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4
Karnataka State Consultation
SDA-RF-CH-1A.18
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
|
Introduction
|
- Children in Karnataka
Situation of Children in Karnataka
An assessment
unicef
July 2001
- Human Development Indicators
•
The economic environment
•
Right to Survival
•
Birth Registration
•
Right to Nutrition
•
Immunization Coverage
•
Right to Education
•
Child Labour
•
Right to Water
•
Inequalities
- Position of Children belonging to SC - ST
communities
- Position of Women
•
Balance Sheet of Social Development
2
n
EL
1
UNICEF
1
Karnataka State Consultation
Introduction
Children in Karnataka
Two objectives:
• Total population
52.7 million in 2001
Average annual population
growth rate
• To assess the situation of children in Karnataka
(%)
• To report on some of the latest data available - particularly NFHS-2 1998-99,
MICS 2000 and Census 2001
What some key indicators reveal about:
• Where Karnataka stands vis-a-vis national averages
1981-1991
2.0
1991-2001
1.6
• Children aged 0 to 6 years: 6.8 million in 2001
• Where Karnataka stands vis-a-vis southern states
Declined from 7.5 million in 1991
- 13% of state population in 2001
• Where progress has been impressive and where it has not
- Second-largest child population In South India
3
UNICEF
Sourc9 Census of inote 2001
4
2
i
Karnataka State Consultation
Children in Karnataka
Human Development Indicators
Population in the 0-14 year age group expected to stabilize at around
15 million over the next 15 years
Key Human Development Indicators in South Indian States
Uteracy rate,
population 7*
CH)
2001
% below
Poverty Une
(1999-00)
5
6
56
67
20
T5.889
62
66
61
16
13,853
32
73.1
14
91
13
17,756
Tamil Nadu
62
63.7
52
73
21
17,525
India
1.027
60.7
70
65
26
14,712
Population
(millions)
2001
Uta
Expectancy
al birth
(1992-96)
2
3
Karnataka
53
62.9
Andhra Pradesh
76
Kerala
Projected population 0-14 years in Karnataka: 2001-2016
20
16.7
15
rA"
15.5
15.1
15.3
I 10
5
0 ------2001
2011
Source PopUation Projecticnt lor India i States 1996-2016. Re^strar General. India
UNICEF
IMR
(1999)
Per capita
SOP at
current pnces
(1998-99)
2016
5
Source Columns (2) and (5) are irom Census 2001 Columns 13) and (4) are Irom SRS 1999 & 2000. Column (6) is Irom Planning
Commission 2001 IWeo sitei Column 7 is Irom Economic Survey 2001 (Web site)
6
3
Karnataka State Consultation
Human Development Indicators
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Kay Human Davatopmant Indicator*In South Indian Status: Uala-Fumaia diffaruntials
Life Expectancy at birth
' 1992-96)
IMP
'1997)
Male
Female
Male
Female
Karnataka
61.1
64.5
51
54
Andhra Pradesh
60.8
63
64
62
Keraia
70.2
75.8
12
13
Tamil Nadu
62.8
64.8
48
57
India
60.1
61.4
70
72
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Scurct Sample Registration System 1999
UNICEF
Introduction
- Children in Karnataka
- Human Development Indicators
The economic environment
|
Right to Survival
Birth Registration
Right to Nutrition
Immunization Coverage
Right to Education
Child Labour
Right to Water
Inequalities
- Position of Children belonging to SC - ST
communities
- Position of Women
Balance Sheet of Social Development
8
4
Karnataka State Consultation
Economic environment
Economic environment
Slowing down in growth rate of per capita income in Karnataka
20% of the population lived below the poverty line in 1999-00
• over time
• relative to other states
Population below poverty line (%)
Slower than:
Annual rata of growth of par capita SOP (%)
1983-84 to
<993-94
1993-94 to
1997-98
Karnataka
3.76
3.42
Average for 14 states
3 16
3.87
•
•
•
■
■
■
Gujarat
Kerala
Manarashtra
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
West Bengal
Faster than:
•
•
■
•
•
\ Source Planning Commission cited m Ahiuwaiia ; 2000i
UNICEF
Andhra Pradesh
Haryana
Madhya Pradesh
Orissa
Punjab
Uttar Pradesh
9
1993-94
1999-00
Karnataka
33
20
Andhra Pradesh
22
16
Kerala
25
13
Tamil Nadu
35
21
India
36
26
Note: Estimates for the two years are not comparable.
Source Planning Commission 2001 thUpv/planningcommission nic in/press nim)
10
5
Karnataka State Consultation
Economic environment
Economic environment
Per capita plan expenditure has been relatively high in Karnataka
30% of plan expenditures is allocated to the social sectors
ml I
Per capita plan expendture in selected states: 1997-98
1000
800
II
600
400
200
0
396
West
Bengal
Andhra
Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Gojarat
Source Mid Term Appraise pt 9th Ftv /ear Pf^n. Planning Cpenmazion 2000
UNICEF
Karnataka
50
906
I
1o
s*
Social sector expendture as proportion of total plan expendture
in selected states (%): 1997-98
47
38
40
30
30
24
20
10
0
18
■I 1i
Bihar
Kerala
11
Kerala
Andhra
Pradesh
Karnataka Tamil Nadu
Sourco Mid Term Appraisal o/ Sth Five Year Plan. Pfenning Commission 2000
Assam
12
6
Karnataka State Consultation
Table of Contents
Right to Survival
Table of Contents
•
Infant Mortality Rates
Introduction
IMR m Karnataka is 58
- Children in Karnataka
- Human Development Indicators
•
|
The economic environment
Right to Survival
•
Birth Registration
•
Right to Nutrition
•
Immunization Coverage
•
Right to Education
•
Child Labour
•
Right to Water
•
Inequalities
Infant Mortality Rates in selected states 1999
i
* 80
I
52
52
53
Tamil Nadu
West
Bengal
Punjab
40
I
- Position of Women
14
0
Kerala
I II
58
Karnataka
66
Andhra
Pradesh
India
Source: Sample Registration System 2000
Balance Sheet of Social Development
13
UNICEF
60
s
s 20
- Position of Children belonging to SC - ST
communities
•
100
14
7
Karnataka State Consultation
Right to Survival
Right to Survival
Striking differential between rural and urban IMR
After Kerala, Karnataka reports the lowest urban IMR in the country
Differential has increased over time
IMR in Karnataka: 1990-99
Rural-Urban Differential in IMR
1990
1999
80
69
I
Rural
100 -
Urban;
80
87
fin
82
•
79
Ta—
69
Rural IMR
Urban IMR
Rural / Urban IMR ratio
Source Sample Registration System. !999 4 2000
UNICEF
39
2
Ia
24
50
39
47
25
1990 1991
3
15
41
63
1992
Source Sample Registration System 2000
63
70
69
*'50
42
1993
1994 1995
!4
1996 1997
25
24
1998 1999
16
8
Karnataka State Consultation
Table of Contents
Birth Registration
Table of Contents
Approximately half of all births are registered in Karnataka
Introduction
- Children in Karnataka
- Human Development Indicators
Birth Registration in selected states
The economic environment
Right to Survival_________________
too -
Birth Registration_________________
i
Right to Nutrition
Immunization Coverage
Child Labour
I 8?
Right to Water
89
Punjab
Kerala
51
i
Right to Education
89
69
32
35
Andhra
Pradesh
hdia
2
0 :
Inequalities
Bihar
- Position of Children belonging to SC - ST
communities
a
Karnataka TamlNadu
Source. MICS 2000. UNICEF India
- Position of Women
Balance Sheet of Social Development
17
UNICEF
18
9
Karnataka State Consultation
Table of Contents
Right to Nutrition
Almost 45% of children under age 3 years are moderately to severely
malnourished in Karnataka
Table of Contents
•
•
•
|
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
- Children in Karnataka
- Human Development Indicators
The economic environment
Right to Survival
Birth Registration________________
Right to Nutrition
|
Immunization Coverage
Right to Education
Child Labour
Right to Water
Inequalities
- Position of Children belonging to SC - ST
communities
- Position of Women
Balance Sheet of Social Development
1I
is
i
50 -
44
40 i
30 -
37
38
Taml Nadu
Andhra
Pradesh
45
47
49
-
27
20 10 ■
0
Kerala
Karnataka
Gujarat
hdia
West
Bengal
Source. NFHS-2 1998-99
19
UNICEF
Malnutrition in selected states
20
10
Karnataka State Consultation
Right to Nutrition
Right to Nutrition
Progress in reducing malnutrition has been relatively good
Proportion of Low Birth Weight babies is 18
More than:
Chuige in Level of Child Malnutrition
1992-93
Karnataka
54
India
53
1998-99
% reduction
in
malnutntion
10
47
Low Birth Weight Incidence in South Indian states
• Gujarat
• Haryana
• Kerala
• Madhya Pradesh
• Maharashtra
• Rajasthan
• Uttar Pradesh
• West Bengal
f
§§
0
Kerala
Karnataka
India
Andhra
Pradesh
Source MICS -2000 UNICEF India
• Andhra Pradesh
• Punjab
• Tamil Nadu
UNICEF
15
5
<r
Less than:
Sourct: NFHS 1 4 2. 1992-93 4 1998-99
25 -
S
21
22
11
Karnataka State Consultation
Right to Nutrition
Table of Contents
71% of children between 6 to 35 months of age are anaemic
Table of Contents
•
•
•
•
•
Children with Anaemia in South Indian states
I .00.
f 80 n
I
i
aS
60 -I
69
71
72
74
|
44
40 -
•
•
•
•
20
0 4Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Andhra
Pradesh
India
Source: NFHS-2. 1998-99
•
23
UNICEF
Introduction
- Children in Karnataka
- Human Development Indicators
The economic environment
Right to Survival
Birth Registration
Right to Nutrition_______________
Immunization Coverage_________
Right to Education
Child Labour
Right to Water
Inequalities
- Position of Children belonging to SC - ST
communities
- Position of Women
Balance Sheet of Social Development
24
12
Karnataka State Consultation
Immunization Coverage
Immunization Coverage
60% of children aged 12-23 months were fully immunized in 1998-99
Progress in expanding immunization coverage has been slow
Change in Level of Immunization Coverage
1992-93
1998-99
(%)
% point
increase
Karnataka
52
60
8
Andhra Pradesh
45
59
14
Kerala
54
80
25
Maharashtra
64
78
14
Immunization Coverage Rates in selected states
I
i,
r
aS
(%)
100 ■
78
so 53
60-
59
80
89
60
42
40 -
20 ,
0
11
: n
IHmi
bMia.
Andhra
KtniU
I *nid
Pnaik*ii
Tamil Nadu
65
89
24
West Bengal
. 34
44
10
India
35
42
7
Source NFHS- Z1998-99
25
UNICEF
Source NFHS 1 3 2
26
13
Karnataka State Consultation
Right to Education
Right to Education
Male-female literacy differentials persist, but have narrowed over
the past decade
Inter-district female literacy differentials are high
F9m^l9 litvrtcy ratia in atWecfed districta: Karnataka 2001
Male-Female differential in Literacy rates: Karnataka
1991
(%)
(%)
67
76
Female
44
57
Difference
23
19
77
DaAsnmaKannada C
2001
Male
79
Bangalore Urban
J 74
Udupi C
57
Tumkur £
J56
Mysore
350
Bid ar
346
Bail ary
41
Koopai
Gulbarga
338
Raichur
J37
0
Source Ctnsui 0/ India. 2001
UNICEF
29
There is a
42 point differential
between the highest
and lowest district
level female literacy
rates
]57
Karnataxa
Sourct Cenaua 0/ India. 2001
20
40
60
% literate females (7*1
80
100
30
15
Karnataka State Consultation
Right to Education
Karnataka
Male Literacy Rate:
76%
Right to Education
Karnataka
Female Literacy
Rate: 57%
32
UNICEF
16
Karnataka State Consultation
Right to Education
Right to Education
Primary school completion rates (6+):
School Attendance rates
•
75% for boys and 68% for girls between 6-17 years of age
Primary School Completion in South Indian states (7o)
B Females
I! 75' rC 64
°h
74
to
Q-
^2 Q. o
ir
51
,68
X<| unr XI-U.S 2. 199/1-99
Sourca. NFHS 1 i 2. 1992-93 i !998-99
Si
64
Taml Nadu
Karnataka
India
tM
100 -J
ii
11 >.
Kerala
UNICEF
School Attendance rates in South Indian states
□ Males
100 -
P
I!
75
50
25
3? o
0
91 91
—83 77
Kerala
Andhra
FYadesh
Source NFHS-2, 1998-99
33
Taml Nadu
78
India
□ Male
■ Female
75
68
74
■
Karnataka
Andhra
FYadesh
34
17
4
Karnataka State Consultation
Right to Education
Right to Education
Expenditure on education as proportion of SDP has not risen over
the past decade
Top three reasons for dropping out of school cited by mothers:
J
Reasons for dropping out of school (% children 5-14 years)*
Expendrture on Education as % of Gross SDP
F
____
Child not interested
63
41
51
Child busy with household work
22
49
37
5
v>
Child busy with wage labour
38
27
<3
32
o 2
3*
Over 50% of children dropped out because they did not find school interesting
•
Almost 50% of girls who dropped out did so because they were busy with household work
Hill
3.0
3.0
0_
m
o
1990-91
•
Approximately 40% of boys and 30% of girls dropped out because they were busy with
wage labour
"MulUpie responses permKt^d
UNICEF
Source. MICS 2000 UNICEF inaa
1991-92
3-2
1992-93
32
1993-94
3.1
1994-95
3.2
3.2
:■ J
1995-96
1996-97
Source Govt of Karnataka. Finance Dept cited in Karnataka Human Development
Report
35
36
18
4
Karnataka State Consultation
Child Labour
Table of Contents
6% of children aged 5 to 14 years in Karnataka work as child
labourers
Table of Contents
•
20 ,
I]
3!
I'
|
•
o . _ isaa
Kerala
India
Karnataka
Taml Nadu
Andhra
Pradesh
•
Source: MICS 2000. UNICEF India
39
UNICEF
Introduction
- Children in Karnataka
- Human Development Indicators
• The economic environment
• Right to Survival
• Birth Registration
• Right to Nutrition
• Immunization Coverage
• Right to Education
• Child Labour_________________
iw Right to Water
Inequalities
- Position of Children belonging to SC - ST
communities
- Position of Women
Balance Sheet of Social Development
40
20
Karnataka State Consultation
Right to Water
Right to Water
Almost 60% of households have access to drinking water within 15
minutes of their homes
Households with a source of drinking water within the premises:
Rural-Urban dfferential in access to water (%): selected states
Access to Drinking Water in South Indian States
2
Li
80 ■
hi
60
?S
i ft 40 .
Is 20 i
18
£
I
100 •
i8
66
51
39
0 Andhra
Pradesh
I!
Taml Nadu
India
56
Karnataka
0
p1
Kerala
a?
too
so
60
40
20
o
□ Rural
■ Uroan
Inhl
Tamil Nadu
Source: MICS 2000. UNICEF India
Andhra
Pradesh
India
Karnataka
Kerala
Sourca MCS 2000. UNICEFIndia
41
UNICEF
42
21
Karnataka State Consultation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Striking rural-urban differential in the usage of toilet facilities:
36% of households in Karnataka use a toilet or latrine facility
Rural-Urban dfferential in toilet facility usage (%): selected states
Households using toilet facility in selected states (*/»)
100
i
I
f
88
100
80
60
40
2 20
o?
0
n
34
Andhra
Pradesh
I
47
36
37
India
■ Urban
I
Tamil Nabu
Manarashlra
811
94
H rI
Si
40
17
17
.II 0
20
80
90
I JjLiLl
75
74
ao
i 60
38
i
Karnaiaka
□ Rural
rd
Kerala
Source MICS 2000. UNICEF Inam
Karnataka
Andhra
Pradesh
India
Tamil Nadu Maharashtra
Kerala
Source MlCS 2000. UNICEF India
43
UNICEF
44
22
Karnataka State Consultation
Table of Contents
Position of SC/ ST Communities
Table of Contents
•
Introduction
- Children in Karnataka
- Human Development Indicators
I
•
The economic environment
•
Right to Survival
•
Birth Registration
•
Right to Nutrition
•
Immunization Coverage
•
Right to Education
•
Child Labour
Estimated Population (millions)
2
9
Birth Registration (%)
Non-enrollment in school (%)
56
16
School Drop-out rate (%)
•
Right to Water____________________
iw Inequalities _____________
Children working outside the home (%)
- Position of Children belonging to SC - ST
communities
42
9
51
16
10
13
10
10
6
- Position of Women
•
Balance Sheet of Social Development
45
UNICEF
Source Census 2001. Economic Survey 1999-00. MICS 2000 UNICEF InOia
46
23
Karnataka State Consultation
Position of Women
Position of Women
District-level sex ratio in Karnataka:
There is considerable variation in sex ratio across districts
Karnataka
Sex Ratio: 964
•
Sex ratio in Udupi is higher than in Kerala
•
Sex ratio in Bangalore is lower than in Bihar
Inter-districtdifferentials in sex ratio
Bangalore UrDan £
§
I
[1
]906
Ha\eo
] 942
Bijapur [
]948
Lowest: 906
>
] 948
BiOar
I o Dakshma Kannaoa F
Highest: 1127
Range: 221 points
] 1023
3 1127
Udupi
300
600
SOO
1200
Females D« 1000 males
49
UNICEF
50
25
Karnataka State Consultation
Position of Women
Position of Women
Child sex ratio (0-6 years) has declined
61% of girls in Karnataka are married by the age of 18
•
•
Females per 1000 males:
1991
2001
28% are married by the time they are 15 years of age
Another 33% are married between 15 to 18 years of age
960
949
too 80
1 60 J
3
j
Marriage among girls below 18 years
□ 15-18
80
IgBy age 15|
31
65
31
40
20
61
33
42
27
Fl
30
4
2B
0
Andhra
Pradesh
India
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Source: NFHS-2. 1998-99
51
UNICEF
52
26
Karnataka State Consultation
Position of Women
Position of Women
Freedom of movement:
•
Control over own health care:
66% of women in Karnataka need permission to visit friends or relatives
•
Less than 50% of women in Karnataka are involved in decision-making about
their own health care
Woman's frttlom of movomant in South Indian states
Women's decisionmaking about own healthcare in South Indian states
100 ,
I1r'
85
80 -
76
66
h
62
80
iij
* ? 5£
44
40 •
100 •
80
73
61
60
56
52
49
40
20
4. «
Andhra
Pradesh
India
Karnataka
Kerala
5
Tamil Nadu
20
Kerala
Source NFHS-2. 1998-93
Tami Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
India
Karnaiaka
Source: NFHS-2 1998-99
53
UNICEF
54
27
»■
<
Karnataka State Consultation
HIV-AIDS Awareness
HIV-AIDS Awareness
High HIV-prevalence has been noted in 10 districts in Karnataka
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
58% of married women in Karnataka have heard about AIDS
Bangalore
Mysore
Dharwad
Bellary
Belgaum
Gulbarga
Dakshin Kannada
Udupi
Bijapur
Chamrajnagar
Proportion of married women who have heard about AIDS in selected states
2
100 1
b
I 75
B'S
II>>
55
50 25
o3?
0
1
58
40
87
87
Kerata
Tamil Nadu
61
•s
12
: n
Bihar
India
Andhra
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Pradesh
Source NFHS-Z 1998-99
H-gn "IV P>«v3Knc< [
Source National AIDS Control OrgMuration.HIV Sentmal SuntnUanco Rouna 2000 (http .Vwww naconic ml)
UNICEF
55
56
28
t
Karnataka State Consultation
Illustrative Balance Sheet
Illustrative Balance Sheet
.;•
Populationgrowth, Sex ratio. Birth registration
• Decadal population growth rate was 1.59%
(1991-00)
• Sex ratio rose from 960 (1991) to 964 (2001)
• Over 50% of births are registered as compared
to a national average of 35%
Health & Nutrition
• Child sex ratio (0-6 years) fell from 960 in 1991
to 949 in 2001
Child Survival
• Significant reduction in urban IMR
• Second lowest urban IMR (24) amongst the 16
larger states
• Highest incidence of moderate to severe child
malnutrition in South India (44%)
• Immunization coverage is only 60%
• Progress in immunization coverage has been
relatively slow: from 52% in 1992-93 to 60% in
1998-99
Source. NFHS 7 4 2. Consul oi Inaa 2007. MICS 2000. Planning Commission. Karnataka HDR
UNICEF
• Only 34% of children with diarrhoea were given
ORS treatment, according to an NFHS -2
• 42% of women under age 50 have anaemia
• 71 % of children under age 3 are anaemic
Education
• Slow average annual rate of reduction
• Persistent and widening rural-urban differentials
- rural IMR was 3 times urban IMR in 1999
• Stagnation in rural IMR
Health & Nutrition
• Proportion of low birth weight babies is 17.5 second only to Kerala amongst the larger states
• Relatively encouraging progress in reducing
child malnutrition
• Continued breastfeeding of children at age 1
year is 82%
• 57% of children receive complimentary food in a
timely manner as compared to 44% nationally
59
• Between 1961 - 2001 literacy rate more than
doubled from 30% to 67%
• Primary enrollment for girls has increased at a
much faster pace than for boys
• Between 1968-97 the number of pnmary schools
went up from 32,219 to 46,900
• Slow progress in spread of literacy
• Strong male-female differential in literacy
persists
• School attendance rates are amongst the lowest
in South India and lower than the national
average
• In 1996, close to 28% of children were out of
school
• 6% of children aged 5 to 14 years were child
labourers - higher than the national average.
Almost 60% of children who worked outside the
home dropped out of school
Source NFHS 7 4 2. Consul ol India 2001. MICS 2000. Planning Commission. Karnataka HOR
60
30
Karnataka State Consultation
Illustrative Balance Sheet
ECD
• Highest rate of ECD enrollment (64%) in South
India
• Second-highest amongst the bigger states
Position of Women
* Third lowest female (MR in India (56)
* Rural female work participation rate is 330 as
compared to 128 in Kerala and 75 in West
Bengal
• About 60% of women can leave home without
permission to visit friends, as compared to only
44% in Tamil Nadu
• Almost 70% of women have access to money in
the household
* Active political participation by women in local
governing bodies
• Women-organized thrift and credit groups and
SHGs are active
• Sex ratio is the lowest in South India (964)
• High proportion of girls are married by the age of
18 years (61%)
Saurct. NFHS1 A2. Census of Indi9 2001. MICS 2000 Planning Commission Karnataka HOP
UNICEF
61
31
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