COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES MADHYA PRADESH

Item

Title
COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES MADHYA PRADESH
extracted text
RF_IH_8_SUDHA

- 2.
a-

EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES

by
Dr. Edwin Arthur,
Community Health and Development Department,
Padhar Hospital, P.O. Padhar, Distt.Betul, M.P.

Padhar Hospital of Distt.

Betul, M.P. has now

developed a well organized Community Health and Development
Project, covering important services such as:
Community Health

Agriculture
Ho rt i culture
Fisheries
Live-stock

Bee-keeping
as health is clearly linked with overall development.

All

the above services are being carried out among the neglected
sections of tribal population. Per capita income is Rs. 780/-

per annum, literacy rate is only 7.3 percent.
Community Health Project

was initiated in 1976*

It was taken up in 30 villages within lO.k.m. of the

Padhar Hospital.

Its objectives included, for example,

reduction of IMR by 50 percent and reduction of morbidity
rates> especially malnutrition.
Drinking water was also made available by

drilling over 1000 tube-wells or hand pumps, as this is
a water scarcity area.

,

::



A

ilE
SE

Nutrition was given special attention.- Nutrition

education, growing of protective foods, kitchen gardening,
life-stock programmes, etc. were attempted.

Evaluation
Apart from evaluation team meetings and re-surveys,

independent evaluation was carried out "by the staff of

Research and Evaluation Section of Christian Medical
Association of India, Bangalore, in December, 1979

In. a period of only two years,

3

Crude birth rate reduced from
55 to 25
I MR reduced from ...
... 1J5 to 108
III
Degree
Malnutrition
xj.1 x»e&
x t!c riaxuuun
non reduced
reaucea 21
,.
o
from percent^ percent

Vit.A Deficiency reduced from

5.7
1.5
percent6 percent

Apart from substantial progress in the health
indices, Community development is also being attempted

through agricultural extension, animal husbandry,
kitchen gardening etc.

For success, the team also

need to have dedication determination and toleration.
^'Ltt

^?r

5 o'].

<2.. /?/'/■

.

RjAjz

P-P —

elf

M.P-2

No. 901



'

,

...

Health
M.P.

Padhar Hospital Community Health Project
JSadhar P.O., Batul District
1.

Started in 1975

2.

Coverages R. 10 km. circle around Padhar, 82 villages
and a population of about 36,000 are the target group.

Activities.

a.

Home visits including relevant health education;

b.

treatment of minor illnesses with sale of medi­
cines;
vitamin A doses given to deficient cases on the
spot;

c.

4.

d.

MCH services in hospital OPD, plus immunization
and health education in OPD and wards;

e.

school health services with medical, dental and
eye check-ups;

f.

Proposed soil testing facilities and good seeds
at cheap rates.

Personnel & Training.

a.

Hospital Employees including a senior nurse
a lab. technician-cum-driver, health educa­
tors and an ANM. Other staff join periodically.

b.

Village Health Workers and traditional attendants/
dais are being trained.

Propose to check work of

5.

Supervision and Records.
VHW ordanance weekly.

6.

Community & Other Participation. Hope that VHWs will
be paid by own villages (50 p. per household p.m.)
through perhaps the Pan.hayat. Dais will be paid as
traditionally by the family she serves.

7.

Sponsorship & Funds. The Evangelical Lutheran Church
of M.P. is the sponsor. Funds for 3 years are pro­
vided by a German mission especially interested in
prevention of blindness.

8.

Evaluation. Daily and weekly team meetings and base­
line survey followed by a resurvey ^focussing on

g
ju “
<->
X

,O ..c - 4>«>u <JQ7

3.

2

No. 901

cases of '.malnutrition,vitfiAideficiencyoa'nd..scabies
rates after one year.
9.

Problems.
a. The team are not tribals with one exception and do
not speak Gondi, the tribal dialect (though lessons
are being given);
b. Morale_6f team working on low pay and difficult
conditions;

d.

suspicion of the Gonds who have been exploited
for generations;
negative attitude to family planning

e.

resistance to change;

f.

taboos affecting health and nutrition.

c.

10.

Outlook. The present project is a pilot one.
work for expanding are already being made.

11.

Contact. Dr V.A. Moss, Padhar Project.

12.

Reference;
1976.

Ground­

Paper presented at the National Symposium,

i-’
THE ROLE OF CATTLE riREEDUSG AS fl DEVELOff«4T TOOL B) RURAL AREAS

A brief analysis of the nature of the exiotinig technology.

In the transfer of technologies to rural areas, it hag been out coramon

experience that when a technology demands a high level of capital invest­
ment and a wide contact with bureaucracy, inrffJstry and urban centres as

preconditions for Its adoption, the benefits are usually siphoned off amongst
the already economically and socially powerful rural elite.

An argument often put Forward in defence of such transfers is that a per­
colation effect takes place which benefits the weaker sections.

Ths frosh

inflow of investment helps in building uo an agre-baaed industrial infra­

structure which increases the employment potential.

However, the rats of

increase in the income of the rich and the poor io so disparate that the

economic gap between the two is further widened.

The poor become increasingly

dependent upon the rich and loss inseterc of their own destinies.

3ur attempts at taking technology directly to the under-privileged groups

have encountered tremendous obstacles.

The rural elita, intent on retaining

their stranglehold on a semi—feudal economy, fight tooth and nail against any
drastic changes in the economic and social hierarchy of their society.
bureaucracy remains indifferent.

The

Lack of finance inhibits investment and

limits access to more remunerative markets,

Industry often remains s ceptical

about ths ability of such groups to successfully adopt a technology which
demands proper management.

1st us examine this process although briefly and superficially at this stags,
with reference to the technology of cattle breeding.

A cross-bred cow can,

Prepared by ths Kishore Bharatl Group, P.O. Halhanwada, via Oankhodi, Diet.
Hoshangabad , Madhya Pradesh 461 9'10
A modified version of this note was published in SCIENCE TUQAY,August 1977,
page 9, unoer the title "Goes cattle-breeding help the rural peer?"

2 »-

in many ways, be Regarded as a machine.

It coverts fodder into more

highly valued milk with an efficiency that earns a profit for its owner.
if sillfully managed it can become a rsguler income source and capital

accumulator for its owner.

Seen in this light, a cross-bred cow in a

Village can be visualised as a cottage industry.
Ths collsctivc axperiance of using this cottage industry as s development

tool in rural areas has shown that the cattle breeding tactinology too is

elitist,

for example, with regard to capital investment, present rends in

institutional financing nut tho oroso-brad cow beyond the roach of th©
following categories s the small and marginal farmer, the landless agri­

cultural labourer, the village artisan the petty shop-keeper and the

tribals and adiVasia dependant on forest nroduca for a livelihood.

St

would be instructive to reflect that those categories constitute over seventy
percent of tho rural population.

The sophisticated nature of thia tsctmology is further illustrated by the

technological tie-isps it demands.

Artificial insemination with frozen semen

requires foreign collaborations for the supply of progeny-tested soman and

liquid nitrogen containers for storing the semen.

The intensive veterinary

earn demanded by a cross-bred cow brings in the pharmaceutical industry

for the supply of veterinary formulations and preventive vaccines.

On

another level, when the market for milk is saturated, there is increasing
pressure to convert milk into milk products like butter-milk powder, cheese

ate.

Industry provides the conversion technology.

increasingly dependant on Industrial

Rural areas thus become

expertise, technology and finance.

This dependance soon siphons off a significant portion cf profits for the

maintenance of high-salaried dairy technologists and managers.

Large

marketing networks and intensive advertising campaigns to sustain and widen
markets eat further into these profits.

The owncreaeHa progressively earns

less for his efforts.
Given the more reminerative prices and greater demand for milk and milk

fxjducts in urban areas, ths phenomenon of rural areas dependant upon and
prot^'ting for, urban areas anon becomes an unavoidable reality. In trying

3

:■

to reach these markets fresh relationships have to be created with the

bureaucracy of transport licensing and taxation officials and veterinarians.
Policy makers ignore another important aspect of cattle breeding.

The

largo green fodder requirement of a cross-brod cow makes it nocessary to
convert the much valued land under cereal production to the cultivation of
fodder and ingredients of concentrates.

scarce fertilisers too are diverted.

Expensive irrigation facilities and

In the process there is a loss by a

factor of about five in the total energy output par aero of land.

The

argument that milk contains essential oroteina for bridging ths protein gap
in India is not valid.

What we lad; is sufficient calorics, not protein.

Hilk has no special advantages over a combination of cereal and dal with
regard to calory and protein content.
The large farmer and trader will, however, strongly lobby for the adoption
of this technology.

It io mors remunerative and, therefore, in their interest

With their greater buying power they soon increase ths demand for unnecessary
consumer goods and thus perpetuate a pattern of industrial growth that is

irrelevant and damaging for the weaker sections.

Are there alternative technologies available which can bring about an
scchcmic and social equalising effect in rural areas?

Is there a possibility

of making cross-breeding more appropriate and less dependant upon high

finance and industrial and urban collaboration?

Can one design and carry out

experiments to test possibilities like 8

1) converting marginal land into rain-fed pastures

ii)

using liquid semon stored in coconut water or other

cheap media in place of more expensive frozen semen
iil) evolving low-cibet refrigeration techniques for milk

storage to replace expensive chilling unite
iv) Improving and rationalising local veterinary medicines.

.« 4 s.

Thu notional policy on cattle breeding han till nou favourtsd the elite®

Hou can this policy be modified to make rural development noro tha developBrant of the poor and less that of the rich1?

intertsst in eroes-bred co;® ?

Why is there a disproportionate

-hy not buffaloes or goats ?

The com, no

doubt, is a raare efficient machine and can he Improved genetically through
But Bu faloes are corohardy and easier to maintain.

Their

with it3 higher fas content, is mre acceptable in the market.

Goats

cross breeding.

milk,

are cheaper in tex^a of capital Investment and maintenance,

flare important,

they can live off poor quality grass and scrubland and, tlierefore, do
raise problem of converting cereal lands to fodder.

increases the employment poimtial of the young in villages.

other valuable oroducns like mutton, mohair etc.

not

Thieqj maintenance

They give

These and many more

questions nead anowerti aw!, acre important, concrete alternative courses of
action*

ft ffiaPOSftt
Uhile ths preliminary note has briefly touched upon the problems encountered

In taking cattle breeding to the weaker section, it is the intengicn of this

study to examine noro closely the reasons why Govcrn^ont and private sponsored
programmes have largely faaneifitad only ths big land amors and traders in

rural areas.

To do oo it io nscasssry to analyse the economic, social and

political impact of these programmes and the role of Govomment, industry,
multinationals and aid agencies in their implementation.

It is also the purpose of thia etudy to take a critical look at experiment^
action programmes which take cattle breeding directly to ths exploited sections

of rural society.

Tho problorns oncouitorcd by these under-privileged group®

adopting thia technology are numerous, they relate largely to finance, feed
and fodder availability, accuse to racket a, the attitude of bureaucracy,
industry and rural elite grotpo, and cooperative effort within community axj

intar-comrunity groups.

-3 5 3-

Given the sophisticated nature of technology involved in cattle breeding,

it is imperative to look for methods for making it more appropriate for the

rural poor.

Thia study will, therefore, focus on specific areas like

development of pasture lands, ths improvement of indigenous veterinary
medicines, the possible use of liquid semen in place of frosen semen, the

possibility of substituting or complomentIng cross-brad cows with buffaloes

goats or sheen and develops sit o f cheaper milk storage and processing

equipment.

July 26, 1977

43
BHARATI

Kishore Bfaarati, Village Palia Piparia, P.O. Malhanwada,
Via: Barikhedi,. District Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh 461990,

Grans ZISH0BEB3APATI, was established in 1972 ana registered as
a Society two years earlier (1970).
Historical Background s

A group of‘individuals with diverse professional background,
including field level experience ir/ural education end development,

gathered together in 1970 to evaluate the strategies for rural
development adopted until then audio explore alternatives.

The

□embers of this Working Group undertook several field trips to

study the -work done by Gandhian and non-C-andhian agencies in rural
areas.

These studies were followed by detailed analysis of social-

economic implementation of such work.

/efforts
started
for

As the ideas crystallised and

general direction of exp erim entat icn became clear,/financial resources]

procuring land and searching for full-time workers atd volunteers.
An important principle was followed, from the outset:

all

resources, financial as well as human,, will be raise c/'rcm within
India.

No help of any foreign agencies or donors will ever be

sought or accepted.

This decision is based on the understanding that

a meaningful solution can only emerge from within the depths of
India's own culture, struggles and genius.

The MadSya Pradesh Government gave 150 acres of lend to

Eishoie 3tn r ati to organise

district.

its activities in May 1972 in Hoshangabad

At about the same time, the Department of Education, Govt.

of Madhya•Pradesh, allowed Zishore Bharati and friends Rural Centre
to start a Science Teaching programme in 16 middle schools of

Hoshangabad district with the objective of introducing 'discovery
approach1 to the learning of science.

44
Objectives i

The purpose of fee Association as incoroporated in its
Memorandum, of Association is to experiment in rural education and

to start, promote and assist educational institutions with a view'

to cultivate free thinking, ani^n innovative aid enterprising spirit

among the children

of Indian villages.

The objectives have been

further defined as an experiment in rural education and development

by creating an economic infrastructure, ard radically overhauling
the present education system to suit village conditions.

In this

manner, it is hoped that tte fruitless c ity-bound migration of

village youth in search of scarce menial jobs would be reversed.

"Thatever is done at Kishore Bharati is guided by the principle

that th? relationships it builds up with the surrounding population

be totally free of any touch of charity, patronage op-dependence, Its
performance must encourage local initiative and. promote grass-roots
organisation.

The clearest indication of success will be the speed

with which the villagers assume responsibility for their own develop­
ment and thus, render the services of institution superfluous in

course <£ time.
Programmes :

It is not always possible to quantify the effects of educational
and developmental programmes, especially if thqy relate to changes in

social attitudes, building up of a raticnnl leadership and questioning

of traditional structures.

She focus of Kishore Bharati1 s work lias

been on programmes which resulted in such unquantifiable effects.

However, a summary is presented below of whatever can be quantified.

The following data can be urderstood meaningfully only if analysed in
the total socio-economic perspective of a strategy for development.

- 45

i)

Irriipation Programme (Ring wells)
a)

Total number of newly operational well s

305

— Old vzell s deepened
— New wells sunk

198
107

b)

Number of farmers benefitted

209

c)

Number of villages benefitted

91

— Hoshangabad District
— Narsinghpur District

63
28

d)

Increase in irrigated area

e)

Estimated benefit to the region:

— Minimum increase in value
of produce

Rs.

12,50,000/- year

— Potential increase in
value produce

r><.

27,00,000/- year

— Minimum inc rease in fam
profi ts

Rs.

2,50,000/- year

— Potential increse in farm
profits

Rs.

12,50,000/- year

— Minimm gain for farm labour

Rs.

— Potential gain for farm
labour.
ii)

iii)

2,456 acres

3,00,000/- year
4,70,000/— year

Cattle Development Programme (breqdiry. with half bred bull)

a)

Number of local cows bred

109

b)

Number of farmers bene-fitted

73

c)

Number of villages benefitted

25

Agricultural Extension and. Research
Approximately 75 farmer families have directly benefitted

from advice aid training on improved agficultural practices as well

as from distribution of high yielding varieties*
A number of experiments are

being conducted to evolve more

economic ways of fam production, ccnpositing and irrigation.
project is being taken up to design and test the concept of a

A

46

village sylvi—pasture for collective management by tbs entire

community.
iv)

Cottage Industries 8

Several surveys have been conducted to explore the potential
of developing cottage industries in rural
reference tcSanktedi Block.

areas with particular

Projects on tte manufacture of chokes

foylube lights and carpentry were executed to study the problems
involved in training, procu-rement of raw materials and ra rketing.

Individuals an? groups have been
inputs of training and

promoted with the help of

fresh

tenk credit in cottage industries such as

tailoring, leather work aid dairying.

Studies are continuing on

the feasibility <£' using cottage industries as a tool for the
economic development <f weaker sections of society in rural areas

through such field-level experiences ate surveys.
v)

Science Teaching Programme;
The objective of the programme is to explore the extent to

which it is possible to introduce qualitative charges in formal

education system within the cors traints. of Government administered

schools.

The programme has evolved ate introduced an

environment-

oriented 'discovery approach1 to the learning of science in village

schools.

vi)

a)

1 dumber of middle schools under trial

b)

Number of Blocks affected

2

c)

Number <f Govt, teachers trained

40

d)

Humber of children who have completed.
the programs

1,050

e)

Number te children current in schools

1,500

16

Hon-formal Education t

A .group of 8 boys have undergone a 2-year fam-based experi­

mental education programme whose objective was to explore the role of
education in building up youth leadership.

47
Literacy classes hate been conducted for essentially Imdless
labour groups, both children and adults, to develop methods©? learning

in such special cultural and economic situations.

A group of 8 small and marginal farmers have core together to
improve their economic status through cross-breed cattle. Tie group is
undergoing a planned experimentation in group dynamics as a means for
social development.

vii)

Health Education and research'.
Studies have been conducted on the status of health services

provided, by the Government in rural areas and. of the traditional

services available in the villages.

Through close interaction with

the health attitudes of rural communities, a concept of relevant

pattern of medical infrastructure for rural areas is being evolved
for testing.
Special audio-visual exhibitions have been designed ad held to

comnunic pte with, seni-literate aid illiterate adults and school child­
ren on tie relationship existin'; betvzben health status of people and

conditions of extreme poverty and exploitation.
Work camps and discussion groups have boon conducted far

medicos to probe the relevance of medical education and modern health
services in the context of nutritional deprivation, unemployment and

lack of resources in rural communities.

viii)

Cooperatives i
Attempts hove been made to study the possibilities of developing

village cooperatives around activities such as health, cottage indus­

tries, rural credit, irrigation and electric power.

In all of these

attempts,the rolo cd inherent constraints to cooperative movement was

investigated.

Significant conclusions have emerged concerning cons­

traints such as mutual distract, caste barrier, economic disparities
histosy of corruption in previous attempts and the negative role of

political control

by the village elite.

..............

48

Workers :

Pa 13 workers : about 10
Voluntary worterst

£ large number of people help organisation

in a variety of ways by providing infrastructural support as well as by

periodically participating in different programmes at field levels


A group in Bombay helps in fund raising,, purchasing and market­

ing, income tax and legal affairs, public

relations and

developing contacts with Government and industrial groups.



• A group of faculty members and research students at Delhi
University is responsible for the academic development of
th; Science Teaching Programs,

This group has the support

of the University Grants Commission to work in the Hoshangabad

District fee? conducting teacher-training and school follow-up.
—-

A group from different Post Graduate Colleges of Madhya Pradesh
is responsible fa? the biology and environmental portion of the

Science Teaching Programme.



A number of individuals frem the All India Science Teachers
Association (Physics Study Group), TIP2, Ill’s (Kanpur and

Powai), University of Kajastbun have helped in significant
way in Science Teaching programme, farming surveys etc.



Several people from moshangabad district actively help in
explaining the organisation’s objectives an3 programmes to

local people.


A largo number <f young people from urban backgrounds spend

periods ranging from a few days to several weeks at Kishore
Bharati participating in different activities and learning
about t'je problems of rural;work.

Workers on Deputation »
Professional individuals atxl otters from Government institutions

interested in Kishore Bharati’s activities have been allowed short-term

49
and long-tern deputations to wo:& with us.A Plant Physiologist-curs-

Agronomist iron Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapith (Baburi, Distt. Ahmed-

nagar, Maharashtra) has cone to Kishore Bln rati on a 3-year deputation
to bad cur programme on farm research, production and training. An

Assistant Professor of Biology from n Madhya Pradesh Post Graduate

College has been allowed deputation for 3 years under a University
Grants Commissicn achene to work in the Science Teaching Programme.

A young veterinarian was sent by National Dairy Research Institute,
Kamal to help in a short-term animal husbandry project.

Several

faculty members of Delhi University have spent 'whole semesters in

Hoshsngabad district conducting teacher—training and doing school

follow-up with University Grants Commission support.

These examples

illustrate and establish Government's willingness to participate in

rural level activities of voluntary agencies.

Looking Ahead i
Kishore Bharaii’s work during^he last 5 years has been
subjected to in-depth analysis which has revealed critical problems

concerning the tnture of educational change and development.
comparison of its own experiences with those

A

Government and

other voluntary agencies reveals tint most cf the educational and
developmental activities benefit, end thereby strengthen, mainly the

middle-level end richer fanners, and thus help widen tin poverty gap.

In order to be relevant to th landless labour, rural artisan atd
marginal farmer groups, the programme will have to focus their

attention on increasing tte

consciousness of these weaker sections

towards the constraints which withold

their development.

-50
APP1GAH3. PA7.U.?K’AN M2.CUIAL TBUST

This institution located at Mahatma Gandhi Seva Mandir,
252, S.7. Road, Bandra (West), Bombay 400 050 (TF: 533262) was

founded in 1971 in rnemeiy of Appasaheb Patwardhan by Sri Annasaheb
Sahasmbuddhe, a prominent leader of the Sarvodaya movement.

It

was registered as a Society and Trust in 1974.
Objectives ;

The objectives as given in its Constitution are tos
1.

Arrange for study and research in the teachings and
practice of the late Appasaheb Patwardhan, a great

exponent of Gandhi ji’s concept of a demonetised.
social order;

2.

Undertake all-round village development programme;

3.

Train illiterate and literate farm youth;

4.

Start agro-industrial training centres;

5.

Conduct'correspondence courses on modern rural

6.

Arrange for publication

development techniques;
of ideas and teaching of the

late Appasaheb Patwardhan in suitable foims;
7.

Undertake agriculture extension programme;

8.

. Adopt villages as experiment in social change;

9.

Strive for social reconstruction; and

10.

Cany on other activities to achieve the above

objectives.

Programmes ?

Agriculture in 12 villages covering about 200 families,
village industries in 5 villages covering about 20 families,

~5i
education and training in 20 villages covering aboit 300 families

and other programmes like livestock development, community health

and family welfare and popularisation of appropriate technology.
Workers :

The institution has 4 full-time paid workers besides
6 voluntary workers.

Development
Planning
and.
Technology

shahdol
some alternatives for the Indian case
1977

***»**-Sr**-M-****-i!-iHt-******4f-*********«***-i'r*****»4t-«"iMH(-»Ht- #«■**«#♦*

(In this paper the process of development has been
subjected to a critical analysis in terms of the
inception of concepts of development, planning and
technology over periods of time. An attempt has been
made to indicate how contemporary concepts control
economic, social, and political trends today and how
they are insufficient to solve present problems of
underdevelopment. Some suggestions have been offered
as examples of such solutions taking a specific area
in India as the reference base. A hypothesis is
advanced that while the concept of development in a
particular social system determines the nature of
planning and the technology used, nevertheless, it
is possible for technology, when systematically used,
to challenge and change the concept itself.)

DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING
TECHNOLOGY
January
1977
shahdol
****************it***^*****tt*******#^***^«-************^*****

Shahdol is the name of a district (an administrative
unit) in a province of Central India. It has an area
of 14,000 sq. km, and an approximate population of
1,100,00 - roughly the size of Northern Ireland. In
Madhya Pradesh, the province in which Shahdol lies,
there are 45 such districts and 36 of these are held
to be "economically backward". Shahdol is declared as
"better developed", The key index chosen for deter­
mining the extent of development by the Government is
the per-capita investment. Within the district there
are thirteen coal mines, thirteen bauxite mines, a
large paper mill, a caustic soda factory, a thermal
power station, a busy railway line, and a thriving
transport business. The total investment is roughly
of the order of Rs, 1,000 million, giving a per-capita
investment a little under Rs. 1.000 - this figure
falling above the official line of "developed". The
district has been chosen as the reference base as it
clearly demonstrates the classic case of unbalanced
underdevelopment.

2

Development
Change is a part of nature. Some events occur with
starting rapidity such as the leap of electrical charges
across two electrodes, and <we occur with the passing of
large time periods - time as we are conscious of it - such
as the evolution of man from the apes. With the change
in nature, living organisms have to adapt and, therefore,
change in order to survive within nature. In human society
too, as the forces of technology, production, and procre­
ation change over time society takes on new shapes - some­
times with quantitative transformations and occasionally
with qualitative leaps.
Where man can anticipate the change in nature - as in
the case of a flood - he can also prepare to meet the
change, He is, therefore, looking ahead into the future with
his !,conscious!’-ness and preparing the necessary require­
ments - such as a dam to control the change for his own
benefit. This act of preparation involves the theoretical
conceptualisation of the change and its alternative, as well
as the practical activity required to actually control the
change process. We define this process of controlled chang e
as development, the conceptual preparation as planning,
and“the techniques used to control as technology. All three
are functions of man’s ability to gather, analyse, and
utilise information.

Concepts of development are wedded to> how men perceive
change and what is beneficial to them. There is, therefore,
both a recognition of nature’s influence as well as the
conception of conscious intervention to modify and regulate
the influence. These concepts have themselves changed
over time as man has become more aware of his environment
and his ability to control it. Thus, in nineteenth -century
India, development was perceived essentially as an act of
God who made the rain fall and the sun shine. All that man
could do would be to till the land, scatter the seed,protect
his possessions, and hope for the best. As human knowledge
increased, however, twentieth-century India has begun to
increasingly understand the dynamics of nature and the
means to control it. Development is now no longer merely
a matter of hope but a conscious intervention to increase
wealth.
The present concept can be variously described as
"increase in GNP"; "to make people self-reliant"; "to
eradicate poverty"; "give each individual the opportunity
to live a complete life". It adds up to an image of man
controlling nature to produce abundantly for general
distribution and happiness, within the framework of each
individual working to fulfill his own needs. And "development
for India connotes the example of a "developed" nation in the
West using modern technology and planning to produce in
super-abundance.

Is such a concept sufficient as well as necessary?

3
World development today has produced development in one
of its parts while producing underdevelopment in the other.
To understand that this is inevitable one must look at the
nature of development in an advanced nation-state and compare
it with the process in a backward one:-

6
The USA uses over M x 10 kcal, of energy per .capita
in order to give a per capita Gross National Product of over
& 2800. India consumes under 2 X 10° kcal, per capita to
give a per capita GNP under & 100. The USA uses only
8.16 x 10 kcal to provide food for an average US resident,
of which, further, a mere 18$ was used on the farm. If all
the world had the same per capita dnergy bill for the entire
food chain, a quantity equal to two-thirds of the 1970 world
commercial energy use -would have been consumed for this
purpose. This kind of energy consumption is just not
possible for universal development.

There is, further, a dynamic relationship between,
food, energy, production^ and money. An underdeveloped
nation trying to increase agricultural production by using
Green Revolution techniques is dependent upon fertiliser
purchases - amongst other things - from the richer nations.
A rise ih fertiliser import prices will critically affect
production on the farm forcing the government to purchase
grain abroad, further depleting foreign exchange reserves
and the ability to purchase fertiliser abroad. The exchange
between nations thus forces states of dependence and,
therefore, under development.
Even within a nation Green Revolution techniques do
not remove disparities. Studies have indicated that the
nature of land distribution and the "underdevelopment" of
most small framers makes it possible only for the richer
peasants to use these techniques and increase production quite often replacing food crops with more profitable eash
crops. Even Gobar Gas (methane gas from manure) plants
accentuate disparities. It is estimated ■ that the minimum
economy-size plant for a family has a 200 cu.ft.capacity,
an investment of Rs. 3500, and needs 12 cattle to support
it. For an underdeveloped nation, with an estimated 40$
living below an official "poverty" line, the majority of
agricultural families would not be able to afford a Gobar-Gas
plant.
There are, therefore, certain restrictions within
the relationships between man and nature, and man and man
which make development, in the sense in which it has already
taken place in the developed nations, a near Impossibility.
If Shahdol is one of 9 districts, out of a total of 45, which
may be called well-developed then the task of removing
disparities within an underdeveloped nation alone are
staggering. Even if Shahdol provides a model - which it does
not - the restrictions on the processof change are clearly
evident. Let us take a look at some selected indices of
the district:

The working population is 37.2$ of the total population
and of this only 7.7$ are engaged in mining and manufac­
tures, 83.8$ are in agriculture (30$ as labour). The

land, yields over 64$ of the Domestic Product while
manufacturing industry, construction, and power yield a
little under 14$.

There are 1977 villages and, of these, 95 villages and
8 towns are electrified covering 7608 consumers. 1183
prima-ry schools have 941941 students. 191 secondary
schools have 25,764 students. 36 higher secondary schools
with 10,181 students. 3 colleges with 907 students.
Average literacy level of 14.59$ (5-78% for women). There
are 14?4 km of metalled roads and 557 km of motorable
dirt roads.
The local RTO has registered 25 private buses (for
passengers); 514 trucks (for goods); 219 private cars;
100 two-wheeled vehicles; and 1 taxi.

Such a level of development is incredibly low when compared
to that of a developed nation, assuming that the norms set
by developed nations are acceptable.
The conflict between man and nature on one hand and
the conflict between man and man on the other make the possi­
bility of rapidly developing the backward areas of Central
India a remote one. If present concepts of development are
unable to answer the. very questions that they themselves
raise it is clear that they are inadequate and other concepts
must take their place. What would be the nature of these
new concepts? In the past the concepts have undergone
change when man has begun to increasingly understand his
relationship to nature and to other men and thus plan to
control the conflict through the application of technology.
We must, therefore, look into the nature of planning and
technology in order to answer the question of change.
Planning
As the process of development has taken place in a society
the conflict inhebent within it has given rise to new sets of
problems replacing the old ones. Thus, industrialisation,
welcomed all over the world as the harbringer of plenty
and prosperity in the late nineteenth century,gave rise to
new social tensions. As early as 1815 individuals like
Robert Owen were beginning to predict that, unless the new
instruments of production were intelligently controlled,they
would destroy the very process they had begun. In England,
in 1909» the Government discovered that the process of industri­
alisation was creating slum conditions in urban areas where
the workers lived in apalling living conditions giving rise
tp malnutrition and ill-health. This was exposed when recruits
from such areas were found to be too weak to raise rifles
during the Boer War.
In India, in 1947, the first Indian
government of the newly independent nation found that the
struggle for independence had given rise to a host of
aspirations in the masses for a better life and the government
was forced to respond to these aspirations through legislative
and administrative measures. 200 years of unfettered industrial
growth in the USA finally culminated in enormous pollution
problems. Some were so severe that rivers such as the Buffalo
and the Cuyahoga are declared official fire hazards. Organised
protest by consumers and citizens forced the US to take
cognizance of its. environmental problems on a temporary basis

5

In 1948 and. a permanent one in 1956. A 72 year old Federal
law banning the dumping of industrial pollution into navi­
gable waterways went almost completely unnoticed until its
70th birthday when the first of some 30 Injunctions were
brought against a fraction of the approximately 40,000 daily
violators.
The response everywhere to these new conflicts has
been organised attempts at planning for control.
In England
the Government passed the Town Planning Act in 1909 which
gave the State, for the first time, the power to dictate
how private property in land was to be used.
In 1951 the
Indian Government embarked on the First Five-Year Plan for
planned growth. In the 1970s the US Government has enacted
a series of laws to regulate the environment. Planning,
therefore, has been resorted to in order to transform into
reality the concepts of development.

It is obvious that Planning has failed to remove the
real roots of the conflict. Industrial slums, poverty,
and pollution have not only persisted but increased inspite
of legislation and protest. Why is this so?
Planning can be described as possessing a number of
qualities.
It may be either Imperative or Indicative
depending upon the degree of State control. Indicative
Planning may be Active or Passive, depending upon the
degree of control by the public sector over the economy,
and Normative or Systems, wherein social and institutional
dimensions may not or may be considered. The nature of
the interlinkages in a planning exercise between different
components of the plan can give it either a Sectoral bias
or a Spatial one. In the territorial sense /planning may
be distinguished as being either Single-Level or Multi­
Level. In this context planning in India may be charac­
terised as being Indicative, Normative, Single-Level, with
heavy emphasis on the sectoral approach.

This, however, does not explain the philosophical
foundations of Indicative Planning nor why it has failed
to justify the concept of development. The basic hypotheses
on which planning theories are based are the Theory of Ring
Models, the Theory of Central Places, and the concept of
the Economic Landscape, Underlying these is the stress
upon the modernising role of cities. This Growth Centre
model envisages the organisation of geographical space
around a focal point of interaction which sends out growth
"impulses.” into the surrounding space and thus serves to
develop that space.

When applied to Area Planning the Growth Centre
approach emphasises that?

a.

any policy of development must inter-link the
various sectors of social and economic activities;

b.

these interlinkages can be understood from the
locational distribution of the activities; and

c.

cities radiate modernisation impulses and hence, the
nature of their Interlinkage to the rest of the area
must be to improve accessibility.

6
All three may be conveniently illustrated, with.reference
to the reference, districts
1.

The State-run thermal power station presently generates 60
MW of power. The annual consumption in the district is
3,177,195 units. The povfer station is being expanded t^o
generate a total of 3^0 MW. But the power will not be fed
to local industries nor will it send out growth impulses
into the surrounding area. The district centre, 40 Km
away, has the only industrial estate in the district with
five plots. Three are occupied by a government mills
scheme and the fourth by a sodium silicate manufacturer
(capacity 27 tonnes per month capacity).

2.

Bones are collected by a dealer at one of the market
centres from tribals who come from the forests with
their collection of bones, horn, and hides. The tribal
gets Rs.650 per tonne of bone (Rs 13 per head load
carried on foot for a minimum distance of 8 km) and the
dealej? sells it to the next larger collector 300 per tonne.
Subsequently, the bone is sent to the metropolis from
where it is exported to the West to obtain precious
foreign exchange. The free play of market forces is
thus suitable for colonising the space and not for the
collective well-being of the community which is the
purpose of area development planning.

3.

The private paper mill is the largest in Asia with a
production capacity of 250 tonnes of paper per day. It
was set up in 19&5 under Government sanction with the
understanding that it would, employ 80$ of its personnel
from the local area and would be situated at the confluence
of two rivers so as to reduces the dangers of pollution.
The factory was actually situated 22 km upstream of the
recommended site, and it presently has only 20$ of its
3000 employees from the local area. In 1967 an official
committee found that 157 villages downstream of the factory
were polluted and 30 were declared badly affected. The
mill requires 32 cusecs at its lowest ebb. Hence, the
mill constructs an earthen dam across the river depriving
villagers of irrigation and drinking water. A survey
in 1973 revealed that the death rate of cattle was 1*1-1$
higher downstream of the factory than in areas upstream
of the pollutant discharge point. It also indicated a
fall in milk yields of 29.3$ due to the polluted water,
and a rise in the incidence of skin disease with
increased contact of humans with the river. The paper
mill has exhausted the supply of bamboo in the district
arid has recently embarked on plantation of eucalyptus
trees which will be used in the manufacture of paper
but will also further lower the water table and reduce
the meagre supplies of well-water. Planning has so far
made an attempt to reduce the technical affects of
pollution and preserve the profits of the paper mill
but not assessed the damage to the rest of the local
economy nor taken steps to prevent it.

TECHNOLOGY

The relationship of technology to planning and
development has already been made clear. It is'the
instrument whereby the interaction of man with nature is
controlled for the benefit of man. Hence, if not controlled,
it is destructive to nature - a fact of increasing apparence

7

as nations battle to control both the environment as well
as environmental pollution. Technology also plays a role
in the interaction of man with man because modern produc­
tion management consists of the increasing division of
production into its components and hence the increasing
specialisation of human labour associated with production.
Thus man gets alienated from other men in production through
the agency of technology. Technology is here reflecting
the inherent conflict within the very concept of develop­
ment which it is a servant to.
Let us examine the application of modern technology
in India with reference to the Paper Mill. It is the big­
gest in Asia and the most modern when it was set up in
1965. The suppliers of equipment for the Mill read like a
Who’s Who of American and European industry:Paper machine- Beloit Corporation, USA
Electric machinery- Westinghouse Electric,USA
Controls- (Taylor Instruments, USA
Digesters- Tala-Johnson (foreign collaboration)
Knotters- Kamyr- Durban, Sweden
Chlorination Tank- Stebbing Engg. Co. USA
Chlorine Mixer- IMPCO, USA
Hydrating Jordans- Jones- Majestic, USA

So much for ‘’self-reliance". Technology transfer
has taken place on a massive scale. The initial
capital investment was of the order of Rs.300
million, a cost probably only justified by the
high profitability of the plant- Rs 60 million
are the declared profits per year.
The paper mill consumes 450-500 tonnes per day of
bamboo(now brought from forests further than 300 km away
since all local preserves have long since been exhausted).
These forests are captive to the Mill. 150-200 tonnes per
day of hardwood are obtained from forests under lease from
a Province 800 km away. Coal for the generation of steam
and power is obtained from three captive coal mines.Various
chemicals, caustic soda, and alum are manufactured in a
sister concern at an adjacent plot of land. The daily
requirement of 160 million gallons water per day is
obtained by impounding the local river into which the
Mill later discharges 14.5 million gallons per day of
polluted effluent. Hence, all the raw materials required
for the manufacture of paper are fully in the control of
the Mill and add to the profitability of the entire venture.
Setting up of ancilllaries or decentralisation- in effect,
the propagating of growth impulses- would be contrary to
the focal point of generating profits.

Given the land on which the factory is situated
(1000 acres); the capital invested (of the order of
Rs.460 million); the land deforested; and the water and
energy consumed: a conservative estimate would put the
alternative foodgrains production possible at 500,000
tonnes per annum. Whether to produce 75jOOO tonnes per
annum of paper or 500,000 tonnes per annum of food is a
question which a concept of development ought to answer
but evidently does not.. This also ignores the damage
due to pollution and deforestation.

8

The problens that are already facing the Indian
nation are quite clear s-

1.

At present ^0$ of the population lives below the
official poverty line.

2.

By 2000 A.D. the population will reach ?00million.

3.

With increasing population pressure on land, ownership
will be fragmented making it all the more difficult
to apply modern technology.
There will, therefore, be a decline in land productivity.

5.

By the end of the century 210 million tonnes of food­
grains will be required to feed the population - an
increase of 100 million in 25 years..

6.

There will be the increased need to export goods at
competitive prices in the world market.

7.

Large-scale under employment- and un-employment will
exist in the agricultural sector.

8.

Consequently, there will be large migrations to the
cities.

9.

Disparities in income, health, education, housing,etc.
will continue to grow.

10.

The quality of the environment will Continue to deteriorate
further adding to the vicious'cycle of underdevelopment
and poverty.

What answers does modern technology have for these
problems? There appears to be a broad consensus amongst
policy makers and economists in India on the scope and
content of planning for growth. The consensus focusses on
the need to provide an infrastructural base (land reforms,
public works, education, health, markets, technology, fiscal
and credit policies, water management, and energy) through
State intervention for the development of agriculture and
industry while involving the people in the development
process through various social and political institutions.
In Shahdol district the Government has taken definite
administrative measures to commercialise agriculture by
providing credit to farmers for pumpsets, wells, fertilisers
etc. through the nationalised banks. The Industries Depart­
ment has been trying to encourage entrepreneurs to set up
small and middle scale industries and the Development
Corporation has been offering all kinds of financial and
other incentives. Plans have been prepared to build new
roads and metal old ones. The thermal power station is to
Increase its power generating capacity six-fold. The coal
mines have been nationalised and some of the old ones, which
had been closed down by the private owners on grounds of
their being uneconomic, have been re-opened. Three large
schemes for impounding water and building canal systems are
being implemented. Will these schemes work?

9
Under a World Bank scheme Rs. 2.4- million were ear­
marked for agricultural development loans in the districtof which only Rs.300,000 were finally.taken. All over the
province, the Financial Corporation sanctioned Rs.55 million
in 7^-75 as compared to Rs.20 million in 65-66, but actual
loans disbursed declined from Rs.1A million to Rs.11 million.
One stretch of road 12 km long has been rebuilt 8 times in
the last 11 years but not yet metalled. The surplus power
cannot be used in the district and will be transferred to
neighbouring growth centres. The production at the coal
mines has increased but productivity has declined. An
earthen dam built at a cost of Rs4250,000 to irrigate an
estimated 200 acres of land is presently Irrigating 9 acres.
Technology, then, obviously does not have the answers
to the problems of underdevelopment and poverty. The neces­
sary technological choices and planning models chosen are
decided on grounds other than technical or necessary for
human well-being, Technology is, therefore, reflecting
the conflicts inherent within the concept of development
it subserves. The struggle of man against nature is vividly
reflected in ;a.
b.
c.

the depletion of natural resources;
the deformation of the environment;
the isolation of a process of development.

a.
b.
c.

the general pattern of unbalanced development;
the rising levels of under employment and unemployment;
the alienation of man from his fellow men.

The struggle of man against man is concealed within;-

The answers do not lie with technology. They are wedded to
the concept of development itself. The concept must change
if the process of development is to answer the questions posed
by unsatisfied human needs. When the concept changes then
the application of technology will also change. The concept
of development determines the technology. But how does the
concept change?
ALTERNATIVES

Historically, societies have sought to change the
concept of development when it has failed to satisfy the
needs of society through the planning process and the
application of known technology. Hence, it is the failure
of technology that changes perceptions. It is not the failure
of the theoretical development of science but its application
within certain restrictions that tend to break those restric­
tions. Technology must, therefore, demonstrate that it has
the answers but is unable to implement them within a particular
context before that context can be called into question. It
is, therefore, the test of the "appropriateness" of technology
whether it can show its technical competence to solve a
problem >nd at the same time expose the structural limita­
tions thai make it helpless so that men may take conscious
action to change the structure they live within. The missing
link in development theory is this Inbuilt ability to rectify
itself. When technology contributes to building this missing
link it becomes appropriate.

10
Technology has three principal tasks to perform within
the realm of underdevelopment
1.

To show that,it can conserve, control, and regenerate the
resources of nature in such a way that it resolves the
conflict between nan and nature. It must lend itself to
planning wi th the environment and not against it.

2.

To illustrate the organic relationship between men and to
trace the root causes of their alienation from each other.
Technology must educate men to work with each other and
not against each other.

3.

To maintain the challenge to the insufficient concept of
development so that the new one may survive to rectify
the old. It must therefore demonstrate in real terms,
however small, the abstract concept of men uniting to
create abundance.

What does this indicate with reference to the base
are of Shahdol? The possibilities have to be- explored
within :1.

The material resources available -12$ arable land under
double-cropping; 1$ irrigated; low crop yields (6 qtl/ha
for paddy); timber from 30$ land under forests(50,000
cu.m, of Sal timber sold by the Forest Department every
season); oilseeds, 200 t Sal seed, Mustard, Groundnut,Rice
Bran, Neem, Karanja, Kusum, Pilu); coal; fireclay; sand;
bauxite; water; Gypsum, Ochre, Limestones Lack, Gum,Tendu
leaf, bones and hides.

2.

The human resource -390,000 working men and women; village
artisans (smiths, carpenters, cobblers, potters, masons);
technical skills (1 polytechnic, one Industrial Training
Institute); social groupings (people organised to parti­
cipate in their own development); migratory influences;
selected desires for change.

3.

The educational potential - to illustrate the need for a
new concept of development.

So, taking Rs.10,000 as the provisional upper limit
of capital investment per productive unit, the following
possibilities emerge s-

a.

Soft coke production on a small scale from coal is not
very efficient because of the loss of valuable volatile
matter from coal. An improved process can,however, be
developed whereby at least a part of the volatile matter
is recovered while coking is carried out on a small scale
in simple and inexpensive equipment.

b.

Bauxite mining yields a valuable ore, Bauxite, for manu­
facture of Aluminium and a waste material, Laterite,which
so far has found no use. Over 100,000 tonnes of Lateri'te
has accumulated at the pitheads. Research pan be directed
at finding a use for this material-possibly in construction.

c.

The availability of sand and rice-husk points to the pos­
sibility of manufacturing rice-husk cement and using it
for construction as well as for the production of cement
poles for rural electrification.

d.

Saw dust, rice-husk, and fireclay can be used for the
manufacture of insulation bricks for use in furnances.

11

e.

Oilseeds, rice bran, and groundnut may be subjected to
solvent extracting of oil in small solvent extractors
specially developed for the purpose.

f.

Yields for most crops are low or failling. The rains bring
large quantities of water which rapidly drains away into
the rivers, and rivulets. Water and soil conservation
can be attempted through the construction of small earthen
dams, afforestation, and the building of tanks for which
the topography is suitable.

g.

The .possibility of setting up mini or micro paper plants
to make a few tonnes of rough paper needs to be explored.
A large number of such plants, while needing considerable
research and development work, would provide immense
benefits since they would be labour intensive, require a
very small resource base, provide for optimum utilisation
of all small resources, and pose much smaller environ­
mental problems than the large pap-, r mills considered to
be viable at present.

h.

Bamboo, suitably strapped with steel or nylon wire, may
be used for piping water over long distances in place of
steel,aluminium, or plastic pipes which are beyond the
reach of most farmers.

i.

Bullock-cart wheels with steel rings are not made in the
district but 800 pairs are Imported annually. Both timber
and skills are available locally to develop this industry.

j.

There is a possibility of using Mahua flower, dried and
powdered into flour, as a regular energy enriching source
in the diets of the people.

k.

Animal bone can be crushed to provide bone meal and
fertiliser.

1.

Hides are available as is harra seed and lime for develop­
ing a local tanning and leather-product industry.

m.

A case exists for building appropriate training centres
where artisans can be encouraged to develop their tradi­
tional skills and use them for furthering economic activity
at the village level by providing tools, construction
materials, and services economically and efficiently.

n.

Technology has the greatest possible potential in the
development of mass education materials centring around
local problems of direct consequence to the people of
the area. A recent experiment has indicated that filmstrips have powerful impact on local people as they can
be made to include local problems, local individuals
and locales, and stay on the screen long enough to permit
critical appraisal of static situations as perceived.The
dynamic relationship is brought out through the movement
of the filmstrip.

o.

Assessment of real needs of people and their correlation
with available resources is another task of critical
importance for technology if the participation of people
in their oxen development is to become a reality.

12
It is now possible to summarise the chief points of
what may be called, the "Appropriate Demand Model" of Develop­
ment, Planning, and Technology for the removal of under­
development
A.

Development is the process of resolving the conflict
between man and nature on the one hand and man and
man on the other.

B.

Planning is that political exercise in allocation and
management of resources which involves those engaged
in production in improving their mutual well-being,
prevents the harmful by-products of growth, and
conserves the natural resources.

C.

Technology is the medium through which man becomes
aware of the conflict in society and the tool by which
he attempts to understand and resolve the conflict.

To develop a model vision of a better society out
of the dynamics of a collapsing one is a complex theoretical
task; to actualise that model within the reality is an even
more difficult one.

*****

M-P- 7

PROJECT POSHAK : MAJOR EVALUATION
TECHNIQUES

AND

FINDINGS

by
Dr* Tara Gopaldas, Prof, and Head,
Department of Foods and Nutrition, M.S. University of
Baroda,
Baroda - 2.
Project Poshak was a large-scale study conducted between

1971-'75 in Madhya Pradesh, to study the operational feasibility
efficiency, impact and cost of delivering a package of health
and- nutrition services through the existing PHC infrastructure,
to the very young child (6-J6 months of age) and pregnant/
lactating mothers utilizing a 'take-home' food distribution. The
project design included 5 phases: (1) The Exploratory,

which

had an intervention period of 7 months, the main purpose being
to refine and standardize field methodology; (2) The Extensive,
which had an intervention period of 11 months with emphasis on

assessing the operational, problems in large-scale programmes
with -minimal supervision (5) The Intensive, which had an
intervention period of 18 months.

Five-in-depth studies were

conducted on (i) Indigenous weaning food (ii) Pricing the Food
(iii) School VS PHC as an alternative infrastructure (iv)
Cost effectiveness of single and multiple inputs (v) 0n-site

feeding VS 'Take-Home'.

Each of these had their own set of

operational and impact criteria.

The major evaluation technique

was to develop a model that permitted the evaluation of the
efficiency of each Phase, at 4 sequential stages viz.fi]

Logistical delivery of physical inputs to study PHCs/SHCs [ii]
Delivery of services by PHC staff to recipients [iii] Partici­
pation by recipients [iv] Cumulative nutritional-health impact
on recipients.

The Exploratory Phase established the operational
feasibility of the approach. Logistical delivery and delivery
of services were 100 percent; participation by the recipients

was 55 percent for food, 45 percent for childcare education, and
55 percent for medical health services.
Despite the short
intervention, impact evaluation showed a def]LHitO
9f
2. . .

-Ox­

benefit to intervened subjects in terms of growth, lessened
morbidity, and heightened awareness of childcare among mothers.

The rest of the ’take-home' ration was shared, mostly by
children upto 6 years of age. Experimental villages demon­
strated statistically greater acceptance of immunizations;

acceptance of FP was also higher.
The Extensive Phase reflected the reality situation and

is therefore the most replicable.

Even with minimum super­

vision and control, participation rate for "take-home" food

was 45 percent and 60 percent at the PHCs and SHCs respectively.
This Phase demonstrated that more efficiency could be built
into the programme by(i) enrolling easily accessible and nonmigratory populations(ii) Seasonal 'take-home' during drought

may be more cost-efficient and manageble.

The Intensive Phase which had maximum supervision and
control showed that (i) it is operationally feasible to attach
small food-mix units to PHCs, (ii) Indigenous multi-mixes are

readily accepted, but those below the poverty line cannot afford
even the cheapest of cheap mixes (iii) Ready-to-eat mixes need

tojrctail at not more than 50 p per kg (iv) The village school

is a good alternative infrastructure to the PHC for 'take-hone'
food distribution to the * below-sixes'

(v)

' Fed-on-site_' feeding

is one and half times as expensive as 'take-home' distribution
but is more efficient.(vi) The synergistic effect of the
;
combine dT'package of nutrition, health and education services
was established.

Utilization of services by the study PHCs went up by 51
percent and 41 percent in the Exploratory and Intensive phases,
respectively.
The cost per child per annum included the i ndi vi dual

costs of logistics, equipment, food supplement, childcare

education materials, medicines/sera, personnel and their trans­
portation, and miscellaneous items.

It was found to be

approximately Rs. 208, Rs. 110, and Rs. 308 in the Exploratory,
Extensive and Intensive Phases of the Project.

1 :
4

______

THE HINDU, Sunday, May 10, 1981.

Th© Motion continued

exploit tribals.
different dialect but naxalites, are
The naxalites. by coming to the at home with them because of
help of the villagers, gain their linguistic affinity.
sympathy. No one in the area is . The people of South Bastar ere
ready to furnish information about poor and exploited. This condition
them. Whenever they take shelter of the 'Babes in the Wood' makes
or food in a villager's house, they alluvial soil for naxalite activities.
pay double tne cost.
Most of them work in forest
About 30 young doctors from , depots and in collecting bldi leaves.
adjoining Khammam district are Their weekly payment is not made
believed to be active in Bastar regularly by the Forest Department.
as naxalites. They are learnt to At village Pujari Kanker. 25 tribal
ACOITS in the
" .= north o
„u . has proved to be a good hide- have
and
f
distributed medicines- to . labourers who had been working
villagers.
'
naxalites in, the south are "out for. naxalites.
since February. 5 had not received
The Bastar Police has made payment for many days.
a headache to the administration. . There are five naxaiite groups
arrangements to check the
Tne ' dacoits function on the active in the villages on the border, special
t
The tribals work on contract
of naxalites in the district. and payment is made on the basis
aporoved lines of murder, arson Reports from villages Kotaballi. entry
<
police squads have not so •of per cubic metre work ■ done
and loot Tne naxalites adopt subtler IKamlapur.. Polampalh. Marudoaka, But
f
Cherpalli. Sindurguda. Tarlaguda. far
f
come across any naxalite. The They are ignorant of this system
have a well-organised of' payment and are unable tc
<
Madhya °radesh is among the Nelakanker and Kamalpetta. all on naxalites
system
arid calculate- the actual work, done
<
' 1 States where naxalites are active, the.Andhra Pradesn border confirm communications
'
IInformation about official activities
accord ng to the Union Home this,
Fair price shops are not working
.
is
.conveyedpromptly to them by
Ministry's annual report. In Bastar , No report of crimes committed ■!
properly and at some places ever
the
villagers.
in south Madhya Pradesh bordering by naxalites has reached the authori­
The naxalites come under various if they exist, there is no regulai
Andhra- Pradesh and Maharashtra. ties.
supply
of commodities. In many
in the many trucks plying
naxglites. as admitted by the Police.
The.naxalites succeeded in gett- guises
'
villages, there are no schools o
have succeeded in forcing con­ ing increased rates for Andhra between Andhra Pradesh and there are schools without teachers
tractors to pay higher wages iO labourers for collecting tendu pattas Madhya Pradesh carrying timber ‘The drinking water problem is acute
forest labourers thereby winning (bidi leaves) from 8 paise to 12 and bamboo an£i escape into the and the villagers suffer hardship
the sympathy of the tribal villagers paise per stack of 100 leaves. jungles They get back to their during summer, when water ii
who provide them with food and In M.P. the rate was half of that •' base the same way.
■ nallahs and rivers is limited ant
The area where naxalites are is used by both cattle and . the
shelter.
in A.P,. The naxalites intervened
Naxalites who are active in the to .get the rates enhanced and active is a belt of Doria tribe who people, giving rise to skin trouble
Khammam, Kanm Nagar and thus put an end to their exploitation speak Dorh and Telugu. Living on and other diseases.
Warangal districts of Andhra by Government and private agen­ the • border, they go to Andhra
The development of the regio
Pradesh and Chanda district of cies... The patwanes too exploit Pradesh for their daily needs Their and ending the exploitation of th"
uiucio by
uy false
ioioc transfer
uoua.ci vi
of ioijm
land marriages take place in A.P The tribals will "aldne make them ir
Maharashtra make their way into the tribals
dense forests of Bastar. A 300 and demand heavy amounts. Tne. villagers are sentimentally attached sulated against naxalite influence.
naxalites
gather
such
information
A
P.
km long bound of Bastar adjoining
Correspondent
Officials find it difficult to talk
A.P. and Maharashtra, with dense from - villagers and then threaten
forests and poor communication patwaris, foresters or others who to them because they speak a1
from Bhopal.

Extremists,
but good
Samaritans
D

A

REPORT OF THE
TRAINING PROGRAMME HELD AT

PANIGA ON, DEWAS

CN

March 15 - 17, 1993.

fov fo T?rrcrnwT'

4

^srnH fo 5rfmr

JiraT

^nftrmr st 3fonj

w w:

-

fflnfm qfl’ srr-irrfT &

w

■pjrnfl’ wirur tyrt 1
fopw JJSoT

:

nfrrtt fofo, r. 7. errfrfoT "for

tfT TR5T

foMriWH, fot vyr -fohrnr 'Ifo, ^n5>^ siffor

n. 7. gffo^T fo?r foVffo-H 1
•FSTFH

:

for

ffofa

:

15 nnf 1993

9~[wrrf4nT q>=r ?forr

:

, 28

trnfprfe - f^rr c^nr ^1.7.5

17 urf 1993 <w

yfoRMfof -i. 7. or fofHr^r ffoT 4 <i>nfaT fofer^r Wr foT ffofof ?r

fforr

szfhr ffofofrffo > 1
^F?rr st ^nr
for 4 §r[ fofo
jirffoRfi fwi^r fforrr

cTSjg

fot 4f-4T

•farrr

q^^rfsfrff
rreirr

ffonr, ffor ■ffo^r^r
ttT^T Erfofor,

ffoqmjr

2

2

JQI

2

oij®r fot'IT

vrarTTT

5

jrrtffo for foqr

ffoRITT

2

^rn ffonr Hlfofor

Tirfr CtsiH 1 M4 <

1

^r.

anfoqjv ffoq fofoh

fair, fforaTC .

1

9°^ ^dHLUi-c Ti’-cf

gv^r, Bhkr^nr

1

wTlcH fol'cfl fTF^TFT

Tn; wfofo

1

qvrfo gTqTFrcT
XO \3
3ir<. wr. wr.3iTT.^r.

*v-cK6irjnTr, sfofo

2

fos’ fofrs f^r,

for

TiRffora-

3TI 6M<> fo?I

1

ffoRNT
qT41Jiici, for?r

[
7

jrr-f wtfo Ftrn^ araarft

w sif rar

w. ft. ft. Wq affY cw "fb rr^a wft araa rftqf aMfr fn w ffM anfj?a

9TTJT fMr f i sa anfjar Y sr^rr ft.

f a£ afft if carrt'a araarft Maj

fcar£,a8^ aarftra fM aiMr i re anf^ aM|qJ crnr ^RrYfarr % nar 1995
f i/rhi ffar ;t wr^ 1
wr: ir araarft ay ^rftaY snr ft

Mt Man? aYat 1 ga ft

arM 1 ^rr arM-fa aarfta wt

if wftftvre

aaar 3ftr a. 7. if Mt fffjpa warMY ar

ar anf arsr §a ataY ft Tanrar

w fr, Farfta w? Mt MaaY

arrr, rerrer M qrnfr Mr f 1

v

Off^a / FfcCq

BFBfft Be qP^JT JTft cTM HT Mc[ ?RVT aft? gcTSTT ®iT MfTf f TPT1 4? 51^
M 9TH t?rrt fWnj jh if M wrr

i

j| i § rgrp^ agtft ^nwntt wY sirqwr % 9
111

sin^rft fM 9q>nr 3Wcu ^vnft rrrfM ?

-pgiT^ aMr srrwtt fM crre =h HRjr^r err nMri

?

UH-Frryrw frt qfqri M sm^iTwY faftr ?wr ^r

fWr rr^

tjrr afn f j

’i

fcriT^ hMt ^r^rfMr Mt sirawr % ?

ft

3fr>t jtct
ff Terrr^ ?Mfi- srr^rlMTr jtut^
=rrM 3T awf ft fti ^ebt aft 'tof
i
to gflf agnirft

Mr£ wikej inrrtr

ftri gv ft,

aft Miff- f riq fiq nYa -FEriT^ ft affua aafv aft Mrr f i ia qr ft Y aafv
-pgrae-’a aaft a ft?r uv ja aenirftaY f fYwrf f fra sweraj ar 3{aaaaj gffursiY,
W atf, ^rasr, qanfar, sararf =rrarff f art if ftft bi

aa ftaY if aaraaa afft araarftaY f ^fr arawrr ft aft % ft zaY anfr
gaY

ar ‘4=ar aftftrra f ? aar f aft gaar 3aata ffr 2

aifcRTT.. 2

//2//

gu eine-44 r ftt

ftft q>T ’gHTF TSn aft’ ft 3lVT eg ft gFT FT ;rer er eeHT ft qftV^re

ft en i ee eafi- ftfe iff ere ftt sfrarfreft er eraer eft ft eft ft ffter M eft
S

eft nrerr er ftrafraft ftT^ raranr ft reiiT; fftfcr ft ftft ft i ftx ftrarfraft ftft

rftrare ft fftv -<t>< prraeft er Frerrr ftft ft ftft ftfti eenftrf ftffte eriftraf, rarftra

^raer ftcer^l- i ge raift eraraerr Hrffte ftft ft era ft eftra eft ereera ft airftft
UT-;ft *t I
ee Firft ^fyeraft ft fftv ftlftra/fftfte ereerfref ft ftftrara sraftr sirarae ftteft ft i
efte eft (ftrfft-e refteft ft 5*rae ffi'ft ft- ft fftmi cfift' g i ft eft erft '-Ti -nr eraft "ft,
ftft : eer ee rafw aeee ftftrrr ft j sier er eft rar rar ftftraeft er ^nftra rer er

ftfti, eerfteft ft errr were eft arar ft ? er ra ftftenft ftft ey fttf aftr rar ft ?
rar eftra ft- ftftra fftrfft fftftrara ft- raerer Frrlftv v w er, ft- ffte fufftra^ ■

ft-, ftftft eFtrcrre ft ? ft- ser^r ft iftcTHr uft ftftrr j wr

<pt eft wrr ft ? u^rr

qe ftftrft' era sir ft ft?Wr 2 siftr e?r fteraft ft ftwra ft ft- er pflnft ft ?

Hraftu FPfi- jrft ft rmr rcrra^ aiftr erra> rfftr ft aftft ft jfft ftr w ft era
eft- ft eef ft Piera er raft eft i arera ft rarara fteft ereerfrar wt^j erer 3irft
3irarra> ft rarr wft eraft ft fte raerra ftftft eeer ftiftfft ft renrer ft erftft,
3eer

q ft i

$2^ fft ^raiT ft ererafftrf eracra errft erfftft 9
ftiH era ft ffte jeftr er rer ft 3ft eft ft rarara ft’ft eraerfreft ft eiv sift
e< ft i ftftcer

rarrra ft ftefte srae Hee raff er sirarfra se ft ft i qrrra

enft aifft ereerfraf jrrftw rer er er ft ee 3wrra err. raft ft sfrr er ft erft
ft i ere^Jrfrar era weft ft eefra ft ffteft sire eerarfftft er eDerfrft ft rfter

eft ft siTr sira rerrae fte raft ft fhe sirayee ft i
fgrrra fft^w rerrae raft raftieft ft e^ ft sne ere ft raeift ft ftfft eft ft i.

q-tft ft rafera ft siftfte ft ft ft

fteee ft rar ft, era sift erft ft 7§rai

ft rar ft, eraft ft ftft wfl’ ft, fftee - ffter ft ft ameftra eraeft ft, sirera ee ft’ .

3eefte ft, ft tftnrfftft ft seft erreft er qer eerft ft ner ft sire jrftfte ft aft eeft
ancftra... 3

s» E

f / i“
.

ir GTFRirf^Rrr gcf^iT c w r^ zfhfr trrf^v a iT<?

i

.

-

srnr rr ^rr^D ur sin^r ^rra

c ^ r <rtf

/fvr •strftivw w Frmrftrav
[

3TT‘i>

I I

u rf^v crrfF th r *t>r -egr™ w

£

g W HifT o r -arniM ®?f^ ^refr
k f^ R ^ i fterr arr ?$> ..

1 t I f

-pcrrF^T rTthfr vrir^rfY^rf jrnfr 0! =h

'I i 11

gyy/
oriYt0!

ErrnrarR

YhrT Y ^nYY Y YYs YY i rft, YRth, Tgcsnr, qqfcRuj

snirYq uY =r?7j ftY Yrft; rhff Y TYot Y Fr^nicrr c/frt YY YY i
5.

s^rnr^ ^rF^/rerF^r 3^rfn
Y ?fYT ^rr^rf^rf YY tYh afhr fbi f^rRi Y 3R Y qtrj Fcrrm- qr 3rnrr YY
3IHT ¥?YY Y Y ■ftm Y Yr cTcrf YYYY rrrfYY i

Y b?t ^%zYhr ipY wY Y -fYv wrr, Yeigs, erm cY1^, 3iraiY, ntf,
rrY Y iffY

cPTrcr, 5^f(T Y wYftf 3irfY Y crrac,r arfci—sirawv Y i

cTzTrf-r ftehkiT Y sriYir tYr? Y w Y

?nfY fc^aflr

YY -Yr tbtet Yhf

qrfYY i

j?3g ?<rrF«T Y&fY uiFR)rfr<.rf n>rY ctr YY q^nf rfY 2
1.

sranr F^Yfr
YYYY Y graiYY ^mr <,rY Y swY 3iqY rrr^w tYY

Y ctY 3?iY er- crrY fYFfT

1 sftt -<pYt crr^ffi YYtit Yhr.

fYYY Y nrfeiY YY e 1 rrcY citrvt ’PfiY Y urYY YY •

X aftw fYYr sfr 3^Y <Pr irnY

1

enrY gEpr wY q>r a^Ynr hY heht fYYt erfhe hYY Y grg =rY tYYt ettY cjtIYvt

TTsY 3(Yf 3lfto eTrq^ 3fYr 3W3vT STH^rRTTr T^FT ;RRT cfFlY Y gYt 3^ FTafr

cirftvraY Yt, YY -fY nnfeYr qr fYfr Y,

2.

fjYY jrrs fYar fiY^i

^j^riYuT_^f_2Zffe3
=rFFrftq-r wrram H q^YrrY Y tsY er.- srr^r srrTci 3irawi> Y

tt EfFFnYr

qY Y fiii?T ’FfR- il>r FfTRirY B I fYffrrFTr SIT? F4JTtTr fcfteY ‘IT =fF^TfYnY ’«Y cpfY^f
erY w sw^r 3cft 4-frqisr Y YV ffr ^FRTrqrF°i Y fYwi ?rr«T

ra?Tr Y i YY

fnyqnr sirgYq Y armr ^rfYcr bYY Y i Y tYtY Yf YR ^nY Y cpffw erY Y,

•ftrnr win#

Bsr.rrr

etht,

i

ru Yhrr ErrfY? fY rYr

arnr cRYvi Yt w Y fYnrsr Y

sir ?crrF«7 ir&fr RF>rfRrr 3R SYYimrYT Y qY^rr fiY i
gi| 3qRcnfr/3i5wr?rr

§2^ qErfaijrr

|3^ ^raqTrYtci
•q^r Y^^SytrYrY Y YYfticT Y fY?iY 3irq ^wr qTlYcr Y i

..-5

crrfY '

//5//

stowit Y bY qiM Y tew fb YY ©tfY Birr =Y tft srnwrfYqf tbft YY ftYfiY

frYf^iti' wfutv

3Fki sprit YY

q^r

orrW i

^i’ ^cir d bY YY B?r wr nr Tfwrr fYnYsn Y ®rt $ stbu ftrY siFrrrfYnf jbft fYY
j-tpt betYiY Jr BirrY mvr 3hY rrYfYicr nFrYrftnrf tbMt Y 3iYt wtbYtiY sipt WrnY'

YY SB WS JTF“-r I
errt tsf nB % YY =rY tfY FFirrfW 3F# ®r YY w Y 3~fY few srraYYY 1Ye bYYY
tbebbt Y f (¥ Bn 3ift sFicrr fY ’irpfe’ Y mtY Y

stftf rfrnf Y aY$ £

i YY fcrRmrr |

tT^tfr nrrrFTTYnf simYBnfrB w Y arq-FFr fhrftrf bh tet YY fft fY?r jTnr ee?Y
Frnn'Y I
Y HR°r stftyfIW w cirfYi'f YY ’fYsrnrr nra sw yt wiY Y fY<r tftW HrW^ffrj
bY ffqjffY

I 3IcT: JiTWr FTFFnYFrr :r=g FB HwT 1- I JY 3^1 cqf^Y Y th? frrfY

svraY’fr ariW bY ?T‘i<iY ’IYfY etY ^ft YY

rdY

swnrcrr Fr ^frt 3i4 bY ,t

YorFr-i TFr;Tr bi 3PR- w
\3 qt.-i\£> c^rikY YY sTFiFrfT<-Tr YY B ciY s^rYrfYeM srr^FTrqF
Y wr YWriiY virr :fiYY Freunr YY srfcr sfY s’rftw et ?r^r jnjrciq^ fEn?^ ^rnFiYtYfY jt^fucT Y i cfY

jhfY urPfe jqwTnr

i bh Y FFicr Y fY KrufncfEfe q^r^ff B?rr "RYni

qrtqPi JY Ffq- ftcY Y i ’Pifb bhY ^rr Y 1Y? urPfc riY Y^r 3fwr sifiwt

bY Fnrr"

[FFl'^n r

^FJFrfrqf YY 3W?vt bYY Y Frrq- <FrfFT bYhf irrfijv i q^rf-cBfrr ft » Y fY 37T
ffwifY Y wr jrirfM siYY Tgrr^ YY YhtYt tYY Y ?w bYhti ftY ’^r Y =rr^>rftrrf

ciBn arfaF Y ^r fbci w Fr b Y srnw Y i
tYtiYt FFiFrYFir YY FrY fb fMr wrr Y ^nfYiY Y j-tftftf htt pt YfY ^fY w

fiY'iYln FTB bYcIY Y, OB? Y TbY FtY 3lYY

ft gn~T YY cpKTr Y 3IEFTJ YY bYi* T3cT Y{

WfftYY thY fhY Trs-^hr hr- Y~r Frnwrfrq-f fY^rr sYY i
YWY narr

YY frrsr fbb sifejF afr

Y fY YY srcqY Y sirBir tc e^ft Y afhr fb ftf^ tYY i

sb ffwtYt rrY 3bfY fb tft- nYtf bYT Y qtYYY 3-icf:

3wfej ttfIY etfIYv

FFTFrfW jiffYf ttc qY YfY bi

YY 3?r^- sWrWrr fte bY ?tY i

tpfK^ri??BK
'

QH rFTriY . . A

//(>//

T^ra^rftcTr

enrrr aifcPi q>nf Y Ysnr Y fY uh ftkt ^nqirftnY 3>r ainv <rr ^inr w Y i sin:

=TFR>rftnf ljcjft jrhf gunrr f^nn Y nzrr snYF otYYJY.t grrrrr ttotch ^r crf^n:

Y i vTFHrrftqY Y eft jtiw Y i

fer Yt 3^Y wiYt ukT <Y Y 3^YY Ys<rr ^rr w fw
othYt 1W <t rar Y

3?t sth^rY qt

Y -:inrr =rr w>nr % fYYr sfrt ,'

i Ttnr ftm f&j YY

afar h tOY t ;i;nroi nnrr nYT ^r ?iw s?iY YY 3irnw Y fYfe w Y nr sfirr «ff
e:ifh ^Frr

i

f^Att'rar 3nrsw qr Ytr YYfY? :-

i?'T sfnY Y Girt Y ^Fffirlrsf Y ftmYt 1 YY sfYY Yr frirnraY tfr irfrftw f^rn,
YYt ftrYtfF rTrcfurYnf, fYfarFW Y firrru, n«rr etctY Y iwrarYf- Yt gYT i fYYr

3PiY qn trnrr =riY Y> guf t YHrYraY 3>r

jtpt 3?r gtfr Y]- siYt Y rr^r Y

g?rYr =rnTq7rft-gY Y 9~fcr jcjnflH Y rfY *ra jhiw trr svr^ qY sishfit ^tiYYT i

cfcjcrr
■ftiffi- sfr

Yt 53frr 3?rt w

ffftfi

Y i eh vtYft Yt cpejcrr Yt s?r.

uY

^Fnprtt Y ^rqi YYr Y wr YV 3rfr ^rrrrtt Y 3FH tYYtY Y

Ytt Y czrf Y

ncnr iftY j unrr =rr Fiwr Y i
grhmY Y erft Y srnrjrYr t tY Y ftY eY

?q>

YY Y sn 31’tt

iY fYrd-iY,

YYwrY, YtY ^ranY, YYYf^Y 3irft Y rrrY Y ^r^TTYirf

tYfr i s?r <?>nf Y iftw gY rrr eft ftrft -betIVt YY. Yfh nr

^r

qY^rr *rr ftsr eY

Fijrftq- thY Yiw sftoYY Yt mniFTr YYt q^YY i

sn YNY qr ^rr grYY ftY

qriYY ft: cRTtr frh Y srnwrfW jrrerf qrnr

-faTtfRY Yhir i

jrnfM tfr" Y teY WiY Y
*rr eYc#
zzzz
— — ~z:—
~~zz~
§i £ jrr-fnjff
cgtrftyr; Tcrrn-'n Mrrwrftqf Y wet Y 9-fii Or <rr-7r 1

|2j| ^nfpfF Yt

^rr^rftqT

ttYMYtit Y

TEnTfir cKHn? jqiH erY Yft srFrrrfYqr

^rnr 1
i

gYii3H Yrr srrwriYnf sre^rr 1

§5 3 sfH^rfW wr sYfii’TH ^rr 1
863 STRffirftYf *oT FTEfr Yqnr qRHr 1

aifYrcr... 7

//I//

Pl

BFr.;nvqY st f’ptg pptt i
stFrarfPir jr ^rnr stht i

£a J

w 3im stY Yb ttY cprrfY YY YYpt ehfit i
| I ? FgiTfg Bqfqfr BrT?rfYqY ST BBcB

- qBfir q>nf fOTfr.?^ ?IW Y FTr-ft bb Y YY

BB YhlY YY FT BFFTfprY Y BBrET Y 3W SRTY I qB YY

qp JFnf . YYf f.Y ttp nYivY Y tpjrftrn ^tY mra pfr Y i

BY FRkTT Y I

pt pt-fYfY YY-q^r qYrrYf

Y Birr <rr tt ftarftraY Y t<ttw q-fPmiY YY YYttYptY Y wtthY Y qr sr^r fYYY i
trb Y efYrrr sY'

crar ttY fttttY ?t^Y pt nr Y 3iq?rc tY i EfifrrrH Y ynfPTY Y -?wej YY

•fr^IrraT Y i qpYY Y, pftY cTcfqrq fYqfh fWr ttY rnr pttt^t ?rhft ^rpivr’IYpn
yrqT qy?Y Y 3Pqnf PrYl Y FT^r PRY YpiY P=^ TErrFtTT ?rqf&T qrW.Tcqf cqcrfpqrn
pt Y f<: ftY i
Pl

fqTTsp FTTHqTrffqY Yt SfTqP'RTTr qTT 3ITWT

-FqTFop qrprrftqY Yt airaww YY ethtY qr sirftn Y :§ i jj ■F^rrsp- wptv YY qcfrrrq 3iYr FrwrrftrB ?wrqrv i
pl

jrn-tW Yf 3H frnrq-niY YY bft qrY YY wit

i

pTR-pq srrqjTrfYqf fYnYl' airaw Y pt qr TW pttp Y fY ^fcr 5J fYrer ^rc YY
YYqrfprf XiY b£ Y frqr jrnfYr piY tYtstip Y 1Yi¥ q*rr jtttft pt ?Y Y i qB Tm^rfpr'
YY ■farYY cqYYvr Y YYtit bYY qr ^rnYt0! YY pnrYq TitY Y, YY BaY slwr 3irnY Yc i

$3$ qTPiirfprY FIT BJTB
urnwrfYqY YY airawrr Y sirreH Y qrp pt ptYY jcfY Yqrr
bY qiYprr YY 1WY Tqra YiYY Ytoh YY qfYYr,

ftYY Y i

fra jib sTirarq’

w qY. ■sYY- pt. p 3irfY Y q™rfVqr

^rcB YY i
«4« vrnwrlYqY rr ppp
Trap YYY wh bY TTFrarftrar araw ¥pfr ttht Y ?t^Y pt qraftpr bY Ybt bpYY q^Y
bYctt Y i bthtY btiYY airawr Y amir Brqrrftqf Bfsrar snYr arrarq^ bYtt Y i

3F^r fcra fcra Yran* YY BTriTlP-Tr YY wrY Y aiqpr wra qpr YfY i

. ■



:

oTh Wa ^nfa-nrr Y YYtft f^rfhfUri ainrr-rY re tWt fftiw

=7fq It -Fcrns^T YV crri^nY Y ^rt Yr w Fzrnfr w?rr wife i

3^tnnr Y

ft re tpR -

i.

r-iW YY gn rerenY

2.

YYt Ffi- srrrenY Yre ref^r ?

?

3.

re 3TH‘i>ncf erYYY re YY Meurer crrftsY 9

u.

-jtr cqresr re jtfttfh YY YT 9

g I ? srrrenY reY cj 9

x TWIT 3TYt ifegraf re gfkzqfrir

'

-

Frere Yt rerenY

ghfr Y i

-

YYr Yre Frere YgraY

nnr reY 1 i

-

rererfYnY

-

•ftiTT arnwn'f

-

^rrq^iYT fift jtpt Twit

jtpt qifl’ ^?rr

i

nnr Htfr 3m>r spira tf^rr q^pir i

tfV tfX ftwrr ^rr'Y

3ra ifhr ■fcr^r

9

* 3JJ3_23Sr_?I_I^SFi2
-

ffhr f^rrr bYct 1 i

-

fEprjT <rr jqrar?" q>"A

-

§FT n-qTdf

wjct T^nr fq^r ^rrtr

3I^> ^)TT tfT

i

WFfT ^T ^TTrfl" % -

49
- Fft ef nY q^r re e^h TTErrr ft
- Tfirr cqfcfvT WfTT
\D fcRlT

- -feiiT cq-ftvf

nhir ?

¥• trr?r w er srr^r rrrft^r 9 aftr Wf' ?

- wr re fenriYT sn nft er 9

- Ffc sf frY wr FFrr Errfe^ ?

3HT 3^-t ?rrt yrYf ¥r rrre
srffiRT q>Y J? FT % I

GrrnniYI- !•» crY 5?t Y 7^

Y &?r

$2’J Wf rfi-

WY 9

- STFffir/t nST Y I

- W nmn'rti- Ynr Y fW nrn Y i

i- 3Y3IY •’ L/m: nW >Y fun nr r nY q^rm Yr Y ?W Y i bft W Y siYn
fmtW Ynr uYrY Y i
2.

SHUT •’ sn nmnnY nY arrawnrr Y fY fYnnY ~r ~rnr YYi jqnrr YY

amrY i

> snrer Y aim : u'nrer Y nm nn Iwr nrfYY n nN Y strt Y nrn W
WYY I
n. ShEIId :

nfn Y fYnnY n

W W nrr nrqr nrW d

ThvrrjH : ?m’2j Wr Y nrt Jr nn^rtr, nnr,
VHwr utf 3irfn TcrF'T ■|ckH Y “■n

5.

TEFTimn nnf,

i

nW’ nr WJifsj Y i

jgrYqn

WT^j_nrHnrT/ ;WW nr nWy Y i

W sr fum y^j Wr nY - trr -fctf-t bFY " i
$3$ nnmnY » W ?

HI^!H

- fiYnY

nmnW ^nrr <W Y rrr^qn sYfr

i

- nW qj jtjxW n> gJr nnsp n^rr ‘k i
- nrk nhr hY nr^m W nr W i
Wnjg

- nrnnW

THirfr nW" Y Wn<q <!> 3:n?rrr sY i

- nW nr cpffnYn nYn Y nW Y 3ir«R" tc lYnr Y nr W ynfe
qrftf qr eYrr Y YY 3iWn nr gnW i

rmnW Tnmtn ?WraY Y nmnnY nr WWr sirWm WY Y gYnr Y

ei+» cqcTFnr nr nmfnn 9
iicnjfnn Y ETTT -JqY :

i.

siYfYni garftrn uYni| aYn £W !!

2.

ts/Wt

^rtarrg

3.

j-srra Sq-ftunn nr nnfen

4.

nnfwr Snhrn, arrunfiTg

tri'WiTi gYnr §

§r- silrVcn :
fnrnrsiY k-fwrr anti

nnnrfi' nr nYnY nY

nrrr nninn'T Trrn % 9
X.1

?ig nrnnr.’V ■ i' nhiY <iO' ■■nf .i-\Y tfT nrennm ejnir Y YYw 1
’n£ siYfnrf nr 3i^ b ^tAwht - arerY nr nYl; Yfnn,

t!:

nw nrnY tfY qYiijr 1

aiYfnrn n;r srf % fnr^frncFr - rm nr rro 1

0 $2$ qnfcricrr :
nhiT }r sfriljcT nrtf

’ftfa nrrnYY

nr nift 1

aifun nrHniYl’ - w nm'PiY'f aiYv 'Jiqnfcrr nr^iYt

jpira :

^31 5 si^Tftjn crfuJTm nr nrnfnn
1.

nm'rfi; nr 3nnhr •fWr nhr nr fc?

2.

nHnrfr nr fwinr TTnhi ftrarr nr rer

1

1

M nrMrfr :

|l3^ -wr 7t nn cnn aiYn frry’if

3ifun cnn ait? rrninF

- 3rf^n ?r 3ifUn trfYorm - nnfejnnr arffyn 1

nn rf^nr - nnfennr nn 1

3[fcr Y

^rWlYY cqqT'.‘Tr
. Y ThY ofrf&cT ii>nf

mYY

i.

TtfrF---! crnwRY Yr ’e-'inf. -cvoHir <i>r tlw »iYYY ;.Y wnir i

2.

sirarir; sir^nY ft 'lYuiYar whf i

3.

Tcnrt’T srrrjnY v<yfY.; Feir i

k.

3WJ -iF;-RY FT TTFT tR-^r I

5- YfFIFTYl FT EPff^ q.'THr I

6.

ifn<T cfHFn°r ft t^ff; t-ftt i

7.

gnwrtY fY cqgfYTii wr Y TBRr i

8.

srrwrtY fcfnfm $YY Y ijTrfr wnr i

9.

srnwnY ciraMr ft t^ffi FTrr i
ft ?rrt ffY <rY Y -fcY YYft qHFir Yb=r fM ■ Yrr,

ftrh fYnY fYY,

'fixFrr ?Y>it, arc

YY YtYr, w YYnr,

'Yftt -tYt i

- cqcfPF-RT urrHFnY Y fY^ir '.fYnT Y wm

- ctwIYstj vrnFrtY Y ainirr nr mirfYfr ipinr

<:
!
3

si

- lrt-ct YhrY YY qRFrr % i

fYrfr

?nwr q-r fYnrfr YY crm^rtY

gcjg srrHFrtY Y airuiT or YYtY Y cnfrrrr jfrtY Fr

^r i
c^r i

g?rg srpfanY Y sirurr or ^Trfhcr ^nrY Y rrni tjiw crfiT i
2. 3Tg5jrtY_or_ftuMi

- qfY ?i tY?t Tg-rF^ S^wnY YY air^Wcir Y i

§3i'] ^rfY YY rrja fYnrfW YY=r YY ‘Y :3jtet YY sirar S
fYnnY Y w
"SmYr Y ainifYo'
gYirr t-irt
tYHIYY_iI_5EI____________________________________ gnr ”______________ ___
|. Yqr YYt
71Y Y ?FFT
qfScT
shvft fYY,YY?i
"
3WFT I
2. irfeiraY’ Y fW
n^f|YYr
lYi'Ymfr
fftctfi Y qY. ft. f
Y JtRITT
3»_ foiYY_________________ 3n<Yr g'uiefY__________ _________

3.

i.

nrnnjYY WW

2.

nFFpW cPff ■FT

3.

nmnW rnfm

4.

nnniYi wct nr "irnfnn

5J35r£i_21_w1^£r_^FTr :

- nnnrYY Y WnY nr qrrr nnmr .
SI. fTCniYT SitT V fRVTT WW ft WfT
Cf. nFiFIT cqTifn

n. nrn ft nrrnrr nW

- nmnrtV 7PF7 nrft ft nrrzpr i
tstYct - ?w nr WnrnY ft nmniYY rrn<r <W ft sirawr nimn Wrr

2Tnnnft_nr_<Hrn :
- W WY er nrnnrYi' WHY Y? tff W nmnW nrft ffrft ftwt W
■,7tW qnm :

- ?Hra nr nnm nr nnranr
i.

nrnnrYT nr siYftrnn

2.

ni'd^rCr nr nnf’RTr

srr^nti nr nffem - nrnniYT nr WYn nW

W nmr > i

. - nmnrYl' nY nW Y WW

Fjnr nYnr i

- WrfW ^r T^rFF fp-fftW Yr nmorr'r jroT W Y ?W
qrFrnW nr cFfiWr afr fWrr
i

BJL2l_nWn_^ini : nmnW Y tpfW'r Y sinnrc nrnnrYl- <Y sifnn nmr i i
nnrgFT : WWj - i. nWm-------------------- 1 co

2.

nkiWr----------------- 200

3.

nWrnY----------------- 300

u. fnW------------ ------ ^oo

5.

Wt-------------------500

6.

nmniY

nWYY—6oo

ITT toff- or w sto tnnfr yt fiyfY Y i

JYrjm s ato YY tsnf>! nrr tot qoo % eft to faun Ybir - toft stoY-qoi
to yto *t+02

nr tom - to Y toft ;Y -rerro qr teitto YtoiY Yt Tm>nY 70=0 to'
Y 5^rt ?f fttoht toff i

- ?rjmrr vrrwnY nfa ftfYY cwv cirr

i

2123315 - to to Y to' teffto- Y etfY 5 arrant? >/mr to Y n-q-nr tor Y i
to nsft WT m vrm-rfa)- aiwtY ?rr to toft Y i
'..lii torn toftYY 7r tor sto 'jqnff- 5 ^jh- nr Mr Yr i

to_:

cqcrF?rr nr uto wftf i

i.

toitoY YY mrfat

2.

toft YY Yfar ?ft TFnrfar qrTjY ^r fYufm nrr i

3. qfl

I >t"Y wlYirt TTRT I

q. to^itY Tr tto wr i
5.

wrfar tfwrY yf gfaY.^

6.

q^ffYcr ti -icpitY 3)f gfai'1^ ^mir i

7.

orrnTnfa -jY cugtoff ^wj^ri

8.

TOF?nY

9-

i

Y Mr nYif nr Tffffar Yr ’pro '

^FfTiVr Yt enrr^r ^rjc^rcR nnr i

io.Trairfar YY cqcTrqr YY >fai iffarr nrnrr i
§ i g THYrtY YY F^nfr cqcTFzrr Yr fsty |Y>ft >;Y McrFrr i
SHYr 3lY % i.

Ym YY to tYror YY Y TfairnY ^rr YTOnYr Y fjxht

yYYY yY

2.

Y

Yrof "Y ^rY 5 yfYt yt tyft ytY e- i

yfY 5 zrr

to cfhlY Y Y YFY-nfa JJTRT YTrT

SWfaY Flfal TV X Brito TifY Y#T

YFIYto 3TUYY Yr to uY TOY ‘k I

3. Bfitof (?irY TO 5 TYFiTO YY fTOFFfTO TOYlfaY ^TO yYY M FTOfY cTO-sYhf qrto

I

-8-

aarfra aaar ?T3Tcr 1< 3flr W; atna^r aY anrn Y minrrfr fto

u.

aYa Ffi- araartY ariYY tjaar faafw aaar i

cfY^rY 7 nT’-r nfcr ur Ya -7 rfYnrfaaf 3wr arm an ram <waraT at ^rrfaanr
3FW1T gift tRFir vfY -

I • cjYfw
2. amY Y gar Yhi
3.

qYfW

4« 5n;r

5- 5HT aT
6.

but q

7.

^[efr

qvraY ft arrr

ij-c^; fcf-nYl' nr ^nrr^n fn-r^r Y w -

i. rn'rfei 'Y nsR

2. gar Thr Y cm
3.

nerftnr Y aw

4.

n?Tf > aw

sfmrftnY Y 3irnf^ am #raar YY i. rMqa------------------------------ ri^ fca

2. ?rar
tYn-------------- ------------- rTFJT
CX
<* Ttn
3- aeiftqT-------------- ---------------- rrnfmr
4.

cFFn--------------------- -------

?

5.

am ar ejef------------------

?

6.

anr ar araar--------------- am ar araar

7.

wefr

------------------

9

••9.

-9nmniYi’ WfftcT FIT I
i. nFinrtt qft jqftNcr jtft ft 3h?ttt nmnrtt ft reft nr qrrr nnrnr - ftft n^n

fhr ftt nmnrftr nur St f^W i frftr nreft ft nra 3wrr rr&ft nmnnft ngf ft
fiftfr i

Efnrft nmnrtt ftt nnr w i

2. nmnn't Frtftt It
3.

nFfrRft Eft EfPT fWT JTITJPT ft EFT I

IM nmnrtt nr gnrn w, nnm nr hto

N« wr =TFR>nt TfftfT % 2
i. nrr 3':eiw nrnnrtt ftn

tjn=crfftn •fotfvjt tift nr Nn i <r<vT ft anfncr ft 9

2. -mr 3nr<fl nnwr/t cftnt iff)- n>nJ anciaff ft ?r<fc ft ?
5.

4.

nnr nFrnrtt fftiinfFflnr • 9 (T7 -OS m• 9
nmnrtt ftnr Wrr ftt ffttn ft jftn fthft 9 aro^t <rr gtt 9

<^r GTHEiilYr T<-Tfcn > 9
i. wr 3Wi srnwrtT 3i¥f^7

nf

3ifto

9

m EjqTfsrn srr^rtt q>r cpffw^i ^rr i
cpfT^i ¥f 3i£ % q?t jqn’aj vrFRTiYt wr sm 3fh wra? 3 <?r^rr 1 cprft^w o>r

3cjqsitf % ’hp (thr ^F^rtl' epY sircTFfr tr

1 g?rfc£r prf^Ttt or

nN nr

TTnNvrr o j’nnrT.gNr nrf^r 1

1. 3w^j nrHEJrNr
2. nFFNr Eirr nNY

Ef^nr uhrr 1

?w o sijwrr NNft oft nhir i ng TtfoFT nNY ot

nnr Y siqfa 3inr ^t flm nmr
1
3. gpr tNpFI qN Y ?FKr nHEpTtt ft 3FFT ^S- rTnn T:.t

ftft, nftfftqi lift nrwrtt - fwrm =iuf

E^f 3ft ft^n nN FFT

nr eft - g^o ftsnr -

iqs-.... i io.

^6^ cpffer nFWftr nr ftfrrn nnmr
FrEtr-nn nnrft nr 3^m ft fft

Sr jqn^j artt nmnr?ft ft nrt Sr nNY nt nrnr ft

fTEfi- m Si infton nrnnrtt nr ainn Iftnr nrcrr ft ftft -

-10fayy

100

W

?Yfe)

YyiY YY YYiYra------- 1 o i
s^Y mY rrYfcra------102
rfrf^ Y STxC

SfFIcTTTT— 103

fiY'fay Y airsrr------io*+

:?rfYra YY fYrranr— 105

200

wrrahr

W?7 rYra Y

300

ectYY

TfYcff cplefr --------301
rafY wfY--------- 30.2

----201

h” ^m-rtY YY yyffryi nyr
WTF4cT Wl 3>T Tqjbw - I.

3fRTrfY Y BITFrsEJtTr

2. grftjcmT
3.

FFcRTTr

4.

yirarrtY YY c^TFyr yr 3^y

^31^

<t>77rr -

fY 3irwY siraw; ^r^rYl' wi'ai

«cT^ ufFPbTtY FcTrFS-TT fT<Wi“ Y' I

§8^ffpiYY fts/Y YY^rY cff nftriYr Y ^tht ^rnr

- qrwtr cjrfjrr-r nr^i o'? win
- 3H nr^tr-'fT

i

^nr i

sm^rfY YY cqcmr Tr ww onr
- q^r cmsrrY yfYn % i
i. &5r YY Fnmr Yt Efrt Yr
2. YYYY YY *f>nterr Yr fray

3.

fay cra-fhr = Fra yr ^o

i+. kfYra - orracYr yr erY

...ii

i

-I I-

- rer v.'rr<.’Rci' refre t- i.

<TrenY 3ifbu re ■< ■.[

- rer crerre ^nhrer Y ai-wnr Y - ■
i.

1 aTlr 'irerY .YYY ~Y renhr unr ref£Y. i.

i>i^i rfhi orrwrf;- 3rerh; $•?

2. ^rrem <.t frere jTi-rfl^r uY rer s i

ho? rerere qfi- YYcFrr ^rnr
-.qpYn Y 9*ju ^nf

)

- re vr4 skY
-

% 9
wr T4Yi"R-T Yhfr 9

< YY ?YY 9

’4>rY q4 urY Y ’IYY ffarY sYY

- re <>t4 vYY Y fbitr f cfY ?rrre

9

- rrrre ?Yrrre
- 3f^- Hire

- ere -fcrer @Ytt------- -ere

Ytqr ?

HEALTH CARE THROUGH TRADITIONAL SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

xy

PLANNING WITH TRIBALS

SUGGESTIONS

4/

a. Identification of medicinal plants
b. Preparation of 15 herbal medicines for
following minor diseases.
1. W orms

6. Headache

2. Vomiting

7. Whooping cough

12. Constipation

3. White disicharge

8. Joint pains

13. Wounds

11. Gastric trouble

4. Fever

9. Cough

14. Scabies

5. Pyor rhea

10. Dysentry

15. Skin infection

For preparation of herbal medicines

1 b Raipur

1. Dew as

2. Gwalior

2. Bilaspur

11. Gwalior

3. Hoshangabad

3. Jabalpur

12. Raipur

4. Dew as

4. Hoshangabad
5. Ambikapur

13. Surguja

5. Bilaspur

10. Raigarh

14. Betul

6. Balaghat

15. Seoni

7. Morena

16. West Nimar

8. Mandla

17. Jhabua

9. Dhar

By Dr.Y.D.Sohni

iry 1 9v0 to Apr, 199 2 ■ then September 92 to June 1993
1.

Total Districts covered - 20

2.

Total village covered

3.

Total trained persons

- 1146 (504 + 642)

4.

Total workshops on TSM

- 38 (20 + 18)

(7 + 13)

- 260 (Sept.92 to June 93)

No.of workshops in each District.
Hoshangabad

- 2 ( 1+1)

Indore

Bilaspur

- 4

Gwalior

Surguja

- 1

West Nimar

Betul

- 1

Jabalpur

Dhar

- 1

Ambikapur

Morena

-1

Raipur

Dew as

— 9 (6+3)

Satna

Seoni

- 1

Chhindwara

Raigarh

- 2 (1+1)

Mandla

Balaghat

- 1

Jhabua

- 5 (2+3)
- 4 (2+2)
- 1
- 5 (4+1)
- 1
- 1
- 1
- 1
- 1
- 1

WORKSHOPS

ON TRADITION SYSTEM

from January 1990

Date

Place

OF

MEDICINE

to June 1993.

No. of
Village

NO. of
Partici­
pants.

Workshop on

1990 s

Feb.20-25

Bilaspar

8

12

Preparation of herbal
Medicines.

May.25 to
June 4

Balaghat

4

10

Identification and
preparation of medicines

July 10-21

Meghnagar

-

Visit to member organisa
tions.

-do-

Se >t.1-6

Khandwa

-

-

Sejt. 19«20

Dew as

5

11

Sept.22 to
0
Oct.2-13

Mhow

-

-

Vist to Mem.Orgns.

-

-

Visit to MemlOrgns.

97

Vaidya Sammelan

15

Preparation of herbal
medicines.

Preparation of 3 medicin
Visit

Nov.27 to
Dec. 2
1991s

May 8-10

Navrachna,Jpr.

May 24-26

Shradha SVY,
Indore-.

June 4-7

Gramin Vikas.
Mandla.

-

15

-do-

June 20-22

Sambhav,Gwalior

-

23

-do-

Aug. 6-8

Seva Kendra,Dewas-

41

-do-

-dc-

-do-

-

41

Oct.4-7

Navracha SSS, Jpr.-

7

Oct. 9-10

Seva Kendra, Dewas-

41

Identi£<fication of local
plants.

Oct.18-20

Navrachan SSS , Jpr.

14

Preparation of herbal
medicines.

Dec.2 7

Eklavya,Dewas

25

Preparation of 3 medicin

20

Preparation of herbal
medicines.

Sept.10-12

-

-do-

1992:
Jan.6-8

Holy Cross Hosp.
AmbiKapur.

-2-

Jan.24-27

Kasturbagram,Indore

35

Preparation of medicine

Jan.29-31

Arada, Kukshi

50

-do-

Feb.6-8

Navrachna,Jpr.

20

-do-

Mar.4-8

Parigaon,Dewas

8

-dc-

Apr.10-13

Gwalior

7

-do-

12

-do-

r. 23-26

Harda

12

.Vorksnops On Traditional System of Medicines,

From Sept. 92 to June 1993

No.of Village

No . of
Participants

1992
1.

Indentification

Village Barwani

of Herbal plants

Vikas Kb a nd Rahtgaon

Sept. 21-24

Di stt.Ho shangabad

’Jith C.C.F.

Pushapkunj Hospital

Students

Indore

'30

70

11

60

15

32

18

24

10

40

10

14

Oct. 19-23
Preparation of

Sewa Kendra

Herbal medicines

Panigaon Dist.Dewas

Oc. 23—31

Preparation of

P.O.Pali

Herbal medicines

Di st.Bila spur

Nov. 4-7-

Preparation of

P.G.Pohri

Herbal medicines

Di st. Gwalior

Nov. 22-24

1 reparation of

P. Mo hana

Herbal medicine

ui£

Gwalior

uec . lb-17
...2/-

// 2 //

No.of Village

No. of
Participents.

33

55

55

iv '3

7.



Preparation of

Mission Hospital

Herbal medicines

Compound Ciihapara

J an.11-13

Di stt.Seoni

Preparation of

A.K.S.V.M.S. .

8 College

Herbal medicines

Akai tara
Distt. Bilaspur.

3 Schools

Preparation of

Govt. Vivekanand

6

35

..err.al medicines

College Manindergarh

15

33

15

28

Feb. 4—6

He;.. 23-25

10.

Trainers training

Qatta Mandir

on preparation of

Mandieswar

Herba 1 medicines

West - Nimar



March 15-17

11.

Preparation of

Panchyat Bhawan

Herbal medicine

Farkanara
block Kharsia
Distt: Haigarh

Meeting vzith

L..1-.VH.A. Office,

Vi iAI
Consul tant

Indore.

.'.■arch 29-31

Work sliop*

Where

13.

Prepration of

I S S RD Shahpur

Herbal medicine

Distt. Betul

No.o^ Village

No . of Pariicipenis.

10

24

7

15

6

10

April 12-14

14.

15.

I6.

Preparation of

Rest House Manpur.

Herbal medicine

Forest Dept. Manpur

April 28-30

Range.

Preparation of

Rest House Choral

Herbal medicine

Forest Dept. Choral Range

April 28-30

Distt. Indore.1

Orientation

Gorsrmonati Sansthan

workshop on

Ma hoba Distt. Hamirpur

( From MJ >. Dr. Sohni )

(M.P.V, H.A.)

U.P.

Health education
May 3-7

17.

18.

Preparation of

Annpurna Ashram

Herbal medicine

Padaria Block-Kundam

MaV. J-Prlg.

Distt. Jabalpur

Meeting on

Tarun Sanskar

Herbal Care

Padaria Distt.

by UNICff

Jabalpur

18

37

May 16-19

V-

// 4 //

■ •OAkshcp

19.

20.

21.

Where

Preparation of

Forest Dept.

Herbal medicine

Daulatpur teh Sonkach

May 12-14

Dittt. Dewas.

Preparation of

Agriculture Dept.

Herbal medicine

Udainagar Teh.Bagali

May 21-23

Distt. DEWAS.

Fifteen medicine

Catholic church

Preparation on

Parsahi

minor eliements

Distt. Bilaspur

June 13-15.

No.of Village

' No. of
Participants

4

30

7

15

17

65

REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

From January 1991 to 31st March 1992.
For MP VHA,- the year 1991 marks a beginning of a new era. . This
is characterised by people’s health movement in several villages
of M.P.

During the last year this association has been able to

develop a systematic method of initiating a health movement at
village level.

Almost all the activities of this association which

includes visiting member organisations, conducting workshops
and seminars,

liasioning with government, publications, consul­

tations, etc were focused on people's movement for health

promotion.

The approach is a product of collective thinking

and eftorts of several member organisations,

of VHAI, and some

of the renowned thinkers like Prof.Ashish Bose.
ful to them for their contribution.

And we are grate­

With this, I present before

you a summery of all our activities from January 1991 to March 92.

At present, over 300 primary school teachers have undertaken the
task of promoting health in their respective schools and villages.

Of these 70 are from Kundum Block of Jabalpur district, 70 from
Chhapara block of Seoni District and 140 from Pali block of

Bilaspur District.

In all these areas the work began with an

orientation programme for them at Jabalpur, Bilaspur and Seoni
districts.

A more systematic work was also initiated among 20

teachers of informal schools of Seva Kendra, Panigaon.

A follow­

up of their work is being done by local voluntary organisations.

At Jabalpur it is done by Tarun Sanskar, at Bilaspur by Gramin
Seva Sanstha, at Seoni by Mission Hospital, Chhapara, and at

Panigaon of Dewas district by Seva Kendra.

The other groups involved voluntarily in health promotion
p rogrammes at village level include 70 Aanganwadi workers and

nearly 20 persons from villages surrounding Neemuch.
In order to initiate voluntarism at Village level we had to adopt
a special health education strategy.

For this purpose this office

prepared some papers and circulated the papers among the member
organisation.

The list of those publications is given separately.

. ..2.

-2«T.S.M. Programme:

With the view of promoting the use of traditional system of medicine,
MP VHA launched a programme called 'Tulsigram.1 Under this p-rogramme

nearly 200-villagers are trained to prepare 15 herbal medicines for

minor ailments.

Some of these persons again organised the training

programmes for other villages.
Information & Documentation Centre;

During the year 1991, MP VHA established an information and docu­

mentation centre at the office.

The centre was established ’with

the technical assistance from VHAI.

For this purpose our programme

officer Raksha Singh was oriented at VHAI.

Finances:
Our major donor Christian Aid gave us a grant for the years 1989,

90 and 91.

Since the period of the grant was only upto December ‘91.

We submitted a project proposal to Christian Aid for the grant for
the year 1992.

The grant was sanctioned and we have already rece­

ived the amount.

Further contract with Christian Aid will be

finalised only after the evaluation of the work done by the Asso­
ciation.
Staff:

At present our staff includes Executive Secretary, one Programme

Officer, An Accountat, Office Secretary and an Office Assistant.
One of our programme Officer Mrs.Pushpa Mahendra recently resigned.
We are grateful to her for her contribution in promotion of

traditional medicines.

Now we are planning to appoint one B.A.M.S. doctor and one more
programme Officer.

Since much of our work is being done in Hindi

the board also approved a post of Hindi Typist.

The details of all our programmes i.e; workshops, seminars, visits
to member organisations, publications etc are givjen in a separate
report.

All the achievements of this association are a result of collective

efforts of our programme officers, our office staff, member organisa­

tions, VHAI staff, the donors and MP VHA Board.

We express our

deep sense of gratitude for their contribution and we are also
looking forward for their continuing support in the years to come.

With best wishes,

Sincerely,
Raj Bhujbal,Executive Secretary.

rei'crt

m<

Phe annual General meeting held at Gwalior on Feb.8-10,

important guidelines.
programmes' like :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

1990 set

These guidelines included several following

Awareness in National Healthy Policy
Promotion of Rational drug therapy.
Visits to member organisation
Promotion of traditional system of medicines.
Net working
Community health promotion.
Promotion of Nutrition Education.

Al! the programme of MP VHA during the year 1990 were a response to the
above recommendations.
Programme

Place

Date
N o.of Resource
parti- persons
________________ cipants

Indore

Apr.2-'3,9O

60

Bilaspur
&: Raipur

Oct.8-11

16
(Social
action groups)

1. National Health Policy

2. Follow up workshop
on N.H.P.

Dr. A. Dayalchan;
Ms.M.Khale &
Mr.R.Bhujbal
-

3. Rational Drug Therapy

Indore

Sept.90

300

4. Promotion of Nutrition
Education workshop .

Bas tar

June 5-8

40

Ms. Raksha S ing)

Indore

Nov.21-22

13

Mr.R.Mittal &
Mr.C.Finch

5. Workshop on Hospital
Aminis tration

-

1990 is the year in which special emphasis was given on visiting the
member organisation. Some organisations of the following districts
were visited:

N imar

Bilaspur
Sidhi

Raipur

Jabalpur

Chhatarpur

East Nimar

Jhabua

Dew as

Betul

A brief report on different work, programme and visits from
January 1991 to February 1992.

During the last year, I focused more attention in the health
problems related to nutrition of villages and made efforts for
the promotion of health in villages through government teachers

and Anganwadi workers.
The success which we achieved during this period, is mainly
due to a specific strategy that is not imposing any of our
programme on them but only participated in their programme by
providing necessary technical assistance through cur member

organisations.

S'

As a result of these efforts at present.305 teacher•s'(formal
and informal) and Anganwadi workers are providing health
education in their respective villages. This work is being
done purely on voluntary basis.

Sketch of my major activities:
January to Feb.10,1991

AGM work

February to March 2nd
March to April ,

.Office shifting
Establishment
of Information
Documentation
Centre.

Work in the office:

'■

School Health Training, Workshops and follow-up activities:
Programme.
Place
Period No. of Resource
parti­ persons
cipantsj_________

No.

1.

School Health Workshop

Jabalpur

May 6-9

15

2.

School Health Training

Chhapara

Sept.27-28

75

3.

School Health Training
alongwith Development
of low cost communica­
tion skill

Panigaon

Sept.9-11

20

Meena,Teen
Bhujbal &
Raksha.
Ral$sh?
Bhujbal
Raksha
Bhujbal

-24.
5.

School Health follow-up
meeting.
School Health follow-up
meeting.

Panigaon

Oct .4-6

16

Raksha

Panigaon

Dec. 1

. 16

Raksha

6.

School Health Training

Padariya
Jabalpur

Dec.15-18

50

Raksha,
Bhujbal

7. ’

School Health follow-up
meeting
School Health training

Chhapara

Dec.9-11

50

Mrs.T.1 Lal & ADIs
of Chhapara

Pali

Jan.8-11

142 'Bhujbal,Raksha.

8.

Workshops on Community Health:
1.
Community Health workshop .Panigaon Nov.11-14
for member organisation
2.
Community Health workshop
for Anganwadi workers
Podi
Feb.17-20

3.



Community Health workshop
Farakanra,
for village animators
Raigarh Feb.22-25
alongwith development
of low cost communication
aids.

Participation in workshops:
Development of low cost
1.
canmunication aids.

Hariyana

Aug.5-9

Member- Organ is ati ons .'.vis it 6d:.l?..
1.
Mission Hospital, Bilaspur
Gramin Seva Sanstha . at Pali,
2.
at Bilaspur &
at JaiJaipur

10

Bhujbal,
Raksha

':80

Raksha

'42

Raksha

-

Raksha

by Raj' & Raksha

;By Raj'.Sc Raksha

3.
4.

Gandhi Ashram, Mungeli
Mission Hospital, Mungeli

5.
60

Community Health Centre, Chhapara

By Raj & Raksha
by Raj.’Sc Raksha
.By Raj. & Raksha

Lahar Samaj Sevi Sanstha at Kharsiya
at Champa
at Jaijaipur
Prem Scwa Ashram, Podi

by Raj s. Raksha
by Raksha

8.

Mission Hospital, Champa,

by Raj & Raksha

9.

Weidner Memorial Hospital, Rizda
Catholic Centre, Parsai
Seva Kendra, Panigaon

By Raj & Raksha
by Raj -Sc Raksha
by Raj,'Raksha Sc Pustpa

12.

Catholic Centre, Maiyharonda

13.

Tarun Sanskar, Jabalpur

by Raj 8c Raksha
by Raj' & Raksha

7.

10.
11.

School Health News letter
A booklet on Nukkad Natak - Street play
A leaflet on balanced diet.
A leaflet on calorie measurements of different food stuffs.
Eye examination kit.
REPORT FROM MARCH 1992 to JUNE 1993
Programme
1. Seva Kendra workers
meeting

2

No. of ParResource
ticipants ___ persons

Place

date

Panigr.on

Mar.12-13,
1992

13

Mr.Bhujbal
Ms.Raksha

••

Mar.25-29

26

Ms.Raksha

3. Teacher's Training on
School Health Prog.

Bilaspur

Apr.6-10

150

Raksha &
Mr.Bhujbal

4. Meeting with DFO

Harda

Apr.21

-

Neemuch

May 11-15

50

-do& Dr.Bhatnagar

6. Workshop with forest
guards(Animators Trg.)

Harda

July 26-30

50

Raksha &Lata

7. Animators Training and
School Health Programme
follow up meeting

Jabalpur

Sept.9-16

70

Raksha & Lata

8. School Health Programme
follow-up meeting &
visit to menber orgns.

Bilaspur

Nov.2-10

35

Raksha &
Dr.Sohni

9. NGO's meeting

Bilaspur

Jan.6-8,93

65

Mr.Bhujbal &
Party.

0. Meeting with BM VPS
women

Indore

Feb.12

30

Raksha

Jabalpur
Feb.21-26
Kasturba- Mar.2-4
gram,Indore

48

Raksha

50

-

Exhibition workshop

Panigaon

Mar.14-17

-

L4. Mestiny at Pushpa —
Hcs>ital

Sendhwa

Apr.2-4

Health Animators Trg.

Meeting with Subseti-bers of HCAN

Health Animators Trg.

L2. Women's Health workshop

-do-

Mr.Bhujbal &
Lata
Mr.Bhujbal &
Raksha.

/

TERMS C? REFERENCE FOR M.P. VHA EVALUATION
Terms of reference by Christian Aid; i.e. the information.
(Reference: Mary Convill's letter dated June 3, 1992 to MP VHA).
1.

The evaluation should not analyse and examine things already
known to Christian Aid,i.e. the information through regular
reports, news letters etc.

2.

It should be an independent analysis of hew MP VHA is respond­
ing to the needs of member organisations.

3.

It should include a brief review of who the members are and
what kind of groups they represent.

4.

It should•examine members level of participation in MP VHA
activities.
It should examine the relationship between MP VHA office
and it's members organisations i.e. is their a sense of
ownership, or is it Just a membership ?

5.

6.

It should examine whether MP VHA is making a conscious
efforts of a careful programme strategy for a big state
like M.P.

7.

It should also examine the efforts for the decentralisation
in MP VHA strategy and evaluate its effectiveness.

8.

If MP VHA adopted a strategy of decentralisation then the
evaluation should examine whether MP VHA is dependent more
on its office level resources, or is it using the office
level resources for facilitating networking by members,
mobolising members to make use of each others resources,
co-ordinate with other complimentary organisations, networks,
training groups etc.

9.

It is necessary to analyse the impact of the main programmes
of MP VHA, the mechanism adopted by MP VHA to assess the
impact for its own purpose, and hew this self evaluation
process is being used for re-organising the efforts.

10.

Linking health oriented groups with the Government is one
of the major roles of MP VHA. Therefore it is necessary
to evaluate the effectiveness of campaigning and lobbing
with Government, and also the future role in this area.

11.

The evaluation should necessarily include the resource
management aspect with a special emphasis on the following :

'

i.

What is the effectiveness or otherwise of the
material used by MP VHA ?

ii.

Is MP VHA able to maximise resources by avoiding
duplication of the work and resource investment
carried out by VHAI?

2

i

-212.

The evaluation should look at the MP VHA board, how active,
involved and supportive is it ? How representative of the
membership is it ?

The evaluators, at the request of MP VHA should look into all
areas and issues of its own emphasis. In this it should also
be examined whether MP VHA is paying attention to gender issue 3
14. MP VHA should prioritize areas for evaluation, put together
the terms of reference for evaluation, and allow Christian Aid
to comment upon them before the evaluation proceeds.
13.

15.

The evaluation execersises should be carried out with the
fullest participation of staff, board and members.

16.

Finally, the evaluation should be aimed at suggestions of help­
ful and practical ways forward for MP VHA.

oOo
~

ViIA EVALUATION - Terms of reference by MP VHA.

Goal;
The evaluation should begin with the consideration of the final
goal of MP VHA i.e.
To improve the health status of the people of Madhya Pradesh
through the efforts of voluntary agencies.
The goal should remain a final reference point throughout the
evaluation.

II.

Strategy;
In the view of the final goal of the association the evaluators
should reflect upon the following questions:

III.

i.

Is MP VHA making any effort to prepare a careful strategy ?
if yes, then how effective is the strategy in making a signi­
ficant impact on the health status of nearly 45 million popu­
lation of MP.

ii.

Is the strategy geared for strengthening the member
organisation ? If yes, how ?

iii.

Is the strategy based on decentralisation? if yes, then how
is decentralisation reflected in the strategy ? Also what is
the level to which the strategy proposes to decentralise the
functioning - to the level of member organisations or to the
level of people ?

Programmes:
We expect that the evaluators should examine our programmes in the
view of the following questions:
i. Is there any gap between our goal, strategy and programmes ?
ii. Where does the programme planning begins? Are the programmes
planned in VHAI Office at Delhi and then implemented by MP VHA
...3.

-3through the member organisation ? Ctr, are the programmes planned
with people and then the planning of required assistance is
done at higher levels i.e. member organisations, MP VHA and
then VHAI ?

What
iii.
is the internal mechanism of evaluating the impact of
the programmes ?
IV.

V.

MP VHA Publication and other health education materials:
i.

What is the impact of the health education material on people ?
(not only on member organisations)

ii.

What is the final purpose of the material produced by MP VHA ?
Is it aimed at manipulating people to change their health
practices? Or is it aimed at activating people to prepare
their cwn initiatives for health promotion?

Ra^cgrce management:

i. Is MP VHA totally dependent on its office level resources i.e.
office staff and office finances for promoting health'in the state
ii. Does MP VHA make efforts of mobolising the resources of its
member organisation? if yes, how effective is the progess?
iii.

Is the association assisting its member organisation in moboliaing human power and other resources from the grass root level?
How effective is the process ?

VI. MP VHA

Members:

i. What is the status of member organisations? Are they just members
of the institution called MP VHA which provides them some assista-nee from time to time? Or, does MP VHA exist as an association
in which the members perceive a sense of wonership ?

ii. Are the members just being used to implement VHAI or MP VHA
office level programmes? Or, do the members use MP VHA and
VHAI office to strengthen their cwn network ?
VII. MP VHA board:
i. What is the role of board in MP VHA functioning ?
ii. Do the board members actively participate in MP VHA programmes ?
iii. Does the board represent all types of groups and also all regions
of the state ?

Areas of concern:
i. What are the major areas of MP VHA concern and programmes ?
ii. What is the criteria of prioritising concerns and programmes ?
The staff:
What is the role of staff in planning and implementation of the
programmes? Is the staff being used only to implement the programmes
planned by the Executive Secretary and the Board? Or does the staff
plans programmes and then necessary assistance is given to them
by the Executive Secretary and the Board ?
0O0

0O0

0O0

MP VHA's EFFORTS IN PROMOTING HEALTH

THROUGH
PARTICIPATION IN PEOPLE^ PROGRAMME.

I. Village level treatment of minor ailments through herbal medicines:
Two years ago we called a state level meeting of some 75

traditional practitioners of herbal medicines.

Five national

level experts on traditional system of medicine were also

present as the resource persons.
The purpose of the meeting was not to promote traditional
system of medicines, it would have misled us and would have
kept us engaged in developing different methods of popularising

traditional systems of medicines.

CXir purpose was simply to

prepare some common action plan for providing relief to people
as our minute contribution in elivating their health status.
In the beginning, all the participants prepared a list of the
health problems of their respective areas. Finally, the
list of nearly 32 health problems was prepared. There is
nothing new in it. Even the traditional approach begins with
the assessment of the health needs of people.

The real difference between the traditional and the new approach
begins after assessment of the health problems.

Traditionally,

after the assessment we should have gone into the process

of identifying the causes of the problems, its solutions,
interventions, the detail strategies of undertaking these

interventions, and so on.

Finally we would have ended in

preparing one of those massive community health programmes.
We avoided that temptation. For us, those tribals are not
only machines with some technical faults, they are also

humanbeings involved in the process of solving their health
problems. So our further discussion was centred on their
efforts in solving the health problems. This is the uniqueness
of the new approach.

..2.

-2They informed that of all those 32 health problems they were

unable to do anything for nearly 13-15 health problems.

However,

they were confident that herbal treatment was possible for the

rest.

But they were facing several problems in preparing

medicines for those 15-17 minor ailments.

Then we confined our discussion only to the treatment of those
15-17 minor ailments, and our experts decided;! provide necessary
assistance to them in preparations of those herbal medicines.
Thus, they prepared a guideline for the preparations of 15

herbal medicines.

All the participants agreed that those 15

herbal medicines were useful at village level.
Then according to the plan prepared at the meeting, we conducted

several training programmes in the state and trained over 200

villagers in preparing those medicines.

Later these trained

people conducted training programmes in nearby villages.
received information of sane such programmes.

We

It is our estimate

that today there are atleast 300 villages in the state where
villagers avail a facility of treatment of minor ailments through

herbal medicines.
The second step in this programme was to strengthen these trained

villagers in identifying local medicinal plants.

The programmes

of identification of medicinal plants were also organised at

some places.

One of such a programme was organised at Panigaon of Dewas Dist.
This is a tribal belt of the district.

The programme was organised

for those people who were already trained in preparing herbal
medicines.
During the training, the experts on traditional medicine, and the

villagers went into the nearby forest and identified several

medicinal plants.

There was a discussion on all the plants.

The

information was well documented. The villagers also prepared a
herbarium of the medicinal plants and the herbarium alongwith the
information of each plant, is permanently displayed at Panigaon.

.... 3.

-3Ncw it is left upto the experts on traditional medicines to
innovate more interventions for further strengthening of villagers

in the field of herbal medicines.

This may not be an easy process.

It requires a careful translation of modern knowledge and technology
into simple information and easy techniques.
-0-

II.

IMPROVING HEALTH STATUS

THROUGH
NUTRITION EDUCATION
A Workshop on nutrition education:

During January 1992, MP VHA had called a four day workshop for
Primary School Teachers of Pali block of Bilaspur District.
The purpose of the workshop was to prepare plans to improve

health status of villagers through interventions related to
nutrition education. Nearly 142 teachers were present during
the workshop.
In the beginning it was made clear to all the teachers that
eventhough the workshop was organised with the permission of

education department, they were participating only as educated
representatives of villages, and not as teachers. This means
that whatever they would doing during or after the workshop,
will be in their capacity as responsible representatives of

village community.

Therefore the participation in the workshop

was their own choice and we had also assured them that the
education department would not take any action against them
if they would choose not to participate in the workshop.

It

is against this background that we began the workshop.

Communication Strategy:
We did not have to make any efforts to make our presentation

interesting - no colourful flash cards or posters, no puppets
shows, dramas or story telling. Yet when we concluded the work­
shop at 5.30 p.m. on the first day, the participants insisted

to have an additional session at night and so we continued the
programme till midnight.

We did organise some independent entertainment sessions, but
the purpose was not to make our presentation interesting.

....2.

-2-

The Goal:

During the very first session of the workshop one tribal teacher
stood up and boldly said "Sir nutrition education is not our

major concern in villages.

The majority of our villagers are

leading good healthy life without your modern nutrition edu­
cation, without knowing the names of those vitamins."

"Our major concern", he said, "is the diseases in villages.

We want to reduce these diseases, want to reduce disabilities
and deaths due to diseases.
Instead of wasting your time and
our time in that nutrition education, why not do something
about the real sufferings of our villagers?"
There was much truth in this suggestion of that tribal teacher.
Villagers are neither interested in our nutrition education
nor they are willing to do anything about its promotion in their
villages.

In short,; it is not their programme.

This is the problem; if we claim to do health promotion through
participation in people's programme, how can we give nutrition
education when it is not people's programme ?

It is true that nutrition education is not a people's programme
but improving the health status of their families and their
village communities is certainly a people's programme.

Whenever

people clean their homes and its surrounding, make efforts for

safe drinking water, brush their teeth, take bath, treat people
with home remedies, or take them to the hospitals, they are
involved in the programme of improving their health status.

It is in this people's programme

that nutrition education has

a special place as a necessary intervention, and people are
not aware of it.

Therefore primarily our goal was not to give nutrition education

to people but to make them realise the significance of nutrition
education in their programme of improving health status, and
then give nutrition education as a necessary follow up.

-3-

Objectives:

In the light of the above mentioned goal we had set the
following objectives for the workshop:
1.

To make people aware of the significance of nutrition
education in their programme of improving health status.

2.

To give nutrition education in a manner in which i.
ii.

3.
4.

They would realise their own responsibilities.
They would realise the assistance they require from
Government and from voluntary agencies.

To give guidelines for planning the programme.
To allow the participants to prepare their own action
plans in which -

i.

firstly they would prepare a plan of their own

initiatives in the view of their own resources,
abilities and potentials.
ii. secondly they would prepare a plan of a systematic
assistance to their initiatives.
The workshop was conducted to fullfill the above mentioned

objectives. The foilwing is a brief description of our
presentation.

Definition of health status:

First of all it is important to know what we mean by the health

status. If we say village Rampur is healthier than village
Sitapur then obviously we mean that at Rampur there are less
diseases, deaths and disabilities than at Sitapur.

Without

going into any further details we can say that diseases, deaths

and dissabilities are the three major parameters of measuring
the health status of any village.

Causes of Diseases; External and Internal:
We can measure the health status by diseases, deaths, and

disabilities but we know that deaths and disabilities are
caused by diseases. So if we decrease diseases we will be
able to improve the health status of people.

For this, it

is necessary to examine the causes of diseases.
Most of us are aware of so many causes of diseases ... polluted

air, contaminated water and food, mosquito bites, unhygenic
life style etc. But it is very important to know that we do
not necessarily suffer' from malaria after a bite by an infected

mosquito. If this was the case, then by this time all^the
population of India would have been wiped out. Also all these
who drink contaminated wateis do not necessarily fall sick.

This means that apart from the external causative agents of
diseases, there are some internal factors, which influence of
health.

And one of them is the nutritional status of person.

If a person is weak then there are more chances of him falling

sick than a healthy person.

Also the effects of sickness on

a weak child are often more than on a healthy child.

However

this should only be taken as a norm and not as a rule.



The Importance of Nutrition Education:
For improving the health status of vour village, it is very
important that the village environment should be clean, they
should get safe drinking water, etc. Since health is also
related to educational and economic status, attempt should be
made to elivate educational and economic status of villagers.
But it will take several years,should then our children suffer
untill we convert of present villages into those ideal villages ?
What we can do at present in the given situation ?
In comming few years we may not be able to create ideal healthy
environment in our village, we may not be able to improve educa­
tional and economic status of villagers, but atleast we can
identify those weak children and take a special care of those
children.

This is certainly possible at any village with little -

training, devotion and efforts.

...5.

-5The tasks before the villagers:
In the light cf all the above discussion we can conclude that
primarily villagers will have to perform the following tasks:
1.

To identify weak children.

2.
3.

To take care of those weak children at village level.
To refer some extremely weak children to hospitals

4.

in time.
To educate villagers for improving nutritional status
of expecting mothers and under five children.

The Role of Government or Voluntary Health Agencies;
1.

To enlighten the villagers regarding the importance of
nutrition in their efforts to elivate the health status of
their village, and also to make them aware of the expected
tasks in it.

2.

If the villagers are willing to perform those tasks at village
level then the government and voluntary agencies should assist
villagers in training some selected villagers in performing
those tasks.

The objectives of such a training is to equip

villagers with knowledge and skills related to nutrition.

This means that :
i.

Villagers should have some knowledge of balanced diet,

different nutritional deficiences, special care related
to those nutritional deficiences.
ii.

iii.

The villagers should be skilled in identifying different
types of nutritional deficiences, they should also be
skilled in identifying those cases of nutritional
deficiences, which require special hospital care.

The villagers should be skilled in giving nutrition

education in community.

They will have to be trained

to use their own methods of communication in giving

nutrition education.
6.

-6-

3.

4.

The government and the voluntary agencies should be
equipped to take a medical care of the patients refered
by the villagers.

The Government and the voluntary agencies should keep a
proper record of nutritional deficiencies and keep

villagers informed about the causes of the nutritional
deficiencies in their respective villages.

In this respect they should also provide guidance to the
villagers regarding the necessary steps that the villagers
should take in dealing with their local nutritional problem.
Nutrition Education:

After clearly explaining the importance of nutrition education/
the role of villagers and the role of voluntary agencies the
participants made a demand for nutrition education and for the
skills in identifying cases of nutritional deficiencies.
As per their demand the nutrition education was given to the

participants in the following order of presentation. Here this
order of presentation is very important because every step is

a participation in their priorities:



1. Different types of nutritional disorders and diseases.

2.

Signs and symptoms of each type of nutritional disorders.

3.

Signs and symptoms of cases to be referred to hospital.

4.

Special care cf children in each case of nutritional
deficiency.

5.

Concept of balanced diet and how to plan balanced diet
in available food items.

Village Level Planning:

After all the presentation on nutrition education and the skills
associated with it we reminded the villagers and following
expected tasks to be performed in each village:
1. Identification of the cases of nutritional deficiencies

2.

Special care of the identified cases.

3.

Identification of cases to be referred to hospitals'^
Nutritional awareness at village level.

4.

.. .7.

-7We categorically informed the participants that explaining the

task was our limit. It was not possible for us to give guidance
to them on planning village level activities to fullfill those
tasks.

For example, it was not possible for us as to which

procedure they should adopt to identify children. Should it be
done by some formal survey, or should it be done by a casual

home visits? Would the identification be done by different
persons in different parts of village? or should it be done by
only one person in all village.
The participants agreed with us that it would not be possible

for us to plan activities in their villages.

They also agreed

that since socio-cultural structure and leadership pattern in
each village is different, village level planning would have

to be done by the villages seperately.
The participants then prepared their own action plans.

Since

those plans were prepared by the persons who were going to

implement the plans, it was not possible for us to question the
feasibility of those plans. However this does not mean that
the plans prepared by them were perfect, it only means that

they were convinced about the feasibility of those plans. These
plans certainly require some modification during actual implemen­

tation.
Follcw-up of the workshop:
1. A news letter:
While the participants are in the workshop they feel inspired

to do something at village level. This enthusiasm is often
temperory because it is product of the social environment
created at the workshop. When the participants return to
their respective villages, they face an adverse environment.
It is the environment in which no one is interested in doing
anything for the health promotion of village. In such situation
a participant feels lonly and his lonliness may lead to
non-action.
.. .8.

-8With the consideration of the above situation, we had requested

the participants to send a detail news of their efforts to us.
So we received several letters from the participants of the
workshop regarding their activities and plans.

We publish

those activities in the news letter.
The news letter is in Hindi and looks like a small news paper.
This
is deliberate, because the villagers give a great

importance to the news published in the news paper.

This news paper is a great help to these village level volunteer.
The news paper establishes his identify as a part of large state
level group involved in health promotion at village level.
i-i.

Assistance by the local Voluntary Organisations:

In some way this has been our draw back.

So far the voluntary

agencies had always adopted a policy of seeking people's assista­
nces in their programmes but they are not aware of the strategy
when people seek their assistance.
However it is encouraging that some of our member organisation

are providing systematic assistance to the initiatives taken by

the village level volunteers.

iii.

Personal visits and letters:
Some of these village level volunteers seek assistance through
the letters. In most cases their demands are related to health
education material. For this purpose we have established an

information cell in the office and send necessary information to
them. If the large number of volunteers demand same information
then we publish such information in our news letters and in

•health mirrors.'
Sometimes we also visit our village level volunteers in their

respective villages. Such visits are not always possible for
us but the representatives of loiZal voluntary organisations
visit them often.
....9.

.'Follow-up Workshop;

We have planned to conduct a follow-up workshop for these
volunteers in September 1992.

The purpose of the workshop

is to evaluate the work done so far, to provide more in­
formation, to help them to plan their activities more
systematically, and to help them to organise resources

from outside i.e. from Government and voluntary agencies.
Such workshops were held at Kundum block of Jabalpur,
at Chappara block of Seoni and at Panigaon of Dewas District.

ANNUAL REPORT Q? THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
FOR THE YEAR 1992-93.
Daring the last Annual General Body Meeting the
General Body MP VHA passed a resolution to adopt a very specific
approach of development, and of health care. According to the
decision, the General Body had directed this office to promote
the new health care approach among the Government and the voluntary
Agencies of the state, produce literature, models etc. Therefore
the efforts were made by the office to follow the directives of
General Body and here is a brief report of the initiatives of
MP VHA in that direction.

In this presentation, firstly I would like to present an overview
of the new approach and then the description of the activities
to promote the approach in the state.
AN OVERVIEW CF THE APPROACH
The final goal of this association is to improve the health
status of nearly 7 million population of the state. However
the members of this association realised that there can be no
significant change in the health status of this vast population
of the state either by the present health infrastructure of
government , nor by the efforts of around 200 to 300 voluntary
agencies which cover less than 3 lac population.

This is evident from the fact that despite of all the efforts of
the government and of the voluntary agencies we are witnessing
almost a steep rise in infant mortality; during 1990 the infant
mortality i.e. the deaths of under one year children per 1000
live births was 110, but it increased to 122 by the year 1992
and there are indications that it must have reached 130 by the
middle of 1993.
Why did our health system failed?
There are two distinct point of views. The views are almost diame­
trically opposite. The first is the Government’s point of view and
the second, the people's point of views. The Government's point
of view is discussed in several workshops and seminar, but we
hardly hear anything about people's point of view.
Government's point of view;
According to the health planners of the Government and of the
voluntary health agencies, the major cause of the failure is the
lack of people's participation. They argue that their health
plans are systematic and scientific, but these plans fail at the
level of implementation when people refuse to participate in
those systematic health programmes.

....2.

-2People's point of view:

Viewed from people's point of view, the situation is very different.
Less than 5% people ever depend on the health services of the
Government or of the voluntary agencies. But this does not mean
that people do not do;anything to improve their health status.
Whenever a child falls sick in any village people do not wait for
any assistance either from the Government or from the voluntary
agencies. They collect information from any possible reliable
source, try home remedies, attempt treatment by local medical
practitioners and if all of it fail, they admit the patient in
some highly sophisticated nursing home of urban areas. This is
people's health care system, and despite of its all short comings,
the system is fully sustained by people.
Two systems:
There are two systems; health care by government and second,
the health care by people. Health care by the government means a
movement by government and people are expected to participate
in it. The other alternative is to focus on people's efforts and
provide necessary assistance to people in their efforts to improve
their health status. Thia is an alternative health care strategy
and is adopted by MP VHA as its policy.

The alternative health system:
Eventhough people often make all out efforts for treatment, and
eventhough they spend a large sum of money on doctors, medicines
and on hospitalisation, the net outcome is far from satisfactory.
People's health care system also failed and the major cause of it
is the ever-widening gap between "what people do" and "what they
ought to do." for example, in case of new born 'under weight child',
people make all possible efforts to save the child when it becomes
sick. This is "what they do" and "what they ought to do", is to
take care of the child while the child is in mothers womb.
The role of health agencies:

Peoples effort fail because there is a gap between "what they do"
and "what they ought to do" therefore the role of Government and of
Voluntary health agencies is to assist people in bridging the "gap"
and this assistance is to be provided on the following different
levels:

i.

Health awareness:
Here health awareness means making people' realise the
gap between their present efforts of improving their
health status and the efforts which they ought to
make. Health can never become peoples movement unless
people realise this gap.

.. ..3.

—3—
ii.

Assistance in health planning:
Once people realise the gap between "what they do" and
"what they ought to do", then such a realisation creates
a desire to bridge the gap, and it requires a systematic
planning. Such a planning is a highly technical process
and therefore the health agencies will have to provide
health planning assistance to people in a manner in
which people will understand the process.

iii.

Service assistance!

People can not translate their health plans into action
programmes unless they get an assurance of service
assistance which is beyond their abilities, or the
services which require soma higher level medical or
health care skills and knowledge. For example, it is
the responsibility of the health agencies to make
necessary arrangement for immunisation, provision of
safe delivery, treatment for referred cases, Antenatal
care, Postnatal care etc.
iv.

Assistance in evaluation & monitoring!

i

In this approach the health care programme is basically
people’s programme and therefore the real honest evalua­
tion and monitoring of the programme can only be done by
people because it is people who suffer if programme
fails, and benefit if the programme is successful.

The role of the government and voluntary agencies is to
empower people to monitor and evaluate their health
programme.
MP

VHA

PROGRAMMES

I. Health Awareness by Information Assistance:
In any remote village whenever someone falls sick the villagers
are confronted with many questions; what is the sickness ?
is it serious ? can it be cured by some home remedies ? if yes
what are those home remedies ? should the patient be taken to
a hospital ? which hospital ? how much will it cost ? and so on
The villagers then seek guidance of some elderly knewledgebale
and reliable persons. These people are their channels of
information, this is people's health information system.
We have made an attempt to replace people's advoc health infor­
mation system by a systematic arrangement called "village level
information cells." So far, we established nearly 35 village
level information cells in different parts of the state. The
cells are being run by villagers under the guidance of local
member organisation of MP VHA. Now the government is also
seeking assistance of MP VHA in establishing such information
cells.
....4.

-4-

The organisations willing to establish information cells in the
villages or communities of their project areas, ask villagers to
select literate village level volunteers. These volunteers are
then trained to establish information cells in their villages.
They are provided with a small kit which includes some health
information material and small books relevant to the health
problems of community.

The objectives of the information training programmes are to equip
village level volunteers to assess the health care needs of
people, to identify sources of information, to collect information
material, to select the relevant material, to classify the obtained
material in categories which are meaningful to villagers, to
disseminate the information even to the illiterate members of
community etc. This is a four days training and is followed by
re-orientation programmes.

The village level volunteers are provided with a proforma to
register health information needs of people. They can make
demand for information from government, voluntary agencies or
from MP VHA. In order to establish a due credibility to their
demands, MP VHA has printed letter heads titled “Village Infor­
mation Cell" and at the bottom it is mentioned that the programme
is supported by MP VHA and UNICEF.

The volunteers are also trained to monitor and evaluate their
information programme.
At present the programme is being sponsored by UNICEF and
Christian Aid. During the comming year we are planning to extend
the programme in different parts of the state.

Information assistance through literature*

i. Health Mirrors*
In the view of the health Information demands of people
we prepare health education material in different subjects.
Most of it is circulated among the member organisation
in the form of "Health Mirrors."
Health Mirrors are published once in two months on
various subjects like, dysentry, eye care, tooth care etc.

-5-

i i. Village Level Health News Letter:
Since the activities of the association are going on in
several villages of the state, the news of all these
activities are shared by all the members through a Hindi
news letter titled "GRAMIN SWASTHYA SAMACHAR PATRA."
At present nearly 2000 copies of this bimonthly paper
are circulated in and out of the state.

The news letter also includes health education material
on various subjects.
iii. Information for Voluntary Organisations:
The member organisations make some specific information
demands and these demands are fulfilled by our informa­
tion centre and whenever the information is not available
with us we refer it to VHAI information centre.

iv.

Health Education Material:

)

In the view of the present approach, now we are in the
process of preparing some health education material which
will be made available in the form of a kit.

So far the education material on care of under one year
children has been prepared.
Promotion of Traditional System of Medicine:

Nearly 25% population of the state is tribal and hence is dependent
mainly upon herbal medicines for health care. Our effort is to
provide assistance to tribals in improving their health status
through herbal medicines.
We had Igegin our efforts with the assessement of the health
problems of tribals and the efforts they make to deal with it
through herbal medicines. After a systematic assessement, we
called a meeting of some tribals from all parts of the state to
discuss the future strategy of action plan. During the meeting,
which was attended by nearly 75 practitioners of herbal medicines,
the participants prepared a list of nearly 30 health problems and
also informed about the solutions of those problems through herbal
medicines.

However the tribals identified two major areas in which they
needed assistance of MP VHA and its member organisations:
1, Assistance in preparations of herbal medicines:
The tribals requested for assistance in preparations of herbal
medicines, atleast for common ailments. Therefore we prepared
a list of some common ailments, and our experts spent considera-ble time in finalising some simple herbal preparations for the
tribals in M.P.

6.

-6-

As a programme we train village level traditional practitioners
in preparing 15 herbal medicines. Several training programmes
were conducted.

Then we decided to train the trainers in 8 tribal district of
the state. So far 20 trainers were trained and juore these
trainers conduct training programmes in their respective areas.

2. Assistance in identification and use of local medicinal plants;
The second problem of the tribal is related to the identifica­
tion of medicinal plants. They felt that even though there are
several medicinal plants in their forests, they know only
few of them and also their knowledge regarding its use is very
limited.

There-fore, in a second phase of the programme MP VHA included
identification and use of the medicinal plants. Training prog­
rammes on this aspect are being organised in different parts
of the state.
During the programme,local traditional practitioners and MPVHA
experts conduct a tour programme of the local forests.' They
collect all possible medicinal plants from forest. The plants
are then brought to one place. After a proper classification
of all the plants, each plant is taken up for study. The plant
is exhibited before all the participants. They share their
knowledge regarding the use of the plant. Experts also share
their knowledge regarding the plant. Then after a due discu­
ssion all the information regarding the plant is well documented
and is properly attached with herbarium of those medicinal
plants. The information is then made available to anyone.

Last year,it was decided that experts would prepare a list of
only 25-30 medicinal plants of prime importance, and future
orientation programmes would be focused mainly on identification
of these medicinal plants.
Follow-up;

There is a systematic follow-up of the programme. Villagers
write letters to MP VHA regarding the usefulness of herbal
preparations, they identify the problems. The problems are
then referred to the consultants on traditional medicine.

Alongwith the Voluntary Agencies, Government forest department
has shown keen interest in the programme and several programmes
are being held in collaboration with the forest department.

7.

-7Orientation programmes on health planning;
As per the resolution of the last AGM, MP VHA office was assigned
a responsibility of making the Government and Voluntary Health
Agencies aware of MP VHA approach,and the health planning based
on the approach.. In a response this office made some efforts of
organising the orientation programmes for the health agencies at
various levels.

Orientation for the Government Agencies;

We felt that it was necessary to make the highest Government
Health functionaries aware of the alternative approach recommended
by MP VHA. Therefore MP VHA Executive Secretary presented the appro­
ach before the Government health functionaries in lectures at
Bhopal during ' March and April 1993. The lectures were held at the
Academy of Administration and were arranged by the Government
agency. The health secretary, Joint Director of health services
and other high level officials were present during the lectures.

We also focused our attention on the voluntary agencies and
organised a three days orientation programme for the voluntary
agencies of Bilaspur region. Nearly 40 representatives of
different voluntary agencies were present during the programme.
CKFAM regional Director Mr.Anil Shidore and representatives of
other donor agencies like CASA and World Vision were also present
during the meeting.
However the presence of the regional Director of UNICEF Dr.Kulkarni
during the meeting was very fruitful. In his lecture he endorsed
the efforts of MP VHA and admitted that new health care approach
'
Unicef cdn be the on^ possible alternative strategy of health care.
’has^planned The meeting established closer contacts of voluntary agencies with Unito v
/conduct four regional meetings for the voluntary agencies in the
state in collaboration with Federation of Voluntary agencies.

Senior consultant of the Planning Commission of India Dr.Mathur
came from Delhi to participate in the orientation programme. In
his presentation Dr.Mathur described it as the health care approach
which is qpnsistant with the new economic policy of India. He
assured the support of planning commission in promoting the new
appraoch in the state.
A similar orientation programme was organised for .the voluntary
agencies of Chhindwara District of MP. Nearly 30-35 participants
of some grass root level organisations were present during the
meeting. As a follow-up of the programme some local agencies of
Chhindwara District have already initiated health care efforts on
the approach.

.,..8.

-8A three days orientation programme for Catholic Priests was held
at Catholic Seminary at Ashta near Bhopal, Nearly 100 priests
participated in the orientation programme. The programme was cond-ucted by MP VHA Secretary Fr.Pradeep Cherian and Executive Secretary
Mr.Raj Bhujbal, During the programme Fr.Cherian presented the
approach as a process of humanisation.

Some other programmes on the subject were also held at
different places in the State,
Health Care model on new approach;
Recently MP VHA, in collaboration with the District Administration
of Indore launched^a health care project covering 20,000 rural
population of Indore District.
Eventhough the programme was started only in May 1993, it gained
wide publicity through news papers. The leading news papers desc­
ribed the attempt as entirely new approach. In a public meeting
Deputy Director of Panchayat explained it as a “Health Care System
of Panchayati Raj" and the District Collector of Indore saw it
as the reversal of the former system. He said that "in this
system the entire responsibility of health promotion is with
village leaders i.e. Panchayat^and the role of Government Health
Agency is only to provide necessary assistance to the villagers
in their efforts," The Chief Editor of national level news
paper Hindustan Times visited the project . villages. He
encouraged the village leaders for their efforts and suggested
that the approach should not be only confined to the health care
but should also be extended to all other aspects of development.

Now the Government is making efforts to apply the same health
care approach in urban areas. Overseas Development Authority
selected several slums of Indore for the experient. The programme
is now launched. O.D.A. requested MP VHA guidance in their efforts.
The other major Government Agency,Narmada Valley DevelopmentNVDA)
is also planning development of the oustees of sardar Sarovar Dam
on the same approach.

Models of Unifocused Programme:
i. Eye care Project: .

MP VHA has also launched a District level eye care programme as
a model of unifocused programme based on the new approach. The
programme is basically implemented by the Indore District
Administration while the planning is controlled from MP VHA
office.

9

-9The project will cover nearly 8 lac rural and 10 lac urban popula­
tion of the District. The Government appointed three persons for
the project. At present they work in MP VHA office but soon the
office will be shifted.

As per the plan Panchayat Department sent circulars to all Panchayats
for selecting one volunteer per 1000 population. We are expecting
a list of 1800 volunteers from villages. These volunteers will be
trained to identify referral cases and then the referred cases will
be examined by the Government Cpthelmic Assistants and Opthelmologists
Further planning of the eye care programme will depend on the over­
all assessement of eye problems.

Each District of the state has sufficient funds for District Eye Care
programme and therefore it is possible to initiate such efforts in
all Districts of MP.
ii. School Health Programme;

A District level School Health Programme covering a nearly
3,50,000 students is launched by the District Administration
in collaboration with MP VHA. Health education and medical
check-up of students are two major aspects of the programme.
For this we are planning to train nearly 8,000 school teachers.
The teachers will be trained to give health education and also
to identify students with health problems and refer therj for
medical check-up.

Initial planning of the programme was completed during the
month of May and June 1992.

Our school health programmes are also going on in Bilaspur,
Jabalpur, Seoni and Dewas Districts. These programmes cover
more than 200 schools of the area.
ADMINISTRATION



Two more programme officers were appointed during the last year.
Dr.Sohani is looking after the promotion of Traditional Medicine
and Miss Lata Pillai is responsible for the programmes like health
planning and production of health education material.

Finances;

Christian Aid is our major donor agency, and we are greatful to
them for their continuing support to our efforts. We also get
some financial assistance from UNICEF, Government of India and DOM CC

10.

-10However it must be noted it was not possible for us to undertake
all these activities within the limits of direct financial
assistance to us by above mentioned donars, because'our actual
expenses are far more than the financial assistance we get. It
was possible only because voluntary and government agencies shared
the expenses of our programmes without giving finances to us.

Governing Body:
We are specially gratefull to the members of Governing Body for
their active participation in MP VHA activities. Sane of the
members demonstrated MP VHA approach in their respective
programmes and also
conducted several programmes.

Office Staff:

A sudden increase in MP VHA activities put an extra worklpad on
small staff of this office, yet the staff fullfilled the Work
to the satisfaction of this office and therefore we express our
deep sense of gratitude for their immense contribution.

With best wishes,

Raj Bhujbal,
Executive Secretary.

aj/-

Programme from May 1992 to June 1993
S.NO.

Place

Date

Workshop on

No .of Participents

1.

Jeevan Jyoti

•Jun

30

25

Orientation Programmeon the approach of
people's Participatio

2.

Harda Dist.
Hoshangabad

July 27-29

50

Nutrition Education

Poona

Aug.1 2-4

3.

Meeting vath the
principal of Ujjain
Biblical Seminary.

4.’

Indore

August

30

Community Health
training through

National open School.
5.>

Catholic Seminary
Aug. 8-10
Ashta

40

Workshop on approach

6.

Jabalpur

Sppt. 10-12

37

School health.1

7.1

Jabalpur

Sept. 13-15

48

Communication.1

8.'

Village Barwani
Vikas Khand Rahtgaon

Distt. Hoshangabad

9.'

70
Village covered
3Q

Identification of
Herbal Plants.1

Pushpakunja Hospital
Kasturba gram, Indore

Oct.1 19-:23
60
Village covered

School health and
communication

// 2//
S.NO.

Place

10•'

Sewa- Kendra
Panigaon

Distt. Dewas

11.’

No. of Participents

Oct. 28-31

32

Nov. 4-7

41

Nov.’ 4-7

24

Village covered 30

Workshop

Fif teen
medicine
preparation.

Block-Pali

Distt.Bila spur
12.

Date

School Health

P.O.Pali

Distt.Bilaspur

18

Preparation
Herbal Medici

13.

Distt.Bilaspur

Nov.' -1-8

Visits to
Rizda,
BlL.Home
Champa
Jairam Nagar.

14.'

P.O.Pohri
Di stt.Gwalior

Nov.- 22-24

40

10

Preparation
Herbal
medicine.-

15.

P.O.Mohana

Distt Gwalior

Dec. 15-17

14

Preparation
Herbal Medi­
cine.

1993
16.'

Bila spur
Het el Chandrika

Jan. 6-8

65

Participation

of people's

Programme.
...3/-

M 3 //
S.NO.

Place

17.'

Mission Hospital

Date

Nolof
participent

village>
covered1

workshop

55

33

Preparation of

Jan-11-13

H.l Medicine.!

Compound CHHAPRA
Distt.< Seoni

$
18 .<

Jhabua

J an-16.18

19.’

Helhi

Feb. 1-4

25

women's Health.'

Executive Secratc
visit to vmi

20.1

R.K.U.M.S. Akaltara
Distt.Bilaspur

Feb-4-6

21.

Mandies war
West- Nimar

Feb- 10

22.<

Sewa Kendra

Feb- 15-17

55

8College

Preparation of

3Schools

Herbal Medicine.

X

Visit.

Exhibition

40

Panigaon
23.1

Delhi

Delhi Visit by

Feb.' 22-26

Executive Sec.

Feb- 23-25

24.<

Jasalpur

25.'

Govt.Vivekanand
College Manindergarh

Feb.23-25

Kasturbagram

35

8

Preparation of
H. medicine.

Distt. Surguja
26.

School health

35

March 1-4

Women's Health.’ ,

Indore.'

....4/-

// 4 //
S.NO.

Place

27.

Mandi eswar

Date

No .of

Village
covered

March 7

Work Shop

Meeting with
Jan Chetna Mu.:

West - Nimar

(Dr. Sohni)

28.

Sewa Kendra
Panigaon

March 15-17

45

Information a;

Documentation.

Di st. Dewas
29.

Datta Mandir

March 15-17

33

15

Trainer’s
training

Mandieswar

West- Nimar
30.

Bhopal

torch 27-29

31.

Panchyat Bhavan

March 26-28

Meeting on
alternative
health progra:
attended by
Executive Sec,

28

15

Prepa ration

Health medicir

Farkanara Distt.'

1

Raigarh
32.

M.P.V.H.A.Indore

Meeting with

March 29-31

Dr. Manjnnath
and Dr. Kha re
33.5

Sendhwa

April 3-5

34.

Gwalior

April 7

35.

Bhopal

April 8

36.

I S S R D
Shahpur DistiBetul

April 12-14

Plan on
Arunima.'

45

Khoj meeting
Danida meeting
24

10

Preparation of

H.medicine
5/-

// 5 //

S.NO.

37.1

38 .»

Place

Date

Noof Parti
cipents

Parad Singha

XJ&XXXX3XO

U4X

Distt.Chhindwara

April 15-18

65

Rest House Manpur

April 28-30

15

Village
covered

Health planing for
chhindwara.
idea 1 xkx wuscJiEXa®.

7

Forest Dept.Manpur

Preparation of

Herbal medicine.*

Range, Indore.’
39.

Rest House Choral

April 28-30

10

7

Preparation of H.

medicine.

Forest Dept.Choral

Range- Indore.'
40.

Gramonati Sansthan

Orientation workshop ’

May 3-7

on Health education.

Mahoba Dist.Hamirpur
U.P:
41

Annpurna Asharain

May 16-19

37

18

42.'

Tarun Sanskar

Preparation of Herba
medicine.*

Padaria Dist.Jabalpur

Meeting by UNICH1.

May 16-18

Dist..Jabalpur
43.1

Forest Dept.i

May 12-14

30

4

Preparation of
Herbal medicine

Daulatpur Distt.*
Dewas.
44,

Agriculture Dept.

May

15

7

Udainagar Distt.i
Dewas.
45.’

Catholic Church
Parsahi Distt.
Bila spur.

Preparation of
Health medicine

June 13-15

65

17

Preparation of
Health medicine.’

M.P. VHA Policy

&
Programnes for the year 1992 - 93
I. Policy:
1. A resolution:

The association should make all possible efforts to
promote human development approach based on the strategy
of "participation in people's programmes." This was resolved
during the Annual General Body Meeting of the Association
held at Pachmarhi on June 6,1992. The body prepared a list
of the following recommendations which now constitutes the
policy of the association in improving the health status of
people as its specific, and overall human development as it’s
general goal.

In the view of the above resolution, the board also directed
this office to plan the programmes in accordance with the
policy and recommendations of the Annual General Body.
2. Assumptions;
Basically the association believes that there are two appro­
aches of human development. The first, or the present approac’
ire-supposes that the basic problems of man i.e. hunger,
diseases, lack of adequate shelter and clothing etc. can be
solved by empowering people through economic growth and tech­
nological progress. In the process, the government and
voluntary agencies planned and initiated several developmen­
tal programmes on all fronts-in health, education, agriculture,
environment protection etc.

However, despite of sincere commitments and modern scientific
strategies, the government and the voluntary agencies failed
to secure people's participation, and this led to the overall
failure of the programmes.
Moreover whatever economic growth and technological progress was
achieved even without people's participation has now become a major
cause of our concern. The so-called development is now leading us
to a path of self destruction; irresponsible industrial growth
created problems of pollution, migration of villagers to cities,
electrification and other technological progress enabled man to
exploit valuable natural resources like water, huge darns are being
constructed at the cost & mass scale deforstation and mercyless
evacuation of people, and the advancement in medical technology
flooded our markets with non-essential and hazardous drugs. It
also enabled people selective killings of female fetus in mother's
womb.

The development approach which is based on the strategy of
"participation in people's programmes" ensure economic grcwch and
technological progress but this is necessarily associated with
....2.

-2-

elivation of human values in societyi

In fact# in this approach

economic growth and technological progress is not possible without

elivating human values in society, because in this approach people
are forced to feel their problems, to think rationally about the
problems, prepare plans, and then to implement it according to those
plans. Thus people prepare their own programmes and the' role of

the government and voluntary agencies is to assist them in‘their
programmes at all levels i.e. in feeling, thinking and actions.
In this sence the process of participation in people’s programme
is a process of humanisation.
M.P. VHA PROGRAMMES

Objectives:
I. Awareness;

1. To make voluntary agencies aware of the shortcomings of
the present programme oriented approach.

2. To make the voluntary agencies aware of the alternative
development approach based on the strategy of "participation
in people's programme."
II.

Assistance:
1. To provide necessary assistance to the agencies which will
make efforts of initiating the programmes based on the new
approach. This assistance can be given in the following
various ways:

i.
ii.
iii.

assistance in planning
assistance in manpower training
assistance in resource material and resource persons.

Programmes:
I. Awareness Programmes:
Voluntary agencies in the state can be made aware of the new
approach in various ways, but it can be done more effectively by
i. visiting the member organisations.
ii . circulating publications on the approach.
iii. organising orientation programmes for different types
of voluntary agencies in the state.
iv. establishing some model programmes on the approach.
.. .3.

-3-

Assistance programmes;
The voluntary agencies willing to initiate their programmes will
require assistance in the following areas;

i.

assistance in planning the programmes.

ii.

assistance in manpower training.

iii.

assistance in resource material and resource persons.

*

Programme strategy;
1. Classification of the voluntary agencies;

Madhya Pradesh is a vast state and there are several types of
organisations in different parts of the state.

Though all the

organisations are ultimately making efforts of human development,

there are differences in their socio-cultural, and religious back­

grounds, their ideologies, concerns and areas of emphasis are
different.

In order to give due respect to the identify of all the organisa­

tions, this association will have to make a careful catagorisation
of the organisations and develop a strategy of awareness and
assistance progranrnes relevant to all the different organisations

in the state. For example, our programme strategies for catholic
organisations will have to be different than the strategies for
social action groups. For this, it is necessary to make cata­

gorisation in the agencies operating in Madhya Pradesh.

Broadly speaking, the agencies in the state can be classified in

the following manner;

i.

T^e agencies in the state can be classified in the following

major categories;

VCLUCT.XRY AGENCIES IN THE STATE

Social A^ion groups

Cathol^ Organisations

1. Issues based
1. Resource centres
organisations
like Narmada,
2. Hospitals in urban
Bhopal gas tragedy.
areas.

3. Hospitals in rural
areas.
2. Demand generation.
■ groups.

Protestant^Organisations

1. Hospitals

1. Resource Centres

2. Hospitals with
Community health
Centre.

2. Hospitals

4. Resource organisa­
tions.

5. Community health
centres with dispen­
saries.

5. Centres with uni­
focused activities
like leprosy, eye etc.

6. Social action groups.

3. Hospitals with community
health centres.

3. Community health
centres.

4. Hospitals with
community health
centres.

7. Centres with unifo­
cused activities like
leprosy, eye problems
et.

Other organisations

4. Centres for develop­
ment activities.

PROGRAMMES CF MP VHA UPTO DECEMBER 1992.
I.

Awareness Programme:
1. Preparation of distribution material:
We can plan to prepare the distribution material on the
approach before December 1992. This will include:

i. Basic principles of the approach.
ii.
iii.

Methodology of its implementation.
Case studies of some model programmes.

,
iv.
Techniques of undertaking specific interventions
related to health.

2. Orientation Programmes:

Some orientation programmes on the approach were held since
last two months. We intend to organise two workshops on
the approach before December 1992.

i. A workshop for social action groups.
ii.

A workshop for the organisations involved in community
health work.

-0-

Programme from August to December
1. August 24 - 26

: Proposed dates for nutition workshop
with ODA (ANMs).

2. September 9-15

: Workshop on low cost communication aid
and school health workshop with
government teachers at Jabalpur.

3. September 21-23

: Harda - Workshop on identification of
herbal plants.

4. September 26-20

: Proposed dates for school health
workshop with government teachers at
Dewas district.

5. October 7-8

: Proposed dates for Damoh visit.

6. October 15-17

: Proposed dates for school health workshop
with government teachers at Jhabua Dist.

7. November 16-22

; 1. School Health Workshop with government
teachers at Bilaspur.

2. Workshop on preparation of herbal
medicines for old government teachers
at Bilaspur.
3. Follow-up meeting with old governmentteachers.
8. December 1-4

-

: 1. School health workshop at Lakhnadon.
2. Preparation ofi herbal medicines,
follcw-up meeting with government
teachers.

3 'B.S.M. Training programme before Becember,

CASE STUDIES CF EXPERIMENTS

IN

DEVELOPMENT THROUGH
•'PARTICIPATION IN PEOPLE’S PROGRAMME

BY
Raj Bhujbal
Executive Secretary
MP Voluntary Health Association
Indore.

CONTENTS

I. MP VHA's efforts in promoting health through
"Participation in People's Programme."

i. Village level treatment of minor ailments
through herbal medicines.

ii. Improving health status through
nutrition education.
iii.

II.

Introduction of eye testing at village level,

Two programmes of Bilaspur Experiments by
"Gramin Seva Sanstha."

i. People's effort in Goitre Control.

ii. People's effort in Horticulture development.

III.

An overview of comprehensive development at
Panigaon by "Seva Kendra."

IV.

An Experiment by the Forest Department at Harda.

MP VHA's EFFORTS IN PROMOTING HEALTH
THROUGH
PARTICIPATION-IN PEOPLE *3 PROGRAMME.

1 • Visage level treatment of minor ailments through herbal medicines
Two years ago we called a state level meeting of some 75
traditional practitioners of herbal medicines.

Five national

level experts on traditional system of medicine were also
present as the resource persons.
The purpose of the meeting was not to promote traditional

system of medicines, it would have misled us and would have
kept us engaged in developing different methods of popularising

traditional systems of medicines.

Our purpose was simply to

prepare some common action plan for providing relief ,to people

as our minute contribution in elivating their health status.

In the beginning, all the participants prepared a list of the

health problems of their respective areas. Finally, the
list of nearly 32 health problems was prepared. There is
nothing new in it. Even the traditional approach begins with
the assessment of the health needs of people.
The real difference between the traditional and the new approach

begins after assessment of the health problems.

Traditionally,

after the assessment we should have gone into the process
of identifying the causes of the problems, its solutions,

interventions, the detail strategies of undertaking these
interventions, and so on. Finally we would have ended in
preparing one of those massive community health programmes.

We avoided that temptation. For us, those tribals are not
only machines with some technical faults, they are also
humanbeings involved in the process of solving their health
problems. So our further discussion was centred on their
efforts in solving.the health problems. This is the uniqueness
of the new approach.
..2.

-2They informed that of all those 32 health problems they were

unable to do anything for nearly 13-15 health problems. However,
they were confident that herbal treatment was possible for the
rest. But they were facing several problems in preparing
medicines for those 15-17 minor ailments.

Then we confined our discussion only to the treatment of those
15-17 minor ailments, and our experts decidediprovide necessary
assistance to them in preparations of those herbal medicines.
Thus, they prepared a guideline for the preparations of 15

herbal medicines.

All the participants agreed that those 15

herbal medicines were useful at village level.
Then according to the plan prepared at the meeting, we conducted

several training programmes in the state and trained over 200
villagers in preparing those medicines. Later these trained
*
people conducted training programmes in nearby villages. We
received information of some such programmes.
It is our estimate
that today there are atleast 300 villages in the state where

villagers avail a facility of treatment of minor ailments through
herbal medicines.

The second step in this programme was to strengthen these trained

villagers in identifying local medicinal plants.

The programmes

of identification of medicinal plants were also organised at
some places.
One of such a programme was organised at Panigaon of Dewas Dist.
This is a tribal belt of the district. The programme was organised
for those people who were already trained in preparing herbal

medicines.

During the training, the experts on traditional medicine, and the
villagers went into the nearby forest and identified several
medicinal plants. There was a discussion on all the plants. The

information was well documented. The villagers also prepared a
herbarium of the medicinal plants and the herbarium alongwith the
information of each plant, is permanently displayed at Panigaon.

....3.

New it. is left upto the experts on traditional medicines to
innovate more interventions for further strengthening of villagers
in the field of herbal medicines.

This may not be an easy process.

It requires a careful translation of modern knowledge and technology
into simple information and easy techniques.
-0-

11•

IMPROVING HEALTH STATUS

THROUGH
NUTRITION EDUCATION

A Workshop on nutrition education:

During January 1992, MP VHA had called a four day workshop for
Primary School Teachers of Pali block of Bilaspur District.
The purpose of the workshop was to prepare plans to improve
health status of villagers through interventions related to

nutrition education.
the workshop.

Nearly 142 teachers were present during

In the beginning it was made clear to all the teachers that
eventhough the workshop was organised with the permission of
education department, they were participating only as educated

representatives of villages, and not as teachers. This means
that whatever they would doing during or after the workshop,
will be in their capacity as responsible representatives of

village community. Therefore the participation in the workshop
was their own choice and we had also assured them that the
education department would not take any action against them
if bhey would choose not to participate' in the workshop. It
is against this background that we began the workshop.

Communication Strategy;

We did not have to make any efforts to make our presentation
interesting - no colourful flash cards or posters, no puppets
S'

shows, dramas or story telling.

Yet when we concluded the work­

shop at 5.30 p.m. on the first day, the participants insisted

to have an additional session at night and so we continued the
programme till midnight.

We did organise some independent entertainment sessions, but

the purpose was not to make our presentation interesting.

2.

-2The Goal:

Daring the very first session of the workshop one tribal teacher
stood up and boldly said "Sir nutrition education is not our
major concern in villages. The majority of our villagers are

leading good healthy life without your modern nutrition edu­
cation, without knowing the names of those vitamins."

"Our major concern", he said, "is the diseases in villages.
We want to reduce these diseases, want to reduce disabilities

and deaths due to diseases.

Instead of wasting your time and

our time in that nutrition education, why not do something
about the real sufferings of our villagers?"

There was much truth in this suggestion of that tribal teacher.
Villagers are neither interested in our nutrition education
nor they are willing to do anything about its promotion in their

villages.

In short, it is not their programme.

This is the problem; if we claim to do health promotion through

participation in people's programme, how can we give nutrition

education when it is not people's programme ?

It is true that nutrition education is not a people's programme
but improving the health status of their families and their

village communities is certainly a people's programme. Whenever
people clean their homes and its surrounding, make efforts for
safe drinking water, brush their teeth, take bath, treat people

with home remedies, or take them to the hospitals, they are
involved in the programme of improving their health status.
It is in this people's programme

that nutrition education has

a special place as a necessary intervention, and people are
not aware of it.
Therefore primarily our goal was not to give nutrition education

to people but to make them realise the significance of nutrition
education in their programme of improving health status, and

then give nutrition education as a necessary follow up.

-3-

Objectives:
In the light of the above mentioned goal we had set the
following objectives for the workshop:
1.

To make people aware of the significance of nutrition

education in their programme of improving health status.
2.

To give nutrition education in a manner in which i.

ii.

3.
4.

They would realise their own responsibilities.

They would realise the assistance they require from
Government and from voluntary agencies.

To give guidelines for planning the programme.

To allow the participants to prepare their own action
plans in which -

i.

v

firstly they would prepare a plan of their own

initiatives in the view of their own resources,

abilities and potentials.
ii. secondly they would prepare a plan of a systematic
assistance to their initiatives.

The workshop was conducted to fullfill the above mentioned
objectives. The following is a brief description of our

presentation.

Definition of health status:

First of all it is important to know what we mean by the health
status. If we say village Rampur is healthier than village
Sitapur then obviously we mean that at Rampur there are less
diseases, deaths and disabilities than at Sitapur.

Without

going into any further details we can say that diseases, deaths
and dissabilities are the three major parameters of measuring

the health status of apy village.

4.

Causes of Diseases; External and Internal;
We can measure the health status by diseases, deaths, and

disabilities but we know that deaths and disabilities are
caused by diseases. So if we decrease diseases we will be
able to improve the health status of people.

For this, it

is necessary to examine the causes of diseases.

Most of us are aware of so many causes of diseases ... polluted
air, contaminated water and food, mosquito bites, unhygenic
life style etc. But it is very important to know that we do
not necessarily suffer from malaria after a bite by an infected
mosquito. If this was the case, then by this time all the
population of India would have been wiped out. Also all these
who drink contaminated watejS do not necessarily fall sick.
This means that apart from the external causative agents of

*

diseases, there are some internal factors, which influence efhealth.

And one of them is the nutritional status of person.

If a person is weak then there are more chances of him falling
sick than a healthy person. Also the effects of sickness on

a weak child are often more than on a healthy child. However
this should only be taken as a norm and not as a rule.

The Importance of Nutrition Education;
For improving the health status of vour village, it is very
important that the village environment should be clean, they
should get safe drinking water, etc. Since health is also

related to educational and economic status, attempt should be
made to elivate educational and economic status of villagers.
But it will take several years,should then our children suffer
untill we convert
present villages into those ideal villages ?
What we can do at present in the given situation ?

In comming few years we may not be able to create ideal healthy
environment in our village, we may not be able to improve educa­
tional and economic status of villagers, but atleast we can
identify those weak children and take a special care of those
children. This is certainly possible at any village with little
training, devotion and efforts.

-5The tasks before the villagers?

In the light cf all the above discussion we can conclude that
primarily villagers will have to perform the following tasks:
1.

To identify weak children.

2.

To take care of those weak children at village level.

3.

To refer some extremely weak children to hospitals
in time.

4.

To educate villagers for improving nutritional status

of expecting mothers and under five children*
The Role of Government or Voluntary Health Agencies;
1.

To enlighten the villagers regarding the importanceof
nutrition in their efforts to elivate the health status of
their village, and also to make them aware of the expected
tasks in it.

2.

»"

If the villagers are willing to perform those tasks at village
level then the government and voluntary agencies should assist
villagers in training some selected villagers in performing

those tasks. The objectives of such a training is to equip
villagers with knowledge and skills related to nutrition.

This means that :
i. Villagers should have some knowledge of balanced diet,
different nutritional deficiences, special care related

to those nutritional deficiences.

ii. The villagers should be skilled in identifying different
types of nutritional deficiences, they should also be
skilled in identifying those cases of nutritional
deficiences, which require special hospital care.

iii.

The villagers should be skilled in.giving nutrition

education in- community. They will have to be trained
to use their own methods of communication in giving

nutrition education.
6.

-6-

3.

4.

The government and the voluntary agencies should be
equipped to take a medical care of the patients refered
by the villagers.

The Government and the voluntary agencies should keep a
proper record of nutritional deficiencies and keep
villagers informed about the causes of the nutritional
deficiencies in their respective villages.

In this respect they should also provide guidance to the
villagers regarding the necessary steps that the villagers

should take in dealing with their local nutritional problem;

Nutrition Education:

After clearly explaining the importance of nutrition education,
the role of villagers and the role of voluntary agencies the
*
participants made a demand for nutrition education and for the
skills in identifying cases of nutritional deficiencies.

As per their demand the nutrition education was given to the

participants in the following order of presentation.

Here this

order of presentation is very important because every step is
a participation in their priorities:

1. Different types 6f nutritional disorders and diseases.
2. Signs and symptoms of each type of nutritional disorders.
3. Signs and symptoms of cases to be referred to hespital.

Special care of children in each case of nutritional
deficiency.
5. Concept of balanced diet and how to plan balanced diet
in available food items.

4.

Village Level Planning:
After all the presentation on nutrition education and the skills
associated with it we reminded the villagers and following

expected tasks to be performed in each village:
1. Identification of the cases of nutritional deficiencies
2.
3.
4.

Special care of the identified cases.
Identification of cases to be referred to hospitals.
Nutritional awareness at village level.

-7We catagorically informed the participants that explaining the
task was our limit. It was not possible for us to give guidance

to them on planning village level activities to fullfill those
tasks. For example, it was not possible for us as to which
procedure they should adopt to identify children. Should it be
done by some formal survey, or should it be done by a casual

home visits?

Would the identification be done by different

persons in different parts of village? or should it be done by

only one person in all village.
The participants agreed with us that it would not be possible
for us to plan activities in their villages. They also agreed

that since socio-cultural structure and leadership pattern in
each village is different, village level planning would have

to be done by the villages seperately.

>
V

The participants then prepared their own action plans. Since
those plans were prepared by the persons who were going to
implement the plans, it was not possible for us to question the
feasibility of those plans. However this does not mean that
the plans prepared by them were perfect, it only means that
they were convinced about the feasibility of those plans. These

plans certainly require some modification during actual implemen­
tation.
Follow-up of the workshopi

1. A news lettert
While the participants are in the workshop they feel inspired
to do something at village level. This enthusiasm is often
temperory because it is product of the social environment
created at the workshop. When the participants return to
their respective villages, they face an adverse environment.
It is the environment in which no one is interested in doing
anything for the health promotion of village. In such situation
a participant feels lonly and his lonliness may lead to

non-action.
...8.

-8-

With the consideration of the above situation, we had requested
the participants to send a detail news of their efforts to us.
So we received several letters from the participants of the

workshop regarding their activities and plans.
those activities in the news letter.

We publish

The news letter is in Hindi and looks like a small news paper.
This

is deliberate, because the villagers give a great

importance to the news published in the news paper.
This news paper is a great help to these village level volunteer.
The news paper establishes his identify as a part of- large state
level group involved in health promotion at village level.

Assistance by the local Voluntary Organisations:
In some way this has been our draw back.

So far the voluntary

*

agencies had always adopted a policy of seeking people's assista­
nces in their progranmes but they are not aware of the strategy
when people seek their assistance.

However it is encouraging that some of our member organisation
are providing systematic assistance to the initiatives taken by

the village level volunteers.
Personal visits and letterst
Some of these village level volunteers seek assistance through
the letters. In most cases their demands are related to health
education material. For this purpose we have established an

information cell in the office and send necessary information to
them. If the large number of volunteers demand same information
then we publish such information in our news letters and in

•health mirrors.'

Sometimes we also visit our village level volunteers in their

respective villages. Such visits are not always possible for
us but the representatives of lotfal voluntary organisations
visit them often.

9.

-9iv.

'Follow-up Workshop;

We have planned to conduct a follow-up workshop for these
volunteers in September 1992. The purpose of the workshop
is to evaluate the work done so far, to provide more in­
formation, to help them to plan their activities

more

systematically, and to help them to organise resources

from outside i.e. from Government and voluntary agencies.

Such workshops were held at Kundum block of Jabalpur,
at Chappara block of Seoni and at Panigaon of Dewas District.

III.

INTRODUCTION OF EYE TESTING AT VILLAGE LEVEL.

Cne of the most important aspect in'primary eye care at village

level is a timely referral of the cases.

This is important

in all age groups but specially more important in young school
going children. A neglegence at early stage may result in
some permanent deformity.

Translation of Technoloqy;
This timely referral is possible only when some village level
workers will develop skills for it. But in the light of modern
o 'P h.t'hool m oi «.«H
highly sophisticated knowledge of opthelrnology is not a simple

process; It requires a translation of modern opthelmic knowledge
and techniques in simple village level knowledge and techniques
possible at village level, and therefore can only be dene by
a well qualified opthalmologist, who is also aware of village
level limitations.
For MP VHA this responsibility was undertaken by Dr.Sudhir
Mahashabde.

He is also a board member of the association.

Dr.Mahashabde deviced a simple technique by which any literate

villager can easily identify problems of vision and also can
distinguish between cases of refractive errors, and the cases
to non-refractive errors. The technique enables a village
level worker for a proper feferral; He can refer the cases of
refractive errors to optometrist, but he will refer the cases
of vision problems with non-referactive errors to a qualified

opthelmologist.
All this appears very difficult but it is our experience that
any literate or illiterate village person can learn the test
in less than 30 minutes. The kit for the test is also not
cost
very expensive. It/only Rs. 15/-, and can be permanently used.
Dr.Mahashabde also developed some simple flash cards by which

a village worker can identify referral cases of different eye
problems. It requires only 2 hours training and the cost of
these cards is Rs. 10/- .
2

-2-

Dr.Mahashabde's efforts in developing village level techniques
in Primary eye care is a unique effort, and certainly we are

grateful to him for it, but this process translation of medical
technology into village level simple techniques is not new in
other fields of primary health care.

ORS and kits for village

level birth attendeqts is good example of it.

An intervention as Participation in People's Programme;
The difference between the traditional and the new approach lies

not in the techniques but the manner in which it is used in the
process of delivering health care.
When we speak of participation in peoples programme in this

contest of primary eye care, we want them to identify the
referral cases at their own initiatives. It is people's respon­
sibility to select a person for training, it is their responsibi­
lity to identify the referral cases and it is their responsibility
to seek assistance for the treatment of the referral cases. Unlike

the traditional approach, there will no paid worker visiting
each home and fullfilling the target of primary eye tests.

It is with this above approach in mind that we have recently
introduced primary eye testing at villages through the village

level volunteers.
Some international agencies involved in eye care programme
have already given us an assurance that they will make necessary
arrangements for the medical examinations of the referral cases

identified at village level.
Primary eye care involves several other interventions. We shall
depend on the advise of the experts in identifying those various
necessary interventions. We shall then introduced those inter­
ventions in already exisiting infrastructures based on the

approach of participation in people's programme.

—x—

V.
X. -

wo PROGRAMMES CF BILASPUR experiment

ogle's Effort in Goitre Control-;

Several eastern districts of MP are declared as Goitre prone
and Bilaspur is one of them.

Mr.Vijay Tiwari undertook the

task of Goitre control in Pali Block of Bilaspur District
through his organisation called Gramin Seva Sanstha.

The

p rogramme which was started with the initiatives of MP VHA

is a good example of the approach.

In the beginning Mr.Tiwari spent a considerable time in collect­
ing information regarding Goitre problem in that area; He examined
iodised salt samples from several villages Pali block and found
that those samples did not contain iodine.

He also made a survey

of Government Efforts in solving Goitre problem and learnt that
almost nothing was being done.
He then called a large scale meeting of village leaders and
placed all the information before them.

Naturally, the villagers

were annoyed and wanted that Mr.Tiwari should do something
about the problem.

They assured full ao-operation to him in

these efforts.
A just cause and massive support of people, .... a perfectly
ideal situation for any social action group to organise an
impressive show. As a social activist Mr.Tiwari should have
exploited the situation. He should have organised few demonst­
rations in front of the office of District Administration, shouted
slogans against inefficiency of the government, and he should

have managed to get in prison for a coupIt of days.
All these actions would have put Mr.Tiwari and his organisation
in the category of those “grass root level freedom fighter§“
and his programme would have been one of those rare models where

the voluntary agencies manage to secure people*s participation.
2

-2Here it is very important to note that Mr.Tiwari and his organic
sation did not organise any demonstration. Neither he, nor the
workers of his organisation were put behind bars. He did not
accept people's offer to support him on this important issue.

"Goitre is not my problem, there is no reason why I should take
initiative in solving the problem,'and then seek your assistance.
Mr.Tiwari informed this categorically to the people present at
the meeting. He said that he was not their elected representative
who should present their demands before the government. He made
it absolutly clear that Goitre was their problem, and if they
were interested la solving that problem they would have to take

initiatives.

The role of his organisation^was only to provide

necessary assistance on demand.

He also wanted people to

understand that his organisation had limited resource and any
assistance to them would be only within the limited resources of
his organisation.

Therefore they should not have any over

expectations from him or from his organisation.

As a result of this strategy, people took initiatives in solving

the problem and GSS provided the necessary assistance within
the limits of their resources. Eventhough the process is going
on today, we will just take a glimpse of some of people's
achievements in solving the problem.
First of all village' leaders organised a meeting of District
Collector and people in one small village of the block.

The

District Collector promptly ensured the participation.several
other government functionaries in the meeting,

in this, Gramin

Seva Sanstha only helped them in establishing their contact
with the Government.
During the meeting the District Collector Mr.Indrajit Dani and

the Government health functionaries were made aware of the
problem. Several salt sample were tested on the spot, and it
was found that the iodine content in most samples was far less
than the required norm.
3.

-3-

The district administration and people together worked out

a systematic plan of action. This included the warming to all
the traders regarding the sale of non iodised salt, some

curative measures at the government health centres, a constant
mechanism of checking the salt at the level of stock and also
at the level of distribution centres etc.

At the request of

the people, the district administration also checked salt which
was in several vagan at Bilaspur Railway station. The vagans
were sealed by the Government when they found that iodine content

in that salt was too less. The vagans are still on the railway
Station. . w
,
...
,
-.-.t administration and peen >■» t.ooeth->’- worked
-

Certainly this is just a beginning and much more has to be done.
But whatever is done, was possible only through the approach
of participation in people’s programme.

-x-

II.

,

People's Effot in Horticulture;

Here is one more example of a development intervention which
was basically intended for the economic development but also
resulted in the health promotion.

There■are about 12-13 small villages around the catchment area
Khuntayhat dam in Pali blick of Bilaspur district. Majority
of the villagers are tribals and the villagers are resettlements of
oustees of the dam.
About 7 years ago Mr.Vijay Tiwari initated development work in
these villages through his organisation called “Gremin Seva Sanstha."
When the organisation began the work in those villages, 90% people
were landless agricultural labourers, they were also involved in

seasonal migration to towns for their livelyhood. The percentage of
literacy was certainly as law as in any other tribal part of MP.
The villages were also not linked by roads. Where there is a com­
bination of unemployment, poverty and illiteracy, one does not
have to say toomuch regarding the health status of such conrnuni y
4.

In this situation, it was obvious that Gramin Seva Sanstha should
have introduced some employment generation schemes, develop an

infrastructure for primary health care delivery with atleast a

small hospital, initiated some literacy programmes in all the
villages, organise communities to form Mahila Mandals or youth

clubs, and finally, to make everthing appear progressive, he
should have arranged some public awareness progranmes and organise
few demonstrations before the local administration.
This would

have put Mr.Tiwari and his organisation in the category of
those ideal development projects.
Today, after 6-7 years of efforts, those landless malnurished
labourers sell around two truck loads of fresh vegitables daily
in nearby town. Most.of them have atleast one and half acres
of land. The people who used to go to towns in search of jobs
are new in search of labourers to increase the output of their *

farms.
Such economic prosperity is often associated with'its own evils,

individualistic self dependent, arogant society and a gradual

down fall of human values.

Something that is taking place in

our urban economically developed societies.
You will observe an exactly contrary trend in these villages.
The village^ communities here are getting more and more organised.
Instead of being individualistic and self centred these villages
are now engaged in the plans of collective benefits of villages.
They are in the process of formation of co-operatives, making
efforts for raising their educational status and village
panchayats are getting to control any possible social evils

in their communities. This does not mean that there is a kingdom
of heaven on earth. It simply means there is a positive direction

of change,

, '

Mr.Tiwari says that success or the failure of all our development .
efforts depend on what do we think of those villagers lifeless

machines? ... useless animals ? ..or responsible human beings?

If we will treat them as machines or animals, then we will not
....5.

-5-

give them any opportunity’to solve their problems, instead »e
we will determine their problems with' our perspective. We will

also not permit them participate in the process of planning. All
the planning will be done in our offices because we will have
no faith in the thinking process of those illiterate, ignorant
villagers.

The efforts of Gramin Seva Sanstha deserves a careful study
because what they did is catagorically different than what our
modern social scientist would do. He would identify the problems
and then would prepare a systematic strategy for solving those
problem. It is somewhat like a mechanic would do to repair a
machine. Often he does not care to aSk what people are doing

to solve the problems.

This is a question which no one asks to

a machine and.it is this..question which differentiates between

a mechanical and human approach of development.

,

So Gramin Seva Sanstha's members developed personal relationship

with the rillagers, revealed themselves to people and then tried
to understand

their life process.

Being farmers, villagers natural inclination w^s towards farming.
Every year, they were employed as labourers in the fields in
the catchment area of the dam.

As per the rules, the land in the catchment area is auctioned
ever/ year. Some rich businessman used to the land on lease
and then employ these villagers as labourers in that land.
Af;er examining the situation Mr.Tiwari and his associate learnte
t>at the villagers could easily take the land on lease collective!
;nd then work in it as the owners of land.
.•

k.-.

'.c-

■■

He informed this to the villagers.

. '

- '



■ ec

The villagers then launched

a struggle for the land and it took them nearly
2 years to
win that battle. And as result, today each family has around
one and half acres of very productive land.
.. .6.

-6I

-

...

The second step was to ina:ke efforts for increasing the productivity
of the land.

Gramin seva Sans'tha helped the villagers in establish­

ing contacts with the horticulture department. Unfortunately the
horticulture department was engaged in fullfilling the targets of

the sen ernes given to them by their higher authorities.
people's assistance in fullfilling the schemes.

They wanted

But the situation

in the village was not in conformity with the conditions of these
schemes.

Any way people were also interested in those schemes.They -

simply wanted the assistance of the experts of horticulture depart­
ment in increasing the productivity of land.

After some discussions with the villagers, the government functionari<
realised the irrationality of their efforts of promoting government
schemes.

They admitted that basically their responsibility was to

assist people in their efforts to increase productivity.

And they

fullfilled the responsibility with dedication.
*

The villagers then began to produce so much vegetables that there
was a problem of transporting it to a good market. That problem
is also solved, and two trucks are engaged in transporting vegetables
to the market.
Yet there is still a problem of surplus. Because unless there is a
provision of storing vegetables, the farmers have to sell it in
throwgh'away price. In. .order to solve this problem, the farmers

are now in the process of constructing a cold storage through their

co-operative.

This is not the end.of thp story.

,This approach of participating

in people's programmes has it several positive side effects.

The

villagers who have now developed a habit of solving their problems
through their efforts are seriously thinking about other aspects
of their development which includes health and education.

"Economic growth and technological progress of villages is not our

final goal," says Mr.Tiwari,
of our approach.

it is only a necessary by product

Our major concern is to let the people lead a

life of human diginity in any given situation."

O/ERVIbW CF

COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
AT

PANIGA ON
An introduction;

In September 1987, a Catholic Priest, Fr.Pradeep Cherian went to
Panigaon of Dewas district to initiate some development activities
in that area.
Panigaon is around 70 kms from Indore on Indore-Harda-Nagpur road,
and is a village with a population of around 1500. It is surrounded
by several tribal villages in the forest. Panigaon is a main

shopping centre for all the tribals in that area.

There is an interesting.history of these tribals; Most of them are
not the local residents but were emigrated to this area from East &

West Nimar district of MP nearly 20 years ago. The emigration
took place because the local resident tribals left the area due
to a constant disturbances from wild animals.

When the tribals

in Nimar district Received a news that the land at Panigaon was
available at almost a threw away price, they came to Panigaon,

purchased the land, took up the challenge of facing wild animals
and settled in those villages around Panigaon.

Fr.Cherian went to Panigaon and instead of constructing a Catholic
Centre, he stayed in one rented house. He insists that this should
not be seen gs act of sacrifice, or identification with the poor.
The purpose vas only to allow people to knew him and to know the
people, and the best way to it was to say with people. Even in
that rented house he tried to make his life little more luxurious
than the rest of the villagers.

Rising expectations;
As he began his stay in the village, being a Catholic Priest, there
was some opposition to him on religious ground, but neither it
lasted for a long time, nor he was too much worried about it.

Fr.Cherian was more concerned about rising expectation of the
villagers due to his presence.

They expected that he will certainly

open an Erglish Medium School, construct hospital, distribute grains

and in th? process probably he would convert some tribals.
' I

...2.

-2A message of hope:

After few months'‘personal interaction people came to know that

Fr.Cherian was not an object which could be used for school,

hospital or wheat, but he was a living person, a human being with
whom they could interact personally, a person who shares his '
problems with them and a person with whom they could share their
joy or sorrow.

But this person was something different than whom they had met
earlier. He was a person with a message of hope. It was a hope
that they could improve themselves with their own efforts and he
was willing to assist them in their efforts. This was a process
of participating in people's programme. It is this message of
hope that latter became a basis of all his activities at Panigaon.

While commenting on the work at Panigaon, one tribal leader said
“Fr.Cherian did not make us beggers but by being with him we learnt

how to lead a life with human diginity."

Programme of School Education;
During some discussions the villagers decided to do something
about the education of their children. So they decided to examine
the present available facilities for primary education in their
villages.

It was found out that the villagers were not willing to send
their children to the government schools because the teachers
remained absent most of the time and were not taking interest in
teaching. The teachers on the other hand complained that instead
of sending children to schools, the villagers were using them in
some house hold jobs, or were sending them for cattle grazing.

However without going too much into the process o£ finding faults,
the villagers, alongwith Fr.Cherian, decided that a seperate

teacher would be appointed.

The villagers would partially take

up the responsibility of the payment of his salary, and will also
be responsible for sending children to that school,

Fr.Cherian

agreed to supervise'the education in those schools.

...3.

-3Though it appears as a parallel structure of education system, in

reality, it was only a temporary extention of the government

primary schools.

All the students who'attend such schools are

also enrolled in the government primary schools and the examina­
tions are conducted by the teachers of government school.

The programme began with a school in one village and then gradually

spread in 20 villages.

This arrangement also encouraged the

teachers of the government school, and they began to be more syste­

matic and regular in their work.

As expected, in some villages

the villagers gradually began to send their children directly to

the government schools.

In such villages these Mextention,‘ schools

were not needed and therefore were closed down. At present there
are three villages in which such schools are closed down.

As the villagers are realising the importance of education, they
are making a community level efforts to send more children to scheol.

At a village Tamtek, the villagers appointed two three persons to
look after all their cattles. The community provides them necessary
wages in different ways. How they do it is their business, but

it is important to note that this decision enabled more students to
go to school.
As the urge for education is increasing people are not just satis­
fied with the primary schools. One of those-villages planned to
have a middle school^ They sought guidance from Fr.Cherian. He
then guided the villagers to approach Government.

After few repea­

ted visit to the education office in the Secretariat at Bhopal,

the government agreed to open middle school in the village on the
condition that the villagers would contribute Rs.50,000/- for the
construction of building. Surprisingly, the villagers collected
Rs. 50,000/- in less than a week and submitted the amount to the
government. Every family in the village was asked to contribute
something. No amount was fixed. Even one rupee was accepted as

a valuable contribution.
The villagers also realise the problems of teachers and try to help
them in solving their problems. At one village there a minor clash

between the government teacher and some villagers.

The village

cotnaunity called a meeting and after realising that some villagers
were at fault, they gave warning to them.

...4.

There is one high school at Panigaon.

at the high school did not join.

Some teachers who are postek|

This is ay( usual practice in many

rural schools and often no one takes notice of permanent absence of
teachers. But the students took a serious note of it and discussed
it with some village leaders. Knowing that they themselves will

have to do something, they straight went to the office of district
collector of Dewas, informed aboutuM?n the office. For the Govern­
ment officials, it was a strange

experience. Earlier, no student

had ever visited their office with a request for an appointment

of a teacher. The district administration promptly responded and
the teacher was appointed in the school.

Economic Development through a Co-operative:
During the early months of the year 1991, the discussions on poverty
began in the village level meetings. Certainly some villagers
waste their money in drinking and that is one of the cause of th&ir
poverty.

But the major cause was their habit of taking loans for

seeds and fertilizers from local money lenders on very high interest
rate.

They were often not in a position to repay those loans and

always remained trapped in it.
The villagers suggested that Fr.Cherian should give them loans at

a lower interest rate and this could be a good option for the
present situation. Fr.Cherian agreed, but he wanted villagers
to think wither this could be a permanent arrangement. The villa­

gers themselves did not agree that the loans from Fr.Cherian could
be a permanent solution. So after long discussions the village
committees prepared a following plan of action as a permanent
solution for the problem. Now the same is being implemented
since July 1991.

1.

The village committees decided that each earning member of
village would contribute Rs. 20/- per month in village fund,

and the collection would be deposited in local bank in the

name of three persons.

Of these two person would be the

village leaders and'the third would be a worker of Fr.Cherian’^

organisation.
...5.

-5-

2.

Since one year's collection would not be sufficient for advancing
loans, it was decided that the process of depositing money would
continue for three years without any utilisation of those deposits

3.

As an interium arrangement Fr.Cherian would make a provision
of some funds for loans.

4.

In any case, loans would not be given to any farmer but only
to the village committees and village committees would be

responsible for proper distribution and collection of loans.
Each village committee would find its own way of dealing with
the defaulters.
5.

The loans would never be given in the form of cash, but there

would be a collective purchasing of seeds, pesticides, and ferti­
lisers.

This would be alloted to each village according to

its collective demand. Proper distribution of all these items
would entirely be a responsibility of village level committee.

At present the programme is going on in 15 villages and people
have stopped taking loans from the local money lenders. As per
the plan, the villagers have already deposited over Rs, 50,000/in their fund. That amount is now also transferred in yearly
fixed deposit.

As an interium arrangement for three years, Fr.Cherian advanced
some money for the purchase of seeds, fertilisers and pesticides
in July 1991. So far there was 90% recovery of the loan. Fr.
Cherian is certainly concerned about the rest 10% loan, but he
is not worried about it. The loan was given to village committees
and it will be a duty of the village committees to find some way
of refunding the loan.

Meanwhile the village conmittees examined the cases of defaulters.
According to them all the remaining cases of default are due to

some genuine causes, and.therefore they are given sufficient time
for the repayment of their loans.

For village committees, the collection of deposit is also not an
easy process.

In one village, they did not have sufficient money
...6.

-6for depositing the necessary amount.

The problem was solved in

rather strange way; one villager had an extra bullock.

simply means that he-could do without it.

Extra

The village comnittee

then requested him to sell that bullock and deposit the amount

in the bank on behalf of the villagers. This was done and villa­
gers are now gradually repaying the amount.

All the above activities should have resulted in clash between
the local money lenders and Fr.Cherian. But it did not happen
because of the attitude of Fr.Cherian and associates towards the

money lenders.

"It is against our principles,“ says Fr.Cherian,

"to put people in a rigid category of exploiters and exploited.

For us, all of them are created in the image of God and therefore
deserve human level dignified treatment. To the best of our

ability, we assure that treatment to the money lenders. Many times
we require their assistance in programmes of community development,
and sometimes they too require our assistance in their programmes."

New the plans are being prepared to give education to the farmers
on careful and proper use of pesticides and fertilisers.

Other Development Activities;
The villagers around Panigaon are now involved in several develop­
ment activities. These include; health education through school
children, malaria control, preparation of herbal medicines at
village level, agriculture development, afforstation, water resource
management, development of the folk media etc. etc.
The guiding principle in all these programmes is the same. Let
people reflect on their cwn difficulties, let them plan their
own programnes in the light of the knowledge given to them, and
finally assist them in their efforts.

Most of the above mentioned programmes were’ started with the ini­

tial assistance from Fr.Cherian and his associates. Today some
programmes like literacy are totally being run by the villagers.

....7.

-1-

The institution:
All the activities at Panigaon are being carried out through an

institutional base.

This institution, called “Seva Kendra” means

a centre for care, and is a unique example of an institution
required for carrying out the development programmes through the
approach of participating in people's programme.

While the villagers and Pr.Cherian were planning the programme
in that rented house at Panigaop, people strongly felt a need of

some permanent base. So the villagers collected Rs. 8,500/- and
handed it over to Pr.Cherian for purchasing land. But in the view

of the future needs of the institution Pr.Cherian added some more
money, purchased some more land, and constructed 3 small buildings.

These buildings surrounded by a beautiful garden is a pride of
the village. In the evenings, without taking permission' from any
one, the villagers open the gate, walk inside, take stroll in the

garden and return.

There neither any dogs to prevent their entry

into the premises, nor any watchman to question their presence.

Seva Kendra is not only a home for tribals.

The businessmen, money

lenders, politicians, police officers and other local government
officers also make it a point to visit Seva Kendra.
'Tribals' or
'Harijans' are not our “target groups," says Pr.Cherian, and "in
fact we do not believe in this kind of target oriented approach
which gives rise to casticism or communal disparity. We love all

of them irrespective of their caste, creed, religion or economic
status." Pr.Cherian and his associate do not proclaim this message

verbally, but the social environment in the premises makes it
clear to all.

A huge specious varanda, with a permanent sitting arrangement for
several people, dominates the building in which Pr.Cherian has his
office.

The office room is just near the front gate of the building.

Strongly the office is in the bed room of Pr.Cherian, which leaves
almost no gap between his private and public life. “This", Pr.Cherian
argues, “does not mean that I have no respect for privacy in indivi­
duals's life, I am only against a split personality. That is a

sickness."
8,

-8-

Eventhpugh there is so much talk about participation in people's
programme, the structure of buildings, and inbuilt luxuries in it,
do not indicate that there was even an attempt to identify with

the

lives of poor villagers.

Fr.Cherian.

‘'This is not a contradition" argues



"To me participation means two things; firstly it

means that I should reveal my true self to people, and secondly
I expect people to reveal their true self to me in response."
He makes it clear that people must know that Fr.Cherian is not
Mahatma Gandhi, or Vinoba Bave, they must know that he is a
person who loves basic comforts of life. He accepts villagers
as they are, and expects that the villagers should accept him
as he is. This is essential for a personal relationship on equal
terms.

They neither celebrate the establishment day of the institution,
nor there is any one who swears in the name of institution.
Institution is not their master, it is only a means.

The insti- *

tution does not govern people but people govern the institution.

They strongly believe that "man is not made for the laws, but
laws are made for man."

This is reflected in the entire function­

ing of the institutions.

There is always a content review of the

laws and the regulations of the institution.

The laws and regula­

tions are changed if it become an obsbicle in their human deve­
lopment

programnes.

Primarity the workers at Seva Kendra are not giveh details of
their job description, but are given responsibilities based on
their liking, attitudes, abilities, potential etc. Then it is

their duty to prepare detail descriptions of their jobs in the
light of their responsibilities. The higher level fumetionaries
do provide them all the necessary assistance in preparing systematic
job analysis. For example the head of the institution did not set
fixed duty hours for a gardner. He is given a responsibility of

looking after the garden.

How he should look after the garden

is the decided by him alongwith the higher authorities.

...9.

I
-9Here the workers are not free to do anything they would like

to do.

This will result in a chaos.

The workers freedom is

restricted by their specific responsibilities and by the plans
they prepare for fullfilling those assigned responsibilities.
There is a balance between the freedom and the farm in which a
worker fullfills his responsibilities.

In this approach a worker does not become a cog in machine,
rather he gets an opportunity for a full expression of his
personality. It is a human process which necessarily results

in job satisfaction and therefore, in a joyful accomplishment

of given responsibilities.

-0-

IV.

AN EXPERIMENT BY THE FOREST DEPARTMENT AT HARDA:

A development approach through participation in people’s programme

requires a considerable degree of flexibility in the institutional •
structure and therefore it is not possible to adopt the approach
unless we change the structure of the institution through which
we wish to operate.
"This", District Forest Officer Mr.B.M.S.Rathod, "is not
necessarily true.

We adopted the approach without making any

major revolutionary changes in the present structure of the
forest department." This is a unique contribution by Mr.Rathod.
He proved that the approach can be adopted by any government
department without any major reforms in its present structure.

Only after few years of service this young IPS officer realised
that no achievements were possible without true participation by*

people and there was no way of securing people's participation.
Therefore instead of trying to secure peoples participation
in the programmes of the department, he changed thd role of the
department, and the department began to participate people's

struggle for survival.

But this was not a deviation from his duties as a forest officer.
In the process he made them to realise the significance of . forest
protection in their struggle of survival. Today hundreds of
village level volunteers protest the forest in his jurisdiction,
and the work is continously being monitored by village level

forest protection committees alongwith the forest guard. This
is something which was not possible by those handful paid
functionaries of the forest department.

Alternative housing:
Housing is one major problem of the tribal villages. For centuries
they accustomed to houses of wooden structures. Today, with

all the restriction by the Government, it is not easy to get
sufficient wood from forest. Yet with a great struggle, they

manage to get that wood and construct their huts.
....2.

One of the way of dealing with
forcement of the law.

. s problem is by a strict en­

In practice suqh action only increases

corruption in the department, but assuming that it is possible,
Will it be a human way of dealing with those tribals ? We must

remember that the tribals always consider themselves as the
owners of forest.

Forest is their home.

It is only in the

recent years that we have made them realise that they were
strangers in their home-land.

Does participation in people's programme here means helping
people to collect wood from forest? Obviously Mr.Rathod did
not adopt this method, but he did participate in people's struggle
for constructing huts. He constructed some model huts of mud
as alternative to those huts of wooden structure. Today many
villagers are seeking guidance of the forest department in
constructing those model huts.

When asked about their target for mode-hut-acceptors, one forest *
guard said "why should we set a target ? If our model is a viable
alternative then people will accept it.

If they doh't then we

will have to work for better model which people will be willing

to accept.

We don't want to get involved in propoganda for

forcing our model on them.

Therefore we shall not give any

incentives to the acceptors."

Almost a similar attempt is being done in case "chulhas".

The

villagers are exposed to several types of chulhas and solar heaters.

Village Forest Protection Committees:
The forest department made various efforts of participating in

people's struggle for survived.

These efforts created.a need

for village level organisation.

So the villagers, with the

assistance of the functionaries of forest department formed
village protection committees.

Till last years, there were

142 village committees.
...3.

-3One member of each family is a member of the comnittee and the forest

guard of the area works as a recording secretary.
taken by the committee as a whole.

The decisions are

Basically the role of the committee is to consider the problems of
villagers, find collective solutions of the problems, activate village
community to take necessary actions to solve the problems, seek assist

ance of the government and voluntary agencies, and finally the committ

also monitors the efforts by the villagers and by the government in
solving their problems.
The forest guard keeps a systematic record of the village committee

meetings.

He helps the villagers in establishing contacts with the

concerned Government Departments, voluntary agencies, and even resourc

persons. This is now possible for him because the district collector
has made the Forest Department as a nodel agency for rural development
!

Recently they also formed block level committees.

This committee

constitutes the representatives of all the village committees of the
block and considers the problems of the villages collectively.
responsibility of the block level committee is only to.provide
necessary assistance to the village level committees.

The

Health Programmes by the Village Level Committees;

As one of their major responsibility, several village committees

decided to improve health status of their villages.
They began the job by enabling people to take care of their minor
ailments at village level. Accordingly, MP VHA trained several
village representatives in preparing 15 herbal medicines for minor
ailments. These trained persons are new in position to train others
and therefore they do not require any more outside assistance in train

As a second step, MP VHA resource persons will be conducting a work­
shop for training villagers in identification and use of the local
medicinal plants.

The forest department has planned to help them

in planting herbal gardens.
.. .4.

However, their efforts of health promotion are not only confined

to the herbal medicines, at their request MP VHA also organised a

nutrition education workshop for them.

In the beginning this will

atleast enable the villagers to identify malnurished children

and to take care of them at village level, or to. refer them to

hospitals in time.
During the same workshop, the villagers are also trained to iden­
tify referral cases with eye proHems in time. The forest
department will help the villagers in getting necessary assistance
for the treatment of referred cases.

The process will go on, and many more health related interventions
can gradually be introduced at village level.

"fcffiTFr, fh^Y? aitr fh^rtr"
TecYt '-TRn ?pt fhsrr?! :-

F3H-'7T

!}Rrf 5>T f^irfnr ^TTT:j pr I

bl Y fh?T?r tft V4> q-fr^W gRtY I

nYsHT -I3H

qg cfft^T^r ’ft 3’HWt?

Ue? yttft-faqs fg^TR, yTM’fW^ SY? fR5Tt<pY TTfrf ?T

f^^TTT |

3ft FTTt fh5>T7T q>T ffhu ri«tT TFT I

Ft ?HJS ’ft |
fhsTT Y qrrftpTT

-ftR

gfg gfg $ fgggY, q-Rt, TTWFTV, 75TF’I

|

3-Tfc st Frfhynj s^sei M, ?tbtT Y srnjriY a>r ffw B3T i
3’Yt ■HJctFMT Y fYY 31’fr 3fgg ~TTgTiW ESHT’} ’lY, ?RT 3<Yt TfcW

a>Y Jiyf^cnr jffT Y

THT

I

UFT-fguTrlEJ S'Y? 3HPTEJH

3f/ I

3>tr gfgf sY crfetH

f^gr tjl-t, 3^$

er er- -eY.cV. teY, la. jTt ffesttY

ft 3iYs- f^jjT |

Yt T’-irtfl HfhUTV

eft, TTFcf

fJTTTFrff <^, JtFTgY $Y 3-fTfra S■ 5t=T ^ITT 3'Yt 3*1 nt

Wrf Y?r Y irnrq 3^; s-ft sht^ grt yj-inT >■ s
qiTrf

^fYeTH $ fYsY YrTTfYfT SSfY ST fh<fiT?J W 3'51FT^

jrrelYsq ’ft I

rt FfiTnr ’ft i

TTeT^ JTWfsq Y fYy yrn jJHcIT ?T flT^Tr

W W fjt j

tYH pr^tt

qirn $Y

EfrY gin ?nm ?f fh?>T?T aft 3^t?pT qr tmrnrr j?t mir <f>T
YhT rft ER eY TeT 3fW) 3inr SHcrr Y 3!^ ?Rq>lT 3Yt YtY T^TfqcI

rWF’ir Y crfY fq? Yyt

e< i

s?r ^hctt Y 3^ -fhqiTTT Yfitft a>s

| ---------- -rtt 3’TqfY^rffl 3T?^f Y nH

xosfHTT^t zQTH zTTRT:] fYur
qifanqnvH tTYf

jtsth

shtttY jtdY -^T7jqrfri<i>T3:Y

gir ~nra

sr vft t

spre

% ?

^t 5TetY

Y

STY ■’ fhsfYtl " WIR JITTTt'T "fTEt" fWI*! Y 3'fU4i jfTFjfl

E? J

EfUT tY

(Thff $T TqegTT Zt-HT? ^Wf aft flrfHT Y 3if£ja>

JTTHcftn BTHT 6 ?

fciSTH ?r fYHnr aft afhr :-

?? (R3 ^3T 3>T sY^Tfn? 3’Tf^? 3Yt (T<F,Yilft fYSTR gt EET 1

qRHI jRRY rR-q; HFR Y UTHgfiT $7 QTH ift it TFT >•, I
ue e3'T -fa ^qf^fWnr 3>Y?

^Ttaft fe^TR

q'(Y°TTn

fYftfcf qifw 3Tr frarn

£ 2 &

ft FP4 ST qpft fTFT FTPS ft
T»4TH Sgt qr I

tfhScTT ftft JTFTnftu TTPt St' St<

gFT FTTP ft fcSTFT ST JWhl fcHTTf ft fft? fftPT I

st TTSTg h stct \og¥ sttsthT st 3;yryy
/jnsq
\O
xo Rftitt \o'» i
jtysnr strip t fit thrtts mr?, ft nft g? 1 - 'fare tptfp
f’rh ft

3hfttt tft ftsr ft FTrt stirrftTf ft fftv jftss ft st Fit ft

ftt S? RT=pf st STSTEJSnT B TPR 3!TS FTTrTT gSTT ft 3:fuS ?STs<ff

ST 3TTT5H Ft TgT &’ gFTft ft yfysfST RT=t[f 3PTqT?S t 3’tr ftfe
clt EFFHT sft > |

Bf^ft g? JTrarai 3ltutffta>tSTDT ft thrift 31tt

<TTRt St TTPT WErlt

31fT 37Tft STT°T feelt, PT STTft qft I

fftSSt ER- ft fftsTH SJTpt ST fnirfoT F3IT, STEjT ft fftTSfa $ frit
wit st srit

3’tr gofirt 3>Tftar CfiwT st ft yr sr fnpr tot i

HSfttSt fciSTFT ft fftft gTjft ffR eiTFT—cTCzftFT qpf $ SrRt TTRFT ft

Wit st qsp 57- -f^UT fftfHT fft fpTTft qftft n?T g^TT FTTSt $ Hgt
st qrt ft

1

yrffts snr qrft ft fft?

fwr ft shrT ft qg^ny

3I5ft-SfcruT st ys<r ST 3TfSt S^g TT FTPTSTH ft t? rHTft I

jprrnn c^rft st Sfst Ji gyft orftT ft -mtcrf st

jfft

flJTrvr st

fftnT 3'tr fttnynrst ft fte^-ra ft s-ft? ft sbt qtn fft?T i

yfft

FTTTt fts ST fftSTFT §?Fft HTg ftPPTT STTt TFT rft g? 3’Tft STFfft
qftgft St fsTTFIrT ft -?UT ftft 5

nft ?TTri st fyyfnr :Tqft^rTT ft Sf-R ftgTftt ft ftgrS ft Hft WTf ft ftnfs ft Sn? Tft

Tft I

’TTTrf ft fftft ftgTSt ST ?S TU^T qT I

3;tr aUFTFf Br?T ST qT I

?g FSTn ftpR, FWZ?

gIFT TSTH St FTTSTT W ftft ft fftft fts ftt

3TfftS T^TfcT gtHT TTSTnS ?-ft 31tT gFTSt TTft ft fftft gnft JTUfftfsSTni

3’tr cTSfttSt fftSTFT ST TTFcTT TTRTqT I

fnSSftqT, STT^THt 3’Tfn ST

pT I

ffflft W?FT

ntt,

nFTT ft 3’TFTTTFT SgFTn’ft

ftrft 3'tT fftSrft St SHTTTrP ft rft ^TTH ft 3^SSS

ST fftcT

ffeTT 3’tr '^T ?Wf
> ft?T SFft
• STR ft fftSTT STft ft xoS?/ TTF I
STH ft FTP-J gTTTft m* qt Sgft g^ ?ft I

nirr

F^ft

TFT

3ltT ?TP3gT

tpr -jwj-n sht t^ht s:tr ftfaHTsirt, cfsrrfftst 3’tr nsHtsgt
3’fbTcT • • • • 3-

fit WiTH J1TW tWTt Y?T 3> faaTFT 3Y qpTgYg gH qt fa^ fqgarwY
&

gPiY aY wYr sT i

fHT^cTT :-

YY - YY g?T Ya <J5T fqJTFT gJT,
Tf?cJrH qY JTZn- |

&Y BY SJTTcf *T ¥35 FTTATfaa

wY JRTTcT 3T HWT FTBT7 IFFY <TTT I

aY

W Y faFFl yYf cffiTfa aY FTWT ^TFf Ft HP fcWT WT I

WeY

3‘H3>T qtf qr yt? g?f qtf 35T jfYnTaY faFPF ?4T f3> aY W fasTTH
aY q-fTFrtlTT if > art FTPT > yt? aY gH qYYYtWT & STeT W ag
ithstt ar jiu ¥

i

fYr qtf 3> crar^T Y gif yqYa f^nr fa afa

FW *5T 3>T fb35TH a<FHT WTFrl ¥ aY gif faFTH aY qYTHYwT S aY

iTrW ¥ JH qr Ft fYTaPT 3FHT gYWT yYf qif YY 5JW 3>t <M I WI faa
YN ?t yir fbim w ft gTa^fcf ?r jew psht gtwr i

wrt tft

"qjtf^-J-ffiTars" HTW 3) qtf 3^ FT?F if J^TTrf I

3’T^r

ffFt wra^ ir "qftr^iFrs" st
35T Ft UT$ FFT ¥ I

q> ar^I 35 qrarfl §?T 3^a e?4
TPaTFr i

sptct 3 affeaTf^nf

qFP3 Wg qfFFtat atf SFT

¥ I

3> affrrrfqqT

et HrrTT

3:tw awn? 35 fa3r fb35Tfi 3>t aTaHTW

awrat ylr fa; 3’^ q^ftg^crr, "^qftFhrw" 3iY TT^y4 35T F^wn

faar i

afN3”ftM

ftw 3Fcrr 3)t 3H3>t w eiMSTT^i 3>r a

qrrra f3CTr ft fT jtw aaar
faaaprt faisrr^ i

qtf 35T

at 35t^

qtf it 35t<

iWnftrt'W ftw 35

if sjtfT tut? ftt

i

hf

3’1r yaar^ if g^t arffaptejirTTaTa; 35~

crair aWtaar 3> ft if gyr i

yrw aafTT 3; ftht^ ata? tt wftt waTa tft i
aim fa35 aY?a Y yaw art" gw

3FgTY .qtf 3sY HTirrfwa aYaw Y aYgar, wYar,
aY a? 35 qpT f?-ttfY if aa ar ^aar i

fttw

q4 aY

35t Fraja at qraw ftpar i
jttf,

wt araaa

gw tpf jraY aY frY a?Y

SJFT Y twt 3Y q~r=a gait faY qtf fwFFFfY aY wrarfYa aYaa Y

aYaY ar twt wbY fW i

crfgom wb f3T Ya yra bftY Yst Y

yfara........... u.

fg^» nfftw ylr tfFrr< nt f

gn qtfr^gnfr ft nW st jgft

qtf fdr I Hit ft niTIT UcT TFT f I

ftft tlSrSTC, fftH <TT qtf ft

fftcTW ST St< 3TOST H ft, fte ft fftft eft qTrTS fFTr f¥ f I

ntrnTU se tft ST TSft fl

ftft

g?T dft Fim st $?T Mt qte gtcft

5fT Tgt f, qq STT qTqST grHT gtft > fit jt "ScT-qT”' El?Hr TrF,r
TTtTT F I
yra st UTREcTT ST TrH 3gT ffifST 3tT yqfTCTtf I I

grUTV,

n?> ^s-d’ I d I i nt q-gft tft, eTT< Tgft tft etrft Tgt t TTH1 3H FiW

^TTtf jTt tW ft ft? W 5^-fflT qtf tft tfW ?IT I

W qtf

ft STT°I 37^-p! if gj-jn ^=gT

gl^j

st ?r=3?T5^r¥ qt tffae tft i

str eg ttsjth^t? hsu et Tgt 1 wtfs

gyf^jyji^ $ qrfTcTifffT

g*lft qtf ST BTST set ®t trfftST ^TT^q st > I

gurt Hft eTTS ft fWT?

fftUT e WfW 3’TS ft JTTHe ST

st nqirft st FTESJTennt1 st et

OTR Pa Tur F I
etf ytr fern :-

3’TS fem ft JTTiHS gii qrf St FT | RI (fts 3ltcR ft 3’rl’T SF'ft

st f3WT ft T> F Tm K< eg ZTg qrl nft F fft 3>TqfftS fftm
ST TTT qtf ft gt F3T qT I

TFT FTW <’TT^ qtf eft St STF-cTT t "IT I

qf J? St Sfft, egt gtcIT ?IT I

qW?T st cTTTnTTgt ft Sq qtf

st jee ST fftnT quT nt qTW

flirt l~dTyt

St tfteq ft Trfts

q-gn ft ftt^ft ST quiTT fftriT *THT 3t? gFit cpJTFT ft STqfftS fem
ST Tee g?T ’IT I

qq St UT^TrfT -’ft fft <Xe? ft gFT W ftt TTRT St F ^FffftV

gH nfftu tf egt fften e ftffecTT ft st fft tfrer ft cq-fftriM ft 1 I
jft fukt ft fsrrftsf st ?ft

qtf fftme <tt qtf fereTFT ?jt gFifn?

T^gtft 3R fftqtff st 3ts STTT TTT-^ fS^T I

st gn fem sgft 1 i

^Fft 3t=l ftt 0)5qT

crfftr fems enfg gts mt crres

"fem st fthts tt erm" ft fftah F fft fit jrqSis

3t?

Jnft TTSTetn ftgTftS qrftfs rite ft I

CTrftS

3Rft fft? Fife?

3’fere--------- 5.

fafa at nfa <mr t fafatird ait ata ?ft <

ffara aft nfaft t

fasr t nfh jaaft ^nr naan gtnt ant i

Jfatfat aETfaft it ffaTW t fatt ant 3ftr fa Fra Er

rnngrft-a aftga If aqratn gtt nwr i
ram man nnsrrat nanr war i

ga naataft faam t

far naan t fasrra aft an

atuTJ'T at safar ar fa Fra at gft <mr wraar 3?faft qar
arar trrrm ffar a’Yr fa at ram a>r spr maar mar arera

fanra an at gn qtffartanr at aE^rrsr ar

faur art nwr i

farm t er-nr na ?raq art nr far nt nn a’nurrar ar mat

nfa 3iq"t yKT at fanra t mmi- WTarf I I
nfaarnrrY aft jftm :-

at nrrn t fanfa t ^rfa ngr nfasia ffar e faanr

affatfanft t i

na fat t ata qrrn ir njn aw t Tfan t nt

yfm Wgrnqft e I

Weft Eta ??T tF aft WSE tlTTT Eaift 1 3ft?

■ftr E?rt ettt t >3i at 3tw aacFT at nnth t fHt ■fntirt t u4
ria? nimt fnaTTr t antaa anrrf t i

3'nT aanr ft t fata fsFa e i
s’ppt

t nta

a, ?aat sfaur

3itr fhw >, 3’Tt waar n’ftnata nt fgayna I i

“warat

t far e-rtt t at? n?n?t g’tnt > nt =^e qnrrne- gtcft %, J.

fgrg t fast att t xrran 3'fqarr ar raa arfarnr qfs at<

araa nacfr e nt

rtnr X fa t nfafa at ant snrr

ffar< far e nt gat ffa at fa q’font >, fa fl rnEa at wmr

nwt nt

qna nfr anna gTnt 1 3ftr fant ar ’ftaTsr fat

g? gaaft 3T3t ii S’TW 3!fa > I

r-rar n:^ rfafa art t ffa j^gft rn as ara ffa 3<tr

am e^ fa > i
rar atf

ant famm-a fann" rafa

nt ant ffa

jaat ga faHwr t 37HT t fat ;mnTt 3ifa faarn

arfaw nt wart i

qrfa 3a arfawt it 3*fa wnnr agt fan

rgt TaYfa am aanr if rfa nmr fanr awfaT crfamgHfa a eft

reT >|

stf nt nttf tt qgt sftnr gft <f>t< ftpST B6t t. I

hW ajr f<5 gg

ntsr 3’rstt jnqv t gntht ht?w t i

®rY?T wt

3tf<J>r FmjrcTT 3»ft9TH sft ^WTOT TTFT t 3'W ^PT PTSHt nTJjmT St

if §I3t t fcj¥ 3ft "gFtstcg"

5^fT

HFI ?t I I

JTTT 3RcTT 3> ^fhftqt Sfff Stt Ttt eft*! gtfr I I
ntrf tt sst sftnr qgt ?w ntt i

t ntr 3«t#T stet sftnr if ret t i

<35?f t i

t nffertcjt
tft q??rn

qt 3^ w

sttnr gtnt e-

3FST q-fTETF, 3F35T 9T, 3F5T tn, 3P?n ftTrFSTT 3*Tt ^9TST t FITTST
j-crft gn 5tst sfnnT if 3?r$t stet - stet eiwqr t i

3H5T nfn i

qrqr st fSH fr fsWIT t, 9? if yRT? Het’ X rjgfit 5t 3TTSt 5T9T t,
t I

SJTFTcT 3i <TFr! FJOJT attf

3ITfS / 3TO9t Stet cFfanT if gt

gg uitaq 3> fritr ^r wf 5?- ?gr t 1
C5T tf-nfolT £ 1

s? qtsq ?tq^ gt 37it fq^TFr

JT^rst t 3TS sf?T JTSlft ^1 9g fitST ?4T ftf 4>T€ JWtft

5tet Tfaqr <st

jh3> qtgq ?iq^ it 3tr>t ht^i ^tt,

3ptt,

?t<

jqt fq5Ta t 5n53>q if t?t 9S5 st’TT i
jfr 3'Tnnf Rgt t i

5B jrjjt nre qrHnr e fo>

3’tf 37Ttft (rftsr nt nen stet t i

iFTPij^ serf -.q^t 1

3> nt

ntrr jt 37it sftcH ffe^ if ngifhT ^Ff t rt 1 ga nrn nsT 3?r n nt
TO I R gf fjJcpTqcT I
%

jfr UTrp t "ft? JF5T ntSH

jts yrstfT

3)T fhjftr:

fcrsri sh mrg cf^T t
fit t

3’tt

i

i

fF’jrftr if vn srfHurnt q’ftncfn

r4irf^d1yn sth yr^fr g-g -fgcftg

nnr t i

ym srrnxft

g>r fn^t? Frgirr t ftniTO t, ne f^tr ftttT rqrfw crraF?gr t tsniTO
t i

fhznte wt nt mr % 9
jht arnnt

t nt n| jtttt g>n t stn st t fgi jt jrrt qtnn

nqurt if g>t£ ngqtn tnT i

tn^n Fqrftn

ym nt jt nn nFthr ftn ^dt ngf tft

jnt ntnn

if gnnt nrmv ftti rst t ffe 3'n

zjg ?fq^ g>T9T 5ft Tt gicttn fS3T< tnT e - WHt gt

Tr 3TOHt gt

aifnrn......... 7

PS

3nrf Y fcjT Y 3375 55rY & foY jY frrgg Y37 qjfft W,

3fg7t Y

5T^?Yt575 Y fgY 37ft ER- q-? 53gt37 33TY 31% 1, faffiTFT Y 573 37

rt 3f% mg YYryrfog fonr 37 7gr £ t i

37 737

37tY 37fT yfo377 °4Y 37T W ?

ym STSift 33*t7 gtnr
57 t YttY gYY Y 37? 5?

3fo?T ?17t Y q-ZTH ftTYt fo^TY Y 5g 733 3t 75373 7737 t I
yr? J’lotfY Y 373 3J3 3fi”f3g 7gY 37 33 gY 77F37'. % 3't7

5g > 33$ 3757 I

5g 7^37 3t 33$ 5gY 37 3337 g^foY 3'5 £}Y,

3TTfh, 773 yrff Y 577 37 3335 35 7f I I

fog-q-fofcH Y 3535

W gYY rr 7t I 3'Tt 3RgYY 3?i3:Tn gyrftrr 075337 Y ■forty Si fo,?tg

■four |

g3 rq^FTT Y jrfofofoyt 3>t Y 5eT cftr 5W Y 3TT 76 ? fit

5gf ^triY ?r g^r rt 1 i

rt F i

ger Yr if gr w fofo^ fry-fo rr m^nr $r

y-RT? Yr 3 fpcT^mr hjitr <jfi rgr

3BT $7 rt I I

i

Y ftgcH ruchnr YY

Tcfffg Ysi Y 753337 YT 3FT TtY YY gYYY I

3537 57 fo^Yg ytr ?nriR rrat ffryryt YY ^rforr :-

5KT3 ifot 57373'T t ^Y 31357 737 T7 erfeffoY Flfot 37

VSi 3T5 gjf t Jtg yg gY 3ffrT5 fryfo t ?t cpff Y 337 g3T t I
crgcir 54 > 77517’ 57 73Tfon 535737 Y ?3l?fot 37 yt7 3777 M

t "eint4-qrcfl ’ firyryt $r i

553737 Y HiT’tfi :-

771 fa (1 ct|q72J7 Y Fnpfo) ut357 555 YY "5gY gf557" Y fo^TTi

t fit gY t? |

77377Y 77373’t YY 37g Y gfo »fY Yr t foF317T 3t

nY357$ 557rT H 3lt7 137 3^37373 3773 f53fa5, 7t37 Y?T, 333737

yrfo 37Y37 33tY t i

yrn yrgYY Y fo^tg Y grt t 3r 3t Y 315375

1 37 Y 5gY‘ 3RY 1 f3 g5 fo^Yg Y

rtf Y57-Y57 £ |

Y nt 5731TY

57 fYY?fY 573ryt Y 75375 3737 37fa=3 Y 3?35T 37^ 337 7> 6 [

yfo73......... 8

$8$

■F^cfr HFtrraT it yt sfrt ^wfargY^ w t jfwt jtst arfg-,Fiq^qTo[Y FfrilTyT Y FR'ffl-H jffennft 31H 3TUHT

3Tfqi?> gtggrgr t I

OHcfT $ fg^Y? 5T H7qY$Y ?T KWH 3T

% |

t I

^HcTT Y fg^tg ?f ?T rlrT TFFH t? cTUTfi’ ^TpY KT“nFIT e ’P
JIMWT’jYt

'4it^i5 i cfl-g 3ra Ftq^ eYcTT

gtrft 1 |

gg FPTR $FTT ^hlT ^gf H.rfY 3Tl"fNn eY^t g 3TYe^ I

FP7T7 it FKI gYq FTRTH gPi I
SY qfBUR qy ?YYT I

3T FTTg B re” 1 I
$Y fgg^n

fisfr ^5

v.5

§?T FTTTR $Y cggF’JT F’TFrfYy "'<.T-'

rffiT "?fa4 STEft" fcTcfVE •

Y JHBYT

srifTB,

nr ft^ <s^ ■;> ’!>

orrt yrPs

$T ffe^iq crfflsjq fgUT ^T £ I

:c":

ggT Y 3»^ TfsiftlfiVf-lt"

ggT fg^Ye ’-?Y gT T5T

?% 1 i

?F-iT3 tft oF ■

FWT7 ST

uggv-jrrfgg, ?rfggT?ft-V 3’Tfgg‘pft

3'^g g^T ?i

ci| JTlFFTcig’ cttH ?r fM gyi^ $t crgiy fhsnr ^r ?tt I i
•g^T ^?T fM fr H^T FiiTTF qft FTHT B*ft W 9
ii cr crrg: Fitf^un Ffa

jyTeyq ^cf M i

tftt

STcsF

r’

sfr 1 i

J" --'’

"FTgftgTgT' w

FrTfgnn Fhr $ tch

g?f CTH

Fir-ngrg 3’’ly

t fg> g? jggg nTT5Trfly W ^gTfu- FTtfgng rig ft cith $ g"cj •-»,
?r Fig^fgTyt vt gt Fwrggrg

JTTcftq FcK | (S-nfcg-f :-

fhSrg q>I

g? g| | gi^rg

s^rfr it -r^c

^.fVrS’ e;7^

i

tssfr I

f^t^Y

yqrh

Srffi :

ygg^gt FTF^n’T ?r vs ctTftft q4 3-fr B i
Fgr $ qsnfarrfjT sit

i

ggrjr h e i

ygg

grSTcfT t I
fufspsy iji-Rf qnfn

srftgrT yt ^frc® ggfh

gqf

^t jcg

g*f §FeT g-nfanfyY s

gNY Y FIRI

awgrgr £ i

gg g^T fggrs

qr

>5| m~' ?

".''

frtgf Y jjgi ft er si;

>■

& i

3TTGF GFcT 3>TT Fite GF GTftft
ftft ft

’TTftte FcTT $ mGftnt q>Tifc|)CTf3TT

W ft

rrft nnteteft ft GT:;rteft 3«teft Tte rter tfgtr ft i

rrrr sft t i

Tinftnr rrtecrf nt Trfttet rfgtb't ft ft te ft rr^r

st unrh ft i

ttt ?r nt tft gw ft,

3 TH crftm aft fftGT GW ft I

nftf ft Tte ft i

gFrfhft t^f

FFT fteffr ft THftt jcpft GT'fUgfft

ftFfr et Fitet ft ?

jrnfte TtetefTf oft gte ten ftt^w ft zwt eftGTGnr gt
rfterr terter ft crtnHTEtf, GT Wiftrftef ft GTTTT STfs-lGTG ft tTT

ft w ft ftt ter ft

BH rrtenfarT te

3'fr tftth Hit ft

§Hft fterte fg nrtenfrT ftft rte ft tf w gfgth ft i

fft uf-th

ftt teter rrft ft Ft fg rrtecrftft ftt nrft GSte ftt Gwrrft fte ntet

jirftte TTtete era tit ft fttcw ftt wr gftttt ft nt
ten gf ft gthut ft fn 20 - 25 ntet $t rr te fs^ft ^?ft t teft
ftt wr nrrr qFnr W ?

ftt ft nte ngf Ffrfftft 3rrft 'ft tn ft sft ft

TCcIT cr?HT TTgft ft ITT 3^=ft jiG W5T cTTlft ft FGTG FFcTSc: n?ft ftt OFF

FT3T ft ?

ftft Fft HTC[?TTT ft Einft FHKn' teft St. ftt- fftHTt ft 5~i

c’Tft cFTft ft !

3rfteT3T ftefft ft FlTT 3T TTRIIFT HT 3FT ftef te-iF'r,

qmf ft TTFTte JTTftte ^Tterff ftft crfcTSFT IT fW ft I

Tte T.'q ft

tfTtenf ftt crfc^TT ft nt fifth futer, si^rit nftft 1
ftft jftte sTTeTT ft ?

erft'^r-" .rt

GF ^fteFT 3Tf FFfftft HFt 'iWft ffti gp '<fcr ft

nrijT <nt ftterRDi ft fftft §Gftor ttftt ft 1

nr te m GGft’SGT Gltr ir

Glirrft ft fftft TftqiT fteten te .ttt gt qt?r note rrr ft 1

gf ^fbrrr

nt jft FFrfte fteeft ft ffr rte ft enter ft 5:3 ft ns jgtt Frteft ft 1 gf
qrrtecTf 3IT7T srrsftft
&tet tft clteGT ft gelft ftte ft St T5F ^Tc. /' ft

nte 3!te teftTFT ft nt ete stft Trter mft B jnft Fftefte eter ft-nF ®rift 3irfte ft ntet te aKHtr ft fmGinr ft 1

nftte ft term c^ft-

fftnnfft gt ftjj) ft ^rf fftterft ft irteteft ^ft ft 1
fteTFT uteTFft.cHTft GTft 3TiJ tete GtjHTTpTTT ftft Tefft Site'

jinftT Terr ft nrtenfjt ftft refnrt ft ft fte'Trst sthtt ft 1
sjtg ft

ftteTr

nte nr Fte ftnt ftFqrsrft ft nt nte 3hft ftft wgttT $t 3tttit

SrfqTcT......... 10

T
JlO?
t I

jltoh

ftft ’tftHT ERTft M flT fftSTFF

$ q-niTcT ft

3fHcfT ft TTH T|tfft t 3^7 tffft 3’TcTQTJfS gt cfT 37fft ^HcIT

ST^PI

ST FTFftTT TTRfft t I

SHUT ST F>?ntn fftrHT FtHT HTfuft §FfST TfrW

'Tt TFft ft xfT cjn fftjJT STHT ft- fttiT T’fh'iTrT, T^fM TkW 3Tft I

jiTfttq TiT^nf ftft qrrfu naft efts fftqrftn t 1

FTRFnr ift

^3cf I

371^ frltl Flt^T wftH

sTfft t, nt 3tr nmr fsnr ttwt

i

|

ntrf

ee ^-hht % ft ritrt st fr^TjT

ST rTTTFfT STHT T^cTT t S'H cf 37f FnTFTT $ ffTTHITH
S?cl 6

hs

ftB 3ft fcfTT?

frl¥ T^T?T sft

Lfg JT7T7T 3FHST StCH ?W t, ng TUT7T 3Ht fqSTFT 3) STtfW

1 I

JTTttq STrfSrrf rftnt ft gft "fciSTFT SWT $ T^ST FT^t7! STrl 1 I

t?Ft

fTHft fcfSTFT STtfalT ftft 5Pf TgfcT ftft FSS fnSTlf ftcft t I



.....

_ —_ _____ __ _ -

ECCNQMIC GRCWTH MCDEL - A DISILLUSICN:

"After nearly four decades of optimisdism and hope that

economic growth and transfer of technology from rich to
the poor countries will lead to the development of the

latter." says an Indian development expert Walter Femades,
"most analysts are convinced that the assumptions of the
1950s have been belied and that alternative development
models have to be found."

But before we begin a search for those alternative models,
it is essential to understand; what is the nature of this

economic growth model ?

What were the assumptions of 1950s

on which the model was based ? and finally what is so wrong

with the model that new we have been asked to look for an
alternative ?
In 1950s, the economic grewth model was introduced by the

first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

Deeply influenced

by the Western culture and educational system, Nehru had a

vision of converting India into Western scientific technolo­
gical society.

With the exceptions of some minor reforms,

Nehru's model remained basically unchanged throughout last
40 years and as a result of these efforts we witnessed massive
development programmes on all fronts; in education, health,

science, technology, agriculture, and so on.
But,what is the ultimate result of this development? Does
our gigantic police force with all its modern sophisticated
weapons assure us security? Do the increasing number of
courts and judges guarantee us human justice? Is the urban
"development" society more civilised than the "under developed
village community? and finally, are the literate and educated
are more humane in their behaviour than those ignorant rural
masses?

2

-2The answers to all these questions are obvious. CUr develop­

ment efforts have failed to satisfy a common man.

He is so

much disillusioned by these development activities that he
has almost lost a hope in the entire government system.

In

fact he is now rebelling against the government and in some
parts of the country this rebellion is taking a violent turn.

All this situation calls for a critical examination and this

requires a criteria for a value judgement.

Therefore in this

presentation I shall make an attempt to define human develop­
ment, evaluate the economic growth model in the light of the

definitions and finally present an alternative model of deve­

lopment.

DEFINITIONS CF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Human development is defined in two ways; firstly it is
defined in terms of what a man “has", and secondly in terms

of tthat a man "is'*.

These two types of definitions give rise

to two different types of development approaches.
When human development is defined in terms of what a man "has"
e.
i.
T.V., car, knowledge, skills, institutions, organisations

satalites, and even atom bombs, then economic growth and
technological progress becomes an ultimate goal of the deve­
lopment efforts. This is a development model of economic
growth which is adopted in India since 1950, and it is a

process of elivating man’s struggle for existence.

The other definition of human development is based on what
a man "is."

Here it is assumed that man behaves or relate

with others on different levels of existence.

Sometimes man

behaves, or treat others as if human feelings, human thinking

and human actions are meaningless.

of mans existence.

This is a material level

Sometimes he behaves like a cog in machine

This is a mechanical level of man’s existence.
an animal level of existence.

The third is

Here man’s life is conditional

by instincts, rewards and punishments.

But the fourth,and

...3.

-3the highest is a human level, and is catagorically different

At this level man exhibits

than the other sub-human levels.

and strives for freedom i. e. freedom of feeling,' freedom of

thinking and freedom of actions.

In this concept of develop­

ment the efforts are made to elivate man from a lower level
of existence to a human level of existence.
a process of humanisation.

This can be called

After a brief overview of these two concepts i.e. development
as a process of elivating man's struggle for existence, and
development as a process of humanisation, we shall go into
more detail discussions of each of these development approaches

Firstly we shall consider basic principles of development
as a "process of humanisation."

teria for a value judgement.

This will provide us a cri­

Secondly, we will try to under­

stand the present development model of economic growth and

attempt its evaluation, and lastly, we shall explore a conc­
rete methodology of elivating man's struggle for existence
through a process of humanisation.

BASIC PRINCIPLES CF THE PRCCESS CF HUMANISTIC!-!
After spending much of his life on careful analysis of modern
technological society a famous Christian Philosopher hr.Francis
A Schaeffer said that the final test of human development in
any society or culture is this: "How humanly the people of
that society or culture treat each other?" He said that this
was the way in which all generations judged its precedeors
and this the way in which coming generations will judge us.
Certainly there are several levels on which people behave or
treat each other, but we can put most,of them in the following

four major catagories:

i. Material level

ii.
iii.
iv.

Mechanical level
Animal level
Human level.
4

-4At a material level people treat others just as a

of

flesh and give no consideration to their feelings, thinking

or actions. This is the lowest level on which people can
treat each other.
Dowery death is common example of material level treatment.

They consider woman as a lifeless object, something they

used for economic gains and then destroyed when found use­
less.

Also consider the '..'ay in which Family Planning

promoters behave with village women.

By giving all the

promises of canforts the promoters bring those women in
health centres and when the operations are over, promoters

and their promises disappear.

This happens because in Family Planning Programme people
are Ufeless targets and they become useless if they cease
to be the targets.

Material level treatment is new a part

of everyday life.

You can experience it almost anywhere

in government offices, courts, police stations etc.

Mechanical level:

Mechanical level of human existence is mostly confined to
urban life, and is a by product of our technological society.

In this society machine is a final source of dependence almost a God.

In the precess of workshiping these machines,

man's entire life style becomes mechanical.

Describing this mechanical level of man's existence, Eugen
Weber, in his book "Paths to the Present11 writes "the world
no longer belongs to men - it belongs to 'process' to the
'machine' that has taken over. Men are ciphers, their fates
inscribed in advance on the punch cards of a gigantic IBM

machine.

It is 'theprocrustean world' of Aldous Huxley, made

up by scientists - if mankind does not fit, too bad for mankind.

Animal Level:
Conditioning, indoctrination, manupulation etc are the different
words for man's interaction with others at animal level. When

...5.

-5people treat others as animals the efforts are made to change

their behaviour by rewards and punishments.

The animal level

treatment is clearly reflected in the present propogand'a techni­
ques applied in advertisements, politics and even in develop­
ment programmes.

Human level:
Human level of man’s existence is categorically different than

all the other three levels of his existence.

This is the level

in which man strives for, freedom of feeling, freedom of think­

ing and freedom of action.

When people treat others at human

level they give due respect to their feelings, thinking and act­

ions.

At this level mans feelings, thinking and actions are

not conditioned by the external forces.

According to Mahatma Gandhi, this is a level at which man gives
a response to his "inner voice."

Acharya Rajneesh describes

it as an awakened stage of man and in Christianity it is a

stage of walking in "light."

Man in the image of God:
In fact a man at all levels of existence thinks, feels and
acts.

But at a sub-human there is a lack of co-ordination

between these three qualities.

Sometimes a man is so much

controlled by his emotions that he does not care about rational
thinking and his actions are governed only by his emotions.

At the level of institutions we find that there is no room
for feelings, they make highly technical plans without any
concern for the sufferings of the people. At the institution-al level sometimes we also find that the programmes of the
institutions are designed in such a way that the staff totally
gets involved in the mechanical activities without feelings

or thinking.
At the human level we experience a co-ordination between feelings
thinking and action.

Mahatma Gandhi's freedom struggle is a good

example of man's existence at a human level.

Even when several

freedom fighters were shot dead, they were not taken over by
their emotions.

Mahatma Gandhi did not allcw people to react,

or to behave at animal level.

They continued their routine

prayers in all situations, their thinking was rational and

their actions were in harmony

with their feelings and thinking.

British could have suppressed India's freedom struggle at all x

sub-human levels, but Gandhi chose to fight for freedom at human
level, and naturally even the citizens of Great Britain supported
the struggle.

Human level of existence is characterised by a harmony between
man’s Reeling, thinking and actions and therefore is an express­

ion of beatuy, it is hard to find the explanation of this level
man’s existence in the given universe of facts. It is therefore
attributed to the spiritual jvorld__and is often termed as the
image of God in man.
The wholiestic concept of man:
When we consider man in totality of his existence, we have to

take into consideration all the four levels of man's existence.
This is the wholiestic concept of man.
At the lowest level man is a matter, he is flesh and bones

made up of atoms and molecule.

Access of deficiency of matter

in man can affect his entire personality.

At a mechanical level

man is a machine .... a macnine that pumps blood into all parts
of human body, a machine that keeps body temperature at certain
level, a machine that can calculate or store information, etc.

It is very important that this machine should operate properly.
At an animal level man is a fully organised living unit with
different systems like respiratory system, digestive system,
urinary system, nervous system ecc operating in harmony with
each other.
In addition to all this, man also contain in himself a higher

level existence.

This is a human level.

It is at this level

he distringuishes himself from animals and makes effort to form
his own identity through his own free feelings, thinking and

action.

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS CF ECONOMIC GROWTH MODEL

If ’economic growth model’ cf development was simply a process
of increasing man’s educational standard, economic status, and
technological potentials, then there is no need to subject
this model to critical analysis. No one can deny the importance
of economic growth and technological progress in man’s develop­
ment.
But the economic growth model a fall system, it is almost a

religion with its own article of faith;

Here we shall consider

the following two major basic pres-uppositions of the system:
1. Man's all problems can fully be explained in terms of what

a man "has".

If he has less than what he should have i.e.

inadequate water, food, shelter, knowledge, technological
facilities etc then he suffers.
his sufferings by -

Man can be delivered from

- providing "more" to him (a charity approach)
- enabling him to get"more"(a developmental approach)
- awakening him to demand "more" (a. social action approach)
2. The model presupposes that the process of development
should be purely scientific.

All the aspect of the process

should be within the frame work of science i.e. within the

frame work of "cause and effect." Anything beyond it must be
discarded as irrational. However if people still want to ding
to their religions then the religions and its beliefs should
be confined to the four walls of worship centres.

Religions

should be always kept away from socio-eccnomic and political

aspects of human life.

A moral vacuum;
Let us now examine the consequences of these two basic pre­
suppositions on our society The first pre-suppositions gives us a criteria of measuring

the status of man, society or a culture.

According to-this,

development of man should be measured in terms of what a man
"has" - his knowledge, education, certificates, institutions,

organisations, police force, judicial system, health care sy­
stem, satalites and atom bombs.
lebelled "developed.’’

Those who have more of it are

That is why Wester affluent countries

-2-

are called "developed" nations, and the poor nations, despite
of all their cultural heritage are looked down as "under­

developed."

No one seems to question this terminology because

economic growth and technological progress is now universally
accepted parameter of development.

If this is the final criteria of development, then why
should the Western countries, which are so much concerned
about the development of poor nations, worry about the atomic

power stations in India?

If development means only empowering

people or nations then why should they impose sanctions when
India develops technology for launching satalites?
The development model can not even operate in moral vacuum.

Our former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi frankly admitted that

not even 15% benefits of the economic development programmes
ever reach to the poor. The present Prime Minister Mr.Narsimharao said "things are even worse."

He infact expressed

willingness to hand over all the developmental activities to

the voluntary agencies.
A cult of science:

In their second presupposition the advocates of the model claim
to be scientific and reject anything beyond the framework of
"cause and effect" as unscientific and irrational.

There are two major consequences of this belief. Firstly it
gave rise to a major cult, a cult of science called "scientism"
and secondly the development process in the model became

mechanical.

Let us first examine this cult of science. The cult is based
on a faith that all that is beyond "cause and effect" frame
work of science should be discarded as irrational. If this is

true then the basic presupposition of science that "the world

is real and that the laws are stamped in the structure of
universe", is a matter of faith and can never be proved, or
explained within the cause and effect framework of science,
should it then be rejected as unscientific and irrational?

-3-

True science operates in all humility.

It begins with a faith

in natural order in the universe and then goes on to discover
that order, or those laws. It also realises that scientific
laws are only statements of probabilities, and they are not

absolutes.

If fact science only deals with probabilities and

not with absolutes.

The arrogant proclamation that all that can not be explained
in the "cause and effect" framework of science should be dis­
carded as irrational, did not come from the scientists.

It

came from people who converted science in% God and advised

us' to worship industries and machines.
s</cience called "scientism."

This is a cult of

This cult of science is probably

one of the most unscientific development in our technological

society.
Now most of the planning process of our development programmes
is in the hands of the follwers of scientism.

They formulate

plans on the basis of scientism in which man is treated only

upto the level of animal because in scientism there is no place

for a human level existence of man.

As a result the planning

process becomes mechanical and indoctrination, manipulation,etc

become essential parts of the implementation process.
The planning process in economic growth model appears to be
scientific because they use scientific techniques, and there
are several institutions which are totally involved in deve­

loping those scientific techniques. Their contribution is very
valuable, it should never be undermined.
Unfortunately their contribution remains unutilised because
the planning process is based on the basic presupposition of
"scientism" and not of science.

It is the "scientism", and

not science which forces our planners to treat people only at

material, mechanical and animal level.

This planning process

almost neglects human level of existence.

The programmes then

become mechanical and they heavily depend on sub-human level

techniques like conditioning and indoctrination for the achieve4.

ments of their goals and targets.

People refuse sub-human

level treatment, they refuse react to the manipulation tech­

niques, and then our planners have to manage their development
programmes without people's participation.

Mechanical approach and the problem of people's participation:

While we deeply involved in seeking people's participation in
our development programme, it is very important to note that
most of our development programmes run with almost none, or/"very
little participation of people. The fact that programmes can
run without people's participation is one of the basic chara­

cteristics of the programmes in economic development model.
This characteristic requires a critical examination before we

blame people for their non-participation.

For the purpose

of this critical examination, we shall take an overview of
the primary health care management system, which is a part

of economic growth model.

In- 3

Commuiiiiy Heaiih Ceii
From:
To:
Cc:
Scr«l:
Attach:
Subject:

"Shanker Lar' <s-ial@dfid.gov.uk>
<chc@sochara.org>; <phmovement@touchtelindia.com>
<secretariat@phmovement.org>
Monday. March 22, 2004 5:08 PM
TOR-MP-Heaith.doc; Pro forma for Commercial Proposal doc
Temporary Health Consultant: Madhya Pradesh State Team

DFID India invites your commercial proposal for above assignment in the format attached herewi
Yon can mail your reply latest bv 25'03/2004. The Terms of Reference for the assignment is aiso
attached herewith. Also, kindly send your latest CV for our record purpose.

T *31

Deputy Head
Contracts and Procurement Advice Section - CaPAS
driv inuia, ±>ntxSii niSui v^oiiiniission

B-28, Tara Crescent. Qutab Institutional Area
Hi -

0 016 Zi2.dia

Direct Number: 91-11-5279 3364
Tel: 91-11-2652 9123 extn: 3364
Fax:91-11-2652 9299
E-Mail: S-lal®dfid sov uk
W ebsitei wwvv. dlicL gov. vik.

This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Star Internet. The
sendee is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a pros
anti-vinis service working around the clock, around rhe giobe, visit:

3/23/04

terms of reference
Temporary Health Consultant: Madhya Pradesh State team

DFID, INDIA

1.

Background

a)

The Department of International Development is committed to taking forward
its Country Assistance Plan in India. This Involves working with four state
governments as well as the Government of India to enable the priorities
highlighted in DFiD's ‘Better health for poor people’ to be taken forward in
India. DFID India is currently spending approximately £20 million pounds per
year in the health sector. It is working at a strategic level with all four state
governments as the emerging DFID state strategies to support poverty
eradication are developed. At the national level, DFID is expanding its support
io the National Aids Control Programme, the Reproductive and Child Health
programme, and continues to be the largest donor supporting the national
effort to eradicate Polio.

b)

Within the four states, DFID support to better health outcomes is at different
stages of development. However, in ail cases we are seeking to define
broader and more comprehensive programmes of sectoral support, built on the
foundation of a State led and owned strategy for the health sector.

2.

Overall Obisctiv©

s)

Ths Health Consultant will provide technical advice to the DFID Madhya
Pradesh State Team and will be the principal source of health advice. The
main priority will be to take forward the recently approved District Health
Management and Sector Reform Programme, in doing so. the Consultant wiii
work closely with the Programme Manager, and a multi-disciplinary team of
Advisers and prccrarnme sta>>.

b)

The Consultant will also work closely with the State Representative in
contributing to the strategic direction and development of the Health Strategy
in Madhva Pradesh.

3.

oCupc ui wwOiiC

As a member of a multi-disciplinary State team, the Health Consultant wiii fulfil roles
that have been classified as follows:

a)

District Health Management and Sector Reform programme (£17.Gm)

The main and most immediate priority will be to:
o
Provide technical health inputs for this recently approved project.

in addition, lead on processes identified in Annex 3 of the project document,
and any other that may arise, in effective and timely delivery of the programme

Regularly review progress and maintain a strategic view of impact and
effectiveness of the Health project

«

*

b)

»

*

Work closely with the Project Officer to ensure adherence to DFID's
mandatory project management procedures.
Effectively consult with, and draw on inputs from the Madhya Pradesh
multidisciplinary team.
Health Strategy
With overall strategic guidance of DFIDI's Human Development Adviser, and
close liaison with the State Representative, provide the following support:
With the State Representative, liaise on discussions on health issues with
State government, technical agencies and multilateral partners in Madhya
Pradesh in influencing the development and implementation of the state health
policy (DANiDA led) and strategy (DFID led).
Keep well informed of key health policy and issues in Madhya Pradesh, and
remain adequately informed of concerns of key stakeholders and other
contextual issues through regular field visits.

c)

Contribution io Madhya Pradesh State Programme



Provide quality health advice to colleagues within the State team, drawing as
appropriate on knowledge and expertise across DFID, and taking part in the
review of other Madhva Pradesh programmes as required
Contribute to the development of appropriate DFID health and poverty
elimination strategies for the Madhya Pradesh State Assistance Plan
Identify where specialist knowledge can inform issues and facilitate provision
accordingly (including: recruiting consultants, assisting in the drafting of terms
of reference, briefing and de-briefing and monitoring performance)




4.

Reporting and Administrative Arrangements

a)

The Health Consultant will work for the DFID Madhya Pradesh Stale Team
and be based in Bhopai or Deihi. S/he will report io the Madhya Pradesh
Programme Manager. S/he will be required to work for upto 10 days a month
based on an agreed monthly workplan with the Programme Manager.
Frequent travel to Madhya Pradesh will be required, provisionally constituting
30% of time.

5.

Timing and duration of post:

a)

The appointed candidate will need to be able to start as soon as possible, but
no later than 1st April 2004. The posting will be for 4 months.

6.

Skills and Competencies

The Health Consultant:

a)

wili be expected to act as a source of professional advice to DFID in both India
and UK on issues relating to health, human development and their relationship
to poverty. In particular the Health Consultant will need good strategic skills
and technical Knowledge relating to health systems development and reform,
reproductive health (including safe motherhood) and priority health conditions

which affect the poor. In addition the Health Consultant should understand
ootn macro-level and household influences and determinants upon health
particularly, within the context of decentralisation in Madhya Pradesh.
should ideally have 5 years experience in international health development
work.

understand the broad range of development issues, including the aims and
practices of the UK's and others’ development assistance, and the policy and
institutional environment affecting development outcomes.
should be personally effective, with a strong ability to communicate.

ID India

Pro forma for Commercial Proposal
1.
■; NAME

STAFF INPUTS AND FEE RATES

DESCRIPTION

KU rsf

DAILY FEE

COST

j

DAYS

RATE Rs.

in Rs.

:i
1
I
1

I
L

i
2.. rTGjvCtGva flGi.iiwtjrScstiiG COSiS
Projected reimbursable costs should be shown separately in the format set
out below using separate sheets to provide full details under each heading.
Unit prices should be quoted for such items as air fares (stating the class of
fare envisaged), subsistence, property rents and local transport (where this is
to be provided by the Proposers).

CLASS

NO

COST

RATE

l|

1
Economy

; FARES Domestic

1
1

j Other travel costs (specify)

;!

; Vehicle Reniai for Locai i ravel
I On
Qnh "Fryrol
-UDIOta‘

'

1 SUBSISTENCE person/days
1 2.2
Sub Total
I__
ii ACCOMMODATION person/dsys City 1
!

1 2.3

I1
I
I



Cny z (speciry) i

Sub Total
1

S COMMUNICATION

including

telephones



1
11

1

■ 11
1
1

9

■1

1

1!

1i

i

i
8

i
i
I
i
i
1_____ 11________ Iin
1

____

1 DOCUMENTATION
AND
REDORTiNG
3 . ,
b including computing expenses
I

§ Any OTHER (Specify)

II
11

!

d
1

;

i

! TOTAL PROJECTED REIMBURSABLE COSTS: (B) Rs.

! TOTAL PROJECTED CONTRACT COST: /Af + (B) Rs.
I------------------------------------------------------------- —---- —_____________ _- ■

i

8
!
!
I
i

(aaTfozFZ) TH. n.
sth-3[^ 37

fesrnr

Science Centre (Gwalior) M. P.

RsfRWfr t-'J-otidl PRFT ’T-ST.
STU <Hl41l'’ld Trfw #

9^
- 96

14-15

•S|<PUI

’II'Im

<1^

Vrqf«iT

SCIENCE CENTRE GWALIOR (M. P.)
HIG-12, DARPAN COLONY, GWALIOR-474011

©

341027, 341395

4> Rt^ hi5^ iVe< 'qiltw ski ytxiiPw <^•4)1^

i.

q'^Hd ^r *r yfirerr tiMshH wm4) fq>*^Pkfl jU<4

vfj 4i4 & qrft

yffl

sjfa;

yRitaw

f^t^r <n?z{

rw tinnf
q,q^ «F>I T’TcJH jj

3<Tt

(*><-m)'’K-i — qic< 4- Hlfti^

J

mlqitfq Ppjf°T /JpfhT tq^cii WTjPT
' - '• : '

SETfel PRT-W

4)4'1 ??iFT> M)<4

'■’IM'bld

siqRqi/4l^j^/<>dilq'i mims< tiq’ij) sjuRyqidl

-.-MQ<£)q><.ui'

qtfforQi T^RTW

SllKM gRT

<jl^qi3(t (TcJ

qft 'dl'I'dlO t-q^zdl

tqit^ZT IJcJ qj4i ^7

thr4 4

qqi^dl 4> tq^di qpfr snfe rbfsSi 3iRiq>i<

q>4^

^FT 4?ht 4 qqiqul q5t qi4l<;iO
<-qwi

2-

qq['4<ui t-qit^23
! qi41 3Jlfe tn41 fafa'i'i qil-jHl

«iM4<l{1

c.n/GK-

qf^n

4?

9ftrgiut i

t3ra/t3rar3ft'

qF^exi

i.

HTq?-\TOi

2.

,rfr4

3-

‘T'R qn yq’m

qrft

4■

4)4'1 <?n> m\4 (jq sraftqr Pi4’<u<

5.

srqRqr 4fad
qn F'r^fcrc’i

qfe RftRn qw?t u44t tjq w

wJi 3iufaraRtf

63-

WR SRT

Midi

BTTg

Pitlti

qlfeql

Pbw/tvii^s

$fr/Mk«

Pltlisfr

i^PjmI 3?T «fHcbl^

y<;^'il/fedlA/?ilMi',lild/«ilct>'iidM>/<^l'=tilyq

oqioMH/MT^

-^iqpqi

WWt Sc*JTfc I
4■

'jii'l<yet>di q>i4y>*i
tq-^dl WI ^I?4T 3ft 3jiq|uid

R'frsSt qitf-'ild 'ddtiM'J)

yq^M/f^^H/PPra/’TRft/Pft^T ftrfY

tvii^s

5-

’frfeftT yPfftft 4>|4<M
rhhr q<

3)14^141^

6•

PPf

mjtf

p4Ffrf

PrH

+M5H

ti^SW <frljy>H

TTF?1

3?1 «TRT

OTBT

Midi

Wlf <*qqwr

^1FT

=6^

<qi<^q ^Prartf,
73T=F Mlsrt

7-

srfI'
8•

dthn OTzfa iTcf

4ld< £RdJl l^>d

Midi

q 1 q<jlPiq><?i q^PA^i'i 3?t

10 $ 12 Wr

^3?qT^T

9.

wht

smRi^iyY

U'bHlsll^ ^T ^dlRRUf

q^Y

yqqq

Pr^ titdl qie< iPdJl Pfe
}

JRZJ gfa

qFfr ]

aq>ql<;tl'nl q>i yq^fq

e<xiiTi<.ui

PPr ^Pic^i'i mi4> er Prufa

jcMiqq

( RlfcoR ) HOjy&r

W

^Ivi Pl^lM

mRm^

3^r?q :

*1 ^RlIrRfi UR, RIUR

SRRl (Tcj

ROTI

<R>RO Pfr

Rnj 0? qfWHI JHRlPra £ I 5U^F

srfcl ^TRRRI, RRRRlft

IR #W

:-

I .

“RUt (jq f^Rp] ij URIRR <R WuU0! $> HR JruPro uR 40 R|R>IU I

2.

UPR-URlt

3-

Wj Rraraq, Tflg?^ (R R On U’ft RPR T^j

$ JR

zpi jjqpj |

UJ^ra ij KT«R

Rwfl

faw I

HqR

UHOTT |

4.

TRi (R

5.

RRM TRi?l 3jrjRl7UIUl

6-

<^vl-<sl?f

KIWI

UUfl jfo] ip f^r Rqf^H W? TRUTI

TSUH

witM FWrJl “THTSltl 3>T

RkxIP. cf><r1l

I

I

7.

Fgvtf i{ R1IUR ftWI

I

fa.

Tf|<27yf^n/T^T^/3<?ra

’te^TR rtw

9.

FftRT! zjTJf

I

qx faftppf iT<j <v^jj

R1IRR irq R]^f =pf^J 3{wlfaa qRUj

q?i 3j[tnpja ^r,it

ri

URRn :

uth fWi
(RH FRF

qra Rhth ^pi trr
3 TTJ I I

303 5

<1 18

<uz tr Tifou

:

wi *n ’rt^vvl
ftra*TR «H?

5Rn

<fe(T I

5) <Rrai £ i

S I

i

|

:: 2 ::

virai ww (ftiaw) si at stmji £ i

miHuf.

jnpj ij ara tataw tkfwt aifwar wataai i

3jew, otiew, afaa, ns-afaq 3fc attain ta a^nai

ii wi sft 0 ^aia sW i
'biq'tiiR.'fl If 6 <RF?

ftaai/n$lq

I

:

<$

siwR’ja hnfqT fW^ frrai qq

|

<k'l HF I'olt :
q?t OTFfcl ta W *R lF?a ta 3F3 ftartf if

ya<3a an hfi

:

1.

satai ?hqi qq asa q^ A anft

2-

tafiaa

3.

5-

RTRHTT t I

si <wai h, aatasra qa; q^ qq; i|ar i

3/- f. -i>n q^ tTi aqwi qn*i Pin ^rrtTn i

yfaais 2/- f. a^Fiai :^q?

urtfiai usf?

4.

$3 qfcHT qjf 3PWIT

fm *i ^nn q^ai sW i

12/- f.

an ^:: qn

qai =n aqqu £ 1

w.^ai qnlt ’fl us”j q?l

qftqq qfl are *i

qqqfi

Asq? ananqq;

1

1 ^q; niFn ’iqa, PrSI ^3 q?i srqi *i qi

Ji :ia .ii si aqqfi £ 1

6-

^aq? tj sis ’F qi) sfWiql qn

aqFfarql, q^a&i’l ata anm^ qWaiafi

faqR ftaqi ^n uqvai t 1

6.

nftqq qft taw 501^ qq 3<Rwr sn^n {pnaqq; 3ta ara a^y

7.

3jvq«

t

ar^taqffi 11 aaivqy Asa; anijfaa n uaqfi aitquRn qR aqqq t 1

<r

-3-

kt snkn<t sk ktro kt kkkkk ^ft fkFii kkt i

8■

kk

9.

Tk-kkT HgTO ktkl 3{gqfktf^ kt TOFT

10-

ktai^w

kkl “FT *ft$ kkt I
?jto sk spq jjto <rfk qn k^r-kkar kRt i

11.

ioo/- ¥- 3 3fc <ifti

12-

TIRT 3H 34^1’1 WTT THTOFF kt ksks $ 'FlkFlftk kt <ig*lld $ ?kll I

skt

km sjtfks zn kp if w kfar

to £ i

4lftk ^31

wi kz kt kn ?kn i

13-

ft^M 'FI^FF 3j|ql|v1d 4)<A k Rm 3I^ra 3|qA 3)Rl4>|< 4H kk “FT ti'bdl q

M.

I

ftul4

’Firtk' =F>ikFifkft kt k '4m rafki i

kt

ftrar Rrro

k«5lkf<Mt fWia rar $ kkf ara Rran kkr? kt sirarsfi kt H^roi

kn i

15 •

Tnk tfez kt kkt

=rra (kn mR.44 k 3iv<ra 3k' <iFk kt fkk snkra i

XWlRld kcklkk:

i.

ft aw qtd ki k^Traro t-4-^cii

■4<ni'ii {kt krra{

i

sikkn ki ki ki kt arrpfkt tFi ftwi< i

3-

’tk k qkt Ttkft vtH+iO i

4•

56-

’TT Sfitiiftd 'iie4>/kd/L)'l«T kl< '-fit-ii kt <^*11 I

iTrRTO/mk krkkt/ftkk'tTm kkttfkki i

fikto qa trkJi<ui 3jltph kV-kHft kr<ra kn^ kiR 4toi kt kik 3nmr
nr ftrai kt Trra <kta wro kt Wmwi kks ankftra 4^ 12

7.

nd'b/’fk kTO/^rkiraft snkfkd 4.rai kt >k-vkiI<+'<ui i

<*><■£ (fW4f)

fannff 3R 'I IH

<F6TT
ftfa

fafa

fhfa

fafr

fafa

rf-'il $ W'yal
fHT^ttd’ydl
'IR/kR^t w^sdi
kST^t w^wdi
TO <k ?raf $ tdAsdl

W jfttd'ydl
dlHdlrft W'Wlt

tdA?dl___________
(Wl dW'Sll ^t td'^Sdl

■dLM<l/^ Mfddl
y4i<i

XPT 5> d’lVI
iwi WH

(fcf)
RR sfa

5HRR

3TS]lfW

yr<<'" Pda141

________

(kj 'OT RT d'Mi tl

•R'il'M

3{wi<(<t> m =f^t WT'PT teirfi WW

I

'R 5R

cbl4
5P6TT

=F8TT arWifa^l

ijcfk ux
f^r,
td'W d'A
r^RT^t (4-<}dl

______

tdAidl
HR5, 'HR $ M'Wdl

W'Udl 'pt

W'Wdl <£t

'HI'IWdl

JIHWdl





SOT? $ td'Wdl

M’Wdl

frWdl________________
dlQdi ift W'Wdl

3R-ft 1^1 <R3(f

M^l

tR <iidd yul'l




’d'-M'-l/^ Mpd-ll

<?'h|5-i/AhIq>'1 sr whr
tF^ ?'FR’T 3{TrtW(f

fcsta.pjR^’ifauta
Ko d>tll Jfwifa't’i
Uff nd* qdHT 3{WH<t> 3rrft cf>WI

----------

-

.

.......

............

------ --

did!?* “^Pht'ld H'dSdl 3>I oflWI *<.'1

. J

r<1l{ M<il*l “R dd>dl ? I

fifa

td'ydi =ft

3IRRRRT

ferenrodt t-M-e^scii arai<aH <aa

vuhimiJ to ara

hRnro to ara

aftTOT sft W'Wdl

TO TO S$t MAidl

HHH $
H’WI

Hldd-TO
Pl'4'-IH’1

TOsFTOTOT

W^rll Fr

?T

fWna srs aror/aaai FF t
XITOTO HW a ‘frisi'l SR Fai
SfF TOT JRT/jfH SR TOTO srtiP<
3vTO5 Ref <F fHTOTHR SR SjfTO URH

F kt
?i nF
F nF
?T ait
F ?F
F nF

WRH3TOU
TFfT s^t JS^/iRR 3Jlfe "ft TOli
TO^tTOli
TFfl (TOM') sf fTO ^*-4 wsdK
SR mmI<i
UR «IhM to Rife at-sj^f si sti

F
F
F

isRipff $ 4tro qsf Hiro/sre to aft sr tou
!|j1mih4i sr totof w h ski

F
F

Trftirot $ w^stii/o <aii

F_ hF

^il-qiaq sfr W’Wdl s£fRIJ TOTTO
hiTO TOm safe TORSI TfrTOT $ TOTO
^ftRITOsft TOTO

F
F
F’

tfldiui sit?i<M sr torsi to
Pltllfw sft sHePl TO
TO $ SRTVf TOqftro nft TO farfW sfl TOU

F
F
F

3TOTORTI


dP’fd TOffift/aF
fwi Fa aFa x/u: aFa a/^ a4 a

FFFt/rto? a asp rr/efF nF

hF
hF

aF
nF
aF

Pa^ifW a ^toF sr 3frro
REIRRafefiT

hF

?F
nF



TOWdl
3TOTORTI

hF

aF



faro Fa aFa 3/®: aFF fyp; aF 4
fwF Fa aFa a toFFr aftro

F

nF

f<roF Fa a^ft 4/vj: a^ft W a4 4

faro nr hnft toto sft 3n<Rti4>di gi

stosr toto ftfwf

TORRaaniai4

sfi M^dl <R HeF<M 4><H F fift Mdl'l F tf^dl 11 4? HcWd SUldinF ?RT, td^dl PrttCHF gRT 41 3R4IM1 FTOlF 4RI fsPH
<WTltl

unicef
tfarCT I»4 TO«: J41H<Tl 3f. srrF asiTHTTO 4WITOI, ftF TOT, di fecF ift qPttl'fr, tn} TO3^- F.
[6^15'i: < 4 I'Mfdsfa'I, Hi fecF

_________

C

^7 tH

tTRFT «r> n> f*4

< R10

fnurf-UC *4“4d ifTfftpft fkv^fsrairW
XT?
T4grfq<lld4
SiV>4K ST.
nT.^. »ft, st. ^trto twis +Wii4r,
ST. fSTTHT 4|{, ST. <j«*id xfSZTT, ST.
fc.Xft. -GTH, ST. X^.^. funrftjST. XT 3;.

ap JiPio

ravff vn sthwt13umji«<j<

stjott vtffh x^f ’srrferr

mR«T

Sjiifa+f v?r arft vtnr vn sran fcmm

-u

J i| si fl ’ 3i

tra xarfcar if Piwdi

n

rftirax wga Pwri insryt x^a
a <; <P x'^- sthj mi Pt*f 4 TTsfsTrt yrr

■“■

TFsr^hr wrfciH^TTH <1*4-44 <4'164 1*141^ dl-M-XI ft ftS
vft «H (mtII-I 4>iit4 if <S^44I, SfcPTT,

cfxxll <talPi«ol WAwrxJ

‘ <-l«3<, p4«41, XSSFI5T, X.M'14',
| siiHlHIg.^MlTCTT.WU'fW.'WTT,

'
, ,
------- ---------fe^t,ST.
■J' 3^<
- - fag
--- lllftd
...... frl
;‘

yf.sxfiy.faHra^.K^.^.
a^P, xT<fflr, wrasr frajtt,

'Mfras if sn?a aw 4k......
vrra.47.-3-.iTT. ftsiws frr3 e wrft

.

,

kt w a



SIg)4*i4«Swift
sfta xnr raja
j. afttar xffatft
.TTTf<*l r«<4$ 44£J«3<.
y. ftfir xjmww vnssr, vpnr Wf

3
**t

ftnwnr sRtH swift wir
K«flT, wft tfrft xrvift,

■■

^- ■ - „, ;w,n.^y,»Mat4Wcll.«ii(W,
» ttw
>44< rwjO.^xnifsfeTn-

TYr^Hiny

fttffeft sxftara mfafaftf ifa ffetm;’'..
mt wi'id xmstmx jftxx -;.
XFm 3XT
fat ftt MM-lfal
XTXrf. wnft feta xfaer^ ft fam T^„ ',
.« V feta
-_!t- art
— Tmjt xi»Mfe
. j_ mxft
»• yx Tmfam
r. fernjjm.
x- - _
XXUUX1 faURTU ,uit .ot4t4 jfMt ?,
IfeR • xffaif
W3T. t-OTHR RTR faxC -’ .: '. . '_
............
Xfffetm fax
TTX "if’f, faftl
7 7 "...
ffemt1
tsdwm farntxft iftgiwd ft m«i
Mimes41 *t. feta
art ‘Mifagt ti ‘ill -feta, 313
fife mt
............................
.... <uifaux
., , v..............
' *jt 4>i4sbH “X>t ffaTX 44^ ... "J.
TU '41tri X?| 3RX farii if tfi UT£ T5TH fax Rlt
fax. fafa^ ffa "fax
XfJ? fat xt’ ’TUT faXT
xrft xu sunt fast MiX'iu
fafaa uff uf t, x) thxu uritaftn w ii prifsTR xfat yj«n4.'i'luflKtfa ifzx uff xfa fajifa
’ft xfafti 3x.
fawfat 4\s0.' 3xi fatrra. xx yruf xfarat fra, * ’.
xuiftx; -sfra xti ji ’raifexx afa?? a<ifau< frgfa fast xt ttt ti d-fft «fa<fi fafa ^fafa xrarat jit x>.3- ',
r FTRsf
sraitf X3 xxr Tuifcqx ut faxfaf rau sn»TR fam sn'fat^fat ^ 3i^ ?mi[raf/ ■
sv^r xft Tftfar if <ru fam nm fa xrra
x? xfawn .
m’mxm ftrarax faj,'; ^-.Tft' \
&™’ :. xtfamt d<t>«ltf fatilffu' r'.’n^3
■ fa -nufer
UHt imfa % m3 Xftfe STU •*fell'’ fax XX PulH,
1 (mYiH gRggf mt Md-t fam mim,jiiI -mtamuf .if Im 4 M -bfa fa dfa-l m<wi «d0* xRx mrnaftcft, uRra^.
3nyiT XmZ xft fa >Mlfc>S< Xt rnfef
’ XT3 ffen Xftfaf 3T3ft Tm3 xffe
xnxfam
5>^3V? •
ra.JOT
-j^V'
'- .-ta mm ^rni raft fe
taft mr mt Wtft ffefaf
....... .-■-■■
„,,,mt Tffawr ffaraf
... . ffirta
'">.-. -.u^ter,, R<X5 far ■mrH T.Tp’i' xtat tm3 ft
muft mi mifin fafau fa ft7 mtran
•Ufat
fejfa
meTffeTX
«t


l
,
l
u
ft
■•
■i fatjfoa"daiij,ifti m3 ffelU femff . ’ ffem mtifa ft • PraRSX, 'ET. xfi 4t ■ WM|i
ffeta ftxfafe
atfatau mm
xrami
ufa ,
g>i<fa T5R5. xraj famra ■im’S.J
'-■ rntferft mt ffaftmftfex mtaf mt. fafa*
me xfai
frill utaf Iran k4 fex ftftfef ■
X^)<H3 tfe-fzt arfturu fe- 'mfarnift ^uC- ■mtfjpnft
ffetm gi'i^fam mt m>h ml Ai v?
ft *m4«ih . ftfafa.-. xxim mr xu Xr^. xrmv mfaft rnim^.'7fadt,j •
:. xlMixIfra, . xfan
. "mfa ffeR.3ffef ufetfe^t *m.41‘rIfeft.' mf/^fa-^an ffen «5vftciur
fegft mt uxjta m3 ffen mrntmft ■ mfu ftztmt w rffe srmn unfa mxmt mm' mt mxRjTsT. fgnVmrc;. .
ft TTX?; fffttl sftf trafa xfat siqfel ' ft fadl'm fa.AmiO.ft fax ffefaf mt.. . 'txra .^(141x1 fa’xfatiT?’! •..Trnfam,?:
; ffeR.ftt mmin -MSHmlmi •
xfawn .umt yifam atfemfafe V x=t vRfa; »ft ’ir^tp x&.mfast,'-:
'• : • ' { -fatfmf ,mt fem ft XT «ft 33' UfaWI./3^'mfeiliMlfa.Xtfeta,. '^#cft mfar tit, xmTra^.^.isftmft;;'
- : [Hornum
.faUFtm im
fafagft
ft TOT fe, Xft
xxjJT xs.mxx,mt>,
<h ' .'CT-mKffitf
:T7^.f». faX>mfaf
'yxjF1-*1 mimfe
711
■ ^w^V-Wy**
Sj'
yg wt fiqfftaf faMMixm =tnfa .
V? '( ?•?’’ ^fawr' W xrfct.
.^niVef.fiwt;
'^h'ftftxE fcjvrfdi miifflttf fax. xfafarTm'swfan fmjfa trni imfaA ' ftfaf xs • Asfatf;
.gtCT;
mfaaj fi ufti faxfaf Wt . mrt fa,pt-mf xitfmffifafaw , unfa mfa< ^zx,-tti anromxfttxl:
faw ^t sfamf mfa fax fafra ■' ^fa
•^Fx mrfmx if ijftj
xM^m' frmf mfa mt <ft mm?x '3Rf mrabyt mx ffa mt.jffar. .rniftra farn^A^.-W
femi ■ ■.■
. ■ , . fafatrfi msfariR xfaK-fa mwt- fom ;! >
;
-J ' fem mt mvwm mfa yx
fa^fa xfeaat mi4mx if fam, -ifajut^: m'fatnfaf .^'3t^
.'■raifa^ * Wra mffern yaxra
mrammifem if mn. gt.
Al fe*i.
m? t farnmf ^t aw fam fa xfa mut mfaf .mt yw fe ftx .rnfcxK
? ^-7^:
it ffen faw if mrrmft mrf mfa: . .^i fe ffext mfe urn mmt 3m Aw ;
i-wxfet if ffem faw $ mx x?t fawn if mfaffe w
tft ■
3fat surf mt fera mW zrfft ■
■fa«qfawx. ft.
mjt-.; ttwfa,-, .Wfa
■mm fa uwmt
mm ^«ra amfet,wfatfeu f: xtfev m^Fgx^. x m
,-y%m
m» tu mi mfa &fex X? wifa zufamx ftfaxi ^rut xfaifaf-.fami tt’w* ifayVA
-ffenfaftfamVm stata w fa fferm ru
i - ■ ’mfaxu uxjfa m3 ffeix Imumr sunt ml fa s ft x mf ft
'xi’lifa mt
xst fetx
feta mt
TFT ffem
fffet xftufam xnft
fet rnfa
fet mfe
fel3 if mfacx
gills^l Si.
ffl.
!miifa
_____
__
4t—; ...',.'O, ... «A —_^. ____ _
;ft 3T3 mfe ftzf faifam ftt m3
fe 3RRTt XT o™-gs
ffefaf uft

a

th WRn Wfcf
Hh6h: 343|o3, 343905,

3^3004

renpRRR,

----------------—IdjJxxlili Tf^TT

Tjq^
O fW^T

tfr

W 3
.

^tfw •
.n.|<

^if^t
4 TOTR afifi.
roIm fifiiRt d PiRt fpaii affifit d> rttrr d Rinat ffi Rtyt fariH Rftafif dr rurr
Hiiqtad pit RTptfrRl Pad JRRTJR 4-« fi fafipt R^Rtf d rirtr fad ad rte- d fits fit 'fire dRR fit Rrafiw't' TjfitR
dt RPR RfpR 3R5T>1 Rpfp PPIRl fpt RFF- RtRn^ ^tfitRH fit afiRi ait. afitd atjt ffi Raifid fit pi Rfit fi. jr ijfre d ftaiR artafi
RTRnfi dt RpfpR RRTRt fi fFtd RtPlfldl a? rrt a^ Pta ffi ata an4atR d anfitRt fit fifit fit fttd fit Rift fatal Rtfiai anfiarx
pit tf. Rft.pft. RHP iftfil RP 3FR JJtFSR R^Rtf dr pad and finntcdf fit afififidf an RRPtRH RiaptarR jd d Rd airHR y<stfi
fid anRit. andst'R d hfi fid Rtfi R»tt wd rtP PR Rd Sb
RptRiRt fptnRta dtRSti^ RtRfaft dffiat,
Rppf pit TORT-RR Mt fid PHRd- Mpfp
daa, fit ttprtrtrt arm r.rt. firatRta .
P RRTR1 ffi a>i4st>H M Rnftct RMt fptllctpf fit UIPl4 RdtM TilPSI, oRTWdl ?M filfi
fiaar 3 fafHR fauraai d fiatt am
fajtH Mfwf d *i4*h1 fit ■’titt'K'l top pit Tftd d> ppft pit XF^at pit ntra dr fid djnpn, RfjRn TRSRt RFnaftRrt ait "st Rirjft
fit Tift Tip HffiR pft bM'WI MR RJP fPPR- RRX iftpn fire wiER PPtf an lift t. dp^n, Plot* 4fi< 41ft -vufit anvil <sis<»><,
ffiafi jart. fiaatd
st fiipiwa jr ffiz dr pro IdaiRtR and ntd dt ant ar-Rt a.Mt. firaiRiR dRd fifiiltl ait a^q
d fttatfif fit Tpprfira arra jr w ffi rp artRRtR d> jRttpit d tirir fad an Rd StpRPR, RHI3R pd r^ri ait RWRtfi, aapt
fauirfpf pit RlRt-T[RRl Rp JRt-HR O* RFtt ait xjstn aft fifa pjr add.
fit SIMP ■JUT fit atpai fiSH, Rirpfitat
atajid ptjt fdt fdiptt dd Pa a<Hi jaat fitPidP R3IP drRPRt tRJ 41 fit, HITRfHPT
d RtHTR fit RHt pfl Pit PPP PRPt Rtffifi.
firaiRTP fRPERR PTT^ dr PRE arfi, P.RI.
Rfifd PTfl ffi HTP-ROj Rp TPTTTR Rffil RfpRiR jlat •RtfjR fd> Rad d^si fi
ao at?, fctpn pit atjt pit rrj aafi rr fituictq fjtKpr. fid, fit. fimild MtREPtfiRt
apaatH pn ffiren firn arffifi.
. StPtPTRTP^PTFlfPtPvftp-aWaiRlMi. dtR=n atjfaat fwara Mdw ft 41 aiftd. ffiat.
r^ri Trfafpfp dr arafir fw pit rFppr r^h d' pad pit 3tmim Rd, dd wr
jrfit HftfitiiidR dr pt. apRiatR fjdfit
d Rinat ffi-siaRai firm, MtRiRidrRjfitn
pad ph stfMRP toh fpm fptrft RiiRarta jtd PiftR ad? rtjj dt rrrr Idt
: jutatn fit TRiftTO d fatat pn rji fi. 3rn RratatR jd rp ■jq-RMi’ftR fro 3td«at at ati'imt i6 a 17 fitn^T fit andarR at
'■rj tritn rera frat % pft jr dfsRt pit ?Rt?i aa; Rtd d aaiRt fin fetOR rtj
13d ffiwait' dr fctd fit ffiaaftR fifiwp
djlf-t* 3ftR pad attad- ati41 fita ffiat an R?t t. fif. ffidfit d atnat
rpr w dr rhst xfitan dr ffid top fitfHP R^fif
ffiat an RpRn t. a-fitd RtTOi fit ffi jr Rttad, RHtR>id’ fit opiMi, ftiaa? rp piri far fHdrpR are d a^ pfRs firnffia;Tpitdraa
pdra fir ^irh aran pw arid Ptd fttatfif dfinK apt ptr! fartH pfiafi dr RtdRH dr pa^Rtf d aafif ad Rifilfira add. fitarfit
pit RPR RtlRP Mt itW 3, JRRT fed ardrffit jfd. fitR R^s'fil Rd'ifit*i dptft fiwfitaot dr ptdrRR fif. atfit-wi faaiRt

(RRT yqiqpldl)
•arffipR. RnjR dret fit ara ffirn
qfiqfif 3; «H-c4<4<« fttWi RP pfiH-3H
TRiffiar fitR TPjs art daa: 'Mwravanat
a^RR MMfapt fiftieth fiRRR d RRJtB
HPIdd, aiffiRRT SlPkdP aft SW d

ft

C

qTW

Tqrf^V $■ g^q- MT
¥T S3H n<f T’S'cTI JU <

tR *dtfri4X if fatxndl $1 afiolfl*

X^ diHdlril *FT +^<3 <Mfxlf~<<tvl $3

1K^'<

«4ld AjhIH* <*,•$]cl! '^{•dl X^

WT Jil'Hpid fen U4 Mfrw KM f-WT

It .IX P (EF

vrf^i 7^ 3W Amtell

yar

^.T^.syra.^.^XftwftjT.y^. y< «mct <nr ¥ *n«i< ftrjt
3T©W -Hl4«
3KH
I
Pwta'I
Vnj ^>44 d<!6H vfl’TI
tf f<$
5TTH fatfl-i
R fc“44l, <fcl*II.

wr
3th fem ^fer3 gF^t felffet ^5T‘feq?f

spst ?r vaa rtS

*zpt tc sjw

rhim yqa fcni rrrargr tjinir Trrft xth
fieFtarc^t Rct?| TT^hr
Rt^d *r>k7l F JT.
y. ^nfPR

. y.

jr^
^(cil

^z«jt, wpnr Wt

___ ______
.. ... r)-_--...-^—^..--—--s—_ --^7?
mngx, wfwr
^j?t, fv®r, njste, ttff, «hk,
____ __
_.
. j. ■ '.*.
* hth * ^rw
*t 'RrKT^ttxr, Rrr^aRMxFr4t
•■UfliJC, ferft,
i.M'I'f, «” r7*t. mr.xjjff.
,-.- . Clfed.., «n. JHi<i*<
ararro, u^TOR.KPtR.xiw, •%
’T-^rrfHK»ufnd $i
*T^,-T-^^T^rr^i
.
-ptfrr, iHM
rvU
’snfeux if
yeffH win
Tp
^Hfo^.^dtiEHiHircw,
yf,(•Mrajft, d<‘j«i, trrfk,
A" ;j<.vj>rf
^ih Wff
<«ni* «v*“ ’»'.?
»* fri<m<Tft*iTir,
y
U«frr, WRHT fiHJjG, WWJ7.UI. ftdldfl frr^ # SFfft
KTrT
'~^d
<fezT,
•<Jdln<^,nhft^dilda<fepl^ Tt SnrA TraH JTO STgH tfttT tTX
rw,
hWlM ^T g^TT . faffrr XW'MKI 'frrajtt, ’hp+rc

:^i

^__<±.Rrferar, wit yar
flT^SHi^T

«..'

^5=?^ (aaifefirz) ar. u.

Science Centre (Gwalior) M. P.

<l'jflM'‘li^t

PteM H.*T.

SRI <Hl41Rld ■w4^l?il #

9^

14-15

- 96

■U^ oRi'i

«nqfa4

SCIENCE CENTRE GWALIOR (M. P.)
HIG-12, DARPAN COLONY, GWALIOR-474011

(0

341027, 341395

i.

mtt g^repr

idiMd hr q< 9&gFf «t>i4s^>-H wH-ql

4t4 1 Midi 'FT MMUH

4’e 3ffq7 4FF I^Pb-M Mld<{

<4l"-b FTFlf

f 414

EFT

H 4v? &-MMR - W 4- HT^TS

^lldMM fWu( /jpftw t-M^dl 't>l4$6*i
sTFrf^F Pi4w

'>{1^'1 F?FF m)<4

'’IM<w(l

snft^/«ii'FR«FF qfa/ctflfl'i mim3<

shrA^MKiT ^ft -.-H'\f)‘Mijr

cl4f'b<rd< TTfirRT”!

i/lKid SKI J'K-t'-U yPtUlSlt n^j

MMlMdl

'Tit 'dl'i'bld HI"iJ?n

i-dK^T TJqf Mil 4?

4t HT^dT MTl sirfe trtI 3|£t<W<

'Id'll 4 HMiMdl "I ’TPftelft

<-qMi'.n, mmI'-i<ui t-MK-Mj nil snfe

faf'i'H 'bid'll -i4 vii'i't.pj

’Hi/'-i%vfi

2-

q.i^Taf/^'iniK^ nn/ci^^r 1

Rre/tiraTafl' It vfireiw i

i.

<w-wri

2.
3.
4•

5-

.14 MU Mil

qr-R JFI 91T4
<OT7 Ir irq srqfan PW’H

SImRmi
FT'^FT’T

WF qfa

Ml45< <1«(’Jl

3RJ

uU 3{qf4^<ll<i)

*

■'2

6-

td^dl

3-

RTE? 4?< f4ana

41 is 4!

4^ Mid) 4>

PK^H/tvil^

4 JflltlH SKI 3'171'^

P)t]|3jt 4a llvilftql 5(4 'dldcbl'4

^IteaH/arft

Sfr/H)te<

SiaRai

y^lcdO Sfaifc I

4•

uil4<yd>dl ct>l4?t><i

FT^dl 47W ^r4T an WaMa
dlddld 'ddtiH'i>

tviiss sfr/qfe< 7a^/i4Ra/i4aa/am/^M 3tff4

5-

41B-MI yffaFT

3iiy>i^Niuil 44 «aNi< aaT 4? Fn44r <A<si'+>Y m^kY 4? Ri4 i44)a aRra^r a>i4^a
6•

<i|4iflr|r

^i4»*i

4> e>i)dl
Midi

"TM

5J5 d><4 4> '3’41'4

eb,dY 4> Wld 1(4 M4>I5 c-ddWl

7■

'Aldd 73ra> 41^

^ht4
8.

af^r wqk i(4

a4faa ahjiwraT an war

aia< tfcg'-i feg
414 4f arft 4 ar’ralfa'M

a4 ^ra 4f Rr4

aia< tfcan ffe an aamaa

jldc4i<a ^ya io 4 12 wt 4? wr aft fte wf4a {

9.

ddidloiM an gtdlTK0! J<lfd4^ld Hl4> |

y>dZ 4> y4tid 4441 aanitaMt an ys4d 44 5wi«tkuI 4> Rf4 ^f44aa hi4> an 14^1

) H&qy&I qfr

WJ

^T-3W-

W fcfH

qftqq

3^r?q :

iljl|ft«t> ^ffiq, <qi<*q qq H'-lJfK0!

qcql qq 3{V4iH<tiT[

qsiqi

feq q^

M?v«pR1 £ I

qj^ 3^*1 PlR g]i| ; -

faq ^ifaq; qfa qq faqrra i

qeqt qq ftiyqs] ii FiFpcq qq 'whrofi

i.

qft 'JH'l<f-ct>dl, v1Hct>lO qiY

q^fiq qvt 'M i

2-

Praiaq, fitqVfit qq *R Jfil (P?l JfifiR ;l?l qq^ 3 jqd

3.

4.

q^fl qq ftiyqtf

5.

<qRM <fqt?i 3n4ft?qRi1 qtt q^qn fi[q and 3^

6-

nra 3 ugm *i ?fqR«q

^iqqq^ qq

ftnj

qq jjqjq I
1

qw qv<qi 1

t-qitM uqtfi ^nqqqfi qq iq<Hl? q>di 1

^K-^q ftp.q qq lqwi< q><Hi 1

7.

^fifir^

s■

tfnz^q< 3qR qini 1

qf^q't. fifi77! ’JxR q* ftmt qq q^f! q^ rqn^ qq fiq^ar qq’fe anqtfaa q^ 1

9.

tk.qq( :

sqqR^a tqqtqT :

qi-q Ptsth qftqq q?t 3jwoja (qqi <-] -ti qi

x

qra fa?TH qq qsq faqft

x

qqj tt qqj 11 q^t ftraq^ q? ^fiii qqi qq^ 8 1

x

3n3 5 q^ <t ts q’f ^fi 4tq 5M1 qiftq 1

yrpqi qi

^r< q< qfoa fori fiVii 1

*i 5) oq^n

1

:: 2 ::

x

wd

X

JIRW if ara

si at ar^tjj

sirai R'W'fh

j

{KWdl 3lBpiHI awhm I

11 wi (■'tcf ^1 ^arq shi i a^am, otiwj,

x

ebl^cblR.tfl

6 U’R-M

as-gfaq ata qtanczra

ararai

I

fr<3i/^q hnt •

anuR’ja ^q.ijqf Ptwr faan qq «Wq ’^r qfi

aa aaa

i

<Kq HR (q>lt :
3Rq Rmi i{ '4]

z^nfezR qft aq^f^I ta 3imi< '■P.

qh’Hl q?t 3fMHiqi vJT <i<=b<ll

<IW an ■WhM :

i.

snq?i ?irai qn ’isa zri

2.

4^qa s^ar 3/- n. ^;<it

3-

yjft''!? 2/- ¥. SRwidi

«i«iih
4.

5-

6.

qr»?i

$ aqprai

:^h

i

q4 aq;

g) uqrai fc, zf.rfa.Ri

i

fan

)j spn qR3i f-'t i

■ .7- n. qqv ;;rq ^:: an

’fl qai «n <R>ai I? t

qi

5?®!

<RHiai qi»?l

qftqq

hr *i

*i-:h

qqxtl

| I

tea? anqvw. t

i foq; ^irnn

’ph, RrA

zfl owi *i ar

i

tea *i ait? h< qO nfWrzil qq ^si-^zar wd^ql, qifeai^fl ata annaA ztaraiafl q<

fa^qR ftaqr

aq^n

i

qq arftYw war <pnqqq; ait< ara 3itq« qi)

6.

nftqq q?i tara

7.

3{tTR{ qfi ai^qfMci *t 3hp-'i« itesq; airnfta ir aaafi ajtqcrar qR aqiai

i

i
3-

I

-3-

8.

tft ’ifcifWft <ft fbsii v^ft i

sift

9-

RD? -'hRm'M tlgNdl 41V‘11 SI^MR^Ri *ft SWd 4 HpT4 4H 4>ft Vtft I

3}ft 3FJJ JTFvF <|R| 4H d<ai -'’i)<sii <«sA I

10-

4?IMfo4t;i[ ti4t4dl

I I•

!00/* '?• ft 3fRl4> <|R|

12 •

Rifft 4H 4m4)jI 5IR3I $4--44't> =ft <(<a<'3 4

gft W< 4)td 3i)Pb<l *TI

4 73T3T ^'idl *n <i4idl

ftl. dS^Rf ft ft7!! I

I

dlRf^ti ft<4l

t)d< 3ft ^TT ft7!! I

13-

Rift'd c}il^?h*i 3il4)Rld dift 4> Rd>4 SJoZR] 3Hft 3jRl4i|< 33 ><41 Jl 3R <14>dl s

4ilfelf<^ 4?l

^41

14-

fVRir Rwi4

RiR^ci

I

R(UI4

I

^TRT

Rt<m mRm<; =ft wsrsif 4it ■Hi*-<-icii

$ -nfed

^41 I

15 -

Vfer

^3411 *T w R15IH hRh< ^7 3)vq?7 3ik Tdf^T

RnH 3WPI I

XdiRw •qRiRiRi'qF:

I .

Rltil'd 4)4 V[4 list'd I'id

2-

^nRcii 5(4

4il4^4 4vil4l

Vh 4?i '4i>i4ii(i 4?i Rk-cik i

3.

4ft 4? qtf) h44)

4.

FfESdi, ^n^/rnft <r snmfta 3rs^/4ft/W7

6-

n347/4ft

<K4 <xl()q

4vsi q4

i

yiRfftPrdft i

WiGdl/nvI FlR?ni irq q-qft<u| sjuzpR
Rldl

7.

i

^np-Vift)

5.

tl<d 'd jj

WPI

(Tq (-qx.tfcii ^'14x1 3il41Rld 'T'THI 12

anftRld 4.IRI ITcj 5K^47<U| |

47<4I Cj4 5<ft7 3TOR

oft^d’ld Wx^dl <bli (fWf)
fatTF’ff JTT HTH

(MH

fafa

fafa

fifa

fofa

fofa

Mil $ taASdi

ftK $ td-^Sdl

'ii’t’/'t’H $ W^dl
<5H«g| $ td^di

W<WI
Qxf $ w^sdl



•iis-il.<ft w^ydi
Midi ^ft FS^5?CT___________ ,

srrft faftt <<w41 $ hami
__________

'T’TfT/^'M^Hdl



WH/’hf’H 3>T’Jill‘l

TTT



WT WlfWtT (fol)

Id s Im

4hd sfa

1

flwick 3>?n 3TEZflfa<fr

Id^l41 $ fcflT

HWT11

$1^

31

_.

1

$8T $T f4^l[4f WT fliT3 *R $T H<bdl 11

w Hyill+H *|4
^STT 3Ttd | r*1 M)|

SFW

fefkny

TTTH7

fclB'-l

H^dl $

'd’W «|eA

dfldddefdl

ift WT

iclfa

W’Wdl <ft
dlld9q*dl

fcrfV

WAMI $
5IIM9M<t>dl

_______________________________ ____

cddl M^dl______________
<dTWdl
HT^, WT^t td-^Sdl
Sifsf eft M-eUdl

W ip S] il $ H<5dl
'fif ift W’ydl

dISdl

M’OJdl

Midi ?T WA9dl
1(1-SI ld<fl SH3ff eft W'cWdl

1

dildleld 5>[_____ 1
Mf'i'il
fcHH/Tlto 5T Wbl

xnr ? di<Jl ^dlll-Mld______
fefra.CTH^Sh’TJh
_______________________
___________________________________________________
__________ jL_L
___________ :__________ ___________________________ 1
Fo $81 3{m|f({d>[

3^ 7?33> $53 3FE3FT$

$81 3^t ttlHltfd’ ^PkVId W^dl 33 3n$?I3 4>(^

faT{ m4I*I $T ti$dl ? I

■R7TT7TH mddl fat HRR fa

t-

tenft-terte teteT finte ?H1 Win ft: shih ft aitetenpi
firnte TjiftH tecnl nnte ft. wnw ft tejn fth-ftn ft nnft
tow tern no ft frog toi tenafi ft: wr«f ste -gfftte
rm te ft to stoito ft tot ay+cflte «is<“i frorro?

7TRT 4 Miwfach
7m«RT I§T fam

famn!

c^-HRm'd' RW fat

3NH mf 3> SilfiMW

ffam fa mfa 4 mfa ffaR mfa

HT MiaiM<U| WT

Tnurftra; ftwiaii ft; Tn^r- tttkt wrftte nwraH-ten ten niron

5; fftn so ftft srfft fftrft mi w wn site tend. rftft ftt wfte tevffte

ft terft h to nitei rtef rt te teste fr -aft
ft tos ft ft too

ter
nft <nrff ten to TOft nrrft *51^3 ft toti snr ten? nft nron;

HR7 RRTT HR 31id5hHuI KHI3R ’ m-d-H
wrnfanf 4? faR Mgd Ki fadmiCi t. nmfa

96, ft 6*^ tetetette oiei^i

tete Mite ironfti ten wite ten ftite ft

ftft ft-’

AW;

teftte, Hicft ter fftnft M-rift teiranftte tefa

HHlRfaf cT WNR R dlcfaef KF
-

TJHft

rnir-farn mt fa ffan
7TRH

4q<4 4 fa dim fa’ll mG?R, SiP^W-i KR

TTST? KI. ZHI K$ 7RH7 vil $R dim $ i n I3Rq7RH

TTHmdl HRT7K. ^4*
UhWI iMdHM K fat RR7 HMH RTIiTTHR1R fa TH RRTmfa

fat Mtfat- mun 'd'ldl HR7 ffalR HR 7TH7H ^HTT RHH H>t4 fa ma Mt f-iU? RH d^fsd

Hlffa 'jH6-'d:lt? cPl4 cffcft 3Umf <^f>Hl 4 dPlRfai HR Mill’ll H fa. §-fa 3H’4R

tenftsw teft HteT fateft ft teclini ter ftte ft^ HteT ftt tel ted Kttete TB tetel
- 3ilrtl<t> Ig^cjl

ijft

4? fan dHMPi fam rrhi m.
7mfan7 fanTiH 4r uvr hrh trv 4
1948 4r farv fa ma TTHRtfaff 4 cihh

mfira
Rf K fm h4 tquR<sii <d mmR h<4R<sii

ter

■Hfttetete ft ‘teteteHte teftteK ten tetet? srftete teftffl t
Tin ten
wft ft> ten
anteten

3^7 K^
4
faR 3I7TRR Hit HHTHTFt KU TRRHI
HR ■5I9R HRUH Mt t U7RJ 7TK7 4? HFlffa Ml KU 7RFR
4? faR H7R BxRmnt HKf ?. 3RR HFlffaf HR T^RT UlHdl
£ fa 7TB7 h4 th^jht u^-Mt hr4 hr fa4ni4 hri fan

3JTR HIRftm W*0dl fa faH 3UHt ffafaafa fat Hfa «h4‘II. W7 4 TJfa Unfa 4
34vhr4 4; fan
tM hjt4 1?, fa^ h>4«4i 4t Rfa noutd tk4 f nn 74m
Mt $U 7UTFH 4r faR farq^R t. HTRffaf HR HlfcR fa 4 3r4 faHPi 7*faf 4?

fd<hcl4 HTcft Hlffaff nit fdWTTFT^ h4 3^7 7RV KT HFlffat HR HF Hlfacd Mt
t fa 4 fam ’hMmfaff nr faiTfa tt4 fa 4 3ut4 mfanf hr fanfa zfa htf 4
HR 7^ £ HI -1&T.

- VTT^ RHIVK
H(<hT M-j\Ci<;4), WFHiT

<Hi HUFfa-Mt c|^T pin'I Riff-

oicfcoU

m fa Tnifaq< hr Mnm nMt 4 m' ~ ’J
dlMHH «+»H «bVll, 4fal fafR Kt 714 ■; n
3^7WHUR 3T^nTpn. df( 4> <14 fa-il<l
*R. "374 <I«MH HR cibil4 3TH dl-G4i( dR4»
fcb-lR RHiM 4t KHI fan & "3U d$< 4
B j*<H 4f*I 4 HRR MMlfart fam TRHI RT
nfr hr hr ut4 ^fani
3 hthi vi

ten ft g>^i-tewni tern rnro toi ?.
<ftnnft tettetein? tetiftr neterai^ nmfft
ft; ftron to gn ft; ftz ten terft ftnft ft;
ldl{cft^ft>ftcd*ln{teil4. to HtaigteHd: ‘

fan m<<l fadRd *+><mi Rr far? mv trrh
3ft7 fa«id 7TK7 fat nfa Hlfdfa HR fa HHT

7RH7 dl$d Mt T^tcf Mt R^ t. RHfaRI
fnmR m 34vmif44 4 Hu 347 mMt vmn
kt rfT fam. m? HK7 farm? famn m
3Tf4nn7 4n 4 afk RR7 Ajirh4 hthtt
RF7 HT TR 4 5<HHld HRHT t.
7mfan7 ftmuH 4» dcmiciH thttht
mskmi munTTH fufam 4 huhr fafan
fdcH 4 vfa-i mt 4rr nat mt htk famfun

nftted wiftditeftniten^teftteignt, aifteg

HR 34*THi HVf 6*l4 R7 HRH-HTHt Ml<c 4t
3R "HTcft 1? 3^7 fad4 n4 HTc^ h4»H H
BftRfem
Kt wt w 4 f4?3 3ifw

wufasii
-R 44fVH HR 41'OR
^t 7TBTH 4 4nR H^TTRR 4 4^7 HTTT^

HcHTRR TIHR 3R^F 4? HTR fadWHR
4t. UHn 3H^H7
3RTH 7fa7 4 ^HRT
37H7H fam fa 4tntRKR 4r tfaz 4r
efaldfci HR «n«iT^I< HiTIHR 3<44

fa

fa turn P<f4d mwwi m. fa*n r? fa
ftlteH teitel tel. ’{ft ft tefti Wteffll tel. TO
terft teft n8?ftn^ -gn ft; fftn^ -yr wft
4? ma hbi R7 fafi rr4 unt $ nm trhr7
ftun ft nftroi tei. ftteiain ft; terfttan
HR $HR1 7RBU i(4 VI fa HR faufa mt
ft; ter? HStersa ft; airon ten r«Mi{ IftHTn
4«dd HR farn mn KUfaR RK Tlfa_____
..., 3RH7HH1
_____ Kt
,., 4^ .„,
ft ft; te»te d'li+n nra ft terft ten froi
ThMtUI h
£ HRRl
rft.
fftrg to ftiteni ft tos teft ’lit Hifnfti. tei fftrg ntefthm nftt nftft ft; <t>n“i rm

4 5R5 Tmfa R7 Ridl^ f4MTR.4 ^ST"
cftt4 hh h4^ rthur

dt?"! fahefl.
mf IWO-91 •■ RmTcRHR(cT7T7RVH
M4t TftfW TTFTR -i HR7 4? TtfanfaUR
4? faR Rm nnpi nfam mn^ m fa4
Mifad fam Rm m fa^j zu favn 4 mt4

’terfcTTO hh< temn teftte teft aMi'jfa ftift ft: nun ftt Him
ftfftrrfftte: ffturo te ft. w ft: teva< ftntesn ft to ante
__ i —t-ic______a —a____ ^=1 -A

ebb 4 <ju4 60 4^4 =b vtel Rwi^ faj '*441
TRR&M ffaRm4 4. RKfa RK

eft Hicffaici 4171 ■gwfa 4 hr
uiua m uivHTrn fufvm 4r arjTiu H7
MBcil HR d?< mt-TRnf H» faR 10 di<3

3TVttHT ch ell Mt,

wr fat ffarnn fat rnmni fam

fazn nm.
J?4 4rri ku HF7 4 na 8-io n4T

Mt. RK7 4 4 nant nm fuce mt
HR 3IR m. 3lMtHm-3UH7
......... „ 1W X1._
10 „7W7RR
tsM fan m ^4r.f faqj
mi mt^

wuftiai Hsn tet tete-n tete ’{ft ftt wit
te nft <nn ft fttteft site Him aftn ten.i
fftro fti nnnn «n. swten wteteti gn
ten ftz nteift nil hIjimi te.

-fiua<ni<n STOTteT

ftfftnnft ftRif-ra fngaft ten teroi toto sihw< ift w

_______ _

t

1. =rn ft nroi tenfroif teft srfateiaiT ft; nterff teft arfftrom te ’rrot ft toifu km
ntei nm-nm ten anft tetrft firfteftf ft nrnrrrote; tenft anftrfftra ten -gft TOm anrow
teft tefinai ft ten ftts rrnft nftft.
Mc4«b -PKMlfa 446fa‘ilcHeh MlMdlSR 4 R7TRTR RH 7FH4fHm mt f4eieb< 6<4HR d<lfa
ftH ’Ktfa fat TTHR^ fat c^dW fat HTFR,

fani. Rifat HR RTHt USfaf R7 H 3RR, ^ufa 1faR RRT fHRR f^RTR ^4 W$

- xu.yft. tyrant

HR

WATSAN . LOOKING TO THE FUTURE
UNICEF will address the Year 2000 goals through four major strategies—Bisparity

Reduction (including Gender), Decentralization, Sustainability ; and Integration

at Community Level with other Social Inputs.
Activities for Rural Communities will focus on
Sustainable Drinking Water Supply through community management of drinking

CHILD SURVIVAL & DEVELOPMENT

water sources.

Protection of Drinking Water through correct well construction and adequate
drainage around water points: and at household

Environmental Protection and

Management by monitoring degradation of

gtounc water sources and through promotion of watershed management.

Alternate Delivery System for Sanitation by phasing out from direct subsidy
and by encouraging n- vate initiative to construct sanitary facilities.

Hygiene Education

THE

level, through effective

communication and motivation strategies

peoplf. to bring about behavioral changes, through

development of communication strategies

Involvement of Schools and Anganwadis by using them as channels of
communication for creating awarenesss tn the parents and the community.

Working through Panchayat Institutions for awareness generation, community
mobilization and motivation.
Mainstreaming Gender Issues into the programme through greater participation

of women in planning and decision making and through transfer of skills.

WATSAN 2000 GOALS

1996 is UNICEF's 50th year of service to the children
of this world. During this year, UNICEF recommits itself
' to the promises made to the children during the World
Summit held in 1990.
The World Summit for Children identified a set of global
■ goals for radically improving the lives of children, women
and families by the year 2000. India, a signatory to
the Summit Declaration, reaffirmed her commitment to
the cause of children in the country' by laying down a
set of goals to be reached by the year 2000. These
goals form a part of India s National Plan of Action
A COMMITMENT TO THE CHILD.

Gunieaworm surveillance by monitoring the case containment strategy so as to
secure zero guineawarm cases by 1997.

unicef

; The Water and Sanitation goals for India -are
a

Universal access to safe drinking water and improved
access to sanitary means of excreta disposal.

United Nations Children's FundWater & Environmental Sanitation Section
INDIA COUNTRY OFFICE
73 Lodi Estate, Now Delhi-1’0 003

® Eradication of guineaworm disease.

eeH ehfs fh^noT
><hr t fsrcr

‘Whl 3iq

F£rRf

CLEAN UP GWALIOR SCHOOLS

zrsffa *rr‘cfr swfk*TT
TT5IT

3H?raH

fn?rH, *rtTPr
gfw'ir 'Tfa're

Hfaen-ro
TTR’tfV Hreq-fiRf faerr^T

5FRPT ?, i?IWT

SFTq?Hn— H-12,

^TfrVfl’ ^1^^-474011

cFc^oI 37H cTcJlfcRTI^ TRScRT?

fh^TToT mfMhfh
HRR HRT Rtf???

RffiRT

3t<t Rtfim? Frh nfirfirfa”

?3>?f n fifit “??)?

nt 11

arf^hr

ffiffin fsRimlr n
faSTFT 'Tft'Ttf nt n3? n? Fr?
qftffitftRt ^R if vft nf t : -

t ■ firm? Fwr nt nfim nniit

R.

Wra SRtn>

(h)

jt^-sp F?^ra‘? it 3T7H zrfir £??t
?h ?^ptt ??nFstr F^t t F?r srw wt qit sraT? if ?t ?t tfta
f?? HAnlf 'ftFx??
if fit^T
I ??(% BrfitFcsRT

F?rir Fp?t str
(?) 'tF<?t^?T

i

*.

RfilTR RS®ar nt fin?,

x.

nnjnrfim

V

qfit

nhtem rn^snr nrnnn,

sjs Trnt

tt stfaret'n Trfr?

fitsiH fitnntn

nntn an TntfiRT

fir?R nnp? ?t?n

—nnfncn? firfirntfit stfiRRt 1
—ftHtnfiRfn ann

—srrnfim Fnfinttrt trFwn ninn? 1
— nrarntn nrnpnnt nrnnn 1

?H7n-3T'T“«nfvt*R RritH? :

— nr? nttRTT, ttRt^, ftrn^z, n$rr, mnfiz

—n^rr spent Rtn^n 1

annit-rtrnir fiir nifinnf nr rrr ntnt 1

—tfiRtn nrinspn

□Tin cfzn TT5? ??TT5H

—nnfrtn ???, nnfrtn nt^ir n nnfan
fi-rsrpf ?> WRT? I

(?)

snrnta nrnnnfi

(R)

'
snrnter nnRtnf nr rrf^n nt i

n=ffan

—nsftn-arn-RifirnT finrrn M 1

(3)

atRrqnf, nfas <5nFtnf eft

er? srnn np? nt OT^Fsarnf nt sr^?) 1

arm nfirfitfirnf

nra-nntf xfiRtn if mfir?

?ntn Rfin

nq n nr? nznt

•nit, nt ?Rn nt nr t? zr i

— firm? ??rn apq ??ft rr^nn qn F?atn nT? nt ntn^t
stminf iTof strnfirn nnr niRfirn firstr??! n sr<n?

1

sqfRfincr

—'ttaV ?r ipar ?t nin n? ?rn???r tr^h i

(?) nt?nn 3> fip?TR?n n F?t^ ^oqio firRRRT n

(x)

??pftn HRnnn

^q if nr? ntt anit arrn i

— tstrfirn afir; «r^r snnit-ntnit 1

mr< nfisn fifRT

??t 11 nt? nn^ n 3R-q-?j nnvfi finnr Fsretr
fi?R Rrfim n’t nnr nnr 11 nt? nn^ nt nzn

HtnennR

n

fi-Rtn 3TfiRTZ (

firn? atrfe a^nfir?rr?ntn stfirnTfiraTq 1

3RT fqTTR qfiwt
Fr ?rrt firw, aftfitfinr,
•rrzn, nttr, nsnfan fefifir, ahrrFrn rrntn, n^rFm aft?

rtFr? fi firarnfif nt isn Re. nmi ex nV
atRifsRt nt ni 1 zrfif ?°x fir^rraRf n nrn firnr 1

finx znfrnfsft stfirsT?

srtennn ^fitz nt ?nnnr 1

- Fran? nt?, fifSTT? ?Hnfir, ntz*p, firwvrr, nR-firnt?

FnniRnn n fnfi

ntfif if nqntn ??n?t t

n< nt n?fnnf n Fr first? nTnnn 1

ai fl? fafei tit

?pft?r-3r?-TEnfa?K ?>r F?5tth s?Hct :

(3{) fiRTRJR—?qttxP nrn?F>nf

nt htr?

—TRT fifRR Fn? 1

—fip^ftzt ^nwR ?? rranz nTnwat ntnnn-^o it t=;

warnr i

fifRTT nt pfanR SHJ?t % SHTTH

Fnsnn nt?

nnfir am Rtfirn?

—arnnntnt

Fer^ ?nrrF?;tr

?hft ?t?Ft?r Ft???1? first? rftgrsr 3n?tfiT?*pr:t?[T
11 Ht^'H ir^T 'tt?t <r ^^?r tt str?
fit^ <-n^
tfiz? fips ^T5fSET spIT^TT I

fifit Fwn stFsrr,

n't nrn-nnrf

RTR Fr?

nntn at? Rtfim

?i^r tr+TT3ff <r? 3t??Hrerfasp ’Tfirf?fa?f ??t 5?^n«r
ERfta 3T'T
HI? fasti? Fwt ?>t pf^^pz: ??iir

5R?tn fitnTPR if ?RT firSTR qfittR nt ??R,

5.

nfitn nn rtFrt

?r«rrna

:

'Pt n?qz RtfipR nt Hntfer n? ?n I 1

nsftn 3R RtfirnT

fin

hh^ it nqtttp TT?3aff
srfafk?? ^eff
8rf?fwq it H^r ;puir Tt '4t ShP^T fOTT t 1

nsffir am RtfirnT

nfex JR^rft

wr 3R Rtfinn?

nfsrn Fns

(?)
C5?)

nr?r firrrrn qfiwtf nr nzn nt i
nsftn 3R Rtfim: nfirfirfiRf n't
arrntfisR nt i

snarsres ass, fams; fasrs sre fen
srefrre, gsre

s sas ’afarere, s s nr.fa., ^fa srretat

st sffes staireu
HgS5 aurear

fasrr aura, ’UTfauT

4feft

TTnsrer rrexnreT s.s.re.fa.

s. tstt sat, Treraa as sr.s.sT.fa.

sifefr srret, sareTreTss sT.sr.s.fa., sssraf afasr
st. sasrear aat srarererTSs sr.s.fa., sfarafafa

tintffel

stsat safe fefent

aftsdt ^res ^sss, srarerrerss sr-s-sr fasrea,

sruraf

st

re ar. fasrea fafa ?t sraat,

stst ar arers, ssft
%. qs- stfara, srere sr.a.sr.fa., satai

^rjjjfsr ^r^=r<

H^-HUtsar

sife fagre

st %. st. utsst
sreraf

STH.HT fa., SWTS

st. s<resTre fereret

_________ 1
san^re

saafa

<1

st. srets gasi

atarat fa^faaraa, 'arfan^

st sss atfea

sratazT

stfer:

srafaar faa^a faaa, atara

HTaasTa agiat rfefa

'TsarfaaT fasafaanaa

TT/T. st. n’H’f, SS SSTSfa ftrei Safes I
Sfel SUTS, SreiU sfestTre S-ST.fasreS I
ST- St- s<t Safe SUSIS ST SIS' S.ST.fa., SSTT I

stsst snre sresi, srreiu rrensi s.s.si. fasrere 1

stsat fasi i, srere sra>.ssi.fa, tre sretat i

stsat sfsm us, srere si.s.s.srfa sttt s;. R

st aast^a gre
a§Ta« faasar

arerarafat faret

st. sis. sis. are
sftfer
atsTst faaafaarea

si. are. qs. srei

srefa gam, srere srs.s si.fa., reifcrea (farer fe)

sfer

st Treras srei, are re saiaa as aw. si.fa., naan i

sffafal faaafaaraa

sfaares
|s?a sasr
stsat STS! fs^
sure ssf
st. sfaais fount
asufeu
stxat srrefss fasreu
sfists ?, reifeiT
------- -----------

stsat sirei stasr, srerreireifaan sssiTrei a>.si.fa.
gga usare, 'Tareireifasi st ar. sire s^reret s. ?

anrea nfafa

srfksxT snrf, ssrrsT^STq^ tss HT-fs., rerfsHT
«ft sresat snre, sarerren^ sT.sr.fa., sreVre
sf. sigfr J^rer, rerwrar sf^re sres s sr.fa ^HTsfrst

srs jstzt ’stsires, aaTSTrers^ st ht.s fa., sre arere

eras

at. ass nts

aia tfa fag 'ctn faSfaa

area arsa
st. shtsst feat

a^re, srarerrer'TS ’afare sr.fa-, 'rare, rer.

tts ss< ?a, feres saTre^rTTas

srefaa safes-sista sa, ftfea saarea, sfes sfefarer



Safe water, personal hygiene^
latrine use and environmental
sanitation lead to healthier life.
Butterfly symbolises joy, beauty
and quest for cleaner surroundings.
Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission
Ministry of Rural Areas & Employment, Government of India

SCIENCE CENTRE (GWALIOR)
MADHYA PRADESH
(A voluntary action for science communication)

WRH HTTR

7>T

HTJH H-TT (nnfeiqt)

(’ft wrc pjmnTrpj)

OFFICE
HIG-12, Darpan Colony, Gwalior - 474 011,
Phone : 341027, 341395

SCIENCE

CENTRE

Science Centre Gwalior is a voluntary or­
ganization registered under the society registra­
tion act of 1860 (M.P. Society registration act 76).
Science Centre is devoted for promotion of scien­
tific temper among the people and to popularize
the understanding of science for uplift of common
man.

A JOURNEY FROM BJVJ -1987
Soon after the pioneering and massive
science communication experiment the Bharat
Jan Vigyan jatha of 1987, a will of voluntarism
sensitized and activated during BJVJ -87 as LOG
Gwalior, was keen and eager to join hands with
National science communication and science
popularization activities created by NCST. This
will of voluntarism has created the science centre
Gwalior.

The science centre (Gwalior) M.P. a
voluntary organization devoted to science
popularization and people’s science movement,
started work in 1987 but was formally established
in 1988.
In a short span of seven years science
centre organized a science popularization mA
ment in the most backward areas of Madhya
Pradesh and provided it a meaningful direction.

The science centre has a well knit com­
positions consisting of thousands of children,
teachers, activists, scientists and villagers of Mad­
hya Pradesh. Science centre has established Bal
Vigyan Parishads in schools and mohallas for
school going children with a view in taking science
to the people including development of scientific

thinking among children, promoting scientific ac­
tivities, helping people to free themselves from
blind faiths and traditions and arousing self con­
fidence.
The achievement of this organization in
the past have been significant. The various
programmes undertaken, reached lakhs of
peoples directly through the medium of science
rallies, science- songs, science-plays, scienceA seminars and surveys explaining miracles
activities, science-yatras etc.
The science centre has also organized a
large number of training programmes for activists
of other sister organisations in the country and
helped hitherto small or infant organisations in
neighbouring states to come up and grow.

Activities

Bal Vigyan Parishad

Children science Congress

Bal Vigyan Parishad has been set up by
science centre as its activity for children age-group
of 5 to 17 years. Approximately 20,000 children
are working in Bal Vigyan Parishad activities in
M.P. Major Science activity of Bal Vigyan Parishad
is to organise the state children science congress
in M.P. Now nationally they are starting to get
affiliations with NACHISCA clubs of NCSTC Net­
work.
j

State & National training workshops have
been arranged for children science congress ac­
tivities.

^:ience popularization through folk arts and

NIDAN

origamy

NIDAN has been setup as an activity of
the NCSTC Network and is the National Institute
for demystification and research in anti-scientific
notions. NlDAN’s Central India regional centre is
being operated by Science centre Gwalior.

Science centre has arranged trainings in
the field of origamy, science through folk arts etc.
in various parts of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar
Pradesh.

Training Programmes

Children's science congress
To help children in developing a scientific
temperament and more frequent use of the
“Method of Science", a children science congress
was organized first in 1989 at Gwalior. The basic
idea is to demonstrate on a large scale that it is
possible to turn the learning of science into an
^^yable and creative pursuit (i.e., joy of learn­
ing) , that even within the frame work of the existing
system of education itself, it is possible to en­
courage children to learn science by doing it. by
making use of their own hands and head and by
treating their environs as a big open and endless
laboratory. Since 1993 it has been adopted by
NCSTC Network to organize on the National level.

Science Communication and
Explaining Miracles

Science centre Gwalior has conducted
training programme in scientific explanation of
miracles for the NGOS, teachers and Nehru Yuva
Kendra Youth Co-ordinators on the invitation of
state Govts, and NGO’s in states of Assart^
Nagaland, Tripura, Delhi, Rajasthan, Bihar, U.FW
Karnataka, A.P., Himachal Pradesh, Gujrat,
Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Orrissa, Pondichery, and BJGVJ-92 state organising commit­
tees. Special Trainings have been arranged for
500 district youth co-ordinators of NYKS.
Science centre has conducted training for
district literacy committes of Durg, Gwalior,
Khandwa, Shajapur of M.P.

Science writing for News papers/Radio
Science writing training programmes has
been organized by science centre at Gwalior,
Raipur and Bilaspur.

Jan Vigyan Yatra

Science centre has organized chambal
Jan Vigyan Yatra in 1989, covering chambal and
Gwalior division, BundelKhand Jan Vigyan Yatrya
covering Sagar, Tikamgarh, Jhansi, Datia, Shivpuri, Guna etc., Dr. B.R. Amedkar Jan Vigyan
Yatra Covering tribal areas of Madhya Bharat and
Bundelkhand, Delhi Jan Vigyan Yatra on invitation
of NCSTC Delhi, Pani jeevan dani jatha etc. to
^mote the scientific temper among masses.
Seminars and Symposium
Science centre has arranged various
seminars/workshops/symposium on environmen­
tal problems of chambal ravines, impacts of
science and technology on Indian Literature,
watershed management in rural areas, manage­
ment of tendu patta, problems of science
popularization movements etc.

CHILDREN’S CAMPS

Awards

Science centre Gwalior has arranged
various children camps at Gwalior, Sagar, Tikamgarh for children of Madhya Pradesh and Delhi,

Science centre awards teachers and
children for best efforts in science popularization
in schools every year.

Drinking water survey

Software

Science centre has conducted survey and
published its report on quality of drinking water of
Gwalior, Tikamgarh, Indore and Bhopal. Survey
has conducted by water testing mediul(|

(i)

^i)

developed by DRDE scientists

People science festival
Every year science centre organizes a
science festival activities in various parts of M.P.
among masses to popularize science and technol­
ogy. Lakhs of people participated in the activities.

Geet) for NCSTC Network.
Regular kit for demonstrating and explain­

ing miracles marketed by NCSTC Network
Delhi.

Clean-up Gwalior schools

A mass campaign has been organized by
science centre to clean Gwalior based school with
the help of Bal Vigyan Parishads. Thousands of
school children and teachers have been par­
ticipated in the programme.

Audio cassettes of science songs (Vigyan
Geet) and science folk songs (Vigyan folk

(iii)
(iv)

Slide Shows on chambal ravines and Bhopal
Gas trazedy, video film on Chambal ravines.
Bal Vigyan and Vigyan Literacy kits for
children and neo- litrates

Publications
(i)

Technical Reports on problem of Chambal
ravines (Hindi)

(ii)

Explanation of Miracles (Hindi)

(iii)

Technical Report of National Institute on

Environmental Activities

Mustard and Rapseed (English)

Science centre Gwalior has organize^^
movement
chambal
Ghati
Bachao
in
Bhind/Morena districts, various children and
teachers camps/competitions has been organized
to educate the issues related to environment.

Vigyan Geet and Lokgeet (Hindi)

(v)

Science plays (Hindi)

Toys/Games

Various Scientific games for children.

Health Activities

Recognition

Science centre has organized various
health activities for women and children in
Gwalior, Tikamgarh & Shajapur districts.

Science center’s activities are well ap­
preciated by various state Govts, and NGOs na­
tionally. It is recognised by NCSTC (DST) Govt, of

India by awarding its top award of science
populatization to the period of 1987-91 to science
centre Gwalior.

Secretary of science centre acted as na­
tional convenor for NCSTC- Network 1991-93. He
is also nominated as state convenor to BJGVJ- 92
while Dr. K.K. Tiwari was nominated as state
president to BJVJ-92.
Management
Science Centre is managed and run by
elected Governing Board headed by President.

President -

Dr. K.K. Tiwari Ex V.C.
Jiwaji, University, Gwalior.

Working President -

Prof. Shivkumar Shrivastava
VC. Dr. Harising Gaur
University, Sagar.

Vice President -

Kamal Dixit
Reader
Makhan Lal Chaturvedi
Patrakarita, Vishwavidyala,
Bhopal.

Secretary -

Arun Bhargava
Project coordinator - B.M. Gupta (Delhi)
Co-ordinatorsDr. Uma Shankar Dwivedi
(Gwalior) O*
Smt. Santosh Chaudhary
(Gwalior)
Shri. Ashutosh Mishra
(Balaghat)

Shri Madhu Silakari
(Sagar)

Smt. Kavita Soni
(Raipur)
Printed by: Surya Offset Printers. Gwalior. Phone :341096

H.P. ^TR?T $TH R51H tlRlR
arf^MPki 7Tv*I WIH
7, ^Wcft ^FR,
^TTel (H.n.)


TOt WTO TORTT Wt

t, <it TOT TOTS TO

RfTOT fTOTOTO TOT ?W,

TOT

TO TOTORT TO TOTO, tot tots ?t

to<4 tor}, TOft to toFtot to

Pi«™*h

■rot ti

Rftn rjr

3 R<t £ 1W, to TOt

RTOt °F Mis* TO TORt TOTO TOR TO <MI4l<l t,

I

3TORTOR

RTR

TO ?TlfeTO,

'»l4)i M-ilM. mH RTO ;(I5<1 TOi Pl*lW

TOt’TO

*KUI

<5TO ?t TO’t ti MftMiait TOt
Pi*d4 if
i u^<A
TO RriU, 'Jim hs<ii t TOT fro< TOt
TORT

TOt TTOReT

TOitf <*IH Hft t, TOf TOR TOT

TOt <l*"il MS <11 t,

TO ftgt if TOdt <R?

RiIsmI fait

3TO 73fT Tf^l 'W8T Y^TORft TO TOHT R

■sm4!}'! <bil TOR ^rt (Imh
TOR t, 3<1«ll Rim, r?
sfen tl
'W^idl arf^TH cpzff ?

tj^t

TORT tt^

t RTORIT Wft

TOR

TORTOfT t?T TOMI I 31^=^

'3RTT? «H*

TOTTO? i^TO TORfTI TORTT

pKH

TORT

fTOf

^|q TOR MpD'aImI yPiPl'TO TOTfl

'3TRTtTT TOff y1!? TO TOR TORfT I

3TTTOTO>

WI<H tTO TORfTI

*1Mil m1s|»I’1* TOTOT

FH f^rH JRJ7R *1^1

teTTJ ?|pt*l<* tl

TOT 3TTOTR TO?t qt TO^TO

fell «ts «fnt

. t, tHTPSTTCTifa^faTTW^t?
• ''THt 3JTB TJRI ?
; •'SR

TOR ?t Tfifa
RlH TJ^T *ig| TOTHT

3RR TOT WTR TOT TOT fl TOR

: t?R 4 TOTTO TOT^ TOt «i<Fi«l TOt eft TOT^ f<RTf

:

it TOt

TOt

lertM, ^dMI Rif?4.,

• Mi <rl I TOTO TOTTTOT

t?

TO t

• TORTRTO f'WFIJl Rt TO t 3RT TO7?

• TfteT/Hld4i/^® TOt TTOT MR*
* <1*41*1 tRlMcll MMH *<*

3TRT TO ?

; •'5f?f 73Tcft TO? fTO TOt ?

• TORtn TOlf RTJ? TO TOR totoA t
* !4IH W< TR *4<il Rt TOd 4 ti1 Id*

Tffa TOF TOt ^t? oftt ■’TCT TO^f
■5T5® TOWt 3 ^71 ^?t Ht #3 f^IT
! ^3 TOfT, TO 3 TOt it ^trot
Trot

tl

TO t
• <41* if TOt srtvMpd *<4 t
V^TT <jJcf fckffT

?t H?t ?fk TR
5Hli <3IM TR 3TTTO

TOft Bfrof ftR
T?|

^cRQJ ^^11 vlH UcFIT

efi 5RR-TOR ?j£.<1 yl<1 Ri^ih ylalRldil
TRR tlfctK W <4 “41 Id d

*jR fq^lH Sullen
o

eT^ff & feHJ

/c?7 fajlH



fclU faflM

a

ft<W«

o

•3//<*/fi’f«7/ ? WcpM/

f^^ll't

5.
6.

R/ecw

R7H 'r.w'i



faRR Bra ft ami raift ftft if 31r.ir><»i, biibr srfraiR,
^pfel raafOlRI, HR HRtfa RRI 3BRI MBR, MRfeRuffe 3BRHH

RRlfarat, feRitfaqf, fftajrai, faaifaftf (TOT BifecMWiift an Bg?

11 ftrra rai Bra 45 feral ft ?rarfm t ferw 5000 ft rafftra
feRTW BRBT ? btr ?t RIH feHH BBT ft sfttl 3 25000

’ifdfefewi

W<W t fa^ld Bra aft 3PR 3fe|raifetd> «R fa^Ud <*iq^>a|3ff

feRIH Bra aft fttSH Rvf if Rft

an ftt rafe rara ? 1 (rrr Bra sraft rsh 4 raft 1985 ft

frarajBR ?:—

SR fa?ld ftddl ft MMR-RBR ft 3dl<rad it dTrf-.d ? I

yitFiPichl:

rarantra fejH Bra rat nftfe faRR slaWifti ftaiR mR<k as
fewtl (ram «<*k) rrt feRR fti hrr-iibr hr ft fefe
ttlwifiiM RBR ra fefe Bg 1992 if Bgfe
ft Wraifad
ferai ara 11

o

fa?R Bra RT gH 3RBI faqjld rai BHF3 Bl Raft RIH Straftf
rat 3tB raiw rami 11 rarfera, Birafera, naAfara ftaft if
feraiB ?g feftpR if fa^lld ftt MldlqiB, ■Ulrdfdftwi R
SR Stlfeittd fa^ld R nlWOtral rat ftctdl ('dld<"R.dl)
rami, fesraife ft w if ara raifam hr Mf<fwfa'4f rat bw
fel bib awra 1 3Mftra few ra bhhi< rapferrar, aaitfft,
srfarafeai, r raa rarf aura niRfaRkiira if ? 1 rarafevi feaH
Bra ftt aft ft fnft xj-il af <t>,4 mRmc; srt BRifna glol 11
BBII ftt feral HR MR ftt RH1 a^ $rai{4l" ? I Jtlaifarai faraiB,
4lftrai mm, Brafna rami ara jjraiRH RRra rara wfafa ft-s
srt Pm 34 nfaPdal ft raafta Brafera fafe ra<f i :

o

1.

sfeffW

2.

fRTBR

3.

Wffli r (w

4.

wfaw



<pf fefet if 10,000 Rif asr rapftft-anfe (Techno-1
Economoc) B^ajra 3=fei 3rr, ifepiR r anfera,
nmfeira ftafe rar sifaraR 1

e

bpr r ?RR feraf

Baffea raraq feraiB arafera
feranfeaf rar jpafera racra ara ftqfi Irr rr hr brr
rat
rarra 1

0

Rtrara ragi
100 ^rat afefef
fra Id rar B^ajq i

©

feBBR 92 Rtrara if <ra nrafea 1524 aif r 7684
«iM trtbr r Bifera frafa a ^rbr rar b^rr i

r Ri'iw.rii, feran hr Rinfera <jfe<4fei ri rrr-hhr, bi^rrt

HR! feiari Bfrafew | I

'ifefefefef RRT RRfRR

’f’RI: fejl B «R ^311 <fed ^<4? HU [ddfel RRHT RRI
RKW3B R ^"ft Rfcfef R raRf if HTHI I

• rbr R arifeRifefef R fefe fell awfafBBt, irr5 rant
feicrdt m4r RHR RRHI I
Brafrn bhirh! ra rarafiR rart nft HfcrttR ihj sfera
"dRR RRHI HR! HTOR RfcTIRH (iraf) ^5 (J4MK rbr if
BURTT I

raR rbr if feRfera apraft

^t raiw 1

a

RRRB (<pf) raR if RHH if din R MPsi^TR <TRT R>cil
rat wrai 1

0

'dld<41« (4tra sf‘l<l) 4<Jd felcll if RIB
afeiR”!
Rra 3rar rafft hrr RRra 1

e

ferara hr n1d)Pi«ft feran (rani btrtr) (Wr ifc ifc;
B’j? aft nraran, nta ura sfidlPiaft fawn liij xrr aft

3RIRR R



@
o

atrara if ^b nrafea ftxf if at a4 ara nwra afe araira,
3b^i ariRR ra iRRra brrI ft4t€ BiraR rat at 1
rrbtji, <.ira:ji<, <pf r fanray faeif if atrairaxq

aifraiR 1
a

raw »r rr farad qcMi 1992 brr
femr if*
ramra ara atrairam
^fdf)d> rat
ft ram mft
fdraltldl I ?Bt M*R fti q<4 aRlfeBR jpa fattm^d ftlHf
ft ra faraift aft 1

HT^Rai g f?T^T :

o

1990 ft aiw raid faraid rarar rar saafeR ara <ira ft
45 fatif ft ngd Baffea Bi^Rar a-rfftdid hr twft fatft
feiRi rai urr-rbr i

o

iftjyf BiRTar arfraiH tg raf fenrf rar rara ara arara ft
fan, ftaaftra 1

e

ram 1 qW ft nta «ifa>41 rat KfeiRR ara sfr Bfeaftra
4 WK Wild I I

:

ranra if 18,500 hb rafefti R jtrIb hr nrar
B^arai RRT HR?R RIH I

wbr r mwra

WHWI cT SIcbkHUI :

11

OTT

RBR if 5,000 ra4fel/3TTfeRlfBRf rar HRRtrat-arfe
(TechnoEconomic)
rr 3hR snn, <rrtr
ante feraiB ara ranrfraft srrh rj ran nrara 1

XchlW'i

aranftra (rrr Bra vra
(ft. 13667, ferara
15.10.1985) ftl-BBOT WT t, Rt HPTf ft SaiPlMi •jfHc&UT
ftra ratft, ftnra man ara Mafera, ftiarai ftg rafe«ts ? 1 few
Bra ft rib <p nftyt ft Rinfftraf, ftfesft, tfeafftaft, bhir

20 3^9$

o__

ZEEEZ
Qv\

Ra/T

R^vvyrbxJ-4 MVM

^\x> l/2^Cw^/{/V0w

rb (aa

. MPV/tf^

(^>

/^VV\Z4> /^.04\aA. ^Aa>^/ JJTvs^A^/'ACRA/ /

^Vv^^J. .

I UxzO-C
? t A/a-S

HAfCSHi. ■-V7 ’ ’

j'Z'Ayp- "tRz-u

S / &l c^s/-___ -

__ sSz&<z£__ Aeri-.Cc__ ______ ^hlidL_

5,
flJtc(L A:(^ .
>____ Ne.£iS. fltMcs__ ________________________________________________

Jl/x^SJ3jd~&Jit

A Sjkr^. Tvc

__ fi<sUiR-v-Oc ■
_________P^/X-O/vZ1 •

___ £ I h
f~ • -

<iQj>JLz>v . Awa

____ 0_kf2^2^L:__ Ihd--. .■£_’__________________
H P_____________

k^QC-b •

J)Y.

fthL/v £&hjv /Uc)_____________

--------------------- Zj---------- ^-VXX~>---- (^U._£cs>------------------------------------------- ---------------

ALczvas Ib-o-eX^

JJl

6>A5^7q-.

(^Zw.y

r-r: ^f-

■"'

^ut4> (6) ^vh).

£J2U^ C\JO^rv\A7

1+4

U'vC'

"y^zzwvbt^

ctz vizC-cvv
|X? sbpOT/vZzzzC

iUcz

•A

to

ly,

fepgviz^

tUz<>

3
^vv^^AzZXa^

zivvc fe

1993/

V'ZVtzvi^wS

4A^ZAVv/s<^_g

0

IZtz> -SAz/wC

cM/(2'zA/ L^v

fl/VvA'Vvvli2zM<$

7k^

-^x eze4Az£viA€>

(/PA/vi'VwvS^>(f-vx^L -1

<

’//O^Zz

MPl/AfA

Uxzz

— <7U z&%p/iz«)-ezt Lvv^

(Xwztz

^VVX>Cx^z<

G/Vxy'0vVWv

Wuo- M.P.V.HA. ^\W fl z zvy^ez4

(^-|

Avt

I

(90 Az4z<btC CvC'tZzZt -p^'V /■’Pvtz^

A/w<2

A)

hv Zv3 I) cZtvC

&¥"■ AwvUc R.61AVUV KZVO

<^4/w'tz *

'fryw <jJhz^^tA^-z ^1-^•,

t^v^z

[-j

Ask/sft Z-MP,
o^a^Z

zA)

fry, Skyyztu PmS6l<£ kAxv\ - ' ^wmaz

IS

199S

^C\a^ca3o^.

^PVHr^^c^.

fA P VH /)
/Inz^Zz'kvvZ’z^/izJ

tfVv-vi

.</i4 fevo- iZvi/Tzi^Xv^/v/

W, -

13^ fe J£1993.
- p- ' c..i.i.y~
7.

iaa-<%o

A/h WflZ

tt^vo 'I'ln.z^wvX’-i^vS

IVC-yZ-' ^O fl

'Th^

I^C^-vl'-rvCilL (7t^

vC>lZ>

't^-L-C-C C^eUt'yS

/Zzt-^VZAyfrA^.^/-^

6tp>pA<l(?ie^v (7t/yu£



^J^zA/iA4xm

Mqzvuia^

-__

IX>SCUS'$<<t7T^ OT’V felt

Me^Uvwf twiR fekz> 6^ovg>uvnA^vk

frl ^VgAAAAA^,

M^zk/Crdx Qp^CcZV

■^lA

'_______________M P1/ H A /vvvtU/<xfecC pro

f^wl

Jwd^xc c'CzC st\-(xR.
Q/lgOvi^t/^vg


l/y-ORyC 9J>

MrU^v

[tv&

M<PRHA Oiv ttrzA-v az^vtAvka ch.pro^m^
- ^Kutvi oi A^ZtVZMA,k < Lt/ z?maJl ^Ccy’
cCocv^czxr azZa/zzL 'to 'tCtz/ ^L?(2i/^'
L>-LuzLv^ <rL

M^vvuv^

RgcorXt/R^DOT-R

Oia^C

0 fcu.v' c^oewvix^i/vCo aA- MPl/HA dJ4i'cc
KdtinxpeZ ^v\-(L Psd.A'/vvt’

■- Thfuze-L

Vx>(Zzu7)C6
A^c^-T^o^n

l

VAdLaqe, tu^d

-

l^cctLe^

<^p~

A>Rovc

MP^A /VV^UCctfezC
/CvvctvcX/tAM,

^evc^o^<x<F

l/tlL(^e.f

LOTZtR. IaW Grip

L>yg>O(/uR' pYbdrOw

X/vW
^Vg/VVVVn

-“

~]"i 7/t^'oC

^15

Wfi^&

fijV/Lz 'fo/ruX'u&x .

______________________________ 1-_____________ _ —-

~ 'b^£<^<cFn5 lAzytU S<cA-c.Fzv--ivl M PW L4
—^b<7tcb - -»FRA-vLR ^i.-^
--------A'^'O,

AR/S OVVO<HZ <OVS

PT.-V- LtVC.-

(z>i?ttz*L^CZ

—kfrgttek owxA cUvetptyb^vR

Uu cv0

MPVHA.

z X

.... •

.......................... ■

15

23

-

AWmwv^ -

Ucttzys/^XUt ffipW

VWfe fe

J>VjA4fky, -WZA,

l^^C^yxiAyp

CM^(k UzuL>v? (S4
LkaltTx pv-oAmi'rv? -' tsm

AAAvivA-^CVS

'^Wlzv

- ---------- - --- ;-------------------------------------------- —----------------- r---- ==J~--------- ----------------------------------------■ ________________ ^Aj^^ViMrtTVA ‘TrzWcC
k> MPVI+A oj^~i (Zg, A7b__
.Tvulo'u •

"

Mezz^w^ teyfcv (^ /V PVWA
ew^ov^z f
i>Uccx-z

d^AX fc avx<XCcaX

-UarAi -ywy---- \^~7Tt?-r-0--- 71 « "27 at-rl^.yxT—-M‘>r>1 LZ— V^zCT*

^waX//u^

-

VWV
^MlZzfrvvv^S

^xxzL lArvfc^,

G^QyJ-.

^lAAzt-3^- bzzWlzl •4aa6'7/v-v^€^z — tV&zutAz

^-ez'ft/to d'cl^^yi.:

(zO/4A/^<z<tc^z'

^T-Zz

A~)

________

^ViZz^vViAzCvgHzv

'fccZVyizvz 'fel/V^VA^-^V

Jx<$cvv<.^#rvj

fj) MPv^fti

~lfJ~M PVZ/A

~~

/ATvfe’x

_____ ___________

fcxuA/cfaXrt,

■a^xvvvA^iz

<$ZZzix^fazv^_-

2-

S-^XzizjC -hAXWV^,

QpdyP- —

^t'coi

•“

py ^OV^yvy^&tJb

AAA ui'V(7'JLLcL p/(9^Z2Wlzt

_ A>&Ci>'fcw^-S/-z^/z^-

Acz-Tzlfiv pwqYMni Mt
(M iG’V?<3

CtttcL

^<-Z-zv-

/UVVz^^Av^Zvt<ev^

A4 P1/J-/'#

z

'T.&^^vx^S

&')

A/An^-6^t

tzZMA^z ZVvxC/Wv^^Vf

M/A>Uu^vi>vv

'fcvz>

tA/SX^l'V^

I^Vz^X^vgctur^L

0,^~i CCA <7l/V\6L ^x-oLd. to C^jtZffyi/,

6H-V

^%VU?t

jv^x.

'^txXXTC- • ^E27FV

C^Vl^vu^

cbQs>ccx/A-ui w-pft-v 7< teb tCvx>
(A?<zt ZA4

t/yQl'&d-' ^e^£*'wv&<b / C\£

-^' 6^CtxwtZvyt^ 4H,2uM»4-

f-v6^ vbvtAv^t ^y eZ^Xv,j€czxXOimg.

_________ Othe-^
ft-ly

zzl'VzL/7l(h?/Lx^-<> ^Vl/vOwt7-i>v<-

6< iziAstv<>K^v^Pu> Cw-tA/eA/j ^wefel/p.^U

A^^l^<>vv^tCpv\

(%4-v^;

f

fc

j

to

/.AP^Aj'-A

j

e/^ZtP ixi;6vV'p>0'W^

-. ^-vg^oP 4iAXz/fwt^5

Z^vn^gzC^Z.<?bb jcv

b-wb

Q&vvt& ^n.cit-vw^

4/l/V

S<%wylv>^

t^fe&

/^■(ACt i^C' C'CXx.cb

U/-t/fct

. hb>&'

C^^C^tbc-

uJt'VvcZxz ixH-rA' ^L^cci c^od '^vcb

A'MXK' CA/VYAA^t^y^iz tiztiz

7 ■'ttvOTZ> ‘\^&x^cyv\&. -r?!^

(^Cth/X/V^l*

'(XoftTrSy

tb

ZLChC!/vt'
fclz>

V^^tyuZvCoAvt b^tA/iw Cb/vcdL -4m-

6z?6/wfc\/vJU



cvCo^M^b-

cZvt^/vb) / (LvOjh YO^vcY. Cl/v^dL^

S^ucXu^fz fSJy&txgths [Unifcj

Ct vi £ W

yiZo'? eA

AfPV’ftft,

'fe.__

_____________ '__________________________________________ ________________________________ ______________________________________

Tko
<T>\

Cl

az^>(9X^

I

L

&y

I

i(9-{

cGv3<vv|fPczt A/v\Xo

/U

l/r>i„

l'

i

^erwy OazZU"

xPvU'Wlz ifcw (StW&V/Ziz iL/tsb-Ccfc]

'

MPVH'A

C’lvut'

W

PU'VnPzvS

-

.

ife/AcKv^fe^ < A4PVAM-.

MPWM z

OtycL

BoanL o^,___

MPUMA Px-ccx/<tvv^ •
.___________ 'JlvC'
.w>

K/eCZL

fexg

7R1
_____________________TkL

______ <26)(9 4wznw^zo4
‘WwT "•'VwS'i/vvp gz^

CVlC /UvCC€^9C(A-v^

£<>

^TjyLOiA^.

AwsAv twPwQyg

Va

IjcAXU-i /wlA.
’_____ ~7PvC

OkX

lAwdxv
Lea-m

-PVl'Ii-j-.A
t. A .- .As CVw
CV1A,
M.pv
(2^7
P6^ tvct

____________

/g^

^Zl^OCv/'VtiZ^
<?V
xm9ca//<Av(Z7'v/

<^- ^tfe-ZZwp^

Ap'Vx'C 1^3 z ^■€vvz/
^z??vl^C) ,CtZ/pAz^ gwtwv^-

<^Vvv£ /l^-c-AwA^/Vw-CV^^ Avvlcc’'tv^'CC

b&^^^^'i-^e.'v^'b zvvi

Pv?x.cLzZfAv.

ffJdC)

^VytCvyt j?-6v Q/^gAw^S’CVtv^Vyf ^Vk>

6^ &Xce^t Aw "tl^ <AvptwzA$ tS>^

OWu

z!kA^4k AvvL W'pyfey Mca^Uy^Az

MPUHA
f^ww^pz

(VgZLk-VvgOO-^S

Ia^vvU

Haz/

w/ I'CsI'&d.

(\ VTWv^£>

gu-v ct

Zo

bo-vctcviw^z

5-f-zvfe,

/vw
CVve AZ^We/ Aw

AlPVW^s

6

Tiwizo Xo

<^~ -^'M-TvvlziZz

Lq<A>

^F___

&b d/vs^zwiz-e

^a^IazA^ 7

bc?/^

T/azCa^

QOvx^a/wvw^

^<wfc 0^- AA^wc^bs Jp&p MPVHA 'Maz/ma/?^/^ 4aa tCw A.ec-enb'
pa,$b

hwfc-W^ 44A. Rcgvf^ gVktgC

OAz^^yvuSCC foO'A £

I^O'VA

duLAj^x>jyvvveAvb/

M P VH A

MPVHA's.
44a

C-/x€cCvIx>pvlx^

£Rz,

/i^cax-a^aaa^
'Maa. Iac-k..

Mgl/tU^zTo fA-ZV^Lzo /v

S-fa.^ gu<zC Oppicc:
j/L

___ _____________ ~7Pvc

Oj^ijcc

^AACL

/MPVHA

C^/tAA/p4AAtnVC

y\A^b

lAviwi-kyv/flZ

4<S

^AzftZz^^v^vfz, pc>v

4UaX>

4/tf,

pAZz?4AvC (A/Czt/1

^r&n^ttxs :

'll'YO'

tA/Q-t^C. 4v6wvt2-g^ Aza/> 44

PwA^-C-Lt^

£^VU<jt

/iZ/Lgu t^OwS bvvpS

b <JaA)-CCAa^ /S^C^p
^vkzz
<5pC/bo^&-l<.'Uvib ^faAA/vlpp ■
'TpX^SX't' Asi. 5(vAAz(xa^ ij-p (a/va4<- y<>Spo-riS^bili^
aaa/

/<6g

UjAKxz

CUz/ /cwvvtz£<-<5t^Zz

tA/viClXvxZ-C-

ftAZ>

h/ca/k V'zxgzs;

4AA>

io^>c^a/ 4Vfi^yp<4cA/

4Vvu£

C4>-

7^ul

ZUvZ

CstA/^Cw-C/ b
~77azz spyj^b

gWv 01ACA- Lo^tcC &p (A/DA/t<

d^baMi/w^ Uxz^Xz

4X4 z?vLt -wvA^tgx^.

bCwix rokxcUvie^.

g^Ccz- gvwgl ^ugXzt c<;iAAWvv-j'vv\gK^

wj-rrfjov^/tum Koa b>rwtgf\fc
f IsxP'bifcx

h/O'l^C pAAyOAiti^S

ZKx97 r^tAwutta^AZz^

^UlzC tb I^iAs Loa^L.

____ M P V*H A

£4 yvJ&qy:____ ___________________________________________ ____________

few /wvLtk -Vvwd<5

I_____________________ TPw

j|AAgtdUMjgC P/L6LcU>U/ Qvw/W JO^Q U
f a i? 7 7 ,

z^fAp: r\^A^.

______ gvbzvfefej fe> Jjtihyv

bV^__ bvj few /WlfevvWLS
Ma p&OpLesS' pYV^Ytt.Wl$.lb A&

XMy

Tlw

feu:
Oy^yyo <Mi/k6<

__

$tra.tb^ty

Ccfeoj^tZet

6X-gl<X^-bzx./?C^ to feu.

As

aaa iao IveZ aza

'.d

b/*feiA^5^

/CHAtOZClfeOW z e^Uvvo^U^'Vvv

A/vurolve^ f

^ctiZ/^^ofeovu ma>

?Gfe

rcviuwv^

\a)oaA(^

Xo

fro

p/vvvvviVvvL^

<A/S£vS-(fewA- 4m

pz&ptu
p-^trbZz^''

J/\/uUcTWige^:
AXziZ^LezL

>c/tcbCaab

(MA/(^

MAj

V-

zWa.icC

/

I Z A- -

CXTKC^VlA/

f,^;n‘ri i-fewtZ-z

.

J

Av

Le^ueZ <y..

t&iA&C.

/b prvn^kg,

, jpviwaJ^ c\a^cL vw^-^thuvC
(^0VeM/ty\A£A4,[-^>JL CUaA

P&a^q^xvvcL;

4

Ck.

I—___.

(^

eA^ctcdu
fe<ZcLcA/$ z

Wia^ha^

feu> Qc,V€4.iA,wwuvt <2UA.fe Vg^ZAVvfevVU)

-____

_ fevow

sltcn'O'i
(Xt> few

ryvl?f>L^ ov^ iz^e^C <%d ^vylM^cnAAh^ 4az coyxc&^t.

ggvwiz- U/wvc

M
-v-

<1A'K0VzxUv€, ^V>^C

Il-

tzyp

I/<tUw^(7V^ <X^€4W<Z4, Aaa.cL

Iocc-cmaai^

b'Cctvu.

Afe, feww glboxAd,
<^yvo

Oa^S p-€A4^LAA%t^^^Z4zefe.

felony

few /vu-tewb pfa-

_______

________ ________

mahtIv^

oAcw^e hrfeidjX^

dtz

^vxAzxxAA-c^feie-/

MPV/4A

<6 cU"

7Rcn7tamiv

'Cite.
p^p&2S£=gfm£€J4Z^ aa

frn I^csaz
J>zt<XC>tv6i^C

zClAApAAW-lM,^
. '. »i j

s’*

O^CoiCM^A/j t
I * A X-*
Lv^vt>

!.

cost - ■C^CC/bvtAC'fe^

MA, to

AtPW

iPvo z^o i/e^vt-wvewb (A.y e/v\oia .
<^ZX^X&C6/

AajIs

at

A/j<c<^v<M4A4' ,

Jaa^a,-masia22s0mv

(^ovewvmgvvfc

pvtvLvs^

^X)S4vbte-,

IwvvJaaaa

C^fz^\ZvyS ti.



NlA/>x4/bicry\

Xofv^-f-

&A&tecez&z& (Mvyk

zJVktzt

/ffi&iL&i

TTvo XSXkv&S
^A4^^vw$

At \ i
4A
yet fe be, O^oailL

h/zvtt^, zWv6'kyxl»4^ T^AAVt-S^ltv^MJ

b\MO

v^aAO^

frfa

*' U

fl/Vixt

/% . azj . / /\ JL«/ >•
a o c /\^ ^-»_ /* <
(M/^
aaX'^Lc- AXSOH^CXS

Programs/actmtaes

!/VVwA,fe

.

tajc^ma^cu

i^AMtcu f

£Xk)Z&

Wizt

Ia^a^caacaa

iAtrtvvnMr^

OaaA>

MP^/^A

AaHzz

Aa/v^Cx-c^ p^OCC^S.

/ygu A6$4A^gX Ma,

/^W'C/wiasa.ma/c ma 2-0 Vvli^tA 0^

JXa^cLa)'^ d2s2s}A(2rt MMY^VVviAAziyVA^ Ajts^TfroJr^AA. <VMj frVOV‘VS>i'&V\. 0

^€^vUTi CAaaju

S^uvi/CcA

AAA

^OsIaZ(A) ^zWu^

lA/VW^t/vJb44A

(A^^AWC4
aZza
O--

:

amv
M
a,

Tzmo

&U
z^ C<V
vo </
vazSye,
C^xc,
<7W(-

strCAXc^’^- aZ,

<0& Jaa41^4?Za/

sXzvtez^
sixMtiik J^X
J^ry

A/iaO

O^iMa^SCI^OTaS

(2)Cr/e/viAjyv^MJO-

C^

]/trt\A/v2riM^j

zt4^74AX4^z^Z2-z>vuft4^z>.

AMA/^yi^yv^liMJiA AM,- M^saJaYk^
kctZzbcyL bMi, MPVAsA

^}<^xJb

V

-TM^>tA^ .

ytvtAA^

bi^- tOvC'

:

TKa

f^PV-HA to t>£MA^ C^MOM/bCeA OAA,d.

ix/14

____________ ■—



=..........

o4

W^CO

t^vvnzX £V\Z- (^CC<m44A4z^j

h

V-C/Z^mZ-S / b(fa^olA/(MAafa

Tk^

^6-x^i/bvv^ bp

p&O b&A

'HZ-C^ .

SlXc-cAgA j&X' ^vigoC t2zg& k/Vl/Z- #ZZ£-

wzW 6WiX ^Vvc- tZ-kte- u> czy^-vetxzvk..

-bko
-vv\vw v'TxXz

'to Vivu-t

ti-ww /izizzx't<.

71xj&

IAJ^xX^CVV&$$■£<£,'

Jin- S/bvoYb /

<3aaa.A>

foxx/x^y /ts

InJn/tty,

CV CXJv^^tlA^v^ p-o&stizzaZ>

b lA^cc^c^aAA^

c^w^L

zfcv(&tc(7^ ow fPvioo

to

rovwv^/

-fa/Us /iaa<hz^ w^&ywbtA^
J\^ ckrnA^i

<X^

^)zVP^rg(. h-vS ! <%cJvv*t/tt £-5

t'&A/x.fajp/jb'vx'i

C/D^\\/\a)\Ajc<\. '

£tftt>v(/vtcz)

ovo



k'O^'t^ AA^MP^kl^Si^A.^,

PtC^^d

Shri-n^
a^a /^vvq S^rakc^. a/wxovuy MPV/JA
^Vwct -vtx ^V^y^b-CAXS AA fct4y 'VwcAaa ^UVvtjCwv^ Jtyve^-.
J^^SZrvyA^c^b^rvX/

7R^

.

Po crtf^v? -wiaT?4v<J5

A/uvbvtvbbz^

'Yvxzmoy

A^z^dz0co>v6'A <?iA-o
bx/L

MP'/HA

U

A/wtri/tLcru :

-(J

(H-

p yy> ara.w\£



cvi^e.cMAA Px^M^ciXx^L

Th

;
!\

(^wX. ■e^/^r/'t

TY~a.dA>b\/cryi,aZ

s<wvaz

cmaA

0[>tX^vv^Xt<j

K/WxZ-

to Uv^

CYV\
'wuuckl.

^vpvvt

^Vw<tC Cfl>6^«teu^-

&
4?xzv tvv^k/ 4nz-4^uv6)A£<^
^AsOj-Z-Ub -

fo

Tr^ofxzMz^utZ

tvmb/2. ~^o

(?L. LycwuV 0V<aa

/Qg^^W^Wflz /VW^)/lA/^^(yg

itAyw,

£^bei/rts o^ //[ecUuiM^:

>u CuOvwccC ody l>^'VYVotZ,Yl^ “b wdddd>OlA&b
SeAb' (Lupe^^vtc^


xaa,

t(AX>k00w^ wvv^v-

OlAniC
aaa

C^ZV\Ao<vvvvvvvt</) .

SZA4A/CCS •

Tk/is

0^0

COvi€c^b

Xx

L^cCcaz

lb

6^

M£Mgg^

.Cvwvplz>

kttf

zAZ4Z£$-vb6^ tb

CMazcZ.

MPVHA

CMacL
aaa^

MPVHA 0Vvo Ibs^badg, bteptniMia
ckl
lAjidL C\^ ^(UvvcU^

kx^vtttx ^v\ct

MPl/Z/A

u^A&

Ao^iffY^
OY^M/^^tAdyuVY^,

cwuL

AA^t^c/y^s

VW.$g /L&i^XMACC 4/lAs i^Vvf ^V£»>W>.

vlAMuid^rt, kiA-

^Cy AA^h^fy'ItJAAg'

-

Thz. wwUvi

AA^b

C^VL^l tCiZd^V'

<Az ^z/6 --vvc4z£ An^dz^d,

^e^zvCA^vto^ tfb 'Wc^cL

])(A/e/(/Qpw\.ewb
4A Cb

CCwbr^

frb Ou

tCvO V-vtU^-C Uv-f/C

Ajlaj eLoyr^eA^.

"7?‘ '

'

On.

•d)
- d-P)

O^A^A^S >

TZt^z^

^vucz, fcvc/ SvA>- ct(^oZ'^cxMCoyaAM. (Msvvx/OSl-

fc-vu, 4zWe^vo^ yp-v Ml

M. P VP A
U\zn4/ ziAZ-tvt/oy'/ci

lA/tvpso "Wizw^zot cvtz- zvvt>/' 44xe^ezsx^i4t4y

7tvo

Cl/yj (Z>Q'W^(aa^
c^o

«7vc^

BOAkD

uve^vk-w^czs

'Wxgsiwbt'us

zjvwX

oA- ^'hvMb Jz«-v

OF A4PVHA

HckA/lAttj

(Ms^ma^ca

bo

MP</HAZ ffw'iA^v

Fx^tu^

•/vwcvyvbzCz\4 0^
(a/aAU

<Viz, /vcCoAZA to

'W’P'/M

t^nc

A^1PI//-JA

^iZzJ

MPVH/\

• 7r

fe bt,

IfcaWv (>w>\ z lAAytt> 0/pgl/kv^

&1p

12

£i-t^- fe>

ffa

tUc^ P^iaaA,

Tkz'
£*Wwt W
-<^t/v
z kv-<46-

UTa.^C/’W

tz>

p-CxT^t^'

J^gC0MMZMbA7l&NS

i^aaa^aa^

a/q

l?eplA2€^w /ivv^'VvU?^

c^A^sCevi^

_^yy^v^

SoviaZ/ 0-^.

2/^^^VV(AAAzevv ' t'CfiWvu .

0iZpvvt<4i/

(AIo'Q 'VVvtO

aaa/6^(7v6^a/0>i^

IaM>&P\

^gxe> MPvM-A

CH^?- A/w-j'iAz.eL

&w

^oyvca^L -

■■ MPUaia
A4 p V

^^AZ-TAA^St/zvi

J^Avt-CzviAxL^WAv

kkx skv^y

fr'L.

___________

ch

th

l/jvfcv



0 V'C/Wvtyx Cvv/^

C'Ua/C-

flfciJs*W.£ <^4^vtpv A4 Pl/IM 4AZ<ztj fe (K.d.<^Coo

MPlAJA Srm^a/
znvvcv^XiA/^

MPWA
Vi^kvc^v' j^£z^h4

pl/twvvC^

o[? V'Lovia ,

1 -

-

*-

fa> ^Kjgiotvgo^ (MajL
^/\X^t/vz>{xv

fsx> 'vxxxAsi

jkyr

^(^tX^wizk-g t

J'&'Cyyv'fls

^-OUjyi/

7kn<s

C\AAX^

C^\AXMA^^t'(XV\A^

CXXwtgC ^toL|9

d^AJ^A)^

'P'VQ C440

/AXC^C^AtTV2S zjTZ Mzvtft^lz

iATlA,dxA/Stl^AxdAAA^

zJWVct

/U WW /AZ4 KzXzfeZ

to

' ~7Kzz

^C&Az,.

to jg-o S'Vwi^vo^ izvo/Zz ^<y?ggd>tfc/6ix_

Oh>v- 4v p-OvvOgl 0^- b/\wc,

(9^ zvorg^wo^v.

p(^■^vt>^VvO'kVPVV

S^t^cle.

fi^Xzi/^vtv^-T/v^/^tzzzz /tzt^ O'VX

tX^Ooe

M

Ovv-

4X4A//>^VvVgA/vtvv

ziAoA/tv^UZi

'Tkz.

OvwdC

tfA/odsxXxjL.
><rtotoc^7>

VxX/fcvcrt'vfc

; nzzv^vU/s aJtotrvt' Pv*-v
r^L&

(2UW

ZV-S^VtO .

/v\P V/d A

Aaa^Z AcPM/x^P-CY>:
MPVHA

_______

V\A^<^Cc^b(^jj6d.

Zo

C?wwl/ Z^AX>sZ4zl ^,0 pnz J^AZ<$-tefeLL.

^>XXg-6W"

i^iAArtPi^ pQO(.S-ce^v ■

ft/Uzt g-hx^- ■

7R</

WvC-Wvfc W ^Vvl%

Awct- lAAZVxZ><A/-kUZAXx z

6Vv6^

0^ AAZ<X ^AZx ^irv

lWVw%^<vv^

C^t^cotd/CM/^ (%vtZ cU^?e>nMA^z%^Ayyv /ivy
------------------- &---(Ms^cM
-- -------- rtytYtA^r
------- -- dxA/ctobxvuk^ ?7^ w^uaz^
I'xAa/clAJpdLate

4K<aJ\Z£1u^

z

zaA^w^--

(Zavvs6<

TZCo Z)

----- _____________
/>vHxZz fe_______

/maiZwigs //aw^sA^s

^Vx^TvU^€^ 0~Y(7)
Z&az

J^4/0(t$
v£A^>o/v(Wij b^vt/e^U

(hV^(L
iA/vvZ

'pA/O^iaZtXv J-vewv ^A/^C/v^aaA:

^^>p-j?<ZU/tA^hAZ)

7kz

Tha.

JK^_

pxzuzm<5 <!^w

MP.

fa> dAA/ttop

aZ

^w >wvv^Hvei/vx^wf"

P^-s^e^s

/H^Z^Ziz? Ao
CA/i^ m^kA^Zv'

iMVui^

Cvi/z^tZ £frvyg

(M

'

zw^vfrvvcsiC -vve/hvir/^.
Thx^

^vJAA
K
aazwi^

bzXA^<

Ao tv be^

yv^^Ao&t^..
C^Vw

/?£/ ^CAza€€kv2e>

75

7Tvc

(Hb

L^eAAOC^i

(XA-Vist

U\</tA/ P^VU74ATAzZ/

)4/vtt4AA^k

hZ-CWlZAz

tz<^lA^>- Ce<J7Z/tftZ
4aOw- ke^vU^,

4^ o-^

(^ ^flV'/'

(M/\ds

!

;4zW^ AAAt£AzJ^Z%'^H^

<5LaX^

.

Lwvvcg'

OV VGLa.^) \A7-ott,

fclAZ? 4AAA/^Vl/t^~

jzvCHAA

TRcx


z^vuiX S/r<a/g^^

IaX^X44<a

MPVHA

hw-Llwz<L

%£,

MPUM

M/v

M>

^aaaa/z?C6a£^>



fo

(rxj&p

i'TM'Wn, /'Tov^
f\Ap^HA
4A^A>AZ^b /yvn

-WXXVIA

xZk

Q'Ot'Vi/tL

44X^1 W&f

MJfaAtwi.

^A7

4aata/P

tvnA^,

k^Vv<

Q^v^\j(^yvd/^ fi/x^-az.

(Mw)

g%<

0(>v^^vvv^P(>VAzVt4-

jiXrU-Ki^C^vM ^i/V-fy/o 6O4aZ^C 6*z- p<r^piAkA '\'C&&Wvcc. fr' M pVtfA,

- J^a}^yta cfrv^i/v
_____________ Th^o

^M/X/lvT'K'ZX
($V

Lvv^v tfruz

^An-mc-n^;____________________________

'Vuz-^Gbe,jvw<%'Hv^'HWvJRa/-

^^M^vlXxst ^>QzvvCwwv2-


bUz-

L
. .
.
_
biAA-eoMZA^zvp

SOWiMvV J^V OwH

J
CXnAgt

' Qlfce/\y
zi

,

M2

je^waZe^.

ob^bL p'wgra/wis f

(9-yy tCv> C^L'cb^fak.

C\aa.cL

tV^</VY^b-(M

(^bvC^cfal/)

C^(^fa.<>C(AAjf fyvvb-

C^\)2aO^Ci/^L^fa,

fa)

// j A \

ZZ

fa)

|>pgvtviAC/ fc/Ute

promote,y

To

aMa/)

To

<y4/<gp7^Z<MaA^' tfa/v? /V-^Svtz, /bktXz
,

5_ AWm^/Uvi^

.•

(My

' -frfaM/v

r

far OL(kd/\££S:

A . C jt a ,?

/h (XxbKwiZc-

z^VwZ

to S^A&itfae,

cJ____t J
I-be,
.
^4w-vtZ^

MPVMA

d aa

0^ MPV

I „ . J .
, . ^
wtXz&<>s4^>

>

<7|/W (/V\'ff^ D'Wft

Mpl/RA '\\LLds)
? "l A

^u>yC (/) yrpfafacML,_____

^bpOzvtvvvy^ tw?

y.

Lcpt £U>

.>

fa)

g/VM/v 4^

I^>Ia^€//Aaa^/uX^Az/ /\XAS^M/U/fc>- ,

ifa-Mt/L?

l^cM^t,

4wvb^vv^tA^

-wi

zVri'VvDV'tf’ytv/rvi/

fa /lAae&b

TtW^ v/j-m

■'

aaM-iajM^ .

^z^C^vo^iA

fa

UP-TO-DATE LIST CF MEMBER ORGANISATIONS

APRIL 1993.

1.

Betul

District

SpNOo

Bastar

1.

Jyoti Niwas,
Kothagaon, P.O.Korar,
Via.Kanker, Bastar - 494 670.

2.

Karunalaya Health Centre,
PO Karitagaon, Asna,Via.,
Bastar - 494 221.MP.



Nav Jyoti Dispensary,Potnar,
C/o Pushpa Niwas,
Jagdalpur PO, Bastar - 494 001.

4.

Santwanalaya Dispensary,
PO Konta,
Bastar-MP.

5.

Jai Mata Convent/Carmel Shanti <
Bhavan,
Catholic Ashram,
PO Govindpur, Kanker Via.,
Bastar-MP.

6.

Vimala Hospital,
PO Bijapur, Bastar-MP.



Social Welfare Centre,
C/o Catholic Church,
Jagdalpur, Lalbagh,
B as tar-MP.

8.

Assissi Shanti Bhavan,
PO Narayanpur,
Bastar - 494 661-MP.

49.

Dr.Iswar Ramani,
Manjulapara, Kanker,
Bastar-MP.

10.

Yeshudeva Ashram,
PO Bhiregaon; Bastar-MP.

11.

Nazareth Bhavan,
PO Chindagarh, Bastar-MP.494113

12.

Padhar Hospital,
PO Padhar, P.B.No.20,
Betul-460 001.MP.

13.

Institute For Social Service &
Rural Development,
Mothidhana, Shahpur,
Betul-M.P'.

Name & Address of Orqns.

2,

-2-

3.

4.

• 14.

Bhopal

Bilaspur

UP-

Dr.S.K.Vasishta,
Indian Red Cross Society,
Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal-MP.

15.

Bhopal Eye Hospital,
29,Rajdeo Colony, Berasia Road.
Bhopal - 462 018.

16.

Chandukuri Leprosy Hospital,
PO Baitalpur,
Bilaspur - 495 222-MP.

17.

Christian Hospital,
PO Champa,
Bilaspur-495 671.MP.

18.

Christian Hospital,
PO Mungeli,
Bilaspur - 495 334.MP.

19.

Maria Sahaya Kendra Dispensary,
C/d Susamati Niwas,
Link Road, PO Tarabahar Naka,
Bilaspur - 495 004.MP.

20.

Nav Jyoti Dispensary,
Parsahi, PO Akaltara,
Bilaspur - 495 552-MP.

21.

Weidner Memorial Hospital,
C/o Catholic Ashrarn,
PO Risda, Via.Masturi,
Bilaspur-495 553.MP.

22.

Sneh Swasthya Kendra,
Hasdeo Project,
Korba, Bilaspur-MP.

23.

St.Francis Dispensary,
P.B.no.7, Gandhi Nagar,
Bilaspur - 495 001.

24.

Gramin Vikas Karyakram,
Barchapara, PO Champa,
Bilaspur-MP.

25.

Lakhan Singh,
MP Vigyan Sabha,
27,Kholi, Vikas Nagar,
Bilaspur - 495 001.MP.

26.

Mr. Vi jay Tiwari,
Nehru Nagar,
Behind Jabal & Sons,
Bilaspur—MP.

27.

Gramin Seva Sanstha,
Post Pali, (Khatgoraj)
Bilaspur-MP.

-3-

Bilaspur Contd...

5.

Chhatarpur

6.

6.

7.

8.

Chhindwara

Damoh

Dewas

28.

Fr.A.Thainese, Principal,
St.Joseph's Higher Secondary School, i
PO Jairamnagar,
Bilaspur-495 550-MP.

29.

Samarthan Samaj Seva Sanstha,
Main Road, Lormi,
Hatri Chouk,
Bilaspur-MP.

30.

Christian Hospital,
Po & Dist.Chhatarpur,
471 001.MP.

31.

Gandhi Centenary Memorial Dispensary,
Bunglow No. 16, New Gong PO,
Chhatarpur-rMP.

32.

Sukri Mission Hospital,
PO Junnardeo,
Chhindwara - 480 551.MP.

33.

Opthelmic Services,
Mid-India Christian Mission,
PO & Dist.Damoh - 470 661. MP.

34.

Central India Christian Mission,
Damoh - 470 661,

3 5.

Christian Hospital,
Hatpiplia PO,
Dewas-MP.

36.

Divia Sadan,
PO Sonkach,
Dewas-MP.

37.

Khrist Seva Kendra,
PO Kshipra,
Dewas-MP.
Panigaon Swasthya Seva Kendra,
PO Panigaon,
Dewas - 455 308.MP.

9.

Dhat

39.

Anand Nagar Leprosy Rehabi­
litation Project,
Anand Nagar,
Dhar - 454 001.MP.

40.

Christian Hospital,
Dhar - MP.

41.

Catholic Hospital,
PO Dhani,
Dhar - 454
MP.

42.

Maria Niwas Health Programme,
PO Dathigaon, Rajgarh,
Dhar-MP.

10.

Dhar Contd...............

43.

Rajgarh Social Service Centre,
PO Rajgarh,
Dist.Dhar-MP. 454 116.

Durg

44.

Bishop Weidner Hospital,
Aradhana Niwas,
PO Nandini Nagar,

45.

Karuna Hospital,
Nandini Road, Khursipur,
Bhilai, Durg - 490 002.MP.

46.

Pushpa Hospital,
P0 Dalli-Rajha'ra,
Durg - 491 228.MP.

Durg - 490 036.MP.

47.

Mrs.M.E.Patlia,
College of Nursing,

B.S.P.Hospital,Bhilai,
Durg-MP.
i

11.

Gwalior

48.

Dr.S.K.Singh,
19,New Vivekanand Colony,
R.K.Puri, Gwalior-11,MP.

49.

Sambhav Social Service,
19,New Vivekanand Colony,

R.K.Puri, Gwalior-11, MP.

50.

MP REALS,

19,New Vivekanand Colony,
R.K.Puri, Gwalior- 11.MP.

12.

Hoshangabad

51.

13.

Indore

51.

Christian Hospital,
Sanyogitaganj,
Indore-452 001.MP.

52.

St.Francis Dispensary,
Robert Nursing Home,
Near Red Chruch,
Indore-MP.

53.

Red Cross Maternity Hospital,
Mhow, Indore - 453 .441.MP.

54.

Social Welfare Centre,
Nanda Nagar, Road No.12,
Indore - 452 003.MP.

55.

Dr.Arun Mathur,
13/2,Pars! Mohalla,
Indore - MP.

56.

Indore Eye Hospital Society,
MOG Lines, Dhar Road,
Indore - 452 001.

57.

Pushpkunj Hospital,
PO Kasturbagram,
Indore - 452 020.MP.

...

58.

Saraswati Mohata Dispensary,
Bhagirathpura,
Mohta Nagar,Indore-MP.

59.

I.D.S.S.S.,
P.B.No.168,

60.

Mrs.F.Jacob,
15,Chainsingh Ka Bagh,
Indore-MP.
(New PalasiaJ

61.

Dr.Savita Inamdar,
22/10,Yeshwant Niwas Road,
Indore - 452 003.MP.

62.

Snehalaya,
P.B.No.19, Kasturbagram,
Indore - 452 020.MP.

63.

Mr.Carlton,
Choithram Hospital,

Bishop's House,
Indore - 452 001.

Manik Bagh Road,

Indore-MP.

64.

Shradha Samudayik Vikas Yojana,
47,Vandana Nagar,
Indore-MP.

65.

Dr.D.P.Shinde,
C/H-30, Junior HIG,
Shukliya,
Pt.Deen Dayal Upadhayay Naggp,
Indore-MP.

66.

St.Mary's Dispensary,
Mhow, Indore.MP.

67.

Dr.B.M.Shrivastav,
24-E,Nawlakha Complex,
Navlakha, Indore-MP.

68.

Dr.Vijay Natu,
8/A/4, South Tukcganj,
Ganga Janina Apartments,

Indore- MP.
69.

Pushpkunj FHP,
PO Kasturbagram,
Indore - 452 020-MP.

70.

Sat Prakashan Sanchar Kendra,
Bhavarkuwan,
Indore - MP.

71.

Mr.David G.Singh,
Christian Hospital,
Banycgitaganj,
Indore - MP.
....6.

-6-

72.

Bharatiya Gramin Mahila Sangh,
313,Jawahar Marg,
Indore - 452 002.

73.

Cancer Care Trust & Res.Ftin.,
3/1,Race Cource Road,
Indore - 452 003.
Asha Niketan,
52-B,Vandana Nagar,
Indore-MP.

74.

14.

Jabalpur

PL.„ „
frc5

15.

'v'C<iv

Jhabua

'

75.

Christa Panthi Ashram Hospital,
PC Darsani, Via.Sihore,
Jabalpur-MP.

76.

Mahila Jagran Samiti,
E.Ghamapur,
Jabalpur - 482 001.MP.

77 o

Tarun Sanskar,
1784,Ranjhi, Jabalpur-MP.

78.

Nav Rachna Samaj Sevi Sanstha,
Mohla, PO Dhangaon,
Tah.Sihcre, Jabalpur-MP.

79.

Pushpa Kalyan Kendra,
Dungripada, PO Thandla,
Jhabua - 457 777 MP.

80.

St.Theresa's Hospital,
Panchkuhi, PO Meghnagar,
Jhabua-MP.

81 •

St.Joseph's Dispensary,
Unnai, PO Kodli,
Via.Petlawad, Jhabua - 457 773.

82.

Christian Hospital,
jobat, Jhabua-MP.

83.

Holy Family Dispensary,
C/o Catholic Church,
Jhabua - 457 661-MP.

84.

Hission Hospital,
PO Thandla, Jhabua - 457 777.

85.

St.Michael's Health Centre,
Japadara, C/o Mission Hospital,
Thandla, Jhabua-MP.

86.

Jeevan Jyoti Hospital,
Meghnagar, Jhabua - 457 779-MP.

87.

Ish Nilaya,Antonpura,
C/o Catholic Chruch, Jhabua-MP.

88.

pr,Joseph Thayil,
Jeevan Jyoti Hospital,
Meghnagar, Jhabua-MP.
.... 7.

16.

Handla

89.

90.

Little Flower Dispensary,
Buhwa Bichiya, PO Kurela,
Mandla-481 995-MP.
Jeeva Dharo-Health Centre,
1'0 Duhanbi,

Shahpura,

Mandla-MP.

17.Morena

18. Nimar - East

Bl.

Katra Hospital,
PO Katra, Mandla - 481 661.MP.

92.

Nirmala Dispensary &
Maternity Home,
C/o Nirmala Convent,
Lalipur, Mandla-MP.

93.

St.Norbert's Dispensary,
PO Junwani, Samnapur Via.,
Mandla-MP. 481 880.

94.

St.Gertrude’s Dispensary,
PO Dullopur, Mandla-481 880.MP.

95.

Assisi Sachidanand Dispensary,
PO Chabi, Mandla-481 672.MP.

96.

Dr.A.D„Haque,
Grace Health Education &
Technical Development Societ
Near New Masjeed,
Kostha Mohalla,
Mandla-MP. 481 661.

97.

Manav Vikas Samiti,
Ganeshpura,
Morena - 476 001.MP.

98.

St.Mary's Convent Dispensary,
PO Khandwa, East Nimar - MP.

99.

Vandna Bhavan Health Centre,
Bhagwanpura, Khar kala,
Khandwa - MP.

100.

St,Luke's Dispensary,
Pavitra Atma Ashram,
PO Aulia, Pandhana,
East Nimar - MP.

101.

Ashirvad Health Centre,
PO Dhulkhot, Via.Burhanpur,
Khandwa - 450 333.

102.

St.Joseph's Dispensary,
PO Deolikala, Khar Via.,
Khandwa - 450 331.
Sr.Khati Hauzer,
Mahila Vidhya Sram Vihar,
Catholic Church Compound,
Khandwa - 450 001.

103.

.. .8.

'

-8-

Khandwa Contd...

19. Nimar West

20. Neemuch

21o

Rajnandagaon

104.

Jeeva Dhara Health Centre,
Chanera, PO Dongergaon,
Khandwa - MP.

105.

Shanti Niketan Health Centre,
Karpur PO, Jaswali,
Khandwa-MP.

106.

Nav Jycti Sadan Dispensary,Dongalia
C/o St.Joseph’s Convent,
PO Deoli-kala, Via.Khar Kala,
Khandwa -MP.

107.

St.Mary's Health Centre,
Near Dalik, Aurangapura,
PO D Dist.Khargon - MP.

108.

Ehristian Hospital,
Mandlwashwar,
West Nimar-MP.

109.

Karuna Hospital,
PO Sendhwa, West Nimar-MP.

110.

Pushpa Niwas Health Centre,
Pandarnia, PO Warla,
Sendhwa, West Nimar-MP.

111.

Maria Bhavan Health Centre,
PO Barwani,
West Nimar -MP.

112.

Maria Bhawan,
PO Bhikangaon, West Nimar-MP.

113.

Dr.Manish Joshi,
Usha Clinic, Phawara Chouk,
Neemuch - 458 441.MP.

114.

Christian Fellowship Hospital,
Diwan Para,
Rajanandagaon-491 441.MP.

115.

Nav Jivan Dispensary,
Kaurinbhatta,
Rajanandagacn-MP.

116.

St.Xavior Dispensary,
sarangarh, Raigarh-MP.

117.

Holy Cross Dispensary,
PO Gholeng, Raigarh-496 338.

118.

Holy Cross Hospital,
PO Kunkuri, Raigarh-MP.

119.

Morning Star Hospital,
Beladula, Raigarh-MP.

120.

St.Mary's Dispensary,
PO Duldula, aashpur,
Raigarh - 496 334.MP

S-T-

22.

Raigarh

..... 9

-9Raigarh Contd..........

23.

Raipur

' 121.

Devia vandana Dispensary,
PO Jokhbahala, Raigarh-MP.

122.

Holy Family Dispensary,
PO Musgutri, Kansabel,
Raigarh-MP.

123.

St.Anne’s Dispensary,
PO Pathalgacn,
Raigarh-MP.

124.

St.Anne’s Health Centre,
Porthenga, Via.Jaspur,
Raigarh-MP.

125.

RAHA, C/o Bishop's House,
Kunkuri PO, Raigarh-MP.

126.

St.A.nne’s Health Centre,
PO Saraitoli, Raigarh-MP.

127.

St.Anne's Health Centre,)
Ambakcna, PO Asta,
Raigarh-MP.

128.

St.Anne's Health Centre,
PO Ghaghra, Via. Jashpur,
Raigarh-MP.

129.

St./lnn's Health Centre, PO Lureg
Raigarh-MP.

130-

St.Anne's Health Centre,
PO Birsinga, Raigarh-MP.

131.

St.Anne's Health Centre,
PO Gharghoda,
Raigarh-MP.

132.

Lahar Samaj Seva Sanstha,
PO Madanpur, Via.Kharsia,
Raigarh-MP.

133.

Christ Sahaya Kendra Dispensary,
PO Kapa, (Asha Niketan
Raipur - 492 005.MP.

134.

Shantipur Leprosy Hospital,
PO Dhamtari, P.B.No. 64,
Raipur-MP.

135.

St.Joseph's Dispensary,
Catholic Church,
PO Bagbahara, Raipur-MP.

...10.

-10-

Raipur contd....

24.

25.

26.

Raisan

Ratlam

Rewa

13 6.

Evangelical Mission Hospital,
PO Tilda-Neora,
Raipur-MP.

137.

Mukti Prakash Ashram,
Banjari, PO Bhatagaon,
Raipur-MP. 493 559.

138.

Our Lady of Providence Hospital,
PO Basna, Raipur - 493 554.

139.

Praycg,
PO Tilda-Neora, Raipur-493 773.

140.

Chhatisgarh Mahila Jagrti Sangatan,
A-38,Shankar Nagar,
Housing Board Colony,
Raipur-MP.

141.

Asha Bhavan Health Centre,
Samerikalan, Sultanpur, '
Raisen - 464 986.MP.

142.

Pushpa Dispensary,
Pushpa Complex, PO Silwani,
Raisen - 464 986.MP.

143.

Sneha Bhavan Hospital,
Begumganj, Raisen-MP.’

144.

Christian Hospital,
Ratlam - 457 001.MP.

145.

New Life Centre,
P.B.No.206, Alkapuri,
Ratlam-MP.

146.

St.Thersa's Hospital,
Dewra, PO Bhamara,
Rewa-486 445.MP.

147.

Dr.K.N.Pandey,
C/o Dr.L.D.Jat, Nehru Colony,
Gurh Road, Rewa-MP.

27.

Sagar

148.

Sweedish Mission Hospital,
PO Khurai, Sagar - 470 117.MP.

28.

Sehore^

149.

Pushpa Kalyan Kendra,
PO Ashra, Sehore - 4-66 116.

150.

Preeti Kunj Swasthya Kendra,
PO & Dist.Sehore - 466 001.MP.
Nirmal Mata Clinic, Kailaspur,
PO Pindra, Satna-MP.485 331.

29.

Satna

151.
152.

Sr.Lucy,
S.H.Convent, Pateri,
Mahadeva PO, Jawaharnagar Via.,
Satna-485 002.MP.

11

-11-

Satna Contd. ...

153o

Alphonsa Dispensary,
PO Jhand, Kund,
Satna-MP.

Seoni

154.

Lakhnadon Christian Hospital,
PO Lakhnadon, Seoni- 480 886.

155.

Chapara Christian Health Centre,
PO Chhapara, Seoni - 480 884.MP.

156.

Christian Hospital,
burhar Road, Shahdol - 484 001.

157.

Mr.S.B.Namra,
Ankur Farm, Jamudi,
Anuppur, Shahdol-MP.

158.

Giri Jyogi Clinic,
PO Gijwar, Madwas,
Sidhi- 486 669.MP.

159.

Karima Dispens ary,
PO Odagady, Waidhan,
Sidhi - 486 886-MP.

160.

Christ Niwas Dispensary,
PO Singrauli Colliery,
Sidhi - 486 661.MP.

161.

Uday Diespnsary,
Udayagiri, Karimatti,
PO Chauoh’al, Sidhi - 486 661.

162.

Holy Cross Hospital,.
PO Ambikapur, Surguja-MP.

163.

Ursuline Charitable Dispensary,
Bankheta, PO Pratappur,
Surguja- 497 223.

164.

Nitya S^hayak Mata Health Centre
PO Wadraf Nagar,
Surguja- 497 225.MP.

165.

St.Joseph's Health Centre,
PO Baikantpur,
Surguja-MP. 497 335.

166.

Catholic Ashram, Ambikapur,
PO Phunduldihari,
Surguja- 497 001.MP.

167.

Ursuline Health Centre,
Kodaura, PO Danwra,
Balrampur, Surguja- 497 119.

$68.

•St.Joseph's Dispensary,
PO Balrampur,
Surguja - 497 073.

30.

31.

32.

33.

Shahdol

Sighi

Surguj a

,
*

12

-12-

169.

Suryapara Christian Hostel,
Mission Compound,
Surguja-497 111.MP.

170.

Nirmala Health Centre,
Jhingo PO, Raj pur,
Surguja - 497 118.MP.

171.

Carmel Health Centre,
Puranpani,Dumberkholi PO,
Samari, Surguja-497 222.MP.

172.

Santoshi Health Centre, Patora
PO Patora, Surguja-MP.

173.

Prabhat Tara Dispensary,
PO Bhargwan,
Surguja - 497 001.MP.

174.

St.Ursuline Swasthya Kendra,
Jagannathpur, (Mahadevpara),
PO Dharampur, Surguja-497 223.

34. Ujjain

175.

Pushpa Hospital,
Dewas Road,
Ujjain - 456 000. MP.

35.

176.

Catholi Mission,Garratola,
PO Manegaon, Baihar,
Balaghat-481 111.

177.

Good Shepherd Sisters,
C/o Catholic Church,
Sindhi Sadan Path,
Ward No.13,
Balaghat - 481 001.

Surguja Contd.......

Balaghat

W T3TTOJ ^grisit
llfl
oPOTaferfi

cHw^Tk jwr

Tfcft cbci||U| ■■yfjifd-ifi
-?TT9HdId,

7-enfOcT
cbcilPf ^PlfcRTT)

3TW3T

a.U. £?T EPT ftelT ETfcIT 7F53T ft, arf aTReZT itestf Ept slfcR ctet^ it

ticiicl e^ fcTU aar atetet Ept ate arar

i <g-ew<>te sft fqfSqmeiteis e£ cg?TcT

afrjcET UcT ^TWaft ter it Tji te?T if “itaft EPFETM afafcRlt” afte e£t arf I te?T

Erf 19 94 ^ PHaj, fepif arf fa cnielspai te arpdcTT E^ 3a 3IHI<H1 Epf UPd

ftelT, ftelit ERebif) 31 aidldf if teteterfr gfterf tef 3> aRI anaa itestf
if <JJUI|GH<£> E|ETR 311441 I
te?T eft ifaft cbc3|0| Elfaifd' EprfsPa Ept g etea TB^rf ?cR er 3ltej
31cdte£rf W er aft aafT aRTT I erf 2 0 0 0 if tel Eft itaft cbcRJ|U| Elfaifd eft

Sledded ddlsld ^dduifd tete ya><bR it oiclldi aRJT I erfana if te?T Eft aaft fadT teteaTdrff
afte s?pep fatter srararaf 3fte greifarEP arR-ezr Eteft ir itaft cbcepui afaifdgi arfte Eft ar ^te >, fa

fftaiiter cjejq-dajT if aapHraftetet ara sna ddni rft s)^ «iI’Wht ^{ciejtu <35?^ii ft

1

itrff Epana afaferff efr arazia if arf uep ate rffearerff epr ^teifer? fear w, g^f ^tet site
itterff epf 3irgfcTcp fqfcbcai Mefifet it i)c|iU

aara

cpjrf ufT ’d^l

I fdc£> aiST (£t TJRlfdiepdl e^ STTETR TR

epaate grf up airf cisi<£> rft fa:^ap rffgxar Tjfcrarr trf sirfrfar sudsEr <Pa^ ar aff
itaff epcEW aterfci cprfspa

1

a^Pcr agraa it rff^scaicrff epi at Eprarepar §su, 341 cpi

aEPiacacp garrer a^rf Eprftpaf i^it rfarR epcehut, €tEpiEpaT, Egea, sieeret fciciia<i, arg trf fag ct>c*nui
tr §3ir 1 fotapt ipdai^o

gitter

ajasrarft sft RPddgterf
ddufcifteraf ept ate t

snarfter arpacmj aft faeft 1

itaft cpdijiur afiifcrff e£ aaicra/^cEr ept after aa?n ara
faar aR w fteit

1 faaiirf' iioffcpcgnor afafa

arf

gartet ate, dSifld/saiEp

7<r er arfte 4rf eft fteracp site girfaEP anazr te? er agfte «ter e}> aagg agar Ept afafa epi
Siow sidiaT aar

1

anaa ate frf e£ ate it itaft Epcgpr afiiftef
3irartet t, fdepfat aerate tefteaafaK e& aiEjarrsif

3a aaft 3t?iricpI<u trf siRicbrf agtet ept

3Tgag itaft ebcaRr afafa if after teraa fter

1 fteiErft «i<?ldd fa gter Enfarff Ept teef? arRsa ^fcisnu <ytei Epjrf if Eid)ci §u

1

gam <gHR aloiftim
ate

eftEp anasr ufaiR ebdum

te uioR-rfctf, a.g. ?rraa

foicn
■jgTZSET ztcJTsft

IclL?
efe ZTaft f&TcTT Idfcpcd let41
Ztrft cbcdiui did Id 41 cj5T 3T3R fqRT SRT
I ZTEETtrfsT
rflrfST Zt 3FZt irf dtfERR cf§t zfldl Zt erf
zrfdtz furf rf fulcfT 31Zddlcl Ztrft ebedR dldlcl 4 41441 rf <t>cdlulief 3tM<^Z1T4cpell erf Rl<S 14>dl % I
erf 1 9 9 6 rf rf5cT
fuTetT Zd4d zrft ePedTR did let di’ejdlz 4 3prf WT erfrf ct>i4ct>lci rf ORT W sfrz
IrfcfT fclRbcdlcid cJ5T Tjjrf z4rf epRIcpcrQ f^RT, 3{TgfRcp rffecZTT MqcJci/3M9>dJl OTeRJ epd4 efrf c^d4 sfiz
irfrft Z5TT rf rfrf rftcR dKR cprf EHet erf erf rf:^cR ZeTTZ-EET Zjrf£nU/SenU ^RT cpZT^ It I ER Id cl Id cl I
£R ft UR, ER 3?tZ 3R 3-11<J?I<;Irft

3T3ft tRJSRT RF$t % I
did tel c]5t dETtRT fedicb
Hlrf 2001 ePP ferfsTR jrff Iff 3 c^fe 53 cTRfT 57 SuTTZ 241 wrft
31R did Id cf5t HTR
I ?ZT 31R
3R Hep 2 ePZfe 7 8 cfW 97 BOTZ 1 0 2 ^ZoPrf cHJR Utrf urf I
ZPlt ePeRM Zll^ild
IdRpcdlcR cPT Rt cPRlcRcR feqi 3Z1<1> SJGET
^ZT XPPTZ Zt t :-

^d^PdUl^ctd aft.ift.jft.

ftpiH

fulcTT rffecZHcR oRdZ ?f Ztaft cpcdl^l zrfdfcT
c^TZT 4 0 eTTZsT Z>. cfSt clldd
zrf Zjfg£|I^Qvt “3lll4cd
sit.tft.^t. STcR” cpr lcidlul lend I SRI I §d<i> lcidful 4t
Iclsbd Zft#5 E5T aft dpdldl Z5T I

*11^011 W diol ftrfocHT cU§4

fdHPI
“311 Red HeFT”
JltraT fdRxZUcid 41 3Trf eTTet Zl^ldl c^t ZjfcIETT ePt
'i^-dd ZZsrf §Gf Xfefcp zt “zrf^eil irf sTTeT fefczTT W1
^aft IW‘ 5RIRT RRT I 1 5 eTTZeT Eltt cTReT Zt 24
fazdx^etlci ^ZT dipci I cn^ cpr cftcprfui ^rf?T cfc ^dddrft
4t RRautdfyp ceTTzr 9 srfcT 2 o o i cist Rrfrr zrt i

“h[?cii irf eTR FtFbcdl «n^R zrft f^HTJT”

cf?n ^faa

Hd*I 3>I

R R?T ejft eR rft t§grf eft fitru zrfrfeR
R?TT df^rT Efe
1 1 efTST 5 0 goBZ cf§t cTRcT Zt 3TcR

35T ferfur feajr URTT i afts 5TT5RT ft ^gftar ft srar ajg ar?n ajfftr ftag Mara RlfftcCTrura dRidi ft felcT % I

’^ft SdfclRctrd Riedl fdfftcidlcdiJ ftftfR ft ftaft cr>c^1lul idRlfd <3771 fcTHcf RiaiRl aplft aft <*>aiU aipaftoRT ap§f Ucf aftbRT ftg cpT f^aftui I

diJu^l<4ici apr fSiddfui |

Sift iodd I
fttafe ftftk aft uftrj fts, uRidi ft srarftapOT i
Clcftd decided apT xSRef uft dftet Llftd cdftcl I

£ftkxt> <&>, Rd elm cn^sf, ^ftur Rraftft i
olcliCi <P£T
gaftfaftss ap§f

e

an^ ap§r
44 gcplcii apr RlddRl 1

Riedl

RRb«dlcd<d aft ^oqclfejd apjft ft fed (J

ftaft cpc4iiui -aRiid 'ft ftftafeF? cPT cprft grej ft [cd^lI I

^,

spadsi<gl ftiftferr <ft cprftf ft idfcfcbct pt
f?Tg cni, 3rf
scIS fteP,
fctviRicp, SJijjd dl^, ucra^ ^ai,

fteftcicl dT5, 3TT^?ftft$Taf dl^, oted dl^>, al cl 3Hd^?TcT

fftfts?, ftoT 3nft?iar fftftgj, grafts cirsf cpr fttftftgR,

<

ft'idicdii uft aarra gft pt ftftnfer?, 353ft aft ,>dibi^ ^rfger
■jCTeft iftdlft, 4-idiot Rusfftra"! aft araaara ap? arasz uiicfl

cdaiarg £? 1

M-ejfci anft apr ^3TT oftftfeR

V

fftcfT fdfdx’idlcdil ft 3J32T STcra Fdfftcidl ap«T Uar
ftar STcra fdfftcidl, ap§T aft tjyf ^rftur dldl^d?|cdd ddlill

ftft? anj I

34<WU1I

JHclrtldl
n

JOO UH.U.

dldlddjMd SJIMtRFT TzraSS

arraar ?rftzaft aidRftfftagftrat aft ftg?R?rftft ft rrrerft ft ftiu Udr atdRdfr 300 uar.u. aft uaraft

ar^ftar aft fttancT idlfttd ^TCT Idffteadicd<d aft Rd eft gfT arfttar aft cdiaid 4.5 0 cTRsT 3>.

3

I

eft
ft Utr.3fT^.^V. cjft UTFET smft eft fefU
foTHT fgfftxTd(e1<U eft
leg if ufeTOrftST 3Ucbim eft
gftrenajhrr cmrrii ^TRftefwrft errorTwftl? I

IprfWi
>
> rs
i__
rx........
dFh?r ji141 IxiRjoanciej cm trst HeFT
31 T<l diet <5 «ll41eillfticbef ftTS emRT ISiMdl*
*
J
ftftsr ft fciu u^rrftftter arftftr sm? eft mf ft fftiifti T-aiwrr ft fftru 3-ifdRctd q>$T cm fftarftr aft fftsn msn ft i

usroftftte? ftt eimci 2.25 mror ft i

U)

?rft?
^aft 3Rracft qft sriaQsu rnftr cift ^fftsn
ci> fmu ^ftcftajmSl msfftr ?ftaftcr mra 3nrns£i crt^ m=f t
fcraft ftftSral gft
SJcifdd geep ft- cjsaj 57 tt?
cift micft
1

zftfthrrqft H^fld
r\ r\

■s.jvx c\

r\

wioKimWl *jprc
Cbcw-i nft -q-^inid gft srftt fcicr>eiioici 1 eft fftnz
■d'dciiejcpel UcT ei<MgftcK>Tcf, ?Tt£ fteT gTZTSTaft, 31c£lxHI3uS

arftfa, ft^Rwer uft 3R2T 3<ra>^ui

1 iftew-i rjef rr^mna

3L|x||i 34-eicd ?ftr 7(ft !c|cgfd4i Cjft
ftbiftl41 ^ftft c^pld eftf Tejmcii cjft
ft I

cjyjft-

fftnz

^cCciqpld, W
IWRftftftft Tjffte

ITTft ^Iftui^ctd ft?reuftu^zte?^ftftftbenai

r^rr ;ww^mmf

1

<0141^4^1 <jpie
3mm^

ftra^ T^m

eftr ftejsft uei ^5 3Tnft?T^

g5T^^

,

fiifipoai
3ic<yiui yftfd c?tct Rifocaiciej if fsRpTFST RiRbcar
cfr
T^rwn q5t nri t i f?r$j
H ^rer Tenfaci gft art
didi^dofcdd =rrpr|

Ucf ifsejce %g cTTsfz 3HcS7Dft if

§cq^<x fi-d1?ffe?T=T <^|dc rpfit
T^iifwld

I

$<i<£ Ilfdfictd cicflci 3qip<ufl it
1.
2.
3.

sTlctftl
(f| tJcT RdiWlWsilfl
Tff-3-rnjf
4^Ri°ii-t>iei'i >^pic
341 l-l^.^I cr| islet TdfjcT 3l=)<r> 3Uci>iul

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
i o.
1 1.
1 2.

§13lcl<4 cR<T
3iic|ctc)c|
'^.fc-i-IC'l TSTcTF^fuRT
U^T7 eJ5^t$T=r?
after?
wftsrt 3Tl<Rfiaid Qd^u^?
eBcdlil aftez
ffecT (HlcfW
^teife

f?T?J TTFf RlR>oeil

clcpfiqip fitted cqh^i
[q^d cJ>t clcnfc-McD cqai-err
fold I fcifcr>caiciei
TRI 3Tt A cldild^
if cRTRf 31^ 11

siV.^t. <Hr

5

cdcRm

Hr> # (SniRd

fdfebcidld’y cfe gcTERT cjst s^di «RTT^ Ucf cPiTraS
fcrfaTcnT cp^ff TJef
(WT (J5f §=CZcpl<H if oil3l ddl

fcTU cTT^{,

veYHr inffertef

I

fhfecsi gfamsft # |t
fiid? <P1^ <ilol°il
|

fptcfT felf^aHIcW if 3nif cnif zrifa cRf
ilfjieif 3> fcTU alilfcf <5171 ffe spr^ iflddl cTRJ^ 3T^
ajfuRTT 3icd4d ifaff
7i<H7d
fapSJdP cj5t WP7 3ncT?-y<Pdl^74l7 TTaft 3dWrarr aft f>:?JdP

ygrar cj5t uiicfl

I

aft qtil cRn fiiflpcai ■mndl tj? fhu ’$33? 3ndc4
fitfcfccaiciej
sWertT cj§Y cpaft zpt
eptsT
fen? RrfWcf ^rzr yfcid4 s ew TRRt
tjtcs 3ncfer
ept wejrt ttstt urjt It 1 =rar 7if?r it uftcRf rsfp stRrfERtf, Eirra; Enter siusci, eta'll)
wts step
TTRrgft, ucra^ fqscsr, d)cil<jjiu5l crzrr ^.Tft.oft.Tlef, teft sn^.it.Tte, fseMi^sici QiRca sttfcRri crar 4>^ci
Site JMdsET cpiiel rrnft

I

<131 <j<t»l<l
f^TcU ftrfqxTTTcRT
EPi Tgcft Tgcft t

cjSf gcprar ^ssnixH

3TRt Ttftieif

fcTC? Rlfcbcidlcd>tf nf?CT if T?Ep CTTT c£t gEPRf eidifcid

uft, 2 4

gq5Rf it CTT3ff cpf fcpZT sTTuCT 5JeET it CT qfcTSTcT cCT CT CT IcfRIT uTTcfT t I

-ae-qldi

RRnfcRT

Tjft

CTT

i

HrfTfot xgfCTIT Cpf WSRt £ fcTO Tlftfcr aCTT TffCTT CT 3T^T RlfSbo’-il ?cj>rf

CTif

itW eft HI# 11

WPl£cq<l<&l
Rifled lei ej <Pt dTOCTRS RBRf

fcHJ sTtRf RRI5T^ cpaff/cTI^ sTRT qft ifanj tf^RP ^?RT CT eft

t I

cQatfii
RlRbcdlcid qft
aRnt i

*R

CTCT-eiT 3fcddfd it

^fdcbf qft iMTU eft uIRPR 3^ 3JKTT CT eUfelffl iffal

Hl^cl c^l dW'ttll

SCTRT oCTT ycicd ifcft EIT?RT cPT RRTTeRT <^c1d<H CT CT ifjflcpc'lCTI "dfdfd oCTT fcpEH uTTcn 1? I

31^1 ■^latliv


iRjft cpcECTT dfdifd C^RT fsRET ^fcimnj aft 711^1 iff cfc fga
cTTgf
fcTO 2 8 0 0 ^44^







2 60 <*><ks|c1
15 0
Ucf dfebu
^dclTf T^tcf cjq
2 0 0 cfedl^ eiT<th>I
1 0 3i l crif] ui d RicRs-i
200
M^l 7lfg.d git, ^fat, T^.UCTnfJT^Rlisrer.Truftgrcft^dllil df^if ^^uflci ebc|73nfe I

3qci<s£T cpTT^ ^T=? % I

<

c

ftrai 3R4dici

( h.s. )

<pc41°i

441 ei4 fP. - 1163/26.3.1996
3TFT^>T Rq<«l

MUlRra t?ql^ 1996

31.03.2001

(7lf?T 5T4sfr 4)
1 .

?^c^> cgTJT Mikl fJcRlfST

3T.
cT.
54.
4.
>.
lb.
ST.
4.
R
uT.

2.

$<4-5<9<jl?Tsr tii4a

859094

U4d^

4-4t.4t.

7f.

sj.u5T.4t. (al =il<y iuSI)
45T trft§T°W?4 4t T5TT4
<Als<bcl sils

186740
52495
478050
46225
95584

4nilciY414>ci $=i^<il?Tsr steJjt
3T.
scTS BcJ5
ST.
4e)ciT4|cbci

127350
1029524

1156874

[=1545

3TSST W4

31^<r5T/<Jl<i MIST 414

5.

U^^T 4l4

6.

<51=1 4 Mikl 3TTSJ

7.

fcrisicci d<b1 4 Mikl 3TRT
3T.

xf;

W

119600
1460750
1 2760
247725
3270

sT.

TIT.
4.

6887176
1056323
1721179
758720
116714
1390135

3T.

4.
■?.
3.

3TtjO.
3ni.4t.^t. ($<41 i)
Mlilc^d <h<H 41J
3n^.4t.^.
cW wfe (PTjfcT ?Jc45)
iciiaw 4l4d
311M^lcl 4l4<3
fcfuTsjt^Tft
U.3TT7.<
3TS2T ?Jc45

1

286000

452715
2299626

343031

’dll^cbcl i<uS
5JcW 4>l 44^454

136855
150975
5520 1

d|l41
I^basl cbT^cbr
cMclAgC 91KT cbT febT
cjai^Y 4>t <jct>l=1 45T fepT

f=l 5<b
r=i 54>

^fkr

12284516

^vT efrlzfhT
8.

9.

3710000

nicer Zlf$T

I=i7ifu| cbTsf
st.

Tiran f^Rr £ nra
fcTEiracis fgrfEj
to

?T.
n.

=*5=3 $1174 cl
PICcT
7ltrtJ $1174=1 Zl OTCcT

31.

12284516

2060000
600000
800000
250000

1604007

31=71 31 fi 74 MI '-cl
feuifae/sbsfeafgft/cfrcr/fciJifciT wf/gcwsr fezro 3iWr aieicb-i/aiPif^cb <bz

1 6889503

1 0.

JjCpId jjlldl 7|di

1 1.

£cbl=i fah>|7| il 31171

437633

1 2.

®3M Z1 y I'd 3H7T

325934

1 3.

31=21 fcrfcTEr 3ii2r

31T7I

105648

35357241

wltlRiq IgeT 3TT?T

czi^TcpT Rqtui
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1 0.
1 1.

Tc1cHF«J| cJ5T2f/ufluflqSl7

16604001
3184113
1827343
1607326
1496847
244050
268299
305257
592181
500000

3Mci57uil <51 y^=l/T47<HHC1

sfrndt
3132T 31Wcilc1
<£><HuiFaAiI cb) 741=1^71 00=1.+ 74u1<yf| + 74|=1^7l)

irafcRur
(Jd^clcrTI n? c7|<i|
cblTjfciTflci CURT

31=71 ftlfcbc71 IC141 =i cTJTJ
fc|7l[u| cbRf 3lUl74 cJTtTZft (711713 fSrfei)
31771 femfofd/cilTr umzft
3Tsft/ci^r/Rl<HfuT cfjRf/^cbrcf

1267685
Al I/3TfsjT3T 3i Iq<f>7/c| iPlK^I cfc <J57

27897102

y'lilRiq egefsw
HTZPm>?tn
31?3j <H
§cJ5 UcT cfr$T
<jl<j)Rld ^cl 31T2T

Cgcf 7j)j|

1=1 Zeb
1=17=b
35357241

35357241
27897102

34’fcIH ZlN

7460139

-Mt <t»c41ul -ufhfd

31141H

T<I

ajsgftft sft RRddgRd6 ftt ft tend ft gft?T ft cnsj; fftReiftg ftaft cbcgiui ddteRi sna^gr ft a^cr
RftcTcT 3ddd-ldld 3Rta, teen ftdftli it ftftt cbcdM teftfcd ft aft 3TTgi3T TyiRld fftu
I

1 cid'sid 1 9 96 gft teSci
ftftt ebc^M teftfcT TRft ft UTd anagrsft ft 3T^jtr TdREg ftaT3tf ft
ay Neb e[Rg eJR eftet cbT fcT$aRT 3dtecT fftgi I Uft$T ft
eftb TdRsg Ud dRdR ebcdNI ft< sft ^3W d-ildRid||
dft 3i<gqi4 ft >5f5T UeJ5 3ft? cJTsff ydft RlRlcI 3| d-d cl I cl cbT
3dTgiRift)cbdul cf g^t ^Tdft 3TR d67fld arfts ft tefdd
3RQcHcI gft gft?T ft
ftft Rdfclcl 3dd<ldld daft cbT
after teen uftf ftlftteiftl ^Rtett snerer

i

&lcq>d -<dlvrej ft dd<Hd| dft 1905 ft acTT Ol^lo
Rd Rid 3ddddld Ud5 ctet TRTd ft Ttteejl gt 30qid cJ5T
cfe 7?r > i teen aj<j2ircra ^105 te.te. g>t
dldlo §ll«d«)|<f>, dJISiqqi, sTlfciqi, ^cldjlsi ’df^d 3lR1L|ld1

g> qte«r2 5 0 artef

cite

1

3UtiR g^te snit 7^

=R{gt Trier

Tfteraeff w?r TToRenar gt stegs gitef gt

teu aft

gtei 7gT

<ldfl 4»(*Q1U1

tl'n«ne«iui*Rlrid<log^oq>cAAi§(T
•eqiduq hsH $ft^1*1 <t>*nt xnl^fagi

I

dl<l(J QR1 ftPV dLU 3ccl<5141^1 <P14

3T£zj gft?i gft fgiudi Ra-d
3fg7T7 n?
1 ciqchsld 1 9 9 6 gft 3i defied af 31T^ JI ft <3 gft ftaft qjc<dlul
ditefd ft 3rocft gssicT ggeicr 7t te Id ci 3idddici gft ug>
=1 dll dod RdJ|

|

4ci<>il W 'pofltR C^t
ddtefd fiiidi dd<Jyg<n ftRldft eft Rd ft 3id<idici ft

3dci<s£r ■gTift ucRil uft doeftdd gft ^dodftl gsi gste ?rg
•eil'il'Ui*bl g>5T

ft tedi c>idii i §ddcft Trig <ft efefte gsftfgz gft 3mci<£Icit
aft gfftRga gft
i
gnft g? 31
327 Toqft
egg §3dr 1 Rd Rid srjg-did ft arftf jrftgft gft gfggr ftg
3 0 ante, 5 0 dRbu, 1 0 0 ggg? ug 5 0 gidd 2 3 &dR
5
8 5 -dMd) ft gjzr teft nyft 1

4isl

oftullg<R

RgRdd deleft ci Rd Rid 3d7Mdld aifts eft ard^r eft
wftefeR gft grgtecbdi ft tegr ggr 1 foRdft Tjaft grsf,
Mdjld ’J?

10

SJgfd a[5 Uef on^ET ftftt eb«T eft <Hd*dd TTbb TbbT^ cf TaTT^-gcTT'? ebTT? ar? I Mdjd ^T5 dfed ft cilsT ft
ftter Tftar ftfcrsr pssffeTur fftzn aw i ?7fft 3fciw rrgft ar? ftt gwn
ftdcr ate un difcidi cw^ ar# i

cldW y<i>ai H?fl<4

^fclUl

f^rfcTcT 3TdWcT ante if STTTTcf gOTT TRcvT 6 0 Uaf.U. IW^ arsfte eft gferETT ft

ft ft ft fftag

ftaft cbcdl°T TlfftfcT if sl6d-i 1|Ru||<h jft cTTcft 3 0 0 W-U. LJehlft ayftar ftf TjfcTEJT 3ld4dlct eft gi^dl ebrft I
dcftetflftET
fft EJ5 dJciEJT 3Taft efft fuicll g-asd I cl >4 ft 3l^Mdlclf ft dMd<£T d^l s? I ftaft eb cd1 ul d fdfd &ld
6
cTRfT 2 0 ?oTT7 ETT7 ftt EFI7 7?ft ftt cilJId ft 7T§fte sb^T ftt It ?7fft 3TcWT dfftfcl ft wft Rbed,
?c?dq7, Ebcha< dftte ftt? U.ft.ftt. Webr? ebl ft?

aft SHefsEJ 3RTU aft I

iil«il4ll<pl HSft0!
ftbf eft 30cT§dcbdl eft EZTTcf ft diflci

did Id ft

fdfcjcl 3ld-ldlc1 ft zft ft <J11 eft 7T?fte eft gfciEJT dUdsET

cr>d4

I

fftu 3idMdlCl eifdd^ ft clldlcjegfcld ef5§J

eRT fftaftuT eJR fttftftnrft ddldd ftg Ucp frlfcbcdeb eft

fftsftsr

ft ftsifef aft fftsan 3RTT > I

eft <11 left ar?ftaf

4 cTOT5 7 5oTR 5 3 7 Tonft eft cTTJId' ft 35ET eft TJlf

I

ftidUllift M^fld

34d4dlci ft 31MI7 JJRlft 3Tlft ftfftftf ft fftu ffddd
cdcRerT
Peb cns? gcR 1 5 I 8 0
eft dUld cbT
ciaiid I JId I
I fuldft ftfaidf eft <isi ftldci elduld
3eTcTs£I ft 75T
I =Rfft TTTai ft 34dMdlci l|Rd7 ft fftlcT
gu uft ft’sem ftf fftnftfar 357 $cie)ci ftte? cian^ ar? 1
fijldft
qict qjclxl Uef m-TI eft ceft

Mefteb eTT^ ft

cl I

&ld

efdulci

<4J^dl

cbddl uTT 7?T % I v5TcT d446ul ftg dfftfd &ld (Jeb
fftftcRJ eft ftft ft eWi JT# I

•left0! [a^cfttP'l0!
fftfacf 3idJdlci

eft cbldlebcM ft

Rbfearft dier 1 0 arftftft, 6 0 sajcr cirfti,

3474dlci ft aftRf fggftftdR EbTTEJT URTT I Ejft fft^ ft

fftgcf

1 00 sicsr cianft arft 1 ?7Tebift tr 28390.00 75. srtfttar? 1

Sirftpi cMRclaU 3ft [W«l
TTfftfcT ftt 3TRT ftt slSlft ft fftu ftaft ebcdNI Tifftfcl' ^TTT 347Mdlci ftTTR ft ?tffftlT ebleHjftetTT ebT
fddfft fftETT aw I fold ft 2 2 cHTsT 3 4 ^5TT7 9 9 6 TWft eft dUld ft 1 8 geblft cbT fddfui ftw 3RTT I ?Ef

1 1

06979

H^|-

lilt hha
&
f O' 2

Ul

|i!

2

Bai 2J>
rj. ? 2

f

f<Kdi-Aa><ui
Rllclci 3{^JcncT
Ept TlWlcJcT fcl^dl^cbiUi
^jft Sfx^rPT TffihfcT
U45 STHTcft JJ5RT dlcrtdl
cRTR cj5t
I cfJRT dloidl SJGSJ 7W 7f 3R<ldlc1 cJ5t EudlRd
1 00 IcRdTI cUcTT 357^ ctSIdMdl
MTdllcId
ct><Hcb'7

^cplemp

I ^TRPT
cf>pf Tjyf g^cbT If I fcRdlSteui ^jtPRTT cJ5T 311757 <cTT£r uRl<£ cllT^fcK SicRST
sJTT old Id I W It I

0Q4-6U1

c|cMc<|cb fcr^cT CHRTKIT
UcJ5 bicRcR cRIIdl
3TdT I $dd51 cZTcTTdT PZ TWd 2 34 3 3
cETd §U I

(pcdlul <lfkfd

dl<lo ftifdrt 3i<Hdlcl
fujcr

w.

3IRI SFI qjTcf
l4di<t> 1.4.2OOO £ 31.3.2001
sP.

3fRT

d>Mcl

1. 3it.tit.it.
97cff Muffeici
2.
y-ejfd^
3.
31^?RT
4.
Utra^
5.
ydldSTTcTT
6.
d6dl<>T 7lf?T
7.
dtR-ddl 5JccJ5
8.
9. <Ojc)| cbltHT^cRJ
1 0. (Jcbgcl^l
1 1 . ^=il4ii<$
1 2. 3RS1

26,304.00
39,1 70.00
69,600.00
27,700.00
84,250.00
30,01 5.00
70.00
26,000.00
2,475,968.00
33,995.00
33,000.00
1 5,847.00

C2RT

sbd
3TT^t, dfcbdi, ciGcR cnacici
icefield 371 wii'7

Cl cl ci
UcRjt
Mdl<JI?nc1T
•Als-dfld
x>3GRrtrd fdcHfui
771=1)411451
fclfciSJ 31=d 3l7Mdlc1
<Hld<ld cf ol)1di<H afcrTT

28,61,91 9.00

cTERT
3 1 .3.2000 cfc

•eftR

djijcf

31,327.00
23,585.00
53,1 26.00
8,377.00
65,261.00
880390.00
60,064.00
1 8,985.00
44,368.00
1 9,91 5.00

1 2,05,398.00

16,56,521.00
3,92,012.00

20,48,533.00

1 3

4Qcl fh/^II HIcTJCT fth '£ldfl (PcQluL

<1[hIc1

Plfclcl 3T-8Jdlci arid^l
ftr cjft ijft urfScT iftjft d>c^|U| yfrfild ft 3RMdlc1 if 7<TReHT ftzTTsft ft
sftqg STR 3R<ldlci cfc W£>U cT?r sl4cil I ftftt SEcRPT i-lfftfd arid^l ft 3TEZT5T uft ftf?T ft cftcE ^RTRZZT
ftftcTR <T>c-qIul UcT ddftuft <H'41 sft SgdTW cgcHIxl ftlulfdd1 ft ft Pleif ft <t>cdIulI ft iftjft ftpHc! ajRTJJT
31-Wdlci ftf ft, off ftt?T ft 3RZRT fftftt Rd Pl ci 3RtTcTTcT ft SWcTSET
| 3dft ft UcJ5 ^fftsiT It scTS
sfcp ftf ftf 3Taft fuldl Plfftcdldd ftt scTS ftcE §cr>l4 ft ya^lqg 3R ftdlfcid fftziT ETT ^ST % I 3 eft d ft
fft acts sfeE IHcici cET fci<nful TRT. ST. 3TT7.U3T. eilwlfciei 1 U5i3u^$j^f grjl Rbill 3RTT I

«TS W=E cET c>i1q>i4uI
chi'A ■§!? ytoMHifl

S^T STcT TSTrfcRT scTS WcE <ET ci)<t>|lfu|
RPciul<1(^6 StRT 3RT 9 3TT?f 2 0 0 1 cEf
Rbejl 3T3TT I scTS WcE cfe fcTU T5TT 3Mcr>iu| ^qcisET cETTIJ STU 3d if 2 U.Tjft. 1 uld^Od, 1 tblul, ?ffcE7, i) c$

^RjyT softer, s"c^4e.< ^ggrPuE srr^sEteESr

41^

i

faeft nf^cii
Jiidfttfd

Plfclcl 3-d-qdlcl 9TTSTJ2T oft fcE 3 9 fsTJcF?
cTTcft «TSTcTT <ET t I iPft JEc^TPT ^Pifci ci> 3TTSZRT it
aftTReEZ cIT^ <ET Pl<Hp| f^TT SRTT I
3lfdRc|d cTT^
cEt srfScTT cTT^
TtU # RlcbpTd feiTT URTT >,
1 0 fsReTZ cl?t 3lfdfic|ri oUcR-eTT cfc TTRT cdfeell

RlRbciTcbf £
cn^
Piaifai

g5t aft oqcR-en qft
It | aftTTREJ
»ftx!R<E? ^ri
ehfftr Rtotzre uft gft?T eft ?5Tsezr uft ERpftraf aftft ?ft garru <^<hr TtftsrftRn

3msft

pTSTRTcE ftrftr
TlfsT 3Ucis£T cETT^ I ^JT sftftsr cTT^ SET SjaTTiaT 3TSR<T 20 0 0 JEt $ft iluuidPfS cTSTT,
<=10141-11 VSTRRI uft fcRERT ?ftft 3ft? sft IRT$STTST UT^feR, GTZTSTfftvT Piftlulci TERT ftoft («dft TT3TR) SORT

fftRTT SRTT I

14

■?7T araffe fefesr arte te 1 0 ate qteaT 3{te 7J?W ate

5 goTT? '^Tgte aps azra §3TT

7











^.<1



if feScT ate cr PTTcte cRTT? JT? 1 I fefT g?

I

3tfgi?ras fates?if g5?f araaard, afear pn=fe fefJai pat dr^sn eras? ate i
srgfcr arg te W araaard te ?ner sngfecp siicpft 3gera£r apjte
asaft ante if wj5- aruste ap? gate tete, par gsciif ate genurai arar i
<41 da id isff sri ite fep asp 1 5 u^s) sfte 7 ujcr feared qisf te cfarnz arp 1
TTaft ante if feg?s aajaraan ate gerrar aw i an^ar fete cjs^r if afear cTT^s
feferr ate ate ar fqfe<RHietai te fep scici cgtef st>ai ate ate 1

claite$ te 3rrgfcicpl<t>aui tg pap 3ltef pafTcTrauT? spar fearr araT 1 feafet eiiaid 1.6 0 pfr anua) g 1
gas 3M<t>aui it ajfer ajaf apr fe^Jcap gtews fears oiicii
I
3 0 0 par.p. perate astetar apr arteictd ifaft ajScaiFT aifalfd 'gTTT fean mictR ftecST §cailtd aj5T steer
teirte 'gra fears «ncn t 1
<1 tjclH ?fUllcl4

Rifecidiciaj
fearter fears aras 1

3Utiia aft fete ilfSraff te gfenfef arST gfer ait fep iar antes par ^csar site 1 era aj5r

Siftpi <pi*qcl<Ri

tearfa artt 3nar ate arate te fep frifeeaicra utter a if 5 garstef arrr fearter fears arar > 1 ^ar gantef
te aftenas amte ate aprafante srafcTcT
1

v*«^(5<i it1! 'tiuici<i
pagtesr apr teencsar fete <pcraiui irfefei gnr fears srr Tgr > 1

<t»c4iui ^aMa

m?rfW

aidiite fete te snesfeap ^am-ear tea? snarara if steer 9 9 te arfer
fete apcrasw fear fa te 3nar te
TTTEjas fcicpfeci apj Tarrfaar tecs ate ajarfend epaef aps feaarr 301 an 1 a-diaaar afeg te qfaeia te iffgar
apsagteam fepfecT ap? 52 gapratf te fararter aps apte gT?ar <t>arai 1 3ner m 1 >-d tete te masses te fetefes te
^arraezr gteEpsff te fesatefeTur ate ^>'3fT?r ate 1

TOftei <flt gfam
affaraf ate fear fe fep fete ape*lFT arfefe gra snarfeap aarrjrra afeg ate fefe.tet. arfear ate
arlalid te ai<£ 1 ^JS asaffar ate eiiaid 2 2 6Fia anU^ g 1

1 5

T2TTT2ZJ cfesg- if 3{T2f cTTcT -ilftieil cfc fcTIZ ^TJwict cZJcfSejT TjfM?2TcT 35^
cJ5q <7>T sffwfer? cJ5? U^T
EcjSt cJ5T ferfuj fen 3RJT, fol ■di! TRT VT^q cl 14=1
fejcT after aft T^nfer cfft UT^ | ^TT qsiaf q? 2 0 FwTTT
ZnUi) cZrsT §U I

Ulfft

ofiyif^R:

iMt chtreiiu| afaifd
u16l U<t> 3Tf? disf cjff TTTO-TTOT^ <t>a4, cl^t ^TTft 3fte UTgf cjft <nr<HHd Tte
qqq$T cqqeen
fci^a fefer cjft ur^ i

cjtfel'll <J> f®l*llul ■&

311*4 5

^ftifcl sra fSiffld cpzrf wTT
gqiT^ if if W ^FJOT qra gqqit cflciM st
% I f^ait afilfd
<J5f 2 7 cTRff 84 6u1R 5 5 1
UBcT gfif I ^ft Ucblxl 3TcET 47 ^<t>|cif
fc1<nful TJJT
facliafl cjff
cfilJq 1^1 cjff ui|c)df| |

aftoi Ui*iioi:
?TRT^T sTPT 3VcIs£J SJ57T=? UT^ U^cfa cjq afield ifaff cbc^NI ?rfirfcf g[T7T fen 5TT TFT
nft TJKTT
-auIT-221 cfer ufaaT if dliwi cFT fa«nfui aftfci
cbiieii
I

I U^cfcf

fcWJT

[nartnada] FW: appeal lo prevent.

Subject: jnarmatlaj FW: appeal to prevent the enactment of the "MP. Special Areas Sec urity Bill"
Date: Wed, 17 Jan 2001 12:01:04 -f 0530
From: Nilanjana Biswas <nilanjanab@synectics.soft.net>
To: alforum@mahiti.org, atvhrci@vsnl.com, narmada@egroups.com. das@iiap.emet.in
Dear friends,
Forwarding this mail from Madhya Pradesh Jana Sangathana.
Please respond as organisations/individuais asap.
With regards,
Nilanjana Biswas

10 January, 2001

Dear Friends,
The Madhya Pradesh Jan Sangathans (peoples' organisations) have sent an appeal to prevent the
enactment of the "MP. Special Areas Security Bill", which will adversely affect any group raising
their voice against human rights violations.
Please respond urgently.

Seema Misra

Targeting peoples' organisation in th® name of Naxalism

Dear Friends,

On 27th November 2000, the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly without any significant debate
and discussion passed the "M. P. Special Areas Security Bill 2000”. It is now awaiting the
President's assent. This went largely unnoticed by the public. It was publicised as a law to curb
illegal activities of certain people’s organisations and naxalites.
The main features of the Bill are:
1.

Any organisation or group of the people can be banned if their activities are declared illegal.

2.

Organisations and groups ranging from an informal group of people to trade unions can be
banned. Organisations need not be registered to come under the purview of this proposed
law.

3.

The lists of activities defined as illegal are very general, for example, activities that disturb
the' law and order or peace or have the tendency to create obstacles in the maintenance of
public order, etc.

4.

The government is not bound to divulge the reasons for the ban.

5.

It does not give any opportunity to the organisations/groups to represent their case before the
declaration of ban.

6.

This law when enacted would not only be applicable to the members of the
organisations/groups who are banned but also to persons who support such
organisations/groups in any form.

7.

Members of banned organisations and their supporters are liable to imprisonment for a term
up to 3 years and fine.

8.

There is a provision for forfeiture all the movable and immovable properties and assets of the
banned organisations/groups.

9.

Unlimited powers have been granted to the District Collectors and the Superintendents of the
Police.

10.

An appeal against the ban must be filed within the fifteen days of the declaration of ban to the
Advisory Board.

11.

Besides the above appeal no suits, petitions, revisions or injunctions are allowed in any court
against any order of the Government under this Bill. A person can go io the High Court and
Supreme Court under Articles 226 and 32 (respectively) of the Constitution.

This law when enacted would have wide reaching powers and is intended to suppress all kind of
peoples' resistance and movements in M. P. This is clear from the object and reasons for the Bill
which states that danger from illegal activities of some peoples’ (janta) and naxalite organisation
necessitates this. But it would be used against those who are working to protect the basic human
rights of common people.

Out of the six activities that have been defined as ill- legal activities only one can be said to relate
to naxalite activities. That is using violent and terrorist means to create fear in the minds of the
public or using arms and explosives. The other activities that are defined as illegal are very general
and unclear and can be used against any peoples' organisation, such as disturbing the public
order; disturbing the peace; hindering or obstructing the working of the rule of law, it's institutions
and functionaries or has a tendency to do so., etc. These are not extremist acts and any
organisation trying to highlight peoples' problems using non-violent or democratic means would fail
under the purview of this proposed law.
Such repressive laws are going to be enacted in all the states very soon in the wake of
globalisation, liberalisation and privatisation. Andhra Pradesh already has such a law in existence.
The objects and reasons for the Bill states that AP has also prohibited the illegal activities of
peoples and naxalite organisation in its efforts .to curb naxalites.

For the peoples' organisations, groups, trades unions, peoples’ fronts in M. P. and other states,
this proposed Act is a warning. This is time to wake up and be ready! All of us must come together
io fight against such anti-people Bill!

Please write protest letters to the following persons to prevent the enactment of this Bill. : -

1.

The President of India, Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi.

1/24/01 5:26 PM

[nannada] F\V; appeal to prevent the ena... the "MP. Special Areas Sec urity Bill''

Fax No: 011-301 7290 / 7824/7077

2.

The Governor, Madhya Pradesh, Rajyapal Bhawan, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

Fax No. 0755-363 3272

The Chairman, National Human Rights Commission, Sardar Patel Bhawan, Parliament
Street, New Delhi -110001. Fax No: 011-334 0016
4.
The Chief Minister, Madhya Pradesh, Shyamal Rills, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

3.

Fax No. 0755-540501. Email: cm@valibh.rnp.nic.in
5.

The President, Ali India Congress Committee, (Congress I), 20 Janapath, New Delhi-110001.
Fax No. 011-301 8651

On behalf of
Madhya Pradesh Jana Sangathan

Kisan Adivasi Sangathan, Hoshangabad

Shramik Adivasi Sangathan, Betul
Narmada Bachao Andolan, Bedwani
Ekta Parishad. Bhopal
Khedyut Mazdoor Chatna Sangathan, Jhabua

Adivasi Mukti Sangathan, Bedwani
Bargi Bandh Visthapit Avam Prabhavit Sangh, Jabalpur
Bhopal Gas Pidit Mahila Udyog Sangathan. Bhopal

Yogesh Deewan, Hoshangabad

Note: Please send a copy of the protest letters at the following address:
Raghvendra / Sharnim

Shramik Adivasi Sangathan, Shahpur:

[najtnada] FW: appeal to prevent the cm., the "MP. Special .Areas Sec urity Bill"

A copy of the Bill in Hindi is available with the Shramik Adivasi Sangathan or at the South Asia Human Rights
Defenders' Consultant office: G-13 Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016.

eGroups Sponsor
■cucirr....... ..........

Choose 3 DVDs for S0.49 each!
To unsubscribe front. this group, send an email to:
narmada-unsubscribetsegroups. com

•OX Al

Subject: jaarmada: AC HON ALERT: Dewas Killings
l>nw>: Thu, 12 Apr 2001 17:19:47 -0500 (CDT)
i roin:
....
To: "Samachar, Narmada": :

446/01 9 59 AM

Position: 1714 (3 views)