JAGRITI VOL. IV, ISSUE 2 JUNE 2006.pdf
Media
- extracted text
-
I
D
D
N
E
W
S
EHag^ti
IN THIS ISSUE
■ National
Coalition for
Sustained Iodine
Intake
• Ban Reinstated
• Field Experience
from Gujarat &
Tamilnadu
• Update from
Sri Lanka
21st ICCIDD Board of Directors Meeting
New Delhi, India 2006
9
1st ICCIDD Board Meeting, 29 Board Members got io efh
N
s paW o
un
sail Iodisation. Members got to know about the status of various countries
e^’ to f°rrnulate the road map for achieving
gave an opportunity to learn from the experiences of the countries that hav
K
J ° S?ccess stor'es were discussed at length. It also
Members came from 20 different countries.
e°C ,eve Sl9n'ficant progress in the last few years. The Board
&
1 Ms Judith Mutamba, 2. Dr. David P. Haxton, 3. Dr. Gerard N. Burrow, 4. Dr. Jack Ling, 5. Dr. Basil S. Hetzel, 6 Dr. Pieter Jooste, 7. Dr. Mu Li,
Dr. C.S. Pandav, 9. Dr. Chen Zu-Pei, 10. Dr. Eduardo A. Pretell, 11. Dr. Aldo Pinchera, 12. Dr. Fereidoun Azizi, 13. Dr.Palo Vitti,
14. Dr. I. S. Hussein, 15. Mr. Huang Wei, 16. Ms. Jun Zhang, 17. Mr. Dong Zhihua, 18. Dr. Richard L. Hanneman,
. r. regory erasimov,
■
> ir n
• m
ka u* j
j rm oo rir ir»kn Creswell Eastman, 23. Dr. Harry Black, 24. Dr. Claude Thilly,
20. Mr. Lorenzo Locatelli-Rossi, 21. Mr. Mahinda Gunawardena, 22. Dr. John c resweni casimun,
'
'
25. Dr. Theophile Ntambwe, 26. Mr. Daniel Levac, 27. Dr. Hans Burgi, 28. Dr. Michael Zimmerman,
. r. an an u
HT
cFRh HT
ICCIDD Vision Mission & Dedication
Vision:The vision of ICCIDD is a world virtually free from Iodine Deficiency
Disorders with national endeavors to maintain optimal iodine nutrition primarily
through consumption of iodised salt, which should be made easily available
From the unreal lead me to the real;
From darkness lead me to light;
From death lead me to immortality.
and affordable for all people for all times.
Mission: The mission of ICCIDD is to provide a focused advocacy to
governments and development agencies, of a continued priority for iodine
nutrition, providing technical expertise in a multi disciplinary approach.
Editorial Board
Dr Chandrokant S Pandav
Chief Editor
Dr. Arijit Chakraborty
Managing Editor
Dedication: ICCIDD dedicates itself to programs fully supported at the
national level for permanent, sustained success and will work with all partners
and national entities towards that end.
Patrons:
Shri Mohan Dharia
Chief Patron
Dr Kalyan Bagchi
Patron
Shri R V Pillai, IAS (retd.)
Patron
Editorial
Dear Colleagues,
International Coalition for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) as an International Non
Governmental Organisation (NGO) .came into existence in Kathmandu, Nepal in March 1986.
The initial meetings were held in Delhi on 4th and 9th March, 1985 at the All India Institute of
Medical Sciences (AllMS) and UNICEF Delhi. These meetings in Delhi led to agreement to proceed
Editorial Advisers:
and provided the opportunity to complete initial appointments and approve the Constitution of
Dr Prabha Ramalingaswami
ICCIDD to be ready for the Inaugural Meeting in Kathmandu in 1986. Following the Kathmandu
.Shri L M Jain, IAS (retd.)
inauguration, the ICCIDD Board has met on several occasions in various parts of the world. The
Prof N K Ganguly
Prof M G Karmarkar
Shri S Sundaresan
Adv. Makarand Adkar
Shri Bejou Misra
Board met again in Delhi in 2006 for the 21st ICCIDD Board Meeting. Board members from
various parts of the globe joined the meeting along with other senior delegates of Govt of India,
International agencies, Senior Civil Servants & Programme Managers, Officials from key ministries
like Health, Women and Child Development, Education, Civil Society organisation. It was during
this meet that the formation of National Coalition for Sustained Iodine Intake (NCSII) in India was
Editorial Assistants:
Smf Sarojq Narayanan
announced.
The board meeting was followed by a session on Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) in India which was
Shri Pritam Singh
hosted by The Micronutrient Initiative (Ml). The objective envisaged by Ml while hosting this session
Mr. Amit Shukla
was to explore successful business models for sustainable USI.
There has been a rise in use of iodised salt in India. A recently conducted report by UNICEF India
Circulation
has estimated that the consumption of adequately iodised salt has gone up to 57% in 2005. The
Shri Pritam Singh
ban on sale of non-iodised salt has been reinstated w.e.f. May 17th 2006. The Ministry of Health &
Printed & Published by:
of 28.32 lakh MT was recorded till October 2005 and the same is likely to increase to 50 lakh MT
Dr Chandrokant S Pandav
on behalf of ICCIDD
by the end of 2005-06. The detailed report of IDDCP is included in this issue.
Family Welfare, Government of India has published its annual report. A production of lodated salt
Contact Address:
Room No 28, CCM Building,
Old OT Block, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Nev/ Delhi-29
Tel: 011-26588522
E-mail: cpandav@iqplusin.org
Website: www.iqplusin.org
The IDD survey in Jharkhand is in progress. Data has been collected
and the samples are being analysed. The report will be ready by
October 2006.
Also included in this issue is the field experience of Gujarat & Tamil
Nadu Salt industry. As always we look forward to receive your
suggestions and comments to improve IQ+ Jagriti
Designed & Printed at
Sona. Printers Pvt. Ltd.
F-86/1 Okhla Industrial Area Phase-I
Nev/ Delhi-110020
Ph.: 41616566, 26811313
Dr. Chandrokant S. Pandav
Regional Coordinator, ICCIDD-South Asia Region
National Coalition for Sustained Iodine Intake (NCSII)
India Launches NCSII to Ensure Optimum Iodine Consumption
Mr. RK. Hota,
Secretary Health & Family Welfare
odine deficiency is a public health problem in India, as in several other
I
that there is no production and movement of non iodised salt for edible
purpose whatsoever. She added that strict action will be taken against
countries worldwide. The serious negative consequences of iodine
deficiency affect all
Mr. Cecilio Adorna, UNICEF
Representative in India
Ms. Reva Nayyar, Secretary, Department
of Women & Child Development
population groups.
people who violate the law.
Physical and health
consequences include goiter, cretinism, and still birth. It is also the largest
"We at ICCIDD recommend that there is a national coalition in every
preventable cause of brain damage. Even in its milder form it has an
country to ensure complete iodisation. Some of the most successful
impact on brain development of the foetus, and learning capability of
countries in terms of their iodisation programmes have a strong coalition
children, leading to an average loss of 10-15 IQ points.
in place," said Prof. Jack Ling, Chairman, International Council for
Many countries tackle this deficiency through the iodisation of salt. India
Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders.
has re-instated a law on the mandatory iodisation of salt, and has become
Mr. Cecilio Adorna, UNICEF representative in India said there has been a
one of the many countries across the Americas (e.g. Argentine, Peru),
20 percentage point increase in the intake of adequately iodised salt in the
Africa (eg Nigeria, Kenya), Europe (eg Italy, The Netherlands), and Asia
past 3 years. The survey conducted by UNICEF showed that households
(eg China, Indonesia) where similar laws are in place. Experience has
using iodised salt in India have increased from 37 per cent to 57 per cent
shown that voluntary iodisation and free-consumer choice leaves
resulting in protection against brain damage to an additional six million
especially those most vulnerable (e.g. un-born children, lower socio
children.
economic classes) unprotected against preventable brain damage.
Mr. PK. Hota, Secretary, Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
Mandatory iodisation is therefore the only option, but this requires
said that we have already lost 5 precious years. However, there will be no
effective implementation of rules and regulations.
delay now and the consumption of iodised salt will be increased at d very
The 21 st International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders'
fast rate, he added.
(ICCIDD) Board Meeting became an occasion to launch the National
The Indian Salt Manufacturers Association, represented by Mr. Amit
Coalition for Sustained Iodine Intake The coalition has representation
from the Government of India, judicial bodies, civil society organisations
Shukla also made a commitment at the launch that salt iodisation will
become a part of their corporate governance.
and salt producers from across the country. It is being supported by
International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and
Mr. Bejon Mishra, President, Consumer Voice thanked all the participants
UNICEF. It aims to ensure sustained iodine intake by monitoring iodine
and speakers and wished them good luck for this noble task of complete
status of the population, monitoring of the implementation of rules and
elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in India.
regulations, information provision and advising different institutions and
Dr. Chandrakant Pandav, Regional Coordinator ICCIDD (South Asia),
sectors involved in IDDCR
welcomed all the delegates
Speaking on the occasion,
and also conducted
Ms. Reva Nayyar, Secretary,
proceedings.
Department of Women &
Following
Child Developement said that
announcement
with the re-imposition of the
coalition,
ban on the sale, purchase
including Scouts and Guides
school
the
of
the
children
of
non
did
iodised salt on May
17,
demonstrate the importance
and
Dr. Jack Ling, Chairman ICCIDD
the
distribution
2006, the Government of
the
salt
testing
and need for iodine.
India on its part will ensure
3
to
Welcome address by Dr. C.S. Pandav,
Regional Coordinator, ICCIDD, South-Asia
National Coalition for Sustained Iodine Intake (NCSII)
1)
network. Finally, salt is produced and marketed by a large group of
Introduction
producers and traders, and the negative impact goes beyond (purely)
Iodine deficiency is a public health problem in India, as in the over large
majority of countries worldwide. The serious negative consequences of
health and influences school performance and production. Therefore
the groups involved and affected by sustained consumption of iodised
iodine deficiency affect all population groups. Physical and health
salt (or lack thereof) are many and diverse. More than mere
consequences include goiter, cretinism, and still birth. It is also the
government oversight is required to sustain the success of optimum
largest preventable cause of brain damage. Even in its milder form it
iodine nutrition, even in places where dedicated officials and
has an impact on brain development of the foetus, and learning
determined public health professionals are involved. The chances that
capability of children, leading to an average loss of 10-15 IQ points. 11
therefore has an impact on overall national development and
salt iodisation remains effective in a sustained way increase through
production. Many countries tackle this deficiency through the iodisation
of salt. India has re-instated a law on the mandatory iodisation of salt,
various actors and beneficiaries and not the task of one ministry.
making the accountability and responsibility a shared one among the
3)
and has become one of many countries across the Americas (eg
Role of a National Coalition
Argentine, Peru), Africa (e.g. Nigeria, Kenya), Europe (e.g. Italy, The
The exact role of a National Coalition should ultimately be decided by
Netherlands), and Asia (e.g. China, Indonesia) where similar laws are
the coalition itself once it is formed. Basically it boils down to ensuring
in place. Experience has shown that voluntary iodisation and free-
sustained adequate iodine intake of the Indian population through salt
consumer choice leaves especially those most vulnerable (e.g. un-born
iodisation. The coalition could achieve this by:
children, lower socio-economic classes) unprotected against possible
brain damage. Mandatory iodisation is therefore the only option, but
this requires effective implementation of rules and regulations.
2)
Why form a National Coalition?
A national coalition in which important actors, consumers, and
I.
Monitoring iodine status of the population,
II.
Monitoring of the implementation of rules and regulations,
III.
Information provision,
IV.
Advising involved institutions and sectors.
decision-makers are represented assuring sharing of information and
The national coalition is not an implementing institution itself, but is
implementation of required action will greatly enhance sustained salt
constituted by acting institutions and sectors. Currently the Ministry of
iodisation. Because iodine is not present adequately in the natural diet
Health and Family Welfare is responsible to assure implementation of
of many people, its deficiency can only be prevented in a sustained way
laws on food fortification and adulteration, and has as such official
if iodine is added to salt in required amounts forever. This eternal
responsibility for the monitoring of compliance with salt iodisation
iodisation of salt requires a regular monitoring of intake and
regulation. The Ministry of Industry supervises other qualities of salt,
production. A continued and sustained communication also is required
and influences the allocation of railway rakes for salt transportation.
so that nobody forgets why iodisation of salt is important. Ignorance of
These two ministries therefore carry a major official responsibility, but as
the magnitude of the iodine deficiency problem and, more importantly,
outlined above a wider shared responsibility will greatly enhance
the implications of the problem, is the greatest obstacle to reaching and
sustained adequate salt iodisation. Specific tasks of the National
sustaining success. Major examples of ignorance are:
I.
'Coalition could include:
Among the political leadership (uninformed of the damage to the
I.
national economy: a loss of 2-3% of GDP)
II.
In civil society and civic leadership (not knowing of the
salt,
damage to their children's brains caused by iodine deficiency:
transportation etc.
a 10-15% IQ loss) and
III.
Review available information (surveys, studies, etc) on iodine
status of the population, salt use, production figures of iodised
II.
Among salt suppliers (unaware that the industry can stand out
III.
producers own the solution).
implemented
and the
price trends,
market availability and
Identify gaps in available information and advice on the need
Advice on the action required with respect to salt iodisation,
communication
Who should be accountable for assuring that the rules regarding
are
trends,
to rectify.
by their positive and powerful role in national nutrition:
iodisation
sales
and
information,
monitoring,
rules &
regulations, roles of institutions and sectors.
population continuously
Advice should in the first place be given to the Ministries of Health and
Family Welfare and the Ministry of Industry because of the primary
informed? There are some notable differences compared to a program
• such as immunization against measles, iodised salt should be
official roles. If for example the iodine content would need to be
consumed by the entire population every day, and not be taken by a
increased from 15 ppm to 20 ppm, the MoH & FW would need to make
selected age range only once. Salt is available in shops through the free
this official. In a similar fashion the same ministry can act on advice for
market and not distributed through a controllable health- center
improved survey information on population, iodine status and
4
5.2)
awareness raising campaigns among policy makers and the general
Department is instrumental in ensuring the supply of iodised salt
sharing information among their constituencies, and assure optimal
at an affordable price to below poverty line families. The
required action by that constituency to assure sustained adequate
iodine status. Salt producers could organise themselves to assure
Department of FCS would report to the Alliance on progress
made in this field. It will also support appropriate education and
optimal quality assurance. Since the Ministry of Health and Family
communications efforts to alert the public to dangers of iodine
Welfare has a prime official role, it should be the Ministry to officially
deficiency and to values of iodine sufficiency.
form the National Coalition and to give NCSII its mandate.
4)
5.3)
Members of a National Coalition
is involved as an active partner. The Department would therefore
the following offer some indications:
I.
report on their activities in the field. Where AWWs are involved in
Formal bodies need representation: Ministries of Health & Family
monitoring the supplies of iodised salt, monitoring data would
Welfare, Education, Food & Civil Supply, Women & Child
also be reported
Development are examples
5.4)
II.
Civil Society: Consumer Associations, Women's Groups, etc
111.
Communicators:
Public Media, Mass Media,
Scientific
Groups:
Schemes. In supporting efforts to make IDD/USI a required part
Professional
of lhe teaching curriculum in primary schools, DoE makes sure
Nutritionists,
Medical
that at least once a year, salt is tested in schools for iodine content
colleges,
and report on this activity. The DOE will undertake to assure that
Universities, and Laboratories
V.
Judicial
Bodies:
Human
appropriate changes are made in the curriculum of primary and
Rights
groups,
enforcement
secondary school systems to underscore the value of iodine
authorities, regulators
VI.
Department of Education: As part of the Alliance, DoE would
ensure that only iodised salt is used in the Mid-Day Meal
Media, and Journalists
IV.
Department of Women & Child Development: The DWCD is
a significant contributor to the creation and maintenance of
awareness among consumers, mainly in rural areas where ICDS
No list will be perfect for the memberships of a National Coalition, but
nutrition to each citizen.
Professional Groups: Teachers Associations, Medical Societies,
5.5)
Mental Health Associationsand Productivity Councils
Department of Industry: would collect and share data on the
sales of iodised salt in the country and its trade. It will undertake to
The National Coalition needs to be supported by an efficient
inform its associates, especially State owned enterprises, that all
Secretariat, whose role would be to assemble the essential information,
feeding schemes must include iodised salt. It will undertake to
prepare the agenda and other inputs into meetings, and disseminate
the outcome of these meetings to the alliance members. Before each
encourage food industry corporations and groups favorably to
consider using iodised salt in processed foods.
semi-annual Coalition meeting, the Secretariat would collect relevant
5.6)
information from line departments as well as private and civil societies,
Representative
of salt producers/traders:
representation of large,
medium
and
small
A balanced
scale salt
producers and other sources and prepare a draft "Status of Iodine
producers/traders would be formed. This composition would
Nutrition" report, which would cover the following:
also be based on representatives of various States and their
I.
II.
respective production capacity. Representatives from various
The progress made in the period past
zones would report on quarterly basis regarding the progress in
Constraints that have arisen and foreseeable challenges in
production of iodised salt and its trade, and on the efforts being
achieving and sustaining USI
III.
Actions required to overcome identified bottlenecks
IV.
Decisions to be taken in order to create an enabling
made to achieve and sustain the goal of USI
5.7)
NGO's/Consumer organisations: Civil society represented
by NGOs and consumer organisations would press for
environment for continued success.
5)
Ministry of Food and Civil Supplies: In charge of the PDS, this
population. Other members of the coalition would be responsible for
enforcement of the law and for respecting standards. Their role in
Within one month after the Coalition meeting, the Secretariat would
the Alliance is to defend the rights of consumers and advocate the
prepare a report for wide circulation among all the members.
importance to guarantee the right to adequately iodised salt.
Roles and Responsibilities
5.1)
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare: The prime of role of the
Health Department would be to act as catalyst and monitoring
agency to ensure that proper regulation is in place to enforce, the
production of iodised Salt along with regular monitoring. This
should also involve, informing the public about the overall
progress in IDD elimination, to publicly report on progress of
household access to iodised salt and also inform on awareness
creation efforts to promote iodised salt.
5
Progress Towards Achieving USI In India-A Dialogue
Hosted by The Micronutrient Initiative (Ml), 22nd April 2006, New Delhi
session on Universal Salt iodisation (USI) was hosted by the
II.
A
Ensuring the Production and Supply of Adequately
iodised Salt:
Micronutrient Initiative (Ml) on April 22, 2006 at New Delhi. This
session was intended to be a dialogue between representatives
from the Salt Industry on the industry's partnership to promote USI. The
invitee for this session also included representatives from Government of
The present ban is intended only for edible salt meant for human
consumption. However, USI should be the accepted norm for all
salt produced for human as well as animal consumption for
India (GOI), ICCIDD, UNICEF and World Food Program (WFP). The
direct use and for use in processed foods. The salt industry
vision envisaged by Ml while hosting this session was to explore successful
should take ownership of the USI program and adopt a multi
business models for sustainable USI.
sectoral approach to tackling the problem of low coverage of
Objectives
adequately iodised salt in households. To promote USI among
- I.
small scale salt producers and bring them under the iodisation
Understanding the current status of iodisation in India and the
umbrella, the following measures could be considered:
reasons for continued poor household coverage
II.
III.
i.
improving their technical and managerial skills
achieving USI
ii.
improving their production capacity and infrastructure
Role of Government in promoting USI (Central in re-imposing
ban and State Governments in ensuring availability of iodised
iii.
ensuring regular supply of potassium iodate
Constraints faced by the Industry and Opportunities present for
iv.
salt through PDS)
IV.
Identifying problems faced by small scale sector in salt
v.
iodisation
V.
vi.
vii.
viii.
generating additional employment and income, and
Recommended steps that need to be taken to support the small
improving the quality of life of families dependent on
scale private sector
small-scale salt production
Establishing key operational goals/milestones for the next 12
ix.
Recommendations
creating a demand for adequately iodised salt through a
targeted public awareness campaign.
months to move towards USI
I.
addressing their credit and marketing needs, and
contributing towards their sustainable livelihood
Identification of action steps for participating sectors in
developing successful business models for achieving USI
III.
building-in quality assurance systems in the production
and processing of salt in the small-scale sector
The desired outcomes
II.
organising small-scale producers into self-help groups,
thus facilitating economies of scale in production
Sharing of experiences of successful business collaboration
between large scale and cottage salt industry
I.
advocacy with the Government for waiving on import duty
on iodine
III.
Social Mobilization, Demand Creation and Community
Securing Political Commitment at the National and
Participation:
Sub-National Level:
Consumption of adequately iodised salt should be the norm for
There is a need for high level political commitment. The
all by complementing supply push with demand pull. Effective
Government of India has imposed a ban on distribution and
communication to different stakeholders, widespread medio
sale of non-iodised edible salt that would come into force on
coverage would address the demand creation aspects to a
May 17, 2006. But this should now be strictly enforced among
great extent especially when it is strengthened by expanding
the Central & State Governments. National plans must commit
education on the health, economic and social value of iodine in
resources for sustained elimination of IDD. Advocacy needs to
be ensured for long term sustained commitment from all
the daily diet through school curricula, media and other
collaborating partners. Setting up of a high level national IDD
Task Force is essential for monitoring of the USI programme
channels. IDD should form a part of the school curriculum.
Demonstrating the use of salt testing kits would be a social
from time to time and give proper directions and guidance to all
mobilization tool in schools and communities. BPL population
should be targeted with adequately iodised salt through PDS in
involved. The Government should play a critical role for
all States (offering both iodised crystal and powder salt), iodised
advocacy and oversight. National plans National plans must
salt should be a norm for use in ICDS and Midday Meal
commit Coalition core groups in every State
Programs throughout the country.
IV.
V.
Distribution and Marketing of iodised Salt:
iii.
Enforcement based on a graded penalty system
States which are in the neighbourhood of the salt producing
states where the salt was transported through road, were the
ones where non-iodised salt was being sold and used for edible
purposes. This is due to lack of proper monitoring mechanisms
whereas states which were very far away from the salt producing
states and salt was transported through rail and where there are
proper checks in place, were getting iodised salt. Inadequate
allotment of railway rakes has led to problems of distribution
among small scale producers. Rail wagon supply is key to
successful iodisation and distribution. Road movement to be
controlled and monitored by an agency.). Also it should be
ensured that proper hygiene during transport and storage is
maintained for iodised salt to minimize contamination
iv.
Progress towards self-monitoring by producers and traders
v.
Expanding use salt testing kits especially at consumer level
in markets and households
vi.
Linking monitoring more closely with enforcement
vii.
Reporting and sharing widely the results of national and
regional progress made toward optimal iodine nutrition
viii.
Food Bill to rationalize standards
VI.
Building a
Elimination:
National
Coalition
for Sustained
Multi-sectoral national and sub-national coalitions are
practical and effective means to sustain IDD elimination.
Coalitions should have clearly defined goals, authority and
definition of roles and responsibilities. These coalitions
should use monitoring information for strategic planning and
decision making. Collaboration between government
departments and between government and other partners in
particular the salt industry, should be promoted for
Surveillance:
Monitoring of salt at all levels particularly at the production
level is key to successful USI. Monitoring systems should identify
problem areas. Functional monitoring and enforcement
systems (with administrative and lab support) should be
developed to enable corrective action when required.
sustainable USI.
Mechanisms should include:
i.
Monitoring diversion of industrial salt
ii.
Monitoring re-packing units
IDD
Salt Producing centers in I n d i a
Categorywise Iodised salt Producers
807
Iodisation units
302
Small Salt Producers
285
Traders
104
Large Salt Producers
Medium Salt Producers 74
42
Refineries
A Public Sector Large Scale Salt Washery
& iodisation Plant producing Iodised Salt
for BPL population
7
Exhibition during 21st ICCIDD Board Meeting, New Delhi
20-21 April, 2006
Several organisations/salt manufactures used the ICCIDD Board Meeting as an occasion to display their products and the range of services the1
provide. Ankur, Chemfood, Caliber Chemicals, Micronutrient Initiative, Prince International and Hindustan Lever Limited participated and put u|
their stalls at the meeting. ICCIDD displayed a working model of salt iodisation plant. The exhibition lasted for two days.
Visitors at the Exhibition
Exhibition of Salt Varieties during the Event
Registration Counter for the Inaugural of NCSII
Model of Salt Iodisation Plant at Display
Model of Salt Iodisation Plant at Display
Visitors at the Exhibition
Rise in Use of Iodised Salt in India
A
survey has shown that households using iodised salt in India have
Department of Education, experts and scientists and representatives of salt
increased from 37 per cent to 57 per cent resulting in protection
producers, traders, and non-governmental organisations.
against brain damage to an additional six million children. The
Chandrakant S. Pandav, Professor and Head of the Department of
ban on sale of non-iodised salt for human consumption is in effect from
Community Medicine at the AllMS, and the Regional Coordinator of
May 17, 2006.
International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD)
Speaking at the launch of a National Coalition for Elimination of Iodine
said all legal formalities for imposing the ban had been completed .
Deficiency disorders through adequate iodine intake in salt, Cecilio
A country-wise study, conducted by the UNICEF, has revealed that an
Adorna, UNICEF representative in India said there had been a 20
estimated 93 percent households consumed iodised salt in China, 48 per
percentage point increase in the intake of iodine in the past three years.
cent in Myanmar while neighbouring Bangladesh and Nepal fared much
The Coalition would advise the Government in accelerating progress
better at 70 and 63 per cent respectively. Iodine deficiency is a problem of
towards achieving universal salt iodisation in India. The partners in the
public health importance in India with no State or Union Territory totally
Coalition include the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
free from it. Of the 312 districts surveyed by the Ministry of Health and
Ministries of Women and Child Development, Industry and the
Family Welfare, 254 were found to be endemic for iodine deficiency.
Ban on Non-iodised Salt sale from May 17, 2006
he sale of non-iodised salt for direct human consumption will not
T
be allowed in the country from May 1 7, 2006. The Union Health
Ministry had issued a notification to this effect on November 17,
2005 and the ban was to come into force after six months, Director
General of Health Services R K Srivastaya told.
He also clarified that the ban on sale of non-iodised salt is valid only for
direct human consumption and not for the purpose of iodisation, iron
fortification, preservation. The sale of non-iodised salt would also be
permitted for animal, medicinal and industrial use subject to proper label
declaration, he added.
Banonnon-bdissdsalt
HIWOOl: Ite
at iw
iudiHrJ sail fef humim
conmimpti r.»n wil nirt te
alia wvu from
Ban on non-iodised
salt sale from today
r*?n- oci
fe? direct
htfWi com ur pbon a ill ret
be Jl’ovitd tan Wednesday,
Ibe tWon Health yjnftyy
had j&ytd ootifttatfan to
this effect on Nc.cmb:r 17,
2C0Sa'd hsd pbmedtoen-
iWtM Mid tr 0 Oirectcr
Grfleal d Hw
8
9
9-IKct cRt
<Lke (Babette of 3ndia
NEW DELHI, NOVEMBER 17,2005
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 17** November, 2005
G.S.R. 670(E).- Whereas draft of certain rules further to amend the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules 1955, was published, as required by the
Proviso to sub-section (I) of section 23 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (37 of 1954), at pages 1 to 3 in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary Part
II, section 3, sub-section (i), dated the 27* May, 2005 under the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
(Department of Health), number of GSR 340(E), dated the 27* May, 2005, inviting objections and suggestions from the persons likely to be affected thereby
before the expiry of a period of sixty days from the date on which copies of the Official Gazette containing the said notification, were made available to the
public;
And whereas the copies ofthe said Gazette notification were made available to the public on the 27* May, 2005;
And whereas objections or suggestions received from the public within the specified period on the said draft rules have been considered by the
Central Government;
Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by section 23 of the said Act, the Central Government after consultation with the Central
Committee for Food Adulteration Rules, 1955, namely:1.
(1) These rules may be called the Prevention of Food Adulteration (8* Amendment) Rules, 2005
(2) They shall come into force after 6 months from the date of publication in the Official Gazette.
2.
In the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1955,(i) in rule 42,(a) forsub-rule (v), the following shall be substituted, namely
“(v) Every container or package of table iodised salt or iron fortified common salt containing permitted anticaking agent shall bear the
following label, namely:-
IODISED SALT / IRON FORTIFIED COMMON SALT*
CONTAINS PERMITTED ANTICAKING AGENT
*Strike out whichever is not applicable.
(b) in sub-rule(zzz), after clause (21), the following clause shall be inserted, namely,“(22) Every container or package ofcommon salt shall bear the following
label, namely:-
COMMON SALT FOR IODISATION I IRON FORTIFICATION I
ANIMAL USE / PRESERVATION / MEDICINE I INDUSTRIAL USE*
*Strike out whichever is not applicable
(ii) after rule 44H, the following rule shall be inserted namely
“44 L Restriction on sale ofcommon salt No person shall sell or offer or expose for sale or have in his premises for the purpose of sale, the common
salt, for direct human consumption unless the same is iodised:
Provided that common salt may be sold or exposed for sale or stored for sale for iodisation, iron fortification, animal use, preservation,
manufacturing medicines, and industrial use, under proper label declarations, as specified under clause (22) of sub-rule (zzz) ofrule 42”;
(iii) in rule 49, in sub-nile(IO), for the words “Edible common salt or iodised salt or iron fortified common salt”, the words “Table iodised salt or
table iron fortified common salt” shall be substituted.
[F.No.P. 15014/4/2005-PH(Food)]
RITATEAOTIA, Jt. Secy.
Annual Report Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, 2005-06
Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme (IDDCP)
Iodine is an essential micronutrient with an average daily requirement
1.
of 100-150 micrograms for normal human growth and development.
There is an increasing evidence of distribution of environment Iodine
deficiency in various parts of the country. On the basis of surveys
conducted by the Directorate General of Health Services, Indian
Council of Medical Research, Health Institutions and the State Health
Directorates, It has been found that out of 321 districts surveyed in 28
endemic States for awareness. A total of 18,011 salt samples
were analyzed out of which 13176 (73.15%) samples were
found to conform to the PFA standards.
4.
IEC Activities
I.
Song and Drama Division: Song and Drama Division is
carrying out an extensive IEC campaign through approximately
600 programmes in 100 districts of 8 states viz Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Chhatisgarh,
II.
Directorate of Field Publicity: The Directorate of Field
States and 7 Union Territories, 260 districts are endemic i.e. where the
prevalence of IDDs is more than 10%. It is also estimated that
more than 71 million persons are suffering from goiter and
other Iodine Deficiency Disorders. These disorders include abortions,
stillbirth, physical & mental retardation, deaf-mutism, squint, goiter and
neuro-motor defects, etc.
2.
Publicity is conducting 800 special programmes (Approx)
through their 268 regional units for extensive IEC campaigns
regarding consumption of lodated salt in prevention and
control of IDDs. The activities include Film shows, Group
Objectives of NIDDCP
I.
Surveys to assess the magnitude of Iodine Deficiency Disorders,
II.
Supply lodated salt in place of Common salt,
III.
Re-surveys to assess the impact of control measures after every
five years,
IV
Monitoring the quality of iodated salt and assess Urinary Iodine
excretion,
(i)
Health Education and publicity.
(ii)
V
3.
Jharkhand and Uttaranchal.
Discussion and other special programmes.
III.
Doordarshan: IDD Spots containing messages on
consequences of iodine deficiency disorders and benefits of
consuming iodated salt are being telecast thrice a week
prime time in a week,
(iii)
Consequent upon liberalization of iodated salt production, the
Salt Commissioner has issued licenses to 840 salt
manufacturers out of which 552 units have commenced
production. These units have an annual production capacity of
(Iv) telecast of the IDD messages once a week under the Health
Magazine Kalyani Programme from the 8 Regional
Kendras.
A production of lodated salt of 28.32 lakh MT was recorded till
October 2005 and the same is likely to increase to 50 lakh MT
IV.
The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has issued Notification
banning the sale of non iodised salt for direct human
V.
consumption in the entire country on 17th November, 2005
under Prevention of Food Adulteration Act to be effective from
For effective implementation of NIDDCP at the state level 31
Newspapers on the occasion of Global IDD Prevention Day on
21 st October, 2005.
States/UTs have established IDD Control Cells.
V.
Directorate of Audio-Visual & Publicity (DAVP): Messages
on consequences of iodine deficiency disorders, benefits of
iodated salt and current status of NIDDCP in States/UTs were
published in the leading 320 National as well as regional
17th May, 2006.
IV.
All India Radio: IDD spots containing messages on
consequences of iodine deficiency disorders and benefits of
consuming lodated salt are being broadcast at the Primary
Channels in 12 languages by the All India Radio through its 40
Regional Kendras and 120 Local station from October 2005.
by the end of 2005-06.
III.
during the Non Prime time at 11.00 AM on alternate days
telecast of, Hindi feature film &
124.00 lakh metric tonnes of iodated salt.
II.
just before the start of the National news at 7 AM on
alternate days
Achievements
I.
Through the National Network of Doordarshan at the
In order to monitor the quality of lodated salt and Urinary Iodine
VI.
excretion 19 States/UTs have already set up IDD monitoring
laboratories while the remaining States are in the process of
establishing the same.
State Health Directorates: State Governments have also
been provided grants for undertaking IEC activities at the local
level in their regional languages to make the impact of IEC
activities more effective.
VI.
For ensuring the quality of Iodised salt at consumption
level, testing kits for on the spot qualitative testing have been
developed and were distributed to all District Health Officers in
11
In Response to Newspaper Article on, "Iodised salt and India"
Translated from an Article Printed in "Sakai"
n article on, "iodised salt and India" written by Mr. Suryakant
Pathak was published in the daily edition of Sakai (one of the
leading Marathi newspaper of Maharashtra) on 26th May, 2006.
Thereafter, two responses on the article were also published in Sakai. The
responses answered few questions raised by Mr. Pathak. Few additional
issues raised by Mr. Pathak are written in Marathi and are translated by Ms.
Smita Pandav. They are presented here.
A
1.
The article says ban on the sale of common salt is cost related as
common salt costs Rs. 1.50 per Kg and iodised salt is Rs. 9 per Kg.
But the reality is different. The cost of salt which is Rs. 9/Kg is not
because it is iodised but because of refining, packaging, advertising,
and because it is branded. Salt can be iodised in any form be it in
powdered, crystal or even big crystals known in local language as
"Phoda" or "Baragara". The process of iodisation adds only 12 to 15
paise/Kg io its original cost.
2.
The second point raised was that only multinational companies
produce iodised salt. This point is not at all valid. In India, most of the
salt production is done by medium and small scale manufacturers.
They too produce iodised salt. Of course, small manufacturers are
given guidance, help and encouragement by the government and
there is a need to increase it.
3.
According to Mr. Pathak, in India, common salt is used by people
since ages and no adverse effects have been seen. He.also suggested
iodised salt should be given only in those areas where iodine
deficiency is prevalent.
It is important to emphasize here that salt is used only as a vehicle to carry
iodine to the people, a daily nutrient required by all of us. And it is the most
efficient, effective, economical method of daily requirement for iodine.
In India, all the surveys and research on iodine deficiency and beneficial
effect of iodised salt have been done by Indian scientists in Indian
institutions and Indian laboratories These surveys carried out since 1956
have demonstrated that iodine deficiency is a public health problem not
only in the Sub-Himalayan belt but in all states and Union Territories.
In India, the first large scale baseline survey of iodine deficiency and
endemic goiter was done by the legendary scientist and former Director
(All India Institute of Medical Sciences) New Delhi and (Indian Council of
Medical Research) New Delhi- Prof. V. Ramalingaswami and his team in
Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh. The survey was done in the year
1956. Then, repeat surveys were done after every five years using iodised
salt (KI and KIO3) in the population. This study, popularly known as,
"Kangra Valley study" has become a milestone that demonstrated role of
iodised salt in the prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders all over the
world. Thereafter, many surveys have been done in India by AllMS, ICMR,
Government of India and State Governments, (medical colleges, home
science institutions) which have demonstrated that not only areas in the
foothills of Himalayas are iodine deficient but most of the states and Union
Territories are also iodine deficient.
The effects of iodine deficiency take a long time to show its visual
manifestation. Goiter is only one of the commonest and the least
dangerous form of visual manifestation. It is said that, "Goitre is only a tip
of an iceberg" .The more serious and irreversible effects are hidden below
the iceberg.
Iodine is an element which is essential nutrient required for the production
of thyroid hormones
by thyroid gland.
Thyroid hormones
play an important
role in the
development of
human brain in the
foetus. If a pregnant
woman does not get
the required quota of
iodine everyday, the
fetal
brain
development gets
affected. Iodine
deficiency is the most
common cause of preventable brain damage in the children, worldwide. It
has been widely demonstrated all over the world that the IQ scores of
children living in an iodine deficient environment is nearly 13 IQ points
less than those living in iodine sufficient environment. In addition, mental
retardation; defects of speech and hearing; psychomotor defects; still
births; spontaneous abortions are among the many serious effects of
iodine deficiency.
Now, why is salt used as a vehicle to supply iodine?
Salt is the best medium to supply iodine in India. Because men and
women; rich and poor; young and old, all of us consume salt in a fixed
amount everyday. Average daily consumption is 10 gms per person per
day. This enables us to get an adequate amount of iodine everyday (iodine
should be available to body on a daily basis). In a country like India, to
ensure that poorest of the poor person gets iodine everyday in the
adequate amount, salt becomes the best vehicle to combat iodine
deficiency.
Consequences of excess iodine: Generally iodised salt contains iodine in
the range of 30 to 50 (PPM) of potassium iodate. This is a very small
amount. In fact, a person in his/her lifetime of 70 years, will consume only
a teaspoon of iodine (5 gms) through iodised salt! And to have so called
adverse effects of iodine, he/she will have to consume, thousand times
more amount at one time, which is just impossible!
In a developing country like India, if we want the new generation to be
more intelligent and healthy, it is important for the educated, wise and
responsible people to come forward and help in removing fear and
misunderstanding from people's mind about iodised salt. Of course, the
Government will also have to take further steps, for example,
I.
to give help and encouragement to small and medium scale
manufacturers
II.
to take help from railway department for the distribution of iodised
salt all over the country
III.
to use media campaign to educate people about iodised salt and
iodine deficiency
IV.
to include iodine deficiency and iodised salt in school curriculum.
The above efforts will contribute a long way in preventing mental
retardation due to iodine deficiency disorders by consuming adequately
iodised salt everyday.
Sustainable Elimination of IDD in Jharkhand
A Report on the Ongoing Survey
icronutrients play a vital role in the prevention of malnutrition
M
Representatives of ICCIDD, AllMS, Assistant Directors from the
Directorate of Social Welfare, District Programme Officers (DPOs) I
District Welfare Officers (DWOs), representatives of various
departments, NGOsand the investigators.
among children. Programmes for the promotion of micro
nutrients such as iron and vitamin A are already going on in a
Dr. Farhat Sayyed, Programme Officer,
CD & N, UNICEF, Patna, Bihar
campaign mode in
Jharkhand state. It is
important that similar
campaign for
consumption of iodised
salt also be conducted
so that incidences of
IDD are curbed. In this
regard a statewide
survey on Iodine
Deficiency Disorders
(IDD) was conducted in
Jharkhand to assess the
status of IDD.
The workshop commenced with a welcome address by Sri S.P Verma,
and self-introduction of the participants. The Director inaugurated
the workshop and gave an overview of the ill effects of iodine
deficiency. She emphasized on the importance of consumption of
iodised salt as it was the only method to consume iodine and prevent
IDD. She also expected the survey would be conducted suitably so
that the findings of the survey would be accurate enough to design a
strategy for the prevention of IDD in the state.
The technical session was taken up by Mr. Amit Shukla and Dr.
Prasanth Saboth from ICCIDD, AllMS New Delhi. Dr. Farhat Sayeed,
Programme Officer, CD&N, UNICEF Patna shared her experiences
from Bihar where similar survey had already been conducted and the
findings had gained very positive feedback from the Government.
The Directorate of
Social Welfare,
Jharkhand with support from UNICEF, ICCIDD and Center for Community
Medicine (CCM) AllMS, New Delhi, initiated the survey. The survey will be
carried out in five phases:
1.
Planning and selection of areas for collection of samples.
2.
Training Investigators to conduct the survey
The following presentations were made:
Data Analysis and Interpretation
5.
Dissemination of the findings of the survey.
1.
Planning Meeting:
The survey has been initiated and the first three phases have been
already completed. The planning and selection of areas was done in
April 2006 when Dr. Chandrakant S. Pandav, Prof. & Head, Center
for Community Medicine, AllMS and Dr. Farhat Sayeed, visited the
state to have preliminary discussions with Mrs.Pooja Singhal
Apporva, IAS, Director, Social Welfare, Jharkhand. After finalising
the plan of action, the areas for collection of samples were identified
and the various logistics involved in conducting the survey were
discussed. The date for the Training and Orientation workshop for
the investigators to carry out the survey was also finalized.
2.
Training Workshop:
A state level Training cum Consultation workshop on Iodine
Deficiency Disorders was held on the 16th and 17th of May 2006.
The objective of the workshop was to enlighten the participants on
the status of IDD in Jharkhand and to train the investigators to
conduct the statewide survey on iodine deficiency disorders and
consumption of iodised salt, in Jharkhand. The participants included
Mrs. Pooja Singhal Apporva, IAS, Director, Social Welfare, Sri S.P
Verma, Assistant Director, Directorate of Social Welfare, Mrs Farhat
Sayeed Project Officer, Child Development & Nutrition, UNICEF,
Tracking Progress Towards Sustainable Elimination of IDD
II.
IDD in Jharkhand
The technical session was followed by a discussion on the various
questionnaires and method of sample collection. The investigators
were trained on the filling up of questionnaires, methods of
interviewing and other survey techniques. A mock exercise for filling
up of questionnaires and collection of samples was carried out the
next day in one of the villages of Namkum block. The results of the
mock exercise were encouraging. The investigators had understood
the technique well and had no problems in carrying out the mock
3 Field survey and collection of samples from the areas selected.
4.
I.
exercise.
3.
Field Survey & Collection of Samples:
The last session of the workshop consisted of the discussions on the
logistics of the actual survey that was to be conducted. It was decided
that the samples and the filled up questionnaires should reach the
Directorate by the 25th of May 2006. Instructions for the
arrangement for movement of the investigators on the field were
given to enable the investigators to carry out the survey on time. It was
decided to give an award to the team submitting the samples and
questionnaires first.
4.
Data Analysis & Interpretation:
The survey has been conducted. The salt and urine samples are
being analysed at ICCIDD, AllMS New Delhi. The data is in the
process of analysis at Govt. Medical College, Nagpur. Data entry
software is developed. Data entry is completed. Dummy tables are
created. Final tables are being prepared.
5.
DisseminationWorkshop:
The dissemination workshop for the findings will be held in
October, 2006.
Field Experience of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu Salt Industry
A note by Mr. Amit Shukla, National Coordinator, ICCIDD, New Delhi
visit was undertaken to understand the role of the Salt Industry in
A
iodisation of salt and to look for various means to ensure the
objective of achieving USI in India. The objective included
support to Small Scale Manufacturers (SSM) while ensuring that the
iodised salt reaches to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) consumers.
The visit also included the monitoring of the activities carried out by
ICCIDD-MII in the region. This included finding out the bottlenecks along
with learning from the successful initiatives so as to further smoothen the
process of project.
Gujarat Salt Industry
The whole salt industry across the country can be divided into
medium and small scale manufacturers. 70%, 5% and 25 % (apf
respectively is the area of land occupied by each of the category. In te
of the units, almost 10% units lie under large scale where as only 8% ‘:e
under medium scale ones. The remaining 82% units belong to the small
scale and the unorganised sector.
Specifically talking about Gujarat, almost 85% of total land is occupied •
large scale manufacturer. There are hardly any medium s
manufacturers in the state. The small scale manufacturers and the
unorganised sector contributes almost 24% of the total production in
Gujarat.
Gujarat, the largest manufacturer of salt in the country, contributes to 75%
of the total salt production of the country. The leading nature of Gujarat
salt industry is both, because of its geographical location and the suitable
climatic conditions prevailing in the state. Gujarat has almost 65% of the
total land available for salt production.
Thus, Gujarat should be the major point of focus considering its current
production and its potential to increase the production according to the
demand of iodised salt.
After interacting with few of the Salt manufactures of all categories, it was
felt that a market driven solution is needed. The market driven activities
would provide sustainability to the entire process. This could be done
through long term industry oriented policies.
The overall scenario of the Gujarat Salt industry is explained in Table 1,
Table 2 and Table 3.
Table 1
Total Number
of Units
Production
(000) tons
% Contribution
Organised
9140
86.33 %
Un-organised
1447
13.67%
Total production
10587
100.00%
As we can see from the Table 1, almost 60% of the units are in the
unorganised sector which is difficult to be monitored. This is a major
bottleneck not only in the growth and development of the Indian salt
industry but also in achieving USI in India. It is difficult to monitor and
enforce law on the unorganised sector because:
I.
They do not come under the jurisdiction of monitoring
. authorities
II.
They hardly follow any of the norms set by Governing
authorities.
III.
Most of the unorganised sector producers are of Small Scale.
They work on very low margins and hence are not bothered
about the quality standards.
The contribution of unorganised sector in terms of the total salt production
in Gujarat is only about 14%. This refers to all type of salt. It was observed
that most of the large manufacturers are more keen to be in the business of
industrial salt rather than edible iodised salt. So when we talk about the
contribution of the same section (Unorganised Sector) for edible Iodised
salt it would be substantially more.
The total salt produced for human consumption by Gujarat Salt Industry is
3,812,000 tons which is about 36% as compared to 64% for industrial
grade (Ref. Table 3). However, the quantity of salt iodised is 3,015, 000
tons. The remaining 797,000 tons is non-lodised and still used for human
consumption. Most part of this quantity (797, 000 tons) is spread only
among Small Salt Manufacturers and the Un-organised sector.
fable 2
Category wise Production of sail in Gujarat
No. of Units
% of Units
Production
% Production from
Contribution
(Tons)
all Categories
Cot 1 (large)
579
31.40%
8,020,000
76%
Cat II (Medium)
21
1.13%
47,500
0.44%
Cot III (Small)
111
6.01%
1,072
10%
Un-organised
1134
61.46%
1,4.47
14%
Total
1845
100,00%
10,587
100%
Production ol
Iodised Salt
3,015,000
Table 3
Total Production in Gujarat
10,587,000 Tons
Industrial Grade Salt
6,775,000 Tons
Human Consumption
3,812,000 Tons
Iodised Salt
3,015,000 Tons
Non-lodised Salt
797,000 Tons
Tamil Nadu Salt Industry
Tamil Nadu contributes almost 13.5% of the total salt manufactured in
India and occupies 15% of the total land available for salt production.
(total production) only 36 % is subjected to Iodisation. The remaining
12,33,000 tons remains non-iodised. Therefore, the focus should be on:
Thus in terms of priority the second most important state is Tamil Nadu. In
Tamil Nadu almost 64% of the salt manufacturers are in the unorganised
sectors and their relative contribution towards the overall production of
I.
Small Salt Manufacturers
II.
Traders
III.
Un-organised Sector
state is almost 53%. The second point to focus here is, that, Tamil Nadu
accounts for almost 36% of the total number of units existing in India.
Table 6
However, in terms of production its share is only 13.5%. This fact draws
our attention to the following:
I.
The quality of the salt cannot be maintained because of small
size of units
II.
It is difficult to monitor small sized units
III.
It is difficult io extend support/assistance and monitorthe same
Total Production in TN
2, 572, 000 Tons
Industrial Grade Salt
643, 000 Tons
Human Consumption
1,929,000 Tons
Iodised Salt
696, 000 Tons
On the other hand we cannot afford to ignore them. They form a relatively
big group of manufacturers, who need to be guided to achieve USI in
India (not only in Tamil Nadu but across the country). The overall scenario
of the Tamil Nadu Salt industry is explained in Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6.
Table 4
Total Number
of Units
Production
(000) tons
% Contribution
Organised
1,218
47.35 %
Un-organised
1,354
52.65 %
Total production
2,572
100.00%
Non-lodised Salt
1,233,000 Tons
Gujarat produces almost double the salt for human consumption than
that of Tamil Nadu. It iodises almost 80% of it. On the other, Tamil Nadu
inspite of the lower production, only iodises 36% of the total salt produced
for human consumption. So there is a need to have a strategy in place for
Tamil Nadu to increase the percentage (from 36%) of iodised salt
production out of the total production of salt for human consumption.
Secondly, since we have shortage of almost 0.5 Million ton of iodised salt
for edible purpose, major part of which will be produced by Gujarat, we
need to also have strategies for (a) to increase the percentage (from 80%)
of Iodised salt production out of the total production of salt for human
consumption (b) Increase on the overall production of Salt for human
Table 5
consumption from 38,12,000 tons.
Category wise Production of salt in Tamil Nadu
Now the concern is how do we go about ensuring iodisation and how do
No. of Units
Cot 1 (large)
42
Production
% Production from
Contribution
(Tons)
all Categories
1.25%
946,000
36.78%
% of Units
Col II (Medium)
54
4.60%
159,000
6.18%
Cot III (Small)
1026
30.6%
113,000
4.40%
Un-organised
2130
63.55%
135,4000
52:64 %
Total
3352
100.00%
Production or
Iodised Sail
2,572
we extend our support to both Large Scale and SSM without intervening in
the market and achieve USI?
Approach I:
It is suggested that all the categories need proper attention so as to
achieve USI. The support provided to various categories would be
different. The following approaches can be considered for different
100.00%
categories to achieve USI.
696,000 Tons
Large Scale: Since the large scale manufacturing firms’ are self
sustainable in terms of incurring the cost of iodising adequately refined
Most of the small salt manufacturers (SSM) in Gujarat & Tamil Nadu
supply their salt to the traders or large salt manufacturers. They (SSM) are
iodised salt, so the support provided should be some changes in helping
the industry in terms of policy and governance related concern like the PFA
not directly involved in the salt iodisation process. Remaining SSM, which
are directly involved into the process of iodisation do not have adequate
knowledge and the systems in place to make adequately iodised salt.
act, adequate railway support etc. Any market driven approach would
certainly provide sustainability. This will also motivate the small and
medium size salt manufacturers to get into the business of Iodised salt who
otherwise are worried because of the severe punishments and stringent
The quality of the salt produced in Tamil Nadu varies widely from that of
Gujarat. In other words the quality standards in Tamil Nadu are not good
enough to serve the purpose for industrial use and this is because of a
variety of reasons like small land size etc.
laws.
Small Scale:
The definition of Small Scale Manufacturer (SSM) varies from region to
The point to be noted here (Ref. Table 6) is that, out of 19, 29, 000 tons
region, reason being the quantity produced by a SSM at Tamil Nadu varies
15
immensely-from the quantity produced by SSM at Gujarat. So there cannot
be a single definition of SSM which is applicable throughout country
(Pragmatically). Salt department does not have any category
segmentation of Iodised salt manufacturers.
Why Support the SSMs and Un-organised Sector?
There are a major chunk of producers who are not registered with Salt
Department and treated as the Un-recognized sector. They contribute to
almost 30% of the total salt production. Hence they play a vital role in
achieving USI which we can not afford to miss out.
There are few large manufacturers/Brands in India namely, Anapurna,
Tata Salt, Ashirvad, Captain Cook, Ankur Salt, Shudh etc and these
companies/brands have their established market in place catering to the
urban population (since the avg. price of their salt is Rs 7-8/kg). Therefore,
as the market awareness of Iodised salt grows there would be an
additional requirement of approx 1 Million tons of iodised salt. This could
be full filled by SSM or Unorganised sector. Since BPL population would
Most of the SSMs find it extremely difficult to get into the business of
producing iodised salt because of:
I.
Lack of resources to create a niche for them
II.
Lack of marketing skills
III.
Lackof proper supply chain
IV.
Fear of getting into legislative details (e.g. PEA act)
V.
Lack of market knowledge
The total production of Iodised salt in India is about 4.5 Million ions per
annum. The entire population of India requires approx 5 to 5.5 million
tons of adequately Iodised salt annually.
prefer to have Iodised salt:
I.
At their doorstep and
II.
At the cost which they can afford (Below Rs. 5/-per Kg)
Hence it would be more feasible for SSMs and un-organised sector to
supply salt to the rural parts of India.
The small scale manufactures certainly need some monetary incentives
initially to get motivated for the production of Iodised salt. Over a period
of time they would realise the commercial benefit of the sale of Iodised
salt. This might fetch them relatively more margins. This can also include
the repair of iodisation plant. ICCIDD-MII can work as a catalyst towards
providing tie ups of SSM with the large salt manufactures.
Approach II
Since all the three major salt producing states have different features,
Government Policies, climatic conditions, market dynamics,
geographical advantages etc, they have different issues to be addressed
by the concerned authorities.
This will make the industry more
competitive and achieve USI as well.
ICCIDD Objective:
Provide iodised salt to the underserved section of the society (BPL) by achieving USI through Small Salt Manufacturers
Salt for BPL Population
A
c
c
Salt for BPL Population
I
D
D
S
U
P
P
O
R
V
For instance, Industry located at Tamil Nadu needs more basic support
In Summary
like allotment of land, extension of lease agreement. The Gujarat based
I.
industry needs more advanced infra structural and technological support
The Indian Salt industry is in growth stage. Therefore, it is even
to make themself compete in the global market.
more important to have sustainable industry oriented policies
especially for areas of prime importance like infrastructure and
Therefore, it is also suggested to form two regional panels namely:
technology.
I.
South Panel: Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Karnataka
II.
North Panel: Gujarat and Rajasthan
||.
The production of iodised salt as well as common salt is
scattered among various categories of producers, number of
producers, production patterns etc. The given scenario
becomes critical in few occasions to bring any policy related or
any other strategic changes to make the industry more
The formation of these panels would further help us to understand the
regional concerns and issues and work more closely with the salt industry.
competitive.
III.
Among all the four categories, small scale producers and
producers of Un-organised sector are the ones which need
more attention and monitoring to make them competitive
enough to retain themselves in the market competition.
The suggested model for support to large manufacturers
ICCIDD Mil
IV.
Gujarat
17
Adequate support is required for every scale of organisation, be
it a large, medium or small scale organisation. Although, the
kind of support required varies between the scales of
organisations.
Discussions with Small Scale Iodised Salt Producers at Tuticorin on 3rd May, 2006
A note by Mr. Amit Shukla, National Coordinator, ICCIDD, New Delhi
amil Nadu contributes almost 13.5% of the total salt manufactured
in India and occupies 15% of the total land available for salt
concerns of the Small Scale Manufacturers related to the production of
iodised salt. The concern regarding the ban against the sale of non
production and that makes the state the second largest producer of
iodised salt for human consumption was also discussed.
T
salt across the country.
The meeting was addressed by Mr Amit Shukla, National Coordinator,
ICCIDD
India,
Mr WD
Ravindran,
President, Tamil
Nadu
salt
Tuticorin contributes a substantial portion of the total salt produced in
Tamil Nadu and most of the salt producers are into the business of salt
Manufacturers association (TSMA), Mr V Ramasubramanian, immediate
produced for human consumption.
past president, TSMAand Mr Satyanidhi Rao, Extender, ICCIDD-MII.
Tuticorin currently offers a lot of
potential in terms of achieving USI. The state has huge potential to cater
ICCIDD-MII officials briefed the gathering about their objective to support
to the need of the iodised salt in the adjacent states as well and hence
underserved section of the society through supporting the small iodised
plays a vital role in achieving USI in India.
salt manufacturers of India.
The total production of salt in the state is 25, 27, 000 tons/annum.
The following points were raised during the interaction:
Whereas the production of salt for human consumption in Tamil Nadu is
19,29,000 tons, out of which only 36% salt is iodised i.e. 6,96,000 tons.
There should not be any compulsion for production of iodised
I.
salt for the human consumption
Therefore the state still needs to iodise almost 12,33,000 tons of salt
which is produced for human consumption.
II.
The price of KIO3 needs to be monitored and controlled by the
concerned Government Authority
To interact with the small iodised salt producers and to know the concerns
they face in production of iodised salt which would ultimately lead to an
III.
additional effort towards achievement of USI in India, ICCIDD-MII
The
PFA Act
needs
some
changes
to
make
it
industry friendly
organised a meeting with Tutucorin Salt Manufacturers Association on the
IV.
7th May, 2005 at Tuticorin.
The
State
Government
should
also
consider
iodised salt as a priority
The meeting was attended by 50 participants which included Small Salt
Manufacturers, Traders, Officials of the Salt Department and Whole
Sellers. The objective of the meeting was to really understand the various
V.
The relevant authorities of Salt should become
proactive for
solving the concerns of the industry
President of TSMA, Mr. V.V.D. Ravindran sharing his views
during the meeting. Sitting L to R, Suptd. of Salt Mr. D.
Shivakumar & Mr. Amit Shukla, ICCIDD
Meeting in progress at TSMA, Tuticorin
18
Update from Sri Lanka
A note by Mr. Mahinda Gunawardena, National Coordinator, ICCIDD
Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) Project in Sri Lanka
Puttalam Salt Limited
ICCIDD-MI initiated project in Sri Lanka has many components. The
The Board of Directors have just approved the Civil and Electrical Works
component at USI Project in Lanka Salt Limited/ Hambantota is
award, which would see the Contractor being mobilized by next week.The
LSTK Machinery etc. may be confirmed with the Supplier's already
proceeding most satisfactorily.The Civil and Electrical Work have
progressed to the mid level of execution/ while LSTK Machinery and
selected, thereafter.
Centrifuge fabrications are in progress, in India. Judging from current
Tsunami affected Childrens Project
progress, it appears that commissioning will be possible, on schedule by
December, 2006.
In respect of the above project in Hambantota, much progress has been
made.Construction is underway of the Drop in Centre and Community
Hall which may see completion by October 2006. The Centre would
facilitate Education, Distant Education, Skills Development, IT related
activities, Arts, Drama and Recreation. This Centre would be the ICCIDD
Centre in the Iodine Deficiency IEC Programmes in Hambantota. It would
also serve as the Nucleus Location that would help the Children to
integrate
with society as
fully complemented,
productive and
accomplished individuals.
Some Questions about Rock Salt
Source: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/ASK/rocksalt.html
4.
1. What is rock salt?
Table salt is essential for human life. A large amount of the comercially
This is the common name for the mineral "halite”. Its chemical formula is
NaCI. You might know this substance as table salt. and... Actually, rock
salt is not K2SO4; it is NaCI. It can have impurities of gypsum (CaSO4)
What is Rock salt used for?
mined rock salt is prepared for human consumption. Rock salt is also
applied to road beds in cold climates to help reduce the freezing point of
water on the road, thereby allowing it to not freeze-over at 0 deg. C.
and sylvite (KCI) but it is very rare to find potassium sulfate as a mineral,
5.
although occasionally polyhalite (K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4.2H2O) is found
As I mentioned above, Table salt is essential for human life.In addition, the
associated with rock salt deposits.
formation of Rock Salt deposits from the world's oceans is the major
2.
Why is Rock Salt important?
mechanism through which the Ocean's can regulate their NaCI content,
How is Rock Salt formed?
It is typically formed by the evaporation of salty water (such as sea water)
which contains dissolved Not and Cl- ions.
thereby not becoming "overly" salty. Salt formations are also important in
the rock record because they form one of the most important “traps" for
petroleum in the crust. Geologists often use a variety of techniques to try
3.
Where is Rock Salt formed?
and locate salt domes in the subsurface when they are exploring for new
oil and gas resources.
One finds rock salt deposits in dry lake beds, inland marginal seas, and
enclosed bays and estuaries in arid regions of the world. At various times
in the geologic past, very large bodies of water (such as the
Mediterranean Sea and an old ocean that sat where the Atlantic Ocean
sits now) also evaporated and made enormous deposits of rock salt.
These deposits were later burned by marine sediments. Since halite is less
dense than the materials that make up the overlying sediments, the salt
beds often "punched up" through the sediments to create dome-like
structures. These are now mostly burned by additional sediments.
Halite Crystal
19
REMEMBERING THE VISIONARIES
"As we enter a new phase of technology application in respect to micronutrient malnutrition, an
understanding of the reasons for our failure to utilise optimally some of the common place contributions of
science and technology would be useful."
- V. Ramalingaswami, Ending Hidden Hunger, 1991
"Micronutrient deficiency does not produce hunger as we know it. It gnaws at the core of health, but not
below the belly. Most of its consequences are not readily perceived; like the iceberg, its' bulk lies beneaih
the surface. Even its most apparent efforts - such as blindness and cretinism - seem to most people to be
unrelated to diet. That is why we call it "Hidden Hunger" and why such an extraordinary effort must be
made - through every available channel - to drag it into the open, make it visible as an issue at the political
level and empower families with the prevention knowledge they need."
- James R Grant, Executive Director, UNICEF, 1995
ate
aRifat I
qvf&r Fvfcr 11
Daily consumption of Iodised salt
is a healthy habit
SustainingElimination of IDD
IOCIDD
Publishing any material in IQ+ Jagriti does not necessarily mean ICCIDD's endorsement of the views expressed therein or the results quoted.
Materials for publication, subscription request, comments may be sent to: Dr. Chandrakant S Pandav, Room No 28, CCM Building,
Old OT Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029 E-mail: cpandav@iqplusin.org
Position: 2234 (7 views)