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Training Program
for
State Level Master Trainers
For
Women’s Health Development Project
Sponsored by:
WHO &
Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare,
Govt of India
Reference
SE/99/203484
Organised by
SUTRA
Jagjit Nagar 173 225
Himachal Pradesh
Dates:
December 01, to
December 08, 1999
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Part I-
Exccutive summary
I
Part II-
Report of the Proceedings
3
Part III-
Annexure
1. List of Participants with address
18
2. Activity ‘My Role’- Presentations
19
3A. Activity ‘Pehchaan’ - Presentations
21
3B. Activity Impact Of‘Pahchaan’ - Presentation
22
4. Game Tiger And Goat: Responses
24
5. List Of The Activities Performed By Men
26
and Women In Their Day-To-Day Life:
6. List Of Food Items In Local Diet
27
7. List Of Means And Methods Of Increasing/
29
Preserving The Nutritive Value of Food
8. List Of Traditional Remedies And Health Practices
30
9. THHP Documentation Format
32
10. Listing of Various Forms of Violence Against Women
33
11. Summary Of Evaluation
37
PART 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Context:
WHO and Government of India is supporting a process of training and dissemination of
health information amongst the leaders of women groups in five districts of Himachal
Pradesh, along with 70 districts in 14 other states in India.
Data collected during various studies shows that health is the second biggest cause for debt
among poor rural households. It is interesting, though not surprising, that most of the money
taken and spent on seeking health care is for men-folk within the family. Data is also
suggestive that women having a minimum income base tend to be more attentive and
receptive to health messages and information than those who are extremely poor. Therefore,
it is believed that the leaders of women groups where social empowerment process is already
on to some extent, are empowered with information on why and what causes illness and
disease and where and how to find help, they would be able to live healthier and more
productive lives. Secondly, in the process of empowerment, information of services
established at Government and in the public sector will also improve.
h
Participants:
A Total of 23 participants associated with 9 NGOs based in Sirmour, Kullu, Chamba,
Mandi and Solan districts of Himachal attended the first round of 8 day long training.
Although the proposal was designed to have one representative each from the Department
of Health, Education, Rural Development and Women and Child Development, for the
training none turned up for the first round of training of the master trainers.
Objectives:
The main objectives of the workshop were:
1.
To develop capacity at the state and district level for training women community
leaders.
2.
To provide an access to critical health information and health seeking behavior
patterns among almost 720 leaders of women groups who would in turn reach out
to nearly 7,200 adult women in the productive age group within the state. The
messages in the first round of training include information on gender and equity,
nutrition, work, violence, water and sanitation, communicable and noncommunicable diseases associated with them and their control programme.
Process:
The training cum workshop was conducted using a number of participatory and
interactive methods like group discussions, field trip, role-plays, video-shows, quiz, and
games were adapted to initiate discussions. Every following morning an evaluation was
done of the previous days sessions and the later sessions were fine-tuned accordingly.
I
!
Results:
1.
14 NGOs from Himachal joined hands to undertake this Project
2.
22 activists of 14 NGOs were trained for disseminating information on health
to the leaders of Mahila Mandals
3.
22 activists from 14 NGOs were exposed to issues involved in Health and
Gender
4.
22 activists of 14 NGOs were sensitized on various aspects of Health Care for
women
5.
Following aspects of Gender, Equity and Empowerment were dealt in detail:
Work and Women’s Health
Nutrition and Women’s Health
•
Water, Sanitation and Health
•
Traditional Health Practices
Malaria and Women’s Health
Tuberculosis and Women’s Health
Violence and Women’s Health
•
Panchayati Raj Institutions and Women’s Health
6.
Active support from Department of Women and Social Welfare was sought at
the State level
7.
Space was provided for activists from various NGOs to come together to plan
the activity.
Failures:
Though the Commissioner-cum-Secretary (Health Services) to the Government of
Himachal Pradesh took personal interest in the program and assured us full support
of the Department, at the ground level; no Medical Officer was deputed as Resource
Person or Master Trainers. We considered this as a failure. We hope, in Phase-II, we
would be able to correct this.
2
Part II
REPORT OF THE WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Day I (December ls‘ 1999)
INTRODUCTIONS
In the first round of introduction participants: were asked to form pairs with each other,
preferably with a participant of opposite sex ;and from a different Organization. The
group was given 20 min. to get to know their respective partners. Along with the general
introduction they were asked to present one ‘happiest’ and ‘saddest’ moment each from
the lives of their partners. There after a game (Snowball) was played to help the
participants settle down and remember each other’s names.
SESSION ONE: GENDER AND EQUITY
Facilitator: Subhash Mendhapurkar.
In the initial stages of the session, an attempt was made to under stand the linkages
between names, their meaning, Sex and Gender. Each participant was asked to name
his/her family members and the meaning of their names. While summing up it clearly
emerged that mostly women had names, which implied beauty, fragility, affection and
objects/things and men had names, which implied power, strength, character,
imperishability, etc.
The participants were given a task to guide their thought process one step further. They
were asked to write the answers to the following questions:
1. Two things, which are expectedfrom her/him by society, which he or she likes to do.
2. Two things, which are expectedfrom her/him by society, which he or she does not like
to do.
3. Two things that are not expectedfrom her or him but he or she likes to do.
(For participants responses see Annexure-2)
After the presentations it clearly emerged that while the role of women revolved around
family, fulfilling its day-to-day requirements (in some cases it includes income
generation activities) and maintenance, men controlled the decision-making, “out door
activities and financial modalities. Given this situation the women are denied
opportunities tor education, skill development, mobility and exposure, which lead to lack
of confidence, articulation and power. The discussion then shifted to understanding that
determines the Role for men and women. Society, which was created as an institution
to maintain and control the norms, with a dominant participation of men-folk, defined
and re-enforced gender inequalities. Negligible role for women in decision-making and
their lower status seemed to result because of the following power imbalances:
3
Men
Sr.
Women
01.
Ability to reproduce and breast Participation in reproduction
feeding
Financial control
02.
03.
Control over property
04.
Access to education and information
05.
Control due to family and social politics
Out of the above the women seem to derive 100% and men roughly 20% ‘Power’ from
reasons, which could be attributed to the ‘Body’. Apart from the physical
attributes/biological differences, the social roles or differences are interchangeable
depending on the time, place and circumstances.
This was followed by a discussion on how ‘Sex’ refers to the biological differences
between male and female while ‘Gender’ refers to the social roles and relationship that
are taken up by men and women. Through an exercise ‘Pchchaan’ it was further clarified
how with time Gender-neutral children develop into Gender stereotypes (For details refer
to Annexure-3 A). An attempt was also made to assess the impact of family, religion,
media, cultural beliefs and practices, education, political systems and institutions in
defining and re-enforcing gender inequalities. In order to analyze the impact of Gender
inequalities the participants were asked to write three words on any feature of
‘Pehchaan’. (For details refer to Annexure-3 B)
At the end of the day the participants were asked to assess the role of media in forming
gender stereotypes through a Hindi commercial film ‘Avatar’.
4
Day II (December 2nd, 1999)
Facilitator- Subhash Mendhapurkar.
Morning session began with the evaluation of the session conducted during the previous
day.
After this we proceeded to discuss the impact of language in maintaining and
strengthening gender imbalances. Most of the words used to depict strength, power, and
magnanimity were of masculine gender and the weaker, smaller, delicate, vulnerable, etc.
were found to be of feminine gender. It was accepted that the use of such language
gradually instills values, which are subconsciously carried forward and strengthened, as a
result of our continuous interaction with the society and its institutions. The ‘Master
Trainers’ should be conscious of such undertones of gender imbalance while choosing
words during their training sessions and in their personal lives.
A game ‘Bojh’ was introduced to explain the hierarchical setup and the power dynamics
present within the members of the same sex, caste, class and family. Three participants
were asked to volunteer and were made to sit one on top of the other. After a while they
were asked to break up and express how they felt.
Responses were as follows:
Person sitting on the floor
Caged up
Person sitting on top of him
Relieved (that only one person was sitting
On top of him)
The topmost person
Scared (of loosing his hold and falling off)
Summing up the responses of the volunteers Mr. Subhash Mendhapurkar explained that
similar power dynamics was evident within the society. The dominant person remains
fearful of loosing his/her position and therefore attempts to control the other one through
subordination in various forms - discrimination, disregard, insult, control, exploitation,
oppression and violence under the garb of tradition, norms, religion, law, and culture.
The role of Media in forming and strengthening gender stereotypes in the society was
analyzed through a film, which was screened the previous evening - ‘Avatar’. Each
participant was asked to express the gender imbalances depicted through the roles in the
film. Deep-rooted gender biases were reflected through most of the expressions. The
need to be able to see ‘beyond’ emerged very strongly and therefore the discussion was
shifted towards developing an understanding of Patriarch)' and its ideology. Through an
example the history of systematic withdrawal of women from the level of an equal to a
commodity, which required to be protected, guarded and used within the confines of the
four walls of a household was explained to the participants. The focus shifted to the
development of institutions like marriage, religion and customs with the underlying
intention to ensure that women remain confined within the four walls. It was further
stressed that the challenge lies in trying to empowering women, who continue to silently
obeying the norms of the patriarchy and help them develop a positive attitude towards
their own body, life and needs.
To understand the importance and impact of an organization in the process of
empowering women a game ‘Tiger and Goat’ was taken up with the entire group. I he
5
participants were asked to stand in a circle and hold each other’s hands. One participant
was asked to be inside the circle (goat) and the other one was asked to stand outside
(Tiger). The Tiger was asked to make efforts to catch the goat while the participants
forming the circle tried their best to prevent it. The game was repeated with two sets of
tiger and goat and at the end their responses were taken. (For the responses refer to
Annexure-4).
Another movie was screened during the late evening session - ‘ Arth’ and the participants
were asked to assess the gender imbalances and the impact and role of media as a mean
to strengthen the commonly prevalent gender imbalances and perceptions.
6
Day III (December 3rd, 1999)
Facilitator- Subhash Mendhapurkar
Morning session was started with the evaluation of the sessions conducted during the
previous day. Later the participants were asked to enlist positive and negative features
from the selected list of characters of the film — ‘Arth’. Through this exercise an attempt
was made to question the very basis of the institutions created to maintain the norms of
the society. Implication of the imbalances pointed out in the form of positive features and
the biases, in the form of features, which were accepted to be negative. The participants
agreed upon the need to create the atmosphere in which one is able to rise above the
norms of biological relations’ and live a more creative and productive life.
SESSION TWO: WORK AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
Facilitator- Dr Manju Ahal
After a brief introduction of the session the entire gathering was asked to form two groups
and present role-plays on the day-to-day chores in the life of men and women. The role
plays offered insights into the daily lives of men and women. The daily chores were listed
out (For the list refers to Annexure-5) and the total time spent in performing them was
(roughly) calculated. It emerged that the women take on a variety ofjobs, which were
physically very demanding and required higher number of hours for which barely any
remuneration (cash or appreciative) comes from the society and the family. While the work
of the women focused around fields, family, house, cattle and general maintenance, men
controlled the decision-making, “out door activities” and financial modalities. Given this
situation the women are denied opportunities for education, skill training, mobility and
exposure, which lead to lack of confidence, articulation and power.
1 he discussion was shifted towards the working postures adopted by men and women
while working and its impact on their health. The participants were asked to enlist the
problems associated with day-to-day work/occupation. The list is as follows: -
Backache, body ache joint pains, stiffness in neck
Cough, breathing problems
Problems related to eyes and vision
Infections - Tetanus, septic
Worm infestation
Cracks, blisters
Problems related to the uterus - Prolapse, miscarriage and abortion
Fatigue
Major and minor accidents — fall from tree, Burning, Cuts, wounds, abrasions
Reduction in hearing ability
Stress, depression, tension, loss of appetite
7
The reason behind, these problems were discussed and curative aspect was dealt with
adequately. Physiotherapeutic aspect of healing along with meditation and breathing
exercises was demonstrated with the active participation of the participants.
SESSION THREE: NUTRITION AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
Facilitator- Dr Manju Ahal
The participants were asked to enlist the basic ingredients in their daily diet. An
exhaustive list of local food items, which included wild green vegetables and fruits
specific to the areas represented by the participants evolved as a result of the exercise.
(For the list of food items see Annexure-6)
The requirements of the body, which are fulfilled by the consumption of food, were
discussed and three categories emerged:
1.
For providing energy
2.
For growth and maintenance
3.
For maintaining and raising the immunity of the body
The list of food items, which was developed in the previous exercise, was re-classified
according to these three categories. The discussion was then shifted to means and
methods of increasing as well as preserving the nutritive value of food. (See Annexure-7
for the list of means and methods of increasing/preserving the nutritive value of food)
8
Day IV (December 4th, 1999)
Facilitator- Dr Manju Ahal
Morning session was started with the evaluation of the sessions conducted during the
previous day. Later a discussion was initiated on the factors responsible for nutritive
deficiencies. The factors were broadly classified into four categories -
1.
Social -
Low self esteem
Unequal division of work
Ealing last due to lower status
Dietary restrictions during menstruation, pregnancy and
lactation
2.
Religious -
3.
Financial/ economic — Price rise
Fasting
Shift in agricultural practices (emphasis on cash-crops)
4.
Lack of awareness and lack of utilization of Government facilities-
Lack of access to supply of cereals and pulses through PDS and 1CDS,
Lack of awareness to give due importance to the local edible species.
Lack of awareness towards means and methods of maintaining and
increasing the nutritive value of the food.
The focus was then shifted towards the prevalent deficiencies amongst women. The
group was divided into two sub groups. Each sub group was asked to present role-plays
on the social taboos and myths associated with the following stages in a woman’s life I)
Menstruation
ii)
Pregnancy and lactation
After the presentations the taboos and myths, which directly or indirectly affect
nutritional intake were discussed. To enable the participants to understand the impact of
such practices on women’s physical and mental health, the life cycle was divided into
five stages i)
0-5 years
ii)
iii)
5-12 years
iv)
18-45 years
v)
45 years and above
12-18 years
And various changes in the nutritional requirements of women during these stages and
their reasons were discussed. Thereafter the common deficiencies - Iron deficiency
Anemia, Calcium and Iodine deficiency were discussed along with its causes, signs and
symptoms, treatment and prevention. The emphasis was given to consuming the right
nutrition instead of taking tonics and pharmaceutical preparations.
9
n
SESSION FOUR: WATER, SANITATION AND HEALTH
Facilitator- Dr Manju Ahal
Explaining the importance of water in oui day-to-day lives the participants were asked to
enlist the sources of water and categorize them. The need for water in our daily life with
its variety of uses was listed and discussion was initiated on the quality of water required
for each activity. An exhaustive list of the causes and factors, which resulted in its
pollution, was developed. After the discussion the participants were asked to enlist
various means adopted by the masses to maintain the purity of water. The list was
classified into two categories:
1) Community efforts Maintenance of water sources •
Removing the macro impurities
•
Chlorinating, adding lime and neem leaves
•
Encouraging the community to use toilets instead of open-air defecation.
•
Waste disposal in soak pits.
•
Cementing the base and planning the out let of water from the hand pumps
Improving the structural designs
2) Individual efforts •
Using clean utensil with narrow opening for fetching and storing water.
•
Covering the utensil,
•
Clean hands,
•
Using ladle or any other vessel with a long handle to take out water and keeping
the vessel on the cover of the utensil.
•
•
Decanting the water or adding Alum to it
Boiling
The participants were asked to prepare a list of diseases resulting due to either
consumption of contaminated water or as a result of water, which provides an ideal
breading ground to the germs. The following list emerged
1. Diarrhea
2. Dysentery
3. Typhoid
4. Cholera
5. Jaundice
6. Malaria, Dangue
7. Worm infestation -
Hookworm
Thread worm
Tape worm
Round worm
io
••••
Day V (December 5th, 1999)
Facilitator- Dr Manju Alial
Morning session was started with the evaluation of the sessions conducted during the
previous day and the queries forwarded by the participants were also discussed.
The participants were divided into four sub groups and a ‘Quiz’ was conducted to initiate
a discussion on the water borne diseases listed the previous day. The questions were
focused around mode of infection, sign, symptom, treatment, precautions and prevention.
Two participants who were skilled in traditional medicine and practices were asked to
volunteer and conduct the sub session on the commonly prevalent health practices in the
rural communities. The participants from five districts of Himachal Pradesh pooled
together their experiences with traditional remedies and health practices for diarrhea,
vomiting, worm infestation and fever and formed a detailed list. (For the list see
Annexure-8)
During the evening session the participants were taken out to the field and the local
species of medicinal value were identified and their usage was discussed.
11
Day VI (December 6th, 1999)
SESSION FIVE: TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES
Facilitator- Dr Manju Ahal
Morning session was started with the evaluation of the sessions conducted duiing the
previous day. Participants expressed their inability to maintain record regarding the
herbal resource and its usage in different regions of Himachal, lherefore a detailed
presentation was made on the points to be included in the questionnaire and its relevance.
(For the format see Annexure-9)
The participants were divided into five groups as per the districts they represented. They
were asked to list the sequence in which the rural masses availed the services of various
health providers and the criterions for making such choices. Women took care ol most of
the prescribing and since the trends were shifting towards the other available remedies it
had adversely affected the moral and self-esteem of the women with respect to their
ability to provide health care. Burns, cuts, abrasions, boils, loose motion, vomiting,
stomach-ache, bone setting, bloodletting, fever, delivery, abortions, diseases ol the
private parts of men as well as women emerged to be the sort of problems for which the
first preference was given to house-hold remedies or local dais and vaidyas. Women
along with vaidyas, sairies, tangaris, pandits and lantriks provide relic! in dental pain,
migraine, snake-bite, dog bite,jaundice, epilepsy or fits/fainting spells, sookharog in
children and so on. People choose to visit a Hospital on priority in cases requiring
surgical interventions. While there is an informal code of preference followed in specific
types of problems, it is also a common practice to take house-hold medicines in the first
few days, if the condition does not improve then the doctor at the PHC or CHC is
consulted. If the patient does not respond to the treament given at this level the pandit or
tantrik is consulted. The District Hospitals are visited as the last resort and in a majority
of cases only after 25-30 days.
Women play a crucial role in the network of health providers not only while dealing with
the curative aspect of various diseases and disorders but also in the preventive aspect.
The discussion was then focused on the advantages of THHP and its impact on the status
of women.
SESSION SIX: MALARIA AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
Facilitator- Dr Manju Ahal
This session was conducted through a game in which the participants were asked to play
“passing the parcel" and the person who was holding the parcel when the music stopped
was asked to pick a slip. The slips had various symptoms and signs listed in them and the
participant had to answer if the following was correct or incorrect. By the end of the
session a list of symptoms and signs of malaria emerged which was used to initiate a
discussion on the preventive, curative and socio-economic impact of the disease. Special
reference was made to its affect on women’s health.
12
SESSION SEVEN: TUBERCULOSIS AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
Facilitator- Dr Manju Ahal
This session was conducted through the same game as in the previous session and the
person who was holding the parcel when the music stopped was asked to share
information on any aspect of Tuberculosis. The game went on till an exhaustive list of
signs, symptoms, prevention, precautions, treatment, and diagnostic measures of
Tuberculosis was evolved. Further one discussed its impact on women’s health,
specifically in the context of pregnancy, under nutrition and workload.
National TB Control Program, Revised TB Control Program and Directly Observed
Treatment (DOTS) were also shared with the participants.
I
13
leave him. Besides in a situation where a man decides to live with/marry such a woman
he is allowed to do so by paying some amount to her first husband.
After the lunch break the participants were dispersed into two groups of women and two
groups of men to discuss the situations given to each group in the form of themes.
Theme 1:
An unknown person rapes a girl
Theme 2:
Her cousin rapes a girl
Theme 3 :
A girl is raped by her fiance
Theme 4:
A ‘fast’ girl is raped
The participants were asked to give their views along with reasons on the following:
Who was responsible for this incident?
What were the precipitating factors?
In such a situation what should be the role of a social activist?
What should be the role of an Organization?
It turned out to be just a mental exercise as other than one organization none had a
background of involvement in cases of women and violence. The discussion was then
shifted to a presentation of a case study by the host organization and the procedure to be
followed in case of rape and the need for justice irrespective of the character of the girl/
woman in concern.
lhe participants were shown another Hindi movie ‘Damini’ and were asked to give their
responses the next morning.
15
Day VIII (December 8th, 1999)
Morning session was started with the review of previous day’s session and the responses
of the participants on the movie shown during the late evening session.
SESSION NINE: PANCHAYAT AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
Facilitator- Leela Devi
The discussion was initiated on the role of Panchayat. A game of cards was used to
involve the participants in the process of understanding the role of Panchayats. 1 he cards
were given to participants to write role of the Panchayats. The major roles that came out
were:
1.
Construction of school rooms, laying of roads
2.
Paving of pavements
3.
Conflict Resolution
After discussing, it was found that at present, Panchayats are busy with a development,
which involves use of cement, sand and gravels.
With this, the 73rd Amendment to our Constitution was explained in detail to the
participants and the major objective of this amendment was put forward as:
Panchayats are to become vehicle for Social Justice.
From this, the discussion was led to defining the meaning of Social Justice.
The participants were asked to list the areas of discrimination in the society.
The participants came out with following list:
•
Caste and creed
Sex
•
Region
•
Political party
•
Social status
•
Financial
The impact of this discrimination was discussed and was found that, certain
'opportunities’ were provided to 'certain’ groups or 'certain’ members of the
community. And thus discrimination is kept on in the Society/Community.
To develop a system, which doesn’t give space to such discrimination can be called
Social Justice.
At the same time, need to provide special spaces for the groups/ communities, which
were hitherto discriminated, are called 'positive discrimination’ or 'affirmative actions’.
For the Social Development of the whole of the community or groups, such 'affirmative
actions’ by the state is required and thus, the need to provide of'reservation’ in
Panchayati Raj Institutions.
From this, the discussion was led to involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutions in the
Social Sector i.e. Health, education, drinking water, social evils etc.
16
Participants immediately agreed that at present the Panchayats are not at all involved in
any aspect of social sector.
The conflict resolution is one of the major activity of Panchayats as HP Panchayati Raj
Act 1994 provides Judiciary Powers to Gram Panchayats.
The participants found that most of the time, when women complain against the
atrocities committed on her by her husband or in-laws, the Pradhan rarely provides
Justice to women or atleast, women see the action of Pradhans as no-justice .
Many women participants gave various examples of such an attitude not only amongst
the male Pradhans but also amongst the women Pradhans.
What is the impact of such Justice’ on women’s health? Was the next area of collective
enquiry.
It was found that, the woman who has been harassed by the husband or her in-laws,
when finds out that even the Pradhans are not taking her side, go more into depression.
Thus, the need for Gender Sensitive approach by the Panchayats was needed to
strengthen the mental health of women.
Some of the NGOs, which were involved in RH and Panchayati Raj Project, came out
with their experiences.
It was generally felt that the Panchayat leaders don’t feel any need to get involved in
improving the Health Services. The main reasons for this were:
•
Lack of awareness amongst the Panchayat Leaders
•
Lack of system where the Health Service Providers at village level are made
accountable to Panchayats
Heavy involvement in physical developmental activities and availability ol leal
money in such schemes; at the same time, non-availability of funds foi the social
sector.
What about the people, which sector -physical infrastructure or social sector -, is
preferred by them?
It was reported by the participants, whose organizations were working in RI1 and
Panchayats, that once the RH issues were raised in the village meetings, the attendance
of villagers especially of women, in such meetings increased. In general people prefen ed
that their Panchayat leaders take up the issues concerning health, drinking water and
quality of education.
The difference between the perception of'development’ between the Panchayats and
people has created, the participants agreed, a chasm.
•
The solution for bridging this chasm, was to create an environment through these Camps,
where the women develop their ability to motivate the Panchayats to look into the issues
concerning women’s health. And with this resolution, the session was concluded.
EVALUATION SESSION:
The participants were given an evaluation form to give their impressions and suggestions
about the workshop. Participant’s responses are summarized and given in Annexure-11
17
PART III
ANNEXURE-1
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS WITH ADDRESS
1.
Name of Organization
Name
Ram Chander Sharma “CARE”- Birla District Sirmour ( I I.P)
2.
Dr. Jai Gopal Joshi
“SARDHA” Kaffota District Sirmour (H.P)
3.
Renu Sharma
“SARDHA” Kaffota District Sirmour (H.P)
4.
Lal Chand Rathour
“SAVE” Sanj, Larji, District Kullu (H.P)
5.
Tikam Sharma
“SAVE” Sanj, Larji, District Kullu (H.P)
6.
Vandana Chauhan
“SAVE” Sanj, Larji, District Kullu (H.P)
7.
Anita Sharma
“SAVE” Sanj, Larji, District Kullu (H.P)
8.
Inder Singh
“SRDA” Thaltukhor District Mandi (H.P)
9.
Amit
“SRDA” Thaltukhor District Mandi (H.P)
10.
Keti Misa
“SRDA” Thaltukhor District Mandi (H.P)
11.
Hem Kali
“SRDA” Thaltukhor District Mandi (H.P)
12.
Manju
“PARA” Drahal District Mandi (H.P)___________
13.
Naresh Kumar
Himalya Bachao, Bhatiyat, District Chamba (H.P).
14.
Chaman Singh
Himalya Bachao, Bhatiyat, District Chamba (H.P)
15.
Desh Raj
Himalya Bachao, Bhatiyat, District Chamba (H.P)
16.
Keshav Chander
“RTDC” Rajgarh District Mandi H.P
17.
Indira
“RTDC” Rajgarh District Mandi H.P
18.
Durga Thapa
“SUTRA” Chhiachhi District Solan (H.P)
19.
Yamuna Sharma
“SUTRA” Nahan District Sirmour (H.P)
20.
Mohan Lal Sharma
“HJVSS” Darlaghat, District Solan (H.P).
21.
Leela Devi
“SUTRA” Jagjit Nagar District Solan (H.P)
22.
Yashoda Sharma
“SUTRA” Jagjit Nagar District Solan (H.P)
23.
Sarita Sharma
“SUTRA” Jagjit Nagar District Solan (H.P)
Sr.
Facilitators:
Subhash Mendhapurkar Director, SUTRA Jagjit Nagar
1.
2.
Sandhya Gautam “SUTRA” Jagjit Nagar
2.
Dr. Manju Ahal “Navrachna”
4.
Ms. Leela Devi
18
n
ANNEXURE-2
‘MY ROLE’-PRESENTATIONS
A) Two things, which are expected from her/ him by society, which he or she likes to do.
Presentations:
Sr.
Women
Men
01.
To give birth to a male child
To shoulder the responsibility of the family
02.
Marriage
To take care of the financial requirement of
the family
03.
Motherhood
To manage the outdoor activities other than
farming.
04.
Family life
To take one’s own decisions.
05.
To maintain family ‘honour’
To perform the duties expected from the
eldest son.
06.
To perform the household
chores
To participate in the village level decision
making.
07.
To serve the husband as one
would serve God*
To obey the decision of the parents.
*An unmarried activist expressed this.
B) Two things, which are expected from her/ him by society, which he or she does not
like to do.
Presentations:
Men
Sr.
Women
01.
To limit oneself with in the four To shoulder the responsibility of the
family.
walls of a house.
02.
Discrimination
menstruation.
03.
Caste discrimination.
Caste based division of work
04.
Lack of freedom / space to make
decisions.
Responsibility to make decisions.
05.
Lack of access to higher level of To take care of the
requirement of the family
information.
06.
To maintain the confidentiality of Unequal status of women
family matters.
07.
To follow the restrictions regarding To follow the restrictions regarding
communication with women.
communication with men.
during
19
Mandatory
functions.
participation
in
social
financial
• •
C) Two things that are not expected from her or him but he or she likes to do.
Presentations:
Men
Sr.
Women
01.
To openly talk about the Reproductive To respect the decisions taken by women
Organs and the associated problems.
To encourage the role of women in
decision making with in a family.
02.
To assist women in house hold chores.
03.
20
n
"&1
<r • 8
ANNEXURE-3 A
‘PEHCHAAN’-PRESENTATIONS
1. Can one identify the sex of a two month-old diaper clad baby?
Definitely not.
2. Can one identify the sex of a five yea-old diaper clad child?
Yes, in certain cases.
Characteristics:
1) Hair
2) Clothing
3) Language
4) Voice
3. Can one identify the sex of an eleven year-old child?
Yes, positively.
I
Characteristics:
1) Hair
2) Clothing
3) Language
4) Voice
5) Piercing of nose and car lobes
4. Can one identify the sex of an 18-year-old person through observation of day-to-day
activities?
Yes, positively.
Characteristics:
1) Hair
2) Clothing (Culturally imposed covering of breast region with a Duppatta)
3) Language
4) Voice
5) Piercing of nose and ear lobe
6) Division of work (Out door and in-door activities)
7) Nutrition (Eating last, least and leftovers)
8) ‘Bindi’ & vermilion
9) Change in body language
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21
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ANNEXURE-3 B
IMPACT OF PAHCHAAN’ - PRESENTATION
IMPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
01.
Nutrition
-Short stature
(Eating last, least and leftover)
-Low body weight
-Anemia
-Poor reproductive health
-Poor physical development
-Low immunity
-Problems due to consumption of
stale food
02.
-Infections
Bindi - Sindoor
-Indicator of marital status
03.
-Time consuming grooming
Long hair
-Gives a good grip during physical
abuse/ assault
04.
-Increased chances of accidents
Dress code
-Mental depression
-Impact on the body language
-Adverse affect on posture
-Mobility
-Shame
-Consciousness towards protecting
ones honor
05.
-Low selfesteem
Menstrual discrimination
-Mental tension
-Mental depression
-Caged up feeling
-Suppression of wishes
06.
-Pain
Piercing of nose and ear lobe
-Beautification
-Identity
-Infections
-Increased
snatching
22
chances
of
jewelry
07.
-Physical weakness
Division of labor/ Work
-Increased mental pressure
-Means to confirm and maintain the
dominance of men
-Confinement
-Over burden of work on women
08.
09.
Customs
-Low self esteem
(Washing the feet of the guests)
-Lower status of women
Body language
-mental depression
-Adverse affect on health
23
ANNEXURE-4
TIGER AND GOAT: RESPONSES
Questions posed to the ‘Tiger’
1. What efforts did he make to catch the goat?
•
Tried to locate a weak spot
•
Pressurised the people in the circle to make way
•
Tried to find friends in the circle
•
Jumped over the circle
2. What was his feeling when he caught the goat?
•
Sense of accomplishment
•
Powerful
3. What were her feelings when she failed to catch the goat?
•
Grudge - the participants in the circle had suddenly changed their strategy
therefore even though she had managed to negotiate her way in she was
cordoned off by the other participants.
•
Disappointment
Questions posed to the ‘Goat’
1.
What efforts did she make to defend herself?
•
2.
3.
Nothing - Had total faith on the participants forming the circle
What were her feelings when the tiger caught her?
•
Shock
•
Helplessness
•
Disappointment - the society could not protect her from one tiger
What were her feelings when the tiger failed to catch her?
•
Reassured (as she had already assessed the physical capabilities of the girl
who was chosen to play the role of tiger the second time and the society had
become more active)
Questions posed to the People in the circle:
1.
Why were they not successful in saving the goat the first time?
•
The participants had formed the circle without assessing the weak spots
•
There was no clear cut strategy, only defensive action was planned
•
There was no communication within the group on change of action plans in
case of emergency
24
2.
What strategy did they use to save the goat the second time?
•
t he chain was formed with men and women in alternate positions
•
The group had gone through the experience once therefore it was more tuned
to the idea of defending the ‘goat’
•
The group was able to communicate better and change the strategy at the last
moment.
25
ANNEXURE-5
LIST OF THE ACTIVIES PERFORMED BY MEN AND WOMEN IN THEIR
DAY-TO-DAY LIFE:
MEN
WOMEN
Day to day:
Day to day:
•
Chopping fire wood
•
Cooking (2 to3 family meals in a day)
•
9 to 5 Jobs with lunch break or
relaxing time up to 1 to 1 ‘/z hours - Wage labor
•
Washing utensils (min. twice a day
mostly with cold water and ash)
•
Sweeping and mopping
-Office work
•
Collecting fuel wood and fodder (some
minor forest produce in specific areas)
•
Taking care of the cattle- Fodder, water,
milking, cleaning the cowshed
and disposal of cow-dung (normally
away from the house or in the fields)
•
Fetching buckets loads of water for
household needs
•
Washing and ironing clothes of the
house hold
•
Miscellaneous repair and maintenance
work
•
Taking care of old folks and children
Seasonal work:
Seasonal work:
•
Ploughing the fields
•
Leveling of field
•
Sowing seeds
•
•
Feeding the oxen during ploughing
season
Planting Rice (standing for long hours in
mud and water)
•
Weeding and manuring
Selling of crop
•
Reaping and transportation of head
loads of crop
•
Processing, sorting and packing of crops
•
Note: The activities taken up by men and women to maintain personal hygiene were not
included in the list.
26
ANNEXURE-6
LIST OF FOOD ITEMS IN LOCAL DIET
CEREALS
TUBERS
Wheat
Potato
Maize
4 J am in kand'
Rice
‘Arbi’
‘Kachaloo’
PULSES
Ginger
Regular
Onion
Garlic
GREEN VEGETABLES
GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES
Spinach
Mungre
Mustard
‘Lasoode’
‘Bathoa’
‘Dheun’
‘Cholai’
‘Kagu’
‘Lingad’
Bitter gourd
‘Kunkowa’ (Bichoo booti)
Tomatoes
‘Jhown’
Pumpkin
‘Malora’
Mushrooms
Cabbage
WILD FRUITS
Cauliflower
Amla
Lady-finger
Lemon
‘KashmaP
FRUITS
‘Jamun’
Mango
‘KaffaP
Banana
‘TimaP
Apple
‘Kainth’
Orange
Berries
Apricot
Grapes
DAIRY PRODUCTS
Papaya
Butter
Peach
Milk
Pomegranate
27
Curd
Plum
Whey
Guava
Ghee
Cheese
Dry fruits and nuts
Pear
‘Anjeer’
NON VEG
Meat
OTHERS
Fish
Sugar
Egg
Chicken
Oils
Jaggery
28
ANNEXURE-7
LIST OF MEANS AND METHODS OF INCREASING/PRESERVING THE
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FOOD
•
Germinating pulses.
•
Using whole Hour for making ‘chapatis’.
•
Washing/rinsing vegetables before chopping.
•
Removing thin peels or not removing the peels at all.
•
Using optimum quantity of water for cooking the vegetables.
•
Consuming vegetables while they are still fresh.
•
Cooking the vegetables in closed pans and in low flame.
•
Reducing the number of times the vegetables are reheated before
consumption.
•
Cooking in iron pans.
•
Consuming the vegetables in raw form.
•
Washing/rinsing rice not more than twice.
•
Not wasting the starch while cooking rice - using it in cooking some other
dish or cooking rice in just-enough quantity of water.
•
Including sour/ ingredients rich in Vit. C in our iron rich food items.
29
ANNEXURE-8
LIST OF TRADITIONAL REMEDIES AND HEALTH PRACTICES
DIARRHOEA
•
Powder of ‘Dhaye’ flowers with butter milk
.
Chutney made up of ‘Burash’ flowers and ‘ Daddu’
.
Powdered ‘Daddu’ peels or sucking the peels of ‘Daddu’
•
Juice or chutney made up of onion and mint leaves
•
Black tea with lemon juice
•
•
Powdered seeds of greater cardamom
Partially roasted and powdered ‘Meethi Sounf with Mishn or with
•
fleased husks.
Increasing the intake of curd and butter milk/ lassi
•
Pulp of immature ‘Bil’ with cold water
•
Seeds of Touch-me-not
•
•
‘Methi’ with sugar
Equal parts of unripe mango seed-core, ‘Sounf, ‘Mishn , ripe Bil
giri
giri’’ and
and ‘‘Bihi
Bihi Dana
Dana’’ l/5
1/5 lh of the total quantity ol the above mentioned
ingredients. Crush and make ‘halowa’ in pure ghee.
.
Unripe mango seed-core, ‘Banafsha’ flowers, ‘Burash’ flowers.
‘Kashmal’ flowers, ’ripe Bil giri’ and ‘Jaiphal .
LOOSE MOTIONS
• ‘Chuhara’ and ‘Jaiphal’ paste (specifically used for children and
infants).
•
‘Poste’ paste.
•
•
‘Jamun’ bark with non-boiled milk.
To lime add 12 times water, decant it and add ‘Mishri’ to it. Give upto
10 drops to children.
VOMITING
.
Onion, mint, ‘anar dana’ or lemon juice with ginger extract
•
Lime water
•
Honey, lemon juice and ginger extract
•
Black tea with lemon juice
•
Small quantity of opium
.
Roasted ‘jeera’ powder and black pepper powder
•
Taking ‘Sainchar’ or ‘Sambhar’ salt with citrus fruits
30
FEVER
•
‘Pitt papra’, ‘Chirayata’ and ‘Neem Chaal
•
‘Kadu’ and ‘Patish’
•
‘Banafsha’ or ‘gucchi’ decoction
•
Cold sponging
WORM INFESTATION
•
‘Kaamla’ fruit dust with jaggery
•
‘ Ajowain’ with curd
31
;,yM- WO
0827E W
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ANNEXURE-9
THHP DOCUMENTATION FORMAT
Date
1.
LOCAL NAME:
2.
BOTANICALNAME:
3.
DESCRIPTION:
4.
WHERE IT IS FOUND:
5.
PART USED:
6.
QUANTITY USED:
7.
DETAILED PREPARATION METHOD:
8.
DOSAGE:
9.
PROPERTIES:
10.
SYMPTOMS:
11.
PERSON WHO GAVE THE INFORMATION WITH ADDRESS:
12.
PERSON WHO ESTABLISHED THE INFORMATION SHEET:
32
ANNEXURE-10
LISTING OF VARIOUS FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Age group: 0-5 years
STAGE
FORM
REASON
Foetal stage
Female foeticide
Male dominance and preference
Lack of adequate nutrition Low self-esteem
through mother
Religious and cultural beliefs
Lifting heavy weights
Impact of media
Lack of rest
Poor health status of mother
Neonatal stage
Inadequate care,
medical attention
Child
Division of work
nutrition,
Differential diet
Differential games
Rape, molestation, abuse
Taking care
children
of
younger
Differential dress code
Education opportunities
Age group: 6-12 years
TYPE
FORM
REASON/BELIEFS
Mental
Differential diet
She tends to mature faster with good
diet
Fewer opportunities for
education
She is considered to be a ‘paraya
dhan’
Pressures
Common belief that otherwise the
daughters tend to stray
Over work
Preparing her for the responsibilities
she has to shoulder after marriage
Eve-teasing, molestation,
rape
Due to poor background, beauty
Lower educational status
Finding a match becomes difficult and
it is difficult for such girls to adjust in
Social
33
'Al
• •
the new family
Financial
No control or role in
decision making regarding
financial matters
She should focus only on the kitchen
and the other house hold chores
Physical
Battering
To control her and thus maintain ones
family honour
Rape
Physical changes, beauty, lust
Age group: 13-18 years
Age group: 13-18 years
TYPE
FORM
REASON/BELIEFS
Physical
Battering, Scolding,
molestation/physical
exploitation at school
To control her and thus maintain the
family honour, for late coming from
school, participation in extra curricular
activities, eve teasing
Mental
Fear, Worry, shame
While going to or coming back from
marriage, mela, Ratri Jagrata, college.
School
Social
Battering, abusing, bad
name or defaming, blaming
When she goes out of home, in village,
talks openly and confidently, dowry
Financial
No control or role in
decision making regarding
financial matters, to take
away the earning
Lack of understanding in family,
control of men over resources
Political
Not allowed to participate in
politics
Family and social pressure
Intellectual
Fewer opportunities for
education and training
Conservative views
34
Age group: 19-45 years
TYPE
Social
Physical
Mental
Financial
FORM___________________________
Fewer opportunities for education,
marriage against her wish/will, Reel
Pratha*, Polyandry, Pressure for
producing children specially male child
Discrimination regarding diet and Medical
care or seeking treatment, Anaemia,
Problems during menopause, to use
methods for family planning, battering by
drunkard husband
Over load of house chores and agricultuic
work, to obey traditions/ customs,
restriction on movements, to defame or
declare Daag, Vishyari*, lower status to
divorced women and widow
No control over financial resources, no
participation in decision making in
household matters
* In trans Giri area of District Sirmour
35
REASONS/BELIEFS
To strengthen and
perpetuate low sell
esteem
Age group : 45 years and above
TYPE
Physical
Mental
FORM_____________
Battering, to force for work by
son and daughter in law, lack of
nutritious diet, no proper medical
care if fallen ill
To harass by family, to feel
sleepless
Social
To discourage or to pressurise her
to do any work
Financial
No control over the financial
resources and property
Not allowed to get rights, no
permission to participate in
politics.
Political
36
REASONS/BELIEFS________
When she could not complete
the work given to her. Daughter
in law wants to prove her power
Sleeplessness due to weakness.
Tortured by family, worried
about her future_____________
To consider her fool by new
generation, to disrespect her or
abuse the widow. Over load of
houschoId chores
Husband or son has the control
over financial resources/property
No control over resources.
Unchallengeable and ultimate
decision by men in family
Wi
ANNEXURE-10
SUMMARY OF EVALUATION
How would you apply the understanding that you have developed regarding gender and
equity in your personal life?
•
Providing equal opportunities of education to my :son and daughter
•
Division of work
•
Providing adequate diet to both, son and daughter
•
Sensitizing co-workers
•
Helping my spouse in house-hold work
•
Reducing financial control over my spouse
Which aspect of each session did you like the most, and your suggestions to make these
sessions better?
SESSION -1
GENDER AND EQUITY
•
The discussion on the difference between sex and gender
SESSION-2
WORK AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
•
The impact of day to day work on women’s health
•
The methodology and approach
•
Discussion on division of work
SUGGESTIONS
•
Audio visual aid can be used
•
Demonstration of other cures through Yoga
SESSION - 3
NUTRITION AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
•
Discussion on balanced diet
•
The reasons why one is not able to take nutritious diet
•
The direct and indirect impact of poor diet on a woman’s health
•
Nutrition through wild and local varieties of vegetables and fruits
SESSION - 4
WATER, SANITATION AND HEALTH
•
Diseases and their house hold remedies
•
The use of games to built an understanding of the disease
•
Information on worms and other diseases
37
SESSION - 5
TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES
•
Discussion on house hold remedies
SUGGESTIONS
•
Field trip for identification and sharing of specific usage of herbs.
SESSION - 6 & 7
MALARIA, TUBERCULOSIS AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
•
The detailed discussion was very enlightening
•
The use of games to built an understanding of the disease
SESSION - 8
VIOLENCE AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
•
Classification of various types of violence inflicted upon women
•
The entire session had a deep impact
SESSION - 9
PANCHAYAT AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
•
Role of Panchayat as a provider of health services, education and social justice
While working in the field of Women’s Health which aspect would you give priority to
and why?
•
Nutrition and Women’s Health - as this affects their health the most.
•
Impact of day-to-day work on women’s health.
•
Violence and women’s health
•
Traditional health practices
•
Enabling women to voice their concerns and initiate a discussion on health issues
Do you have any suggestions for the oncoming workshop on Reproductive Health?
•
Usage of Films and Documentaries
•
Usage of Posters and Charts
•
Adequate time and environment for discussions
•
Adequate discussion on the subject with respect to women as well as men
38
Position: 1842 (2 views)