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SIMPLE TEACHING AID
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A MOTT PUBLICATION
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Moving Closer ±o ibl-'ke
Rural P003?
Shared experiences of the Mobile Orientation
and Training Team
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MOVING CLOSER TO THE RURAL POOR is an in
teresting report on the efforts of MOTT ( Mobile Orientation
and Training Teana) of the Indian Social Institute to assist
voluntary organisations in adopting a more people-centred
approach in rural development. It presents a picture of
MO IT's special way of operation.
The contents, divided into three parts, reflect the role of
each member of the team.
The first part gives information on MOTT : its composi
tion, objectives, methods, types of activities. Some significant
insights gained by the team thro'ugh intensive contact with
villagers are also included in this part.
The second part talks about the experiences in searching
for more appropriate ways of meeting the needs of the rural
poor, by the team’s agriculture and communications expert.
The third part focuses on community health : the ways
of training illiterate women as basic health workers and of
setting up an effective health care system in the rural areas.
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COMMUNITY HEALTH CEIL
COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
326, V Main, I Block
Koramangala
Bangalore-560034
India
SIMPLE TEACHING AID
for
MOTHER & CHILD CARE
A MOTT PUBLICATION
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INTRODUCTION
This little booklet contains precious teaching material for
Health Education. It is precious because the ideas expressed
through the pictures have originated in the minds of illiterate village women. Women, whose creativity has been challenged while
training to become Basic Health Workers.
Sr. Sara is the author of this booklet. She first got an artist
to draw the pictures that represent things commonly seen and
used in the village. These pictures she utilised in training hund
reds of Village Health Workers. The text that accompanies each
visual aid has been composed by her, and forms part of what
she has learnt from the trainees.
Though in most cases destitute, and illiterate, the rural poor
have a highly developed capacity to be attuned to nature. They
have, as Paulo Freire says, ‘a language rich in images of nature’.
They express the joy and sorrow, the beauty and the ugliness of
nature in their stories and in their songs. On the basis of this
being in constant touch with the world of plants, trees, and ani
mals, their creative imagination has vast potential for stimulation
through the use of appropriate methods of Adult Education.
2
Sr. Sara possesses this art in an exceptional way. She comes
from a family in which closeness to nature has always been a way
of life. This has enabled her to help un-educated village women
discover in nature, challenges in solving problems related to their
daily lives.
This booklet basically expresses a way of learning. It
leads un-educated people from what they commonly see and know,
to what they do not know. In other words, it is a process of going
from the known to the un-known. For example, from the way
birds build their nests on trees in the village, a lesson is learnt
regarding how an expectant mother should prepare for the arrival
of her baby. New ways of dealing with daily problems of the
people are found from an analysis of the known, and in its appli
cation to particular situations. In this process, new initiatives are
taken, and positive attitudes arc acquired.
Apart from its immediate practical usefulness for Health
Education, this booklet can foster greatly a strong faith in poor
people. For many reasons, their human potentialities have re.
mained dormant, like seeds that never get in touch with the soil,
sun, and water. So the rural poor remain like blossoms in the
dust. The creative capacities of these people need to be challen
ged, and we hope this booklet helps in making a small beginning in
that direction. The processes by which they acquire insights into
deeper causes of poverty and disease will be the subject of another
MOTT booklet.
Sr. Sara welcomes any comments from the readers of this
booklet. She is a Medical Mission Sister, and is one of the four
team members of the Mobile Orientation & Training Team of the
Indian Social Institute, New Delhi.
Henry Volken,
MOTT, Nagpur-
MOTT is presently based at 7, Sial Layout, Sitaram Das
Road, Chhaoni, Nagpur-440 013. For more information on their
activities, we suggest you read the booklet entitled, “ Moving
Closer To The Rural Poor”.
3
Picture No I.
What do you see in this picture ? ♦* Yes, it is a picture of a
bird and a tree. And there are four birds’ nests hanging from this
tree. Who builds the nest ? *♦ Yes, the bird builds the nest. But
why does it build the nest ? ** That’s right. The bird builds the
nest to protect its young ones from the sun and the rain, and to
keep them safe and comfortable. When does the bird build the
nest ? ♦* Yes, you are correct. The bird builds the nest much in
advance. It does not wait for the last minute. It builds the nest
much in advance so that when the time comes for her to lay the
eggs, she has a place ready. If the bird is so concerned as to
prepare a place much in advance for her young ones, how much
more concerned should a mother be ? ** (Now discuss how a
mother should prepare for the arrival of her baby. What are the
necessary things that a baby requires ? How do you prepare the
place where the baby is born, etc).
** Let the participants answer.
4
Normally, preparation for child-birth is not done because
of certain beliefs and customs that people believe in. Our efforts
should be directed to showing the people that these beliefs and
practises of theirs are harmful to the birth of the child. Through
this comparitive study, we must convince them of the need to keep
the baby warm and comfortable, in a clean environment, and
properly cared for by the mother.
For the birth of the baby, all that is required are a few
pieces of old but clean clothes to wrap the baby, and a clean
place for the baby to have a peaceful sleep.
End the discussion by asking the participants for answers
to this question. If a bird is so concerned about its young ones, do
you think a mother should be equally concerned about the arrival
of her baby ? How should the mother prepare for the arrival of
her baby ?*What should she eat, and what exercise should she
do ?»« What are the things that she should keep ready so that
when the baby comes, it is assured of warmth and good care ?
Now what do you see ?** A woman. Yes, that is a woman.
But what kind of a woman ?** That’s right. A pregnant woman.
What do you mean by saying that she is pregnant ?** Yes, she has
a baby in her womb, and soon the baby will be born.
You have just seen how the bird has prepared a nest for her
young ones. She prepares the nest in advance to keep her young
ones safe and comfortable. Is the mother in this picture as con
cerned as the bird ?** If they say she is not so concerned, ask
them what are the things the mother can do to become more
concerned.
♦ Let the participants answer.
5
Picture No. 2 a.
6
Picture No. 2 b.
Look at these two comparitive pictures. What do you see at
the top ?•♦ Yes, there are two jowar crops. And what do you see
at the bottom ?** Correct. There are two pregnant women. Now,
do you notice any difference between both the sets of crops ?*’
Yes, one set of crops is healthy, while the other is not. Can any
one of you tell us why this is so ?♦♦ Yes, that is right. One set of
Let the participants answer. COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
326, V Main, I Block
Koramorgnla
Bangalore-560034
India
7
jowar crops has got timely care, ie, sufficient manure (nutrition),
water, and sunshine, timely weeding, action against pests and
diseases, and other necessary care. But the second set of crops
was neglected. No manure, very little or no water, it is weakened
by disease and attacked by pests. The crop has withered and died.
The healthy plant gives healthy fruit. The sickly plant bears
sickly fruit.
Now look at the picture of the two pregnant women. What
do you see ?** Yes. One woman looks healthy and fresh, while
the other looks tired and pale. There arc wrinkles on her face.
Why do both these women look different ?♦* Yes, that is correct.
The healthy one has got timely care, nutritious food, fresh air,
good drinking water, protection against disease, love, peace of
mind, and a clean environment. The un-healthy one docs not have
all these requirements.-. Don’t you think that the unhealthy mother
should also be taken care of ?**If they say ‘Yes’, ask them what
are the things that should be provided to the unhealthy mother
in order to restore her back to health. Draw a strong comparison
between the plants that they care for so well. Ask them if their
mothers are not as valuable as the plants so as to be given equal
if not better care and 'attention.
Let the participants answer.
8
Picture No. 3.
Now what do you see ? ♦* All right, That is a picture of a
small plant that is fenced in. But why is it fenced in ? ♦* That’s
correct. It is fenced in to protect it from destructive animals. Now
what do you see? ** Correct. A mother carrying her baby, and a
doctor is giving the baby an injection on his left leg. Why is the
child being given an injection ? *♦ The injection is being given to
protect the child from certain diseases that can prove fatal. Just
as the fence protects the tender plant from destructive animals, so
the injection (immunization) protects the child from early death
and deadly diseases.
• Let the participants answer.
What do you see in this picture ? ** That’s right. A set of
healthy plants on one side, and another set of withered ones on
the other side. And what is below this? ** Sickly and mal
nourished children again on one side, and healthy children on the
other side. What do these two pictures, one of the plants and the
other of the children mean to you? ♦* (Help them to come to the
point by asking simple questions). What does a little plant need
to grow? ♦* Yes, it needs nutrition, manure, water, sunshine,
tender care, support, preventative care against diseases, etc.
Only then will it grow as a healthy plant. Whereas the plant
that is uncared for, no manure, no water, no sunshine, etc. has
withered and dried.
Now that you havc seen what a young plant needs, can
you tell us what a baby needs? ♦♦ Yes, you are right. A baby
needs nutritious food, according to its needs, water, love, sun
shine, tender care, preventative care against diseases, etc, to
grow and develop his mind, body and intellect. This should be
introduced gradually at the early stages of a child’s life, just
as we give the small plant a little dose of water and manure.
All of you know how to take care of a tender plant. Can any
of you tell me how we must take care of a baby? ♦♦ (The teacher
then explains the gradual introduction of solid food).
♦* Let the participants answer.
10
Picture No 5 a
Picture No. 5 b.
What do you see here? ♦* A picture of a small hut. The
wind and the rain have battered and broken down the hut. The
hut is built of poor quality material. It is very weak. Now look
.at the other picture. What do you see? *♦ Another small house.
♦* Let the participants answer.
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Same shape and same size. But it is strongly built. Even in the
face of rains and strong winds it docs not break down.
Now here’s another picture. Children. Everyone likes child
ren. But no mother likes to have a sickly child. Do any of you
like to have sickly children ? ** Look at this child. So bony.
Hardly any life left in him. He is ready to collapse at any
moment. Just as the rain and the wind can destroy the house
that is built of poor quality material, so too can disease destroy
the child that is not properly cared for. When the human body
is not built strongly, it falls victim to a number of diseases. It
is- not strong enough to resist them. But a healthy child has a
lot of resistance. It is like the house made of good quality
material. Nothing can break it down. Would you like to have
sickly children or healthy children?** So all of you want healthy
children. That’s very good. But what do you have to do to keep
your children healthy? •* (The teacher starts the discussion over
again and emphasises each aspect).
Picture No. 6
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What do you see in these two pictures? ♦* Yes, you see
two lamps and two children. One lamp gives out a bright light.
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♦♦ Let ths participants
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Liis lamp has plenty of oil, and one end of the wick touches
s oil level. The oil stimulates the wick, and thus it burnsjell. The other lamp has gone out. Why has it gone out ? ♦*
j:s, that’s correct. There is no oil to stimulate the wick, and
mce there is no light. When will the lamp burn? ** Of course,
uen there is sufficient oil, and when one end of the wick touches
e level of the oil. What happens when a lamp burns?** That’s
”ht. It gives plenty of light all around. A lamp is useless if
• does not give light.
Now look at these two children. What difference do you
Itice among them?** Correct. One child is very happy and is
saying freely, while the other looks un-happy arid in-active.
bat is the happy child playing with? ** You are right. It is
aaying with a toy car. <What does a child need for his total
welopment? ** A child needs food for his physical growth and
welopment. He also needs something to stimulate his intellectual
owth and to develop his creative talent. For this, a child needs
any material. Just as the oil stimulates the wick to burn, play
l terial stimulates the brain and the intellectual capacity of a
i Id. This will make the child bright and happy like the burning
□up.
Look at the other child. Why does he look dull, in-active,
di un-happy? ** That’s right. He has no means to stimulate his
:eellect. He has nothing to keep him occupied. He is just like the
aid lamp you have now seen. No oil, no flame, no light. Do you
.mt your child to be like the dead lamp? ♦♦ Surely nobody wants
; child lo be like a dead lamp. What must you do to make your
illd bright and active? ♦* Yes. He not only needs food, but a
□igenial environment and play material in order to stimulate his
yvsical and mental growth. This yvjll keep him bright and happy.
*♦ Let the participants answer.
, Here is another picture. What do you see in it? **
is feeding its calf. What does the calf require in the early
of its life? ** Yes. It requires its mother’s milk. The cow fe(
calf from the time it is born until it is big enough to eat soliQ
grass and other food. Until it reaches such a stage, the
nourishes the calf with its own milk. It is the right food
right time.
Look at this picture of a mother feeding her child. 1
tender age, milk of the mother is .the right food at thej
time. Bottle feed can be substituted for breast feed, but it:
so nourishing and easily available, clean, and cheap. And/
-all, breast feeding is preferred to bottle feeding because the
develops a close relationship with its mother. Do you think.
born baby should be breast fed or bottle fed? ♦♦ When shot
baby be given solid food? *♦ (Explain the aspect of early in!
«ction of solid food).
♦♦ Lei the participants answer.
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Printed at: Pushpa Press, King’s Way, Nagpur - 440 001. (
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