns. k 'site* of h->
uhnlc fruit (:ulp
.-5 r.i -a' uitf.r
-.n...
iuiaful in tt>-so c-ar.jt?:^.

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HERBS AND THEIR USES - by Sr. Innocent FISMI
(Translated from original text by DR. MARIES JOSE)
INTRODUCTION
From the origin of mankinds man and medicines had a close association.

is hardly anyone not having some knowledge about medicines.

There

The only aim in

life of the ancient men was his survival, for which he had to procure his daily
food and shelter.

He deoended on nature's plants and trees for their fruits,

leaves, stem and roots and also the fish and flesh of animals.

Their intimacy uit-

the nature was such that it was the nature's caves and trees which helped them

tide over the adverse climates.

In his frantic efforts to obtain-his daily food, he got injured and wounded oft

by wild animals, poisonous stings and thorn
about adverse effects on his health.

pricks.

Climatic changes brought

Light ning and fire burned his body often.

During such times of dangers he prayed ferve.:ntly to the creator of the naturev
The Almighty God.

He also used the 5 elements (Panchabootas)
*

getting relief from his ailments.

of nature for

He gradually came to learn and use various

remedies from the nature for the various ailments.
He had nothing but nature to depend for the medicines as he had to for his foed
and shelter.

He strongly believed that all the things in nature were created by

GOD for his good.

The knowledge that everything in nature is the permutation •-

combination of the 5 elements and that these elements has got the medicinal
properties was the starting of a new era.

The human body itself is made up of

these 5 basic elements (Panchaboutic constitution).

bence they believed that

such a body when diseased, should bu treated by those 5 elements only.
Jesus Christ has restored sight to a .blind man who approached him.

Jesus asked

the blind man to take his bath in thd Siloha Lake and then to smear wot mud on
his blind eyes whereupon ho got his sight back.

Thus Jesus Christ himself

showed the world that human ailments can be cured with the belief in GOD and by
using materials for the nature which he himself has created.
Though everything in nature had some medicinal prepertios,later generations

depended mainly on plants.

They gave importance to Monotherapy (using only

one- herb Cor a particular disease).

uJith passage of time anc^iloo

population, men wero forced to work harder for their survival.

■

This often made

them physically exhausted from, wounds, cuts, fractures, burns -and other side;
effects from climatic extremes,

at a time.

They were forced to use more than one medicine

This resulted in concoctions, lin iments and pills.

Since all

the medicines were not available all round the year, they started scoring
medicines in the form of extracts (Arf.shtas) andttaickond extracts (lahyams).

* 5 elementsj- Air, Fire, Earth, Watoir & Space.

; 2 s
Though many treatment modalities are in vogue, Ayurveda, Allopathy and Homeopathy

All the three aims at healthy living basically

arc the important ones.

administering these 5 elements

in different ways.

by

(panchabootas) present in the nature to the discos

Of all the three, Allopathy had a wonderful and fast growth,

which has really prolonged the life expectancy of the man today.

Butt the same

medical science has shown the world the various side effects resulting from its

use.
Ayurveda says that you must treat the patient and not the disease.

For this,

they ege the materials from nature in their original form, not subjecting them .
destruction by chemical reactions and dispense them in the form of Arishtas

(extracts), Kashayams (decoctions), Lahyams (t hickened extracts), Thailams

(Medicated oils), tablets, lin'iments, etc., etc.,

I'lan maintains his body

and prevents its destruction by consuming food which is prepared appropriately.^^

There is no chemical reaction involved in this.

According to Ayurveda, this is

actually a form of treatment.

The ancient medical science was developed by the sanyasies.

They could cure

all ailments by meditation and by their divine powers in addition to using
nature's products aherever needed. . In fact, they believed that, they were

serving God when they used these divine powers for the well being of their

These heelers used to go around in the villages and care for and cun.

fellow mon.

the sick.

This system is

different from the present system whore patients

approach the doctor.

During these periods it was the patient's relatives who nursed the patients at

home.

They collected the herbs from their own compounds or from the surroundings^

Concoctions or pills out of them were made by the relatives themselves in their
own kit chore.

Today those herbs reach the various factories abroad, get into

their sophisticated machines and later through the drug distributors, doctors
and finally through nurses reach the patient.

Once it gets the 'Foreign finish'

the same medicines which were availahi12 in plenty in our own compound becomes very
expensive for us to obtain.

Modern medicine offers wonderful cure and recovery today with the help of
antibiotics, hormones etc.
in use.

It is only since a century and half that these.-, arc

The discovery and knowledge that each communicable disease is caused

by as particular germ was a great leap and

success for the modern medicine.

In

addition to the many new diseases which this age has presented to us, the
diseases which result as a result cf treatment
increasing day by day.

(iatrogenic diseases) are also

On top o:f it, the germs causing diseases are developing

resistance to the various antibiotics.

Llith state of affairs like this, we

cannot depend on a particular drug for a particular disease.

treatment is riot ideal if it cures

A particular

one disease by becomes a cause for some other

disease. Duo tsxour ignorance and .laziness '' '

we havo depended on such treatments

.../3

2

3

o

An ideal treatment will not only euro the illness but do not cause any new illness::
Sy health, we mean the physical, mental and social well being and not merely absunu

of diseases.

The living human body is part of the living external environment.

As long as this external environment

there is health.

and the bodily environment are in contact,

When there is failure of this contact, there is disease.

Ayurveda says that the panchaboutic human body is maintained by the tridoshas.

arc vata, Pitta and Kapha.

They

They regulate the various body functions depending on

the chting.se in the external environment . Any derangement in the proportion of

these tridoshas result in disease and Ayurvedic treatment aims at bringing them

back to their normal proportions.

.

The living external environment require air,

heat and cold for its survival as also the human body.

The air which maintains

the bodily environment is called Vata, the heat which maintains the bodily
environment is called Pitta and cold which maintains the bodily environment is
called Kapha.
Everyone knows that health is at home and not in the hospital.

cannot get it at home that we have to approach the hospital.

It is when we
If oach one of us arc

careful, we can keep cursolvas away from many diseases and also treat them early
in our own houses.

It is in India that the maximum number of herbs arc found.

Single herb therapy had its uniqueness that the herbs were not subjected to
chemical reactions nor were they mixed with anything.

India was foremost in this

form of therapy.
Our country's achievements in the field of medicine and art, those days were.-

This used to attract many foreigners.

They appreciated and

imitated us and in short, adopted our methods of treatment.

As a result, it did

really praiseworthy.

not require much time for the medical science to be turned into a industry.

In

the field of medicine, there has been many contributions and achievements made by
the western world,

Wq have come to an age, whore, medicines can be injected

directly into the bicod so that life can be- saved and the diseases of the internal

org.-.nu. can be diagnosed by X-ray and the diseased organs can bo removed by operations.

Ayurvedic treatment or Herbal treatment aims at a stage of health care before
wo have to resort to tho above measures.

At this age where medical treatments and drug manufacturing have become a
profitable industry, the main problem is to find tho method by which an ordinary

man can get some relief for his ailments.

f unknown diseases.

As mentioned earlier, this- is the era

Nuclear test®,- environmental pollution, and adverse- climatic

conditions has resulted in a state where uncontrollable amounts of germs are
present in the environment. It is difficult to protect oneself from each of these

germs.

To prevent illness dug to these g or ms’,.' •fhbqoniyr-.ljiaylia'jtre- improve our

basic health.

It is difficult and impossible for anyone to take vaccinations

...A

S 4
against each of these germs.

Instead, giving health education for achiev ing the.

basic health and encouraging the health promotion and harmless medical sciences
like Ayurveda are nbeeotial for the whole human race for its health maintainance.

It is a mistake that we are under the impression that health is -obtained by wealth

There are examples to disapprove this.

The country of Saudi Arabia which is forepu-.;

in the world in national income and per-capita income has a 'Physical quality of

life index'
70.

(PQLI) of only 30.

Whereas a poor country like Srilanka as a PQLI of

Studies on PQLI of India and Kerala throws some light into the type of health

promotive measures to be taken.
ofi the state of Kerala is 72.

While the PQLI of India as a whole is 34, that

In Kerala it is the districts of Wynad and Iddikki w.;

are little backward due to the large number of Adivasis inhabiting these areas.

The irony of this fact is that Kerala is one of the poorest state, yet having the hi

PQLI.

This proves that to develop the health status of an ordinary man in a

community, the proceeding socio-economic development is not a must.

"

Kerala has

proved that, before socio-economic development, anyone can achieve better health.
Here we have to gratefully remember the many hands who worked sincerely and with
dedication to bring up Kcrala to this status.
This has been appreciated by the
World Health Organisation. WHO has calle^Phenomonon 'The Kerala flodol'.
ythis

International conference at 'Alma -ata has declared "Health for all by 2000- A.D.".
India is one of the countries who has signed in this declaration.
□ f our nation and. each one of us to make this dream come true.

It is the duty

Out o f't he 10

./

ooints programme for this implementation, only 1.5 is related to doctors i.e.,

curing diseases.

All

0.5 out .of,the 10 is taking the various preventive measures.

the remaining has to be done by the people themselves.

This also includes

provision of safe drinking water for the public, building latrines, for every house,
preventing environmental pollution, promoting tree plantations etc., etc.,
which are related to the respective departments.

■

Our dreams of health for all can

be materialised only if we can achieve, all these together.

It is the duty of all

those who work for public' welfare to co-operate with the.government and work with
responsibility so that they can get'for the public what they are entitled to get.

It- short, health promotion should be incorporated into any measures taken for the
development of the overall standard of living of the public.

Isn't it clear now that we have to look through a now angle at our health programmes
lit. cannot aim at' improving the health of an ordinary man just by increasing the
numbers of doctors, nurscs and huge hospital bifildings.

Instead of this we have

to concentrate on the disease preventive measures and health education for the
public.

Only if we incorporate health with other economic and socio-cultural

programmes, that the dream of 'Health for all' will come true.
Today, what we need is to discard the blind foreign craze and to use properly the

pure, compact and natural resources which are available in plenty and also, the

sacrifice and united efforts to make our health fiield a success.
sacrificing and service mindod youth come forward
room of 'Health of all by 2000' will, come true.

Let the

with this promise.

Then our

HERBAL TREATMENTS

HCMB MADE MULTIPURPOSB TONIC Ingredients -

Indian gooseberries

-

5 kg

Jaggery

-

5 kg

CaSdamom

-

10 gm

Pepper

-

10 gm

> .
■ .

.

10 gms

(Pia-jjnmon

Raisin

-

25 gm

Dried ginger

-

25 gm

Procedure -

,

Wash gooseberries in clean water and keep aside.

preferably of china clay.

Keep ready a big clean container

Fill the container with'some gooseberries (l/5th) and

then jaggery over it (l/5th).

Add l/5th of the spices over it.

Now again fill wit:

gooseberries, jaggery and spices in that order till all ingredients are. over.
Close the lid of the container air'tight and tie if if necessary.

undisturbed for 41 days.
in bottles.

Keop it

After 41 days, solve the contents and store the fluid

This can be stored upto 3 years.

Uses This is a general tonic which prevents many common illnesses-.

vitamin C and iron and hence an ideal tonic for anemia.

in it helps in digestion, nausea, vomiting and gas trouble.
for diarrhoea.

It is rich in

The cardamon.and popper

It is a good remedy

This tonic is specially good for pregnant women.

development in children.

It helps in brain

It helps to get good sleep and hence useful for people

suffering from insomnia dose being Vazbefore sleep.

It is recommended that this

tonic be made by all mothers at home and to be used when needed.

“EVER
Ingredients -

5 gm

Dried ginger

-

Pepper

-

5 gm

Panikurka loaves

-

1 handfull

Vasaka leaves

-

1

Tamarind

-

1 piece'

Jaggery

-

1 piece

"

Boil all the ingredients in 1 litre of water till it reduces to 1 glass. ■ Seive and
use for mild to moderate fever, cough and cold.

Dose is 1 oz. 3 times a day.

2

VASAKA

3.

- 'Botanical name

- Adhatoda vasica

Hindi

- Adusa

Marathi

- Adulsa

Kannada

- Adusoge

Telugu

- Adasaramu

Tamil

- Adadorai

Malayalam

- Adalodakam

HEAD ACHE

Tulasi leaves

1 handfull

Eucalyptus

1

"

Thumba

1

"

Put all.the ingredients in boiling water.

4.

THUMBA - Botanical name

- Lcucas aspera

Tamil

- Thumba chedi

Do steam inhalation from

Marathi

- Chimeni, Bahuphul

Gujarathi

- Kalukariatum

Malayalam

- Thumba

Telugu

- Tumni

Hindi

- Goma Madhupati

COUGH
A.

1 hand full

Vasaka leaves

Honey

-

■g- glass

Lime, juice

glass

Gandy sugar

1 piece

Steam vasaka leaves and take the juice from it.

To

glass of this juic

add honey, lime juice and candy sugar

Dose

- 1 table spoon three times daily

Vasaka (sec preparation NO. 2)

B.

Kirankuri leaves

Honey

1 handflill

-

4 glass

Steam Kirankuri leaves and aquooso' them to get £ glass of juice.

honey to it.
Dose - 1 tablespoon J times daily
Kirankuri

Botanical name

.

Emilia sonchifolia

-

Muyalcheviaw

Hindi

Malayalam

.

-

Kirankuri

Add

3
.

ROUND-WORM

A.

Garlic

5 gm

-

Thunba

-

5 gm

Zedoary

-

10 gm

Boil all the ingredients in 1 liter of water till it reduces to 1'glass.
Administer this 3 days consecutively before sleep.

1.

2.
B.

Zedoary -

Hindi

-

Kachura

Tamil

-

Kichilikulbangu

Malayalam

-

Kacholam

Thumbs - sec preparation (3)

If the worm load is excessive with vomiting of worms and drowsiness, the
be used.

folloxring may

Squeeze Sadap leaves and take the juice.

Administer 1 drop by mouth if chr

is below 1 year and 2 drops if 1-2 year group.

If the child is above 3 ye

the same loaves may be ground to make it a ball of 1" diameter in size and

The mother and child should not take meat or fish during this

swallowed.

treatment.

Sadap -

C.

English

-

Garden Rue

Hindi

-

Sadap, Satap

Tamil

-

Aruta

Malayalam

-

Aruta

Telugu

-

Sadapaka

Kannada

-

Sudabugida

For repeated woirn infestations and drowsiness, use oil in which sadap

leaves are seasoned for the scalp.
12

years.

This oil may be applied till the chiZ

In some places, the same is packed into mettalic. tubes and tic

to the nock, waist and arms of children
Sadap - see preparation 5 B

• 4
HOOKWORMS

Give 1 tsp of this milk cither early

A. Take the milk from raw papaya.

morning or at bed time for 3 consecutive- days.

1 tsp sugar can be added tc

this milk for children,

B.

Grind papaya, seeds to a paste.

1 tsp of this may he given for 3 days

PINWORMS

A.

Roll it to a ball of gooseberry size

Grind neem leaves to a thick paste.

for adults andt/2Lts size for children.

Give this every day on empty

stomach in early morning for 7 consecutive days.

After a gap of 7 days

give a second course for 7 days. A. ga.p of 7 days later give a 3rd course
for 7 days.. Ccnplete cure-can be expected with 3 Such courses.

Neem -

E. Chirettu

English

- Margosa, Neem

Malayalam

-

Tamil

- Vepa, venbu, veppamaram

Ariveppu

Telugu

-

Kannada

-

Bevu, Bevinamara

Hindi

-

Nin, Nimb

Marathi

-

Niraba.

Vepa

- 1 handfull

Boil in 1 glass of water till, it reduces to -§• glass,

glass daily for

adults and 1/4 g lass daily for children at bedtime for 7 consecutive
days is advised.

Chirettu -

Botanical name '

-

Gentiana Kuroo

English

Indian gentian, chirretta, ling of bitt*

Hindi

Karu, Kutki., chirettu

Kannada

-

Nelaveribu

Marathi

-

Kirayet

Tamil

Nilavembu .

Telugu

-

Malayalam

Nelavemba

Kiriat, Nilaveppu

TAPEWORM

A.

Take the skin of pomegranet fruit and leaves of the same'.
juice.

To this add

glass of milk.

Grind and take the

This has to'be taken, at bedtime for 3

consecutive days with an induced purging in the morning vzith castor oil.

1

•

1

-

1

.

1

Pomegranet (wild line)

• I.

F.nglish

- Wild limo

Kannada

-

Kaadulimbo

Tamil

-

Kuttuclumicanpazham

Telugu

- Ade.vi.nimna

Malayalam

- Mathalanarakam

B. Babcrony powder .

- 1 tsp

Add to coconut milk and take at bed tine 3 days consecutively

Baborony (Hindi)

Botanical name

- Embelia ribe's

Hindi

- Virongas, Baberony

Marathi

- Vavadinya

Telugu

- Vellal

Tamil

- Vaividongam

Kannada

- Vayubaliga

Malayalam

- Vizhalari

FRESH CUTS AND WOUNDS

Any wounds infected on the body undergo es healing spontaneously if there is
no infection. The scab formation is a wonderful nechanisn by which the body
• >To
tries to protect these, wounds from infection and hasten recovery .^prevent

infection, hold a burning wood over the wound and. pour water on to it.

The

hot water falling onto the wound will kill all the germs.

A.

Grind the latjira along with its root to a thick.paste.

Fry this in

Gingelly oil and apply to the wound and bandage.

Latjira -

English
Hindi

Rough, chaff tree

-

Kannada

Uttarane

Tamil

Telugu

Nayaruvi

. -

Malayalam

B.

Apamarg, latjira.

Uttarane

0herukadaladi

Grind sarasaparilla to a paste and apply to the wound
Sarasapilla -

English

-

Countly sarasapilla

■ 'Hindi

-

Magrabu, salsa, kalisa

Telugu

-

Suganthipala

Kannada

-

Namadaboru

Malayalam
Tamil

Naruninti, Nannari

Naruninti
0. Grind PEP.TKAI4M leaves and mix with line juice and apply to the wound and

6
D. Grind NHAMTIENGU to a paste and apply to the wound
B. Grind KARABALSAM, take its juice and apply to the wound
INFECTED WOUNDS

Cut open a tender papaya.

the wound and drcss.

Scrape the white soft material from inside.

^-yl.

It lias an effect similar to glycerine nagsulf.

CLOSED ADCBSSES AND INDURATION

A.

Grind to paste the Lajalu plant and apply

Lajalu

■
,L.rr„

Botanical name..

j?- Mimosa pud.ica
Sensitive plant,

English.

- Munnugudamaran

Telugu

j

Tamil ■' •

- Totavadi

Malayalam

-

Thottavaadi

Kannada

-

Nachikayagida

B.

Apply Thriphala powder and bandage

C.

Grind to paste sarasapilla and apply

D.

Grind to paste the leaves of Thirakol with better and apply

Thriphala

-

Sarasapilla

-

see preparation 2.6

- see preparation 9 B.

. Thirakol (Hindi)

Botanical name

- Coceinca Indica

Tamil

- Kovai

Telugu.

- Dhonda

Kannada'

- Thondekai

Malayalam

- Kovalu

Grind to paste the root of PANACHIPULY which has gone vertically down and
apply.

EXCESSIVE SWEATING AND HOTNESS OF SCALP IN CHILDREN
A_.

E.

G inf. to paste gooseberry and sandalwood and apnly on the scalp
Mix yellow of the egg with Indian Aloe and mix white of the egg with castor

oil.

Now mix both the mixtures to a smooth .1 nniment and' apply on to the seal

Indian aloe -

Botanical name

-

English

Resin from Aloe

Barbadensis

Indian aloe

.. n
Malayalam
„
■ ,
Kannada

Hindi

-

Kumori.

Marathi

»•

Kumari

Telugu

-

Kalabanda

Tamil

-

Kattala'i

•

.
- Sonnanayakan

— Kathaligide

7
C.

Grinclgto paste sandalwood, dried ginger, Indian aloe, POOTHIIUNARTIiY
KALAMKCMBU, sweet flag and cunin seeds in equal amounts in line juice

and apply to the scalp.

Cumin seeds

- Jeera

Indian aloe

- see preparation

Sweet flag (English)
Hindi

- Bach, Gora-back

Kannada

- Bo-je

Tamil

- Vasanbu

Telega

- Vasa

Malayalam

- Vayanbu

SKIN DIS1ASFS

13.
A.

Grind turmeric and noen leaves to a smooth paste and apply

B.

Grind tumeric and Hulhul loaves to a paste and. apply
Hulhul - Hindi . - Hulhul, hurhur

Tamil

- Nayikadugu, Nayivelai

0. Grind to paste tumeric and Tulasi loaves and apply
D.

Grind to smooth paste CIEIMAAGATHIK13RA leaves and apply

Bi. For oiiy skin diseases, wash the affected area with water in which

Begonia loaves are boiled
Begonia (English)

Malayalam - iSlanulachi

U. BI?/~DING FROM VAGINA
A.

Squeeze cotton flowers to take the juice.

Add honey to this and take

daily.
Cotton (Tnglish)
Hindi

B.

_ Nilma -

Kannada

- Ilatti-Arale

Tamil

- Senparutti

Telugu

- Chonbarathy

Grind NILAMTiICNGU along with its roots to thick paptc, roll to Mils
1" diameter in size and. take 7 days consecutively.

8
15.

WIUT3 DISCHARGE FRCM VAGINA

A.

Grind to a thick paste 5 gn of the root tuber of the black nusale and tie

it in a clean cloth.

Place it in cow's milk in a vessel and boil the nilk,

When the nilk boils scueezs- it into the milk.

This nilk should be taken

daily in the morning.-

If the white discharge is excessive the s'-ne can be consumed 3 tines a day.

The root tubers of the Black nusale can be dried and powdered which can bo
stored.

If this powder is available it can be taken daily in 1 glass of

milk till, white discharge stops.

Black nusale (English)

B.

Hindi

- -Kalimusli

Kannada

-

Tamil

-

Nalappanaikizhangu

Telugu

-

Naclatadikilangu

Malayalam

-

Nilappana'

Neladaali

Boil 10 gn gulancha in 1 liter of water and reduce to 2 ounces.
twice daily after adding 1 pinch of Merinjil powder.

Take 1 ounce

During this treatment,

drink plenty of water in which MULLANCH3ERA is boiled.
lie ring il (Malayalam)

English

- small-caltrops

Hindi

- ehota-gokhru

Tamil

~ cherunerinche, Merinjal

Malayalam

— Norin j-il

Kannada

- Megi 1 mil In

Gulancha (Hindi)

Botanical name

- Tinospora Oordifolia

Marathi

- Guloe

Telugu

- Guluchi ■

Tamil

- Shindil-kodi

Mala

- Amruthu

0. Grind the loaves and tender stem or WTUCH3DI along with candy sugar.
Roll to balls 1" diameter in size and take on empty stomach in the morning

EONSUJTIS

Grind Kirankun leaves, garlic, one crystal of common salt to a paste.

Apply this

to the throat and popur its juice to both ears and also apply the sane to tho
scalp.Kirankuri

- soe preparation 4 D

9

17.

RING WORM OF Tin; SKIN

A.

Grind to paste Tulasi leaves and salt and apply on the losiori

B.

Grind to paste the AANATJlfcKARAL leaves and salt and apply ever the lesion

0. Rub the AGATIUKEHRA leaves over the affected area
13,

WHITLOW (PARONYCHIA)
Grind raw ginger and salt tc a paste pack inside a whole line.

A.

Keep the

affected finger inside this line for few hours a day for few days.
Seme ingredients can bo packed inside a hollow PEjStApRCTIKKAYA and the sap.

B.

procedure nay be repeated.

19.

ATHLETS FGGT (FINGAL INFECTION OF Ell)

A.
E.

Grind to paste raw ginger and KGDAGU leaves and apply
Keep the leg Imorsod in the water in which skin of cashew tree and P2ZIII

arc bo iled

0. Grind raw ginger and' neem together and apply
20.

ASTHMA AND WHEEZING
Mild to node rate Asthma responds tc the following treatment.

Grind to a tv'?'

paste the leaves of PONHARAM '-.nd. roll it to a ball 1” diameter in size.

Mix tr

in patient's urine and give it to drink early morning for 7 days consecutivelj- .
21.

BLEEDING FRQ4 NOSE

Take the red, tender shoots of Nux vomica and grind in tjingely oil and
This controls bleeding from any site.

apply on the scalp.

Nux vomica (English)

B.

English

- Nux vomica, strichnine

Hindi

- Jahar, Kuchla

Telugu

- Mushti-bittulu

Tamil .

- Yetti,.Ycttikottai

Malayalam

- Sanjiram

Grind gooseberries and KALKAM and fry in ghee and apply on the scalp.

WHOOPING COUGH '

.
To its juice add sugar and given to drink

A.

Crush the leaves of pine-apple.

D.

Cut a riped pineapple to very small pieces.

of half a coconut.

Add 15 gm of vasaka and gratin.-;,?

Keep it in an earthenware pot and steam it.

squeeze the juice out from this add 20 gm of candy sugar.
stored in bottles.
Vasaka

Give 1 tablespoon 3 times daily,
- refer preparation 2.

Then

T‘-is can be

10

23.

BURNS
A.

Grind. together roots of TIIAZA, KALKAM and. coconut oil and. apply bo th.-

E.

burned area.
Grind line and coconut oil to butter consistency and apply to the burned

area
0. Grind to paste tapioca leaves and apply to the burned area,

24.

DIAIETES

Crush gooseberries to get y oz of juice.

A.

of juice.

Crush raw ginger to got

oz

Mix both juices and drank 1 oz on enpty stomach daily.

D. Keep aside 1£ gn of crushed CIIITTAMULA after removing the sewn.
this to 1 bottle of sweet toddy end. spoke it for 3 days.

Add

After 3 days

take 1 oz daily in the norning on an enpty stomach till there is

’

response,
25.

-

SNEEZING ASSOCIATED WITH EOSINOPHILIA
Take 3 pepper with 3 leaves of KUDAGU early norning daily for 41 days.

A.

DI' Do NASYAM with kud.agu leaves

' C. Do NASYAM with kapasi juice
Kapasi -

English

- East Indian screw tree

Hindi

-

Malaya lan -

Kapasi, Ehendu -

Kayyanyan

D. Use regularly oil in which Tulasi loaves are seasoned
E. Season coconut oil with red sandalwood, sliced lino, and canphor and

apply to the scalp

Camphor Tamil

Kannada
’

24.

- Karpuran
_
n

Hindi

- Kapoor

Telugu

- Karpuran

Malayalan

- Karpuran

PHES

Toko Triphala powder in ghee daily at bed-tine
Triphala contains harara, gooseberry, bahora,

It is good for any a^o.

Th.,

great physician Vagbadacharyar used triphala in nost of his preparations.
According to hin if triphala. is taken with gingelly seeds, you got the
of peacock and everlasting yo uth.

it prevents many diseases.

—

This medic I’.

which is easily available is not given due respect .to our ignorance.

11

Hahera (Hindi)

Eelcric nyrobalans

English

-

Hindi

-

Dhaira, Dahora, Ehora

Tamil

-

Tani, Than!

Kannada

-

Gating

Malayalam

-

Thannicka

English

-

Chebulic nyrobalan

Telugu

-

Karakkayn

Tnm‘1

-

Kadookai

Malayalam

-

Kadukkai

Ilarara (Hindi)

27.

ULCERS IN THE MOUTH
A.

For oral thrush in children, grind to paste gooseberry in breast mill

and apply
D. Gargle with warn water in which honey and magnesium sulphate crystals

are added
0* Mix 3 parts of neon leaves and "k’part pepper in sour butter milk and

drink this twice a day in the naming and evening

D. Grind latjira in butter nilk and apply

Latjira

- see preparation 9A

- For mouth ulcers due to vitamin deficiency, take tonatccs alone or
7.
with butter, nilk.

Along with this drink

glass of water-used f~r

washing rice in-which crushed gooseberry leaves.are added.

28.

BAR PAIN AND EAR INFECTION
A.

Fry horscgran in a pan.

When it is hot, pour honey over it."

This warm

i

honey has to be seived and poured in both the ears.
E. Crush the loaves of Tulasi and Nili-nargandi to take its juice.

Add

this oil juice and oil to a pan and boil ti11 all the water evaporates.

The remaining oil can be stored in bottles.

For ear ache and. oar

infection in still 2-3 drops 2 tines to both tho ears.

Nilimargandi (Hindi)

C.

Hindi

-

. Telugu

■ -

Tamil

Nilinargandi, Kala basninb

Nallanochchi

. -

Karunochchi

Malayalam

-

Kiarunochi

Kannada

-

Karinekkigida

Heat the roots of THAZTlA and the wain juice of it has to be instilled
into tho'ears

' -

■

12

D • Stean the stem of liar j oira rmc1 crush to got its juice.

Instill this

juice into the cars.
Harjoira Botanical name

-

Cissus quadran gularis

Hindi

-

Harfoira

English

- Edible stormed wine

Tanil

-

Telugu

- •Nullorctigen

Kannada

-

Sandubathi

Malayalam .

-

Changalanparanda

Pirandal

13. Crush the leaves and roots of Gael to get the juice.

Add KALKAM and

equal anount of milk and coconqt oil and apply on the scalp

Bael (English)

,

Hindi

-

Kannada

-

Dxlvapatre

Tanil

-

Vilvon

Telugu

-

rilvanu

Maiayalan

-

Koovalan

Del

TOOTHACHE

2?.

Crush cloves and put in the open cavities

A.

Bi Boil guava leases in water and nouth-wash with this water

Boil skin of cashew-tree and PBZJIU tree ston in water and use that

C.

water for mouth .washing

CONJUNCTKTTIS/SORB BYES

30.

Take a handfull of NAVANICKA, wash it nicely and' keep it over night in

A.

a clean vessel.

Next day a sliny liquid wi.11 bo formed.

To this

slimy fluid, add cunin seeds, ground tender stem of AMMAKARUMEI
MAKALUVBLUMPY and sieve it using a clean cloth and apply 1-2 drops in
both eyes.

■ ■

B.

Apply in the morning for 5 days

Grind together equal amounts of Nux vomica, cunin seeds and sandalwco-

and mix in tender coconut water.
eye's.

.
Nux vomica

3J.

Scive it and instill in both the

.
refer 21 A

-

INJURY TO BYES/FQREIGN BODIES IN EYES
Crush drun stick leaves to take its juice.

A.

Add honey and breast milk

to it, scive and apply in the eyes
D.

Soak flowers of Chandini in brest nilk overnight and pour in the eye.’

. the next noming

Tanil

-

■

-

.

Chandini (Hindi) - Eng.’Lish

- Wax flower plant

- Nanthiavattanpu Toligu ■

- Nandivardhanantu

Maiayalan

— Nandiarvr.ttan

13
C.

Grind tender shoots of votty and cumin seeds and nix in breast milk.
Tie this- in a cloth.

Squeeze 1-2 drops to the yyos.

Votty (Malayalam)

D.

Tarn' 1

- Maravattai, Niradinuttu

Telugu

- • Advebadomu, Niradi

Grind Jaranala, cunin seeds and snail red ionions to a paste.

Mix i

breast milk, scivo and apply in the eyes.
Jaranala -

- Phyllathus Nirusi

Botanical. none-

3.

Hindi

- Jaranala

Marathi

-

Telugu'

-

Nelausirika

Tanil

-

Kizhkaynelli

Kannada

-

Kirunelli

Malayalam

-

Keezhnmelly

Bhuiavala

Grind cunin seeds in the juice of KUDAGU L3AV3S,add breast m~ 1V tc ~

and apply in the yyes
F.

Grind cunin seeds in SAHAbiEVI juice and- breast -nilk and apply in th'

eyos
Sahadevi (Hindi)

Botanical name

- Veronica. Cinerca

English

- High coloured fleabonc

Marathi

- Snyadovi

. Tamil

32.

- Nai-chette

Telugu

- Gherittekarnina

Kannada.

- Sahadevi

Malo.ynlam

- Pocvankurunthala.

DYS3NTRY
A.

Tka

the juice from Tamarind leaves, nix with equal, quantity-of

buttey-milk, and boil, till it reduces to 1/4 the volume and add
chengoodiura powder and drink.

ChenqpoAiun (English)
Tamil

-

.Telugu
Hindi

Parupukirai
Pdppakuru

-

Eethusug

Malayalam - Ayamodakam
P. Grind the tender shoots of cashew tree in rice water and drink

$. Grind Ghobhi, nix with rice flour and roast the dough to thick cakes
and eat

u
Gobhi (Hindi)

D.

tiinrzlt ah

~

prickly leaves of elephant foot

Tamil

-

Anashavadi

Telugu

—

na.stikaS&kn

Kannada

-

Ilakkarika

Malayalam

- Anae huvady

Grind the roots of Kenyan tree in buttemilk and drink

banyan (English)
Hibdi

-

Dor

Kannada

-

Aaladamara

Tamil

-

Aalr-maran, Pudavam

Telugu •

- . Marichettu, Peddanatti

Malayalam -

3.

33.

Peral

Grind tender shoots of P3ZIIU in butter milk and drink ■

amckdiasis

Dysontry due to Amoebiasis is characterised by frequent loose stools wi'
blood and mucus along with lower abdominal pain

A.

Grind the skin and flower of- ponegrahet to a thick paste.

Mix in wo.

or butter milk and drink
- 10 gm

D. Roots of PDRIKALAM

- 5 gras

Garlic
Chenopodium

- 5 gras

Nutmeg

- 1

*

Doil all these in 3 glass of water tn 11 it reduces to a volume of 3/4 gins

Drink this 3 times a day for 9 days.

34.

Chenopodium

- see preparation 32A

Nutmeg

- see preparation 35 A

GAS TR0UDI3
A.

Take a pinch of Chenopodium and mustard and. fry it in a pan.
-g- glass of water overnight.

Put it in

Next day, take the sediment, cover it in

2-3 layers of dried leaves and then plaster mud over.it.

Roast it in

fire, after that, grind it with, a KATTKARAJ and take it
Kat-karanj (Hindi) -

T’aiuil

-

’

.

Kazhachikai

■Telugu. -

Gacachakaya

Malayalam

Kazhmjikuru

D. Grind 5 parts of gingelly seeds with 1 part sugar and nix in goaf’s nilk
and take.
■ i
0. Grind CIITRUCIil'ttA, nix in water used for washing rice and drink

15
'

D. Satavari in miBc and. boil and give.

If it is Ion,-; standing, .-Tiru1 t.-troth

Satavari and. KA1KAM end fry in ghee and give it 3 times.

Satavari (Hindi)

35.

Hindi

-

Satavari, Shalcakul

Kannada

-

S&atavari

Tamil

-

Tammirvittam - Kizhangu

Telugu

-

Phillitaga

Malayalam

-

■ Satavarikizhangu

DIAJTJICtTA

A.

For common diarrhoea in children, powder nutmeg, cinnamon and pome.qranet

skin in equal amount and mix it in a few drops of honey and give it thrice
a day .
Cinnamon (English)

Hindi

Marathi

- Dalchini
_
n

Tamil

- Kannalavangapatti

Kannada

- Lavangpatti

Malayalam

- Karuvapatta

Nutmeg (English)
Hindi

-

Jaiphal

Kannada

-

Jaiphal

Telugu

-

Jajikai

Tamil

--

Jathikkay

Malayalam

- Jathikka

I. Grind tender shoots of P3ZHU to a gooseberry size ball, mix it in butter
milk and give for drinking'

0. Diarrhoea in small amounts associated with wind, responds to drinking

butter milk in which roasted garlic is added
36.

PF.PTIC ULCFJl

Add honey to turmeric powder and. roll to a ball measuring.a gooseberry
size and take it 3 times half an hour before meals.

cured.

Take till the nicer io

buffalo's milk can be consumed during this treatment but avoid

hot, spicy, sour food stuffs.

In many cases, complete cure has been

reported, though surgery was advised prior to treatment.
37.

NODULAR HNLARGHM3NT IN TJ-3 m

A.

Grind liquorice in ghee and apply
Liqurice (English) -

Hindi

- Mulethi

Kannada - Yashtimadhukam Tamil - Atimadhuram

Telugu - Yashtimadhukam Malayalam - Atimadhuram, Irattimadhuram

16-

B.

Grind Korehi-jhar, mix in butter milk and apply
Korechi-jhar (Hindi)

Botanical name

-

Cyperusirotvndus

English

-

Mat girasis

-

Earikmotha

•

Marathi

Telugu

- Thungamusti

Tamil

- Korai kizhangu

Tongahulla

-

Kannada

- Muthanga

. Malayalam

0. Select the root of NKANAYAKAM which has gone in north direction, grind it to
paste and apply

38.

GOLD
Take equal amount of gooseberry flesh, tamarind leave -veins, MUTHANGA and

Mix it in the juice of Nili-nargandi leaves.

grind to a smooth pasjje.

Pry

this in coconut oil and apply liberally on the scalp

Nili-narandi
39-

-

refer preparation 28 B

DLUNT INJURIES
A. Crush roots of KATTADINAYAKAM make kanji out of it and drink

E.

ZD.

• .

Drink human urine

.

PAIN AND SWELLING DUE TO SPRAINS
All grind to paste leaves of EKAKAYAKAM, mix with equal amount, of pure ghee

and apply on the area of spraip.
B.

Take Lajalu plant along with the root and grind to a smooth paste in the
water used for washing rice and apply.over the affected area.

Lajalu
4".

- refer preparation 11 A

ECZEMA

Grind to paste the whole plant of gobhi along with its roots and mix in

cow’s milk and drink’-every morning for 7-21 days
Gobhi - sec preparation 32 C
42.

COMMON SKIN DISEASES
Soak flowers of white okander in coconut oil, keep it in the sun

and then apply,. Most of the common skin diseases responds to this
treatment.

Oleander (English)
Hindi

- Kaner, PilaMalayalam

Tamil - Arali

- Vella-aralli

Telugu

- Ganeru

17
ANEMIA

A< Grind neera leaves "to a thick casts and mix in ghee and roll to a ball. of

gooseberry size and take on empty stomach in early morning.

Continue

treatment till, anaemia is cured.
D. Grind neem leaves to a paste, mix in honey and take

C.

Crush the gooseberries to take the juice and add honey to it and take

D.

Crush 7 leaves of KUDAGU with 7 cumin seeds and take early morning.

JAUNDICE
A. Gtind together'leaves of KUDAGU, cumin seeds and raw ginger to.a thick

paste, roll it to a ball.of gooseberry size, take it in the morning for
7

days.

>•

.

D. Amply the juice of POCCIIAMA’IAKI leaves to eyes.

C.

Grind the whitish tender shoots of castor plant with cumin seeds to a

paste, roll it to a.ball of gooseberry size, take.it on empty stomach in

the morning for 3 days.

Avoid fatty food and salt, till, the'jaundice subsic.

MIGRAINE
A. Grind the leaves of KOONANPALA to a paste and apply on.the forehead
D.

Apply the juice of Ilulhul leaves to the ears
Ilulhul (Hindi)
Hindi

-

ilulhul, Ilurhur

Tamil

-

Nayikadugu, Nayive'dai

Malayalam

- Kattukodagu

C.

Grind thumba leaves and lime to paste and apply on the center of scalp

D.

Crush together 21 leaves of KAiWHARICIlE'ENI and 21 cumin seeds in 2 drops o:

Tfiunba
breast milk or water.
eyes.,
E.

- see preparation 3
Squeeze and apply 2 drops of the juice into the

Grind loaves of VELTKONGINI on water used for washing rice.. Keep this
paste on the scalp and also apply on forhhead.

SWELLING OF LEGS SEEN IN PREGNAICY
A. Drink plenty of water in which'MULLANCHEERA is boiled. '

"• Drink plenty of water in which CIICRUPOOLY is. is boiled.

This is good for

those who have albumin in urine, swelling of body and stones in nr-ino,

C.

Make curry with the core from the. stem of PALAYANNCSAN plantain and. eat

it, or alternatively crush the core and drink its juice.'
for those who have stones in urine.

This is ideal

J'lff1 BLOOP PPFSSURF

A. Drink water in which Adan and Fve are coiled.
p, Crush the core from the stem of PAIAYAN KCDAN plantain and drink it.? id. Do net drink water during raea'ls and drink a glass of water -y an hour .rfvn
meals.

C.

Drink the water in which MULIAN CIi'lhKA is boiled.

URU-IfiRY OESTRUCTION

Add to it 1 gran of ElacJanusali

Crush Satavari to get 1 liter of its juice.

Boil the solution till it reduces

to it and. 2 gm of powdered candy sugar.

to honey consistency and then stere in bottles.

Take about v oz of milk

This relieves burning micturition if present also.

daily.

Satavari

- refer preparation 34 D

Black musale - refer preparation 15 A

49 •

DANDRUFF

A. Grind to paste ICtZTlARfDTLY and apply oil the scalp and bathe.

Add equal amount of gingoi ..

Crush the leaves of Kapasi to get its juice.
oil or coconut oil to it and 3 poppor.

Pour in a pan and. boil it.

When

all the water evaporates,'the pepper breaks and immediately take the pan
from fire, and store in bottles when cool.

This sho uld be applied to th

scalp.

The preparation is also good for excessive hair falling, hoadache and

.

diminishing .eye sight.
Kapasi

- refer preparation 25 C

0. Grind C’JSRUKIZIiANGU to a paste and a only on the scalp
50.

ARTHRITIS AW JOINT SWELLING

A. Crush the leaves of thorn apple arid take its juice.
water.

Thom apple

-

'

Hindi

- Sadah-d.hatur-

Marathi

' - Dhotwi

Telugu

- Uranatha

Tamil

- Unatai

■ . Kannada

-Ummatay

Malayalam
D.

51. .

Hon 1 this juice in

Pour this water slowly over the affected joint.

~ Ummath

Fry duck’s egg in meem oil and eat daily

RH3DMATISM
A. Roots of Dirha'tta

Goat's log bone

f '

- 10 gm

Roots 'of Dariar - 10 gm

-1

Goat's hand bom

-1

Cut all the above ingredients to nieces and boil in 3 liters of water.
consume 1 cup af-ter seasoning with mustard in ghoe. Immediately after
drinking either exercise or work nicely for some time.

Daily

Eirhatta(Hindi)
Botanical name

Solanium Indicum

English

Indian night-shade

Hindi

Dirhatta

Marathi

-

Dolimoola

Tamil

-

Karimulli

Kannada

-

Kirigaligidia

Telugu

Tellamoolaka

Malayalam

Bariar (Hindi)

Puthirichunda

■ -

Botanical name

Sida cord ifolia

English

Country mallow

Hindi

Bariar

Marathi

Chikana

Telugu

Chitimutti

Tamil

Mayir-nanikhtun

Kannada

Kisahgi

Malayalam

Kurunthotty

Mix equal amount of neem oil and coconut oil.
apply all over the body.

' //////

Season it with garlic

Hram

/Aji

3/5/ s 3

-/o. q

POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF i< EDICT N AL
FLA NTS IN GUJARAT S TATE*
: K. C. D A L A L :

AICIP on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,*Gujarat Agricultural
University, Anand Campus, ANAND : 388 110.
J
/at

™

" Never have so many people throughout the world
had such great expections that an acceptable level of health
is withinnreach, if not for themselves at least for their
children.
- Dr .Halfden Mahler, Direct or-General,WHO
An attempt is made here to review the current
status and developments in Medicinal Plants and examine the
critical issues relevant to potential and development of Medi
cinal plants in Gujarat State. What potentiality exists in this
state to help achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) goal,
"Health for all by the year 2000" is also indicated.

Health to the vast majority of people, especially in all deve-loping countries, means much morethan the mere
absence of disease. It is something most prayed for, but rarely
achieved. According to the WHO constitution, "Health is a state
of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infxrmity" and whose destination
by the year 2000 has been defined by the World Health Assembly
as a level of Health that will permit all the people of the
world to lead a socially and economically ip'Jfo^ductive life.
Health and social awareness must go hand in hand
the one leading to the other and each progressively reinfor
cing the other-this process is known as community involvement,
or as it has been aptly put, "Health as if people mattered."

‘Presented at the meeting of Gujarat based
pharmaceutical units and the members of the State and Central
n
Industrial Development Agencies and Financial Institutions
held at the Hall of Gujarat Chamber of Commerce and Industry
on Anril 16, 1983.

COMMUNITY HEALTH C5LL
. . .
47/1, (First Floor)St. Marks Hoad ••••
BANGALORE - 560 001

2.
After many years cf benign neglect, many researchers
and health administrators have renewed interest in the discovery
of new medicinal plants of value in the solution of numerous
ailments and diseases that modern western medicines have failed
to conque.r. Traditionally pharmacologists and phytochemists
have been relying on a number cf plant species from whom they
obtain natural sources of drugs. History shows that it is an
exceptionally rare instance when a naturally occurring chemical
compound that has found utility as a drug for man will yield
a derivative on structure modification that exceeds the value
of the parent compound in drug efficacy.
Unfortunately, few attempts have been made to
tap the incredibly large amount of information that is currently
stored in the heads of herbalists and traditional healers of
our country who utilize non-toxic, simple and time tested
medicines which have been integrated over the centuries into
the cultural pattern of the societies in which they operate. Many of us have personally witnessed the great
help that^canAgained from herbal medicine. And this is why we
should revive interest in research on indigenous herbal drugs.
_
‘IL.,
n
The arrogance with which many Western -trained doctors often
dismiss the value of herbal medicine should be replaced with a
careful analysis of the pharmacopoeia that has been cherished
by human medical history for centuries.
Ijhmay not be out of place to mention here that
extensive scientific studies to determine the nature of "Dosa'
as mentioned in Ayurveda have been made recently and it has
been concluded that, these are the neurohumours mainly liberated
l>y
-brain and its various nerve endings. Normally the neurO-

humours are quickly destroyed by appropriate enzymes (Vata :
acetylcholine, destroyed by cholinesterase. Pitta : catechola
mines, destroyed by monoamine oxidase and catecholamine 0
Methyl Transfarase Kapha : histamine, destroyed by histaminase) •

3/-

3Over production of these neurohumours ultimately leads to
pathological changes in various organs and tissues. Dr.Udupa,
an eminent Allopathic doctor as well as a researcher states::
ft
II —
It
.
we are convinced that the JJosas mentioned in Ayurveda can
now be estimated easily in the laboratory through various
It
biochemical methods.
The WHO has pledged to provide satisfactory
health care for all mankind by the year 2000. Mahler("1977) >
Director -General of the WHO, has clarified this point ■ This
ambitious goal is, quite simply beyond the scope of the present
health care systems and personnel trained in modern medicine.
•
Witfl but 25 years to go, and since it is unlikely that the least
developed countries can even dream of having enough of the o .
orthodox type of personnel, it is clear that unorthodox solutions
H
must be sought .
?eu D -feyp G SUPPLY
Our country has very rich herbal resources • More
than 1000 medicinal plants are currently in use. However, there
is no organized system of collection, cultivation, preservation
and supply of the drugs used in the country. Practitioners in rn
rural areas usually prepare medicines themselves, using local
herbal resources and sometimes, in view of the utter simplicity
of some of the recipes, advice the patients to prepare the drugs
themselves, in thier own homes .However, there are more than 3,000
pharmacies in the country which manufacture traditional medicines
from raw drugs, mostly utilizing indigenous technical know-how.
In view of this the cost of production is lower than that of
allopathic drugs- However, to taake traditional drugs more.accep
table and popular among the sophisticated urban populations,
some pharmaceutical firms utilize modern technology to produce
these drugs and modern methods to market them, offering them
for sale in modern pa.cking and making them more palatable than
in the raw form. They, are being prescribed by both the traditional
as well as allopathic practitioners. The prices of these products
could be reduced further if an organized and uninterrupted
supply of genuine naw drugs is made available to the indurtryf

..v-

4.
as well as to practitioners of traditional medicine who might
^rofpr to pse them as they are ofr to process them further
themselves.
As agricultural scientists, we have little knowledge
about the therapeutic values of various plants and have diffculty in understanding and searching medical literature and in
deciding the procedure we should adopt in choosing plants which
we should do research upon. Usually we now concentrate ourresearch efforts on those, medicinal (and sometime other economic)
plants which meet one or more of the following criteria, besides
the possibility that they can be cultivated in Gujarat state.
(l) it is threatened with extinction
(2) Price of its economic product has been increasing rapidly
(5) it is used since huhdreds of years
(4) little or no information is available, or the crop
(5) the work is labour intensive
(6) input and mangement costs are low and
(7) efficacy of its product bad proved of considerable thera
peutic importance.
Some of the medicinal plants whose cultivation
aspects are being worked out and contemplated are listed below
along with the information that may interest industrialists
interested in processing these plants-

(zl) ISABGUI : ( Psyllium) :
The crop is. traditionally grown in the state.
However because of fluctuating demand abroad especially in the
U.S.A.^price paid to the farmers fluctuates widely.Isabgul
husk is the primary economic product• About 80 to 90% of the
product is exported largely to U.S.A, where it is processed
further.
The questions that should be asked and should : .. '
concern the scientists and industrialists of the state are :
(i) Is all the husk that is being imported from Iridia by U.S.A.
used in manufacturing bulk laxatives only? and
5/-

5(ii) what are the other industrial uses of this product?(It
has been claimed that seed mucilage is used in Cosmetics and
as a stabilizer in ice cream manufacture. Experimental usage (
in animal feeds was also reported and the seeds are
as feed for apiary birds)Gujarat Drugs & chemicals limited(GDCL) has been promoted by
Gujatat Industrial Investment Corporation Limited involving
cutGJdy,' of Rf- 1-5 crores. GDCL will produce 400 tonnes of psyllium
husk palatable formulations and 145 million tablets of different
preparations per annum. Working at .full capacity, the sales
turn over from the project would be around Rs.J.25 crores per
annum .
Research ireeds
(A) Agricultural
Collection of germplasm
from its primary centre of origin - Ir&q and adjoining areas(B) Commercial ■= Market survey of Arabian
countries and promoting proposed isabgul based GDCL product
in middle East, Japan and S.E. Asian countries with a view to
capture market of the American company who, at present processes
our raw material and re- exports it- isabgul has been traditionally
used in middle East countries.,Wrorld demand for psyllium is
now ablout 15,000 tonnaesnnually with a growth rate equal to the
growth rate for laxatives which is about 3% per annum and thus
market potential for psyllium is very good. One specific market
that could show considerable potential for psyllium is Japan.
^T^orpow Japar^sp importers have not yet obtained entry clegteurnrfor psyllium from the Ministry of Health- If and when this
clearance is given suppliers could find a ready market for
psyllium in Japan, particularly since f-orisulated laxatives
incorporating psyllium are already being imported from the
United States (2) LIQUORICE : (Jethimadh) :
Commercial liquorice is obtained from th% roots
and rhizomes of varieties,of the leguminous plant Glycyrrhiza
glabra.Shina produces liquorice from the species G. uralensis r

.

.

.

--

■“

.•

..

o/-

6.
The chief suppliers to world markets are Ghina, U.S.S.R., Iran
and Iraq? India imports liquorice worth more than Rs- 1-5 crores
annually (Personal discussion with Dr. K. M. Parikh, Zandu
pharmacy).
liquorice contains about 7% of the triterperoid
glucoside, glycyrrhizin, it consists of the calcium and potassium
salts of glycyrrhiz&nic acid (the diglucopyranC’AidurcJnic acid .ff
the tri terpg p-cid glycyrrhctic acid - synonymous with glycyrrhetinic
acid) Glycyrrhizin is the principal flavouring constituent . It
is marketed in a number of forms :(a^Natural peeled or unpeeled
root(b) Solid liquorice extract (c) gticks -and (d)Granulated or
spray-dried liquorice•
In its chief application as a flavouring agent and
in confectionary, liquorice does not? appear to suffer competition
from other products. However, the use of liquorice-based galenic
preparations is reported to be declining owing to the availability
of improved and new products.
Liquorice and its derivatives taken in large doses
may cause sodium retention and potassium loss leading to hyperten
sion, water retention and severe electrolyte imbalance - Ca.rbenoxo-»
lone sodium, derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra and used in the
treatment of gastric ulcers (also claimed to help cases of
duodenal ulcer but much conflicting evidence is available) can only
'be given for a maximum of four to six weeks, and a potassium
supplement is usually required- Thus the tpxic side effects will
encourage replacement by other drugs where possible .
The use of liquorice in pharmaceuticals is small
in industrialized countries. However, in herbal remedies and
indigenous systems of medicine use of iiiquorice dates back
several thousand years and it is commonly used (in Ayurveda and/
or Chinese medicine)as a demulcent, expectorant, antitussive
and $1Id laxative, being used to tfreat ulcers, sore throats,
malaria, abdominal pains, insomnia, tub. erculosis, sores, food
Poisoning and many other ailments*Indigenous system of medicine
is becoming more and more popular.

*••*7/-

7(For instance, it was reported that the market for Chinese
products in Japan was expected to double in value from Y 55
billion in 1981 to Y 70 billiob in 1984-) • ®any of these
medicinals contain liquorice. Recently it has been reported
that the adreno-cortical functions can be improved by admini
stering liquorice •
Agricultural aspects
The crop grows very.sslc.wlyand takes about
5
3years (as per published reports) to give the vield of
marketable equality. The crop has potential to be cultivated in
the state and marketable produce will be ready in less than
two years. Eleven month old crop has about 180 cr.i(6') deep
tap root and few adventitous roots develop from stolons
(underground runners) developing parallel to soil surface at
a depth of 10 to 15 cm. This is largely the commercial produce.
Planting material (not the seed) is in short supply, even for
research purpose■ Therefore we have standardized technique of
multiplying the planting material through tissue culture and
transferring tissue culture raised planrlets in the field. Free
1984- anwards• 100,000 plantlets will be produced through this
technique and a major portion of these will be supplied to
farmers •
Good quality liquorice, that is with high glycyrrhizin
content, should readily .fiftd a market in India as well asnbrrad.
(3) SENNA

Senna is one of the most widely used stimulant laxatives- Senna
leaves‘and pods are obtained from the small leguminous shrubs,
Cassia acutifolia and -0. angustifolia• C aeutifolia, known as
Alexandrian senna is indigenous to Egypt and the Sudan 0
angustif611^>known as Tinnelvelly senna5is cultivated in Tamil
Nadu.
Both senna leaves and pods are used as stimulant .
laxatives. Th@ laxative activity is accounted for by the sennoside content, mainly sennoside A and B, which are stereoisomers
of rhein diantbrone with two glucose molecules, but traces of

8/-

8.
sennoside C and 0 are also present, together with various
Emodin and rhein glycosides • Some synergistic activity is stated
to take place .
Senna preparations act on the intestine hy exciting
peristalsis without affecting the functions of the stomach and
duodenum and in normal use, the intestine does not become habit
uated to these preparations. The laxative action depends on
the amount of free hydroxyanthraquibones and the ease of decom
position of the glycosides.
Sennosides A and B are practically insoluble in
water and ether but calcium sennosides are water-soluble .-They
form stable and non-hygroscopic crystals and are readily formu-•
lated into a range of tablets and syrups for laxative use that
are used particularly in the United states- In Eurppe, wiost
senna is used for infusions or medicinal teas .
Kpst of the -senna leaves and pods in international
trade come from India, which claims to account fur 90% of world
production. India supplies senna principally to the Federal
Republic of Germany, the United states, Japan the Netherlands
»
France, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Federal Republic of
Germany is by far the largest impo.rter of senna, taking about
3500 tonnes during 1980-81(Average export of senna leaves to
Japan is about 200 tons a year. Japan also imports several tons
of calcium sennosides each year, most of which comes from
Switzerland.
Increasing amount of sennosides will be produced
in India, but the market for sennosides id expected to increase
only slowlyIt is thought that Alexandrian senna fetch a higher
price than Indian senna owing tp its higher content of sennosides.
Demand for senna is steady and although at present! supplies
are considered adequate, good quality senna(that is with high
glycoside content) should always find a market no matter what

. • • -9/-

9is the origin.Work ca.rried out and in progress at the Gujarat
Agricultural University, Anand Campus, is useful in obtaining

good quality senna leaves •

(U.') GUGGAL : (Commiphora Wightii syn C mukal) :
The oleo-gdm-resin-'’ c'‘'“ of guggal is a versatile indigenous
drug claimed hy the Indian system of medicine to be highly
efficacious in the treatment of rheumatism, obSS’ity, neurological
disorders and few other diseases.Recent pharmacological invest
igations on the crude drug, its different fractions and pure
constituents have revealed significant anti-inflammatory, anti|
rheumatic and hypocholestremic/ hypolipaemic activity. It has
been reported that by administering guggal thyroid function can
be improved.(It may be pointed out that in the modern medical
science the hormonal deficiencies are generally treated by
replacement therapy by exogenous sources • Whereas in Ayurveda
the hormonal deficiencies are overcome by administration of
drugs which would promote the endogenous production of hormones ■
It is generally observed that once a replacement therapy is
started it Permanently depresses the endogenous production of
hormones leading to atrophy of the respective endocrine glandsOn the other hand by adopting Ayurvedic principles
one can
stimulate the endogenous production with the help of appropr£^c
drugs)
™
Dr. Sukh Dev, Kalti Chem Research Centre, Nandesari,
Near Vadodara (personal discussion) informed that guggal gum
has potential to become a cheaper source than diosgenin and
solasodine in manuf icturing corticosteroid hormones.
The plant is known to be growing in Kutch, North
Gujarat, Central Gujarat and S'aurashtra.It has been estimated
that Gujarat state produces 400 to 500 metric jtonnes ofiGuggalo
valued
Rs .20,00,000/- to Rs.25,00,000/-The£e figures are atleast '10-12
years old when the price of Guggal was Rs.3 to Rs.4 per kg. The
current price of good quality gum is about Rs.40/- per kg. Genuine
Guggal is in short supply and has lead to over exploitation

10/-

10.
of existing Guggal supplying frees- This has lead to destruction
of many trees- Guggal has been recognized as a threatened nlant
of western India by Botanical survey Z>f I'Pdia -A few guggal
trees of Corominhora stocksiana, whose gum is sold at Rs-150/per kg- has been recently reported for the first time from
Gujarat.

Bor increasing production and steady availability
of guggal gum there is need to study floral biology, collect
germplasm,work out quick propagation method,study its culti
vation aspects and work out non-destructiye. gum tapping technique.
(5) KURCHI, INDRA JA^/, KADVO INDRAJA^ :(Holarrhcna antidysenterica)■
It is a shrub known to be growing in many parts
of Gujarat-Its bark,seed and leaves are economically important
products. Since-time-immemorial its bark and seed are used in
Indian system of medicine with remarkable results in treatment
of dysentery, acute and chronic, of both children and adults.lt
also has antipyretic effect. However, little information on
its cultivation aspects is available. As irrigation facilities
are extended and more land is brought under plough, the available
genetic variability of this remarkable plant is likely to be
lost (6)

SILYBUM MARIANUM:(Cgirduus marianus) :

Until recently it has been accepted almost as
dogma that there was not and could not be any pharmacological
treatment for liver diseases. The- only drugs used at all
were corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents- Now however
as a result of the discovery of a new grcx'ip of substances, the
'flavanolignaasrisol^tcdfrom the milk thistle, Sjlybum marianum
-the situation has altered and there is now a substantial body
of evidence;indicating that the flavanolignans can exert an
almost specific influence on the liver parenchyma- The only plant
product which has an antihepatotoxic action in the true sense of
the word-that "a protective effect on the Liver" is the seed of
milk' thistle.
.. .11/-

The seeds contain ths flavanolignans silybin, silydianin and.
silychristin, which are isomers and are lumped together under
the collective designation silymarinThe trade in medicinal plants and their
derivatives in pharmacy has dsxlinod ’in many industrialized
countries owing to the volume >f competitive synthetic products
currently marketed-Overall tle trade in botanicals has increased
following their increased use in the food and cosmetic industries .
A renewed interest in traditional medicine in Asia and in health
foods in Europe and North America has provided new outjlets for a
number of botanical products.
By and large, cultiration of medicinal plants is
labour intensive and possibility exists of processing the raw
material in the state which produces more than
of the
pharmaceutical preparations in the country. The very fact that I
have been asked to deliver this talk, I presume, is an indication
that plant based drugs arc getting considerable attention of
the pharmaceutical companies.
In western countries, many firms engaged in
processing herbs and herbal preparations are having a roaring
business. In India also demand for plant based medicine is
increasing rapidly. An integrated approach .is needed for p'lanned
development of plant based pharmaceutical Industry in Gujarat
state. As irrigation facilities are extended more and more land
is brought under plough and consequently availibility of rQw
materials from naturally growing plants has now decreased
considerably. However, when material is collected from naturally
growing plants and when collection work is traditionally done
by unskilled and illeterate persons,quality of the produce
varies' considerably-Already Ayurvedic physicians complain of
the non-availability of quality raw materials and also of the
large scale adulteration-These are the reasons why medicinal
plants need to be cultivated on scientific basis'....12/-

12.

Rainfull in Gujarat varies from nearly 25cm(io") in the North
to 225cm. (About 90") in the south- an unusually large range for
a small state- This means that almost any kind of plant,except
the one requiring prolonged severe winter, can find an ecological
niche in the state and can be grown profitably. Therefore, if
these plants are cultivated in the state, uninterrupted
availability of good quality raw material to the pharmaceutical
industry with less transportation cost can be ensured. However,
farmers will grow medicinal plants only if the market is assured•
On the other hand industry will be interested in precessing the
raw material only if its availability is assured over a long
period of time•
If we wish to be in the forefront in processing
medicinal plants, we will have to decide quickly which should
get priority-assured market for the •farmer o'f assured supply of
raw materials. Moreover, we have to ^be very-cautious in deciding
which medicinal plants we wish to promote because we cannot
afford agricultural research-?. time consuming and a continuous
process-unless it is assured that the research results will be
eventually used by the farmer for a long period cf time in
producing quality raw material in abundance for the pharmaceuti
cal industry.
I hope that various government and private
organizations will join hands to fulfil the objectives and also
give their due consideration for the views, enumerated below :

(1) Tc identify neglected but seemingly useful medicinal plants
both wild and domesticated that have therapeutic value.
(2) To select the plants that have shoved ' the most promise for
wider exploitation.
(5) To indicate’ requirements and avenues for research, both
clinical and agricultural, to ensure that selected plants
reach their fullest potential.
(4) Preservation of Plant Germplasm-a concerted efforts is need
ed to ensure the survival of endangered medicinal plant
species •

.......... 15/-

1$.
(It comes as a surprise to most non-botanists and non-agricul- turists to learn that one out of every 10 plants is either extinct
or in imminent danger of extinction) . Wanton destruction of
natural vegetation is killing many but the relentless spread
of conventional agriculture has probably displaced and destroyed
many others- Preservation of germplasm of medicinal plants is
the way to make sure that the genetic diversity and healthy
stock needed for their developments either now or in the
future, for hitherto unknown considerations ?rc assured- It
has been statedlocal governments! must be. made mere aware of
the importance of their native flora to their economic develop
ment and of the need to inventory^maintain and capitalize on
their indigenous vegetative material. Narmada waters, when fully
utilized will bring about 55°^ of the cultivable land of the
state under irrigation and when the number of endangered
plants, that will include many native medicinal plants is likely
to increase considerably.
(5) Plant Introduction ■ 'There is need to strengthen mechanisms
for systematically and routinely introducing and investigating
those little-known plants which are potentially useful to the
state's agriculture. List of such plants if prepared ,no-doubt ,
will include majority of medicinal plants.
(6) Th ere appears to be potential for some development of
contract growing of medicinal plants that are indigenous to
the country for the regional market. A trade association that
registers the state's growers of commercial standing is essential
to allow the promotion of medicinal plants. Such an ^association
would try to maintain a regulated supply of plants and would
be available to act in cases of dispute between the growers
and purchasers of plants. Regulation of supply is particularly
important as a large oversupply of -plants will often destablize
the markets and cause prices to decline to such an extent that
it will be no longer profitable to produce, or trade in, the
plant in question.

.. . .14/-

ia
(7) Support from she pharmaceutical manufacturing industry
could help greatly with the development of new products, or
with the purification and preparation of currently used drugs
from new and conventional sources.
(8) It is inadvisable for us to concentrate on the industrial-sed.
country markets for most of the medicinal plants and in the
event that such market is considered, prior contracts are
essential. The major growth markets for medicinal plants
cultivated or collected and for their extracts may well be our
own state, country and adjoining countries rather than the
established markets of Europe, Npr-th America and Japan.
(9) If the plants are indigenous or cultivated locally, we will
have a control over the raw materials similar to that of the
industrialized countries over locally produced synthetics.

(10) we may find that it is as economical or even more economi
cal to extract botanicals and use the active ingredients for
formulations in the domestic or the regional pharmaceutical
industry. This is particularly true now that the WHO is
promoting and getting acceptance for its Essential Drugs
programme, some items of which are botanical derivatives, in
many developing countries.
I hope, I have convinced you that, development of
medicinal plants in the state is not a task that an individual
or even an orgainzation can achieve in isolation. It calls for
a collective undertaking with all round' cooperation, unqualified
commitment, full-fledged coordination and concerted action.
Moreover developing medicinal plants based industry in the state
will fulfil many socially and economically desirable goals.

1

: R E E E R E N C

Information provided in the following publica
tions h'-’ve been - ■; used, sometime verbatim, in preparing this
text - :
Annonymous 1975 Underexploited tropical plants with promising
economic value. U.S. National Academy of Sciences
Washington D.C..
Annonymous 1977- World Health, The magazine of the ^orld Health
Orgainzation Nov.1977 issue.
Annonymous 1982. Markets for selected medicinal plants and their
derivatives- International Trade Centre
UNCTAD/GATT
Ayensu, E .S . 1979- plants for medicinal uses with special refer
ence to arid zones . Office of Biological
conservation, Smithsonian Institution, Washington
C.
D.
20560
Dalal, K.0. 1980 P tential of medicinal plants in Gujarat-^heeIs
Publication of Industrial Extension Bureau.
Jure 1980 issue .
Gunaratne, V.T.H.1980 Voyage towards health. Tata Ucgraw-Eill
Publishing Company Limited, New DelhiUdupa, E. N. 1985 Ayurveda for the service of common man.Paper
presented at the Asian Eonferenc.e on Traditional
Asian Medicine, Bombay 6-9 March, 1985, sponsored
by Indian Association for the 8tud,y of Traditional
Asian Medicine .
Wagner, H and Wolff, P. 1977(ed) New natural products and plant
drugs with pharmacological,biological or thera
peutic activity.

Ce^ert

em

2-3/to [ <2'if

.DRA ~ I O'to

yxivioAivi, HoLKO-lfi-a/a*iji. manaya district. Karnataka State.
"MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR USE"

HERBAL PLANTS
SI. No.

Disease

Resource person.
Ms. P.K.VIMALA
Botanical Name

1.

JAUNDICE

PHYLLATHUS NIRURI - KIRUNELLI.
Take 3 plants along with roots and wash
it properly. Grind the same into marble:
like ball and take it with boiled goat
milk, early morning empty stomach-3 day:

2.

Head-ache.

LEUCAS ASPERA- THUMBE
a.Grind only the leaves and apply in
sides of head.
b.Grind sandalwood and apply in foreheac

3.

JOINT PAINS

gXEKBXaRXXS CALATROPIS GIGANTICA (ERUKU)
If it is broken a kind of milk comes
out. Apply that on the leg or hand.

One handful of green gauva leaves
(Seebe or Perakka)+ 10 black pepper
+ half glass/cup of coriander + 5 dry
chillies boil it and drink as soup
3 times before food.
Coriander=Dhania,Kothamari Beeja)
Take half tea-spoon pepper powder and
put it in one glass of warm milk and
drink it early morning every day till
you get relief.
Boil and inhale the following together.
(Thulsi+Eucaliptius+Neem+Coriander
4-Borage (Doddipatra) +Negundam.

4.

FEVER

5.

THROAT PAIN

6.

SYnus Cold & Fever

7

Caugh, Asthma,
Stomach Cancer

SOLANUM TRILOBATUM (Mullumushtta)51eaves
onion+Garlic+Pepper each 5 numbers +
add coconut oil dry it add coconut and
make chatni. This can be taken along
with food.

8.

DIARRHOEA

Re hydration solution.

Simple Diarrhoea

Preparation;- One Glass boiled and
cooled water + 1 pinch of (3 fingers)
salt-5-1 teaspoon(one scoop or 4 fingers)
sugar + 4 drops of lime juice. Drink
it soon after every motion.
Black MYROBALLAN - ARALEKAI (Katukka)
One teaspoon full of Aralakkai powder
with one glass of warm s water-Stir
it and drink.
b. Drink one coconut water and one lime.

a*

b. Bacillery dysentry
(Mucus) Kabha.

c. One glass of rice water + one pinch
of salt.

d. Put one spoon of arrowroot (Kuwa)
powder in boiled water and cool it
and drink.
Glucose is released very slowly.
c* DYSENTRY
(Loose motion+Mucus+blood.

d.Ameobic dysentry

Grind Mango Seeds and paste it. Give
one tea spoon full early morning 5 days
Older people can get this disease.
One glass of goat milk +■ Lemon Juice.
Early morning empty stomach-5days.

b. 10 to 15 pearls of garlic dry and eat it*

Bettie nuts (one handful)+ 5 betfie
leaves and put it in half litre of
water, boil it make it quarter litre
and drink everyday empty stomac^jntd

2

2

10.

FRESH CUT

TRIDEX - Make Juice and rub.

11.

SCORPIAN 3ITE
(THELU)

Tamarind + equal lime -make a marble and
keep it in the biting area.

12.

MIGRAINE HEADACHE

2 pepper + 2 pearls of garlic . Crush and
boil, pure the juice 3 days in the opposit
ear.
b. Half Glass of Castor oil + Half glass
of lime juice-boil and put it on the
head at night and sleep.

Quarter
c.
spoon

cup drumstick juice + Half tea
Camphor, mix and put on head.

13.

URINERY INFECTION

ELAKKI+NELLIKKA(GOOSEBERRY), make Kashayadrink half cup early morning - 4 days.

14.

RING WORM

Half handful of Thulasi + Half teasppon
salt. Crush and rub.

15.

Tenia Vercicolor
Grind one handful raddish seedst half lime
(White patches)
make juice and rub.
Bilichippu,Chunanghu,
CamPhor +half
c. 4teddis-h—seeds—grind—and—a pply-( rub

16.

Nailpug Infection
Whitelow

Grind cooked rice with salt and apply it
in the area, tie it 3 days.

17.

White discharges

Gooseberry(Nellikka) put it into honey
(2months)- After two months use daily one
in the early morning.

18.

Piles

Banian tree tender leaues+turmericjtpsMex
powder+Salt. Grind it and make marbles.
Eat it early morning 4 days.

19.

Gum infection

Burn mango leavds and brush the teeth with
that ash.
b.Tamarind + Salt - Rub teeth daily.

20.

Joint pain

1 cup of Garlic (Vellulli) + 1 cup of gi^0
+1 cup of chillies (crush them)+l cup of
any oil. Boil it and apply in the paining
areas over the body. Put a pappaya leaf
on it and ± tie it.

(kneepain)

7

MEDICINAL PLANTS

There are at present many systems of healing
prevalent in India. Allopathy was introduced by Britishers,
while- Unani was brought to the country by the Muslim rulers.
Homeopathy is the latest introduction in our country. All
other systems have their roots in Ayurveda which inspite of neglect
still caters to the needs of over 80% population of India, mostly
living in rural areas.

In the vcdic period, it was believed that physical body
is made of five bhootas (Materials) like Soorya (sun), Dharti
(Earth), Akash (Sky), Vayu (Wind) and Ann (Cereals or food) and
with their help the body can be cured of diseases also. But,
according to later theories compiled in Samhitas, there are three
Doshas, seven Dhatus and three Maias (Total 13), which cause
diseases.
According to Ayurvedia equilibrium of humours brings
health, while disequilibrium causes disease.
In the pre-historic
period sun rays, water, soil etc. were used to bring this
equilibrium (Naturopaths still adopt it), but later"herbs,
fermentation products and minerals were used to bring back the
equilibrium.
Some of the herbs, which are either grown in kitchen
garden or stocked at home as part of household remedies are:
Coriandrum sativum
Curcuma longa
Pimpinella anisum
Zingiber officinalis

—
-

Dhania
Haldi
Saonf
Adrak

As all these are free of any toxic matter, they can
be used safely or rather are being used with good results from
time immemorial.
Drugs used in indigenous systems of medicine (/Ayurvedic
Shidha and Unani) are classified as under :

(a) Drugs of plant origin-which the list of such
drugs is very long.
Acorus c alamus
Adhatodo vasica
Papaver somniferum
P. longum
RauvoIfi a serpentina

- Bach
- Vasaca
- Afim
- Piplamol
- Sarpgandha

(b) Drugs of animal origin
Moschus maschiferus
Internal shell of
molusc s Senia sp.

- Kasturi
(
| Samudra phen.

and Login sp.

)

: 2 :
(c) Drugs of mineral origin

- Lauha Ehasma
- Swarna Phasma

Calcined Iron
Reduced gold

”'hile the same herbs may find use in Allopathy as well
as Ayurvedic and Unani (A and Uj systems of medicine but there
is essential difference in the processing of drugs.
In Allopathy, usually the single active principle is
extracted, which is then administered orally or in injection form
in standardised dosage. In A and U systems mostly the whole
drug or its extract is administered.

Some of the medicinal plants studied are noted below ;
(1) Acorus Calamus (Pach J

The part used in rhisome. In a dose of 0.5 mg/ml
it inhibits the growth of g -ve organisms. It is useful against
bed 'ugs, moths etc. Thus^it is a safe household insect protectant

(2') Adhatoda Vasica

Malabar nut tree. The leaves and roots are used. It
is used as.an expectorant, and the steam distilled leaves possess
anthelmintic properties. The active principle is the alkaloid
vascicine. Juice or decoction taken from 15-30 g of leaves.
Syrup is made as follows :
Juice of leaves
Sugar

-

Lona pepper

-

ISO a fi

Ghee

-

ISOgjj

4 kg }
1 kg |

Coil ano reduce to
l~^'ic^ess’*en cool
add 10 g. honev (dose:
15-20 g. J

✓
Recommenced Reading

Chemical and Merical formulary of India 1930 - p. 503

"DR A - I 0 . |

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agu 22

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7 addo

1996

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abort.

7 tadado

1996

aju 23

Zosadiodod

coda

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sasia

cal

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sjes 24

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7 ZsdoSO

1996

ds’cdaadidda, carta ridartdded. dodd

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qnds* a^tdtd dddtdrt dtadeb. 1962
do ij^sruti urotus ddsroddO, dzmobod
adtro6 doddjFnaoroateroh rfedod.

1962Bod 1966dddrt diaSsBodC,

adtro^

xrarreriS ddoiod d^d daw^d,

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1996

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1996

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7 zssiESO

1996

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.

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*
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djseadddje."

*

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"d^di."

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deads, ^?;,.a_!"

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SIMPLE

HE R,B AL

REMEDIES.

CDUGHiFrom the treatement point of view cough may be divided
into two groups.
1-Dry cough or cough without expectoration or phlegm.
2.
Cough with expectoration or phlegm.
Dry cough£

Symptoms: Dry and frequent cough.Pain the chest,head,abdomen
. chestand
sides. Burning sensation or suffocation in
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dryness
mouth,thirst,
bitter
taste,and
the
the main symptoms.
hoarseness, in the

T reatement:
Treatement
the threat.
Ip White
sugar
candy

2)
equal

3

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kept

the

lubrication

in mouth and

of

sucked

15ml of fresh juice of vasa is to be taken with horn
quantity thrice a day for five days for adults.
Children below the age of 5 years of age to be given 8 ml
with equal amont of honey thrice daily for five days .
Keep the root of

liquorice

4
Children below 5 years:
quantity
of
honey
to
be
three days.

Children
the above dosage.

in the mouth and go

5 ml of ginger
given
three

on

equal
with
day

between 5-12 years of age to be

given

double

COUGH WITH EXPECTORATION:

PP
Individual
expectorates
thick
phlegm
in
large
quantities.
Mouth remains almost coated with phlegm
and
feels
1ethargic,headache,1 oss of appetite and heaviness in the body.
TREATMENT
IS
ml
of ginger juice with equal
quantity
of
honey
thrice daily for five days for adults. Half of the above dose
to
children for twice a day for seven days.

2.
quantities
days . ..

of

Fresh
leajle,? juice
of
vasa
15
ml
with
equal
hot water an-d honey taken thrice daily
for
five

Children to be given half the above

dose.

3. Take a handful of black thulsi leaves and thoroughly
wash
with
water. Put the leaves into boil water and
cover
the
glass. After five minutes squeeze the leaves into the water,
add
two
teaspoonful
of honey and give it to
drink.
Prepare
fresh

juice everytime. Administer three times a day for five days
dosehfor adults.
Children upto five years given half the dose and
five years quarter of the doje.

pain

COLD:
Sneezing, heaviness in the head,
stiffness
in the body, and running nose are symptoms of cold.

this
below

and

Treatment :
Avoid exposure to cold wind,
avoid
taking
cold food stuffs, sour fruits, and avoid cold bath on the head.
/< In
case
of running nose, inhale
fumes
from
burning
turmeric
powder.
This will encourage a
copious
discharge
and
would shortly provide relief.
Five
grams of garlic and equal quantities
of
jaggery
mixed together and taken at bed time reduces cold in adults.
3- Five
grams of ginger fried in ghee taken twice
a
day
for adults. Children half the adult dose.
Add
ten grams of ginger into a glass water(120
ml)and
boil for 15 minutes and reduce the water to half(60 ml) and drink
in
two to three divided doses. Along with little jaggery
to
be
taken three to five days during an attack of cold.

the

DIARRHOEA: Diarrhoea is a disease in which
individuals passes loose stools more than five times

in a day.

TREATMENT: Roast ten grams of cumin seeds and ten
grams of dry ginger powder and mix it thoroughly.
Mix two teaspoonful of this powder in a litre of butter
milk
and
give it frequently as and when the
stools
have
been
passed.
5,. Take
equal parts of kurchi root bark and dalchini
and
jamun
seed kernel
and fruit pulp of bilva and make
the
powder.
Administer
one to five grams with buttermilk or hot water
three
times a day for two days.
J.'Take- powder
of nutmeg(1 gram) along
with
powder
of
jeera in lime water three times a day for a day.

DYSENTRY: Individua1,passes frequent stools with
blood.Occasinally there will be gripping pain and
swelling of anus.
TREATEMENT:Powde r of fruit pulp of bilwa 3 to 6 gm
with jaggery is given three times a day.
Dried bark of pomergranate fruit is powdered and given in
15
to
30 grams with honey or buttermilk four times
a
day
for
three days. This is adult dose. For children upto 12 years of age
and above 5 years of age to be given half the above dose.

Children below 5 years

given

1/4th of the adult

dose.

BODY PAIN: Is a symptom in many diseases. It may be a symptom
in
fevers,
cold
and/or after heavy work or strain or
long
travel
also may cause body pain.
/. General body or muscular pain needs rest and relaxation.

TREATMENT:
Heat 50 ml of oil and add 25 gram of camphor and
see
the
camphor disolves in oil. After cooling store it in a
bottle
with tight lid. Apply the oil over the body and do gentle massage
and give hot water fermentation for ten minutes. (Note: This
oil
is only for external use).
Alternatively
take
hot
water bath and
cover
with
warm
cloth and sleep for half an hour.
Immerse
15
to 20 leaves of Eucalyptus in a bucket
of
hot
water
and cover and leave for ten minutes. Then have
bath
with
that water. It relieves body ache.
Body
pain
is
associated with other
problem
or
diseases
consult
a
physician
and
those
problems
should
be
treated
accordingly.
FfcVER:
Fever is characterised by elevation of body
temperature,
loss of perspi ration and varying degree of pain in the body.
TREATMENT:
Dried powder of chiraita in ten grams three
times
a
day for five days along with warm water.
For
children add 40 grams of powder in 160 ml of water
and
boiled till the water is reduced to 1/4th(40ml) divide this
into
four
equal doses and add honey and administer four times
a
day
for five days.
£.< Take equal parts of neem bark, dry draksha(raisin)and ginger.
Add four parts of water and boil till the quantity of
water
is
reduced to one fourth. Administer this in four divided
doses
for five days. Half of the dose for children.

6

6 .. /WORMS:
Symptoms:Loss
of
appetiVe,
loose
motions,
pain
in
the
abdomen,
fever,
disco 1ourt&tion
of
the
skin,
lassitude
and
giddiness.
TREATMENT:1.
A paste prepared from, seed
of
palasha(latin:Butea
Frondosa,
flame
of
the
forest) Five to
ten
grams
taken
in
buttermilk once a day at bedtime. This is only for adults.
2.
Dried seed powder of papaya is administered in 8-15 grams
dose
at bedtime for three consecutive days with hot water, again
to be given for three days after 15 days.
Children (5 to 1E years) to be given half the adult dose.

.

SKIN DISEASES:
SCABIES:
Numerous
boils
with discharge,
itching
and
burning
sensation particularly between fingers, thighs and buttocks.
TREATMENT:1.Isolation of affected person
2. Boiling the clothes in water and drying
3.
Apply a paste prepared from neem leaves and turmeric
on
the affected part, leave for one hour and wash with water.
4.
Prepareoil from the decoction of
Karavira
root (Nerium
indicum)
and
apply
on
the affected part.
This
is
only
for
external use.
5.
Prepare decoction from neem bark and give in 15 ml
dose
twice a day for seven days to.children from 5 to 12 years of age.
(Note: Decoction one part of bark to four parts of water and
reduced to 1/4th)

ACNE: Application of nutmeg
problem.

(£)

'KuK'WA-'i c

paste

Or-

on the acne helps

r\

in

curing

the

Avoid oily,

fried,

Keep regular

bowel

cocoa,

coffee and spicy food.

movements.

RINGWORM:Take
turmeric^ powdered from rhizome mix with water
take two teaspoon three times a day for seven days.
Prepare
a
paste fr'pm ringworm
plantfcassia
foetida)
apply on the affected part for seven days.
?•

o
'

/o.

and

and

CUTS
AND
WOUNDS?
Fresh
cuts and wounds
to
be
cleaned
with
antiseptic lotion and wimped thoroughly.
1. On cuts apply turmeric powder and tie a bandage
2. Campher is mixed with cow’s ghee and applied on the wounds.
3.
Take out the soft part of AloeCAloe vera, Kattrazai)
and
apply on the wound and tie a bandage.
ULOECORRHOEA
:
Passing of sticky, tenacious, frothy
whitish
or
yeTlowish
discharge from the vagina with bodyache and
pain
the
wa ist region.
a
TREATMENT? Local hygiene is very important.
>
.
"
2. Cleaning of the vulva with 1 uKE-warm wate r. Q
J
Note? Always find the cause of the problem and treat
accordingly
as there are many causes to Leucorrhoea.
3.
Take Harithaki(Harda) powder in 5 gm with honey twice
a
day for seven days to be given orally.
4.
Make
a paste out of ripe Bilva fruit with
Jaggery
and
give in 10-15 grams for 14 days twice daily.

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T)p_A- - io -IS

/r
INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL IXDICINE
-

jcoeph CK^Cr

Human body is composed of some matter as that of this universe.

Though we

can subject it to chemical analysis we cannot recreate it by a chemical

synthesis.

The body and its functions are very complex.

There is an

arrangement which goes beyond the matter that runs and controls the functions

of the body.

The balance in this arrangement of the biological functions

of the body is health and the imbalance is illness.

Each system

This balance is differently seen by different medical systems.
leans on a philosophy and works on a thesis based on its vision,

Ayurveda puts three basic principles - Vatha, Pitha and ixapha.

for example,
On this

philosophy of triple principle it builds up its method of diagnosis and
treatment, i.e.,

finding out the causes of imbalance and means to correct it.

In India we have many workable system of treatment, in use. Allopathy,
Homeopathy, Ayurveda, Unani, etc

Allopathy which assumed the name of modern medicine has a method of diagnosis
and therapy.

surgery.

It has also adopted a lot from the sciences of psychiatry and

But in practice people feel its vision is far too mechanical.

It

may seem that it is not the human person that is affected, but different parts
of his body and it can be cured part by part or damaged parts may be removed
and replaced even ignoring the psychiatric knowledge it has developed.
islack of logic in practice.

There

But it has become (The medicine) due to

several reasons.

Herbal Pledicine may not be called a system, but surely it is ths most ancient

form of treatment for human maladies as old as human illness.

When man found

that he was not well, he had wounds, burns, insect bites etc., he naturally
turned around to look for relief.

Ho first found the herbs and applied them.

There the experience and experiment started.

This experience was stored and

transmitted from generation to generation.

A lot of it was lost and much of it

was stolen and kept by the Drug Companies.

But something is still preserved

:nd practiced

Now we draw from their valuable store.

J

o

Learning about herbs :
There is no magic herbal formula for all ills, this herb for that disease
Thera is no use in learning such a way either.

To treat a disease one

£

should be able to diagnose the diseases and its causes,(under whatever
system it may be) and decide a treatment.

Then there is selection of the

herb, the variety of it, fix tho dosage etc.

Tho medicine should bo easily

available,

../2

5
5

tn

□

2
It is very important to start with the plants we have in our neighbourhood

and learn their uses.

For this we have to start learning from tho ignorant,

village people, grandmothers, dais and people who roam about with magic and

medicine.

Those informations arc very useful, but we should not blindly follow

them but also check it with other informations, the knowledge ute got from books,
our own experience etc.

Collection of plants
Some plants we can easily locate.
Some we can easily get.

For example a neen tree in the village.

Onion and garlic for instance , some are easily found

in the vegetable and flower garden, drumsticks nnd hibiscus.

Out for the most

part we should identify the plants in places they grow and preserve them from

all their enemies including man.

For the modern man whichever plant is not commercially important is "weed".

Tho Forest department keeps a few species of timber trees like teak, rose-wood
etc.. and destroys the whole flora calling it 'jungle wood' and it systematically
plants Eucalyptus instead.

The farmers also grow foodcrops what the

industrialists buy, coffee, tea, rubber, pepper etc,which has a demand in the

market.

All the rest is destroyed as 'weeds', to perfect tho plant slaughter end

make it easy for the industrialists supply.

'Weedicides' the use of which is

eventual 'suicide' for the human generation.
The town planners have the idea of 'garden cities' and they beautify their

avenues with selected flowering plants.

What happens to the hundreds ano

thousands of plants, especially the small and the annual plants, creepers

growing under the shades and by the. riversides?

These are not oven preserved

in the botanical gardens.

Cnee we had the plants in the villages and any ordinary person would know their
names.

Now the habitat of the plants is destroyed with all its progeny.

Together with the plants the knowledge the common man has the valuable treasure

gathered and accumulated by his ancestors is stolen from him.
in books research reports of the drug Industry.
herb and the knowledge.

It now remains

So we have to regain both the

We have to locate, identify the plants and cultivate

them, rr-learning their uses and rc-educating the village folk.

We have so

far told them all that they knew mas magic and superstitions and foolishness and

only our tablets we.ro the correct medicine.

We gave these so lavishly so

that they could use them for their common ailments even when they wcre

perfectly well.

Ths medicinal plants cultivated are said to be less

effective, may be because they lost their natural habitat and consequently
the natural nutrients and now takp in a lot of man made pollutive materials.

But we have no alternative.

.../3

3
Together with herbs there arc a lot of other things which are
traditionally used as medicine,for example - salt, honey etc.
These are what the housewife can find in the kitchan garden make
home remedies which will serve as first aid in every case and
for ordinary ailments it can serve as a perfect nature cure. It
should be the aim of the health worker to equip every housewife
with the knowledge sufficient to care for family and the neighbours
without running to the drug store for every little heacache.

The following passage is taken from - FEELING GOOD WITH NATLRZ'.L
REMEDIES, by Terry Willard, H.Sc., MH, CI, Wild Rose College of
Natural Healing, Canada.
Herbal Philosophy: The energy of herbs.

Aq important thing to learn about herbs is- they are not lust groups
or chemcials, but have individual personalities just as people do.
Understanding this personalities probably the most significant thing
a Herbalist can do, and is the key to how the herbs work.
Looking
back into th history of herbcl’.gy vie sec that the essence cf the
herb's personality was of great importance.
Going bad: in history we find medicine using herbs as a means of
treating all sorts of ailments. They had little or no comprehension
of what chemicals were in the various plants or how the body
functions. These medicine people understood the essence or
personality of the herbs to aid them in healing. We don't have
to look very far for reference to this.
Just a short period of
100 - 150 years ago the Indians of North imierica used this as the
major method of healing. They believed that the spirit of the
herb fought a battle with the sickness and if it was stronger it
would win and the patient would make a successful recovery.
This essence (pars- nality) of the plant is the non-physical
attribute and is just as important as the chemical make-up. Most
people today consider this idle superstitjGn but looking at it
a bit more seriously we might find a grain of truth in it. After
all I think that most of us would agree that humans are not just
physical bodies. Vie have emotions, abstract mental concepts
spiritual feelings, as well ;s the physicial needs, desires,
functions and ma1-functions of the body.
If we have a variety of
aspects making up our personalities, why then should we believe that
herbs are strictly physical without some form of unseen energy?

This energy called 'Vital Energy' (by modern herbalists) is just
as important to them as is the chemical make-up of the herb. What
is this 'Vital Energy1?
VITAL ENERGY,

Medicine can take many approaches. The western medical philospphy
has generally taken a scientific view towards health. For the
most part doctors take an almost mechanical approach.
Tf we have
a broken arm they easily fix it.
If there is a ijissing chemical
in a biochemical pathway, they can replace it or make a suitable
piece to fo.x to it.
If there is a force acting against your body
such as a virus or an unhealthy bacteria, doctors can usually
create a stronger force in the opposite direction against this
intruding force. Cnc must admit that cur medical professionals are
gcodmcchanics and we must not underestimate the use, of this
mechanical knowledge. Modern medicine has cured many people of many
diseases. Unfortunately those methods can have a shot gun effect

.. . 4/

4
■ i’vv.' ?. -otroy many useful bacteria and are sometimes over a long
period more harmful^than beneficial. On the other hand if vic look at
European herbolcgy, American Indian medicine, East Indian medicine
and oriental medicine, they all have a com on underlyong philosophy
considering the energy that flov/s through the body. This energy is
called in many different things such as - life force, chi, prans, or
(as the herbalists call it) vital energy.
It is the purpose of
non-allopathic medicine to keep this energy flowing correctly
through the body as if the flow is improper, to return it to its
natural path. The herbalists feel that disease is caused by stagnant
or incorrectly direc ted energy due to some energy blockage. The
herbalists role is not so much to attack a disease, but to maintain
the natural flox; of vital energy. The energy itself will ri,d the

body of disease, to handle a certain amount of waste, xo fign
disease in our bodies, we can dump in all kinds of c .ericals, to
rake the environment unlivable for the intruder. We can, as an
alternative, inplug the system and get the energy flowing again.
As in the case of rivers, if these energy pathways are not
obstructed and no wastes are put into them, the job of cleaning is
not as taxing and the energy can then be used to support life.
Thus our job is net to try to -.ill diseases in our bodies. Our
job is to keep the diseases in our bodies^ Our job is to '’■cep the
body free of energy obstruction so the natural vital energy flows
through out the body, selecting, disintegrating, obsorbing,
assimilating, and converting food stuffs.
In other words, we don't
try to ta e on the role of trying to cure diseases, we merely
assist the vital energy to flow in an unobstructed way.
Herbs in this sense, arc not really considered medicines. They arc
Just specialised foods which holo vita’ energy flew being somewhat
selective in where their energy is directed. Ti
■,.ona?ity of
t' j herb will be attra.te' to certain an areas o the bodv similar
to di_ ..rrent types of people associating in ' like-r.iinded' grcv.T .
V r example, Jupiter berries have a Bpersonality' that strongly
influences the kidneys. This vital energy is just one part of a
modern herbalist's understanding of how herbs ’work. To understand

the chemical interactions the herbs have on the human physiological
mechanism is just as significant. Most herbalists feel that one
is fairly ineffective without the other. The 'vital' energy of
herb is what makes it work. For something to work in a live
biological system it has to have life energy. Herbs, with their
own life essence, work in harmony with tie biological systems to
enact healing.

A pharmaceutical will copy the chemical nake up of a herb, but it
can only work by overpowering the system, 'stealing' some of the
body's life energy (as it has none of its ojd) . Pharmaceuticals
are usually used when the body needs this life energy the most.
In a medical crisis, for example, the pharmaceutical power and fast
action of the chemicals are necessary. Of course, there may arise
some side effects that have to be dealt with, but usually they can
be oest balanced out by herbal treatment later.
For che everyday non-crisis health problems, herbals have along
proven history of cure. After all ■ ost of the herbals we are
dealinu. with have been tested on millions of people over thousands
of years. Their methods of use have been very thoroughly studied.

5

MODERN JIERBAL PHILOSOPHY-VITAL JISduY
Vital energy is the flow of enerigy through one's body. This can
be likened to a river that gets unnaturally clogged or dar-ed,
stopping the nor^f.l flow of t .e energy. The river forms a stagnant
pool which as I’m sure you've all seen, breeds abundant algae and
insects in a swampy condition.
There are two very different ways to get rid of such things as
nosquito larvae, abundant algae and other undesirables;
1. The way I was told in higji school to get rid of mosquito larvae
was to pour oil on the water so they couldn’t breathe. You can
also dunp poisons into the water to make the environment
unberable for these organises. Of course this also destroys
nest other life-supporting functions in the pond .
2.

The other way is to work on dislodging the obstruction doming
the river. This lets the river flow and clean itself naturally.

Our bodies are quire similar to this river . Disease is the blocking
of the natural vital energy that flows through our bod/. Let us say
that atleast sore of these energy streams are the acupuncture
linos in the body. When the energy is flowing properly along those
path ways, it naturally keeps the body clean, just as the river
does. Like a river, the bodily encr.'gy flow.
MEDICI IE. AND SCUD

Hypocrates said "let your food be your medicine and your r-ec.icino
be your food", Most medicines are administered- orally. Herbs
induce a natural healing by correcting the imbalance effected in
the human body by sore reason or other. Evon in healing a wound
this is tree. Admitting the power of the medicine we take we have
to admit also the power of whatever else is consumed. There is a
lack of lo£±c iti the advise of r physician who tells you -"No
diet, cat whatever you like". He considers a s--a.ll tablet ho
prescribes powerful and stomach!ull of other things jus.t 'neutral'
To-ether with treatment goes r correct food habit. If we know
that the present fodid habit of a patient is not correct, atluast
we would correct if for the tine being. This we call diet. This
means the supportive fouu is used and those not supportive
avoided.

Herbal Medicine, Propai a.tipn and ad;-inis trot ion
The herbalists follow as a rule this simple principle. "Ono
disease one Medicine". but there are also ferrules where several
medicines are nixed together. Medicines arc in a formol work
like a group of people. If they have team spirit they r-ix well
and rake a wonderful perform-nee. But if they are inactive or if
chey clash, the -c-rk is rendered difficult. The principle of
single herbal medicine works well by ‘lelpin,., the body to
revitalize its functions in a uniform direction. A forj-ula of
different medicines can help better by accelerating this process
or can work in different directions and help different functions
simultaneously. But for this we have to rely upon proven
formulas. Otherwise we may not £ot the desired eff.ct, or con
run the risk of a olas-. of effects.

«« « “™™ITY "-'"f r-tv

6

In administering the medicine several methods ate used. The
ayurvedic terminology of practises and a short description is
gi/en below.
a. For orp.l adyiinistratiqn
1. Swarasa. (juice)- The whole apart plant or part is slashed
thoroughly and the juice is extracted by squeezing it out. This
is one of the most suitable because most of the contents ate
present in the original form. But it may not be possible always due
to the nature of the staff and unpalatable taste etc.
2. Quath a. (boiled) The medicine is just boiled in water. The
volatile oils and vapourous materials are obtained to some extent.
Quick dissolving end aromatic medicines are less used in this
form.
3. Ka.shaya (decoction) Not only boiled but thoroughly cooked and
the extract reduced and made into concentrate.(usually reduced to
1/3) while a good amount of the substance, is obtained a considerable
port is lost in the process.

4. .{{hole plant paste., well smashed and ground taken either as portion
or swallowed as balls.
5. C ho or nar _(powder) The medicine is dried and ground into powder
and taken in with, or without a medium.

.. uulika. .(pills) The medicines are well ground and rolled into
pills and preserved. Usually administered in a medium
7. uehiam (semi-solid) Decoctions arc .preserved together with
other ingredients in a base of jaggery and honey

8. Arishtam - Decoctions fermented and preserved in a liquid form
in a iiqaxdxfcm jaggery base.
»

urithar- Decoctions together with other ingredients preserved
in a ghee base
b. External Application :
9.

A

Lqp.am: (poultice) The medicine is ground and used as
poultice paste etc.for external application in a. medium
2. Thailum : Mfcdicinal extracts a.nd pastes prepared in oil and
used for application on hand, body, wounds etc.
3. Kizhi(fomented balls) Medicinal leaves etc. are made in to balls
in clean cloth while fomenting, it is heated in steam, oil,
pan, etc. and applied.
4. Dh ar?:(shower) The medicine is made in to paste and mixed in a
medicine and is gently poured on the effected part of the body
for a continuous period of time.
5. Nasyam: (drops)dripped in to eyes, cars and nostrills.
1.

In the above processes most of the medicines can be prepared and
administered.
There are also other forms but are too complicated end need
special techniques and experience.

/////

- 10-/G
*

,

kg_ /’ajv^ I//ULUaacL
Fceling Good With Natural Remedies

HERBAL PHILOSOPHY: The Energy of Herbs
An important thing to learn about herbs is: they are not just groups of chemicals, but have individual
personalities just as people do. Understanding this personality is probably the most significant thing
a Herbalist can do, and is the key to how the herbs work. Looking back into the history of herbology
we see that the essence of the herbs' personality was of great importance.

Going back in history we find medicine women using herbs as a means of treating all sorts of ailments.
They had little or no comprehension of what chemicals were in the various plants or of how the body
functions. These medicine people understood the essence or personality of the herbs, and they called
on the spirit of the herbs to aid them in healing. We don't have to look very far for reference to this;
just a short 100 - 150 years ago the Indians of North America used this as the major method of healing.
They believed that the spirit of the herb fought a battle with the sickness and if it was stronger it would
win and the patient would make a successful recovery.
This essence (personality) of the plant is the non-physical attribute and is just as important as the chemical
make-up.

Most people today consider this idle superstition, but looking at it a bit more seriously we might find
a grain of truth in it. After all, 1 think that most of us would agree that humans are not just physical
bodies. We have emotions, abstract mental concepts, spiritual feelings, as well as the physical needs.
desires, functions and malfunctions of the body. If we have a variety of aspects making up our per
sonalities, why then should we believe that herbs are strictly physical without some form of unseen energy?
This energy, called “Vital Energy" (by modern herbalists), is just as important to them as is the chemical
makeup of the herb. What is this "Vital Energy'?

Medicine can take many approaches. The western medical philosophy has generally taken a scientific
view towards health. For the most part doctors take an almost mechanical approach. If you have a
broken arm, they can easily fix it. If there is a missing chemical in a biochemical pathway, they can
replace it or make a suitable piece to fit in. If there is a force acting against your body, such as a virus
or an unhealthy bacteria, doctors can usually create a stronger force in the opposite direction against
this intruding force. One must admit that our medical professionals are good mechanics, and we must
not underestimate the use of this mechanical knowledge. Modern medicine has cured many people
of many diseases. Unfortunately, these methods can have a shotgun effect and may destroy many useful
bacteria and arc.sometimes, over a long period, more harmful than beneficial.

On the other hand, if we look al European herbology, American Indian medicine, East Indian medicine
and Oriental medicine, they all have a common underlying philosophy: consider the energy that flows
through the body.
This energy is called many different things such as the life force, chi, prana, or (as the herbalists call
ill vital energy. It is the purpose of non-allopalhic medicine to keep this energy flowing correctly through
the body or, if the flow is improper, to return it to its natural path. The Herbalist feels that disease
is caused by stagnant or incorrectly directed energy due Io some energy blockage. The herbalists role
is not so much Io allack a disease, but to maintain the natural flow of vital energy 'Hie energy itself
will rid the body of disease.

COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
47/1, (F irst FloorJSt. Marks Road
BANGALORE - 560 001

VITAL ENERGY

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

Modem Herbal Philosophy; vital Energy
Vital Energy is the flow of energy through one's body. This can be likened to a river that gets unnatural
ly clogged or dammed, stopping the normal flow of its energy. The river forms a stagnant pool which,
as I’m sure you've all seen, breeds abundant algae and insects in a swampy condition.
There are two very different ways to get rid of such things as mosquito larvae, abundant algae and
other undesirables:
1. The way I was told in high school to get rid of mosquito larvae was to pour oil on the water so
they couldn't breathe. You can also dump poisons into the water to make the environment unbearable
for these organisms. Of course this also destroys most other life-supporting functions in the pond.

2. The other way is to work on dislodging the obstruction damming the river. This lets the river flow
and clean itself naturally.

Our bodies are quite similar to this river. Disease is the blocking of the natural vital energy that flows
through our body. Let us say that at least some of these energy streams are the acupuncture lines in
the body. When the energy is flowing properly along these pathways, it naturally keeps the body clean,
just as the river does. Like a river, the bodily energy flow can handle a certain amount of waste.
To fight disease in our bodies, we can dump in all kinds of chemicals to make the environment unliveable
for the intruder. We can, as an alternative, unplug the system and get the energy flowing again. As
in the case of rivers, if these energy pathways are not obstructed and no wastes are put into them,
the job of cleaning is not as taxing and the energy can then be used to support life.

Thus, our job is not to try to kill disease in our bodies. Our job is to keep the body free of energy obstruction
so the natural vital energy flows throughout the body selecting, disintegrating, absorbing, assimilating
and converting foodstuffs. In other words, we don't try to take on the role of trying to cure diseases:
we merely assist the vital energy in our bodies to flow in an unobstructed way.
Herbs, in this sense, are not really considered medicines. They are just specialized foods which help
vital energy flow, being somewhat selective in where their energy is directed. The 'personality' of the
herb will be attracted to certain areas of the body similar to different types of people associating in
like-minded' groups. For example, Juniper Berries have a ’personality' that strongly influences the kidneys.

This “Vital Energy is just one part of a modern herbalist's understanding of how herbs work. To understand
the chemical interactions the herbs have on the human physiological mechanism is just as significant.
Most herbalists feel that one is fairly ineffective without the other. The 'Vital Energy” of the herb is
what makes it work. For something to work in a live biological system it has to have life energy. Herbs,
with their own life essence, work in harmony with the biological system to enact healing.

A pharmaceutical will copy the chemical makeup of a herb, but it can only work by overpowering
the system, stealing' some of the body's life energy (as it has none of its own). Pharmaceuticals are usually
used when the body needs this life energy the most. In a medical crisis, for example, the pharmaceutical's
power and fast action of the chemical are necessary. Of course, there may arise some side effects that
have to be dealt with, but usually they can be best balanced out by herbal treatment later.

For the everyday non - crisis health problems, herbals have a long proven history of cure. After all,
most ot the herbals we are dealing with have been tested on millions of people over thousands of years.
1 heir methods ol use have been very thoroughly studied

- 4 -

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

The Ecology of Energy
The ecology of the energy that we use in our body, and for that matter, any biological system, is impor
tant to understand. We don't really eat because it tastes good or because it looks nice! The main reason
for eating is to take energy into our body. All the food we eat is really little packets of energy that we
use to animate ourselves, think or even read this page. We are a big nutritional factory that processes
foodstuffs to give us energy, at least on the biological level. I eat an apple because it looks good, tastes
good but more specifically because I need the energy it gives me. This energy is the Vital or biological
energy that is in the food. Where does this energy come from?

The major energy source of our solar system is the sun, of course, and that is where our energy originates.
Some 93 million miles away, the sun acts as a very efficient nuclear reactor, and produces untold amounts
of energy. The plane t Earth is fortunate in that it has developed a system for capturing this solar energy.
In Fig. 1.1 (Page 6| we have a summary of the whole process.

The Sun shines upon our planet where plants have the capability of capturing some ot this energy.
thus putting the energy into the biological system (Fig 1.2). Plants are the only biological system that
can capture this solar energy to be used by the rest of the biological systems on this planet. One can
easily see that the plant kingdom has a very important responsibility in being the sole collector ot biological
energy for our planet. It is also easy to sec that the plant kingdom takes this responsibility very seri
ously, as plants seem completely dedicated to their job and the sun! If I have a potted plant in my win
dow it will bend towards the sun. If 1 turn the plant around it will switch its direction again orienting
itself toward the sun. Of course it is impossible for us to consider what a plant might feel, but this level
of complete dedication to the sun that the plants give almost seems like they feel' that the sun is their
God. Could this be why some ancient human cultures conceived of.the Sun as their God?

- 5 -

THE^ECOLOGY

Fig.

1■1

OF

ENERG^

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

Looking at the situation a bit closer we can see what happens on a molecular level (Fig 1.3). When
the Solar energy hits a chlorophyll molecule in the green parts of the plant the Magnesium (Mg) atoms'
electrons are excited. In our simplified diagram of the Magnesium atom (lug 1.3 &• 1 4) we see that
the orbital of the electron has expanded. We could make this anology to a person jumping for joy when
something very exciting is happening. The plant in its complete dedication to the Sun seems to get very’
excited (or at least its Mg molecules do!) when the radiation of the Sun shines upon it. This whole pro
cess is very simplified but is of the utmost importance, because this excitation of Magnesium represents
the entrance of solar energy into the Earth's biological system. All other organisms live off this energy.
Can we say then that the primary source of biological energy on our planet is the dedication that the
plants have to the Sun? (Some Alchemists believe Grat this is a good model to look at. If complete dedication
is given to one's God, then all the energy necessary for existence will be given back.)

H - C - 0“

HO- C - H

This'excited'energy is passed onto other molecules, such as ATP and NADPH2, for short - time storage
in the plant cell (Fig 1.4). We can consider them solar batteries, and in my diagram I have signified
diem as a "Durasol Solar Battery” (the solar-topped battery). This Solar energy, now converted to Biological
energy is available to do work in the organism or to be stored in the form of nutrients such as a simple
sugar called glucose. The basic energy manufacturing process of nature occurs through a series of chemical
reactions, one of the best being "the Krebs Cycle". If we now take two units of working energy and

- 7 -

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies
put it into the Krebs Cycle, with this basic stored energy, we get 38 units of working energy out on
the other side of the reaction! This energy can be used elsewhere to make raw chemicals into various
nutrients for the plant such as Glycosides, Alkaloids, Vitamins and many other nutrients. The key point
here is that it takes the excited energy of the original solar energy, being passed along the system, to
activate these molecules. All of these biologically made nutrients have their molecules made up of excited
electrons, energy from the original solar excitement of the Magnesium molecule. Chemicals are basically
shells that carry energy. We survive on biological energy. 1 have to eat living organisms with biological
energy to survive. If this were not true my lower jaw would be different, being more like a bulldozer
for scooping up dirt, thus getting all of the minerals needed for my body. The plants do this for me;
they pull the minerals out of the ground, filling them with live biological energy so that 1 can use them.
Since my primary need for eating is to obtain this biological energy, 1 eat plants or organisms that eat plants.

Fig

' 5

To gain its energy a herbivore eats plants and a carnivore eats herbivores. (Fig 1.6 & 1.7) To get our
energy we can eat from any of these groups, as we are of a higher group. (Fig 1.8) It is interesting to
note that any waste materials, either in the form of excrement or parts not completely eaten, at recycled
via the micro-organisms. This compost makes it very much easier on the plants because now they do
not have to convert all nutrients into biologically usable forms, since some nutrients absorbed from
the soil are already in this form, and only need to get charged up.
Now what does all of this have to do with feeling good with natural remedies'.’

It is easy to see that to keep our solar batteries charged we need biological energy. What is most dis-ease,
but a lack of proper biological energy? When 1 am sick 1 need certain types of nutrients to help heal
me. These nutrients are really chemicals that are shells specific to my energy needs. Since I am looking
more for the energy contained in the chemical than the shell itself 1 want the chemical with the best
type of energy available, biological energy. 1 will normally be better served with chemicals that come
from the biological realm.

- 8 -

‘ 'V / ■

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

Fig.

1 7

Along comes Man (Fig 1.9) with his isolated views of the universe and looks at the problem to make
a "better" way. Looking at the way a plant makes a chemical that has traditionally been used for a cer
tain health problem, man realizes he can make it cheaper and faster, therefore making profits for himself
and his company. The big problem is that the scientist didn't realize that there is much more to plants
and man than just chemicals. Man cannot live by chemicals alone. The only way that these chemicals
can work in a biological system is to be activated by biological energy. Synthetic chemicals have to
take the energy from the biological system they are in. These synthetic chemicals, which might be useful
in crisis medicine, don't really have a place in our day to day life.

These synthetic chemicals, because of their lack of Biological energy, have to be taken in fairly large
quantities to work. Synthetic chemicals work like a bulldozer pushing chemicals down certain biochemical
pathways. Since there are often side branches to these pathways a person often gets side effects from
(hem. Herbs, on the other hand, have the Biological energy already in them, so the same quantity of
chemical is not needed to achieve the job. This has a threefold benefit:

1.

Because the biological energy in the herb is in "harmony” with the biological needs of the body the
herbal chemical most often goes down the right pathway without side effects.

2.

We don't have the possibilities of as many side effects because of the lower quantity of chemical

3.

Biological energy is given to the body during this process, not taken as in the case of the synthetic
chemical.

These benefits are not without any drawbacks though. Herbal energy takes much longer to form its
benefit. Herbals are just not as fast as synthetic chemicals. This is why a smart Herbalist will often
surrender to a practitioner of synthetic chemicals in a crisis situation and then will try to clean up the
side effects later.
A consumer (Fig 1.10) has to make aware decisions of how to best help themselves and their family
in disease situations; to be able to decide between the synthetic way and the natural way. That is what
this book is about - Feeling Good with Natural Remedies.

There is still another major question to answer about herbs and that is: In what form is it best to take herbs'?

- 9 -

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

Fig.

1 10

METHOD OF HERBAL PREPARATION

The essence of a herb can be best obtained in the usable form of a menstruum. The most common
menstruums are water, alcohol and apper cider vinegar.

Different common methods for the preparation of Herbs

Herbs have traditionally been available in four forms: teas (infusions], capsules/tablets, fluid extract
and tinctures. Each form has its own advantage. Teas are valuable because the medicinal ingredient
of the herb are in solution (menstruum), thereby allowing efficient absorption of the active ingredients
Capsules, on the other hand, are very convenient. They can be taken anytime and anywhere, and becaus
the herb is encapsulated, its often unpalatable taste is shielded. Fluid extracts and tinctures are valuabl
because they are the most potent form of the herb. They also store for long periods of time, and because
of their strength, small doses are as effective as larger doses of the same herb in another form.

However, each of these forms has its disadvantages. Medicinal teas are often unpalatable and inconve
nient, requiring special preparation: therefore, people do not take them as often as they should. Caf
sulated crude herbs, in spite of their remarkable convenience, are hard to digest because the activ
ingredients of the herb are entrapped within cellulose cages with no menstruum to release the essence
Only an optimally functioning digestive system (something we seldom see) can fully release them. Fluii
extracts and tinctures taste, in a word, terrible and are messy. If they are not handled with cautior
stained clothes are often the result. Also, with teas, fluid extracts, and tinctures, part of the herb anc
consequently, part of its value is missing. As in the making of a tea, we leave the bag and drink th
tea, tinctures and fluid extracts throw away the bulk herb after extraction.

- 10 -

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

The Quadgyric Method
The QUADGYRIC METHOD is special. It combines all the advantages of the above four forms and
yet eliminates all of their disadvantages. By PRE-INFUSING the herbs in special solutions (menstruums)
in an advanced manufacturing technique, it liberates the active ingredients of the herbs from their cellulose
entrapment. They are then redeposited on their original cellulose base. This is similar to making a tea
but keeping the base that was used in the first place. You get the whole herb and nothing but the herb,
with its essence activated.

CRUDE HERB

QUADGYRIC

WHY THE QUADGYRIC METHOD IS SUPERIOR
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS ARE IN A READILY ABSORBABLE FORM.
THE VALUE OF THE ENTIRE HERB IS RETAINED.
THE ESSENCE OF THE HERB IS IN AN ACTIVATED FORM BECAUSE IT WAS RELEASED
BY A MENSTRUUM.
IT IS PALATABLE.
IT IS CONVENIENT.

In the following section I have listed the formulas that are available in quadgyric form.

vQ_ /^C

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c< (p-fo^y’GKv^—

VYrUx&d*2-- •

£ovC fr<2_ 6<*;teZ<<£^

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rx

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G^6^<~

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<5>\<^U&(Z®Ac>v,

(P^^-z^

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Cu r~) rV^C2.xK4^_

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^Vv'Cr'|2rt;x-^6--^?

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Man from his very existence on earth has faced illness and

ill-health, pain and inability of the body to perform its func
He sought to understand his own body and its functioning,
J
and tried to correct some way when he thought something ha^' gone

tions.

According to the different perceptions of health and

wrong.

illness by different people, there had b^on different

roaches

to cure maladies and to promote health.
Human body is composed of the same matter as that of the
We can subject it to chemical analysis and can separa

universe.

te the elements.

But so far, we have not been able to re-create

it by a chemical synthesis.

complex.

The body and its functions are very

In the material body there is an immaterial arrangement^

which goes beyond the matter, runs through it, and controls

functions of the body with a master mind.
ciple.

the

This is the life prin

The balance of this arrangement of the biological funct

ions of the body is health and the imbalance is illness.
This balance is differently seen by different medical systems
o

Each system leans on a philosophy and works with a thesis based £n

its vision.

Major systems have just taken it for granted.

example, Ayurveda puts three basic principles, vatha, pitha

kapha in the body; the balance of

For

and

which is health andthe imbala-

nee'j is- illness.
iKe-

On h^e philosophy of the triple pri nciple^ Ayurveda builds up

its method of diagnosis and t ya t me nt - ie, finding out the causes

of imbalance and suggesting ways and means to correct^ it. This
system has been in existence in India from time immemorial. At

present in India we have many workable systems of treatment^
dr

Allopathy, Ayurveda, Unani, Sidjha, Homeopathy. . .etc.
e,

J

>n

tst Cs»->-r->nn

Co

lOozfea...

-2-

Allopathy which has assumed the name of "Modern Medicine",

has its method of diagnosis and therapy. But people feel that

in practice its vision of(human body is f^r too mechanicaL.lt
may seem that it is not the human person that is affected but
different parts of the body, and health may be achieved part

by part, or by replaving effected parts, even ignoring the know-

L

©L.

ledge iVi physical^which it^ has developed.

There is a lack of

logic in practice. Yet Allopathy has became "the scientific
medicine^ due to several reasons.

We do not attempts a critici

It

sm of Allopathy or an evalution of its merits and demerits.

is not the system that is at fault, but the commercialisation
and profiteering which has entered into it.

It has became much

more with the introduction of costly machines and technology in

diagnosis and surgery.

Ayurveda and other systems also are

slowly falling into the strong grip of selfish profit-seekers

and we painfully see the altrui^stic foundations of health shaking

making ip less useful to people.
Herbal Medicine ;-

Herbal Medicine need not be called a system.

It is the

most ancient and the most natural form of treatment.

say it is as old a^human existence on earth.

We can

When man found

that he was not feeling well, when he suffered wounds, burns

insect

bites injuries from thorns^ accidents and attacks from

animals, he naturally turned around and looked for relief. He

found plants around him and applied them in different ways-inter-

nally and externally.

Some of them worked and

cured him.

Here

the great knowledge started, with experimen^ with the trial and

error method, experience and knowledge were gathered.

Itiwad

stored andjpassed on to pM? posterity, transmitted from genera
tion

to generation.

Different systems have taken origin and

developed from this rich commorn store.

The tribals and indi-

-3-

-genous people had their

rich

treasure of knowledge, a lot of

which is lost and gone into oblivion because of disuse.
it is stolen and is being used by the

drug industry.

Much of
Still

there is a good lot of information traditionally transmitted and
used

by the people.

They say, in India 80% of the rural popu

lation first try herbal medicine and traditional treatment.

With

the increashg disenchantment of the 'mysterioud magic' of modern

medicine, even in the west there is growing discontent and conse
quent return to the natural forms of treatment.

Many of the

n o

young doctors of Europe and America are keejzf £n knowing the
natural forms of treatment and are doing reserch on them, mostly

in the Eastern countries and

especially in the tribal cultures

about their health practices.
Learning Herbal Medicine :

Learning herbal medicine has two parts.

First being able to

recognise the medicinal plant and identify it correctly.

Second

acquire the knowledge of the medicinal properties of the plants,
get the skills in prepatting and administrating them. Together
with this one should have learned the skills to diagnose the
disease(under whatever system it may be).

A loving concern for

the suffering fellowrnen is presupposed, of course. Then only,
one can# attempt to try herbal medicine.

There is no magic

herbal formula for all ills, "this herbas for t hat "disease". The
selection of the herb is according to the diagnosis of the disease

and ^according to the availability of the suitable plant. Locally

avaijable and easily applicable herb.^s are to be preffered. Then
comes the decision on the dosage and the method of preparation
and application.

The term 'Herbal1 indicated plant ongin.

But some materials

which are traditionally used as medicine are of animal origi np

-4-

milk and honey for example^' Some others are of mineral origin-,

/

salt for example. These may be correctly called traditional^

/

medicine, but in practice herbal medicine and traditional medi

cine is considered the same.
Learn From the People :

To learn herbal or traditional medicine we have to start
from theipeople.

/

The natural forms of medicine presuppose people

and their communities,

Z-

^t cannot|brought to sophisticates' insti-

tutions without compromising on its very soul and life.

This is

why many re^erch|on herbal medicine fail to bring desired results.

They start with the thought-background of a sophisticated health
culture and a network of industry and hospitals, whereas herbal

medicine is home-confined and person oriented.
Learning herbal mediche is learning from the 'ignorant1, so

to say. Village people, elders, grandmothers, people who go around

with magic and medicine-all give us valuable information.

Before

using these informations]should also check them/with other sources

2

•4

,

tjae knowledge we—have gathered from books, ourjown experience etc.

One should never experiment/a doubtful remedy on people any way.

/

-

£

Availability of Medicinal Plants:

<L-

Though we are in danger of losing valuable mediciahl plants

and urgent attention is needed in that matter,each geographical

,

area has its plants and people have learned their properties.jto

be acquainted with the paints people commonly use in a particular

<—

which we know and have succesfully used for some tZ"'

<-

area, implant

treatment may not be available in a given area, but surely there

will be

some other plant

We may not be

able

used

there for^

the some purpose.

to grow all plants we need in our garden or

courtyard. Think of [.people who live^ in rented houses or apart
ments. But even they can locate plants and make them available

for use

Once we start learning and using herbs we will also

-5automatically locate where we can geth them.

Herbs in Danger;
Many of the very useful plants mentioned in the ancient books
of medicine are not available now.
tion of a plant species only if

We can know about the extinc

we had the knowledge about it./,

According to the botanical survey of India 410 planji species which

we knew of->are not known to exist now.

•

A

There are 1500 other plants

H

which arethreatened, tfiany of them are medicinal and used for

treatment.

India with its different geographical and climatical

conditions, is a rich paradises of vegetation.

Out of the plants

and trees about 2000 species are used for treatment among different
ethnic groups

(we have 541 ethnic groups in India they say). Many

of these are mentioned in Ayurvedic books. About 200 species are

highly in demand among the drug companies because of their high

potential in pharmaceuticals. Even the drug companies of other
countries use Indian medicinal plants as raw material.

So our

forest with the rich mediciial wealth is fast depledting because of
A-

~~

the feckless exploitation ^/‘organised plunderers. The correct

and

complete list of threatened plants and the extent of the danger

is not available to us.

But it is estimated that more than 200

species widely used in medicine are threatened because of exploi

tation.

Most member of plants of 'ashta varga1 and some plants amo-

ng the 'dasa moola'

and

9 a.

(ten roots), Aswagents (Vitania somnitera)

sarpagandhi (Kavolbia serpentima) are among them.

Anyway,

exploitation from the part of the manufacturers and carelessness
and inattention from the Government and lack of concern from the

side of the

general public will see the death of the glamour and

glory of traditional medicine.

The names of the plants will

remain in the books of medicine and the glorious tales of

success in the history books.

its

z

'( s

4

-6There are natural causes like draught, flood,
wild-fire, etc., ^cursing the destruction

land slide

ofj/plants.

feckless

cutting of the forests, collecting plants before the flowering

season and uprooting them for roots without preyi-ng-^possibility

for the next generation of plants ^directly destroy them.

Indirec-

-

ily they are destroyed by making more demands on land for agricul

ture, housin^roads and industry.

Invasion of foreign weeds like

parthenium destroy tender local plants.

The tendency

c

of f armours

and planters for monoculture of commercial crops is a real menace.
The much propagated social forest,^ry has te-ryied/to be very much
anti-people and anti-floral.

The forest department selects a few

spfcies of trees like Teak, Euc^alvptus, Mahogany etc. for timber

and Ailanthus and Bombax malabarieum for soft wood.

All other

trees are condemned to destruction under the caption of "JTungle

wood", which can be eliminated and need not be preserved.

Whatever

the industrial^ do not need is 'weed1.

flff
Money should not beyonly motiv_e of trie people and the poldy

makers.

The industrialists provide/attractive market for some

particular crop which is currently in demand.
crops is neglected.

Cultivatj_on of food

This is all the more deplorable when we

understand that the . Government directly or through semi-Government

corporations compel the farmers not only for monoculture of a
particular crop but also the elimination of all other species from

c

thelarms and plantations.

$

For example, the Rubber board does not

any tree other than rubber in the rubber estate/.

allow

More over,

it is particular that only a specific kind of leguminous plant should
be cultivated as under growth.

This is enforced by the grant of a

subsidy or the penality of mon^'recognition.

It ends up in the

e

systematic elimination of the nu^’merous small plants and creepers

which naturally grow in the soil.
I'X

We may even say that the Govern-

ment i^ some way bring the farmers for eliminating the local flora

<:

-7-

and propagating foreign trees and plants/less useful and sometimes
even harmful, the motive behind which is hard to understand. The

farmer is given a false impression tnat only the commercial cro-

s-

'C

ps ar© worth cultivating and all the rest are wieeds and h^ince

should be destroyed.

L-

/ Lt
C-

The use of chemical weedicides, supplied

■

again by the drug companies ensure the destruction of thousands
of tender plants.

Those unaffected by it again are only the

plants tne industrialists want.

The plant-slaughter by weedicide

will end up in a real suicide of the human generation because
of the elimination of benefical medicinal herbs, which were frien

dly and familiar to him.

The motivation of agriculture/ policies should be more basic.

But immediate return is the atraction for cash crops.

We are really
o-i e.
at a less to see that organisations Ike the World Bank on the/side L-

0,

clamour against deforestation of forests and plant wealth, and

L

the same time finance and pro^gate programmes which virtually

c—

eliminate forests and medicinal plants.

One fails to understand

why fruit bearing local trees like jack'ltree or mango tree are

not included in social foresthry)ahd why trees like Euchfali|ptus,

(—

Acja^ia etc are promoted.

(-

People at large should be copious of

the danger of thes& anti-people programmes and at the samt time

should comyforward with practical programmes by promoting and

propagating useful trees and plants positively by planting them.
This could be done in our avenue tree planthg, flower gardening,

L

city beautification, waste-land development, camp^us shade

i-~

planning etc.

Plants Disappear and Knowledge go -Forgotten;

The Knowledge and

plants grow together.

The presence of

{•/

a tree prompts one to ask "when- are the uses of the tree ? Any
ordinary person would know tueir uses.

The answer is practical

-8-

and people make use of the tree.

If the tree is not available^;

even if there is information in the books-jit is not made use of.

It xs used by the pharmac.uCtical industry only
Knowledge and Self-reliance.

It is true that there are ignorant people and there are
But to think that all

magicians, quicks and witchdoctors.

traditional practices are superstitiouttfe and foolishness is going
JV'-fc iffMAO-te’Qxj

too far.

jBut some times

such a stand.

modern medical professional take

We should at least admit that however faulty the

people) some wa^ had a workable solution fc)r their health needs.

It was due to their self-confidence.

c

They had something to

offer 'a-jt' any situation even through it might not have been the -i£?one.

Now the people have nothing to offer and what tXe' modern

medicine offers is unafforadable to them. The people have lost
A

their d'elf-confidence in handling even small health problems.
By not. ujing they)lost the knowledge of medicinal plants.even

though the plants are still there.

So we learn herbal medicine •

to re-educate the village people what they have forgetten.
far we told them their medicine is no good and

So

their practices

were bad, superstitious or foolish and only our tablets were the
correct medicine.

They were as indiscreet in using these, as we

-a-jre indiscreet in supplying them.

Any way, propagation of kno

wledge and cultivation of plants will to a great extent ran- eli

minate the tablets.

Collection and Growing.

Many herbs grow wild in our garden. Mimosa pudica (touch
me not) for example.

Just do not destroy them.

When seeding and

clearing is necessary leave£ some of them in a corner. Banyan
ttee_and Jamun tree grow on the road side; know and note where

£

-9-

they are so that

we can get hold of them or direct others when we
4

<a0O5^-ke>^-

a

need tnem. Tamannt and gpesbtfry/Amala) may be in your compound,
keep them for their fruits. Drumstick,plant^pn and papaya grow in ■

the backyard where we drain

waste water and dump trhe garbage.

kgep also a couple of them for medicinal use.
Hibiscus are in your flower

Jasmine,

and

^se

'iri^to account they are also

%

medicinal. Pomegranate and guava are among the fruit trees grown
at hornet Realise also the\jj medicinal properties.

Podina, Aloe vera

and Brahmi may be gro^iSa your hanging flower pots, make good use

of them. T$ulsi may be just on your door stop, give it a place of
honour at home. Plant a few rtLzomes in the garden or at least in

zJ<e flower pots.

Ginger, turmeric and comteriagalaja.

ash-gtfbutid and dondekai do spread on tp roof. All these

for purposes other than medicine
provide you with a free pharmacy.

Allow an
you keep

when you need medicine they

They take care of you when you

are ill and add to your joy when you are well.

Gathering-Drying and Storing

The herbalists have a culture of collecting plants and plant

produce^ at certain seasons of the year or/certain times of the day.
A

This was

ofte^ scorned and ridjfliculed by modern medical practi-®

tioners.

But studies and researches in several Universities have

established the scientific valued and reasons

the same.

It is

just enough^ to note that the fruits and roots reach their maturity

at a certain ^eason of the year and the content of starch, oil or

alehaloid, on which the power <5f healing of the plant depend, is
1.
7
highest at that time.
It also makes a difference wb^-n a plant is
in heavy sunshine or in total darkness.

So there is reason behind

collecting a certain plant durng the day or at night.
and observation are to be done in this matter.

More study

-10-

Gafcher fruits and nuts in their season, then you get
them in plenty and have good selection.

them. Never dry leaves o£ flowers

Dry them and store

direct sun^they lose a

good amount of their medicinal property. Rhizomes like ginger or
turmeric may be exposed to direct sunlight.

When you dry roots

wahh them first and cut into slices so that you can use them
GV

rightjway.

If you soak the dry roots for cleaning a considerable

part of the medicinal property may be lost.

Do not take rotten

or diseased part^of the plant. Once well driecjppack them in dry
galas jars. Labal the jars indicating dates.

{k

Stored roots,

nuts

-td

and rjizomes may be exposed to, sun once ma while if you keep
them for long.

Dioeard fungus hit^ leaves and folwers should be

d^stayed.

When you buy the herbal medrtine from a native medicine shop
buy only claan stuff.

C.

Che^k the colour, fragrance and flavour.

Ettore them as above. Put the date of purchase on the label.

Fruit may be kept in the form of syrup or wine for use
■fp-

in|off Season.

But you should be careful not to add too much

of chemical preservatives in it. Some fruits may be preserved

in dry form also

Together with herbs there are a lot of other things
which are traditionally used as medicine, for example

-

salt, honey etc. These^are what the housewife can find

in the kitchen garden/make home remedies which will serve
,

L

as first aid in every case.a-nd- sho/uld be the aim of

the

health worker to equip every housewife with the knowledge
sufficient to cfare for^family and the neighbours without

running to the drug store for every little headache.

HERBAL PHILOSOPHY ; The

of Herbs.

An important thing to learn about herbs is £ they
are not just groups or chemicals, but have individual per-

sonalities just as people do.

3- e.

Understanding th.^ persona-

i

litjfisj-Probably the most significant thing a herbalist can

do, and is the key to how the herbs work.
to the history of herbology we aee

Looking back in

that the essence

of

the

herb's personality was of great importance. This esse

nce

(personality) of thyplant is the non-physical attribu

te and^is just as importajt as the chemical make-up.

Most

people today consider this idle superstition but looking
at it a bit more seriously we might find a grain of truth

in it.

After all I think that most of us would agree

that humans are not just physical bodies.

We have emo

tions, abstract mental concepts^spiritual feelings, as

well as

physical needs, desires, functions and mal-fu-

nctions of- the body.

If we have a variety of aspects

making up our personalities, why them should we believe
that herbs a.r^/strictly physical without some feym of

unseen energy ?
This energy called 'Vital Energy' (by modern herbalis

ts) is just as important to them as

up the herb,

is the chemical make

what is this 'Vital Energy' ?.

-12-

VITAL ENERGY

Medicine can take many approaches.

The western me

dical philosophy has generally taken a scientific view
towards health.

For the most part doctors taken an al

most mechanical approach.
easily fix it.

If we have

a broken arm they

If there is a missing chemical in a bio

chemical pathway, they can replace it or make a suitable

piece to fix to it.

If there is a force acting against

your body such as a virus or an unhealthy bacteria, doctors
ce
can usually ^jrreate a stronger force in the spposit^ direction
against this intruding force.

One

must admit that our

medical professionals are goodGiechanics and we must not

under estimate the^ use, of this mechanical knowledge.

Modern medicine has cured many people of many diseases.
Unfortunately these methods can have a shot gun affect and

may destry many useful bacteria and are sometimes over a
long period^ ha rmful than beneficial.

On the other hand if

we look at European herbology, American Indian medicine,

East Indian medicine, and oriental medicine, they all have

a common underlying philosophy
flows through the body.

energy that

This energy is called

many

different things such as - life force, chi, pran^ or^as the

herbalists call it^^vital energy.

It is the purpose of

nob-allopathic medicine to keep this energy flowing co
rrectly through the body^a-s if the fiow is improper, to

return it to its natural path.

The herbalists feel that

disease is caused by stagnant or incorrectly directed
e. Ko
energy dujr Gj-t some energy blockage. The herbalists role is
not so much to attack a disease, but to maintain the natu
ral flow of vital energy.

The energy itself will rid the

body of disease, Ln-eur bodieS', W? can

dump in all kinds of

chemicals 1 to make the environment unlivable for the

-137
intruder.

We can, as an alternative, inplug the system

and get the energy flowing again.

As in the case

of

rivers, if these energy pathways are not obstructed and

no wasted are put into them, the job of cleaning

is

not as taxing and the energy can then be used to support

life.
Thus our job is not try to kill diseases in our bode

ies.

Our job is to keep the body free of energy obstruc

tion

so the natural vital energy flows through out the .

body, selecting food stuffs.

In other words, we don't

try to take on the role of trying to cure diseases, we
merely assist the vital energy to flow in an unobstru

cted way.
Herbs in this sense, are not/really considered medi-

ches.

They are just specialised foods which help vital e

energy flow being somewhat selective in where their ener
gy is directed. The persoaality of the herb will be attra
ctive to certain an areas of the body^ similar to different

types of people associating in ' like,minded ' grou^

For

example, jupiper berries have a 'personality' that stro
ngly influences the kidneys.

This vital energy is just

one part of a modern herbalists understanding of how
herbs work.

To understand the chemical interactions the

herb^s have on the human physiological mechanism is just

as significant.

Most herbalists feel that one is fairly

infective without the other.

is what makes -it work.

The 'vital' energy of herbs

For something to work in ai live

biological system it has to have life energy.

Herbs,/ with

their own life essence, work in harmony with the biological

systems to enact healing.

A paPJrmaceutical will copy the chemical makeup of a
herb, but it can only work by overpowering the system

'stealing' some of the body's life energy(as the drug^
has none of its own). Bharmaceuticals are usually used
when the body needs this life energy the most.

a

In

A

medical crisis, fo^ example, the p ha mace ui tic al power

Of cou

and fast action of the chemicals are necessary.

rse, there may arise some side effects thatjhave to

be

dealt with, but usually they can be best balanced

out

by herbal treatment later.

For the everday 'non-crisis health problems', herbae
Is have a^long proven history of cure.

After all

aost of

the herbals we are dealing with havejbeen tested on millio

ns of people over thousands of years.

Their methods

ot

use have been very thoroughly studied.
("FEELING GOOD WITH NATURAL REMEDIES!.* by Terry Willard,

M.Sc., MH,CI, Wild Rose College of Natural Healing,Canada)

MODERN HERBAL PHILOSOPHY - VITAL ENERGY

Vital energy is the flow of energy through one's body.

This can be likened to a riven that gets unnaturally do
ssed or dammed, stopping the normal flow of the energy.

The river forms a stagnant pool which as I'm sure you've

all seen, breed/ abundant alage and insects^in a swampy
condition.
There are two very different ways J get rid of such

things as mosguitoi larvae, abundant algae and other un
desirable]: 1'

1.

.

The way wis told in high school to get rd of mosquito

larvae?was to pour oil on the water so they couldn't breet he .4'You can also dump poisons into the wqter to make

the environment unbearable for these organisms.
this also destroys

in the pond.'

Of course

most other life-supporting functions

-15-

2.

The other way is to work on dislodging the obstruction

damming the river.

This lets the river flow and clean

itself naturally.

Our bodies are qui£e similar to this river.

Disease

is the blocking of the natural vital energy that flows

through^ our body. ' Let us say that atjleast some of these

A

energy l.treams are the acupuncture

lines in the body.

When the energy is flowing properly along these path ways^
it naturally keeps the body clean, just as the river does.
Like a river, the bodily energy flow/.

MEDICINE AND FOOD

Hypiocrates said "let your food be your medicine and

your medicine be your food".
ered orally.

Herbs induce a natural healing by correcting
in the human body by some reason

the imbalance effected

or other.

IS

Most medicines are adminite

Even in healig a wou^nd^this is true. Admitting

Cl r>c
the power of the medithe- we take^we have to admit also the

power of whatever else is consumed.

There is a lack

of

logic in the advice of ^physician who tells you - "No diet.,

He conAderefd as small tablet he

pat whatever you like".
a

dS

o

1.

pre scribes, powerful and) s^machfull of bther things just
1 neutral

habit.

together with treatment goes a correct food
If we know that the present food habits of a pat^fe
S Ao l J ci

is not correct, at least

we wo^-Ls correct it for the
Tp>Jr

r,

base be'djg. This we call^diet.

This means -t-pe supportive x

food is used^fehd thosenot supportive javoided.

Herbal Medicine^ Preparation and Administration.

The herbalists follow as a rule this simple principled
"One disease one Medicine?^.

But there are ales formulas

s’

where several medicine^ are mixed together.
in a formal work like a group of people.

Medicines are

If they have •'

-16-

team spirit they mix well and make a wonderful performance.

But if they are inactive or if they clash, the work^
rendered difficult.

is

The principle of single herbal medic

ine work well by helping the body to revitalize its funct

ions in a uniform direction.

A formula of different

medicines can help bett^er by accelerating this process

or can work in different directions and help different

functions simuifeaneously.

But for this we have to rely

upon6proven'; run the risk of a clash of effects.

In administrating the medicine several methods are
used.

The ayurvedic terminology of practises and a short

discription is given below.
a

For_oral administration.

1.

Swarasa (juice) The whole

plant or|part is smash

ed thoroughly and the juice is extracted by squeezing it

out. This is one of the most suitably because most of the
contents are present in the original form. But it may not

be possible always due to the nature of the st^ff and

anpjlatable taste etc.
2.

Quatha (boiled) The medicine is just boiled in water.

The volatile oils and ^apourous materials are obtained to

some extent.

Quick dissolving and aromatic medicines are

less used inn this form.

3.

Kashaya (decoction) Not only boiled but thoroughly

cooked and the extract reduced and tpade into concentrate.

(usually reduced to 1/3) While a good amount of the sub
stance,. is obtai ned a considerable part is lost in the
process.
4. Whole Plant Paste. Well smashed and ground taken

either

as portion or swallowed as balls

-17-

5.

Choornam (powder). The medicine is dried and ground ib

to powder and taken in with or without a medium.
6.

Gulika (pills)

The medicines ar@ well ground and roll

ed into pills and preserved. Usually adminstered in a used

medium.
7.

Lehi am (semi-solid) Deceptions are preserved together

with other ingredients in a base of jaggery and honey
8.

Arishtam - Decdjtions fermented and preserved in a

liquid form in a jaggery base.

9.

Grit ham - Decojtions together with other ingredients

preserved in a ghee base.

b. External Application

Lepan (Poultice) The medicine is ground and used as
poultice paste etc. for external application in a medium

2.

Thailum : Medicinal extracts and pastes prepared in oil

and used for application on hand, body, wounds etc.
3.

Kizhi (formenting balls) Medicinal leaves jtc. are

made in to balls 'irptlean clothjjjhile fomenting it is

heated in steam, oil, pan, etc. and applied.
3.

Dhara (shower) The medicine is made in to paste and

mixed in a medium and is gently poured on the affected
parts of the body for a continuous period of time.
p

5. Nasyam (drops) Dropped into eyes, ears and nostrilZs.

In the above process most of the medicines can be
prepared and administered.

There are also other forms but are too complicated

and need special techniques and experience.

- IB-

SOME PRECTICAL HERBAL REMEDIES

1. Head ache :

a. Apjbly dry ginger paste on the temples, b. Smear

us oil and also inhale.

Rub with a drop of Lemjn

graces oil mixed with coconut oil or cast®.

d. Press the

temples with fingers. Try also what is mentioned under No.2.
2. Migraine: a. d^ip a dry turmeric in coconut oil, burn it on a

candle, extinguish the flame, and inhale the smoke.
b. Squeeze a few drops of juice of Biofingrtum Sensitivum
(mukkutti) on the head and smear,

c. Drip a few drops

of

fresh onion juice into the nostrils.
3.

Falling of Hair (Alopecia); a.
and extract

Grind bringaraj

(kaianniam)

its juice, heat it over a light fire with the same

quantity of coconut oil added to it.

Drop 4-6 peppe^’ in it,

when the pepper splits, remove it from fire and preserve it.
and use it on the head.

Of

It helps the growtre hair.

b. Make

the oil of Philanthus- neruri same way and apply.

4.

Dandruff; a. Grind Philantus nerueri (kizhukanelli) plant and

apply it on the head.

Let it stay for about 30 minute^

then wash it clean with gragi flour, b. Cut a lime and apply
6
&
the juice and wadh after 30 minuted, (do not use soap)
5.

Head lice :

Grind Thulsi leaves and apply it on the Head.

Keep some thulasi leaves under the pillow at night.
6.

Pimples : a.

-Grind turmeric and Mehandi (henna)

(mylanchi)

leaves and apply it on the face. b. Make a paste of tender
coconut shell with rose water and apply.

Keep it over night and

wash in the morning with rice water.
7.

Madras eye;

a. Wa^sh with a di^lute solution of Alum. b. Pour

a few drops of the leaf juice of vernanoia eimerea (poovan ku-

runthal) c. Pour a few drops of fresh goat milk or breast milk
in the eyes.

-19-

8.

Catararact : Juice extracted from 'poovarikurunthala and honey
of the smaller variety of bees is mixed and drops put in the
b. Heat juice of Vefnemia Einerea

eyes from time to time.

c. Take the stem juice of Amruth mix it with

part honey

"tX

Rj'

and expose it to|sun,sftr and keep in a bottle. Ilr-i-p a few

drop?

9.

in the eyes.

<

Congestion of Nose : a. Inhale turmeric smoke.
tulsi vapour or Eucjfa la.pt us vapour,

b. Inhale

c. Drip -effew drops of

onion juice in the nostrils.
10.Bleeding nose

(Epistaxis)

: a. Burn dry turmeric add inhale

the smoke.’b. Grip a few drops i salt solution to the nostrils.

11.

Tooth ache : a. Apply the ground garlic,

and

keep under the tooth which aches,

b. Smash1 a clove

c. Dip a small piece

4

cotton in Eucjialiptus oil and keep under the tooth.
12.

Pyorrhoea (pus in the gums)

:

a. Boil two brinjal leaves in

two glasses of water and gargle frequently, b.

Use mango leaf

for brushing the teeth.

13.

Bad odour of the mouth (Halitosis): a.

(kodakan) leaf,

Grind 'Indian-penny-worth1

raw turmeric and pepper. Quantity to be eaten as

big as gooseberry - on an empty stomach, early morning. Drink a
glass of curd also.

b. Chew cor^iandej/, somf, /juice(any one of

these'-) between meals.

14.

Blister and ulcejVjn the mouth (Cane rum oris)
'Areca root decoction'

a. Gargle

: Areca root four ounces, water twenty

ounces,* Boil strain and use.

(puliarila) mix with curd
15.

:

b« Grind oxalis corniculate

(half a glass) twice daily.

Anguld-stomatitis (sides of the mouth breaks):a. Apply honey on
the cuts, and eat a spoonful of honey in the morning and ejlvenigg.

b. Fry the fruit^of Salanum nigrum (Manithakali^ and a teaspoon

ful twice daily,

c. Take 30 Ml. of leaf of the same plant 2 times

daily.
16.

t>
Ear Ache : a. Dip a dry turmeric in vegetable <^il, burn it^put

ofjthe flame and blow the smoke into the ear.

- So
to. cup of a lemon leaf andpour a few dropsof oil. Heat it over
a candle. When Slightly warm drip in the ear.

17.

Running ears : A. Keep pure lemon juice in the sun for about an

hour. Put a few drops in the ear now and then. to. Heat Mudar

calatroplis gigan teas (Eriku) leaf juice with oil and drip a
few drops when

18.

Tonsillitis

o

co^l.

: a. grind fresh turmeric and a pinch of salt and

paint both interior and exterior of the throat, to. Put into

both ears 2-3 drops of juice extracted from
(muyalcheviyan) leaves,

Emilia Somchifolia

c. Make a paste of Emilia somchifolia

and black peper. Apply on the throat.
19.

Cold: a. Drink black tea with lime juice and honey mixed in it.

b. Take

<kH§w

soup prepared with ginger and corriander. c. Drink

15 ml. tulsi leaf juice with sugar 3 time.
20.

it

Ast,ma: a.

r

Make deception of cassicoccidentalis (ponnamtakara)

roots and ^Tl' drink daily, b. Eat a leag each from ’vallipala'

every morning on an empty stomach,

c. Take 30 ml. of leaf juice

of Aadathida varica (adalodakem) with honey 3 times daily.

21.

Mumps : a. Grind fresh turmeric and thulasi leaves and apply in.
on the swelling and on the head.

b. Apply a paste of dry ginger

mixed with lime.
22.

To prevent Mumps

: Grind garlic^f and thulasi leaves, and take

about two*spoon juice.
23.

Measles :

Gfrind neem leaves with a few grains of balck pepper

to be ground and eaten about the size of a gooseberry.

24.

Stomach ulcer, hyper acidty:

a. Grind dry tyrmeric and it with

honey. Make balls to the size of playing marbles.
in the morning,

0

noon and night for 30 days.

b. Take banana pith

a->-\

juice j£n ^empty stomach with or without
25.

Take one each

a.

Dysentry; a. Take 30 leaves of Vinca Rosea (Nithya kalyani) boil

it in two cups of water, for about 20 minutes and take at frequ
ent intervals,

b. Grind Mynistica fragrems-Nutneg (jathica) and

mix with curd. Take 30 ml. 3 times.

- 2126.

Constipation : 30 grams of Vinca-rosea roots boiled in two
glass of water, reduce of one glass drink it.

27.

One tone.

Jaundice : a. Grind tender leaves of castor with a pinch of
M*tfor 3 days.
cumin seeds and take 2 goosberry size^ b. Gooserberry size,
ground Philantus nerueri (kizhkanalli) to be taken for seven

days - once daily,

c.

Grind marble size cenfelk asiatica

(kodakam) mix with 30 ml^ buttermilk and take 3 days.
28.

Piles : Drink a glass of carrot juice in the morning on empty

stomach - with sugar candy.
29.

Urinary troubles : a. Asparagus racemose (shathavari) roots a

table spoon full to be taken daily for three days. b. Take a

few glasses of wetes- the decoction Amaranthus spinosa(Mullan
cheera) daily.

30,

Stone in the Kidney : a. Thinly sliced stem of plantain tree
trunk is kept in water. Squeeze the juice out of it, and drink

it 3-7 times,

b. Boil horse gram and take the decottion

twice daily.
31.

Gonorrhoea : a. Eat daily a tea-spoon of ground naruneendi

root.

b. Grind tribulus terrestris (Nerinjil) take one tea

spoon ful in milk 2 times daily.
32.

S^philis: a. Mullancheera decoction eight glasses every day.

Fat and salt to be avoided.
33.

b. 31 also can be tried.

Saabies ; a. Boil Thulasi leaves and wash with that water.
b. Apply the oil prepare of from hibiscus flowers and coconut

oil. Take hibiscus root decoction internally.
34.

Ring Worm; a. Grind salt and garlic and apply it on the

affected part.

b. Apply the paste of tulasi leaves and

small onion.
35.

Hootj worms / Round worms

: Ripe Pap^>aya seeds to be ground

without water and to be taken a table-spoon full in the
morning on empty stomach.

36.

Thread worms

: Same as above.

- 22Giardiasis / Gas-trouble ;

37.

a. Roasted garlic to be ground

and mixed with butter milk. Drink it frequently, b. Grind

Omam (Ayamodakam) and nut meg. Take 2 gms. pweder in milk
2
38.

times daily.

To burst abcess : Mix chunna (calsium) and honey and apply
b. Grind the leaves of koval mix with

it on the abcess.

fresh butter and apply.
39.

Varicose veins : a. Chew and consume a handful of tamarind
leaves for few days. b. Apply the milk like latex of Madar
Caliatrophis gigenfea (Eriku) with coconut oil on affected

part.
40.

Blood Pressure : a. Five lemon grass leaves to be crushed and

boiled in two lit^-re of water and

drunk frequently,

b. Drink

a g^ass of the decoction of drumstick leaves 3 timed daily.
•A
41. Cuts : a. For minor cuts crush pap^aya leaf, place it over the
cut, bandage it. Don't wet it for three days. t>. Grind touch-

me-not (Mimosa pudica) leaves and bandage, c. Use turmeric

powder and bandage.
42.

Wounds; Slice of a piece of fresh pap^aya skin with its juice,
place it over the wound and bandage it. Try also 41.

43.

Snake bite; a. Give tulasi leaves and pepper to chew.
b. Open# the wound, squeeze out some blood from there. Wash it

with cold water, tie with a thread to lessen blood circulation.
Grind pepper in juice extracted from ' lucas aspera'

(Thumba),

for drinking, grind turmeric and apply on the wound.
44.

For a better suppl^^of breast milk : a. Cook grated coconut

and unripe papgaya along with rice and eat the prepari’ation
as-, ganji.

45.

b. Use plenty of drumstick leaves for baji.

Shampoo ; Grind

well a handful of bindi (Mylanchi) leaves.

Mix it well with the white of an egg and the juice from two

limes. Then apply it on the head.
46.

Tooth powder : a. Kizhukanelli and thulasi leaves are dried

and powered. Mix it with charcoal (of paddy husk) and salt and

use it.

b. Powder mango leaves and mix with a pinch of salt

and pepper powder.

-23-

Flu and Common fever : a. Grind vernonia einerea (Poovankuru-

47.

nnal) with a few grains of pepper and swallow gooseberry size
3

b. Squ^ze the juice of Coleus aromaticus

times daily.

(panikoorka) and take 30 ml. with honey 3 times daily.
48.

Cough: a. Take the leaf juice of Adathoda Varica(Adalodakam)

30 ml with honey or sugar 3 times daily, b. Squeeze the juice

of drumstick leaves and make an omlette jirr'it with a little
pepper and salt. Take onf'every morning.
JI ejj-c-err
49. White dischage (.he-ukoqhoa) : Mix one glass of water and one

gauss of milk. Crush and put one Asparagus root (satavari)^
boil ^reduce to half. Take with sugar for 11 days twice

daily.
50.

Menstrual Problems : a. (pain, scanty flow, delayed periods)
ae_
b c
'JjZficSLSqu^ze the juice of Hi^is^is flowers^take 30 ml^ 2 t-imes- a

day

i

3 days. | b. Soak gingelly (Ellie) in water

and keep

overnight. Eat two tablespoon"fulfe,3 times a day.
51.

Bleeding : Crush the root burk of mango tree and take 100 ml.
of juice add a

little salt

and drink.

Controls bleeding

from any part of the body. Grind Oxalis Corniculata (ffuliya-

rila) and mix in curd and take.
menstrual bleeding.

Controls excessive

Dtf a - io. i $

HERBAL

HEDICIHE

AKD

HOME

REMEDIES

'

INTRODUCTION

The history of medicine is as old as the history of man.

Attempts

at tackling illness and maintaining health have originated at each
hearth and home, becoming an inextricable part of local culture
and way of life.

The earliest trials have been instinctive and revolved around easily

available HOME and HERBAL REMEDIES.
The essential differences in practices between people to people
depends on their tradition and culture. What is remarkable in these

traditions is that certain practices are common to most people, using

the same or similar herbs for specific illnesses

"FOR FAR TOO LONG, TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE AND
'MODERN' MEDICINE HAVE GONE THEIR SEPERATE WAYS IN
MUTUAL ANTIPATHY. YET ARE NOT THEIR GOALS IDENTICAL
.............. TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF MANKIND AND THEREBY

THE DUALITY OF LIFE?

ONLY THE BLINKERED MIND WOULD

ASSUME THAT EACH HAS NOTHING TO LEARN FROM THE OTHER".
- H.MAHLER, formerly Director Genral W.H.O.
The World Health Organisation defines Traditional Medicine as "the

sum total of all the knowledge and practices, whether explicable or
not, used in diagnosis, prevention and elimination of physical,
mental or social imbalance and relying exclusively on practical
experience and observation, handed down from generation to generation,

whether verbally or in writing".
HERBAL MEDICINE AND HOME REMEDIES is one such tradition in India.
The Government of India officially recognises formalised systems of

medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy and

Homoeopathy.

The non-formalized systems like tribal medicine,

herbal and home remedies which have provided the basis, sustenance
and rejuvenation avenues to these systems remain unrecognised because

of their inherent amorphous nature.

.. 2

2
Several of the important and useful medicines we use today come
from plants.

Many of these have now been synthesized, yet it is

in many instances easier, cheaper and with less side-effects to
obtain medicines directly from plants.
THE NEED FOR HERBAL / HOME REMEDIES :
The W.H.O. has resolved to provide Health for All by 2000 A.D.,

and India as a member is committed to this objective.

The need

to use all resources to achieve this is well appreciated.

"THE COUNTRY HAS A LARGE STOCK OF HEALTH MANPOWER....
IN VARIOUS SYSTEMS.

THIS RESOURCE HAS NOT SO FAR

SEEN ADEQUATELY UTILIZED."

- National Health Policy - 198$,
Govt, of India.

According tc "World Drug Situation", less than 30% of the Indian

population has access to Allopathic drugs.

"Inspite of a network

of Primary Health Centres and sub-centres, villages have to depend

upon their traditional healers and healing methods because of their
availability, accessibility, dependability and utility".
healers and their methods are based on herbs!

These

Thus a significant

number of people depend on herbal and home remedies as their only

health resource, or as a substitute for or complement to modern
medicine.

They use it because they regard this as "their" system,

in which they will always have faith and belief.

"Herbal remedies will be with us for a long time.

It is therefore

important to bring the use of these remedies into an existing
framework of rational, scientific use of medicines".
HOLISTIC APPROACH

It is being increasingly understood that illness is not only a
breakdown in biochemical, physical or mental terms.

It is a

disharmony in social, psychological and spiritual areas too.

The

traditional practitioner often depends on his ability to mobilize
patients hopes, restore morale and gain re-acceptance in Society
in addition to the herbs used. This concern with the totality of
human functions in Society raises traditional practices to HOLISM.
3

H.A.I.
C.

is sure that you also recognise this need and

will be helping this endeavour at whatever level and
whichever capacity you are operating in.

Come, let us

join to make health a reality for all together!

iAE INA! 1 ANTS OFDAi r\r/ KANNA ,
de.ra
s«A

et

z5e3 o±> SddeoSj jjd.i’Wo
eo

*Releascd on the 125th Gandhi Jayanthi

‘

6

aim inventory ©e mEmcwL plamts.
£>s3d

i^Ey?>eo±)
SI
No.

Famlly/Scientific
Name

Sources

3

2

1

Uses/Treafment of

4

5

ACANTHACEAE

1

Adalhoda vasica

2

Justicia procumbans

<Sesie;$

Leaves

Asthma, Antihelminfic

Leaves

Fever, Rheumatism

AMARANTHACEAE
3

Achyranthus aspera

Roots.

Asthma, Fever, Snake bite

4

Amaranthns viridis

Leaves

Anemia, Urinary disease

Leaves

Piles, Vomiting

ANACARD1ACEAE
5

Mangifera indica
APOCYNACEAE

6

Alstonia scholaris

uHdeiw

Bark

Diarrhoea

7

Holarrhena antidysenterica

fcuss, Bjsdiri

Seeds

Piles, Diarrhoea

8

Rauwolfia serpentina

Roots

B. P., Snake bite

9

Vinca rosea

All Parts

B. P., Cancer, Sedative

ARACEAE

10

Amorphophalus

Corm

Bleeding Piles

Rhizome

Vomiting, Diarrhoea

ec3d Kort

Leaves

Venerea! diseases

emsjr-u'

Roots

Antihelmintic

US',

All Parts

Cold, Fever, Skin diseases

siisdro, sbnrar ric£

companulatus
11

Acorus calamus

12

Pistia stratiotes

ARISTOLOCHIACEAf-

13

Aristolochic bracteolate

,
O

ASCLEPIADACEAt

14

Calotropis gigantea

15

Hemidesmus indicus

16

Gymnema sybestre

17

Berberis aristata

&oKatjeK

Roots

Urinary & Skin diseases

Leaves

Diabetes

Roots

Malaria, Eye diseases

BERBERIDACEAt
aSocs,, dxkSda>K

Diarrhoea
BIGNONIACEAE
18

Oroxylum indicum

19

Stereospermum sauveolens

20

Canarium strictum

Bark

Stomach disorders, Piles

23212C21, SJSuaJ

Bark

Cough, Fever

OsVdj53j

Roots

Venereal diseases

BURSERACEAL

2

1

4

3

5

CAPPARIDACEAE

21

Capparis zeylanica

22

Gynandropis pentaphylla

Leaves

Rheumatism

rotbodes?

Leaves

Rheumatism

sinspi

Leaves

Carminative, Piles

tstard,

Bark

Piles, Fever, Cardiac tonic

Fruit

Sore-throat, Eye diseases

Fruit

Bronchitis, Piles

CARICACEAE

23

Carica papaya

COMBRETACEAE

24

Terminalia arjuna

25

Terminalia bellerica

26

Terminalia chebula

zd&edie, esVdtssao

-J
COMPOSITAE (ASTERACEAEI

27

Eclipta alba

Leaves

Jaundice, Cholera

28

Veronia cinerea

Leaves

Fever, Asthma

CONVOLVE) LACEAE

29

Convolvulus pluricaulis

All Parts

B.P., Tranquilizer

30

Evolvulus alsinoides

Roots

Bronchitis, Dysentery

Rhizome

Diarrhoea

Asthma, Antihelmintic

CYPERACEAE
31

Cypers rotundas

EUPHORBIACEAE

32

Acalypha indica

sbsjjdeo

Leaves

33

Euphorbia hirfa

odAG

Leaves

Cough, Asthma

34

Euphorbia nerifolia

Roofs

Antihelmintic

35

Euphorbia pilulifera

Leaves

Eye disease, Snake bite

36

Jatropha curcas

dxJaJdsto

Latex

Haemorrhage, Piles

All Paris

39

tJ44AB

Phyllanthus emblica

Mcberi, dud do,

Phyllanthus niruri

drsdra,ct>ode, dodo, All Parts

Ricinus communis

ddcd, ddsbnd

Roots, seeds

Anemia, Vomiting

Jaundice

Fever, Asthma,
Neurological disorders

GRAMINAE (POACEAE)

40

Cynodon dactylon

rdjsdr, r(6d zdeex,

Leaves, Roots Uterine Diseases

41

Dendrocalamus strictus

doz), aacb

Leaves

Drying Small pox

42

VetiVeria zizanioides

sro&sd, ersdod

Roots

Rheumatism, Gout

cSsrftifzJo, cUDrieuO^jri

Bark, Flower

Cough, Piles, Dysentery

GUTTIFERAE (CLUSIACEAE)

43

Mesua ferrea

LABIATAE
44

Coleus amboinicus

djja, di,

Leaves

Cold and Cough

45

Leucas linifolia

abodAd

Leaves

Cold and Cough

3

2

1
46

Ocimum basilicum

47

Ocimum sanctum

5

4

3

Leaves

tnsbsS.'? o

Leaves

Fever, Cold, Asthma
Fever, Asthma, Skin
diseases

■48

Mentha arvensis

All Parts

Apetite stimulant

Bark

Carminative, Antiseptic

Bark

Dysentery, Piles

Bark

Uterine diseases

LAURACEAE
49

Cinnamomum verum

LEGUMINOSAE (FABACEAE)
50

Acacia catechu

51

Acacia ferruginea

52

Acacia nilotica

£>06,

dutsiO

Leaves

Fever, Eye pain, Venereal

Roots

diseases

Snake, Scorpion poison

53

Albizia lebbek

tswtefcd

All parts

54

Butea monosperma

rocsizi, ztoSyf

All parts

Urinary disorders

55

Bauhinia variegate

Bark

Arthritis, ulcers

56

Caesalpinia crista

dxSeusii,, rtaart

Seeds

Rheumatism

57

Cassia tora

zi^tdr, -JrtiS

Seeds

Skin diseases

58

Cassia auriculata

ezSM

All parts

Polyuria

59

Cassia fistula

edrt,#, dd,

Bark

Anfihelminfic

60

Desmedium gangeticum

mOztrJr, Ldd

All parts

Cough, Asthma

61

Glycyrrhiza glabra

Bark

Cold, Cough

62

Mimosa pudica

Root

Urinary and uterine

63

Pongamia pinnafa

;it£
t>ss_eo, rosirt zisVo,

diseases, Bleeding Piles

Leaves

Piles, Urinary diseases, Skill

disease
64

Pterocarpus santalinus

Bark

Fever

65

Sarca asoka

ejJjtsed

Bark

Piles, Urinary diseases,

66

Sesbania grandiflora

erid

Leaves

Fever, Cold, Cough

67

Tamarindus indicus

a±>nd

Leaves

Carminative

Uterine disorders

UUACEAE
68

Allium cepa

zJeuodi, aeCbs?,

Bulbs

Diuretic, Dysentery

69

Allium sativum

ozbid,

Bulbs

Bactericidal

70

Aloe barbadensis

tosinb, djse<Md

Leaves

Purgative, Jaundice
Menstural disorders

71

Asparagus racemosus

Zt3J2t>

Roots

Urinary &. Liver disorders

72

Colchicum autumnale

djs^do

Corms

Rheumatism & Gout

asiztoii, ejjidr

Seeds

Nervous disorders

Seeds

Blindness, Rat poison

LOGANIACEAE

73

Strychnos nux-vomica

74

Strychnos potatorum

4

V

1

2

3

5

4

MALVACEAE
75

Gossypium herbaceum

Leaves

76

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Flower

Skin diseases

Excessive menstrual

bleeding, piles
77

Salmalia malabaricum

78

Sida cordifolia

ixji,

79

Thespesia populnea

aLrssSdSi, zzrte

80

Azadirachta indica

tJecb

Bark

Haemorrhoids

All parts

Nervous disorders

Seeds

Uterine disorders

Bark

Antihelminiic, Fever

MELIACEAE

(= Melia azadirachta)

Diabetes, skin diseases

MENISPERMACEAE
81

Tinospora cordifolia

Leaves

Fever, Jaundice

MORACEAE
82

Ficus bengahlensid

Bark

Rheumatism, Dysentery

83

Ficus racemose

troeboud, e3,

Bark

Dysentery, Polyuria

84

Ficus religiose)

eds?,

Bark

Purgative, vomiting

85

Ficus reiusa

iOrtrsed

Bark

Epilepsy

MORINGACEAE

86

Leaves

Headache, Cold, Eye

Seeds

diseases, Snake poison

rosisJi,

Seeds

Polyuria, Uterine diseases

acsort, tooJs aciort

Seeds

Chest, skin diseases

sbri,

Moringa pterygospermo

MYRISHCACEAE

87

Myristica malabarica

MYRSINACEAE
Embelia ribes

Intestinal worms
MYRTACEAE

89

Eucalyptus teriticornis

SewfiO

Leaves

Cold, Fever, Asthma

90

Psidium guajava

zkdd

Buds

Jaundice, Diarrhoea

91

Syzygium aromaticum

erfort

Flower buds

Carminative, Tooth ache

92

Syzygium cumini

tsoia, ?3eds5

Buds

Diabetes, uterine bleeding

Roofs

Asthma, Jaundice

Venereal diseases

NYCTAGINACEAE

93

Boerhaavia diffusa
OLEACEAE

94

Jasmine grandiflorum

tsazi

Buds

95

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

assotzji

Bark

Respirator}* and

Leaves

Menstrual diseases

5

3

2

1

5

4

ORCHIDACEAE

Leaves

Fever, Pneumonia

Arcea catechu

Seed

Urinary disorders

98

Phoenix sylvestris

Fruit

Heart stimulant

99

Argemone maxicana

Seeds

Oil for ulcers in the head of

100

Papaver somniferum

Unripe

Nervous and Heart stimulant

96

Vanda roxburghii

97

PALMAE (ARECACEAEI

PAPAVERACEAE

a«3

children
capsules
PIPERACEAE
101

Piper longum

LosJ,©

Seeds

102

Piper nigrum

ribod, csVslsrs*

Seeds

Indigestion, Fever, Cough

103

PLUMBAGINACEAE
Plumbago rosea

Roots

Piles, Leprosy, Rheumatism

104

Punica granatum

All parts

Asthma, Nose bleeding,

Respiratory and uterine

diseases, Fever

PUNIACEAE
cjacir, cjposj

Diarrhoea

RANUNCULACEAE
105

Aconitum heferophyllum

106

Ziziphus mauritiana

a jiS, escxS

Tubers

Fever, Rheumatism

aex3

Bark

Diarrhoea, Jaundice

S4z!s,t, rtesso

Flower

Mouth ulcers, Constipation

Bid

Seeds

Snake & Scorpion bites

Bark

Malaria fever

RHAMNACEAE

ROSACEAE
107

Rosa damascena

s,/

RUB1ACEAE

108

Canthium parviflorum

109

Cinchona officinalis
RUTACEAE

110

Aegle marmelos

sbUj, tbe^zte,

Bark

Cholera, Jaundice,

111

Citrus medico

zSnzJV

Buds

Piles

112

Feronia elephantum

113

Ruta graveolens

114

Toddalia asiatica

Dysenteny

rWl>CA

Bark

Uterine diseases

Leaves

Respiratory diseases

Roof, Bark

Snake bites

Wood, Seed

Venereal diseases, scabies,

SANTALACEAE

115

Sanlalum album

rtcr?

oil

6

1

2

3

5

4

SAPOTACEAE
116

Madhuca indica

117

Mimusops elengi

Flowers

Rheumatism

U*ct, fed

Bark

Skin, dental diseases

asssndsd

Roots

Kidney stones, Piles

ricd

Leaves

Heart stimulant

ssnf-»ortaue'

Roots

Sedative, stimulant

Leaves

Sedative, asthma, sores

Fruits

Arthritis

EtorW,

Seeds

Fever, vomiting

SOessiAd
tszs.rtcd

Fruits

Piles, Dysentery

Roots

Cold, cough, skin diseases,

SAXIFRAGACEAE
118

Bergenia ligulata

SCROPHULARACEAE
119

Digitalis purpurea

SOLANACEAE

Jb Airopa belladonna
121

Daiura stramonium

122

Physalis minima

123

Solanum indicum

124

Solanum nigrum

125

Wiihania somnifera

Ci? 0

rtdti,

Nervine disorders

UMBELUFERAE

126

Leaves

Centella asiafico

127
128

Coriandrum sativum
Ferula assafoetida

Digestive stimulant, Memory

Fruits

Boosters
Carminative, stimulant

wcrt

Roots

Asthma, indigestion

C=Hydrocotyl asiatica)
i.o4,cut>

VERBENACEAE
129

Clerodendron serraium

adoA

Roots

Antiallergic, Asthma

130

Lantana indica

Leaves

Bleeding injuries

131

Lipnia nodiflorc

02132%
%<Cb SoSjjC

Fruits

Viiex negundo

arbfod

Buds

Epilepsy
Boils, Ear pain

ZINGIBERACEAE

133

Curcuma amada

&352*3?j ZbC©

Rhizome

Carminative

134

Curcuma aromatics

52<± OOXn

Rhizome

135

Curcuma lonqa

dOdJ,, SJdMS

Rhizome

Tonic, carminative
Liver and urinary disorders,

136

Elettaria cardamcmum

aoi. Dee,

Seeds

Carminative stimulant

zboO

Rhizome

137

Diarrhoea

Zingiber officinale

Digestive stimulant,

Carminative, Cough

FOCUS ON ViTAL MEDiCiNAL PLANTS
The medicinal heritage of India is quite ancient, dating back to over 3000 years.
The local communities, including tribals and aboriginals living in different ecosystems
from Himalayas to Kanyakumari, use over 7000 plant species of diverse habits
comprising of grasses, herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers and orchids, as the main resource
base of the herbal medicine . Documenting these vital plants offers a great opportunity
for developing a consortium between the informal folk knowledge like Ayurveda, Siddha,
orllnani medicine and the modern scientific medical knowledge. In all about 700 species
of medicinal plants have been documented so far, of which, nearly 300 species have the
threatened status. Most of these plants are known and utilized by herb doctors and
Ayurvedic vaidyas.

Rauwolfia serpentina, which yields a commercially valuable drug, reserpine, ut^
in the treatment of blood pressure (BP) is an Indian forest herb. The Western
pharmaceutical firm has developed this drug on the basis of knowledge gained from
medical practice of a tribal group in Kerala.

The systematic studyof the botanical knowledge of a social group, its use of locally
available plants as food, clothing, medicine and religious rituals, has developed as a
special branch of plant science - Ethnobotany. Pharmacognosy, on the other hand is a
branch of medical science dealing with the study of drug plants.
The drug plants are classified mainly based on the morphology of plant organs
from which the drug is obtained . These include the roots, underground stems, barks,
stems and woods, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and all parts. The medicinal value of drug
plants stems from certain chemical substances found in the plant tissues which produce
a definite physiological action on the human body. The vital chemical compounds include
the alkaloids, glucosides, essential oils, fatty acids, resins, mucilages tannins, gums etc.

The inventorying effort in the present work is limited to 1 37 vital medicinals plants,
most of which are found in the forests of Dakshina Kannada . The prime objective of this
work is to make some valuable contributions to the preparation of the ongoing villas.
level Community Biodiversity Register (CBR) comprising mainly of medicinal plaW
resources and indigenous knowledge of their uses for serving the rural community in
particular.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I feel honoured to express my deep appreciation and thanks to Dr. K.G. Bhat (PPC,
Udupi) and Dr. A. Bharathesh (Karkala) for their help and useful comments on the
manuscript . I am pleased to acknowledge the encouragement and support offered by
Sri C. S. Raju, IFS (DCF, Kundapur Diyisjqaj.^ ; i M. Hammabba (RFO, Karkala). I
also thank Sri Ashok T.N.(SBC, Kaj^t^\f^hi££^
j- design.

' <4%. K. PRABHAKAR ACHAR

KARKALA
October 1995

riO*

)

--------------------------------------------- U .A—- -----7
Printers: Samatha Graphics, Karkal^r-

o’1’1

,/

■ „;/

Bhuvanendra NCI

-------------------------------------Cover Art: Ashok T. N.

TWA- "lo.'XO
1

IVrAI.ARIA :

Alternative Eyes.

Malaria is a scourge that is making a reentry in the public health scene in our
country. During the 'golden period' of our public health system during the 1960's
we even believed that we could eradicate the disease, and with good reason.
The massive progress that the public health system achieved post
independence was indeed commendable. However with a sudden slackening
of pace, motivation and direction, Malaria has raised its ugly head again.At a
point like this, when the country is struggling both with resurgent diseases and
with an ever increasing resource crunch, our eyes naturally turn to the
'Alternatives'.
It is a fact that - quoting Dr. Harcharan Singh (former health advisor to Planning
Commission.)" More than 60 - 70% of the population is in the rural areas and of
this for nearly 80 % the first contact is with practioners of the Indian systems of
medicine." [1] This alone is a good reason to explore these alternatives. More
than this is the fact that these systems use locally available and relevant and
most of the time acceptable methods of treatment. This is very important in the
light of Primary Health Care's stress on locally ’ affordable, accessible and
relevant health care.'

However before looking to to the Indian Systems of Medicine for 'all the answers'
a few points need to noted.

1)

The Indian systems of medicine approach health and disease through
completely different paradigms. They do not accept the mind-body divide,
and infact stretch the mind -body complex to involve society, nature and the
cosmos as a whole.
2) The Indian Systems of Medicine are primarily sciences of promotion of health
- curing diseases comes later. Unlike allopathy, where more emphasis is
given to curing and promotion and prevention is relegated to a separate
speciality.
3) Using the seed and soil metaphor - while allopathy is concentrating more
and more on the seed (micro organisms, bio-chemisrtry,genetics) , the
Indian Systems concentrate more on the soil (the mind-body - society
complex, the resistance and humoral balance I imbalance that allows
disease.
4) Diagnosis in Indian Systems are to a large extent based on the subjective
elements and that to based on the patients constitution, horoscope etc.,
and therefore doesn't have similar disease classifications as in allopathy.
Though Ayurveda iitself accepts the concepts of 'External causation' [2] most
other systems are not so explicit.

Deriving from the above points one can appreciate the following which will
indeed play an important role in the dialectics of Malaria - through the
Alternative systems.

•
•
•

•

•

There is no 'malaria' in the Indian Systems.
There are however equivalents such as 'vishamajwara' in Ayurveda etc.,
Treatment therefore is individually oriented and based on that persons
constitution etc.,
There are certain medications, usually general in nature that are given, more
specific additions will be given depending on a) the patient's constitution
and b) the physician's level of expertise and wisdom.
More important however in the Alternative approach are the various
preventive and promotive aspects of 'Malaria control' such as
■ insect repellant plants I herbs
■ Prophylactic fever mixtures
■ Prophylactic diet changes - seasonal etc..

These may be effectively used , and if adopted in a systematic way with the
cooperation of both the Government and the people will definitely go a long
way in keeping a check on 'Malaria'.
Of course the question arises - as to what proof we have that any of these
therapies work- and are not merely figments of imagination. To this question I
would propose the following answers that are more a directions to solutions
rather than directives.

The remedies / techniques have been tried and tested for centuries, though
his may not be 'acceptable' proof of their usefullness. Traditional knowledge
certainly points to techniques that may be further studied and adopted.
2) Since the framework on which the Indian Systems of medicine are based
are so different, research on the effectiveness have to stress on the outcomes
- patients subjective outcomes (rather than biochemical parametres and
microscopic evidence which may or may not 'improve') Even though the
necessity of this may be hard to comprehend it is useful to remember that
Ayurveda never claimed , in the case fo CVA , for example, that there was
no thrombo embolism, they merely concentrate on 'increased vata' - and
attempt to cure the increased vata. , just as allopaths try to cure the
thrombembolism and not vata. Will allopaths agree on evaluation of their
medicines using Ayurvrdic parameters ? I s that necessary at all ? Isn't the
final outcome more important ? Atleast isn't that what we must concentrate
on especially given the fact that we are comparing two completely different
paradigms.

1)

3

In conclusion turning to Troditonol Indian Systems of Medicine , or adopting their
techniques etc,, will be worth while for the following reasons.
• They are close to the people , most techniques being easily available,
affordable and understandable by the people.
• They are any way the first contact for nearly 60-70 % of our population.
• Their techniques are tried and tested over centuries, and may very well
introduced for direct evaluation experiments.
However the following are to be remembered ,
• Any research methodology to evaluate these systems' efficacy need to be
carefully planned, so as to preserve the individuality of each system and not
'allopathise' them, each system has unique perceptual and therapeutic
contributions to make.
• Merely looking at Indian systems of Medicine as economically viable
alternatives, will be missing a lot of their significance and relevance. A lot of
their values need be understood and adopted ( an exaple of such values is
given in the essay Ayurveda and epidemics".

The dangers of using herbs
What your patients need to know

Mel Borins, MD, CCFP
PREVIEW
Herbal remedies are becoming increasingly popular among patients as
treatment for such varied medical problems as arthritis, depression, dia
betes, menstrual irregularity, and pulmonary conditions. However, there

are many negative effects of herbal preparations. Dr Borins discusses the
potential side effects of various herbs and the lack of standardization and

control that can contribute to contamination and toxicity of herbal products.

erbs have been used for
medicinal purposes since
rhe beginning of recorded
time. Many of our modern drugs,
including digitalis, atropine, and
narcotic derivatives, have been
developed from plants.1 Physi
cians even may prescribe herbs
for various health problems:
feverfew for migraines, garlic for
hyperlipidemia, yohimbine for
erectile dysfunction, and senna
tfor constipation.
According to estimates, some
80% of the world’s population
rely primarily on traditional med
icines for their primary' health
care needs, and a major part of
traditional therapy involves the
use of plant extracts or their ac
tive ingredients.2 Herb use by
many segments of the population
is continually increasing.3 Of 114
randomly selected patients at
tending a university-based AIDS
clinic, 25 (22%) reported using

H

one or more herbal products in
the previous 3 months.'1 Patients,
especially those originally from
Europe or Asia, often take herbs
before visiting their physician.
They may try a remedy used by
their family in the Old Country
or may take an herbal medicine
popularized in health food stores,
given to them by a nonphysician
healthcare provider, or recom
mended by a friend.
Herbs, like drugs, have certain
indications and side effects (table
1). The correct use of herbs re
quires a clear understanding of
how they work. Although most
herbs are safe, they can cause
problems.
Inadequate standardization
and quality control

Many herbs are sold as teas, foods,
and food supplements. Because
they are not sold as drugs, no

VOL 104 / NO 1 / JULY 1998 ! POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE / HERB USE

proof of efficacy or warnings
about side effects are required.
When a drug is prescribed, the
dosage and quality of the sub
stance are more or less assured.
However, there is no such stan
dardization or quality control for
herbal formulations. Thus pa
tients must be warned to be cau
tious when using herbs.
The potency of herbs can vary,
depending on the climatic and
soil conditions where they were
grown. At the Toyama Medical
and Pharmaceutical University
Hospital in Japan, fresh herbs
from around the world are col
lected, and each batch is analyzed.
Great differences in the presence
of active substances have been
found, depending on where the
herbs were grown and how long
(up to several months) they were
allowed to stand. In the Toyama
Hospital, many of the fresh herbs
are kept in a special temperaturecontrolled storage area to ensure
quality control.
Contamination, mislabeling,
and misidentification of herbs are
also problems. According to re
ports, herbal preparations do not
always contain what their label
claims, and when the ingredients
are analyzed, the supposed active
substance of the preparation may
continued
91

Herb use, continued

1 Table l. Cotnmonly used herbs and their side effects

I

-

Common name

Potential side effects

Aconite

Dangerous arrhythmias, cardiovascular collapse

Aloe

Gl catharsis, diarrhea when ingested, nephritis, abdominal pain,

dermatitis when used topically

Buckthorn bark

Catharsis, diarrhea

Calamus

Beta asarone found in some calamus species may be
carcinogenic

Chamomile

Allergies, anaphylaxis (especially in persons sensitive to
Compositae family), contact dermatitis

Chaparral

Hepatitis

Comfrey

Liver damage

Devil's claw

Abortion

Dong qua:

Abortion, ?affects estrogen levels

Garlic

Toxic ingredients

Dermatitis, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, flatulence,

antiplatelet activity

Germander

Hepatitis

Ginseng

Hypertension, diarrhea, nervousness, depression, amenorrhea,
insomnia, skin rashes

92

Jimsonweed

Dry mouth, blurred vision, sedation, tachycardia

Licorice

Hypokalemia, hypertension, sodium and water retention

Mistletoe

Gastroenteritis, ?cardiac effects

Ragwort

Hepatitis

Sassafras

Potential carcinogenic effects, nosebleeds

Senna

Diarrhea, abdominal pain

Wormwood

Hallucinations

not be present at all.’ Also, if an
importer or retailer mistakes one
herb for another, serious prob
lems can take place.
Sometimes patients do not
even know what they are taking.
For example, patients who visit a
Chinese traditional medicine
practitioner and receive a pre
scription written in Chinese for a
product sold at a Chinese herbal
store are usually unaware of the
prescription's contents. If they
experience side effects, it is diffi
cult to determine which sub-'
stances are the cause.

Toxic ingredients, including pes
ticides, nondeclared drugs, and
added chemicals, are sometimes
found in herbal preparations/7
Heavy metals such as arsenic,
mercury, lead, and cadmium, as
well as the prescription drugs
phenylbutazone, aminopyrine,
prednisone, testosterone, and di
azepam, have also been found in
herbal remedies.
Such serious side effects as
bone marrow depression, hyper
tension, irregular heart rhythms,
and abnormal bleeding developed
in 13 arthritic patients who took
Chuifong Toukuwan, “herbal
medications" that were obtained
by mail order from Hong Kong.
Analysis of the pills revealed the
presence of prednisone, indo
methacin, and lead.’
Agranulocytosis and life-

HERB USE / VOL 104 /NOW JULY 1998 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE

Herb use. continued

threatening infections developed
in four patients who were taking
Chinese herbal medicines for re
lief of arthritis and back pain.
These medicines contained aminopyrine and phenylbutazone/
The Canadian Drug Reaction
Monitoring Program1'-' has re
ceived reports of adverse reactions
to certain Chinese herbal prepa
rations containing toxic heavy
ma«ls such as arsenic, mercury,
leacrand cadmium. Phenylbuta
zone, prednisolone, testosterone,
aminopyrine, and diazepam were
also found in the preparations.

Figure 1. Raw herb

being cut at herbal

medicine factory in

Madras, India.

Figure 2. Hospital
pharmacy In
Beijing. China.

Heavy metals
The intentional use of lead in
traditional folk remedies occurs
in many societies. Hmong people
from Laos use a lead-containing
preparation, Pay-loo-ah, and
cases of lead poisoning and con
tamination with arsenic and
mercury have been reported.
A^kon, which contains lead
tetroxide, and Greta, which con
tains lead oxide, are Mexican
folk remedies that have caused
toxic effects.
Heavy metals are also used in
some of the remedies of Ayurveda,
a traditional healing system of
India.11 A 35-year-old man took
Shakti and Pushap Dhanva Ras
tablets, traditional Ayurvedic
medicines for diabetes, that he
bought in India. He was admitted
to a British Columbia hospital
with a serious case of lead poisoncontinued
VOL 104/N01/ JULY 1998 I POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE ! HERB USE

Figure 3. Display of
herbs at herbal
medicine museum,
Beijing, China.

Herb use. continued

Catharsis

Toxic ingredients, including pesticides,
nondeclared drugs, and

added chemicals, have been found in
some herbal preparations.

ing that resulted from the rem
edies. The tablets he took con
tained high levels of lead as well
as mercury and arsenic.12
A similar case of lead poison
ing occurred in a Korean man
who bought several bags of dried
herbs containing hat ge fen (clam
shell powder) from a Chinese
herbalist in New York. The adul
terated clamshell powder con
tained high amounts of lead and
arsenic.1'
Practitioners of espiricismo, a
spiritual belief system indigenous
to Puerto Rico and other Carib
bean islands, use mercury both as
good luck and as protection from
evil and the envy of others. This
practice is hazardous and can lead
to mercury poisoning.H
Toxic side effects

Generally, herbs which have stood
the test of time are safe, but these,
too, have been known to cause
toxic reactions. Cases of cyanide
poisoning have been reported in
people who have ingested the
seeds, bark, or leaves of apricots,
cassava beans, cherries, choke

94

cherries, peaches, plums, and
other fruits. Licorice, used for
treating gastrointestinal problems,
can cause hypokalemia, hyperten
sion, sodium and water retention,
and cardiac problems.15 Sassafras
root bark and calamus are believed
to be carcinogenic in animals.
In Hong Kong and Australia,
Chinese herbal medicines con
taining the aconites caowu (the
root of Aconitum kusnezoffii)
and chuanwu (the main root of
Aconitum carmichaeli) are used
to treat rheumatism, arthritis,
bruises, and fractures. These herbs
contain variable amounts of toxic
alkaloids and can cause danger
ous irregular heartbeats, cardio
vascular collapse, and even death.16
Renal failure developed m 48
women after they used a Chinese
herbal therapy for weight loss.1’
The herbal preparation may have
contained nephrotoxic contami
nants of fungal or plant origin,
accounting for the nephrotoxicity'.
Ginseng, a commonly used
herb that seems to have many
positive benefits, can potentially
cause hypertension, nervousness,
skin rashes, and sleeplessness.18

Many patients believe that ca
thartics sold in the form of teas or
herbs are acceptable to take, but
the continued use of cathartics
for constipation can be danger
ous. Cathartic use causes depen
dency, or the so-called lazy-bowel
problem. Furthermore, patients
who self-medicate often avoid
seeing their doctor and thus delay
the diagnosis of a serious but
treatable disorder. Buckthorn
bark, senna, dock roots, and even
the wonder plant, aloe vera, can
have fairly strong irritant cathar
tic effects and cause diarrhea if
used indiscriminately.
Anticholinergic effects

Many common plants, such as
catnip, juniper, lobelia, jimson
weed, wormwood, and nutmeg,
can have deleterious anticholin
ergic and hallucinogenic effects.
Allergic reactions

Patients who are allergic to any
member of the Compositae fam
ily, which includes asters, chry
santhemums and, most important,
ragweed, should also avoid teas
made from goldenrod, marigold,
yarrow, St John’s wort, and cham
omile because of the problem
with cross-reactivity'. Chamomile
is often used as a mild sedative
and as a remedy for minor diges
tive disorders and skin problems.
Contamination of chamomile
flowers with related but more al-

HERB USE J VOL IM I NO 1 I JULY 1998 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE

Herb use. continued

Any herb that is an

emmenagogue or
menstrual regulator can
potentially be
an abortifacient.

lergenic planes, such as mayweed
or dog fennel, causes serious alreactions in some patients.
Abortifacients

Devil’s claw root used for arthritis,
barberry used for stomach prob
lems, dong quai used for men
strual irregularities, and ruta, hydrastis, and oregano in highly
concentrated capsules should be
used with extreme caution during
pregnancy. Any herb that is an
emmenagogue or menstrual regu
lator can potentially be an aborti
facient.'’
Hepatitis

C^^rey, a popular folk remedy
in Europe and North America, is
claimed to be useful in the treat
ment of arthritis and skin, pul
monary, and gastrointestinal con
ditions but has been shown to
contain pyrrolicidine alkaloids,
which cause liver damage and
cancer in both animals and
humans.
Germander, mistletoe, chapar
ral, and ragwort have also been
suspected of causing hepatitis.

Chuen-Lin, a popular Chinese
herb commonly given to newborns
in the Chinese community, does
not cause hepatitis but can have
a significant effect in displacing
bilirubin from its serum protein
binding sites and can cause an in
crease in bilirubin levels. The use
of this herb should be properly
supervised and discontinued in
cases of neonatal jaundiced'

Traditional healing
Use of herbs for healing is espe
cially important in developing
nations, where the cost of drugs is
prohibitive, accessibility to drugs
in rural areas is virtually nonexis
tent, and there is a shortage of
physicians. In remote areas, herbs
can be grown locally. The popu
lace trusts the effects of herbs and
believes that herbs require less
medical supervision than drugs.
Healers in traditional societies
use herbal remedy recipes that
have been handed down from
one generation to another within
families/1 In Thailand, the ma
jority of the population live in
rural areas, but the majority of
physicians live in cities. The
ministry of health has developed
a handbook that includes a chap
ter on common herbs used for
medical problems and is encour
aging members of the rural pop
ulation to grow these herbs in
their gardens and fields and use
them accordingly.

VOL 104 Z NO 1 /JULY 1998 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE / HERB USE

Mel Borins, MD, CCFP

Dr Borins is assistant professor, department of

family and community medicine. Faculty of

Medicine. University of Toronto, and staff phy
sician. St Joseph's Health Centre. Toronto.
Ontario. Canada

Correspondence: Mel Borins. MD. CCFP. 27
Roncesvalles Ave. Suite 405, Toronto. Ontario.

Canada MGR 3B2. E-mail. meLborinsSmagic.ca.

Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani
medicine are traditional systems
of healing in India that use herbal
remedies which have been passed
down for hundreds of years.
Many of the articles in journals
of Ayurvedic and Unani medi
cine describe double-blind studies
showing the successful use of
herbal formulas for treating con
ditions such as asthma, vitiligo,
and rheumatoid arthritis. How
ever, many of these trials are ig
nored by today’s physicians, be
cause they were not conducted in
Western countries.
continued on page 99

95

Herb use. continued

In China, the practice of tradi
tional Chinese medicine is firmly
established. There are more than
5,000 kinds of Chinese medicinal
herbs, 700 patent Chinese medi
cine factories, and 1,500 factories
producing Chinese herbal pills
and decoctions. Research studies
conducted in China confirm the
efficacy of herbs for most medical
conditions.

^Advice for patients

In light of the potential hazards
of herbal remedies, what advice
should physicians give patients?
Tell them to be cautious about
taking any herbal preparations,
especially those purchased out
side the United States. Encour
age patients to bring in the for
mulations, so you can read the
labels and familiarize yourself
with what they are taking. Warn
patients not to believe unsub
stantiated claims for miracle
cures. Explain what kind of rel^larch goes into our drug formu
lations and what a double-blind,
randomized, controlled study is;
compare that with the anecdotal
information about herbal ther
apy. Ask patients to bring in their
educational sources.
Tell patients to buy herbs from
a reputable source and to get ad
vice from a licensed health pro
fessional who is officially trained
in the prescribing of herbs. Re
inforce that all remedies should

be clearly labeled and all ingredi
ents listed. Warn pregnant pa
tients not to take herbs unless
their safety can be assured. Ad
vise patients to tell you if they
are taking herbs so you can moni
tor any side effects. Do not casu
ally dismiss patient inquiries; be
prepared to listen and leam.
There are hundreds of books
for the layperson that extol the
benefits of herbs but very few
that adequately discuss the con
traindications and side effects.
Unfortunately, very little research
explores the interactions between
drugs and herbs. I recommend
The New Honest Herbal: A Sen
sible Guide to the Use of Herbs and
Related Remedies" as an easy-toread guide on both the positive
and negative effects of herbs.

Conclusion
Herbs, which have been used by
people for thousands of years, have
great potential for use by today's
physicians. Certainly many pa
tients are using herbs even without
physician supervision. The onus
is on every physician to ask pa
tients about their potential use of
herbs. The benefits and side effects
of commonly used herbs should
be taught m all medical schools,
and more research is needed to
clarify how we can incorporate
this age-old approach into our
standard medical practice, pcm

Earn credit on this article.
See CME Quiz.

References

1.

Farnsworth NR, Akerele O, Bingel

6.

Tyler VE. Herbal medicine in America.

AS, et al. Medicinal plants in therapy. Bull

Planta Med 1987;53(l):l-4

World Health Organ 1985;63(6):965-81

7.

2.

Akerele O. Nature’s medicinal bounty:

Chan TY, Chan JC, Tomlinson B,

et al. Chinese herbal medicines revisited:

don’t throw it away. World Health Forum

a Hong Kong perspective. Lancet 1993;

1993;14(4):390-5

342(8886-8887); 1532-4

3.

8.

Eisenberg DM, Kessler RC, Foster C,

et al. Unconventional medicine in the

Goldman J A, Myerson G. Chinese

herbal medicine: camouflaged prescription

United States: prevalence, costs, and pat

antiinflammatory drugs, corticosteroids,

terns of use. N Engl J Med 1993;328(4):

and lead. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34(9):

246-52

1207

4.

9.

Kassler WJ, Blanc P, Greenblatt R.

Ries CA, Sahud NLA. Agranulocytosis

The use of medicinal herbs by human im

caused by Chinese herbal medicines: dan

munodeficiency virus-infected patients.

gers of medications containing aminopy-

Arch Intern Med 1991; 151 (1l):2281-8

rine and phenylbuta:one. JAMA 1975;

5.

Saxe TG. Toxicity of medicinal herbal

231(4)352-5

preparations. Am Fam Physician 1987;

10.

35(5):135-42

Monitoring Program. Herbal preparations:

Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction

continued

VOL 104 / NO 1 / JULY 1998 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE / HERB USE

99

Dear Friends ,

The Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions,
Bangalore, is launching a project for establishment of a network of "green
health community nurseries", for raising and distributing medicinal plants,
in the three southern states of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala.
The project is to be funded by CAPART, New Delhi, and implemented
largely through NGOs, working in the field of community health and
environment, in urban and rural areas, of these three states.These
implementing agencies will be selected on the basis of their available
nursery infrastructure and resources and their experience in the management
of nurseries.
Under this project only "seed support" or working capital can be
provided to existing nurseries to start: a medicinal plants section . The
medicinal plants raised are expected to, be "sold" at reasonable prices to
various user groups so that seed support is recovered and can be used as
a revolving fund to help other nursery enterprises.
Different kinds of "medicinal plant packages" can be raised by the
nursery to suit the needs of different user groups. The following table
lists the various packages that can be raised by the nurseries:
Sno.

Packages/User Groups

1.

PHC Package for rural
households (25 plants, mainly
shrubs, herbs arid a few trees)

PHC Package for urban
households (25 plants, mainly
shrubs, herbs and a few trees)

Pricing pattern
To be priced at "no profit
I no loss" basis or even
(subsidised rates if
necessary.
This should be priced
reasonably.

2.

Institutional package (100-120)
plants for schools/colleges/
factories/educational and
research institutes.

This should be priced
reasonably.

3.

Various commercial packages
like
-ornamental plants of
medicinal value
-flowering plants of medicinal
value.

This should be priced
reasonably.

Educational packages (Med.
plants should be grouped
according to med. uses) eg.
plants good for fever/diabetes
etc.

This should ,be reasonably
priced. I

4.

.

_

B) WHICH "MEDICINAL PLANTS PACKAGE" ARE YOU INTERESTED IN ?

PHC PACKAGE FOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS.
PHC PACKAGE FOR URBAN HOUSEHOLDS.
INSTITUTIONAL PACKAGE FOR RESEARCH INSTITUTES, SCHOOLS,
COLLEGES, FACTORIES ETC.'.
4. COMMERCIAL PACKAGE FOR INDUSTRIES, PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS
ETC. .

1.
2.
3.

( tick whichever is applicable)
[in case of 3 or 4 also specify which user group you
intend to tap]
C) DO YOU ALSO S^LL SEEDS ?
(tick whichever is applicable)

YES

NO

If yes,
1) At what price by weight ?

2)

For which species of plants, do you provide seeds ?

8. WHAT IS THE PRESENT NURSERY STAFF WITH YOU AND WHAT ARE THEIR
FUNCTIONS:
[

SNO.

9.

STAFF

FUNCTIONS

DO YOU HAVE ANY EXPERIENCE IN GROWING/COLLECTING/DISTRIBUTING
PLANTS, COMMUNITY HEALTH RELATED ACTIVITIES, TRADITIONAL
MEDICINE ETC..

YES

NO

(tick whichever is applicable)

10. PLEASE GIVE AN IDEA OF THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF YOUR
ORGANISATION:
SNO.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF
THE ACTIVITY

NO. OF
YEARS OF
ACTIVITY

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
OF OPERATION

1■

* IF THIS SPACE IS NOT ENOUGH YQU CAN USE SEPARATE SHEETS.

11. AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURE ON ALL PROJECTS BEING IMPLEMENTED
BY ORGN. AS PER AUDITOR REPORT DURING LAST THREE YEARS:
SNO.

YEAR

ANNUAL EXPENDITURE (RS)

GREEN HEALTH NURSERY ENTERPRISE SCHEME
PROSPECTUS:

OBJECTIVE:
The Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health
Traditions,
Bangalore,
is
coordinating
a
project
for
establishment of a network of "green health community nurseries"
for raising and distributing medicinal plants, in the villages
and cities of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala.
1.

The objective of this project is to supply medicinal
plants for the PHC needs of various user groups in rural and
urban areas, to name a few i
1)
providing easily accessible and low-cost PHC facilities
in the form of medicinal plants to low income groups
2)
providing an alternative holistic source of medicine,
which is not toxic like some ofl the modern chemical
drugs, to many other social groups.
3)
providing medicinal plants to Indian research
institutes, educational institutions etc. .
4)
providing medicinal plants (planting materials) to
Indian pharmaceutical firms and; other industries
manufacturing commercial products based on these, (in
keeping with the provisions of Indian Bio-diversity
protection laws)
Last but not the least, also : to create a public
awareness on '
a) the need to conserve medicinal plants.
b) the need to use them sustainably.
c) the need to build on India's rich and diverse
cultural traditions in health care for fulfilling contemporary
needs.
WHO CAN APPLY:
If you are an NGO or a Research institute, a public
firm, a pharmacy or any other similar agency, you are eligible
for the implementation of this project, subject to the following
conditions:
a)
you
have
the
required
essential
"nursery
infrastructure" (like land and water)
b) you already have an ongoing functioning nursery
(with experienced nursery staff and are engaged in raising and
distributing plants)

2.

WHAT KIND OF SUPPORT CAN BE GIVEN:
"Seed support" or "working capital" will be provided
by FRLHT to the selected agencies/nurseries. This seed support
will be in the form of an interest free loan payable in annual
instalments. As the term suggests, this support will be, strictly
for raising the medicinal plants. No support can be given for
other inputs like infrastructure, equipment etc..
3.

Organisations interested in applying for seed/working capital support
may fill in the attached format and send it to the undersigned. After
receiving responses from interested organisations, we propose to convene
a meeting where all the potential partners of this G.H.N.Enterprise network
can meet face to face and discuss the practical implications involved in
implementing this project. A conference with the representatives of
industries and pharmaceutical firms will also be arranged, to explore the
forward linkages to this project, mainly buy back guarantee for purchase
of the medicinal plants, raised by the GHN enterprises.

Please send in the filled in application forms and other information
within 15 days of receiving this letter.
Yours sincerely,

Green Health Nursery Enterprise Cell.
Encl: 1. GHNES Prospectus.

2.

GHNES Application form.

GREEN HEALTH NURSERY
ENTERPRISE SCHEME
APPLICATION FORM FOR SEED/WORKING CAPITAL FOR

ESTABLISHING COMMUNITY NURSERIES

1.

NAME OF THE ORGANISATION:

2.

COMPLETE POSTAL ADDRESS:
PIN CODE:

E-MAIL:

:

FAX NO:

TEL.NO
3.

NAME OF THE CONTACT PERSON:
(who will deal with us on
this project)

4.

LEGAL STATUS OF ORGN.

5.

SINCE WHEN IS YOUR ORGANISATION IN EXISTENCE:

6.

DO YOU HAVE AN EXISTING NURSERY:
(tick whichever is applicable)

:

YES

'

NO

If yes, give the following details:

- size of the nursery:

- nature of infrastructure available:
( green house, seed store, vehicle etc.)
- sources of water:
- Is water available throughout the year:
7. NURSERY BACKGROUND/ OTHER DETAILS:
A) What kind of plants do you raise ?

SNO.

NAME OF THE
SPECIES

PROPAGATION
METHODS

NO. OF PLANTS
RAISED EACH YEAR^

FRLHT can also provide, if necessary, technical
information to the nursery enterprise on the propagation
techniques of medicinal plants.

It can also provide educational materials on the
practical use of medicinal plants for PHC. A directory of sources
of supply of the planting materials, in S.India can also be made
available.

4.

WHAT KIND OF SUPPORT CANNOT BE GIVEN:
FRLHT will not support:

1) expenses to support nursery infrastructure;
2) expenses to buy nursery' equipments and
supplements/inputs;
3) expenses on transport and communications.

other

The medicinal plants raised are expected to be sold at
reasonable prices to various user groups, so that the "seed
support" provided by FRLHT is recovered and can be reinvested to
support other nurseries.
5. HOW TO APPLY:
Interested parties may fill ;in the details
attached form and send it to:
{
GREEN HEALTH NURSERY ENTERPRISE CELL,
C/0 FRLHT, 50, MSH LAYOUT,
2ND STAGE, 3RD MAIN,
ANANDA NAGAR,
BANGALORE-24.

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A PUBLIC CAMPAIGN
FOR THE CONSERVATION

OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Foundation For Revitalisation
of Local Health Traditions
No.50, II stage, III main, MSH Layout, Anand Nagar, Bangalore 560 024

FOLK - MEDICINE STREAM
Carriers of Village Based Health Traditions
Traditonal Carrier

Subjects

Nos

• Housewives
and elders

-Home remedies
millions
-Food and nutrition

• Traditional birth
attendants

-Normal deliveries

7 lakhs

• Herbal healers

-Common ailments

3 lakhs

• Bone-setters

-Orthopaedics

60,000

• Visha Vaidhyas

-Natural poisons

60,000

• Nethra
* Skin
* Respiratory
* Dental
* Arthritis
* Mental Diseases
* Liver
‘ GIT
* Wounds
* Fistula Piles

1000 in
each area

(Snake, Scorpion, Dog)

• Specialists

# Figures based on extrapolations from micro-studies

Practitioners of
Indian System of Medicine

ISM Category

Ayurveda
Unani
Siddha

No. of
Practitioners

3,60,740
29,701
11,644

Source: Ministry of Health 1987 statistics

Medicinal Plants Used in
Folk, Tribal, Ayurveda, Siddha and
Amchi (Tibetan) Health Systems

Health systems

No. of
Medicinal Plant
I
i

1. Local Health Traditions
2. Ayurveda
3. Siddha
4. Unani
5. Amchi

7000
1200
500
400
300

Some of the Medicinal and
Other Plants used by the
Madav Koli Tribals

Purpose

No. of Plants

1. Medicinal uses

202

2. Veterinary uses

109

3. For fish poison

23

4. For pest control

51

5. For water purification

3

6. Wild edible plants

87

7. Fodder plants

65

8. Fuel plants

30

9. Hunting purposes

3

10. Cultural and
Religious purposes

38

__ |

Source: D.K. Kulkarni Agharkar Institute, Poona

Medicinal Plants Used by the
Healers of Karjat Tribal Block of the
Western Ghats

Habits of plants

1. Trees
2. Shrubs & herbs
3. Climbers & creepers
4. Grasses
5. Epiphytes & Parasites

Total

Nos. used as
medicine
168
207
105
13
16

509

Source : R.P. Palekar, ADS, Kashele, Karjat

NEEM TOOTH BRUSH

Half a billion people use neem as a
toothbrush.

The average

toothbrush

and a tube of toothpaste at a US
drug store each cost more than a

dollar.

this

Does

make

the

toothbrush application a billion dollar

business ? If so, the neem value as
a

chewstick

toothbrush

is

worth

magnitudes more than the medicinal
exports of India.

SOME FACTS ON UTILISATION OF
MEDICINAL PLANTS

> Over 7000 species of plants are used in

health care by village communities in India.
> 25-60 per cent of plant biodiversity in every
ecosystem is used for health care.
> More plants are used by village

communities for human and animal
health than as food, fodder, fuel or timber.

MEDICINAL PLANTS CAN HEAL
Examples
> RAUVOLFIA SERPENTINA -

for regulating Blood Pressure
> PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS -

for Hepatitis B
> OFFICINALE -

for Malaria
> HOLARRHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA -

for Chronic Amoebiasis
> ADHATODA vasica -

for Simple Coughs
> EPHEDRA GERARDIANA -

for Bronchodilation
> TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA -

for Leukaemia
> AZADIRACHTA INDICA -

for Oral contraception, Dental Care, Skin
Disorders, Eyes
90% of plant based modern drugs have drawn their clues

from folk medical knowledge.

IMAGINE

Can you imagine how many years of

research it would take to recreate a

medical heritage like ours ? —

> We use over 7000 plants

> Which have over 15,000 formulations

> And is documented in approximately

100,000 manuscripts.

SAVE OUR HERITAGE

Biodiversity and cultural diversity go

hand-in-hand. If we lose our cultural
heritage, biodiversity loss will follow.

ACT NOW?

It would be an irreversible civilizational
loss if we do not act now.

THE BASIC CORE ACTIONS OF
THE MISSION

> creation of medicinal plant gardens and

nurseries in every taluk, town, municipality
and city.

-

How the
Conservation of Medicinal Plant Genes
is Linked to Community Action Plan

> The 45 gene parks (30 in situ & 15 ex situ)
will undertake to supply planting materials to
comunity gardens and nurseries

CORE ACTIONS

> Educational literature in vernacular

languages on the self help packages.

I

CORE ACTIONS

> Community registers in every taluk, to

document the knowledge of this heritage for
use of present and future generations and

to prevent its exploitation.

CORE ACTIONS

Designing ecosystem specific Self-help
packages of plants useful for

Promotive Health
Mother and Child Care

Common Ailments and

Simple gynaecological problems

for distribution via community gardens

and nurseries to all interested

households at no profit no loss.

j

WHAT FRLHT IS PROMOTING

Behind the scenes

Foundational Conservation Measures

> State Forest Departments are consen/ing
wild genes in 30 ecologically diverse

settings

> Botanists & ecologists are documenting the
ecology, the populations and distribution of
medicinal plants.

> Research Institutes and Environmental
NGOs are conserving gene pools of the

most threatened medicinal plants

POTENTIAL LOCATIONS
FOR
COMMUNITY ACTIONS

KARNATAKA
Towns

20

Taluks

180

TAMIL NADU
Towns

21

Taluks

385

KERALA
Towns

14

Taluks

61

MISSION

Self reliance of
rural and urban
communities in
Primary Health
Care through
medicinal plants

TARGET
GROUPS

TARGET
RESPONSE

• Rural

What is the
behavioral
change that
we expect

-Women

-Traditional
healers
- Laypersons

•Urban
- Women
- Laypersons

ACTION PLAN
WHAT IS TO BE DONE ON THE PROBLEMS
GROUND
ANTICIPATED

Behind the scenes
Technical conservation efforts (in
situ & ex situ) such as FRLHT is
co-ordinating with State Forest
Departments, Research
Institutions and Environmental
NGOs

• Poor self image of
Local Health
Traditions

• Poor organisational
arrangments in
“Restoration of
providing plant
faith in the
packages to the rural
healing power of
and urban
plants” in rural
community
Community action programmes
and urban
• Not seeing the link
• Community gardens and
communities
between the more
Community nurseries
technical in situ and
(Providing household packages for
ex situ conservation
Mother and Child Care, Common
measures carried out
ailments, promotive health and
by State Forest
simple gynaecological problems)
Department,
• Production of self-help manuals in
Research Institutes
vernacular languages related to the
and NGO’s and
plant packages
community welfare
• Community Registers to document
• Historical antagonist
and protect local ethnobiological
role of State Forest
knowledge.
Departments vis a
—V
vis the community
Delivery System

• Which agencies will distribute these
packages
• Who will spearhead the Community
Register programmes at Taluk levels

TARGET
Messages

MEDIA
SELECTION

BUDGET

Brainstormers to
formulate twoway messages to
target audiences
to achieve the
desired response

Brainstormers to
link specific
messages with
suitable media for
specific target
audiences

• What will the
• What are the
media campaign indicators of a
cost and over
successful
what period
communication
strategy
• How do we

Media Resource,
Institutions and
Individuals
Suggestions from
brainstormers on
identification of
suitable agencies and
individuals who can
contribute to this
campaign

generate funds
for community
action
programme

EVALUATION
CRITERIA

• Subjective and
objective

to . -2 3L

RESEARCH REVIEW IN ► ► FAST-FORWARD ► ►
Abana In Hypercholesterolaemic Rabbits
Tiwari, A.K., et al. Jap. Heart J. (July 1993): (34), 4, 451.

An experimental study of Abana on
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits showed that
Abana reduced the levels of total cholesterol,
LDL and VLDL whereas it increased the HDL
levels. These rabbits were initially fed on a diet
rich in fat and cholesterol for 60 days. They
were then divided into four groups. One group
received Abana for 60 days. Another group
received Abana from days 60 to 120. The
remaining two groups received a placebo and
served as controls for the respective study groups.
Both placebo-treated groups showed elevated
total cholesterol levels along with high VLDL,
LDL and triglyceride levels. On the other hand,

both groups on Abana showed a decrease of all
the above constituents, in addition to increased
HDL levels. Microscopic examination of
sections of the aorta also showed a lesser extent
of atherosclerotic involvement in the Abanatreated groups in comparison to the control
group.
Hence, it can be concluded that Abana checks
the rise of total cholesterol and atherogenic
lipoproteins when administered along with a
high-fat diet. Abana also helps in restoring a
normal lipid profile. Likewise, Abana also
reverses the process of atherogenesis.

See Inside For The Fourth Instalment Of
Exercises For A Healthy Back

HERBAL INSIGHT
FITNESS TODAY.
HEALTH FROM HERBS
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
MISCELLANEOUS ABSTRACTS......
HEALTH TIPS FOR YOUR PATIENTS
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR..............
LAUGH AWHILE ..............................

18
19
20
20
21
22
22
23

OctVDec. 1994

CAPSULE

HERBAL INSIGHT

Withania somnifera (Ashvagandha)
Withania somnifera, (family: Solanaceae)
popularly known as Ashvagandha, is a perennial
flowering shrub found in the drier parts of India.
It is an erect branching shrub I metre in height.
The stem and calyx are covered sparsely with
hairy tomentum. The leaves are ovate and
alternately placed
on the stem. The
flowers are in
conspicuous and
light green in
colour; the fruit is
an orange-red
berry when ripe,
with numerous
small capsicum
like seeds.
Attempts have
been made to
isolate the active
principles
of
Ashvagandha.
Various
biochemically
heterogenous
alkaloids
and
steroid lactones
commonly called
withanolideshave
been isolated from
various parts of the
plant.
The alkaloids include withanine,
somniferine, somnine, somniferinine,
pseudowithanine, tropine, pseudotropine,3a
tigloyl oxytropane, choline, cuscohygrine,
isopelletierine, anaferine and anahygrine. The
various withano ides identified include
withaferine A withanolide D to M. I New

glycosides, acyl steryl glycosides have been
isolated from the roots and mono-hydric alcohols
from the leaves.

The leaves are applied locally in ulcers, boils

- , ■

,.

■

■ -' ■ • -L ■ — ■

and all other types of skin lesions. It is said to
heal inflammation, sepsis and promote wound
healing.

The roots of Withania somnifera have been
employed as a valuable drug in both Ayurveda
and the Unani systemsof medicine as a neurine
tonic, as a sedative
in the treatment of
insanity, epilepsy
and hypertension.
Ashvagandha is
used in Ayurvedic
formulations for
its adaptogenic
effect.
The
medicinal
properties
attributed to this
plant are probably
due to the mild
sedative effect of
its
active
principles. It is a
mild sedative and
helps
reduce
excitement and
pain. It exhibits
fairly
potent
antiarthritic, antiinflammatory
activities.
The
ground root and crushed leaves are employed
as a local application for carbuncles, ulcers
and painful swellings. The fruits and seeds are
used as diuretics.

Traditionally, Withania somnifera is used in
the treatment of rheumatism, gout,
hypertension, neurine and skin diseases. It is
widely used as a sex stimulant and rejuvenator
and is considered a strength and vigour
promoting drug, especially in geriatric cases.

18

Oct./Dec. 1994

CAPSULE

19

FITNESS TODAY
Exercises For A Healthy Back (Part IV)
To have a healthy back without any problem, it
is important to have strong muscles in the back,
abdomen, hips and legs and healthy, flexible
joints in the spine, hips, knees and ankles. Any
weakness of the muscles or lack of flexibility or
any disease of the joints can lead to back
problems. This series of exercises helps stretch
the back muscles as well as contract them so as
to ensure a properly balanced functioning of
the back. In addition to these exercises, it is

mechanics and lifting techniques to avoid ex
cess strain or injury to the back. Apart from
these exercises, good posture, proper back care
and overall conditioning exercises can help to
keep the back healthy and balanced.

Exercises given in this issue mainly concen
trate on the neck and shoulder muscles and the
upper back. The full back release helps in
stretching the back and buttocks.

Starting positiomSit in a chair with
your feet flat on the floor. Your
weight should be slightly forward
so that you're balanced on the two
prominent bones under your but
tocks. Relax your shoulders and
keep your head level to maintain
all three natural curves.

Side stretch: Why? To stretch the
muscles in your back and sides.
How? Stretch your arm overhead
and slowly bend to the opposite
side. Don't twist. Hold for a count
of 5. Return to starting position.
Repeat for 5 times or more; switch
sides. Return to starting position.

Full back release:Why? To stretch
the back and buttocks. How? Re
laxing your neck, curl down slowly.
Tighten your abdominals, and use
your back muscles. Bring your
head up last; repeat 5 times or
more. Return to starting position.

relaxed, tuck your chin in slightly.
Tilt your head so that one ear is
over your shoulder. Hold for a
count of 5; return to starting posi
tion. Repeat 5 times or more;
switch sides. Repeat to starting
position.

Keeping your eyes level, rotate
your head so that you're looking
over one shoulder. Hold for a
count of 5; return to starting posi
tion. Repeat 5 times or more;
switch sides. Return to starting
position.

ders and upper back. How? Raise
both of your shoulders as high as
you can, as if you were trying to
touch your ears. Hold for a count
of 5; return to starting position.
Repeat 5 times or more.

More exercises for the back 'n the next issue.

hu» co,

Abstracted fromential, New York, U.S.A,, September 1993, Pg.10

CAPSULE

Oct.Dec. 1994

HEALTH FROM HERBS

____________________________

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What is Good for your Heart and
Waist-line and also Protects your Skin ?
It is a low- fat diet. In one study, a group of
patients received reduced dietary fat as compared
with another group who received their usual
diet. They were monitored for two years for the
development of pre-malignant lesions. The
result showed that those patients who followed
a low-fat diet developed an average of three
lesions while those patients who followed their
usual diet developed ten lesions on an average.

zZ

Abstracted from:
Lifetime Health Letter, July 1994, Pg.6

V

j ■,

■■&

r'

/JfF-

ft
*

■

Is Coconut Oil Bad for Health ?
1. Coconut oil does not raise blood cholesterol.
It has a neutral effect on blood cholesterol, even
in situations where coconut oil is the sole source
of fat.

Psidium guyava

Guava (Amrut, Perala)
The Psidium guyava tree is cultivated all over
India. There are two varieties of Psidiumguyava:
P. pyriferum (white) and P. pomiferum (red).
The bark, fruit and leaves of the tree are useful.
This tree is much valued on account of its
pleasant fruit. The ripe fruit is a good aperient.
When stewed, the fruit forms the well-known
guava jelly. The jelly is a heart tonic and is also
good for constipation.
The unripe fruit is useful in diarrhoea. The
water in which the fruit is soaked alleviates thirst
in diabetes. The root bark is employed in
chronic diarrhoea in infants in the form of a
concentrated decoction. The decoction of the
leaves is useful in scurvy and for ulcers and is
effective as a gargle in cases of swollen gums
and ulceration of the mouth. The leaves when
ground make an excellent poultice.

» 2. Coconut oil in and of itself does not cause
heart disease. Populations that get most of their
fat calories from coconutoil have an exceedingly
low rate of heart disease. These tropical oils
have been consumed as a substantial part of the
diets of many groups for thousands of years with
absolutely no evidence of any harmful effect to^.
the populations consuming them.
w

3. Saturated tats of coconut oil are made up
mostly (65%) of medium chain triglycerides
(MCTs). Patients with malabsorption problems
who cannot digest conventional fats are fed a
formula containing MCTs, a fractionated coconut
oil. A formula containing MCTs is also a lifesaver
for premature babies.
4. Coconut oil is less likely than other oils to
cause obesity because the body easily converts

coconut oil into energy rather than depositing
calories as body fat.
5. Like mother s milk, coconut oil contains a
component that is antimicrobial.
Abstracted from:
Health and Healing, June 1994, Pg.4

Oct./Dec. 1994

CAPSULE

21

miscellaneous abstracts

MISCELLANEOUS ABSTRACTS

Forewarners for
Coronary Artery Disease

Good Reason to have a
Hearty Breakfast

Frequent media reports of new risk factors for
Coronary Artery Disease and new potential
protectors, often trivial and sometimes contra
dictory, may distract people from the truly signifi
cant risk factors. Here are just four factors that
have received much attention recently.

1.
Baldness: Men under the age of 55 with a
bald spot on top of the head are substantially
more likely to suffer a heart attack than those
J^with a full head of hair or a receding hairline.
One theory states that the male sex hormones
that cause this type of baldness may also endan
ger the heart. But most researchers believe that
if this type of baldness does pose a risk, it is
minor when compared to, say, smoking or
hypertension. In any case, if you're bald you
can't do anything about the slightly increased
risk, except to be diligent about controlling the
known, modifiable risk factors.

2. Shortness: Several studies have found that
women less than 5 feet tall and men less than 5
feet 6 inches have an elevated risk of heart
attacks. But researchers have pointed out that
the increased risk is comparatively minor. In
A addition, other researchers have suggested the
'"^shorter people in the studies may have been
more likely to come from disadvantaged back
grounds (with poor childhood diets and health
habits), which might account, in part, for their

increased health risks.
3. Earlobe crease: Most studies on this sub
ject have found that men (and sometimes
women) who have a crease across the earlobes

are at an increased risk for CAD.

4. Iron level in the body: A Finnish study
suggests that a high level of iron in the body
dramatically increases the risk of a heart attack.
Meanwhile, continue to eat foods that supply

Heart attacks are most likely to occur during
the hours before and after dawn. One reason
may be that platelets, the cells that help blood to
clot, are stickiest then and thus most likely to
clumptogether. Such clotscan block a coronary
artery already narrowed by atherosclerosis and
trigger a heart attack. Now a new study has
shown that skipping breakfast makes that
morning stickiness worse.

Researchers found that platelets were two
and a half times stickier when the subjects did
not have breakfast than when they did, suggesting
that foregoing breakfast might indeed boost the
risk of morning heart attacks.
Abstracted from:
Consumer Reports on Health,
August 1991, Pg. 59

MENTAT (syrup, tablets)
Activates the mind
*
*
*
*

Also Mental is highly useful in:
Hyperkinetic behaviour
Speech defects
Enuresis
Epilepsy (as an adjuvant)

*
*
*
*
Mr

MENTAT

your daily requirement of iron.
kUO
Abstracted frfim:
Wellness Letter, May 1994,

Improves brain function and
memory power
Counteracts mental fatigue
Increases attention span and
concentration
Promotes learning ability in
students

ps the mind intact

22

CAPSULE

Oct./Dec. 1994

HEALTH TIPS FOR
YOUR PATIENTS

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

A Safe Way to Remove Ear Wax.

Mentat for Housewives and the Elderly

Ear wax protects the eardrum from dust,
bacteria and other irritants. In the normal course
of events, it gradually dries up in small particles
and migrates to the outer ear. All you needtodo
is wash your ear regularly.

Sir,
I have used Mentat, 2 tablets b.i.d. in
housewives and the elderly with good results.
Housewives reported
improved mental
concentration and could render better care and
attention to their families. Elderly persons who
received Mentat along with Geriforte developed
a sense of well-being and acceptability.

If wax accumulates, take the following steps.
Using an eye dropper, put a drop or two of warm
(not hot) mineral or vegetable oil in each ear
twice a day. Then, using a bulb syringe, flush
with warm water, holding your head upright
and then turning it sideways to allow the water
to drain. If you have a perforated eardrum,
never put any liquid in your ear. Over-thecounter ear wax softeners are harmless, but no
betterthan mineral oil. Avoid hydrogen peroxide
or any products that fizz in the ear because they
cause pressure to build up and might injure the
eardrum.
Abstracted from:
Wellness Letter, February 1993, Pg.8

How Can We Stop Nose Bleed?
A nose bleed can be stopped by the following
measures:
1.
Sit up so that the gravity lowers pressure in
the blood vessels of the nose. Tilt the head a little
forward so that the blood will not run into the
throat.
2.
Pinch the part of the nose between the
bridge and the nostril with the thumb and index
finger continuously for five to ten minutes.
Breathe through the mouth.

3.
After the bleeding stops avoid blowing the
nose too hard and strenuous sports for a few days.
4.
Apply vaseline inside the nostrils to keep
the membranes moist.
Posterior nose bleeding can occur in people
past middle age and also due to a blow on the
nose. This type of nose bleed is difficult to stop.
It can lead to significant blood loss and may
require medical help.
People who take anticoagulants may have
more frequent nose bleeds.
Abstracted from:
Wellness Letter, U.S.A., April 1994, Pg.8

Dr. P. Paul,
M.B., B S.. M.Ac.F.. D.Ac.,
Shastri Road,
North Bongaigaon,
Assam.

|

Mentat Helps as an Adjuvant in
the Treatment of Epilepsy
Sir,
I would like to bring to your notice a case of
post encephalitis epilepsy treated with Mentat.
This 7 year old girl had encephalitis 3 years ago
and developed epilepsy preceded by aura. She
also had behavioural and learning disabilities.
She has been on Mentat along with a small dose
of an antiepileptic drug for the last six months.
There has been no recurrence of seizures, and
her intellectual level and social behaviour have
also improved.
Dr. P.K. Chaturvedi,
M.D. (Paed.),

.
|

Newborn and Children Specialist,
Opp. Nehru Hospital,
Burhanpur,
Madhya Pradesh.

Mentat in Post-Stroke Recovery
Sir,
A 45 year old lady who had left-sided
hemiplegia with aphasia for one month was put
on Mentat, 2 tablets t.i.d. Her speech improved
on the third day, and on the seventh day of
treatment, she had slurred speech. There was
also a marked improvement of muscle power in
her paralysed limbs. I have advised her to
continue the treatment for 6 months.
Dr. K. Lakshminarayana,
M.D.,
Prakash Clinic, Club Road,
Bellary, Karnataka.

Oct/Dec. 1994

23

CAPSULE

LAUGH A WHILE, IT'S HEALTHY
Before her first plane ride, an
old lady was told that chewing
gum would keep her ears from
popping during the flight. After
landing, she turned to her seat
companion and said, "The
chewing gum worked fine, but
how do I get it out of my ears?"

******

The word "a verage" can be most
confusing, particularly when
used by a statistician.
For
example: "If a man stands with
his left foot on a stove and his
right foot in a refrigerator, the
statistician would say that on
the average, he is comfortable."
******
One businessman to another:
"We're
a
non-profit
organisation.

We didn 't mean to be, but we
are."
******

Patient: "Doctor, my hair keeps
falling out.
Have you got
anything to keep it in?"
Doctor: "What about a plastic
bag?"
******

The two fleas were just leaving
the theatre when the male flea
turned to the female flea and
said: "Shall we walk or take a
dog?"
"Mummy, teacher was asking
me today if I have any brothers
and sisters who will be coming
to school."
"That's nice of her to take such
an interest, dear. What did she
say when you told her you are
an only child?"
"She said, 'Thank goodness!'"

******
Student doctor: "Please sir,
there's some writing on this
patient's foot."
Famous surgeon: "Ah, yes!
That's a footnote."
******

What goes "zub, zub?"

A bee flying backwards..
******

Capital Punishment:
Income Tax.
******

A new branch of a large chain
store opened opposite a small
grocer's shop. The manager of
the branch made it clear that
he intended to force the
independent man out of
business.

"I haven't got your firm's
money, but I've got ideas,"
replied, the small grocer.
"We'll see!" the manager
replied ominously. The next
day the grocer put up a notice:
"Butter: Rs. 10 a kilo for one
week."

It had only been in his window
for 5 minutes when a notice
was put up in the branch of the
chain store:

"Butter: Rs. 7 a kilo for2 weeks."
The grocer replied with another
notice offering butter at Rs.4 a
kiloforamonth. This provoked
a further reaction from the
chain store and the battle
continued until the chain store
was left with a notice in the
window.
"Butter, Rs. 2 a kilo for 6 weeks."

"There," said the manager
triumphantly.

WORTH SHARING
WITH YOU

"By the time a man realizes that may
be his father was right, he usually has
a son who thinks he is wrong/'
— Charles Wordsworth

"It's costing us a fortune, but
we're beating you."
"I don't mind," replied the
grocer. "I don't sell butter!"
******

Edited and printed by Dr. S.K. Mitra, M D.. lor
The Himalaya Drug Co. at Pragati Art Printers. 11-5422/L, Red Hills, Hyderabad 500 004 and published by
him at Makali, Bangalore 562 123.

ISSN 0927-9681

Registered with the Registrar of News-

or a hospital or a laboratory.

®

Liv.52 (drops, syrup, tablets)
provides unparalleled lover care
*

Restores normal appetite in anorexia

*

Promotes growth in children

*

Stimulates hepatic parenchyma

*

Reduces intra-hepatic congestion

*

Helps in early recovery in infective hepatitis

*

Protects the liver against the toxicity of
alcohol, drugs and chemicals

Indications
*

Infective hepatitis

* As a liver protective against —
alcohol
anti-TB and other drugs
hepatotoxic chemicals
*

Early adult cirrhosis

* Anorexia

* Convalescence

Liv.52
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HEALTH

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FROM

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1930

THE HIMALAYA DRUG CO.
MAKALI, BANGALORE 562 123 (INDIA)

® Regd. Trade Mark
* Trade Mark

Herbal Medicines
A large segment of our population still visits hakeems and home
opaths for getting remedies for their illnesses. As a matter of fact

it has been estimated that in the rural areas 80% of them visit tra

ditional hakeems who dispense medicines supposedly extracted
from herbs roots etc.

I^hwork Council
Prof Akhlaque-un-Nabi Khan

Dr Tasleem Akhtar
Mr Abdul Latif Shiekh

With the advent of modern therapeutic products, these drugs also have

become part of armamentarium of traditional healers. The lax control of these potent

Prof A Samad Shera

pharmaceutical agents by the government has put these drugs in the hands of those

Mr Aslam Azhar

people who are not qualified to use it. Most of these drugs are given in the guise of

Dr Azra Talat Sayeed
Dr Inam-ul-Haq

herbal medicines.

Lt Gen (R) Mahmud A Akhtar

Dr Masood-ul-Hasan Nuri
Prof M Shafi Qureshi

The Drug Act of 1976 does not consider substances or mixture of substances

Prof M Naseem Ullah

prepared for use in accordance with Ayurvedic, Unani - Homeopathic or Biochemic

Prof Tariq Iqbal Bhutta
Ms Yameema Mitha

Maj Gen (R) Zaheeruddin

system of treatments. Therefore these would not be included in the definition of
"drug" of the Drug act. The functionaries of Ministry of Health are not empowered
to seize these product for analysis. This serious loophole has allowed the practition
ers of these systems of treatment to use drugs like steroids, antibiotics, psychotrop
ics to be used in the guise of herbal drugs.

In the present issue Dr. Balasubrmanium has raised very pertinent issues con

cerning consumer protection, regulation, pattern of consumption and consumers
perception of herbal medicines. The use of traditional medicines in selected countries
The Network's

including Pakistan has been lucidly discussed.

mission is to
promote rational use of
medication and essential

drugs concept in Pakistan in

order to optimize the
usefulness of drugs and help
bring equity in their access.

&

The use of modern medicines under the garb of herbal medicines may be a phe

nomenon peculiar to Pakistan. The Ministry of Health needs to change the Drug Act
to include all substances used as drugs in the traditional system of medicine to reg
ularize their use for protection of consumers.

MarketScan

Newsletter

Drug
manufacturers
pay no heed to
Cabinet's
decision
In complete violation of the Cabinet’s decision
to reduce the prices of drugs by four per cent
dauntless manufacturers have instead made an
arbitrary increase of 18 per cent in the prices of
Regular Insulin injection and Protamine Zinc
Insulin. Both the U40 Regular Insulin Injection
as well as Protamine Zinc Insulin are manufac
tured by Lilly pharmaceutical company. The
prices of these drugs have been raised from Rs.
63 to Rs. 75.60 and from Rs. 76 to Rs. 93.40,
respectively.

9th Five Year Plan:
report of the working
group on essential drugs
n May and June the Network participated in
various preparatory meetings for 9th Five
Year Health Development Plan. Professor
Tariq Iqbal Bhutta was invited in the first meet
ing in Lahore in which a strategy was devel
oped to work on various aspects of Primary
Health Care (PHC). Nine groups were formed
to work on various components of PHC. Execu
tive Coordinator was invited then to serve in
the working group on Essential Drugs. After
various meetings in Islamabad and Lahore a
final report was submitted by the group. Fol
lowing is the full text of the report:

I

Development Of Essential
Drug Package

There is a comprehensive National Drug Policy
in place, which forms the foundation of 9th Five
Year Plan for essential drugs. Over the recent
past, the Ministry of Health and Provincial
Health Departments have formulated essential
drug lists, Procurement Via Medical Store
(PVMS) list and formularies. Indenting, pro
curement and distribution system, along with
medical store depots are in position. However,
Not a single pharmaceutical company has there is a general complaint by public and
honored the Government's decision of not health care providers that essential medicines
charging sales tax with effect from August 15, for treating common ailments and emergencies
1997. The way things are going, it will be are usually not available in government health
unwise on part of consumers to expect any kind facilities and some available drugs are not rele
of relief. Drug manufacturers have already vant. Also, there are concerns about irrational
flooded the market with their products, and : use of drugs.
,
until the current stocks are exhausted, there will
be no change in the situation.
The 9tb Five Year Plan aims to provide free
medical treatment of common diseases and
The Pakistan Chemists and Druggists Asso emergencies to all patients; ensure regular sup
ciation has sought the Government’s interven ply of very essential drugs; promote rational
tion in the matter. It has called for the establish . use of drugs; and give free treatment at all lev
ment of an efficient drug monitoring system so els to patients coming in casualty, labor room
that the prices and availability of drugs can be ■ and operation theater for at least the first 24
scrutinized. Moreover, it has also sought the hours.
withdrawal of increase in prices of Disprin,
Paracetamol, Regular Insulin Injection and Pro The main strategy is to provide the most importamine Zinc Insulin.
| tant services to the maximum number of people
Source: Saad Khan, The News International, Friday, August 22,
at minimum cost. The Ministry of Health has
1997
^finalized a national list of 470 essential drugs.
After Reckitt & Colman, Lilly is the second
manufacturer to have raised the prices of drugs,
and the first to have flouted the Government's
decision. Reckitt & Colman had increased the
prices of Disprin and Paracetamol by 83 per
cent and 50 per cent, respectively. Despite a lot
of hue and cry, authorities in the Ministry of
Health failed to reverse the increase.

The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan

This will be adopted and updated periodically
to keep the number at a minimum. The load of
patients and the available resources may not be
able to cope with the needs of people. Therefore,
a list of very essential drugs and equipment for
all levels of PHC will be formulated based on
the load of diseases with highest incidence,
mortality and complications. These few
drugs/vaccines and items will provide free pre
ventive and curative treatment to more than
80% of patients with less than half the already
available resources. All drugs outside this list
but on the national list may be procured and
provided from tire remaining resources. Those
outside the national list may be purchased by
the user. Essential drug lists for various levels of
care will also be prepared.
The specific operational plan is as follows:-

the district. The verified bills will be attested by
respective Director Health Services for payment
from Director General Health Services Office.

Quality Assurance
The proposed quality control will be carried out
at manufacturing level by the incumbent as well
as by the health authorities. The district/divi
sional drugs inspector (who will be provided
distribution list along with batch number) will
draw sample of different batches at district
level. The capacity of Drugs Testing Laboratory
will be enhanced and it will be decentralized.

RoundUp

Newsletter

Rational Use of Drugs

Policy of prescribing specific and minimum
drugs for a particular disease will be strictly
implemented for economic use of essential
Drugs Requirement Estimate
drugs as well as to prevent the drugs resistance
Initial drugs requirement will be worked out and incompatibility. The list of disease specific
annually for each health facility on the basis of very essential drugs will be published and dis
disease burden and catchment population for played in all OPDs. The specialists will be
OPDs, while for causality, labor room and oper informed regularly by Government circulars to
ation theater it will be estimated on basis of pre refrain from prescribing costly and non-specific
vious year's patient load and requirement. This drugs. The drugs showing severe side effects, or
will be consolidated district wise/hospitals recommended for ban by World Health Organi
wise, well in advance, for coming year. From zation or not used by the country of origin, will
second year onwards, it will be updated accord be immediately de-registered and their sale in
ing to facility wise consumption and utilization. private and public sector will be stopped.

M Procurement System
The drugs will be procured at the provincial
level and distributed to the district level.
Requirement worked out as above will be con—solidated before February for the next financial
'Hfear. The process of tendering, technical scruti
ny, finalization of purchase proposals at respec
tive level, award of rate contract and purchase
orders will be completed by the first of June at
the provincial level. The distribution should be
in-built in the procurement award.

[ ■ Distribution/Payment Plan
At the district level, distribution of procured
drugs will be quaterly by the manufacturers
I sales agents.
The quantity and physical quality on the bill
will be verified by the respective authority of

The policies of drug registration and
issuance of drugs sale licenses will be reviewed
in order to minimize the number of registered
drugs and drugs sale licenses respectively.

Work Plan for 1998-2003
1998-1999

❖ App roving and implementing the essential drugs and equipment plan.
O Approving the essential drugs/equipment lists.

1999-2003

Annual
❖ Revising/updating the essential drugs /equipment lists
O Estimating drug requirements for districts

❖Preparing rational drug use plans/educational materials

Quarterly
❖ Preparing distribution and payment plan for district

Continuous Process
❖ Procuring essential drugs/equipment

❖ Conducting quality assurance

The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan

Newsletter

Non-availability of essential drugs
Tp’T ssential drugs are further diminishing
• ' from the market place. People in Pakistan
-t' - ’ have less and less choice to buy effective,
safe and yet cheaper drugs for their more com
mon medical problems. In other words, they
have to buy expensive alternatives to essential
drugs by spending their very scarce resources.
Not infrequently, people first have to sell some
thing to buy the "necessary" medical care (of
which drugs form a major part) and in doing so,
many a times, they have to compromise on
other necessities of life.

CD

In this case the role of the Health Ministry, as
provided in the statute, is to ensure the regular
supply of all the registered products in the mar
ket. Obviously, the MoH has failed to fulfil its
legal responsibility. Economic imperatives are
ruling the scene. If a company can earn more by
making expensive alternatives to the essential
drugs, why should it even consider offering
cheap alternatives to the people and spoil the
market for their goodies especially if it also
knows that the MoH can keep its eyes shut to
the aftermath. And this is what is happening.

the following.

President of Pakistan
Chief justice of Pakistan
Prime Minister of Pakistan
The Federal Ombudsman
The Federal Secretary for Health
In return the Ministry of Health did not
bother to respond. However, the Federal
Ombudsman acknowledged the receipt of the
letter sent by the Network and drew the atten
tion of Secretary Health division towards this
vital issue.

It was only after recieving a letter from the
Federal Ombudsman that the Director General
contacted us, thanking us for pointing out this
important problem! He mentioned that they
have sent show cause notices to drug companies
responsible for the non non-availability of
essential life saving drugs and that further
action will be taken in due course.

Again the Federal Ombudsman has sent us
the copy of the letter that they received from
Where should people turn to in this case? Health Ministry depicting the so called
One has to knock at the door of justice. And that "improvement" in the situation. However, the
is what the Network decided to do eventually.
Network again, contested the MoH view of pre
sumed improvement and asserted with evi
Following is the step by step account of the dence that the situation had not substantially
efforts of the Network to raise this issue of non improved and needed an institutional action,
availability of essential and life saving drugs rather than quick-fix-solutions. The most inter
with the authorities concerned:
esting solution to the problem suggested by
MoH is that they have made up a list of nonThe Network wrote a letter to the Director available drugs and they are asking more com
General Health, panies to apply for registration!
Ministry
of
Request to supporters
Health, Islam
Our current survey shows the non-availabil
e request all our supporters to help us in abad in which ity of almost sixteen very essential drugs from
monitoring the market situation about the Network the market. We have prepared a detailed table
the about the situation in which our team has not
the availability of essential drugs. When you directed
of only identified the non-available and drugs in
find an essential drug missing please do attention
short supply but we have also worked out
inform us and we will continue to compile the authorities
the details about the available therapeutic alterna
latest situation and present it in the newsletter ■ towards
non availability tives and most importantly the price differen
and to the authorities for remedial action.
of life saving tials between the two. As you will see, con
drugs and the sumers are paying much more than they should
steps that could be taken in order to improve in case of availability of these essential drugs.
the situation. Copies of this letter were sent to

W

4

The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan

Details about non-available essential drug

Trade Name

Generic Name

Lanoxin

Digoxin

Dose
Formulation

Manufacturer

.25mg; tab

Glaxo Wellcome

Neonaclax

Bendrofluazide 2.5mg; tab

Glaxo Wellcome

Adalat

Nifedipine

Wmg; caps

Saventrine

Isoprenaline

30mg; tab
2mg/2ml;
inj

Pencillin V
Syrup

Phenoxymethyl 125mg/5ml
penicillin
syrup

Ventolin

Salbutamol

100 mcg. per Glaxo Wellcome
actuation
inhaler

Isoket

Isosorbide
di nitrate

11 ml; spray

Insuline
regular

insulin (beef)

.10 ml vial

Ventolin

Salbutamol
Sulphate

Norcan

Naloxone
.02 & .4 mg/ Boots-Knoll
Hydrochloride ml; inj

Polyvealent

Anti snake

Included
in
‘PNEDL

Price in
Pak Rs.

Price in Pak

Price
Difference

Rs. 6.63 per 25 tablets

+5.49 for
each tab

Rs. 3.55 per 25 tablets

Indapamide

169/30 tabs

Bayer

Rs. 111.89 per 30 tablets

Nifedipine

175/50 caps

Pharmax Ltd.

Rs. 189.75 per 30 tablets

Glaxo Wellcome

Rs. 22.53 per 60 ml bottle

Erythromycin

Rs. 76.10 per aerosol canister

Salbutamol

/8/aerosol
canister (200)
inhlations

Ventolin inhaler is not openly available in the market
and is being black marketed. The alternative Vanex is
also in short supply.

Schwarz

Rs. 148.65 per bottle of
spray

Nithroglycerine

246.40/10 gm
aerosol

Isoket spray by Schwarz is not available.

Lilly

Rs 63.78 per vial

Beef insulin

Yes

Glaxo Wellcome

Rs. 25.49 per sol

Saventrine, is also missing from the market and it is
said that the manufacturer has allegedly stopped
producing it. All formulations are missing.

Penicillin syrup by Glaxo Welcome is absolutely not
available in the market for quite some time now.

Salbutamol sulphate

75.13 / 5 inis.

Insulin regular for diabetic patients by Lilly is not
available.

See
Ventolin Respirator solution is not available. In its
Comments absence Ventolin injections are poured in the repirator. I
dose, if made by sol, (5mg/ 1ml), cost Rs. 1.271 /dose, if
made by pouring injs., 10 injs. of .5mg are required
which cost 75.13x2= 150.26 each dose cost excess of Rs
149 to consumers just because of non-availability' of the
solution which is allegedly short supplied by the
manufacturer precisely due to above mentioned
profitability.
_

02 mg. 12 ml-pack
of 10 @ 124.5/inj.
.4 mg. llml-pack
of 10@ 139.7/inj

Norcain, antidote for morphine is not available. Many
other antidotes are also not available.

10 ml vial

National
Institute of
Health (NIH)

Rs. 558 per vial

Anti snake yenome

558 / vial

venome

Neonaclax for congestive heart failure and hypertension
is not available now for a long time. Pakistan is the only
country where it is not available. It is the most
important and firstline treatment of hypertension all
over the world.

Adalat remains most effective Nifedipine preparation
for prophylaxis and treatment of angina and has bee
absolutely' not available in the market for a long time.

10 ml is Rs 40

5 mg/ml;
sol

Comments
Lanox>n (.25 mg), an essential drug for heart patients
has been missing from the market for about six months.
Lanoxin is a relatively cheaper drug, manufactured by
Wellcome. When asked Wellcome says that they are
producing enough quantities "but it'is being smugglcd. Unfortunately, there is no substitute for" this
essential medicine in the market.

Polyvalent anti snake is very important as it provides
immediate relief to patients and is not available.
^extran has not been available in the market for a long
time now. Its alternative in the market is double in

Dextran 70

Dextran

500 ml; drip

Otsuka

Rs 65.07 per drip

Plasma bag by
Osscua (500 ml bag)

242 I per
drip

Coumadin

Warfarin

5 mg; tab

Sandoz Pak. Ltd.

Rs. 756.06 per 100 tablets

Warfarin

240 / 5 tabs.

Lithium
Carbonate

400 mg; tab

Norgin Limited
England

Rs. 113.84 per 100 tablets

Lithium carbonate

277.41/100
tab

+163.57

Camcolit is used for manic depressive illness. It is not

Camcolit

Phenytoin
sodium

1.00 mg;
caps

Parke Davis &
Co. Ltd.

Rs. 51.30 per 100 tabs

Phenytoin 100 mg
tab.
by Mere-Doa

143 / 300
tabs

+.037

Dilantin

Dilantin, a cheap remedy for epilepsy patients is not
readilv available in the market. Other alternatives
(Tegretol, Epilim etc.) are far more expensive.

Searle Pak. Ltd.

Rs. 70.33 per 50 tablets
Rs. 48.82 per 20 tablets.
Rs. 62.79 per 10 tablets.

Verapmil

39 / 40 tabs
20/81 tabs

+0.4316

Calan (Ca Antagonist) is absolutely not available ,and
its alternative in the market is double than its price.

Coumadin, a life saving anti-coauglant is not available
in the market for long time now and its alternative is

30 mg/5ml

Calan

Verapamil

80 &
240 mg; tabs

+6.0321

Source of information is market survey available drug compedence and direct from manufactureres and retail sellers.

* Pakistan National Essential Drug List

WHAT IS
EQUITY IN i
ESSENTIAL
DRUGS?
I

Newsletter

Herbal Remedies: Consumer
Protection Concerns
9 A codified system of traditional medicine at
the level of the traditional healer.

Dr. K Balas ubramantarn
Pharmaceutical Adviser

Consumers International

Consumer concerns about herbal remedies are
the same the world over. These include:
safety; efficacy; quality'; costs; unethical promo
tion, and irrational use of traditional medicine
and herbal remedies.

Regional Office for Asia

and the Pacific
(CIROAP)
Penang, Malaysia

Dr. Bala is a great

inspiration for all those
workingfor rational drug

policies in developing

countries. He is a long

Introduction

standing friend of the

A CHAPTER FOR EQUITY IN ESSENTIAL
DRUGS
| JAccess for all people to necessary medicines
Prices which society and the individual can
afford
Priority for drugs which meet the real health
needs of the majority of the population
Fair distribution between cities and rural areas
Assurance that drugs are safe, effective and of
good quality
Adequate training of all prescribers
Access to objective information
Real dialogue between patient and prescriber
Empowerment of consumers through education
and information
Community involvement and participation
Development of drugs that meet health needs in
the third and not only those of rich countries
Responsible manufacture and export
Ethical promotion and marketing
A stop to "donations" of hazardous or ineffective
products.

Network.

This article is an

abridged version

of a paper

presented by the
author at

International

here is now ample documented evidence
that people in both developed and devel
oping countries are purchasing and con
suming herbal remedies and traditional medi
cines in increasing amounts. There is also
evidence that some of the herbal remedies in the
market are not safe, effective and of good quali
ty. This raises the issue of consumer safety.

T

Symposium on
Herbal Medicines,
Honolulu,

Hawaii, USA,
June 1-4, 1997

It is useful to classify herbal remedies into the
following three categories:
1 Phytomedicines or Phytopharmaceuticals
sold as over-the-counter (OTC) products in
modern dosage forms such as capsules,
tablets and liquids for oral use.
2 Dietary supplements containing herbal
products, also called nutraceuticals, avail
able in modern dosage forms.
These two types of herbal remedies are used by
consumers in developed countries and those in
urban areas of developing countries.

3

t

■1

Herbal remedies consisting of either crude,
semi-processed or processed medicinal
plants and herbs. These remedies are avail
able at two levels:
Traditional beliefs, norms and practices
based on centuries old experiences of trials
and errors, successes and failures at the
household level. These are passed through
oral tradition and may be called, "people's
health culture", home remedies or folk reme
dies. These have a vital place in primary
health care in developing countries.

Consumers believe that sharing of information
on consumer protection measures between
developed and developing countries would be
advantageous to both due to the following rea
sons:
<9 Developed countries have effective and effi
cient regulatory control over modern phar
maceuticals. These may serve as useful mod
els to enact appropriate legislation to
regulate herbal remedies;
Developing countries have had several cen
turies of experience with the use of tradition
al medicine in health care. Developed coun
tries may find this experience useful;
Neither developed nor developing countries
have an effective regulatory mechanism to
ensure the safety, efficacy and quality of
herbal remedies;

Almost all herbal remedies marketed in
developed and developing countries are
OTC products, although some of these are...
known to be toxic;
In both developed and developing countries
a herbal medicine, if marketed as food, is not
regulated; but if the same product is market
ed as a traditional medicine, it is regulated;
In all developed and most developing coun
tries, there are no systems, self-regulatory' or
otherwise, for the training, certification and
registration of traditional healers or herbal
ists. Consumers have no guarantee that the
traditional healers or the herbalists whom
they visit to obtain health care have the nec
essary qualifications.

6
The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan

Newsletter

There is need to develop guidelines for national
policies on herbal remedies which can serve as a
model to enable countries to develop their own
national policies on traditional medicine.

Regulation, patterns of
utilisation and consumers'
perceptions of herbal
remedies and
traditional medicines yv
in selected countries 'Ik
In the developed countries, consumers are mak
ing a deliberate choice in opting for herbal
remedies. Their popularity is widespread in
-x North America, Western Europe, Japan and
VAustralia. In the developing countries, on the
other hand, a vast majority of the people use tra
ditional medicines because modern health care
sendees are not accessible, available or afford
able to them. (1,2,3,4,5)

International market prices of top-selling
herbs have been published. Some of the more
popular herbs such as Echinacea and Gold
enseal sell for quite a high wholesale price of
about $30-$50 per pound for their roots. The
most expensive herb in the world is wild Chi
nese Ginseng. It sells for $1000 a gram and is
traded in the market place. (6a) There is very lit
tle published data on retail prices of herbal
remedies and how much consumers pay out of
pocket for them particularly in developing
countries.

Four cases of acute hepatitis attributable to sin
gle plants or mixtures were reported in British
patients taking Vallerian and Scutellaria.(44)
Valerian is one of the top selling herbs in the
US.(45)
In Belgium 70 cases of renal impairment attrib
utable to preparations based on Chinese plants
were recently reported.(46)
A neonatal death where mother had been drink
ing herbal tea was reported in 1988.(47)
One research field that has been neglected and
poorly studied is the potential interaction
between herbal remedies and modern pharma
ceuticals.(48) This is another consumer concern
since many people both in developed and
developing countries take herbal remedies and
modern drugs together and do not reveal this to
their physicians or pharmacists.

Developing Countries
Traditional systems of health care and herbal
remedies were freely available in developing
countries for several centuries. WHO came into
existence in 1948. But only in 1976 WHO decid
ed that traditional healers and midwives, previ
ously seen as an obstacle to progress, must play
their part.(49) The Traditional Medicines Pro
gramme under a Director was set up in 1978.

remedies reported in developed
countries

What is WHO's policy on traditional medicine?
Does the WHO consider traditional medicine as
merely a substitute for modern medicine when
the latter is either not accessible, available or
affordable to the poor in the Third World? Or is
traditional
medicine a
Worldwide Phytomedicine Market, 1994
valid health
per Dr Gninwald, PhytoPharm, Phytotherapeutics market
technology in
| Country
Million USS @ retail
|
itself?

There is a long list of medicinal plants that are
toxic to the liver (38-41). Germander has been
used with apparent safety for centuries. It was
in the early 1990s, that Germander was first
identified as a hepatotoxic drug.(42) In May
1992, all preparations containing Germander
were withdrawn from the market and banned in
France. This lead was not followed in Canada,
where the first two cases of hepatitis were
reported recently.(43)

In tire mid
seventies, it
was estimat
ed by the
WHO, that
about 80 per
cent of the
world's peo
ple had no

uAdverse reactions to herbal

European Union

'

6,000

Rest of Europe

500

Asia

2,300

Japan

2,100

North America

1.500

Total

12,400

In Julv 1W6 USP Open Conferences on Botanical* for Medical A Dietary Uses: Standards A
Information Issues. Proceedings of the Conference. United States Phannacopeial Convention Inc.

7

The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan

Herbal Remedies: Consumer Protection Concerns

Newsletter

access to modern health care. As recently as medicines is not intended to give recognition to
1993, it was reported by the Director of the traditional healers, who are not recognised in
WHO Traditional Medicine Programme that 80 Malaysia.(61).
per cent of the world's inhabitants rely chiefly
In Pakistan, on the other hand, traditional
on traditional medicines, mainly plant based,
for their primary health care needs.(50) It is dif healers are registered by the Ministry of Health.
ficult to understand how this precise numerical They are responsible for the safety, efficacy and
value was arrived at and the particular research quality of the medicines they prescribe and dis
methodology used to determine it. It is relevant pense. There is no regulatory control of tradi
to note that this figure fits very well with the tional medicines.(63) Not all the traditional
other side of the coin. More than 80 per cent of medicines consumers use are purchased from
health budgets in developing countries are the traditional healers. Regulating the tradition
directed to services that reach approximately. 20 al healers and not the traditional medicines will
per cent of the population.(51) This figure refers therefore, not ensure consumer safety.
to modern health services.

B Thailand
E Malaysia and Pakistan
Regulatory systems for the control of tradition
al medicine vary widely among developing
countries. Malaysia, for example, introduced
the Drugs & Cosmetic Control Act (1984) to reg
ulate and control traditional medicine.(59) Only
those preparations that are processed and pre
sented in modem dosage forms such as tablets,
capsules and oral liquids will be subjected to
evaluation, approval and registration. Raw
materials such as seeds, or any parts of plants
will not be registered. (60) These will include
herbs sold as food or drinks such as herbal teas
which are not regulated. For example, the
advertisement for "Tea of Longevity" states,
"suitable and beneficial to many ailments
including migraine, weak heart, hernia, men
strual pain, kidney stones, rheumatism, arthri
tis, sexual stress, impotence, frostbite, internal
and external cancer and infections". A retail
pack of 150 mg costs between 160-240
Malaysian
Ringgits
(USS62-96).
(60b) This is
equivalent
to 10 days
wages of an
unskilled
worker in
Malaysia.

The manda
tory registra
tion of tradi
tional

The Ministry of Health promotes the use of 66
traditional medicinal plants in primary health
care (PHC). This is based on the scientific evi
dence of efficacy of these plants as well as on
traditional patterns of utilisation. The Ministry
of Health also promotes the use of traditional
medicine in state-run hospitals and health ser
vice centres.
However, herbs are available in the market
in various forms of commercial products,
including cosmetic lotions, creams and soaps as
well as a vast pharmacopoeia of herbal prepara
tions in modern dosage forms. Food and dietary
supplements with medicinal properties are also
available. About 100,000 traditional healers
were involved in the preparation of herbal med
icines in 1987(69).

Republic of Korea
The Republic of Korea is unique in that tradi
tional medicine is favoured equally by all levels
of society. Health insurance coverage is avail
able for traditional medicine and traditional
medical practitioners typically earn more than
modern medical practitioners due to the popu
larity of the traditional approach to health care.
However, only 15 to 20 per cent of the national
health budget is allocated for traditional med
ical service.(70)
The traditional medicine market is estimated
at about $2 billion a year or per capita con
sumption of $46 per year.

The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan

Herbal Remedies: Consumer Protection Concerns

Newsletter

It would appear that the Republic of Korea is
perhaps the only country where pharmacists
have to be licensed in traditional medicine
before they can stock and sell traditional medicine.

India

efficacy of herbal remedies is due to the syner
gistic activity among the several ingredients of
herbal mixtures. Complex mixtures of plants or
herbs form the basis of traditional medicines.
The mixtures are usually subject to crushing,
heating, boiling, etc. It is possible that this
process may change the chemical structure of
the active ingredient in the plants.

Traditional medicine in India is regulated by the
Drugs & Cosmetic Act 1940 (Act No. 23 of 1940).
Traditional healers do not accept that the
This Act regulates the import, manufacture, dis efficacy is necessarily due to the active ingredi
tribution and sale of drugs. A separate section ents in the plant. According to them, modern
deals with traditional drugs. There are three clinical pharmacologists by their "active ingredi
well known and widely used systems of medi ent" approach, take the knowledge from the
cine in India, namely Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibb plant but throw away the wisdom of centuries.
and Siddha. Each system uses its own variety of
herbal remedies. For the purpose of this Act, all
If there is acceptable historical evidence that
herbal remedies belonging to these three sys traditional herbal remedies have been effective
tems are collectively known as Ayurvedic in the treatment of certain diseases, but neither
their active ingredients nor the mechanisms are
kjfdrugs.
known, will it be ethical or moral not to accept
Drugs & Cosmetics (Amendment) Act 1982 and use that treatment? Some examples of suc
cessful treatment by traditional medicines will
defines Ayurvedic drugs as follows:
be useful to answer these questions.
"Ayurvedic drugs include all medicines intend
In the late 1980s children attending the Der
ed for internal or external use or in the diagno
sis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of dis matology Department, Hospital for Sick Chil
dren,
London' showed marked improvements
ease or disorder in human beings or animals
and manufactured exclusively in accordance in their eczema symptoms. These improvements
with the formulae described in the authoritative were due to oral treatment with aqueous decoc
texts of Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibb & Siddha sys tions of a mixture of 10 Chinese medicinal
tems of medicine specified in the First Sched herbs.(77) Clinical experimentation and phar
macological testing revealed that a mixture of
ule".
the 10 herbs were necessary and that the effica
cy could not be attributed to any single active
ingredient from any one of the 10 Chinese herbs.

.Evaluation
•of
traditional
medicines
Clinical pharmacologists and . other scientists
working on medicinal plants focus all their
attention on isolating and identifying biological
ly active ingredients in medicinal plants and
herbs.
Traditional pharmacologists argue that the

I wish to conclude this section with a philo
sophical question. Is medical science one uni
versal and uniquely expressed (Western) para
digm - a biomedical paradigm? If it is possible
to conceive of alternative methodologies, theo
ries and practices in other domains such as
music, logic, linguistics, art and politics, is it not
possible to consider possibilities of alternative
methodologies in medical science, knowing that
doctors practice medicine within a biopsychoso
cial paradigm?

Is it possible for research scientists to exam
ine other methodologies, for example, using
experiential methods - an inductive approach,
to evaluate traditional herbal remedies?
9

The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan

Newsletter

y~i ■ 1 have been very impressed with your in future though it is not banned yet.
publication which I receive regularly.
Muhammad Irshad Khan.
Thank you. For the last quarter of a century I
have been teaching my students the value of
critical reasoning and the scientific method. For K=Ti As you mentioned in one of your newsletL-lj ter that the existing supporters should
the field of medicine the power of appropriate
clinical trials is great and established. The article introduce tire Network to others, I being med
you have published in your latest issue on clin ical representative of a pharmaceutical compa
ical trials is one of the simplest and easy to ny visit many doctors and have started intro
understand expose on the subject that I have ducing the Network to them. Many of these
come across. I wonder, if it will be possible to doctors are willing to be associated with the
get reprints of the article for my Institutes Network. I am sending the 20 names of the gen
physicians and students. Please keep up the eral practitioners from my area and I hope that
you would put them on your mailing list.
good work.
Prof. Azhar Masood A. Faruqui

A Medical Rep.

Executive Director & Professor of Cardiology
National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi

Thank you very much for your encouraging let
ter. We would be very willing to send you the
reprints of the article on Clinical Trials at the
price of Rs.'15 per copy (just to cover the actual
costs). Please let us know about the quantity
you require. Others can also ask for copies of the
reprint on the same terms.

T-1 , On Chlormezanon
LisSj J ran a medical store in Arifwala. In your
last newsletter I read that Chlormezanon
(Beserol®) is banned in other countries and its
use can be very dangerous to the consumers.
After reading this vital information I threw
away all the stock of this drug from my medical
store. My father was happy that such a source of
information is available in the country.
Mahboob AH Booby, Amin Medical Store, Arifioala.

j The newsletter is, no doubt, a treasure of
Lsj information about the rational use of
drugs. I suggest that every doctor must be a per
manent reader of it because it would help them
to prescribe only those drugs which have least
untoward effects. Going through the newsletter
I learnt about the serious safety problems linked
to chlormezanone. Regrettably, as has been
mentioned in the Newsletter, it is still freely
available in the country. I appreciate the role of
the Network in this regard because at least those
doctors who are permanent readers of the
Newsletter would avoid prescribing this drug

Thank you very much for the names. We have
temporarily put all the names on our mailing
list. I hope all the GPs would complete the^g)
enclosed forms on receiving this newsletter and
send these back to us so that we can put them
on our regular mailing list. Others are also
encouraged to spread the word around.
Ao” I am a consistent recipient of your
Ussa Newsletter since November last year.
During this time our eyes have been opened to
the more crucial facts about medicines which
are being sold in our country. We really admire
the struggle The Network has launched for the
rational use of drugs in our country Pakistan.
We will assist its cause and are spreading
awareness in the masses through our campaign.
Riaz Mohammad, Nowshera.

• On prescription only
in other countries, no drug, except the
OTC (over the counter) drugs is available to the
patient without prescription. But in our country
every kind of drug is available to the patient
any where through out the country without any
prescription. This is due to lack of interest and
negligence by the Government. So I may very
kindly request the government and authorities
concerned to take strict action against the viola
tors which will be in the favour of human life.
And this is one of the problems which is a hur
dle in the way of proper medication.

10
The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan

Dawood Kamal, Peshawar

Newsletter

Health And Pharmaceuticals in
Developing Countries: Towards
Social Justice and Equity.

ties, and field visits.

Major topics include:
• Drug Policy and Regulation
This collection of articles by Dr. • Selection and Quantification of Drugs
K Balasubramaniam, Pharma • Procurement Methods and Strategies
ceutical Adviser at Consumers • Quality Assurance
International Regional Office for e Kit Distribution
Asia-Pacific, makes a convinc o Financing Drug Supply
ing case for Primary Health Care 0 Store Management
and the achievement by devel o Inventory Control
oping countries of the goal of • Distribution Strategies
health for All. The author advocates the need for o Rational Drug Use
formulation and implementation of national • Drug Supply Management Information Sys
Health and drug policies based on the concepts
tems
of Primary Health Care.
o Indicator-based Assessments
This 215 page book costs LISS 15.00 mid is available from: Cl
ROAP P.O. Box 1045,10830 Penagu, Malaysia.

Tel: (+60) 4 2291396, Fax: (+60) 4 2286506
t^-mail:ciroap@pc.jariiig.my

For more information please contact directly:
Ms. Ellen van den Heuvel

IDA Foundation
P.O. Box 37098

Training Course in Managing
Drug Supply for Primary Health
Care
Managing Drug
Supply for Primary
Health Care

A training course in Managing
Drug Supply for Primary Health
Care is being organized jointly
by Management Sciences for
Health, Boston, USA and Inter
national Dispensary Association
in Amsterdam, The Netherlands
from 6-17 October 1997.

This is a very well regarded course on the sub
ject. The target audience for the course include
physicians, pharmacists, senior health system
managers, and technical assistance professionv-xflls from ministries of health, non-governmental
organizations, and donor agencies. And the
objectives of the course are as follows:
• Expose participants to modern management
principles of drug supply systems and to
teach how to apply them in their own specif
ic situation.
• Provide practical tools to decision makers in
essential drugs programs to improve their
level of performance.
• Exchange views and experiences between
senior decision-makers.
The course is designed for two weeks and con
sists of presentations, discussions, group activi

1030 AB Amsterdam

The Netherlands
Fax No.31-20-4031854

Tel No.31-20-4033051
e-mail: ida_sale@euronet.nl

We can also provide photocopies of the registra
tion forms. Provincial ministries of health
should consider their drug management offi
cials for benifiting from this training opportuni
ty

The Network Seminars
We are continuously receiving requests from all
over the country for organizing seminars and
we are queuing up all of these. Due to reorgani
zation going on in the office a backlog of request
has built up. At times it may lead to frustration
among you for not hearing back from us as
promptly as you would have expected. But
please bear with us and rest assured that we are
using this time to plan well all the forthcoming
seminars. One such preparatory' item is a list of
action points we have prepared to be shared
with our collaborators in these seminars. This is
a list of ideas for follow-up by the participants at
local level.

We would be getting in touch with all of you
who have written us in this connection by early
October 1997, so please be patient until then.
11

The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan

Newsletter

Latest ora Chlormezanone
Beserol and five other Chlormezanone contain
ing brands can still be purchased from almost
any medical store in the country. The irony is
that we will never be able to know how many
people suffered the lethal side effects of the
drug as we do not have any pharmacovigilance
system in the country.

This is a clear case of corporate irresponsibil
ity and double standards but also it highlights
the stark negligence and apathy of the Ministry
of Health, which has done nothing in practical
terms to safeguard the people. The drug is
banned in Western European countries and in
the United States for its toxicity. Not only
banned, it was lifted from the market to protect
potential users.

They also wrote a "Dear Doctor" letter on the
same line. Reportedly, on 3 April 1997 Searle
also informed MoH that "instructions have been
given to the Field Force to withdraw any left
over stocks of Beserol tablets from the market."
In almost one year the field force cannot with
draw it from the market. How efficient!

Likewise, MoH says that it has banned the
drug though it made no effort in this matter of
public safety to inform the prescribers and the
public about the problem. On paper both the
manufacturer and the regulators are well pro
tected, but the fact remains that people are still
exposed to the lethal potentials of the drug
through its continued availability in the market.

Beserol' , the leading brand in Pakistan is
People in Pakistan are as vulnerable to
manufactured by Searle under license from develop Epidermal Necrolysis and die as any
Sanofi Winthrop. Searle has informed us that body in France or in the US.
they did write a letter to Federal MoH in
November 1996 about their decision to discon
We hope that instead of waiting for their last
tinue the further manufacture of the drug tablet to be sold, the manufacturers will call
because of its toxicity reports from Europe. back their stocks from the shops.

The Network’s Newsletter is a
member of the International
Society of Drug Bulletins
(ISDB), a network of
independent drug bulletins
which aims to promote
international exchange of
quality information on drugs
and therapeutics.

Chairman Editorial Board
Prof Tariq Iqbal Bhutta

Editor
Dr Zafar Mirza

Desktopping & Product^.
Badar ul Islam

International Advisors
Dr Andrew Herxheimer
Chairman, International Society of
Drug Bulletins, UK
Dr K Balasubramaniam
Pharmaceutical Adviser, Consumers
International, Penang, Malaysia
Dr Leo Offerhaus
Copenhagen, Denmark

Philippa Saunders
Essential Drugs Project. UK

Dr Zafarullah Chowdhury
Projects Coordinator, Peoples’ Health
Centre, Bangladesh

1
The Network is funded,
by OXFAM, UNICEF, CJ
and StJF.

The Network of
Association for Rational Use
of Medication In Pakistan
H No: 60-A, Str: 39, F-10/4
PO Box 2563,
Islamabad, Pakistan.
Ph:+92-51-281755
Fax: +92-51-291552
e-mail:
zafar@arump.sdnpk.undp.org

The Network - Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan
w.»wauy « consumer I’rotedion
through Quality Publications

pdiut
1111101

Saving
> India's
medical
heritage

ndia is the proud possessor of a

medical heritage that has perhaps
the longest unbroken history in
human civilization.

This heritage of ours is sought

after by nationsricherinindustrial
wealth and modem technology
but lacking the incredible natural resources that
is ours for the taking .

It is a legacy that the Foundation for the
Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions means to

rejuvenate, with the help of many others, for the
use of the people of India. We also mean to share

it on fair terms. We are particularly interested in
interaction with countries that have a strong
traditional health culture like the regions of

South-East Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Medicinal plants form the main resource base of
traditional medicine in India. Over 7,000 species of

plants found in different ecosystems are used for
medicine in the country. Our traditional health
culture functions through two social streams. One
is the local or folk stream, the other is the codefied

or shastriya stream which includes Ayurveda,
The Foundation is registered under the Charitable
Societies Act (Bom. 674 / 91 / GBBSD) and the
Public Trust Act of 1860 (F 25222 Bombay ).

Siddha, Unani and Tibetan systems of medicine.

THE SHASTRIYA STREAM

THE FOLK STREAM
he

village - based

he shastriya stream consists

traditions of folk medicine

of codefied

are purely

empirical.

that

They represent

a highly

knowledge

has

sophisticated

theoretical

foundations

decentralised knowledge

expressed in thousands of

of health care which is

regional

indigenous, local resource
based, community rooted and region specific.

covering treatises on all
branches of medicine and surgery. Out of an

The corpus of experiences that these traditions

estimated 100,000 medical manuscripts lying

encompass is enormous. The regional bio

in oriental libraries and private collections in

diversity, trees, shrubs, grass, climbers, runners
etc., form the major resource base

of these

traditions, alongside the more limited use of

India

and abroad, only

teachers in Indian medical schools.

Millions of households practise home remedies

and possess knowledge of local foods and

manage over 90% of rural deliveries. Herbal
healers, monks, bone - setters, tribal doctors and

a host of specialists in various areas attend to a
variety of rural health problems. All these local
community - based actors are the carriers of local

health traditions.

one

percent are

available and in cunent use by students and

animal products and minerals.

nutrition. Lakhs of traditional birth attendants

manuscripts

• Cassia auriculata

PROMISE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

raditional knowledge of

FRLHT
he task of revitalising

plant, animal and mineral

India's medical heritage is

resources is like having a

so large and multi - faceted

vast treasure trove in your

that there is a need for one

You don't

and more centres to co -

know that it’s there, but

ordinate activities. This is

backyard.

once having found ityou

the role of FRLHT. It is a

can revel in its riches forever. Modern India can

non-governmental foundation which has links

rediscover its medical heritage and serve itself

with influential sections of the traditional

medicine has a

medical community, modern physicians,

contemporary relevance. For one, revitalisation

community health organisations, scientists,

of folk traditions appears to hold a real potential

industry and the government.

better because traditional

for self - reliance for millions of rural people in

primary health care.
Another level on which the contemporary

relevance of our heritage can be explored is by
building upon the strengths of the shastriya
stream in specialised fields like orthopaedics,
opthalmology, mental health, cardiac, respiratory,

GIT and liver disorders, mother and child care
and food and nutrition. By doing this we can

make new and original contributions to public
health in India and to the world of medicine.

BEHIND
TUI
Iilfi1

SCENES
AT
rniiiT

FRLHT

THRUST AREAS

□ Traditional medicine and primary
health care
□
In situ and ex situ conservation of
the bio-diversity used by traditional
medicine.

□
Computerised multi-disciplinary
databases on medicinal plants

□ Building traditional medical
centres in specialised fields
□
International co-operation
traditional medicine.

in

□ Theoretical foundations and
epistemology of traditional medicine

CURRENT PROJECTS

CONSERVATION OF
MEDICINAL PLANTS
-A. chain of medicinal plants conservation
parks ( MPCPs ) and medicinal

plants

wilderness reserve areas (MPCAs ) are being

established in the Western and Eastern ghats
across the

States of Karnataka, Kerala and

Tamil Nadu.

A

major step

towards

conservation of genetic resources, this measure

© An ex situ conservation area

is the first of its kind in India. We hope it is the
forerunner of similar efforts in other parts of

the country.
IN SITU CONSERVATION

Thirty medicinal plants conservation areas of

200 ha each have been set up to conserve cross
• An in situ conservation area

sections of diverse ecosystems containing

medicinal plants species and their genetic

diversity.
EX SITU CONSERVATION

Fifteen medicinal plants conservation parks
have been established to conserve germ plasm
in field gene banks of the most threatened

medicinal plants species.

TRAINING IN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY

ECO - DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Training - orientation programmes are

Small processing units are being set up in

currently on for botanists, foresters and others.

Karnataka , Tamil Nadu and Kerala as an

They include such topics as management of field

integral part of the conservation strategy.

gene banks and other practical aspects of
conservation biology.

These units demonstrate

how

development projects can benefit

eco local

PUBLIC AWARENESS

communities living around medicinal plants

conservation areas. The MPUswill sustainably

A scheme is underway to create an awareness

utilize local medicinal plants and employ

of the conservation effort, along with a sense of

tribal women and youth.

the public accountability of all those involved

FIELD NURSERIES

meetings with local communities.

in it, through the use of media, publications and

MPCAs and MPCPs are also being used to

MEDICINAL PLANTS
DATABASES

promote a chain of nurseries and seed banks
that will provide basic planting material for

rural households for their primary health

The Indian Medicinal Plants National

needs.

Network

of

Distributed

Databases

(Inmedplan), is an initiative being developed
RESEARCH

in collaboration with a number of specialised

The research group is preparing a Red Data

national nodal agencies involved in plant

Book on threatened medicinal plants. A unique

related work.

ethno-botanical study for standardising the

correlation between traditional names and

Its main objective is to generate reliable

%

multi-disciplinary information on Indian

botanical names is also being compiled along

medicinal plants and to serve information

with co-ordinated projects on agro-technology

needs of sectors like agriculture, research,

of medicinal plants.

pharmaceutical industry and

plants conservation.

medicinal

FUTURE PLANS

PROPOSAL 1

RESOURCE CENTRES FOR TRADITIONAL

MEDICINE AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
In the context of rural India and S. E. Asia,

• Saraca indica

JP

traditional medicine can help village communities

Sg

achieve 100 percent self - reliance in primary health

S?

care. This is because every eco - system has its own

5

flora, fauna and mineral resources and at the same
5g ^time rich ethno - biological traditions exist amongst
3a

the communities who inhabit these eco - systems.

Sg

There is thus a nexus between cultural diversity and

bio - diversity within each eco-system.
The problem is that the nexus has become weak

due to various historical, sociological and material
reasons. The challenge is to revitalise this nexus and

1

make it fully functional.

gg
• Caesalpinia sappan

The proposal is to set up a network of regional

training centres for community health workers in
gg

India and teach them practical applications of

traditional medicine in primary health care. The
Sa

centres would cover subjects like growing and
^^processing plants, medical properties and uses of

plants in primary health care and methods to
revitalise local health traditions.
The objective is to establish training infrastructure

in the country that can supplement

programs

aimed at achieving 'health for all" by application of

traditional medicine.

&

i

PROPOSAL 3

PROPOSAL 2

PROPOSAL 4

STUDY OF MEDICAL MANUSCRIPTS

A CHAIN OF SPECIALISED

There

MEDICAL CENTRES

are

reportedly 100,000 medical

manuscripts of traditional medicine lying in
The foundation, in collaboration with others,

oriental libraries and private collections.

is keen on setting up a chain of specialised medical

centres dealing with health areas in which
traditional medicine is strong: arthritis, GIT and

liver disorders, respiratory

and

cardiac

problems, skin diseases, mental health,

The proposal is to classify and catalogue these
manuscripts, support relevant research on these

manuscripts by scholars, andestablishanadvanced

centre for studies on theoretical foundations of
indigenous medical knowledge systems.

orthopaedics, opthalmology, muscular and
INTERNATIONAL CO - OPERATION WITH

nervous disorders, and pharmaceuticals.

The idea is to build these centres around

COUNTRIES IN S. E. ASIA, AFRICA AND

AMERICA

competent traditional physicians who are active

S.

in the above fields. Whereas the centres will

Several countries in Asia, Africa and Latin
America have a rich medical heritage. The Indian
and Chinese heritage is also codefied. The materia
medica of these traditions share considerable
common natural resources viz plant, animal and
mineral.
The theoretical framework of Indian and Chinese
medicine share some common ground with regard
to foundations, concepts and categories. The
• proposal is to explore mutually beneficial

provide purely traditional

management of

health conditions they will all be equipped
with modern diagnostic tools to undertake

rigourous documentation of the cases managed
on ' modem parameters ’. Thus, case studies will

be built up by each centre which can be used
to open professional

communication and

dialogue with the wider medical community in

India and abroad.
Apart from valuable health services

to

patients we expect these centres to throw up

research leads that will contribute to new
developments in the world of medicare.

collaborative projects in areas like :
* natural products databases
* drug development
* management of tropical health conditions
* comparative epistemology of traditional medical
systems of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

$

FRLHT- ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

The three bodies mentioned below are
responsible for the management of the Foundation.
THE GOVERNING COUNCIL
This is the highest policy - making body of the

Foundation. Its composition is drawn from a wide
^pectrum of public life including limited gover

nment participation.
O

Bauhinia sp.
THE TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEES

These are a series of advisory committees

consistingof technical experts attached to each of the
thrust activities of the Foundation. The committees
are expected to make a periodic review of the

• Punica granata

technical

quality

and content of the programs

supported by the Foundation.

THE EXECUTIVE BOARD

The board is responsible for the total co-ordination,
^ministration and financial management of the
Foundation. The board is headed by an Executive

Director.

FRLHT - THE GOVERNING COUNCIL
NAME, DESIGNATION

BACKGROUND

Vd. Bhagwan Das

Eminent Ayurvedic scholar, New Delhi

S. G. PITRODA

Advisor to the

Vd. B. P. Nanai

Eminent Ayurvedic physician, Pune

Chairman

Prime Minister on technology missions,
former Chairman of Telecom Commission

Vd. Chandrasekharan Nair

of India.

Eminent

traditional

orthopaedic

practitioner.

T. N. Seshan

Election Commissioner, India.

Vice - Chairman

Former Cabinet Secretary, former member

Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and

of Planning Commission, former Secretary

Technology, Thiruvananthapuram

Eh-. M. S. Valiathan

Former Medical Director, Shree Chitra

of Ministry of Environment and Forest^^

B. N. Tandon
Darshan Shankar

Former co-ordinator Inter -disciplinary

Executive Director

Centre for Research and Training in

Eminent gastroenterologist, New Delhi

Dr. M. Natarajan

Eminent orthopaedic surgeon, Madras

Dr. S. S. Badrinath

Eminent opthalmologist and Medical

Development, University of Bombay.

Former Secretary, Academy of
Development Science, Maharashtra.

Director, Sankara Nethralaya, Madras

Convenor, Lok Swasthya Parampara
Samvardhan Samiti

N. K. Seshan

Secretary, Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust,
New Delhi

Ex - officio member

Representative of Secretary of Ministry of

Environment and Forests, GOI

Dr. Sukh Dev

Eminent Natural Products Chemist,
New Delhi

Vd. G. G. Gangadharan

Director,

Shri Banwari

Resident Editor, Jansatta, New Delhi

Centre for Indian Medical Heritage

Director, Centre for Indian Knowledg<^^

Vardach ary

Distinguished civil servant, New Delhi

A. V. Balasubramaniam
Systems, Madras.

Prof. Tara Mehta

Professor of Bio - Chemistry, University of
Baroda

Dr. H. Sudarshan

Vd. R. M. Nanai

Director, Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana
Kendra, B. R. Hills, Mysore.

Dr. Prakash Desai

Eminent Ayurvedic physician, Bombay

Shri. K. K. Somani

Eminent psychiatrist, USA

Managing Director, Shree Vidya

Paper Mills
Dr. P. Pushpangadhan

Director, Tropical Botanical Garden and

Shri P. R. Krishna Kumar

Managing Director, Arya Vaidya Pharmacy,

Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram

Ashok Jhunjunwala

Professor, I IT, Madras

Coimbatore

Published by FRLHT,
NO.50, 2nd Stage, 3rd Main,
M. S. H, Layout, Anand Nagar,
BANGALORE - 560 024

j' ’Telephone: 333 69 09

Tele Fax: 91 -80 333 41 67

SH1MLA: Eight people were killed and nine injured when a private
bus carrying them rolled down i mountain in Chamba district on
Monday. While six people died on the spot, two succumbed to their
injuries in hospital. —UNI

Tiwari tides out merger
LUCKNOW: "The question of breakaway Congress leaders going
back to the parent organisation does not arise as long the Congress
party persists with its present policy under the leadership of MrP.V.
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' Dr a- -1 o

HERBAL AND HOME REMEDIES - AN ANSWER TO "HEALTH FOR ALL"

INTRODUCTION
The history of medicine is as old as the history of man. Attempts
at tackling illness and maintaining health have originated at
each hearth and home, becoming an inextricable part of local
culture and. way of life.

The earliest trials have been instinctive and resolved around
easily available HOME and HERBAL REMEDIES,
The Essential differences in practices between people to people
depends on their tradition and culture. What is remarkable in
these traditions is that certain practices are common to most
people, using the same or similar herbs for specific illnessese
"FOR FAR TOO LONG, TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE AND
'MODERN' MEDICINE HAVE GONE THEIR SEPERATE WAYS IN
MUTUAL ANTIPATHY. YET ARE NOT THEIR GOALS IDENTICAL
................ TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF MANKIND AND THEREBY
THE QUALITY OF LIFE? ONLY THE BLINKERED MIND WOULD
ASSUME THAT EACH HAS NOTHING TO LEARN FROM THE OTHER".
- H. MAHLER, Formerly Director General W.H.O.

The World Health Organisation defines Traditional Medicine as
"the sum total of all the knowledge and practices, whether
explicable or not, used in diagnosis, prevention and elimination
of physical, mental or social imbalance and relying exclusively
on practical experience and observation, handed down from
generation to generation, whether verbally or in writing".
HERBAL MEDICINE (PHYTOTHERAPY) AND HOME REMEDIES is one such

tradition in India.
The Government of India officially recognises formalised
systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Yoga,
Naturopathy and Homeopathy. The non-formalized systems like
tribal medicine, herbal and home remedies which have provided

.2.

the basis, sustenance and rejuvenati6n avenues to these
systems remain unrecognised because of their inherent amorphous
nature.
Several of the important and useful medicines we use today
come from plants. Many of these have now been synthesized,
yet it is in many instances easier, cheaper and with less
side-effects to obtain medicines directly from plants.

THE NEED FOR HERBAL / HOME REMEDIES

The W.H.O. has resolved to provide Health for All by 2000 A.D.,
and ^ndia as a member is committed to this objective. The nee^
to use all resources to achieve this is well appreciated.

"THE COUNTRY HAS A LARGE STOCK OF HEALTH MANPOWER....
IN VARIOUS SYSTEMS. THIS RESOURCE HAS NOT SO FAR
BEEN ADEQUATELY UTILIZED".
- National Health PSlicy - 1989,
Govt, of India

According to "World Drug Situation", less than 30% of the
Indian population has access to Allopathic drugs. "Inspite
of a network of Primary Health Centres and sub-centres,
villagers have to depend upon their traditional healers and
healing methods because of their availability, accessibility,
dependability and utility". These healers and their methods
are based on herbs.' Thus a significant number of people
depend on herbal and home remedies as their only health re
source, or as a substitute for or complement to modern medicine.
They use it because they regard this as "taeir" system, in
which they will always have faith and belief.

"Herbal remedies will be with us for a long time. It is
therefore important to bring the use of these remedies into

an existing framework of rational, scientific use of medicines".

HOLISTIC APPROACH

It is being increasingly understood that illness is not only
a breakdown in biochemical, physical and mental factors. It
is a disharmony in social, psychological and spiritual areas
too. The traditional practitioner often depends on his ability
to mobilize patient's hopes, restore morale and gain re
acceptance in Society in addition to the herbs used. This
concern with the totality of human functions in Society raises
traditional practices to HOLISM.
ACCESS

Access of medicine to those who are ill, the most needy obviously the poor - is becoming increasingly difficult as
a result of several factors, the economic policies of the
countiy and privatization/commercialization of health care
being the more important ones. In this context it is
imperative that we promote remedies easily available and
accessible to the poor. No doubt herbal medicine is the
answer.

RECOGNIZING TRADITIONAL WISDOM
Modern Medical Science holds that beliefs and practices
that cannot be 'experimentally' proved is not worthwhile.
However it is to be remembered that human being is a mystery
and all that influences him cannot be evaluated through
laboratory analysis. Lt is necessary for us to recognise
that there are other systems of thought which are valid ' .
and authentic. We hav; yet to explore this vast storehouse
of traditional medicine. Luckily, there is a realization
today that there is a need to preserve the enormous trove
of wisdom and traditional knowledge as also the cultures
associated with them. Not only must flora and fauna be
protected, but also the knowledge data base often stored
in the memories of elders and traditional healers.

"YOU MUST NOT BE ASHAMED TO ASK COMMON PEOPLE IF
SOMETHING SEEMS USEFUL TO YOU AS A REMEDY BECAUSE
I THINK THAT THE ART OF MEDICINE AS A WHOLE WAS
DISCOVERED THAT WAY"
- Hippocrates - father of modern medicine

"AS PART OF ITS EFFORTS IN PROMOTING COMMUNITY HEALTH,
C.
H.A.I.
RECOGNISES THE CRUCIAL ROLE HERBAL MEDICINE
AND HOME REMEDIES PLAY IN THE LIFE AND HEALTH OF THE
POOR.

People in rural areas are able to find their own remedies in
nature for most of the common ailments. Jaundice is just one f
example where modern medicine fails to provide effective remedy
whereas simple herbs like the tender leaves of Ricinus communis
(castor oil plants), Phillantus niruri (Bhulavali or Kizhukanelli), Lausonia alba (mehandi) and a host of other herbs are
real life saving drugs. In some rural dispensaries uterine
problems and laucorrhoea are effectively being treated with
an'aristam' prepared of Hibiscus flowers (shoe flowers).

At least 90/*> of our ailments can easily be treated with low
cost or no cost herbal and home remedies.

CHAI is making a concerted effort to promote these simple
remedies which will go a long way in empowering people to
manage health problems by themselves and thus liberate them
from the commercialised and exploitive health care system.
We are sure ;;hat you also recognise this need and will be
helping this endeavour at whatever level and whichever
capacity you are operating in. Come, Let us join hands
and work together to make health a reality for all .'
Section for Alternate Systems of Medicine
Community Health Department (C.H.D.)
C.
H.A.I.,
P.B. No. 2126
Secunderabad 500 003
Andhra Pradesh

£

2EXPRESSWEEK MiMl. r,

The medicinal and
aromatic magic of mint
INTS (Men
tha) are aro
matic plants
belonging to the Labifamily.
Originally from Europe,
they are now grown
almost all over the
world.
There are about 25
species of the plant
(which are mostly from
Eurasia) and umpteen
number of hybrid vari
eties which have dis
tinctly
different
flavours. They are com
mercially exploited
throughout the world
for their medicinal and
aromatic properties.
Mint has been cultivated
since ancient times and has
also been found in Egyptian
tombs dating as far back as
1,000 B.C.
According to Greek
mythology, 'Mintha' was a
beautiful nymph and one of
the Gods, Pluto fell in love
with her. But because of his
jealous wife, Pluto was forced
to transform her into this
beautiful, fragrant herb.
It was the Romans who
introduced this plant into
Europe and Britain. From
here it found its way to vari
ous other parts of the world
right from the Americas to
the Far East.
The Japanese have been
growing it for at least 2,000
years now, to extract men
thol.
They have been the chief
exploiters of this herb.
Some of the popular vari
eties of mint are Mentha spicata (spear mint), Mentha
arvensis (Japanese pepper
mint), Mentha piperita (pep
permint), Menthasuaveolens
(applemint), Mentha rotundifolia (Pineapple mint),

Care to be taken:

M

❖ The soil should
always be kept moist.
But at the same time
water should not be
allowed to get logged.
❖ It is advisable to
grow the plants in
partial shade as it
gives a better taste to
the leaves.

Harvesting:
Pick mint leaves
when the plant has
spread quite well.
It can be used
fresh or can be stored
after drying.

Medicinal use:
mentha gentilig (ginger
mint), etc.
All the different varieties of
mint are fragrant herbs
which can grow up to three
feet in height. These grow at a
rapid pace and spread like
runners.
Their leaves are oval, often
purple-tinged, slightly ser
rated along the edge, soft but
thick and are sweet-scented.

Howto grow mint:
The roots of the original
mintplantshouldbeseparated into parts and planted in
rich, moist soil. New shoots
emerge within 10 to 20 days.
It can be grown in pots, or
along narrow strips of land
around the house as it is a
wonderful garden cover or on
windowsills.
Mint plants spread easily. It
is advisable to separate the
different varieties of mints by
barriers of sunken slates, if
they are grown on the
ground.
Mint can be planted at any
time of the year, but it
depends on the availability of
planting material.

❖Mint leaves help to ease
indigestion, in relaxing mus
cles of the digestive tract,
increases appetite and is a
sure remedy for irritable
bowel syndromes.
+It is known to decrease
inflammation and helps heal
’ulcers in the digestive organs.
❖Menthol extracted from
mint helps kill bacteria and
parasites in the stomach and
balances the intestinal fluids.
❖ It also eases nervous
headaches,
including
migraines and neuralgia.
+ It is widely used by many
aromatherapists to relieve
sinus and lung congestion.
+To tackle sinus problems,
put a drop of menthol into a
steaming pan of water and
inhale. It relieves your pain in
minutes.
❖It is also used in balms as a
cooling and relaxing agent.
Mint is also found in dental
products and is used more
for its flavour than for its
medicinal values. Some
brands of tobacco are also
metholatedfor purposes of
flavour and scent.
■
Seena

J why and how the decision to utilize one option over another

W. H. R. Rivers nze Paper

.is made, and therefore may be a more fruitful enterprise for

the field worker than the development of taxonomic classi

UNDERSTANDING MEDICAL SYSTEMS:

fications of treatments and the particular medical system

TRADITIONAL, MODERN, AND SYNCRETIC

from which they derive.

HEALTH CARE ALTERNATIVES IN

Medical Systems: Traditional or Modern

MEDICALL' PLURALISTIC SOCIETIES

A popular distinction is made in the literature between
“traditional” medical practices and beliefs and “modern”

Bradley P. Stone, MA
Anthropology nd Medicine. Indiana Lnivrrsnx

biomedicine (variously labeled Western, cosmopolitan, al
lopathic, or scientific medicine: sec Hahn and Kleinman

[ Bradlev Philip Slyer is a medical student and a doctoral student in anthro
pology at Indiana i‘niversity. lie received his AB degree inagna cum laudc
in biological anthrbologrjrom Harvard in 1981. He attended McGill Ini-

versify as a IVilliar l.wn MacKengie King Scholar, receiving his MA degree

in medical anthro/logv in 198-1. His current research concerns medical an
thropology and adulation to high altitude, j

.

'

1983) on the other. Fabrcga and Manning (1979.41) define
a “medical care system” as

the constellation of beliefs, knowledge, practices, personnel, and
facilities and resources (hat together structure and pattern the
wav members of a sociocultural group obtain care and treatment
of illness.

^kithropolojical investigations of health care practices

These authors suggest that essentially two polar medical

liWc demonstnted that medical pluralism, or the existence

care systems can be identified across the world, “folk” and

and use of maiy different health care alternatives within so

“Western biomedical.” Folk systems can be thought of as

cieties, is the r Ic and not the exception the world over (Les

local, indigenous, or consisting of traditional health care

lie 1976, !980:Durrkin-Longlcy 1984). Medically pluralistic

societies offer. variety of treatment options (physician, spir

practices that have evolved within particular cultural set
tings and which', until recently, provided the sole source of

itist. pharmacst. curandero. and so on) that health seekers

health care for most of the world's population. Western

may choose it utilize exclusively, successively, or simulta

biomedical practices arc held to be based upon the princi

neously (Rom.nucci-Schwariz 1969: Garrison 1977: Woods

ples of modern science, in which the concepts of health and

1977: Kinkier 981. 1985). Often, these alternatives arc held

illness arc viewed in terms of die organic, biological consti

to represent wrious systems of medical practice and ideol

tution of the human body. This view is further supported by

ogy, each dcri ing from a separate historical and philosoph

Good et al. (1979:141). who comment that

ical basis andvach providing a different mode or theory of
treatment for the individuals who use them. Indeed, the
“comparativcsiudy of medical systems” (Kleinman 1978;

Janzen 1978a Csordas 1985) is a major research interest

within medic.! anthropology, and it is therefore important
to develop a clear understanding and consistent usage

within the di.-ripline of the terms medical system. medical plu
ralism. and hedth care alternatives.

\^^t >s useful n this context to examine how various authors
iW^vsought i.H onlv to define medic al systems and medical

pljjrtilism. bu also to analyze the use of health services with
reference to tlesc conceptualizations. The question of “what

is" or what cinstitutcs a medical system (Press 1980) is ex
tremely probhmatic. for in defining and conceptualizing dif

ferent system of belief and action within a single society, the
prcsuppositicii is made that such distinctions arc operation
ally relevant o die persons who choose from among various

treatment ah.-rnatives. 1 argue below that the definition and
delineation ( 'separate medical systems within societies is

perhaps less aluablc for the development of an understand

ing ofhcalth-iceking behavior and health care decision mak
ing than the dear and focused study of the actual health care*
alternatives tiat people utilize in times of illness. An analysis

of the variety of health care options within societies, and the
sectors ofthctotal health care system from which they derive

(Kleinman

980, 1984), may provide a clearer picture of

basically, there are two systems of health care in the developing
world, one is traditional and prescient ilk: (he other modern, sci
entific. and Western in derivation. The two exist side by side, yet
remain functionally unrelated in any intentional sense.

Such a dichotomous view of health care systems has a long
history of acceptance by workers in international health and
medical anthropology. Goulds (1957) recognition of a dual

ism of treatment options in India, .dong with Koster's (1958)
observance of a similar pattern in Latin America, gave early

support to the concept that traditional and modern medical
practices constitute separate and alternative systems of

health care. More recently, work by Dunn (1976) has sug
gested that “traditional Asian medicine and cosmopolitan
medicine” are distinct, essentially independent systems of

health care that coexist within, and provide essential ser
vices to, the citizens of modern Asian nations. In light of this

research. Idling (1981) addresses the general issue of “rela
tions between traditional and modern medical systems” in

dilfcrcnt cultural settings around the world, and Worslev
(1982) similarly discusses “Western" and “non-Wcstern”

medical systems and their interaction cross-cullurally.
Yet social scientists who discuss health care decisions as a
choice between Western and non-Wcstern therapies present

a falsely restricted view of the complexity of the environment

and the multiplicity of therapies within a society. Press
(1969), for example, examines the use of modern physicians
and folk curers (curanderos) in urban Bogota, Colombia, and

focuses on the “dual use” of modern and traditional medical
Bradley P. Shner is ivilh the Department oj Anthropology and School

systems. While the concept of simultaneous utilization of

of Medicine. hdiana University. Rawles Hall 108. Bloomington. IN

two health resources remains an important contribution to
the literature. Press s analysis does not consider the manv

47405.

COMMUNITY HEALTH CEtt

47/1, (First i:loor)3i. Mj/kj Roa<f

potential sources of health care other than these two types of

methods (Gosminsky and Scrimshaw 1980: Lock 1980),

healers. Traditional and modern health care beliefs and

blurring this distinction significantly. Such a syncretic ap

practices arc apparently held to be self-contained, mutually

proach to health care delivery by practitioners confounds

exclusive bases ofhcaling and therapy, i.e., systems of health
care and medical treatment. Traditional ideas and practices

arc contrasted with biomedical or scientific therapies, and

their identification as cither modern or traditional.

Syncretism in Health Care: Traditional and Modern

these separate medical systems are viewed as generators of

The distinction between traditional and modern “opposes

treatment alternatives and choices in pluralistic societies.

the changing and creative nature ol modernity to an as
sumed stagnant and unchanging traditionalism" (Leslie

The implication of such a stance is that "medical decision
making" pertains primarily to a choice between modern

1976:6-7), even though the medical institutions labeled

medicine on the one hand, and traditional, indigenous, or

"traditional" have undergone considerable change in the

folk medical systems on the other.
However. it is clear that many different forms of tradi

last century. Ear from being wholly conservative, practition

tional medicine may exist within a single community (Un-

ers of traditional or folk medicine have shown increasing in
terest in the acquisition of new skills and the use of certain

scbuld 1975). Leslie (1976:1), for example, notes a plurality

"modern" treatments or technologies in their own work. Sci

of traditional medical systems (Chinese. Ayurvedic, and Yu-

entifically trained biomedical healers as well may make use

nani) coexisting with "cosmopolitan" medicine across the

of "traditional" or unscientific practices without paradox.

Asian continent, "most notably in China and India, but also

The kanpo clinic in modern urban Japan is a case in point

in Japan. Sri Lanka, and other countries.” These regional

The practice of medicine in these clinics is characterized by

g&rlical systems have maintained their essential identities as
l^raratc traditions, yet they have thrived side by side in

an integration of biomedical and traditional East Asian

pluralistic societies for ages. In this sense, pluralism is con

problems. Kanpo doctors arc licensed MD’s who utilize

ceived as a multiplicity of regional healing systems and tra
ditions. rather than as individual systems of traditional and

modern medicine. Each of the three regional systems is Ira- 1
ditional compared with biomedicine, but each is clearly very j

dilferent from the others in historical and philosophical/
bases.
This view is echoed by Hcggcnhougcn (1980a, 1980b).
who describes the pattern of medical pluralism in Malaysia

and observes that the "traditional” practices include
Ayurvedic. Chinese, and local Malay therapeutic tech

niques. In addition, Lasker (1981), working in the Ivory

Coast, documents the wide range ol health care practices
11 mt arc not a par, of the biomedical treatment system .Such
practices include the use of herbal medicines, and the heal

ing ellorts of diviners, cult prophets, and Moslem marabouts.
Decisions to use anv of these resources could be termed

choices of traditional health care alternatives, though clearly

medical approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of health

basically cosmopolitan notions of specific, cellular level disease
causation, cosmopolitan and East Asian diagnostic techniques.
and a totally .East Asian system of therapy | Lock 1980:1421.

The Taoist approach to nature is the foundation for thera

peutic action, and the goal of the practitioner is to restore

balance to the body by effecting biophysiological changes in
the individual. Such changes can come about via diet mod
ification, herbal therapy, or acupuncture or moxibustion.

Howcver, while
dietary advice is based on die classical theories of balancing rtn
and rant; foods . . the doctors do not present their ideas in the
classical terminology. They talk in terms of vitamins, carbohy
drates, proteins, and soon, and they believe that a diet balanced
in the classical wav will also provide a scientifically nutritious
meal | Lock 1980:1331.
The distinction between traditional and modern is very

J hex differ among themselves to a great degree.

hard to identify in this case. The fact that biomcdically

■Msimilar findings arc reported by Gosminskv and Scrim^mixx- (1980:267) in a discussion of the great variety ol tra

trained doctors arc also traditional healers, who use a mix

ditional medical resources available to workers on a plan

ture ol traditional and biomedical language and thought in
the practice of kanpo, makes it difficult to distinguish com

tation in Guatemala. Decisions regarding the form of treat

pletely between the txvo medical systems. Although biomed

ment are made with reference to a generally traditional

icine and East Asian medicine may be ‘‘comparlmcntal-

"complex of home remedies, folk enters, herbalists, mid-

iz.cd" and practiced independently or separately by some

xx i\es. spiritists, shamans," as xvell as a number ofdistinctly

dual practitioners (Lock 1980:201), the kanpo clinic appears

biomedical alternatixcs such as public and private clinics,

in many respects to be a resolution between the txvo ap

hospitals, pharmacists, and physicians. This evidence sup

proaches; both systems arc uniquely combined in what can

ports the assertion that the use ol the term "traditional" is

lie termed a single syncretic health care alternative. This

inadequate for a thorough understanding ol the range ol

conclusion is further borne out by the observation that much

health care alternatixcs in pluralistic societies.

of the symbolic content of the biomedical treatment svstem

I now wish to consider in some detail one ol the most se
rious problems of the tradition.d/modern dichotomization:

has been exported directly to the kanpo clinic: Lock reports

the inability in a great number of cases to ascribe definitive

of patients "wore the familiar white coat of his profession

and meaningful labels to the healing methods of various

and had a stethoscope protruding conspicuously from his

that one young doctor performing preliminary examinations

practitioners in a society. The use of the terms "traditional"

pocket" (1980:1 13). The kanpo clinic is thus a modern health

and “modern" tends to imply not only that therapy options

care resource that exhibits elements of both traditional and

within each system arc similar to one another, but also that

biomedical systems of illness diagnosis and treatment.

the boundary between systems is xvell delineated. Yet many

Further evidence that health care alternatives do not ai

health care providers incorporate elements of both tradi
tional and modern medical practices into their healing'

rways neatly fall into traditional and modern categories de
prives from the study of healers who combine elements of sex-

era! traditions in their curing belief's and practices, or who

multitude of alternatives, and decision making develops in

have incorporated biomedical methods to a greater or lesser

response to the availability of actual health care options,

degree into their own work. Cosminskv and Scrimshaw

rather than systems. Certain practitioners may be allied

(1980) report that in the pluralistic medical setting ofa Gua

more closely with biomedical or traditional models of health
care, but this sort of dualism falsely divides the world of

temalan plantation, certain individuals may perform multi

healers into two separate camps. As the ease of Maria dem

ple health care functions for members of the community.

One such individual is Maria, a "traditional or empirical

onstrates. in practice there may be much overlap between

midwife" who practices a syncretic form of midwifery that

these approaches.

exhibits elements of both traditional and biomedical ap

At this point, the question may appropriately be asked:

proaches to birth. Maria is the most active and visible health

To what extent is the very concept of a medical system, and

care provider on the plantation, and her roles extend well

the subsequent comparative analysis of such systems, a

beyond her title of’ cumadrona. or midwife As a knowledgea

product ofa dccontcxtualizing social science, an assumption

ble and proficient practitioner, she is highly regarded by

of the ways in which societies arc organized and of the ways

members of the community and is called to attend nearly all

in which this organization is to be investigated? In many re

births that occur in her jurisdiction. After several years of

spects, this sensitive issue is a subset ofa larger problem con

course sponsored by the Guatemalan Ministry of Health on

cerning the cultural constraints and preconceptions of the
field worker, and the relevance of the assumptions and meth

biomedical approaches to the practice of midwifery, and be

ods of Western social science for the study and understand

strictly "traditional” practice. Maria completed a training

ing of phenomena in cross-cultural perspective.

came officially licensed by the government in 1960. Since

■fshe has attempted to integrate traditional methods
tSRed during her original apprenticeship with biomedical

The Analytic Construction of Medical Systems

or modern methods presented in the government course and

A general criticism of (he basic enterprise of defining and

follow-up review classes. Her technique is not so much tra
ditional or modern as it is the union of both approaches; for

analyzing separate "medical systems" of societies is pre
sented by Coma roll (1983), whose insightful analysis illus

a typical delivery. Maria "cauterizes the umbilical cord with

trates the tight bond between medical anthropological the

a candle flame, a traditional practice,” yet afterwards she

ory and the culture in which it is propounded. Coma roll* ar

immediately "applies alcohol, mcrthiolatc. and talcum pow

gues that, although anthropologists historically have been

der, as she was taught in the course” (Cosminsky and Scrim

sensitive to allegations of ethnoccntrism, they nevertheless

shaw 1980:270). Clearly the individuals who choose Maria

have fallen prey to the temptation to carry out social science

as midwife do not receive wholly "modern" or "traditional’’

research in a manner that is derived from and is consistent

care, but rather a unique combination of these techniques

with their own experiences as members of Western culture.

embodied in a single individual.

In their efforts to seek the “natives’ point of view” and elu

In addition. Maria is often called upon in her capacity as

cidate the relevant categories and concepts by which people

curandera to treat infants and children who have fallen prey

structure ihcir world and give meaning to life experiences.

to the "evil eye" and women who suffer from such ailments

researchers often neglect the fact (hat to search for categories

as fallen uterus and delayed menstruation. She has on oc
casion also served as a spiritist, though (his function is phys

or structural components ofsociety assumes a priori not only

ically very draining and is rarely demanded of her. Perhaps
most interesting, however, is the revelation that Maria has

. cial science methods arc appropriate for exploring the inter

recently become a zajorin or shaman in the tradition of (he
l|^kn Indians, even (hough she identifies herself as a nonint^an Ladino. She was recruited for (he role by a shaman

culture-bound enterprise. The expectation that various do

the existence of such components, but also that Western sorelationships among them. In this sense, social science is a

mains of belief or action, such as the religious system, polit

ical system, or medical system arc present within a society

who cured her of a serious ailment and who subsequently

under investigation and can be apprehended by the field

took her on as an apprentice for 9 months. During this time

worker, is an assumption left untested but that nonetheless
forms the basis of cross-cultural research and analysis.

Maria learned the process of divination using seeds that arc

laid out and interpreted according to the Mayan calendar,

Such a “Western csscntialist view of the world” (Comar-

as well as the performance of Mayan rituals involving offer

off 1983:4) is repeated time and again in studies that ap
proach the concepts of health and illness with respect to the

ings ofcopal, incense, candles, chocolate, rum, and chicken

sacrifices (Cosminsky and Scrimshaw 1980:270-271).

“medical system” ofa society; implicit in this attitude is the

Maria is not the only health care resource available to

concept that medical beliefs and health care decisions can be

members of the plantation; she is but one of several different

analyzed separately and without necessary reference to

alternatives from which they may choose when health care

other systems, such as “legal” or “religious.” The medical

is required. Her ease is illustrative of the nature of medical

sphere of life is broken off from the rest of experience and is

pluralism, however, in that Maria is not allied with one or
another “system” of medical practice. Rather, she makes

dccontcxtualizcd for the purposes of inquiry and explana
tion, yet at the same time it is not clear that illness is ever a

use of a variety of methods from many different sources, and

discrete category that can be isolated and treated outside of

in her capacities as midwife, curandera, spiritist, and shaman,

its social, cultural, and political contexts. Medical decisions

she provides essential services to the members of her com

arc life decisions and bear upon all aspects of human exist

munity. When people choose Maria to deliver their children,

ence. Thus, to focus solely on perceived medical systems and

it is not a choice between traditional or modern, Indian or

not on other areas of people’s lives that directly affect health

Ladino, but a choice of one particular individual over any

care decisions ignores the essential nature of the human ex- 1
pcriencc and the interconnectedness, at many levels, of be-

other. Pluralism in this sense represents the existence ofa

•16

(yCc

5

fczn <

(t-ppr

i< (

tC/>

y cc—Tjfx^L-^-Ki

w

A>

$1^^

u—vtXf, c,

[cs=r<sy

licf and action. Perhaps medical systems per sc are discov

an understanding of the contextual, metamedieal nature ol
the illness experience, the healing process, and the decision

ered because they arc presupposed to exist, and because the

assumptions of the research design allow for their discovery
Elions to describe and define medical systems as conccp-

The Future of Medical Systems Research
1980) should therefore be undertaken with the realization

/

Many field workers arc moving away from analytic frame

III of the investigator. The conceived systems arc not ob-

health carc. Kleinman(1980, 1984) advances a view of a so-

s-in-themselves but rather social constructs (hat should

cict-v’s entire*"” heal th care svstem

as a complex of proles-

be reified. Once it is accepted that medical (i.c., health
, sional,. popular^ and folk sectors ollcrmg a variety of thcra:•) decisions arc made '■within a metamedical’ frame- Pz7'’,... |„.,hh seekers This model h.is recends remodes of expei iencc and interaction (Worslcy 1982:315),

potential value in medical anthropological analyses (Coreil

systems” ofall societies these three sectors possess generally

distinct identities, but areas of overlap may be found in
(social, biological, cultural, political, medical), rather than

which healing options exhibit attributes of more than one

the independence or separate functioning of thcsc^sphcrcs.

sector. Thus, health care alternatives of the “popular" sec

In this light, the process of healing is at once a medical and
®ionmcdical operation, and medical anthropologists prob

"folk” remedies (such as herbal teas), or as “professional'’

tor in any community may simultaneously be interpreted as
therapies (such as over-the-counter pharmaceuticals)

Such a unified approach to the study of the health care

gious system” is often hard to separate from a “medical”

system of a community, with an emphasis on sectors rather
than independent medical systems, may prove very useful in

one. for example, and perhaps even the attempt to make
such a distinction promotes a decontextualization of the

advancing ouf understanding of health care utilization in a

study of societies that anthropologists should strive to leave

wide variety of cultural contexts. 1 w ould emphasize, how

behind:

ever, that any fully comprehensive approach to the study of
medical or health care systems will give attention to thejisi-

While . . . earlier generations of ethnographers regarded healing

vclopmcnt of syncretic health care alternatives in societies ,
an exclusively ‘medical’ domain, not merely to be replacing one
outworn functionalist label with another, for advance in our
comparative understanding of such phenomena can only pro-

where traditional, popular, folk, professional, or modern

. tails no dichotomv between ‘religion’ and ‘healing’ fComaroff
s1983(5-7].
(Z_’s

medical systems remains firmly rooted in the anthropologi

cal literature, and further research will clarify to what extent

l'J In .1 similar vein, l-'abrcga and Silver (1973) argue that the

these analytic constructs promote our understanding of

ccptualization of the investigator, perhaps inseparable from

ticular medical system or sector to which health care options
vz belong may be irrelevant: for individual health seekers in

medical treatments have coexisted, mingled, and traded
ideas and treatment modalities for long periods of time.

Despite such recent theoretical advances, the concept of

health and illness cross-culm rally. In many ways, the par

times of illness, the immediate material of health care deci
sion making is neither systems nor sectors, but available
^health care options. Thus the investigator of health care de

system (hat i.s a clearly delimitablc and independently function
ing unit within their culture [since) the beliefs, practices, per
sonnel, and facilities available for dealing w ith occurrences of ill-

cision making would be wise to focus on the documentation

of actual health carc options used by members of a com✓munity as a first step in the analysis of the “logic” of health

tulional functions in the society . . . religions, social, and clhicoinoral [Eabrega and Silver 1973:88].

s carc decisions (Janzen 1978b; Young 1980, 1981a, 1981b;
Young and Garro 1982). Only after these available health
carc options arc clearly identified may it be possible to de
duce the (fiecfical system^from which they arc derived, or the

The study of health carc must therefore proceed with ref

erence not only to health carc systems or medical systems,
but also to these other integral features ofthc total social sys

sectors to wlucfilhcy pertain—although as seen in the ease

tem of a society. The recognition that medical systems arc

of Maria, the ascription of appropriate labels may well be

analytical constructs allows for the development ofa new def
inition of mtdical pluralism, one that is of practical significance I

impossible.

to the field worker investigating actual decision making
within a society. Pluralism can now be examined as a mul-1

tiplicity of healing techniques, rather than of medical sys

REFERENCES CITED

tems; the study of health carc choice in pluralistic societies .
can then proceed with reference to these various identifiable
therapeutic alternatives, with less emphasis on the particu

lar “system” from which they derive and in which they op
erate. The labeling of healing methods as “traditional” or

47

Comarolf, J.
1983 The Defect iveness of Symbols or the Symbols of Defectiveness? On the Cui-1'
(ural /Xnalysis of Medical Systems. Culture. Medicine and Psychiatry 7:3-20.
Coreil, J.

W/9 ' (O
\T)

INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL fTDICINE
-

J-X.cph

Human body is composed of some matter as that of this universe.

Though we

can subject it to chemical analysis we cannot recreate it by a chemical

The body and its functions are very complex.

synthesis.

There is an

arrangement which goes beyond the matter that runs and controls the functions
of the body.

The balance in this arrangement of the biological functions

of the body is health and the imbalance is illness.

This balance is differently seen by different medical systems.

Each system

leans on a philosophy and works on a thesis based on its vision.

Ayurveda puts three basic principles - Vatha, Pitha and ;'apha.

For example,

On this

philosophy of triple principle it builds up its method of diagnosis and

treatment, i.e., finding out the causes of imbalance and means to correct it.
In India we have many workable system of treatment, in use. Allopathy,

Homeopathy, Ayurveda, Unani, etc

Allopathy which assumed the name of modern medicine has a method of diagnosis
and therapy.

surgery.

It has also adopted a lot from the sciences of psychiatry and

But in practice people feel its vision is far too mechanical.

It

may seem that it is not the human person that is affected, but different parts

of his body and it can be cured part by part or damaged parts may be removed
and replaced even ignoring tho psychiatric knowledge it has developed.

islack of logic in practice.

There

But it has become (The medicine) due to

several reasons.

Herbal Fledicine may not be called a system, but surely it is the most ancient
form of treatment for human maladies as old as human illness.

When man found

that he was not well, he had wounds, burns, insect bites etc., he naturally
turned around to look for relief.

He first found the herbs and applied them.

There the experience and experiment started.

This experience was stored and

transmitted from generation to generation.

A lot of it was lost and much of it

was stolen and kept by the Drug Companies.

But something is still preserved

and practiced.

Now we draw from thc-ir valuable store.

J

o
x

Learning about herbs;

h

Thcre is no magic herbal formula for all ills, this herb for that disease.

There is no use in learning such a way either.

S

To treat a disease one

should be able to diagnose the diseases and its causes,(under whatever

z

system it may be) and decide a treatment.

5

Then there is selection of the

herb, the variety of it, fix tho dosage etc.

The medicine should be easily O

a vailablc.
.../2

2
It is very important to start with the plants we have in our neighbourhood

and learn their uses.

For this we have to start learning from the ignorant,

village people, grandmothersf dais and people who roam about with magic and

medicine.

These informations arc very useful, but we should not blindly follow

them but also check it with other informations, the knowledge we got from books,
our own experience etc.

Collection of plants
Some plants we can easily locate.
Seme- we can easily get.

For example a neon tree in ths village.

Onion and garlic for instance , some are easily found

in the vegetable and flower garden, drumsticks and hibiscus.

Out for the most

part we should identify the plants in places they grow and preserve them from

all their enemies including man.
For the modern man whichever plant is not commercially important is "weed".
The forest department keeps a few species of timber trees like teak, rose—wood

ets.f and destroys the whole flora calling it 'jungle wood' and it systematically
plants Eucalyptus instead.

The ifarmors also grow foodcrops what the

industrialists buy, coffee, tea, rubber, pepper etc,which has a demand in the

market.

All the rest is destroyed as 'weeds', to perfect the plant slaughter and

make it easy for the industrialists supply.

'Weedicides' the

use

of which is

eventual 'suicide' for the human generation.
The town planners have the idea of 'garden cities' and they beautify their

avenues with selected flowering plants.

k!hat happens to the hundreds and

thousands of plants, especially the small and the annual plants, creepers
growing under the shades and by the riversides?

These are not oven preserved

in the botanical gardens.

Cnee wc had the plants in the villages and any ordinary person would know their
names.

Now the habitat of thu plants is destroyed with all its progeny.

Together with the plants the knowledge the common man has the valuable treasure

gathereo and accumulated by his ancestors is stolen from him.
in books research reports of the drug Industry.
herb and the knowledge.

It now remains

So we have to regain both the

Wc have to locate, identify the plants and cultivate

them, rf-learning their uses and rc-educating the village folk.

We have so

far told them all that they knew mas magic and superstitions and foolishness and

only our tablets were the correct medicine.

We gave those so lavishly so

that they could use them for their common ailments even when they were
perfectly well.

The medicinal plants cultivated are said to be loss

effective, may bo becauso they lost their natural habitat and consequently
the natural nutrients and now take in a lot of man made pollutive materials.

But we have no alternative.

.../3

3

Together with herbs there are a lot of other things which arc
traditionally used as medicine,for example - salt, honey etc.
These are what the housewife can find in the kitchen garden males
home remedies which will serve as first aid in every case and
for ordinary ailments it can serve as a perfect nature core. It
should be the aim of the health worker to equip every housewife
with the knowledge sufficient to care for family and the neighbours
without running to the drug store for every little heacache.

The following passage is taken from - FEELING GOOD WITH NATURAL
REMEDIES, by Terry Willard, 15.3c., MH, CI, Wild Rose College of
Natural Healing, Canada.
Herbal Nhilospphy: The energy of herbs.

Ar; important thing to learn about herbs is- they are not lust groups
or chcmcials, but have individual personalities just as people do.
Understanding this personalities probably the most significant thing
a Herbalist can do, and is the key to how the herbs work.
Looking
back into th history of herbcl-.-gy"we sec that the essence of the
herb's personality was of great importance.
Going bad: in history we find medicine using herbs as a means of
treating all sorts of ailments. They had little or no comprehension
of '/hat chemicals were in the various plants or how the body
functions. These medicine people understood the essence or
personality of the herbs to aid them in healing. We don’t have
to look very far for reference to this. Just a short period of
1OO - 150 years ago the Indians of North America used this as the
major method of healing. They believe-'1 that the spirit of the
herb fought a battle with the sickness and if it was stronger it
would win and the patient would make a successful recovery.

This essence (pers- nality) of the plant is the non-physical
attribute and is just as important as the chemical make-up. Most
people today consider this idle superstit£cn but lookinc at it
a bit more seriously we might find a grain of truth in it. After
all I think that most of us would agree that humans are not just
physical bodies. We have emotions, abstract mental concepts
spiritual feelings, as well ; s the physicial needs, desires,
functions and ma1-functions of the body.
If we have a variety of
aspects making up our personalities, why then should we believe that
herbs are strictly physical without some form of unseen energy?
This energy called 'Vital Energy1 (by modern herbalists) is just
as important to them as is the chemical make-up of the herb. What
is this 'Vital Energy'?

VITAL ENERGY.
Medicine can take many approaches. The western medical philospphy
has generally taken a scientific view towards health. For the
most part doctors take an almost mechanical approach.
If we have
a broken arm they easily fix it.
If there is a rjissing chemical
in a biochemical pathway, they can replace it or make a suitable
piece to fj.x to it.
If there is a force acting against your body
such as a virus er :.-.n unhealthy bacteria, doctors can usually
create a stronger force in the opposite direction against this
intruding force. Cne must admit that cur medical professionals are
gcoc-mcchanics and we must not underestimate the use, of this
mechanical knowledge. Modern medicine has cured many people of many
diseases. Unfortunately these methods can have a shot gun effect

..4/

4
-.nd m;v ■ .tostroy many useful bacteria and are sometimes over a long
period more harmful than beneficial. On the other hand if we look at
European herbology, American Indian medicine, East Indian medicine
and oriental medicine, they all have a com on underlyong philosophy
considering the energy that flows through the body. This energy is
called in many different things such as - life force, chi, prans, or
(as the herbalists call it) vital energy.
It is the purpose of
non-allopathic medicine to kn?p this energy flowing correctly
through the body as if the flow is improner, to return it to its
natural path. The herbalists feel that disease is caused by stagnant
or incorrectly dircc ted energy due to some energy blockage. The
herbalists role is not so much to attack a disease, but to maintain
the natural flow of vital energy. The energy itself will to,d the

body of disease? to handle a certain amount of waste, i‘o f igh
disease in our bodies, we can dump in all kinds of c .e-~icals, to
rake the environment unlivable for the intruder. We can, as an
alternative, inplug the system and get the energy flowing again.
As in the case of rivers, if these energy pathways are not
obstructed and no wastes are put into them, the job of cleaning is
not as taxing and the energy can then be used to support life.

Thus our job is not to try to -.ill diseases in our bodies. Our
job is to keep the diseases in our bodies) Our job is to ’-cep the
body free of energy obstruction so the natural vital energy flows
through out the body, selecting", disintegrating, obsorbing,
assimilating, and converting food stuffs.
In other words, we don't
try to ta e on the role of trying to cure diseases, we merely
assist the vital energy to flow in an unobstructed way.
Herbs in this sense, arc not really considered medicines. They arc
Just specialised foeds which helm vita', energy flow being somewhat
selective in where their energy is directed. Ti
•»na?ity of
t'
herb will be attraste" to certain an areas o the bodv similar
to di_ .■’..■.'rent types of people associating in 1 lilre-minded1 green-..
I-': r example, Juniper berries have a Spersonality1 that strongly
influences the kidneys. This vital energy is just one part of a
modern herbalist's understanding of how herbs work. To understand

the chemical interactions the herbs have on the human physiological
mechanism is just as significant. Most herbalists feel that one
is fairly ineffective without the other. The 'vital' energy of
herb is what makes it work. For something to work in a live
biological system it has to have life energy. Herbs, with their
own life essence, work in harmony with tie biological systems to
enact healing.
A pharmaceutical will copy the chemical make up of a herb, but it
can only work by overpowering the syste-, 'stealing' some of the
body's life energy (as it has none of its own). Pharmaceuticals
are usually used when the body needs this life energy the most.
In a medical crisis, for example, the pharmaceutical power and fast
action of the chemicals are necessary. Of course, there may arise
some side effects that have to be dealt with, but usually they can
be uest balanced out by herbal treatment later.

For the everyday non-crisis health problems, herbals have along
proven history of cure. After all ■ost of the herbals we are
dealin^. with have been tested on millions of people over thousands
of years, Their methods of use have been very thoroughly studied.

5

MODERN IIEHBAL PHILOSOPHY-VITAL LIIE.HuY

Vital energy is the flow of energy through one's body. This can
be likened to a river that gets unnaturally clogged or dar-ed,
stopping the nor-u-.l flow of t ,e energy. The river forms p stagnant
pool which as I'n sure you've all seen, breeds abundant algae and
insects in a swar.py condition.
There are two very different ways to get rid of such things as
nosquito larvae, abundant algae and other undesirables:
1. The way I was told in high school to get rid of msquito larvae
was to pour oil on the water so they couldn't breathe. You can
also dump poisons into the water to make the envinonr-ent
unberablo for these organisms. Of course this also destroys
most other life-supporting functions in the pond .
2.

The other way is to work on dislodging the obstruction iem-ing
the river. This lots the river flow and clean itself naturally.

Our bodies are quire si--ila.r to this river . Disease is the blocking
of the natural vital energy that flows through our bod/. Let us say
that atleast sore of these energy streams are the acupuncture
linos in the body. When the energy is flowing properly along those
path ways, it naturally keeps the body clean, just as the river
does. Like a river, the bodily enor'gy flow.

MEDICINE. AND. EGuD

rlypocratcs said "let your food be your medicine and your medicine
be your food". Most medicines are administered orally. Herbs
induce a natural hea.lin;.. by correcting the inbalance effected in
the human body by sore reason or other. Evon in healing e wound
this is tree. Admitting the power of the medicine we take wo have
to adr’it also the power of whatever else is consumed. There is a
lack of loj'ic in the advise of
physician who tolls you -"Ho
diet, cat whatever you like". He considers a small tablet ho
prescribes powerful and stom.achfall of other things j us.t 'neutral'
To-ether with treatrent goes a correct food habit. If wc know
that the present foid habit of a patient is not correct, atleast
wc would correct if for the tire being. This we call diet. This
morns the supportive fc-ou is used end those not supportive
avoided.

Herbal Medicine, Prepay ation end a-d;’inistrntion

The herbalists folio1..' as v rule this simple principle. "Ono
disease one Medicine". Hut there are also ferrules where several
medicines are nixed together. Medicines are in a formal work
like a group of people. If they have tear spirit they r.ix well
and make a wonderful perform/nee. Rut if they are inactive or if
they clash, the 'erk is rendered difficult. The principle of
single herbal medicine works well by helpino the body to
revitalize its functions in a uniform direction. A formula of
different redicinos can help better by accelerating this process
or can work in different directions and noli' different functions
simultaneously. But for this we have to rely upon proven
formulas. Otherwise we may not £et the desired effect, or can
run the risk of a alas... of effects.
cojyiMuwny health
'< *> U’lrsf Flon-i -

r

Cl-lL
' ■ ' •>->cf

■

6

In administering the medicine severe! methods afe used. The
ayurvedic terminology of practises rad a short description is
.■gi/en below.

a. For oral adi iinis tr.a.ti on
1. Swarasa (juice)- The whole apart plant or part is smashed
thoroughly and the juice is extracted by squeezing it out. This
is one of the most suitable because post of the contents are
present in the original forn. But it nay not be possible always due
to the nature of the staff and unpalatable taste etc.
2. Qua th a( boiled) The medicine is just boiled in water. The
volatile oils and vapourous materials are obtained to sone extent.
Quick dissolving and aromatic medicines are less used in this
form.
3. Kashaya (decoction)Not only boiled but thoroughly cooked and
the extract reduced and made into concentrate.(usually reduced to
1/3) while a good amount of the substance, is obtained a. considerably
part is lost in the process.
4. .‘./hole p.lant p_as_te_. well smashed and ground taken cither as portion
or swallowed as balls.
5. £hooniam_(powder) The medicine is dried and ground into powder
and taken in with or without a medium

... yulika. (pills) The medicines are well ground and rolled into
pills and preserved. Usually administered in a ’■iedium
7. Jjehian (semi-solid) Decoctions arc .preserved together with
other ingredients in a base of jaggery and honey
8. .Arishtam - Decoctions fermented and preserved in a liquid form
in a ixqiiidxfiEaox jaggery base.
»
9.

Gritham- Decoctions together with other ingredients preserved
in a ghee base

b. External Application :
1. Lcpam; (poultice) The medicine is ground and used as
poultice paste etc.for external application in a medium
2. Thailum : Mbdicinal extracts and pastes prepared in oil and
used for application on hand, body, wounds etc.
3. j(i.zhi(fomented balls) Medicinal leaves etc. are made in to balls
in clean cloth while fomenting it is heated in steam, oil,
pan, etc. and applied,
4. Dhara:(shower) The medicine is made in to paste and mixed in a
medicine and is gently poured on the affected part of the body
for a continuous period of time.
5. Nasyam: (drops)dripped in to eyes, cars and nostrills.

in the above processes most of the medicines can bo prepared and
administered.
There are also other forms but are too complicated and need
special techniques and experience.

/////

' I O

HERBS AND THE1R USES - by Sr. Innocenti' MSMI
(Translated from original text by DR. MARIES JOSE)
INTRODUCTION
,
From the origin of mankind, man and medicines had a close association. There

is hardly anyone not having some knowledge about medicines.

The only aim in

life of the ancient men was his survival, for which he had to procure his daily

food and shelter.

He depended on nature's plants,and trees for their fruits,

leaves, stem and roots and also the fish and flesh of animals.

Their intimacy with

the nature was such that it was the nature's caves and trees which helped them

tide over the adverse climates.

In his frantic efforts to obtain his daily food, he got injured and wounded often

by wild animals, poisonous stings and thorn
about adverse effects on his health.

pricks.

Climatic changes brought

Light ning and fire burned his body often.

during such times of dangers he prayed ferve ntly to the creator of the naturer
The Almighty God.

He also used the 5 elements (Panchabootas)
*

getting relief from his ailments.

of nature for

He gradually came to learn and use various

remedies from the.nature for the various ailments.
He had nothing but nature to depend for the medicines as he had to for his food
and shelter.

He strongly believed that all the things in nature were created by

GOD for his good.

The knowledge that everything in nature is the permutation -

combination of the 5 elements and that these elements has got the medicinal

properties was the starting of a new era.

The human body itself is made up of

these 5 basic elements (Panchaboutic constitution),

^ence they believed that

such a body when diseased, should be treated by these 5 elements only.

Jesus Christ has restored sight to a blind man who approached him.

Jesus asked

the blind man to take his bath in tho Siloha Lake and then to smear.wot mud on
his blind eyes whereupon he got his sight back.

Thus Jesus Christ himself

showed the world that human ailments can be cured with the belief in GOD and by
using materials for the nature which he himself has created.
Though everything in nature had some medicinal propertios,later genorations
depended mainly on plants.

They .gave importance to Monotherapy (using only

one herb 6or a particular disease).

With passage of time and^rlba

population, men were forced to work harder' for their survival.

This often made

them physically exhausted from .wounds, cuts, fractures, burns and other side

effects from climatic extremes.
at a timo.

They were forced to use more tjfian one medicine

This resulted in concoctions, lin iments and pills'..

.Since all

the medicines were not available all round the year, they started storing

medicines in the form of cxtracto (Arishtas) andtbickond extracts (lahyams).

* 5 elementss- Air, Fire, Eartfi, Water & Space.

2 s
Though many treatment modalities arc in vogue, Ayurveda, Allopathy and Homeopathy.

arc the important onod.

All the three aims at healthy living basically

administering these 5 elements
in different ways.

by

(panchabootas) present in the nature to the diseased

Of all thu three, Allopathy had. a wonderful and fast growth,

which has really prolonged the life expectancy of the man today.

Butte the same

medical science has shown the world the various side effects resulting from its
use.
Ayurveda says that you must treat the patient and not the disease.

Fur this,

they,age the materials from nature in their original form, not subjecting them to
destruction by chemical reactions and dispense thorn in the form of Arishtas

(extracts), Kashayams (decoctions), Lahyams (t hicksncd extracts), Thailams
(f'lcdicated oils), tablets, lin iments, eto., etc.,

Flan maintains his body

and prevents its destruction by consuming food which is prepared appropriately.

There is no chemical reaction involved in this.

According to Ayurveda, this is

actually a form of treatment.
The ancient medical scltcnco was developed by the sanyasies.

They could cure

all ailments by meditation and by their divine powers in addition to using
nature's products wherever needed.

In fact, they believed that, they were

serving God when they used these divine powers for the well being of their
These healers used to go around in the villages and care for and cure

fellow mon.

the sick.

This system, is

different from the present system where patients

approach the doctor.

During these periods it was thu patient's relatives who nursed the patients at
home.

They collected the herbs from their own compounds or from the surroundings.

Concoctions or pills out of them wore made by the relatives themselves in their
own kitchoru.

Today those herbs reach the various factories abroad, gut into

their sophisticated machines and later through thu drug distributors, doctors
and finally through nurse’s reach the patient.

Once it guts the 'Foreign finish'

tho same medicines which were available in plenty in our own compound becomes very
expensive for us to obtain.

Flodcrn medicine offers wonderful euro and recovery today with the help of
antibiotics, hormones etc.

in use.

It is only since a century, and half that these

arc

The discovery and knowledge that each communicable disease is caused

by a particular g&rm was a great leap and /success for the modern medicine.

In

addition to the many new diseases which this age has presented to us, tho
I
diseases which result as a result of treatment (iatrogenic diseases) are also
increasing day by day.

On top of it, the germs causing diseases are developing

resistance to tho various antibiotics,

tilth state of affairs like this, we

cannot depend on a part/icular drug for a onrticular disease.

A particular

treatment is net ideal if it cures one disease by becomes a' cause for some other

disease. Duo tiTour ignorance and laziness

we have depended on such treatment

... ./3

3 3 :

An ideal treatment will not only cure the illness but do not cause any new illnesses.
By health, we mean the physical, mental and social well being and net merely absence

of diseases.

The living human body is part of the living external environment.

As long as this external environment

there is health.

and the bodily environment arc in contact,

When there is failure of this contact, there is disease.

Ayurveda says that the panchaboutic human body is maintained by the trideshas.
are vata, Pitta .and Kapha.

They

They regulate the various body functions depending cn

the chiingoe in the external environment . Any derangement in the proportion of
these trideshas result in disease and Ayurvedic treatment aims at bringing them

back to their normal proportions.

Thu living external environment require air,

heat and cold for its survival as also the human bedy.

The air which maintains

the bodily environment is called Vata, the heat which maintains the bodily
environment is called Pitta and cold which maintains the bodily environment is
called Kapha.

Everyone knows that health is at home and not in the- hospital.
cannot gut it at home that we have tn approach the hospital.

it is when we
If each one of us arc

careful, we- can keep ourselves away from many diseases and also treat them early
in our own houses.

It is in India that the maximum number of herbs arc found.

Single herb therapy had its uniqueness that the horbs were not subjected tu ■
chemical reactions nor were they mixed with anything.

India was foremost in this

form of therapy.

Our country’s achievements in the field of medicine and art, these days were
This used to attract many foreigners.

They appreciated and

imitated us and in short, adopted our methods of treatment.

As a result, it did

really praiseworthy.

not require much time for the medical science to be turned into a industry.

In

the field of medicine, there has been many contributions and achievements made by

the western world.

Wc have come to an age, where medicines can be injected

directly into the blood so that life can be saved and the diseases of tho internal
organa can be diagnosed by X-ray and the diseased organs can bu removed by operations.

Ayurvedic treatment er Herbal treatment aims at a stage of health care before
we have to resort t . the above measures.
At this ago where medical treatments and drug manufacturing have become a

profitable industry, the main problem is to find the method by which an ordinary

man can get some relief for his ailments.
of unknown diseases.

As mentioned earlier, this is the era

Nuclear tests,'environment al pollution and adverse climatic

conditions has resulted in a state where uncontrollable amounts of germs are
present in tho environment. It is difficult to protect oneself from each of these

germs.

To prevent illness due to these germs,

basic health.

frbr-pbniy.-.lunylie to improve our

It is difficult and Impossible for anyone to take vaccinations

.../A

against each of these germs.

Instead, giving health education for achiev ing the

basic health and encouraging the health promotirm and harmless medical sciences

like Ayurveda are -.rogntial for the whole human race for its health maintainance.
It.is a mistake that we are under the impression that health is obtained by wealth.
There are examples to disapprove this.

The country of Saudi Arabia which is foremost

in the world in national income and per-capita income has a 'Physical quality of

life index'. (PQLI) of only 30.

70.

Whereas a poor country like Srilanka as a PQLI of

Studies on PQLI of India and Kerala throws some light into the typo of health

promotive measures to be taken.
o<0 the state of Kerala is 72.

While the PQLI of India as a whole is 34, that

In Kerala it is the districts of Wynad and Iddikki whic

arc little backward due to the large number of Adivasis inhabiting these areas.

The irony of this fact -is that Kerala is one of the poorest state, yet having the high

PQLI.

This proves that to dovelop the health status of an ordinary man in a

community, the proceeding socio-economic development is not a must.

Kerala has

proved that, before socio-economic development, anyone can achieve better health.
Here we have to gratefully remember the many hands who worked sincerely and with

dedication to bring up Kerala to this status.
This has been appreciated by the
World Health Organisation. WHO has callct^/phenomcnon 'The Kerala Model'.
^this

International conference at Alma -ata has declared "Health for all by 2000 A.D.".
India is one of tho countries who has signed in this declaration.

of our nation and each one of us to make this dream come true.

It is the duty

Out of the 10

points programme for this implementation, only 1.5 is related to doctors i.e.,

curing diseases.

0.5 out of the 10 is taking the various preventive measures.

the remaining has to be done by the people themselves.

All

This also includes

provision of safe drinking water for the public, building latrines, for every house,

j

preventing environmental pollution, promoting tree plantations etc., ct c.,; >'X r,

which arc related to the respective departments.

Our drcams of health for all can

be materialised only if we can achieve, all these together.

It is the duty of all

those who work for public welfare to co-opcrate with the government and work with

responsibility so that they can got for the public what they are entitled to get.

In short, health promotion should be incorporated into any measures taken for the

development of tho overall standard of living of the public.

Isn't it clear now that wo have to look through a new angle at our health programmes?
Wo cannot aim at improving the health of an ordinary man just by increasing the

numbers of doctors, nurses and huge.hospital buildings.

Instead of this we have

to concentrate on the disease preventive measures and health education for the
public.

Only if we incorporate health with other economic and socio-cultural

programmes, that tho dream of 'Health for all' will come true.
Today, what we need is to discard tho blind ffqreign craze and to use properly the
pure, compact and natural resources which era available in plenty and also, the

sacrifice and united efforts to make our hoaluh field a success.

Let the

sacrificing and service minded youth come forward with this promise.

dream of 'Health of all by 2000' will come true.-'
■■■ '■

■■ ■■

Then our

HERBAL TREATMENTS

• hcmb made multipurpose tonic Ingredients Indian gooseberries

-

Jaggery

-

5 kg

Cardamom

—

10 gin

Pepper
Cinrrmunon

-

10 gm

-

10 gms

Raisin

-

25 gm

Dried ginger

-

25 gm

5 kg

Procedure Wash gooseberries in clean water and keep aside.

preferably of china clay.

Keep ready a big clean container

Fill the container with some gooseberries (l/5th) and

then jaggery over it (l/5th).

Add 1/jthof the spices over it.

Nov/ again fill with

gooseberries, jaggery and spicos in that order till all ingredients are over.
Close the lid of the.container air tight and tie if if necessary.

undisturbed for 41 days.
in bottles.

Koop it

After 41 days, scive the contents and store the fluid

This can be stored upto 3 years.

Uses -

This is a general tonic which prevents many common illnesses.
vitamin C and iron and hence an ideal tonic for anemia.

in it helps in digestion, nausea, vomiting and gas trouble.

for diarrhoea.

It is rich in

The cardamon and popper
It is a good remedy

This tonic is specially good for pregnant women.

development in children.

It helps in brain

It helps to get good sleep and hence useful 'for people

suffering from insomnia dose being vjzbeforc sleep*

It is rccomnonded that this

tonic bo made by all mothers at home and to be used when needed .

2.

FEVER
Ingredients -

-

Dried ginger

Popper

Panikurka loaves

,

5 gm

-

5- gm

-

1 hand full

Vasaka loaves

1

■
"

Tamarind

-

1 piece

Jaggery

-

1 piece

Boil all the ingredients in 1 litre of water till it reduces to 1 glass.
use for mild to moderate fever, cough and cold.

Solve and

Dose is 1 «z. 3 times a day.

er.'br/i i.t £C** toJpv; lo.iZr^U f. «
^'V:1'" {x0 1
r at oeoCT .Mon
^sv?l feotom.oi 6tto tol

VASAKA

- Botanical name
- Hindi

sqf rd IT
. ,

- Adusa

Marathi'•'•■’■
- Adul'sa
Kanfiada1- 2--■ :;?-"-<Adu80gb e>--‘-••- c-L /

.e-'v: .
txx-.fi •’ -i-

■ rot

- Adhatoda vasica

- ;

. :ic--:'peliigp.r’l; -1 -'■ • r-'-cAdaskrainu,

'if oc-lagiil• •■

•. .•.(-■■ s-Av ■ mv.... 0->-

c'

. an Citdo. r

Adadorai'

mid £'oh.’u-x.Y:!ooe--Maia^iam
,„A- rr,-!u L-a: 6?

HEAD ASlg~.

' '

Tulasi leaves

i-iod.+oi..- CIi v.J

cf.nd I

’

-

r.

-

1 handfull

-

1/E
, «
J-ci

Eucalyptus

Thumbs

„

■

.reparg _b.i'iG
;;.■■■

.

Put all-tho ingredients in'-'bolling water.
THUMBA - Botaniccj.-risM&:'T^';Ijcucas''aspora
( .:.Au

Tamil’

’•

Marathi

■ ooij^himanr, BAhuphul

Gujarathi

'’’Kalukariatum

- Tftutnba"chedi
• ‘

Malayalam,,

.

Jolugu,...

r

..b

'

—

3<v^vl

. ‘

TliunTjp. •. ;• »•

'.-'I

Do steam inSaSdtion frem this.
■■.vL-.I feAtcrfiftfe I.'
hr' r'YP.h’ifj’t’'

’

t._-. lb

. - Tuipn^,r..

.•'?.■.■■

Hi .i

: ,r ’<.■ oi ’ ■'!< 't;J- ■:'z:

Goma Madhupati

Hindi

COUGH

A.

A.

r

Vasaka leaves

Honey

.

1 handfull
.

1' glass ,.

- L.-, 'g- glass

... Lime juice ...
Gandy sugar

1 piece

-

Stoam vasaka. leaves and take the juice from it.

add honey, lime juice and candy sugar
Doso

•

iT._.,.

- 1 table spoon three times daily

Vasaka (see preparation NO* 2)

B.

To,-g-. glass ,of (this juice

Kirankuri leaves
Honey

-

.

..

1 handfull.

~ ^..glas^

_

.,y

Steam Kirankuri leaves and..s^io-sact them to get-^-..glass of Juice.
honev to it.
.
, , w'
b ; r

Dose - 1'tablespoon 3 tirros. dally

Kirankuri
Botanical name

.

■ I

, Enilia sonchifolia

.

Hindi

T

Kirankuri

Malayalam

-

Mtyalchetdaw

i

Add

ROUND-WORM

5 gm

A. Garlic

-

Thumba

-

5 gm

Zodoary

-

10 gm

Boil all the ingredients in 1 liter of water til 1 it reduces to 1 glass.

Administer this 3 days consecutively before sleep.

1. Zodoary Hindi

-

Kachura

Tamil

-

Kichilikulbangu

Malayalam

-

Kacholam

2. Thumba - see preparation (3)
B.

If the worm load is excessive with vomiting of worms and drowsiness, the
following may

be used.

Squeeze Sadap leaves and take the juice.

Administer 1 drop by mouth if child

is below 1 year and 2 drops if 1-2 year group.

If the child is above 3 year

the same loaves may be ground to make it a bald, of 1" diameter in size and

The mother and child should not take meat or fish during this

swallowed.
treatment.

Sadap -

C.

English

-

Garden Rue

Hindi

-

Sadap, Satap

■ Tamil

-

Anita

Malayalam

-

Anita

Telugu

-

Sadapaka

Kannada

-

Sudabugida

For repeated worm infestations and drowsiness, use oil in which sadap

leaves are seasoned for the scalp.

12 years.

This oil may be applied til1 the child .

In some places, the same is packed into mettalic tubes and tied

to the nock, waist and aims of children
Sadap - see preparation 5 B

■ X-

6.

HOOKWORMS

Give 1 tsp of this r.iilk either early

A. Tata tho m’lk from raw papaya.

momiric or at bod time for 3 consecutive days.

1 tsp sugar can be added to

this milk for children.
B.

7.

Grind papaya seeds to a paste.

1 tsp of this may be given for 3 days

PINWORMS

A. Grind neera leaves to a thick paste.

Roll it to a ball of gooseberry size

for adults andl/2tts size for children.

Give this every day on empty

stomach. in early morning for 7 .consecutive days.

After a gap of 7 days-

give a second course for 7 days. A gap of 7 days later give a 3rd course

Complete cure can be expected with 3 such courses.

for 7 days.

Noem -

Chirettu

English

- Margosa, Neen

Malayalam

-

Tamil

- Vepa, venbu,. veppamaram

Telugu

-

Kannada

- - Eevu, Bevinamara

Ariveppu
Vepa

Hindi

-

Nin, Nimb

Marathi

■-

Nimba

- 1 hand-full

Boil in 1 glass of water till.it reduces to -g- glass.

■§- glass daily for

adults and 1/4 g lass daily for children at bedtime for 7 consecutive
days is advised.

Chirettu ’ Botanical, name

Gentiana Kuroo

English

-

Indian gentian, chirretta, Ipng of bitte

Hindi

-

Kami, Kutki, chirettu

Kannada

-

Marathi

Tamil

-

Telugu

-

Malayalam

8.

Nelaveribu
Kirayet

Nilavembu
Nelavemba

Kiriat, Milaveppu

TAPEWORM
A. Take the skin of ponegranet fruit and loaves of the same.

juice.

To this add ■§- glass of milk.

Grind and take the

This has to be taken at bedtime'for 3

consecutive days with an induced purging in the morning with castor oil.

Pomegranot (wild line)

English

- Wild lime

Kannada

- Kaadulimbe

Kuttuclumicampazham

Tamil

-

Telugu

- Adavi. nimraa

Malayalam

- Mathalanarakan

B. Baberony powder

1 tsp

Add to coconut milk and take at bed tine 3 days consecutively
Baberony (Hindi)

Botanical name

- Embelia ribes

Hindi

- Virongas, Baberony

Marathi

- Vavadinya

Telugu

- Vellrl

Tamil

- Vaividongan

Kannada

- Vayubaliga

Malayalam

- Vizhalari

9. FRESH GUTS AMD WOUNDS

Any wounds infected on the body underg.. es healing spontaneously if there is

The scab formation is a wonderful mechanism by which the body
■ - <k.-To
trios to protect these wounds from infection and. hasten recovery .^prevent

no infection.

infection, hold a burning wood over the wound and pour water on to it.

The

hot water falling onto the wound will kill all the germs.

A. Grind the latjira along with its root to a thick paste.

Fry this in

Gingelly oil and apply to the wound and bandage.

Latjira Rough, chaff treo

English
Hindi

-

Apanarg, latjira
Uttarano

Kannada
Tamil

-

Nayaruvi

Telugu

-

Uttarano

Malayalam

Cherukadaladi

B. Grind sarasaparilla to a paste and apply to the wound
Sarasapilla English

-

Country sarasapilla

■ Hindi

-

Magrabu, salsa, kalisa

Telugu

-

Kannada

Malayalam
Tamil

Suganthipala
Namadriboru

-

Uarunirrti, Nannari
Naruninti

C. Grind PERIKAIAM leaves and nix with limo juice and apply to the wound and bandage

6

10.

D.

Grind NHAMTHENGU to a paste and apply to the wound

E.

Grind KARADALSAM, take its juice and apply to the wound

INFECTED WOUNDS

*

Cut open a tender papaya.

11.

Scrape the white soft material from inside.

Apply to

It has an effect similar to glycerine raagsulf.

the wound and dress.

CLOSED ACCESSES AND INDURATION
A. Grind to paste the Lajalu plant and apply

Lajalu
Botanical name’

- Mimosa pudica

Sensitive plant,;touch-<oc-not

English

-

Telugu

- Munnugudamaram

Tamil
Malayalam

- Totavadi

'

Kannada

-

Nachikayagida

B.

Apply Thriphala powder and bandage

C.

Grind to paste sarasapi1la and apply

Thriphala ■

M

- Thottavaadi

-

Sarasapilla

-

see preparation 26

- see;'preparation 9 B .

. D. Grind to paste the leaves of Thirakol with better and apply

Thirakol (Hindi)

E.

Botanical name

- Goceinca Indica

Tamil

- Kovai

Telugu

-■ Dhonda

Kannada

- Thondekai

Malayalam

- Kcvalu

Grind to paste the root of PANACHTPULY which has gone vertically down and

apply.
12.

EXCESSIVE SWEATING ALP HOTNESS. OF SCALP IN CHILDREN
A. G-ind. to paste gooseberry arid sandalwood and apply on the scalp
B.

Mix yellow of the egg with Indian Aloe and nix white of the egg with castor
oil.

Now mix both ■ the mixtures to a smooth liniment and apply on to the scalp.

Indian aloe Botanical name

u

Resin from Aloe

English

Indian aloe

Hindi

Kunori

Marathi ■

-

Tamil

Kunc,ri;
Kalabanda

Telugu

-

Kattalai

Barbadensis
Malayalam

- Sonninayakan

Kannada

- Kathaligide

7
C.

Grind, to paste sandalwood, dried ginger, Indian aloe, POCTHIYUNARTHY

KALAMKCMBU, sweet flag and cunin seeds in equal amounts in lino juice
and apply to the scalp.

Gunin seeds

- Jeera

Indian aloe

- see preparation 12 A

Sweet flag (English)

13.

Hindi

- Each, Gora-back

Kannada

- Eaje

Tamil

- Vasanbu

Tclcgu,

- Vasa

Malayalam

- Vayaribu

SKIN DISEASES
A. Grind turneric and neon leaves to a smooth paste and apply

B.

Grind, turneric and. Hulhul loaves to a paste and apply

Hulhul - Hindi

- Hulhul, hurhur

Tamil

- Nayikadugu, Nayivelai

C.

Grind to paste tumeric and Tulasi loaves and apply

D.

Grind to smooth paste CIIEIMAAGATHIKEHRA leaves and apply

E.

For any skin diseases, wash the affected area with water in which
Begonia leaves are boiled
Begonia (English) .

Malayalam - Elonulqchi

14.

BLEEDING FROM VAGINA
A. Squeeze cotton flowers to take the juice.

Add honey to this .and take

daily.

Cotton (English)
Hindi

D.

- Numa -

Kannada

- Hatti-Aro.lo .

Tamil

- Senpamtti

Telugu

- Chonbarathy

Grind NILAMTHENGU along with its roots to thick paste, roll to halls
1" diameter in size and take 7 days consecutively.

8
15.

WTJT3 DISCHARGE FRO! VAGINA

A. Grind to a thick paste 5 gn of the root tuber of the black nusale end tic

it in a clean cloth.

Place it in cow’s milk in a vessel end boil the milk.

When the milk boils squeeze it into the milk.

This milk should be taken

daily in the morning.

If the white discharge, is excessive the S'ne can be consumed 3 tines a day.

The root tubers of the Diack musale can be dried and powdered which can be
stored.

If this powder is available it can be taken daily in 1 glass of

nilk till, white discharge stops.
Black nusale (English)
Hindi

-

Kalimusli

Kannada

-

Neladaali

Tamil

-

Nalappanaikizhangu

Telugu

-

Ifeelc.tadikilangu

Malayalam

-

Nilappana

g

Eoil 10 gm gulancha in 1 liter of water and reduce to 2 ounces.
twice daily after adding 1 pinch of Norinjil powder*

Take 1 ounce

During this treatment

drink plenty of water* in which tfUILAIICiTiSRA is boiled.
Nerinjil (Malayalam)

English
Hindi

small-caltrops
- chota-gokhru

Tamil

- cherunerinche, Nerinjal

Malayalam

- Nerinjil

Kannada

- Negilmullu

Gulancha (Hindi)

Botanical name

- Tjnospora Oordi folia

Marathi

- Guloe

Telugu

- Guluchi

Tamil

- Sbindil-kodi

Mala

- Anruthu

0. Grind the leaves and tender stem or VETTUCHGDI along with candy sugar.
Roll uo balls 1” diameter in size and. take on empty st mach in the morning.

16.

EONS UTT IS

Grind Kirankuri leaves, garlic, one CJrystal of common salt to a paste.

Apply this

to the throat and popur its juice to both cars and also apply the same to the
scalp.

Kirankuri

- see preparation 4 B

9

17.

RING WORM OF THE SKIN

A. Grind to paste Tulasi leaves and. salt and apply on the lesion

18.

B.

Grind to paste the AANATTIAKARAL leaves and salt and. apply over the lesion

C.

Rub the AGATHEvURA leaves over the affected area

WHITLOW (PARONYCHIA)
A. Grind, raw ginger and salt tc a paste pack inside a whole line.

Keep the

affected finger inside this line for few hours a day for few days.

i

B. Seme ingredients can be packed inside a hollow PEIRAPETTIIG'7-xA and the same

procedure nay be repeated.

19.

ATIILETS FOOT (FINGAL INFECTION OF FEET)
A. Grind tc- paste raw ginger and KCDAGU leaves and apply
I. Keep the leg immersed in the water in which skin of cashew tree and PEZHU

arc bo iled

0. Grind raw ginger and neem together and. apply

20.

ASTHMA AND WHEEZING
Mild to moderate Asthma responds to the following treatment.

Grind tc a thick

paste the-leaves of PONHARAM and roll it to a ball 1" diameter in size.

Mix thi

in patient,'s urine 'and give it to drink early-morning for 7 days consecutively.

21.

BLEEDING FROM NOSS
A. Take the red, tender shoots of I-Jux vomica and grind in ^ingcly m'1 and
apply on "the scalp.

This controls bleeding from any site.

Nux vomica (English)

B.
22.

English

- Nux vomica, strichnine

Hindi

- Jahar, Kuchla

Telugu

- Mushti-bittulu

Tamil

- Yetti, Ycttikottai

Malayalam

- Shnjiram

Grind gooseberries and KALKAM and fry in ghee and apply on the scalp.

WHOOPING COUGH

A. Crush the leaves of pine-apple.
D.

To its juice add sugar and given to drink

Cut a riped pineapple to very small pieces.

of half a coconut.

Add 15 gm of vasaka and gratings

Kopp it in an earthenware pot and steam it.

squeeze the juice out from this add 20 gm of candy sugar.
stored in bottles.
Vasaka

Give 1 tablespoon 3 times doily.
- refer preparation 2.

Then

This can be

10

A. Grind together roots of TIIAZA, KAIKAM an? 000011111; oil on? apply to the
burned a.roa.
B* Grin?, lino an?, coconut oil tr button consistancy and apply to the bumcc.

area
0. Grin?, to paste tapioca loaves and apply to the burns? orca.
24.

DW5T3S
A. Crush gooseberries to get -g- oz of juice.

of juice.
B.

Crush raw ginger to got

oz

Mix both juices and drink 1 oz on empty stomach daily.

Keep aside 1-g gn of crushed CiIHTAMULA after removing the scrum.
this to 1 bottle of sweet toddy and smoko it for 3 days.

Add

After 3 days

take 1. oz daily in the morning on an empty stomach till there is
response.

25.

SNB1ZH-TG ASSOCIATED WITH EOSINOPHILIA
A. Take 3 pepper with 3 leaves of KUDAGU early morning daily for 41 days.

r» Do NASYAM with kudagu leaves

0. Do NASYAM with kapasi juice

Kapasi English

- ' ’last Indian screw tree

Hindi

-

Malayalam -

Kapasi, Dhcndu
Kayyanyan

Use regularly oil in which Tulasi loaves are seasoned

D.

Season coconut oil with rod sandalwood, sliced lino and camphor and

E.

apply to the scalp

Camphor -

Tamil

24.

- Karpuram

Kannada

>-

Hindi

*- Kapoor

Telugu

- Karpuram

Malayalam

- Karpuram

11

PUTS

Take Triphair, powder in ghee daily at bod-tino
Triphala contains harara, gooseberry, bahera,

It is good for any a£o.

The

groat physician VagbadapharyAr used trinhala in most 'f Us preparations.

According to him if triphala is taken with gingelly seeds, you got the beau’
cf peacock and everlasting yo uth.

It prevents many diseases.

This modici?

which is easily available is hot given due respect to our ignorance.

11
Bahcra (Hindi)

-

English

Dolcric nyrobclans

•Dhaira, Bahora, Thera

Hindi

Trail

-

Kannada

-

Goting

Malayalra

-

Thannicka

English.

-

Chebulic nyrobalan

Telugu

-

Karakkaya

Trail

-

Kadookai

Malayalra

-

Kadukkai

Toni, Thani

Ilarara (Hindi)

27.

ULG3RS IN TIF. MOUTH
A. For oral thrush in children, grind, to paste gooseberry in breast mill-:
and apply
D.

Gargle with warn water in which honey and magnesium sulphate crystals

are added
Ci Mix 3 parts of neon leaves and 1'part popper in sour butter riilk and

drink this twice a day in the morning and evening
•

I

D.

Grind latjira in butter nilk and apply

B.

For mouth ulcers duo to vitamin deficiency, take tomatoes alone or

Latjira

- see preparation 9A

with butter nilk.

Along with this drink -5- glass of water used for

washing rice in which crushed gooseberry loaves are added.

28.

1AR PAIN AND FAR INFECTION
A. Fry horsegrra in a pah.

When it is hot, pour honey over it.

This warn

honey has to be solved and poured in both the cars.
B.

Crush the loaves of Tulasi and Nili-nargandi tr take its juice.

Add

this oil juice and oil to a pan and boil t.i 11 al 1 the water evaporates.

The remaining oil can be stored in bottles.

For ear ache and oar

infection in still 2-3 crops 2 tines to both the ears.
Nilinargondi (Hindi)
Hindi

-

Ni 11 nargandi,- Kala basninb

Telugu

-

Nallanochchi
Karunochchi

Trail

-

Malayalra

-

Kiarunochi

Kannada

-

Karinekkigida

u. iion-t the rods of THAZ17< and the warn juice of it has to 1x3 instilled
into the

12
Steal?. the stem of Harj oira and crush to /jet its juice.

D.

Ths till this

juice into the cars.
liar j oira Botanical name

Cissus quo/ran gularis

-

Hindi

- Ilarfoira

Bnglish

- Bdiblo stemmed wino

Tamil

-

pirandal

Telugu

-

NUllort tigen

Kannada

-

Sandubathi

Malayalam

-

Changalrmparanda

Crush the leaves and roots of Daol to got the juice.

B.

Add KALKAM and

equal amount ' f milk and cocong.t oil and apply on the scalp

pad (English)

29.

Bel

Hindi

-

Kannada

-

Pilvapatre

Tamil

-

Vilvam

Telugu

-

Pilvanu

Malayalam

-

Kocvalan

TOOTHACHE
A. Crush cloves and put in the open cavities

D. Poil guava. leaves in viator and. mouth-wash with this water
Coil skin of cashew-tree and RBZHU tree stem in water and use that

C.

viator for ncuth washing
30.

CONJUNCT IV IT IS/S ORB BIBS

A. Take a handfull of NAVANICKA, wash it nicely and keep it over night in
a clean vessel.

Next day a slimy liquid vri 11 bo formed.

To this

slimy fluid, add cumin seeds, ground tender stem of AMMAKARUMTI
WALUVBLUMPY and sieve it using a clean cloth and apply 1 -2 drops in
both eyes.

Apply in the morning for. 5 days

L. Grind together equal amounts of Nux vomica, cumin seeds and sandnlwcc

and nix: in tender coconut water.

Solve it and instill in both the

eyes.
Nux vomica
31.

-

refer 21 A

INJURY TO B.YIS/FORBIGN /OPUS IN BIBS
A; Crush drum stick leaves to take its juice.

Add honey and breast mill

to it, soivo and apply in the eyes
P. Soak flowers of Chandini in bro st milk overnight-and pour in the oyoi

.

the next mornin.;

Tamil ’

Chandini (Hindi) *- Bnglisb

- Wax flower plant

- Nanthiavattrnpu Telugu,

- Nandivardhanamu

Malayalam

— Nani" iarvattan

13
Grind tender sheets of vetty and .cunin seeds and nix in broa.st milk.

C.

Tie this in a cloth.

Squeeze 1-2 drops to the gryes.

Vetty (Malayalam)

Tanil

- Maravattai, lliradinuttu

Telugu

- . Advebad'enu, Niradi

D’. Grind Jaranala, cunin seeds and snail rod ionions to a paste.

,

Mix in

breast milk, seivc and apply in the eyes.

Jaranala Potanical nano

- Phyllathus Nirus.i

Hindi

- Jaranala

Marathi

-

Telugu

-

Nelausirika

Tanil

-

Kizhkaynelli

Kannada

-

Kirunolli

Malayalan

-

Kce z hamelly

rhuiavala

3. Grind cunin seeds in the juice of KUDAGU LTAVSS,add breast nilk tc it
and apply in the' yyes
F. Grind cunin seeds in SA’'ADI VI juice and breast milk and apply in the

eyes
Sahadevi (Hindi)
- Veronica. Ciner'co-

Botanical none

Bnglish

i

- High coloured fleabono
- Sayadevi

Marathi

32.

Tamil

- Nai-chette

Telugu

- Gherittckarnina

Kannada

- Sahadevi

Malayalam

- Pccvankurunthalo.

DYSBMTRY

A. Tka

the juice from Tamarind loaves, nix with equal quantity of

butter-nilk, and boil, till it reduces to 1/4 the volume and add

chongoodiun powder and drink.
Chenopodium (English)

Tamil

Parupukirai

Telugu

-

Pnppakuru

Hindi

-

Eethusug

Malayalam - Ajiamodolcara

B.

Grind the tender shoots of cashew tree in rice water and drink

Q. Grind Ghobhi, nix Vi,th rice flour and roast the dough to thick cakes

and eat

15
D.

Sa.tavo.ri in nilk and boil and give.

If it is long standing, grind together,

Satavari and. KALKAN. and fry in ghee an1. .-live it 3 tines.
Satavari (Hindi)

35.

Hindi

-

Satavari, Shakakul

Kannada

-

Sfratavari

Tamil

-

Tenmiryittc® - Kizhangu

Telugu

-

Phillitaga

Malayalam

-

Satavarikizhangu

DIARDHOTA
A. For cannon diarrhoea in children, powder nutmeg-, cinnamon and paiaegranet

skin in equal, amount and mix it in a few drops of honey and rive it thrice
a day.
Cinnamon (English)

Hindi

Marathi

- Dalchini
_
n

Tamil

- Kannalavanqapatti

Kannada

- Lavangpatti

Malayalam

- Karuvapatta

Nutmeg (English)

-

Hindi

-

Jaiphal

Kannada

-

Jaiphal

Telugu

-

Jajikai

Tamil

-

Jathikkay

Malayalam

-

Jathikka

l. Grind tender shoots of P3ZIIU to a gooseberry size ball, mix it in butter

milk and .give for drinking
C. Diarrhoea in small amounts associated with wind, responds to drinking

butter milk in which roasted garlic is added

36.

PEPTIC ULC1R
Add honey to turmeric powder and roll to a ball measuring a gooseberry

size and take it 3 times half an hour before meals.
cured,

Take till, the ulcer is

buffalo’s milk can be consumed during this treatment but avoid

hot, spicy, sour food stuffs.

In many cases, complete cure has been

reported, though surgery was advised prior to treatment,

37.

NCDULAR HHARGTMW H-T THT RCK

A. Grind liquorice in ghee and apply

Liqurice (English) Hindi

- Mulethi

Kannada

Telugu - Yashtimadhulcam

Yashtinadhukam Tamil - Atinadhurara

Malayalam - Atimadhuram, Irattimadhuran

16
Grind Korehi-jhar, mix in butter milk and apply

D.

Korechi-jhar (Hindi)

Botanical name

-

Cyperusirotundus

English

-

Nut girasis

Marathi

-

Earikmotha

Telugu

-

Thungamusti
Korai kizhangu

Tamil

-

Kannada

-

Tongahulla

Malayalam

-

Muthanga

0. Select the root of EKAIJAYAKAM which has gone in north direction, grind it to
paste and apply
38.

COLD
Take equal amount of gooseberry flesh, tamarind leave-veins, MUTHANGA and
Mix it in the .juice of Nili-nargandi leaves.

grind to a smooth paste.

Fry

this in coconut oil and apply liberally on the scalp

Nili-narandi
39•

-

refer preparation 28 P

■

•

BLUNT INJURIES
A. Crush roots of KATTADINAYAKAM make kanji out-of it and drink

E.
40.

Drink human urine

PAIN AND SWELLING DUE TO SPRAINS
All grind to paste leaves of EKANAYAKAM, mix with equal amount of pure ghee

and apply on the area of sprain.
C.

Take Lajalu plant along with the root and grind to a smooth paste in the
water used for washing rice and apply over the affected area.
Lajalu

41.

- refer preparation 11 A

ECZEMA
Grind to paste the whole plant of gobhi along with its roots and mix in
cow's milk and drink-every morning for 7-21 days

Gobhi - sec preparation 32 C
42.

COMMON SKIN DISEASES

Soak flowers of white okander in coconut oil, keep it in the sun

and then apply,

Most of the common skin diseases responds to this

treatment.

Oleander (English)
Hindi

- Kansr, PilaMalayalam

Tamil - Arali

- Vejla-aralli'

Telugu

- Ganeru

17

A. Grind ncem leaves to a thick paste and mix in ghee and roll to a ball of

gooseberry size and take on empty stomach in early morning.

Continue

treatment till, anaemia is cured.

LJ-v,

D.

Grind neem leaves to a paste, mix in honey and take

C.

Crush the gooseberries to take the juice and add honey to it end take

D.

Crush 7 leaves of KUDAGU with 7 cumin seeds and take early morning.

JAUNDICE
A. Gtind together leaves of KUDAGU, cumin seeds and raw ginger to a thick

paste, roll it to a ball of gooseberry size, take it in the morning for

7

D.
C.

|

days.

Amply the juice of P00CTAMA"'AKI leaves to eyes.
Grind the whitish tender shoots of castor plant with cumin seeds to a
paste, roll it to a ball of gooseberry size, take it on empty stomach in
the morning for 3 days.

45.

Avoid fatty food and salt, till the jaundice subsic

MIGRAINE.

A. Grind the leaves of KOONANPALA to a paste and apply on the forehead
D.

Apply the juice of Jlulhul leaves to the ears

Ilulhul (Hindi)

,

Hindi

-

Ilulhul, Hurhur

Tamil

-

Nayikadugu, Nayivedni

Malayalam

- Kattukodagu

•

0. Grind thumba leaves and lime to paste and apply on the center of scalp

"

Tjjur.iba - sec- preparation 3
D. Crush together 21 leaves of KANTHARICHEENI and 21 cumin seeds in 2 drops of
breast milk or water.

Squeeze and apply 2 drops of the juice into the

eyes.
E.

Grind leaves of VELIKONGINI on water used for washing rice.

Keep this

paste on the scalp and also apply on forhhea.d.

46.

SWELLING OF-LEGS SEEN IN PREGNANCY

A. Drink plenty of water in which MULIANCT1EERA is boiled.
E.

Drink plenty of water in which CIPRUpOOLY is is boiled.

This is good for

those who have albumin in urine, swelling of body and stones in urine.

C.

Make curry with the core from the stem of PALAYANNCDAN plantain and. eat
it, or alternatively crush the core and drink its juice.

for those who have stones in urine.

This is ideal

18
47.

HIGH PLOT PRESSURE

A. Drink water in which Adan and Eve are boiled.
D. Crush the core iron the stem of PATA7AN KODAK plantain and drink its juice.
Do not drink water during neals and drink a glass of water ~~ an hour after

meals.

C.
48.

Drink the water in which MULLAN CIKERA is boiled.

URINARY (DESTRUCTION

Add to it 1 gran cf Dla.cknusale

Crush Sa.tava.ri to get 1 liter of its juice.

to it and 2 gm of powdered candy sugar.

Eoil the solution till it reduces
Take about -V oz of milk

to honey consistancy and then store in bottles.
doiDy,

This relieves burning micturition if present also.
Satavari

- refer preparation 34 D

Elack musale - refer preparation 15 A

49.

DANDRUFF
A. Grind to paste KT’ZHARNELLY and apply on the scalp and bathe.
D.

Crush the leaves of Kapasi to got its juice.
oil or coconut oil to it and 3 popper.

Add equal amount of gingelly

Pour in a. pun and boil it.

When

all the water evaporates, the nepner breaks and immediately te.ke the pan
from fire, and store in bottles when. cool..

This she uld be applied to the

scalp.

The preparation is also good, for excessive hair falling, headache and
diminishing-eye sight.

Kapasi

- refer preparation 25 C

C. Grind CH3RUKIZHANGU to a paste and apply on the scalp

50.

ARTHRITIS AID J PICT SWELLING

A. Crush the loaves of thorn apple and take its juice.

Boil this juice i
Pour this water sl.owly over the affected joint.

water.

Thorn apple

Hindi

- Sadah-dhatur

Marathi

- Dhotwi

Telugu

- Ummatha

Tamil

- Unatai

Kannada

- Ummatay

Malayalam

- Umraath

D. Fry duck1 s egg in meem oil and eat daily

51.

RHEUMATISM

A. Roots of Eirhatta
Goat's leg bone

- 10 gm Roots cf Dariar - 10 gm
- 1

chat's hand bone

- 1

Cut all the above ingredients to nieces .apd boil in 3 liters of water.

consume 1 cup af-ter seasoning with mustard in ghee. Immediately after
drinking cither exercise or work nicoly for sone time.

Daily

19

Birho.tta( Hindi)

Botanical name

Sclanium Ihdicum

English

Indian night-shade

Hindi

Eirhatta

Marathi

-

Dolimoola

-

Karimulli

Tellanoolalca

Telugu

Tamil

Kannada- .

Kirigaligidia

Malayalam

Puthirichunda

Bariar (Hindi)

Botanical name

Sida cord ifolia

English

Country mallow

Hindi

Ba.riar

Marathi

Chikana

Telugu ®

Chitinutti

Tamil

Mayir-na.nikham

Kannada

Kisangi

Malayalam

Kuriinthotty

D. Mix equal amount of neem oil and coconut oil.
apply all over the body.

//////

Season it with garlic and

-1 O

-1 2 iINKING--THE TEA

1)
The yeast is of rubbery consistency and would be kept moist
at' all times'.
If allowed to dry out in the sun, it will die.
2)
Procure a large bottle or container (about .128 ozs or 4 ltrs)
and a pot that will hold .the amount of water without boiling over.
All utensils should be scrupulously clean.
3)
Measure 128 ozs .and place the pot with 16 ozs sugar and 5
table spponful of tea (or 5 tea bags to.eliminate strlning).
More
or less tea may be'made with the proportions , .. but.'; 12 8 'ozw is.just'
about right for one., pejrsqn, l:2',<.c.ups..jper.., day ,3? as/Ttushould 1 as t until
the next batch is ready.

4)
Bring the mixture to a boll, then turn heat down and allow
to simmer for another five minutes. Turn off heat and allow to.jd
cool to body-temperature. Too much heat will kill the yeast. '

'

.

. .

5)
Carefully clean off the surface of the.yeast in luke warm
water in a clean dish.
■. :t"'.' :.
i

6)
Pour the cooled water-sugar-tea mixture into.the bottle
mouthed) and place the cleaned yeast into the solution.

(wide

7)
Cover the bottle mouth with clean cheese cloth or J. Cloth
and secure with a rubber band.
8)
Place the bottle in a warm room to ferment and do not shake
or disturb until the tea is ready in about 2 weeks to 15 days.
The
warmer the places quicker it will be ready and vice-versa.

9)
After about 3 to 4 days, a new yeast will grow either on the
surface of the old piece or.on the..surface of the liquid .... Both
will bo cut into 2 or 3 pieces’.’to' give; to good; friends and members
of the family or to set up other batches for yourself.
10)
After about 15 to 16 days (determine this according to your
locality - colder places require upto 18 days or more), the tea
should turn sweet and ready to use.
11)
Strain (not necessary if tea bags are used) into bottle and
store in refrigerator, and drink no more than 300 (approx 2 cups)
daily. You may wish to drink it 4 times a day, in which case use
1/2 cup each time dilluted with ice-water and sweetned with sugar
if necessary.

12)
If the brew // is kept out of fridge, it will become sour,
but this will not reduce its properties.
It may be diluted or
sweetened to taste.
13)

Huy you all find good health in this Kargasok Tea.

WATER 4 Ltr.,

SUGAR 1/2 Kg,

TEA LEAF 5 Table spoons,

TIME 15 DAYS

KARGC6AK TEA

About six years ago,

a Japanese lady went to Kargosak, Russia,

for a visit and discovered many healthy old people,
100 years old.

in fact there was a man,

all over

130 years old, who

married an 88 year old lady and they were still able to have
babies.

This Japanese lady was amazed at what she saw and wan

ted to find out the secret for women, over 80 hardlv

kies.

ten wrin— ■

She found that young and old alike in every home aside and

drank a TEA - about 300 cc daily but now more.
To make the tea,

this lady obtained a piece of a special yeast

with Instruction on how to use .it and took it back to .'Japan where
she proceeded to make it, and invited her friends to drink it.
She,

in turn, presented her friends with pieces of the yeast wtth

instructions on how to use it and Invited them to do likewise in

passing to their friends."

After drinking the TEA for a while, the

people came back to report their results.

A man with 210 B.P. got

it down to 140/80, a young girl with white ring worm all over her
chest was cured.

In Kargasok, cancer and high B.P. are unknown.

In J^pan, this Tea became conversation piece on T.V. & Radio and
over a million Japanese are now drinkingit.
It eventually went
to Taiwan then Hong Kong and now to many■£ar-cornars of the world,
from one friend to another as a mark of love and esteem. This tea
is a healthy drink and seems to be panacea for all kinds of ailments.
Scientists have been studying it and found that it contains 8 ele
ments which the body cannot do without.
Is this a cure for Cancer?
Sdfentists will determine this in the future.
Dr. Fan Pan in Japan reports his findings

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

i

It will definitely make one live longer
- cure for chicken pox and ringworms.
Women will have less wrinkles.
Will prevent cancer
No menopause
Restores eyesight
Strengthen leg muscles
will cure arthritis
Longer sex life
Cures athlete's foot, constipation, joint & back pain
Cures Ulcers and Piles
Cures Coronary perferloschlerosis and Blood sugar
Cures Cataracts and Cardiac infracts
Improves appetite and cures Insomnia
Reduce fatness & stops diarrhoea
Cures Liver disorders & Gall stones
Prevents Car, Air & Sea olckness
Grey hair will darken t, bald head grow half

. . '.2

HERBAL FIRST - AID KIT
MEDICINES AND THEIR

Indication.

No.

Name of medicines

1.

Palkayam (Asafectida)1.3tomache

USAGES

Dosage.

Mathord of Administration.

S m.g.

Grind and mixed with hot water and dnnK.

a drope

Apply in the hole of the tooth in a cotton.

for Worm

Infection.
2.

Euchalyptus Oil.

Tooth ache

and head ache.
3.

JathiKKa (Nutmeg) .

4.

Turmeric powder.

Vomiting,

For head ache apply it on the forehead.

5 m.g.

Grind and mix with hot water and drinK

Diarrha.

5.

a pinch

Apply to the wond and bandage. For stomach pain

Stomach pain.

eat mix with honey.

Lemongrass oil+
li

Indigestion, 4 pepper

Eat 4 pepper kept early in the lemon grass oil.

Ayamodakasath

Stomach trouble. 5. m.g.

Mix with hot water and drink.

Cuts&Wonds,

gas trouble,

stomach pain.
6.

(Ajivara essance)
7.

Ve luthulli, E laikKai.

Stomach trouble.2 pice.

Chew it and drinK the juice.

8.

Marmani Thai lam.

Burning,cut#, few drops.

Massage the affected part after applying the oil

banges,disioc-

sation, gas

- h 3-41.

ation,joint

trouble.

0

pains etc.
y.

VayuguliKa.

(Ayurvidic pills)

10.

Villuadi guliKa.

(Ayurvidic pills)

Vomiting sen- 3 pills.

Poisoness
case.

1

Chew it and swallow.

Grind and drink, apply a little on the injury
part (bite or cut)

V)

-10

/« Ct-Y)
1^.
<7

'/Sc-’v'11-’ La/l(J/cuL
cr

reeling Good Willi Natural Remedies

HERBAL PHILOSOPHY: The Energy of Herbs
An important thing to learn about herbs is: they are not just groups of chemicals, but have individual
personalities just as people do. Understanding this personality is probably the most significant thing
a I lerbalist can do, and is the key to how the herbs work. Looking back into the history of herbology
we see that the essence of the herbs' personality was of great importance.

Going back in history we find medicine women using herbs as a means of treating all sorts of ailments.
They had little or no comprehension of what chemicals were in the various plants or of how the body
functions. These medicine people understood the essence or personality of the herbs, and they called
on the spirit of the herbs to aid them in healing. We don't have to look very far for reference to this;
just a short lilt) - 150 years ago the Indians of North America used this as the major method of healing.
They believed that the spirit of the herb fought a battle with the sickness and if it was stronger it would
win and the patient would make a successful recovery.
This essence (personality) of the plant is the non-physical attribute and is just as importanl as the chemical
make-up.
Most people today consider this idle superstition, but looking al it a bit more seriously we might find
a grain of truth in it. Aller all, I think that most of us would agree that humans are not just physical
bodies. We have emolions, abstract mental concepts, spiritual feelings, as well as the physical needs.
desires, functions and malfunctions of the body. If we have a variety of aspects making up our per
sonalities, why then should we believe that herbs are strictly physical without some form of unseen energy?
This energy, called "Vital Energy” (by modern herbalists), is just as importanl to them as is the chemical
makeup of the herb. What is this “Vital Energy '?

Medicine can lake many approaches. The western medical philosophy has generally taken a scientific
view towards health. Eor the most part doctors lake an almost mechanical approach. If you have a
broken arm, they can easily fix it. If there is a missing chemical in a biochemical pathway, they can
replace it or make a suitable piece to fit in. If there is a force acting against your body, such as a virus
or an unhealthy bacteria, doctors can usually create a stronger force in the opposite direction against
this intruding force. One must admit that our medical professionals are good mechanics, and we must
not underestimate the use of this mechanical knowledge. Modern medicine has cured many people
of many diseases. Unfortunately, these methods can have a shotgun effect and may destroy many useful
bacteria and are sometimes, over a long period, more harmful than beneficial.

On the other hand, if we look al European herbology. American Indian medicine, E.asl Indian medicine
and Oriental medicine, they all have a common underlying philosophy: consider the energy that flows
through the body.
This energy is called many different things such as the lite force, chi. prana, or (as the herbalists call
it) vital energy. It is the purpose of non-allopathic medicine to keep this energy flowing correctly through
the body or. if the How is improper, to return it to its natural path. The Herbalist feels that disease
is caused by stagnant or incorrectly directed energy due to some energv blockage. The herbalists role
is not so much Io attack a disease, but to maintain the natural How of vital energy The energy itself
will rid the body of <lisease.

COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
47/1, (First FloorlSt. Marks Hoad
BANGALORE - 560 001

VITAL ENERGY

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

Modern Herbal Philosophy; Vital Energy
Vital Energy is the flow of energy through one's body. This can be likened to a river that gets unnatural
ly clogged or dammed, stopping the normal flow of its energy. The river forms a stagnant pool which,
as I'm sure you've all seen, breeds abundant algae and insects in a swampy condition.
There are two very different ways to get rid of such things as mosquito larvae, abundant algae and
other undesirables:
1. The way 1 was told in high school to get rid of mosquito larvae was to pour oil on the water so
they couldn't breathe. You can also dump poisons into the water to make the environment unbearable
for these organisms. Of course this also destroys most other life-supporting functions in the pond.
2. The other way is to work on dislodging the obstruction damming the river. This lets the river flow
and clean itself naturally.

Our bodies are quite similar to this river. Disease is the blocking of the natural vital energy that flows
through our body. Let us say that at least some of these energy streams are the acupuncture lines in
the body. When the energy is flowing properly along these pathways, it naturally keeps the body clean,
just as the river does. Like a river, the bodily energy flow can handle a certain amount of waste. A

To fight disease in our bodies, we can dump in all kinds of chemicals to make the environment unliveable
for the intruder. We can, as an alternative, unplug the system and get the energy flowing again. As
in the case of rivers, if these energy pathways are not obstructed and no wastes are put into them,
the job of cleaning is not as taxing and the energy can then be used to support life.

Thus, our job is not to try to kill disease in our bixlies. Our job is to keep the body free of energy obstruction
so the natural vital energy Hows throughout the body selecting, disintegrating, absorbing, assimilating
and converting foodstuffs. In other words, we don’t try to lake on the role of trying to cure diseases;
we merely assist the vital energy in our bodies to flow in an unobstructed way.

Herbs, in this sense, are not really considered medicines. They are just specialized foods which help
vital energy flow, being somewhat selective in where their energy is directed. The 'personality' of the
herb will be attracted to certain areas of the body similar to different types of people associating in
like-minded'groups. For example, Juniper Berries have a 'personality" that strongly influences the kidneys.
This Vital Energy” is just one part of a modern herbalist's understanding of how herbs work. To understand
the chemical interactions the herbs have on the human physiological mechanism is just as significant^
Most herbalists feel that one is fairly ineffective without the other. The "Vital Energy" of the herb
what makes it work. For something to work in a live biological system it has to have life energy. Herbs,
with their own life essence, work in harmony with the biological system to enact healing.

A pharmaceutical will copy the chemical makeup of a herb, but it can only work by overpowering
the system, 'stealing' some of the body's life energy (as it has none of its own). Pharmaceuticals are usually
used when the body needs this life energy the most. In a medical crisis, for example, the pharmaceutical's
power and fast action of the chemical are necessary. Of course, there may arise some side effects that
have to be dealt with, but usually they can be best balanced out by herbal treatment later.
For the everyday non - crisis health problems, herbals have a long proven history of cure. After all,
most ol the herbals we are dealing with have been tested on millions of people over thousands of years.
Their methods ol use have been very thoroughly studied.

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

The Ecology of Energy
The ecology of the energy that we use in our body, and for that matter, any biological system, is impor
tant to understand. We don't really eat because it tastes good or because it looks nice! The main reason
for eating is to take energy into our body. All the food we eat is really little packets of energy that we
use to animate ourselves, think or even read this page. We are a big nutritional factory that processes
foodstuffs to give us energy, at least on the biological level. I eat an apple because it looks good, tastes
good but more specifically because I need the energy it gives me. This energy is the Vital or biological
energy that is in the food. Where does this energy come from?
The major energy source of our solar system is the sun, of course, and that is where our energy originates.
Some 93 million miles away, the sun acts as a very efficient nuclear reactor, and produces untold amounts
of energy.The planet Earth is fortunate in that it has developed a system for capturing this solar energy.
In Fig. 1.1 (Page 6) we have a summary of the whole process.

The Sun shines upon our planet where plants have the capability of capturing some of this energy,
thus putting the energy into the biological system (Fig 1.2). Plants are the only biological system that
can capture this solar energy to be used by the rest of the biological systems on this planet. One can
easily see that the plant kingdom has a very important responsibility in being the sole collector of biological
energy for our planet. It is also easy to see that the plant kingdom takes this responsibility very seri
ously, as plants seem completely dedicated to their job and the sun! If I have a potted plant in my win
dow it will bend towards the sun. If I turn the plant around it will switch its direction again orienting
itself toward the sun. Of course it is impossible for us to consider what a plant might feel, but this level
of complete dedication Io the sun that the plants give almost seems like they feel' that the sun is their
God. Could this be why some ancient human cultures conceived of.the Sun as their God?

- 5 -

ECOLOGY

cO-

THE

Fig.

1-1

OF

ENERGf

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

I-ooking at the situation a bit closer we can see what happens on a molecular level (Fig 1.3). When
the Solar energy hits a chlorophyll molecule in the green parts of the plant the Magnesium (Mg) atoms'
electrons are excited. In our simplified diagram of the Magnesium atom (Fig 1.3 1 4| we see that
the orbital of the electron has expanded. We could make thisanology to a person jumping for joy when
something very exciting is happening. The plant in its complete dedication to the Sun seems to get very
excited (or at least its Mg molecules do!) when the radiation of the Sun shines upon it. This w'hole pro
cess is very simplified but is of the utmost importance, because this excitation of Magnesium represents
the entrance of solar energy into the Earth's biological system. All other organisms live off this energy.
Can we say then that the primary source of biological energy on our planet is the dedication that the
plants have to the Sun? (Some Alchemists believe that this is a good model to look at. If complete dedication
is given to one's God, then all the energy necessary for existence will be given back.)

This'excited'energy is passed onto other molecules, such as ATP and NADPH2, for short - time storage
in the plant cell (Fig 1.4). We can consider them solar batteries, and in my diagram I have signified
them as a "Durasol Solar Battery' (the solar-topped battery). This Solar energy, now converted to Biological
energy is available to do work in the organism or to be stored in the form of nutrients such as a simple
sugar called glucose. The basic energy manufacturing process of nature occurs through a series of chemical
reactions, one of the best being "the Krebs Cycle”. If we now take two units of working energy and
- 7 -

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

pul it into the Krebs Cycle, with this basic stored energy, we get 38 units of working energy out on
the other side of the reaction! This energy can be used elsewhere to make raw chemicals into various
nutrients for the plant such as Glycosides, Alkaloids, Vitamins and many other nutrients. The key point
here is that it takes the excited energy of the original solar energy, being passed along the system, to
activate these molecules. All of these biologically made nutrients have their molecules made up of excited
electrons, energy from the original solar excitement of the Magnesium molecule. Chemicals are basically
shells that carry energy. We survive on biological energy. I have to eat living organisms with biological
energy to survive. If this were not (rue my lower jaw would be different, being more like a bulldozer
for scooping up dirt, thus getting all of the minerals needed for my body. The plants do this for me;
they pull the minerals out of the ground, filling them with live biological energy so that I can use them.
Since my primary need for eating is to obtain this biological energy, I eat plants or organisms that eat plants.

Fig.

1 5

To gain its energy a herbivore eats plants and a carnivore eats herbivores. (Fig 1.6 &. 1.7) To gel our
energy we can eat from any of these groups, as we are of a higher group. (Fig 1.8) It is interesting to
note that any waste materials, either in the form of excrement or parts not completely eaten, at recycled
via the micro-organisms. This compost makes it very much easier on the plants because now they do
not have to convert .ill nutrients into biologically usable lot ins, since some nutrients absorbed from
the soil are already in this form, and only need to gel charged up.
Now what does all of this have to do with feeling good with natural remedies?

It is easy to see that to keep our solar batteries charged we need biological energy. What is most dis-ease,
but a lack of proper biological energy? When 1 am sick 1 need certain types of nutrients to help heal
me. These nutrients are really chemicals that are shells specific to my energy needs. Since 1 am looking
more for the energy contained in the chemical than the shell itself 1 want the chemical with the best
type of energy available, biological energy. I will normally be belter served with chemicals that come
from the biological realm.

- .8 -

Peeling Good With Natural Remedies

/Mong comes Man (Fig 1.9) with his isolated views of the universe and looks at the problem to make
a "better" way. Looking at the way a plant makes a chemical that has traditionally been used for a cer
tain health problem, man realizes he can make it cheaper and faster, therefore making profits for himself
and his company. The big problem is that the scientist didn't realize that there is much more to plants
and man than just chemicals. Man cannot live by chemicals alone. The only way that these chemicals
can work in a biological system is to be activated by biological energy. Synthetic chemicals have to
lake the energy from (he biological system they are in. These synthetic chemicals, which might be useful
in crisis medicine, don't really have a place in our day to day life.

These synthetic chemicals, because of their lack of Biological energy, have to be taken in fairly large
quantities to work. Synthetic chemicals work like a bulldozer pushing chemicals down certain biochemical
pathways. Since there are often side branches to these pathways a person often gets side effects from
them. Herbs, on the other hand, have the Biological energy already in them, so the same quantity of
chemical is not needed to achieve the job. This has a threefold benefit:

1. Because the biological energy in the herb is in "harmony" with the biological needs of the body the
herbal chemical most often goes down the right pathway without side effects.
2. We don't have the possibilities of as many side effects because of the lower quantity of chemical.
3.

Biological energy is given to the body during this process, not taken as in the case of the synthetic
chemical.

These benefits are not without any drawbacks though. Herbal energy takes much longer to form its
benefit, llerbals are just not as fast as synthetic chemicals. This is why a smart Herbalist will often
surrender to a practitioner of synthetic chemicals in a crisis situation and then will try to clean up the
side effects later.
A consumer (Fig 1.10) has to make aware decisions of how to best help themselves and their family
in disease situations; to be able to decide between the synthetic way and the natural way. That is what
this book is about ■ Feeling Good with Natural Remedies.

There is still another major question to answer about herbs and that is: In what form is it liest to take herbs?

Peeling Good With Natural Remedies

Fig.

19

METHOD OF HERBAL PREPARATION
The essence of a herb can be best obtained in the usable form of a menstruum. The most common
menstruums are water, alcohol and apper cider vinegar.

Different common methods for tiie preparation of Herbs
Herbs have traditionally been available in four forms: teas (infusions), capsules/tablcts, fluid extracts
and tinctures. Each form has its own advantage. Teas are valuable because the medicinal ingredients
of the herb are in solution (menstruum), thereby allowing efficient absorption of the active ingredient^
Capsules, on the other hand, are very convenient. They can be taken anytime and anywhere, and becaufl
the herb is encapsulated, its often unpalatable taste is shielded. Fluid extractsand tinctures are valuable
because they are the most potent form of the herb. They also store for long periods of time, and because
of their strength, small doses are as effective as larger doses of the same herb in another form.
However, each of these forms has its disadvantages. Medicinal teas are often unpalatable and inconve
nient, requiring special preparation; therefore, people do not take them as often as they should. Capsulated crude herbs, in spite of their remarkable convenience, are hard to digest because the active
ingredients of the herb are entrapped within cellulose cages with no menstruum to release the essence.
Only an optimally functioning digestive system (something we seldom see) can fully release them. Fluid
extracts and tinctures taste, in a word, terrible and are messy. If they are not handled with caution.
stained clothes are often the result. Also, with teas, fluid extracts, and tinctures, part of the herb and
consequently, part of its value is missing. As in the making of a tea, we leave the bag and drink the
tea, tinctures and fluid extracts throw away the bulk herb after extraction.

10 -

Feeling Good With Natural Remedies

The Quadgyric Method
The QUADGYRIC METHOD is special. It combines all the advantages of the above four forms and
yet eliminates all of their disadvantages. By PRE-INFUSING the herbs in special solutions (menstruums)
in an advanced manufacturing teclinique, it liberates the active ingredients of the herbs from their cellulose
entrapment. They are then redeposited on their original cellulose base. This is similar to making a tea
but keeping the base that was used in the first place. You get the whole herb and nothing but the herb,
with its essence activated.

CRUDE HERB

QUADGYRIC

WHY THE QUADGYRIC METHOD IS SUPERIOR

1. THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS ARE IN A READILY ABSORBABLE FORM.
2. THE VALUE OF THE ENTIRE HERB IS RETAINED.
3. THE ESSENCE OF THE HERB IS IN AN ACTIVATED FORM BECAUSE IT WAS RELEASED
BY A MENSTRUUM.
4. IT IS PALATABLE.
5. IT IS CONVENIENT.

In the following section I have listed the formulas that are available in quadgyric form.

'pg-f) - 1 0

INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL (MEDICINE
Human body is composed of some matter as that of this universe.

Though we

can subject it to chemical analysis we cannot recreate it by a chemical
The body and its functions are very complex.

synthesis.

There is an

arrangement which goes beyond the matter that runs and controls the functions
of the body.

The balance in this arrangement of the biological functions

of the body is health and the imbalance is illness.
This balance is differently seen by different medical systems.

Each system

leans on a philosophy and works on a thesis based on its vision.
Ayurveda puts three basic principles - Vatha, Pitha and !'apha.

For example,
On this

philosophy of triple principle it builds up its method of diagnosis and
treatment, i.e., finding out the causes of imbalance and means to correct it.

In India we have many workable system of treatment, in use. Allopathy,
Homeopathy, Ayurveda, Unani, etc......

Allopathy which assumed the name of modern medicine has a method of diagnosis
and therapy.

surgery.

It has also adopted a lot from the sciences of psychiatry and

But in practice people feel its vision is far too mechanical.

It

may seem that it is not the human person that is affected, but different parts

of his body and it can be cured part by part or damaged parts may be removed
and replaced even ignoring the psychiatric knowledge it has developed.

islack of logic in practice.

There

But it has become (The medicine) due to

several reasons.
Herbal (Medicine may not be called a system, but surely it is the most ancient

form of treatment for human maladies as old as human illness.

When man found

that he was not well, he had wounds, burns, insect bites etc., he naturally
turned around to look for relief.

He first found the herbs and applied them.

There the experience and experiment started.

This experience was stored and

transmitted from generation to generation.

A lot of it was lost and much of it

was stolen and kept by the Drug Companies.

But something is still preserved

and practiced.

_> o
K
O j? o

Now we draw from their valuable store.

Learning about herbs;

H § %

There is no magic herbal formula for all ills, this herb for that disease,
There is no use in learning such a way either.

To treat a disease one

should be able to diagnose the diseases and its causes,(under whatever

u £ j
> o q
o
z u. <

system it may be) and decide a treatment. Then there is selection of the
§
§
7
.
<a u- co
herb, the variety of it, fix the dosage etc. The medicine should be easily O \
5

available.

.../2

2
It is very important to start with the plants we have in our neighbourhood
and learn their uses.

For this we have to start learning from the ignorant;

village people, grandmothers; dais and people who roam about with magic ano
medicine.

Those informations are very useful, but we should not blindly follow

them but also check it with other informations, the knowledge we got from books,

cur own experience etc.
Collection of plants
Some plants we can easily locate.
Seme we can easily get.

For example a neen tree in the village.

Onion and garlic for instance , some are easily found

in the vegetable and flower garden, drumsticks and hibiscus.

But for the most

part we should identify the plants in places they grow and preserve them from

all their enemies including man.
For the modern man whichever plant is not commercially important is "weed".
The forest department keeps a few species of timber trees like teak, rose-wood

ets.. and destroys the whole flora calling it 'jungle wood' and it systematically
plants Eucalyptus instead.

The (farmers also grow foodcrops what the

industrialists buy, coffee, tea, rubber, pepper etc,which has a demand in the
market.

All the rest is destroyed as 'weeds', to perfect the plant slaughter and

make it easy for the industrialists supply.

'Weedicides' the use of which is

eventual 'suicide' for the human generation.

The town planners have the idea of 'garden cities' and they beautify their
avenues with selected flowering plants.

What happens to the hundreds and

thousands of plants, especially the small and the annual plants, creepers

growing under the shades and by the riversides?

These are not oven preserved

in the botanical gardens.
Once we had the plants in the villages and any ordinary person would know their

names.

Now the habitat of the plants is destroyed with all its progeny.

Together with the plants the knowledge the common man has the valuable treasure

gathered and accumulated by his ancestors is stolen from him.
in books research reports of the drug Industry.

herb and the knowledge.

It now remains

So we have to regain both the

We have to locate, identify the plants and cultivate

them, re-learning their uses and re-educating the village folk.

We have so

far told them all that they knew was magic and superstitions and foolishness and

only our tablets were the correct medicine.

We gave these so lavishly so

that they could use them for their common ailments even when they were
perfectly well.

The medicinal plants cultivated are said to be less

effective, may be because they lost their natural habitat and consequently

the natural nutrients and now take in a lot of man made pollutive materials.

But we have no alternative.

.../3

3
Together with herbs there are a lot of other things which are
traditionally used as medicine,for example - salt, honey etc.
These are what the housewife can find in the kitchen garden make
home remedies which will serve as first aid in every case and
for ordinary ailments it can serve as a perfect nature cure. It
should be the aim of the health worker to ecuip every housewife
with the knowledge sufficient to care for family and the neighbours
without running to the drug store for every little heacache.

The following passage is taken from - FEELING GOOD WITH NATURAL
REMEDIES, by Terry Willard, M.Sc., MH, CI, Wild Rose College of
Natural Healing, Canada.
Herbal Philospphy; The energy of herbs.
Arj important thing to learn about herbs is- they are not lust groups
or chemcials, but have individual personalities just as people do.
Understanding this personalities probably the most significant thing
a Herbalist can do, and is the key to how the herbs work.
looking
back into th history of herbclc-gy'we sec that the essence of the
herb's personality was of great importance.

Going back in history we find medicine using herbs as a means of
treating all sorts of ailments. They had little or no comprehension
of what chemicals were in the.various plants or how the body
functions. These medicine people understood the essence or
personality of the herbs to aid them in healing. We don't have
to look very far for reference to this. Just a short period of
100 - 150 years ago the Indians of North America used this as the
major method of healing. They believed that the spirit of the
herb fought a battle with the sickness and if it was stronger it
would win and the patient would make a successful recovery.
This essence (pers- nality) of the plant is the non-physical
attribute and is just as important as the chemical make-up. Most
people today consider this idle superstitj_cn but looking at it
a bit more seriously we might find a grain of truth in it. After
all I think that most of us would agree that humans are not just
physical bodies. We have emotions, abstract mental concepts
spiritual feelings, as well ;;s the physicial needs, desires,
functions and mal-functions of the body.
If we have a variety of
aspects making up opr personalities, why then should we believe that
herbs are strictly physical without some form of unseen energy?
This energy called 'Vital Energy' (by modern herbalists) is just
as important to them as is the chemical make-up of the herb. What
is this 'Vital Energy'?

VITAL ENERGYMedicine can take many approaches. The western medical philospphy
has generally taken a scientific view towards health. For the
most part doctors take an almost mechanical approach.
If we have
a broken arm they easily fix it.
If there is a ijissing chemical
in a biochemical pathway, they can replace it or make a suitable
piece to fu.x to it.
If there is a force acting against your body
such as a virus er an unhealthy bacteria, doctors can usually
create a stronger force in the opposite direction against this
intruding force. Cns must admit that cur medical professionals are
goodmechanics and we must not underestimate the use, of this
mechanical knowledge. Modern medicine has cured .many people of many
diseases. Unfortunately these methods can have a shot gun effect

...4/

4
~.iij nr." destroy many useful bacteria and are sometimes over a long
period more harmful than beneficial. On the other hand if we look at
European herbology, American Indian medicine, East Iridian medicine
and oriental medicine, they all have a com on underlyong philosophy
considering the energy that flows through the body. This energy is
called in many different things such as - life force, chi, prans, or
(as the herbalists call it) vital energy.
It is the purpose of
non-allopathic medicine tc keep this energy flowing correctly
through the body as if the flow is improper, to return it to its
natural path. The herbalists feel that disease is caused by stagnant
or incorrectly direc ted energy due to some energy blockage. The
herbalists role is not so much to attack a disease, but to maintain
the natural flow of vital energy. The energy itself will rid the

body of disease, to handle a certain amount of waste, To fight
disease in ouj? bodies, we can dump in all kinds of c .e~icals, to
make the environment unlivable for the intruder. We can, as an
alternative, inplug the system and get the energy flowing again.
As in the case of rivers, if these energy pathways are not
obstructed and no wastes are put into them, the job of cleaning is
not as taxing and the energy can then be used to support life.
Thus our job is not to try to kill diseases in our bodies. Our
job is to keep the diseases in our bodies^ Our job is to '’■eep the
body free of energy obstruction so the natural vital energy flows
through out the body, selecting, disintegrating, obsorbing,
assimilating, and converting food stuffs.
In other words, we don't
try to ta e on the role of trying to cure diseases, we merely
assist the vital energy to flow in an unobstructed way.
Herbs in this sense, arc not really considered medicines. They are
Just specialised foods which help vital energy flow being somewhat
selective in where their energy is directed. T!
.■••.••Tonality of
t'.
herb will be attracted to certain an areas o the bodv similar
to di-.'.crent types of people associating in 1 like-minded1 grown- .
E: r example, Jupiter berries have a Bpersonality1 that strongly
influences the kidneys. This vital energy is just one part of a
modern herbalist's understanding of how herbs work. To understand

the chemical interactions the herbs have on the human physiological
mechanism is just as significant. Most herbalists feel that one
is fairly ineffective without the other. The 'vital' energy of
herb is what makes it work. For something to work in a live
biological system it has to have life energy. Herbs, with their
own life essence, work in harmony with the biological systems to
enact healing.

A pharmaceutical will copy the chemical make up of a herb, but it
can only work by overpowering the system, 'stealing' some of the
body's life energy (as it has none of its own). Pharmaceuticals
are usually used when the body needs this life energy the most.
In a medical crisis, for example, the pharmaceutical power and fast
action of the chemicals are necessary. Of course, there nay arise
some side effects that have to be dealt with, but usually they can
be nest balanced out by herbal treatment later.
For the everyday non-crisis health problems, herbals have along
proven history of cure. After all .■ ost of the herbals we are
dealino with have been tested on millions of people over thousands
of years. Their methods of use have been very thoroughly studied.

5

MODERN HERBAL PHILOSOPJff-VITAL dlBBLY

Vital energy is the flow of energy through one's body. This can
be likened to a river that gets unnaturally clogged or damr'ed,
stopping the nor-wl flow of t .e energy. The river forms ? stagnant
pool which as I'm sure you've all seen, breeds abundant algae and
insects in a swampy condition.
There are two very different ways to get rid of such things as
mosquito larvae, abundant algae and other undesirables:
1. The way I was told in high school to get rid of mosquito larvae
was to pour oil on the water so they couldn't breathe. You can
also dump poisons into the water to rake the environment
unberable for these organisms. Of course this also destroys
most other life-supporting functions in the pond .

2. The other way is to work on dislodging the obstruction damming
the river. This lets the river flow and clean itself naturally.

Our bodies are quire similar to this river. Disease is the blocking
of the natural vital energy that flows through our body . Let us say
that atleast sore of these energy streams are the acupuncture
lines in the body. When the energy.is flawing properly along those
path ways, it naturally keeps the body clean, just as the river
does. Like a river, the bodily energy flow.

MEDICINE AND. £0uD
Hypocrates said "let your food be your medicine and your medicine
be your food". ?fost medicines are administered- orally. Herbs
induce a natural healing by correcting the inba.la.nco effected in
the human body by some reason or other. Evon in heeling a wound
this is tree. Admitting the power of the medicine we take we ha ve
to >dr>it also the power of whatever else is consumed. There is a
lack of lo$hc in the advise of a physician who tells you -"Ho
diet, cat whatever you like". He considers a small tablet ho
prescribes powerful and stomachfull of other things jusj 'neutral'
To-ether with treatment goes a correct food habit. If we know
that the present fo4d habit of a patient is not correct, atleast
we would correct if for the time being. This we call diet. This
moans the supportive fooa is used and those not supportive
avoided.

Herbal Medicine,. Preparation and .administration

The herbalists follow as a rule this simple principle. "One
disease one Medicine". But there are also formulas where several
medicines are mixed together. Medicines are in a formal ’work
like a group of people. If they have team spirit they mix well
and make a wonderful performance. But if they are inactive or if
they clash, the work is rendered difficult. The principle of
single herbal medicine works well by helpin., the body to
revitalize its functions in a uniform direction, A formula, of
different medicines can help better by accelerating this process
or.can work in different directions and help different functions
simultaneously. But for this we have to rely upon proven
formulas. Otherwise we may not .get the desired effect, or can
run the risk of a olasn of effects.

,Ty H“L™

•

6

In adninistoring the nedicine severe1 methods ere used. The
ayurvedic terminology of practises rad a. short description is
’given below,
a. For oral ad.ninistratiqn
1. Swarasa (juice)- The whole apart plant or part is s-ashed
thoroughly and the juice is extracted by squeezing it out. This
is one of the post suitable because post of the contents are
present in the original form. But it pay not be possible always due
to the nature of the staff and unpalatable tast~ etc.
2. Quatha( boiled) The nedicine is just boiled in water. The
volatile oils and vapourous naterials arc obtained to sore extent.
Quick dissolving and aromatic nedicines are less used in this
fern.
3. Kashaya (decoction) Not only boiled but thoroughly cooked and
the extract reduced and rade into concentrate.(usually reduced to
1/3) while a good apount of the substance, is obtained a considerable
part is lost in the process.

4. Whole plant pas,te„ well spashed and ground taken either as portion
or swallowed as balls.
5. C.hqqrnap_(powder) The nedicine is dried and ground into powder
and taken in with or without a pediup

.... _dulika_ .(pills) The nedicines are well ground and rolled into
pills and preserved. Usually administered in a medium
7. Lehian (sepi-solid) Decoctions are preserved together with
other ingredients m a base of jaggery and honey
8. Arishtun - Decoctions ferr.ented and preserved in a liquid forp
in a ±±qx±dxfexH jaggery base.

Drithap- Decoctions together with other ingredients preserved
in a ghee base
b. External Application :
1. Lepap: (poultice) The nedicine is ground and used as
poultice paste etc.for external application in a nediun
2. Thailun : Mfedicinal extracts and pastes prepared in oil and
used for application on hand, body, wounds etc.
3. Kizhi(fomented balls) Medicinal leaves etc. are made in to balls
in clean cloth while fopenting it is heated in steep, oil,
pan, etc. and applied.
4. Dhara?(shower)The nedicine is pade in to paste and nixed in a
nedicine and is gently poured on the affected part of the body
for a continuous period of tine.
5. Na.syan: (drops)dripped in to eyes, ears and nostrills.
9.

In the above processes nost of the nedicines can be prepared and
administered.
There are also other ferns but are too conplicated and need
special techniques and experience.

/////

Pm

In ths Indian systems of ^adicin® slants occupy a , r
’ n-nt ,;lr:ce
in the therapeutic
.
taay :3.r©curstsiilty
dtb H’r ctivsri:
.%nd 3;sft»ty /,.s th* ...i.iL':c means for tts cn;ice nf plants ir ths r.id;
uf treatment. A number of c:;:■ snon
vt-i tre ;:d with crtK^ftly
ayail-ibl® pl -r<ts. Rast ?f the.-, d.•-<•■•• to listed in this cMjitar urn
f ;u!s;< "rowing wild ell over the .country. Sor.o of i. p :: ere being
c:. ItivcteO in v ridus p-.rts of tr. country.
Thia chapter such se uaecribs© □ fsw• v«U' Rnoun plnnt? which re
useful iri lbs' ti'rrnt af certain cas->®;' «5.Itiants ouch ■<■. fpusrs,
ca-nstifj lien, j ntiqy,tion, felliowsn'iss, shaalgg:jjnets, etc. The
H:.t h:«.tMn'atrari«C alph.'hoticslly ;; f. •; i ;■■. ■ the botanical n.'ras,
fcu;.~wanly' known
naner, a brinf sjt'scriptiur. tr. ic^ntify the
al<nt, iha parts of the :■ ant to
used, co
utas, the- «■■■»
tiostitjw and ths netiiod ;f mcs# ■ Thsfi a pl onto
with
al tins
sir in sirepis cm?-:.-.-; r.:»ti.nrn
on U«<-'. c -ndltinn. -'herdv* s? the
.•:ouusr is crescteibed the EW’cifiah p rt o/' tha L..nt sns.id c- «h».de
'c'rleii, ground'.-anti' st rid .rronerly. In c.'scs -.hare axtrxsctt: rsr th;
(wi'en 1-3 r £?!:■ “v.-!!.;■.?»:■(, Lb? ;■ :nt
■ tut i tl :j!:tn.tl:S -e clcansci •.all :-~c
•jfound .in ;,; wortai and oastla (i,ho rrastc 1 r snm.r-d >_■•>
iionn
delta; . 1'. c.;•.?«.• of dscccti'. ns, L-he slant .-.c.teri -i is . oetie;
t;a..r.'Gx.y
for era
-t; jf r.hrr
-r faur ..■. ilf of
;;.■.:
:;:.iud ...’nd csdrcvii tn ,; ;;>y railing
>r-«d ;.-ccsr^lng.ti- itae : r:•■ .cdta. ■

_

.CzbiZviX

i'v/fcL^.njvv^

-

f JVVtZ/Mryrf-xX^vA-

iVtc^XZ-

jlfV

/ iljzvvvxA'Vv

-ilA oOVavtfcv'yv'’'- <

V'-r^^rrA- r -i!;y

?‘;A-vU>vt>',-A-

To P>& GjW^KS
M. SVaA (Sl^ f Vil ”5. ^2

. ’!2- ~/ty tixAM'VM ~- A'jspvfvtr-

.

V J)

GAM;

Ootanicel n.’-r&s Tr«chy»per®w« roxbujahianutp

:?:r;?;s;r

VytiUHyK'3 .

■ •aHKki'it

Ajataode

Hindi

Ajfflott, Ajesuda

Karinka

3 j«9&ave-«%

fUrsthi
TaMfl
Telugu ,.

Knranza
Cteaa
Vaau

Cn^lish

•,;■■/■■ ■■»•' -I .;r:„

Uanaral'ni?acri->tlcn'

A ruch.branched annual aron-iic h-..?!o
tn
93 c» hsi-.;ht, cul’-iviit.'-’d theaughsut the
country# This is a .c»>m hau.-iuheld its-.-®
■'.nt? if us®<; ■'ar hmisehnld roesnitts.
The ate# i® hairy, erect, branched, or:
33—243 cs. Flowers are white- or gr<-snish
white -jnd.axo at th* to;. r?F th- ste-T, Frwits
ajra
.trt? ovale with
ri■"<><so

v-8rt# unsds.

Fruits

Tastes.

Pungent

Luas, ef -.'. .-■■ 11 r,■■', 'r-.i!'.
C'f.U;b, c<tl.;
,-i.t.or ■
t r>»n’t 1 a s , h i ce -j ugh .

uses-s

■• rfi/t.atatlGn

i.\.

?>pf;s

flatulf.-nca,
r.- ..- ir. tory

',9-3
.•/»«<■-?r twice 0!)i;.y alar, with w if®
w?ster or ;.U'.tg>r.?.ilx» The- irfusi'-’n
:iC
this. in a case of 30 I to .-'0 -I s :■ re vaew
in till
tr. -nditd\ne
’’’■_ i ?if- i a-;->ve,
- f^otjrlic-n-stoly
drtv. ■ > - rn .■:? o
in cnil-'irifn.

Botanical 'naae; £chilea officlnails Gssrtn,

Synonyms:

janskrit
Hindi
Gujarati
Kannada
Malayalam- '■.
T amil
Telugu
English

Amalaki, Chatr!
Arnla, Aonla
A® la
Asleki, svall ikksi
6lalllt kelika
Siilli, kallikai
A <-■-, 1 a k e m ut L* s ■•- J. r i k a i
£ mb 11 c ■ 1 y r o % a 1 a n

General dascriot

Medium sired t«e»s» fjwri oil -ver ttw
Country ascending u;3 to 13'!?; -st ’?s?4 Gfton
seen in 5 rueng ;;nd on th« road side.
.iters tark white nr gray ■■.<'.-■ than, laavjs
Sttiu.I, about 13 mm long, r~ _-a-- . ie t-:<~;irlno
A'-avsa. F1qu<its
in tiny
clusters hKlou
Icasyss in su.'S"'-.; .:?twsen
ffisrch. I'd '-'.yy. Fruits gi'-'-ien -rt.' r':';r!9, :hin
3kinnsdt ur 1,0 33 mm In rfissst-. r with 6
uosllca'v lines -Jividin.^ tn? fr■■■■its ird.a
wgm'?nts. Sf?60 *arrt» olive yri<en in osiour.
f yul ting seasun Octsi-er-iSeccmrer,

■•art® used:

Fruits (Fresh nr dry)» The s&®d sr-Mln he
rsmoved baforn use.

T-sSte:

'r

Cncmcn user.:

^n-semie, hluefelny, yi«5dinssst .-in
burning ssrisation in t.n'. abiiunsn, srsyiny
end !"•;■ 11 ire; af.hair, eye risfiaj7r.-&. Thi?j c-n
'.■a used in all
-ratios «r- >~s :•;«>- tel tonic

?re ■■■■ ■ .tic,n .’nr dose:.

3—6 95? a»f L’njw.-?; to ;*.?j ivon- two or
thtae t.?.-.ra y day
«,&t jf or ••i.xstd olth
jnse,
/c:;la murahha. it generally predurstf
a
h? .isshald r.
y.
She u&ri of a" la -:ur >.*.ha daily in the rjytiinj
iid.isvs-,;® bilifiuSiWas. Ini's vd^a reliOv-’C
•■.■tidiness 3/tt! vsjrit ting se- option.

;.••> ■ nnnt 1 y sour

^atkflieal nastes i?j.nglhor officinale .'iose.

Ssyrwnyins
‘anakrlt
Hindi

Sen?,* 11
Gujarati
Kann da
?lalayal8ffl

T:*nl.l
T ■: I ugu

v> n-;l ish

•rdska, &htin?pst',Br&, Snunti (dry fursa)
fMrak, «dorak«
da
hd#e
-<onthi
In^i (fnoi.^t
5uk;>u (dry f •?;.■)
Inji
Alls«iu Owlst f. era), Suntl {dry f '.rr';
Si n-'s-ax'

Ga^-sral description:

.tldely cjRiuotec' throu-^'cut India on » lar‘;n
scale, especially in war ; turions, ch InFly
T.v.:i..lr>!idu, Kerala, and to a i-as^-.r ext»;--t in
<; qaal: md ’unj/'b.
an annual hurt ^JJ-120 per hJL.jh. Laovas no:rex1r. ?toly 35*2.5 c-. tenerio^ qrr.rfusj! y ?■-? a -nir.t.
'2ary rarely flower*. The underground rtc®
(rr»i?o e} is asoit, .her 1 Parisi ; s>; flsshy.

Porte i..•SB’d-i

Unset- ;r :unc- Stoo ? ro) oosor dry.

Tr. .-to:

PtH;-snt

Co.'.; ■■':.'.'n UBBRS

I /.'St i ■■>!*., flatulence,
L 0 o £ S> f ■opswti to,
< -r c«.;e i ■ u : ■' £
.’■’auseti, C:,u:jn "fiC
res'-is1.; tory trcct i n‘ •cti-’-n, jo xnt alns.

Pro:■ ■■: -.ti•».••' -..’usdsso:

1-2
of ti->. :.vJer :ft«?r sals .c:.« as a
di•;.?-.aivs. 1*2 tsar.poonful of . oh juics
nonay acts ; ■' :■-• c ugh lir-eus. 1 cr .-i .-cc of
®lnng ulth -s Httle s. In i; tekan half
an hsur ;.E»?wrs
£:■ rovns V.- s./ociito» •''
S"3ii ; ir?s?:. of ringar burnt ;.;r*. enC’-->:>e--; 1 eyr s>
f?;;:,'SO ;■ 'ind till u«<;r;-ss.
The .ow- nr is •
intornolly with warre
for ■ sin in joints. “ past- of ti;; eu.:?? ;.s
api.ll.v;d oxr.;;.-.’<»lly for r >1 iaf of Hiot ■n.o;.

.iotaoi'cal name* Eclipta alba (L.) Hasek*

3ymny®&
Sanskrit

ibringaraje, Keshnr-aje

Hiniii

tih anyra *. ■ dc.T an.;;rs ja

Cwntistl
Gujarati .
Kannsda

Kesuri?* Kcsati
8han$aro

:'iri
j®
Kanyeunnl
■Kaikashl, Garuo?:

■■"i.layalam
■ '• ■ '

Tamil

Talugu•

«'4 a I a a a r a t G un t a c■ ::< 1 a g a re

8.nt|iieh

The stes'cri -?lant

J •■.; na r a I i) s «c r i11 i on

'■ u«3rrM>n herb ?—‘15 cm hic>h9 town'i aprsaelng

ground In marshy or ’jatary ;.l.’:£:es

an

thrj?ugb-aut India*

Ste'w brounish block in colour, soft -.rd nrect.
L«»voe T?.5->1-3 ©sj lo^g
1 cm ccidsj tiaerauud
ot hi tn th© ondn. F lower c-talk 1 on■■}. 1 th

yellow colou: • d fl-O'.isirs s;t the. anc»

flowncB

vh'.i fruits ;3;i7?car in autumn*
P.-8?t£i ».i.-9»aJ

Whittle ,’lant*

i istc-s

Pendant .and .sitter

^oomi) ■

.Graying. ■ ^:; ■

of hair, jouooico,
aor.?

•Pr«Mr.>ratian and ’dose:

c’-.ln .cico s®«>

1—.’i tsUwShaonful of julco with h-cney doily

f r ci >. <.-,ttw troubles.

$n oil prop red f?->.?

ibis is used :s h.-sjjt'oil to .-rw^t .jrcyino
hsir «rs<s ••diin„•• of h-ilr, Tha -oast • 1©
apvlic;.;• .cxterhwlly far. akin -tlsc s?'w.
-

-S>' S' Ci. Jy'.-i-i
. (fr-

•,,,-.

l4W y-vc^f ,

£tfH44A*iv<X

3ozkZ>

- /</■/’. W4X< -

^-'•■'-'vj

l'
/

-

|-

"
- - - .

!/\'/WV &%/ -

LoAai jf'US^Ls^t .

' :4<vi4irtiA.

*~

M*XZy

~uva
f:otanleal name: Regie Harsnelcs (L.) Carr

jynrny’BS

Sanskrit
Hindi

• DengaJLi
Gujorati

Silva, Shriphalaj uadaphalo, aballoosha

Heel
del
'jell®

Kannsco

Help'jftra

flalny slain
Tamil

Aluhlghaa, Villuvam

Vil van, Kaovalue?

Teiu$«i

nared^i, Bilvswu

English

- ■.’■ffll -Fruit-T.rse, 'fcaipl Eunice

General description:

Trees securing up to 7.S-9 setons' in haight,
wild, eftwn pi-jnted all cv t i.'.« c wnfery.

Leaves

Itsrn ta in ^row;>& of thrift ;-;nd rarely

fiv® in nyt’h-er with « resinous odour, fIssuers
fcjv.'Qo.i-ah white?,sucat sc.wntnd,

2,5 eg? ^t-rass

fruits 5-1fi e® ir -i.s.abater, grey «r yellowish
coloured, round : '-d woody.
oblong, cp®r-rftse®d with

5e®ds :*any in nusesr,
MBisa coat sticHy,

©.•«ib®d«ed in orange col ured arsjpatic suset ':ul;3.

!

darts used:

Sr/ot bark snd fruit® (unripe)

Taste:

Astrlgent snd bltt'-ir

Cordon usss:

Lause .tujtiuns, ■•-•ations .itn mucus, fysentry,
• atnful swelling uf joints, res-lr--<ary el no

'?rtf -.; u * ■;t ion un;i do " a <s

'3-;i y~: nautier

ulo of unripe fruit rvliov-ss

:?iarrhu"-s --?nd dyaentry. u nene lien of thu root
is useful in r .-'/iitat-.-gy dio^o.aos*

Six ■■ HR T

ixQUK >

I

Botanical name: (a) Becopa eonniori (L.) !.<onnel
(b) Cantella asi»tica (t) Urban

byntjnyms
Sanskrit
Hindi

Srahffii, Handukaparni

Bengali

Srahmi, Jalnsem
Brahsii Sak, Hi rani

K .nnada

Urugat Hrahmi

Kaloyalasi

^aerbrahmi .

Tamil

FUrhtahmi

Telugu

Sarasuathiaku
Tty^e leisyed Gratiola
Indian Pennywort.

English

ueneral deacri-stlon:

z c\

(a) Uacapa uannieri (L«) P®nnel: ft ;succulent
creeping'herb found In d?s.y-p, wst xxo;rf warohy
places throughout ths country.
Siam W—3(J cm long, Lcuw.-s without :stsrlk flashy,
.flowers single, slightly bluish or •iihitw in
colour, fruits found in suc^r.
(b) Cfintsllo asiafcica (t.J Urban: A s/-.:all herb,
Ls:.vos 1,’~6*5 di as.!-; ter, flouars s.:po11, fruits
oblong,' corneress*cd and 1op;’j, Seads ff.ro
cqardsssed sideways.

Parts used:

tshcla plent.

Taste:

Bitter, astringent,

Cemeon usee:

Sl^eplesansise, anxiety, loss «f memory, f its

Pt«pa stijn and do set

'-ne tsaeponnful-'of the ,ouder thrice daily with
milk
Two teas••■oonf ul of the juico twice er thr ice daily
Oft

Two ro thr>?® tsblespatmfwl of t5r?.h"i ghrt (ghci®
pre.?.'sr.'ition usins; Brahmi) with »llk.

Botanical nawas Coriandruo sativum Linn.

Syncnyma
Sanskrit
Hindi

Ohsnyska, Dhejiya

Ghania

□engali

Malay&laa

.Ohgne
Konphlr
natha^bri
Kothumpalari

PT-ar.Hthi
T &JB11

Qhanna, Kothmir
Kothameili

Telugu

Ghaniyalu

English

Car a i aider

■Gujarati
. Kennada

descr iptlant

A herb 3a—9£l cm high* widely cultivctx-d
.throughout India once a ye<«r .Fter the rainy
□assan.

Laver leaves.broad.and'oppar ones thin
d
nsedlelik®. flowers white ar pinkish pur -le
in umbrellelIke bunches i the top of the
stem. Fruits oval .nd slewed, yeiiou brawn
in colour, 2.3-i?
di.Rioter*
half of the
fruit has « abed.

■■'.::rt.s US30S

fruit

Tastes

"•un

C <j»F« on use ns

stlnn, colicky psiin, .'.un trnko, .- urni
during urln.'tJ.cn ■ rri re nty urino, nils.’ $ p » c * v £? r 0

P r op ar a 11 on ■:. n r?

2>- gra of crushed fruit
to 2G3 ml of .
u-.tor, boiled, cooled •-nrf atroinsd. ?- f’;l Cf*
this decoction given 3 to 4 timas a day XS
useful in th® .above ccnditisns.

nt

Eotanieal namet ftlcinus communis Linn.

Synonyms
Sanskrit
Hindi
Congali
Gujarati
Ksnnada
Malayalam
Tawil
Islugu
English

Ersnda, Vatari
:Arend, Sendi
{Jheeonds, VerandaBrondi
warslu, Aoudala
Ayanikkai , Chi ttamanakka
Amanakku
Erandamu, Erassudawu
Caster Plant

General ueacriutions

A tall, hairy «varqr;:-en plant ■'.s-swir-.-’ ail ovrr
the country.
Luavas alternate, forced,
with 7
nt s-iors prop!want lobes, with eeo -ly cut
ts*o'rqlns. Largo FXnuers at the ba?m -and am ;11
flosjors at ths top of ths ste-r.. fruit a
thurny ca^aul® with thres changers, aach
diviced into two halves. Seed nblong, saod
coat hard, iulp fleshy.

Parts usa.d»

Seeds, In ues

Ia.-3 tel

dunrjant rind astringents

Common usasl

Const!,vation, nilas, flotulenc^l joint -:>ain
and swelling.
^AA -^Vy/A>>vfe
-P

’Prsparwticn - nd dose*

Ona tablf?spoonful o: ca.-.tor ail -. ith
ou.'
:?f u/srofi milk t b-.'ri ralifiwss c.;.'«sti nation,
FlutulanC'S :.nd piles.
3CJ -1 nt' thj dec •ctlup cf the root i-ark t^ice
or thrice a bay riJ,joint rmiruh .re
teaspaom~ul nF -.-.inger juice eon also he abdaTh® 1© 'vas ata warded .and a
ext-:
11 y
over affoctod joints for mllaf of uin and
swelling*

riicsta*

UH UMLHJ

Qotanieol name! Tinospar® aordifolia (.Uld«) fliers.
Synonyms

Tamil
Telugu
English

Guduchi, Amrita
Giloi
Gulancha
Amrltavalli
Amrita
Gulavol
Shindilakodi
T ippatiga
Tlnaspara plant

General description!

A. climbing herb generally found all ever .the

Sanskrit
Hindi
Bengali
K«nnada
flalayalaffi
Marathi

country.
Bark papery at first and corky 1 ter.

Leaves

ore green or greyish green, 5-10 cm diameter

and heart shaped. flowers slender, fruit size of
• a pea or small cherry, reddish in colour.

Parts used!

Stem

Bitter
Common uses!

Fevers, Jaundice, Pain and swelling of the

Joints,
Prep ration and doset

Ono teaspoonful of juics or XU ml of decoction
twice daily along ->ith honey, :'n& teaspoonful

Cuduchi juice alone or with eno tens-aoenful of
Adrek juice helws

a relieve?

ain in ;he J:?in e

.-:nd :.J:3O fevers, A decictian "acie using Guduchi
(fc parts), S>hunti (2 parts)

-nd Harltaki (4 p.rts

is useful in the treatment of fevers with
constipation and also in c«?;«s of jsunJica.

n.vVIOSA
Hotanicul fViinat Curcuma longn Linn

Synonyms

Sanskrit
Hindi

Haridra

Bengali

Heidi

Kannada

Arasina

Rolayalam
Tamil

Ranjail

1 elugu

Paaupu

English

Turmeric

General description;

Cultiv .ted all our ths country* A herb of
about 1 metre height with large cylindrical
roots which are yellow or ornnnis coloured*
The lesv s ero large tufts pointed at th??
top. Flowers in spikes.

Ports used;

Underground stem (rhizore)

Taste;

Astrigent, bitter

Common uses;

Intolerance to dust inhalation, running of
nose, respiratory diseases particularly in
cases of difficulty in breathing end cough
du® to allergy, itching sensation all
over the body, jaundice, wounds.

Preparation and dose;

1-3 gm if powder is used; 3Q-A0 ml if decoction
is used.
Haridra is mixed with warn milk ?>r»d given
in cases of throat troubles. Two or three
pinches of powder are put in a smOkalesa
firs for inhalation for relief of congestion
in tte throat .and nose*

Hal di

fianjall

The dacoctinn of H^ridre is useful in the
trm tment of jaundice.
This drug is considered to possess antiseptic
nropertiss. It is useful in the washing of
wounds and is ..Isu used as a dusting powder
afts?r washing th© wound*

Sctanical name: T&rmlnalia chebula (Gaertn,) Betz.
Syncnyma

Sanskrit
Hindi

Uangali

Haritaki, Abhaya, Keyashta, Vayoutha
H*d, Harir, Hared

Gujarati

Haritaki
Harade

Kannada

Anilekai

Haynlsm
Tamil
Telugu
English

Kuduka.

■Kadukkal, Kandakal
Ketiraki, K jrthkkay
C■?■• ebul ic «-y r b ■■ al a n

General description:

ft moderate sized trae teaching 9-12 cetera in
height. Found in gt;'-ter part of India, uxpecially
.torth'India, Bengal, Madhya Prodash, Tamilnedu,
Karnataka, ^aharuehtra,
You-py loaves are covered with soft, shining
generally rust coloured hairs. Leaves 7-2GX4-S co
not clustered, elliptic::! ar oblong, pointed
tip, rounded - t b 88, Flower stalk email, yaHou
or white coloured, with offensive smell, Fruits
3—5 cm long, 5»an;.lsd with h rd surface, rough
grooved, Unripe flu its -.re grojan and tocomo
yellowish grey when ripe, 6ne aeed in each fruit.

Parts used:

Gark, fruit (after c..'.Mving. the seed).

Tostei

Astingent,-hitter, pung nt.

Corazon uses:

Constipation, flatulence, ..'ilcs, oedema,
chronic cough, he sdeche,
' v

f»ropa ation and dose:

3—4 gm of poud- r ones or twice <’ d^y with uarm
w-ter F’-lievcs tj-nstip itiun .mt.’ in- roves the
uigostion, Heritaki, ‘"iraaloki ued tfihhitaki in
combination go by ths name Triphala, This is
used -In combination with honey und >h«e t
bad time and it is goari for the ayes. The
rind of th? fruit is chewed in cases of evugh
anu throat trouble. The decoction reads with
Karltaki powder is joed as an antiseptic g'.'rgla.
This is a good tonic in old age, Triphala
decoction is uaoful in jaundice.

" Botanical n..<we: Sclanuffl xanthocorpum

Schrari^ Wandl

Synonyms

Sanskrit

Kontakpri

Hindi

Kateli

Gujarati
Kannada

Kantakari
Kantakari

ft.T thi

Kantak-sri

Tamil

Kundangattari
Challaauiaga

Telugu
English

Yellow tarried nightshade

General dssc:rlpti-.jn!

A ,-<rictly, dense barb, 1-3 .-.stars in hefeht

which grows abundantly through ut the country
in waste places*

Leaves sro dark green and 10-12.SX5-7.H cm.
The frosh flowers ::r« bluish violet in colour
and are also usually prickly. Ths fad to ro
barrios.

The unripe fruits are whitish with

green spots.

When ripo they turn yellow.

Geeda ars G.2 cts in dialer-.
P;:-rts used:

Whois plant

Teats!

Pungsrnt, bitter.

Common uses!

Respiratory diseases, o»g», cough ond c; Id,
influenza and other fsvsrs.

Preparation

n-J dose:

3-S g*c of powder twice, duily along with honey.

VsHUNfl
- Botanical names Allium sativum

Synonyms
onskrit
Hindi

Bengali
Kannada ■
PUl :yalam
■ 7 amll■
Telugu

Linn

Lashuna, Rasnna
Lahusun, Laaun
Lesum
■ ’iellulli
Vllathuli
. Volatbfcll
■ Vcliuthi

English

Garlic

General description!

Cultivated all over the c-untxy. It is a h^iry
hert with a pungent odour*

The bare of ths

stem' Ferms' a -bulb consisting of several segments
(bulbils). Leaves are narrow and flat bearing

'small white flowers arranged in umbrella-like
hunches.*
Parte used! '

5uld or segments (bulbils)

Taste!.

Pufinsnt.

Cotemsn uses!

Loss ef appetite, flatulence, ini''ig:stir-n, cough
piles, skin dise;;si;9, chronic favor, ol.:.?3ity,
■ p--.iln. iw>: 'swelling of joints, poor eyesight.

Preparation ■ and rfosa:

T‘.:o .to
fjoilyd with

so.',:., nts of i:ho rultJ 4-ru tc be
-uid token, tuics tidily*.

This

caps be use--daily item of the
t so that
iXxy mony -Ji and other tmunles *;:y be
nvoldad.

MAHA MW8U
wotfinical noma: Citrus medics Linn* v&x medico proper

Synonyms
Sanskrit

Saha nimbu

Hindi

®ada niffli.u, filjmra, Tur an j

Ben-, all

Fi-asta nimbu, Begpura
Turanj, Hijaru

Gujarati
Kannada

Raloyalam

Madala, fiahaphala, Lusaka
Gilam, Husakar

Marathi
Tamil

^ahalungn, Havalung
Kadaranarathai

Telugu

Lungamu
Citron

Sngllsh

General description:

ft shrub or small trse about 3 meters high uith
short* thick, thorny brshches, Cultivated

throughout the country especially in orchards
in Uttar Pradesh, ftaharaahtra and Karnataka.

Leaves large and oval uith slightly toothed
margins*

flowers small, white s>nd fragrant*

fruit large, about 6*10 cm, uith a thick
rough rind.

The ripa fruit are yellrsu.

Purts used:

Whois fruit including rind.

Taste:

Sour

Common uses:

Indigestion, loss of appetite, nausea,
vomitting, loose woticns.

Preparation und dose:

15*25 ml of juice of th® uh.:ic fruit in a

glass of cold or war® weter is useful in
all the abovs conditions., A slice of the
whole fruit (oulp ■s-.'-d rind) uith pappur
.nri salt is also useful in thsse cuntiltions.

Botanical name: Pip«;r nigrum

Linn

Synonyms
Sanskrit

Hindi

?5»richa
Kali ■rireh, Sol nirch

Gujarati

Kall mireh

Kannada

K-ilumanaau
Krix-fil sgu

!talIan
flat thi

Tamil

KoiInd fl
K«ri®®lagu

Twiuau
English

^iriyalu
61-'-ck pepper

Ge"<acal cli-crip-tian::

A strong, «.;oody climber with stnut brunches. Cu

ltivated in hot, tiamp parts of aoplhern Intis.
Leaves ore variable in l®n>:th md fcrsadth.

usually 1GX1.2 c?n»

fruits :<r« berries 3.fl .mm

in diu-;:»tbrt Krrac'ieea in snikes.

Parts used:

fruit

Taste:

Puncjent ■

Common uses:

a drug of choice in conunon respiratory c-.:nditions such a.-, cold, c u-ph, soc« the-" -t, ho rse

voice, influenra.

Preparation and dos??l

2.S gm nowder twice daily uith honay or

-;r«

milk.
pinch of 98n->ar «nd turmeric in u?;rsa
tailk is soothing and clears tha throat nf
ccng ■•stion.

r

i;, t/.

:otanic;:/l namaz Cyosrus tot-jntius

jS

Linn

■'■''■

J'-

bynbnym®

Sanskrit

Wusts
’utha» ■ ■□Uv:-.
Watha,.

H i net

ii> n.jall
Kr-nnaua
?U.l .yalaa

' ah-iUra Wustl

■'•>'

'"lists
Wo th a

War thi

Must-:-: Ruch
, -uatha

T&ttiX
T&Iu-ju
'- ng1 eh

Kut ,:>r;.>33

- ugiwr■-.! .^ascriptions

■■<"

« profusely h»iry w-aed found ;:1.1 ov t
country thr^ughnut ti-a 7:-‘-sr.

Lcauu"■ nasriy. -s Ion- .-? t-c- stfe®, saist;

!ongtrt

1
I

c?n broad,

■'

lodars arranged

in uMbrella-lika clusters. £ach flout.r in ths
cXustsr Mvua >urns 2.5-10 ere jc .iisraatnr•

Unrifflrorrwnc

(rhixo’-;©) oft~:n hsro -<-d uoduy

P?rt« used:

f?oat ■ -’>d urc'ergrc'unc; stew (Mfilza’is)

Tastes

Bitter :?-nd :,.otringant

Cowon usssi

Loose nations uith or without mucus particularly

in children* dysentry* foyers.

Propar-stion unsj does:

'ey fc?a'?,ioonfu.L of -owder along with nuttcrnilk
or. h nay tuics * -ily hplps ro relieve ®oct of

the above coniJitions.
ysc;.ctinn of fiuata is beneficial in cases of
-iarrhooa :-r<d fevers, ex. ecis lly in children.
\

. I

I

sswrt'

■' lb

*

(*y)

-1

2-

90

b^L ti

.^.

, -^y4Cv-^

i

VILLAGE

Miguel was wcrri.'?< this time. His two year old
son, Juanito, had never been thit sick before-1 he
had a cou h that would not quit, he felt hot an.'! had
a dull, faraway look so different from his usual
happy laugh. For a week, his wife, Maria, had tried
ever* t ing in the house she could think of, yet
nothing worked. Her neighbors cautioned against
"hot" foods, but Juanito was not hungry anyway and
hardly ate or drank.

' OWE ft

Maria took the boy across the valley to see Hamon
who kep a small shop- in is farmhouse. '.®cn had been
selected the year bofore by* th? village for training
at the health center. From his training, he know that
prolonged fever and eoug could be pneumonia. His
stock of medicines no longer included packets of
penicillin tablets* there had been a lot of chest colds
around and now only one packet wa< left. He broke it
open and took out three tablets, embarrassed that he
could not gi-.e the packet and explainin’; tha. at last
month*s resupply meeting no stock was availal le. Ramon
was angry too, behind his words of instruction, thinking
of what he’d say to the Health Center Supervisor the
next time. Why bother to go to the meetings at all if
there -.-ere no drugs? He war ashamed to be trying to

satisfy the village’s needs with advice alone — it
wouldnot do, that’s all.

A good diagnosis, but inadequate
treatment due to drug supply
shortage

Disappointment anc skepticism
from the patient

Qi- y d d .

THE X ILL- GE K'ALr

A serious problem, not
responding to home
remedies

•

T

A loss of credibility for the
health worker

2

3

begun work. His own credibility was at stake; their
enthusiasm for continuing education was dissolving into
discontent and declining attendance, fragmenting the
program which had been so enthusiastically received by
the villages the year before. He knew he would have to
get the Regional Health Office to respond soon, or all
momentum would be lost in yet another example of
government failure.

Declining participation
in village health
program

THE REGIONAL OFFICE
Jose was perplexed. As Regional Health Officer, the
hospital was his constant concern (as the central
health facility on which two million people depended),
yet he had the rural health centers, too. Now both
were complaining about drugs. He knew, as did everyone
else, that drugs, theoretically ■ree, were sold by
scene staff members to supplement salaries and income
from unofficial private practice. There was never
enough to go around, and he could no longer reallocate
health center supplies to the hospital - too much demand
in the rural areas now. On top of that he was beginning
to wonder about his administrator, whose latest story
of shipments lost or arriving undercounted only compli
cated the problem. If he only knew what was used last
year in each center, he’d be able to juggle demands a
bit better, at least until the decision on his own
transfer was made, and he was out of the mess.

Inadequate salaries contributing
to illegal activities

Competing demands for inadequate
supplies

Incomplete record keeping hinders
planning

4

4

At the hospital/ the pharmacist reached high on
the shelf for the last tin of penicillin tablets that
was left. The top clattered to the floor as she looked
first at the label, not quite outd ted, and breathed a
sigh of relief - until she looked inside at the
crystallised mass of tablets, decomposed after the top
had been loosened in transit. She had nothing to give
the man v.-ith the prescription and the woman with the
swaddled child gasping in her arms. They turned away.
wondering what to do next.
Carlos, the hospital administrator, took pride in
his efforts to juggle the region’s inadequate health
resources. His years of service balanced a lack of training
and made him a respected official. He could not, however,
figure out how to handle the drug mess, which got worse
every year as demand outstripped supply and more health
facilities were opened. A few facilities had overstocks
while others were always out. It all seemed so unpredictable
Rumors of corruption bothered him most of all, a man <NB*
whose pride in his work at a difficult job had always been
so important. Now, with health workers beginning to provide
some simple health services in almost every village, the
resupply and financial problems ’were overwhelming. Carlos
understood how tempting valuable drugs were to many staff
trying to get by on the small government salary - but for
people to insinuate that he was involved was the most

unpleasant thing he had to live with. Now if only he could

Poor packing

Untrained administrative staff

Supply of new health workers
rapidly outgrowing the supply
of drugs

5

5
got the r quisitions and the records together* he could
be able to justify his position to Central Nodical Stores
and get them to release the emergency request he had
placed two weeks earlier.

Inadequate management information
for stock control and financial
plan- ing

CENTRAL MEDICAL ETChi.S

As Juanito’s parents managed to get the seemingly
lifeless child admitted to the paediatric ward of the
hospital* Enrique, the Chief of Central Medical Stores*
searched into the evening to find the intravenous
penicillin r quired. His anger at the disorganisation of
the warehouse exhausted him mors than the search.
Enrique was responsible* he knew* but how canid he it
all? The stock reports were disorganized and he never
had found time to train the clerks. The late arrival of
shipments cleared from customs after sitting on the
wharf in the rain had compounded the mess* with crates
and cardboard a soggy stew all over the floor. And the
stock count suggested more losses on the docks or in
transit than just to rats and rain.

At * last he found the penicillin and sent it off
with the pharmacy aide and frightened farmer. He was
too tired to think about the endless emergency requests
from the regions which always seemed to pile in, especially
when vehicles were down* awaiting parts. Even worse*

Warehouse disorganized

Untrained staff

Mis-estimated load times,
pilferage* spoilage* port
clearing problems

Transportation confusion
and vehicle breakdown

6

tomorrow the would have to try to get approval
for an air freight purchase of penicillin tablets
since the lowest bidder had defaulted on the
shipment. It would cost a fortune on such short notice....

On a truck heading back to.ards the village,
Miguel was a mixture of emotions. He was relieved
that the doctors had taken Juanito into the big
hospital and that Maria could stay at his side. But
he was frightened by the plastic tubes he had had to
buy at the pharmacy, which were now connected, to
Juanito’s arm. And he was fearful for the future.
Life would be very hard again, now that he would
have to sell seme of his animals to pay for medicines.
But he thanked Go that Juanito still had a chance.

Expensive emergency purchase;
supplier default

Continuing hareship
and uncertainty

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