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BECAUSE OF
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HiFqvuFd HcHihI
J
ATIONAL
CONFERENCE
on "Antioxidants & Free Radicals in Health-Nutrition
& Radio-protectors" and
IV Annual Conference of the Society for Free Radical
Research in India (SFRR)
ST JOSEPH
■lutWar
10,h-12lh January-2005
Under the Aegis of SFRR-lndia/Asia & in
Collaboration with International Society
for Free Radical Research
St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560034 INDIA. E-mail: conference@sjmc-sfrr.org Website: www.sjmc-sfrr.org
09593
LECTURE
PREVIEW
lecture
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Phone : 553 15 18 / 552 53 72
e-mail : chc@sochara.org
IPLEX
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
on
“Antioxidants & Free Radicals in Health-Nutrition & Radio-protectors”
and
IV Annual Conference of Society for
Free Radical Research in India (SFRR)
10-12'" January 2005
St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore
The Organizing Commitee welcomes delegates to the
Conference and acknowledges the following
for their generous support
SPONSORS :
♦ SFRR INTERNATIONAL ♦UNESCO MCBM ♦MEDICALCOUNC1LOF INDIA (MCI)
♦ BOARD OF NUCLEAR SCIENCES RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY.
♦INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (ICMR) NEW DELHI.
♦COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTIRAL RESEARCH (CSIR) new delhi.
♦ ATOMIC ENERGY REGULATORY BOARD (AERB)
♦DEFENCE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION (DRDO) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE.
♦ RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES (RGUHS) BANGALORE.
♦M.S. RAMAIAH MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITALS, bangalore
♦ BECTON DICKINSON INDIA PVT. LIMITED. ♦ A PL RESEARCH CENTRE.
♦RANDOX LABORATORIES INDIA LIMITED. ♦LAILA IMPEX. ♦ VIJAY,\ DIAGNOSTICS, Hyderabad
♦AQUAMALL WATER SOLUTIONS LIMITED, bangalore.
♦ACCUREX BIOMEDICALS PVT. LTD, MUMBAL
SUPPORTERS :
♦ ANAND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY, BANGALORE. ♦BAYER DIAGNOSTICS, BANGALORE.
♦ BIOCIIEM DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY, MYSORE. ♦CARE HOSPITALS, Hyderabad.
♦ CENTRAL LAB, BANGALORE. ♦DECCAN DIAGNOSTIC & RESEARCH CENTER ♦EHRLICH LABORATORY PVT. LTD, CHENNAI.
♦ FILTREX INDIA PVT. LTD, BANGALORE. ♦HINDUSTAN COCA COLA BEVERAGES, BANGALORE.
♦JOHNSON & JOHNSON ♦LISTER METROPOLIS CLINICAL LABORATORY, CHENNAI.
♦ MC. DOWELL, BANGALORE. ♦MED1LAB, COCHIN.
♦NPIL& DR. PIIADKEY'S PATHOLOGY LA BORATORY AND INFERTILITY CENTRE PVT LTD, MUMBAL
♦ R V DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY, BANGALORE.
♦SECUNDERABAD DIAGNOSTIC & RESEARCH CENTRE, SECUNDERABAD.
♦TRIV1TRON DIAGNOSTICS PVT LI D, CHENNAI. ♦UB LIMITED, BANGALORE.
Organized by:
St. John’s Medical College
St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences
Bangalore 560034, India
k RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
(DearDelegates.
“'Wish you a very Happy2005 ”
J? Hearty welcome to this beautifulcampus ofSt John's (MedicalCollege,
which is hosting the IntemationalConference on Antioxidants e£ Tree
(Radicals in (Health (Nutrition e£ (Rgdioprotectors and the 11/Annual
Conference of the Societyfor Tree (Radical (Research in India (STRR).
The theme of the (Meet is “A radicalview ofantioxidants- destination
India
The response to this conference has been overwhelming andwe are very
fortunate to get some outstanding scientists to be with us. A worRshop
on “Assuring Quality Research 'Data through accreditation" is being
heldon the 9'" January conducted by (DrNjinagasabapatfiy, considered
as Cjuruofquality controlin India. TdiisworRshop, jointly sponsoredby
Randox and the Councilfor Scientific and Industrial Research, is
expected to sensitize the young and middle level researchers on the
importance ofquality assurance in research.
Over the next three days we have afeast ofscientific deliberations. 'We
are extremely fortunate to have the hey note address by
(professor Tl ‘YosliRgwa. (Diabetes melRtus is afflicting many people
world-wide and India is no exception. Professor TbshiRgwa's address
should throw light on several aspects of this dreadful disorder. After
diabetes melRtus it is the heart attacR^which hits the young adult.
(professor (B.(M.(Hegde, one of our leading clinicians, readily agreed to
deliver the STRRRpration.
'We are indeedfortunate to have several scientists, from all over the
world who are participating in the conference. The total number of
invited speaRers is 151 out of which 45 arefrom outside India. In all
more than 600participants are attending this conference.
Prof. Thuppil Venkatesh
Organizing Secretary
'We could maRe it possible mainly due to the total support and co
operation of St John's (National Academy of (Health Sciences, The
Society for Tree Radical (Research (STRR) India. The inputs of
(DrT.tP.A Devasagayam andhis team were indispensable.'Without the
secretarialassistance of(Dr'Rgopa, (DrRgvi'Kjsliore, (Mr(N.<Pra6haRar
and (Mr (M.(B.rKgdam it would have been impossible to bring out this
booR^ in time. 'We arc also indebted to all the staff members of the
department of(Biochemistry and(Biophysicsfor their help andsupport.
We hope that all of you will taRe 6acR< pleasant memories from
Prof. C. V. Anand
(Bangalore.
Chairman of Scientific
Committee
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
on
“Antioxidants & Free Radicals in Health-Nutrition & Radio-protectors”
and
IV Annual Conference of Society for
Free Radical Research in India (SFRR)
10-12 ” January 2005
St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore
Chief Patron:
Rev. Fr.Dr.Thomas Kalam
Director, SJNAHS
Patrons:
Rev.Fr.Sebastian
Rev.Fr.Linus Neli
Mary Ollapally
Anura Kurpad
Chairperson:
Prem Pais, Dean, SJMC
Chairperson pre-conference workshop:
A.S. Kanagasabapathy
Organizing Secretary:
Thuppil Venkatesh
Chairman Scientific committee:
C.V.Anand
Co-organizing Secretary:
B. V. Venkataraman
Corporate Liaison:
Raghunath T. N.
Jt. Organizing Secretary:
Anita R. Bijoor
Treasurer:
Anitha Dcvanath
Conference Secretariat:
Office Co-ordinators:
Roopa N.
Ravi Kishore
Support & Logistics:
G. Somashekarappa
Office Managerial staff:
Prabhakar N. Nayak
M.B. Kadant
Publications:
S. Muralidharan
Sheila Uthappa
Geraldine Menezes
J ay a Kumari
Vinod George
Alka Singh
K.C. Vasudha
Justin V G
Radhika K
Herman Sunil Dsouza
V. Balasubramanyam,
Isha Garg
Thirunavukkarasu L
A.M. Mhaskar
Ajit Kumar Roy
C.S. Manjoo
K. Srinivasan
Geetha Chary
K. L. Suresh Kumar
Anand Raju R
Sayee Rajnangam
Karuna R. Kumar
Girija Singh
Kshma Kilpadi
Swama Rekha Bhat
S.V.Srikrishna
Elizabeth J
N.Rajagopalan
D.D. James
R E. Mathew
Sandhya T. Avadhany
Ragini Macaden
Mabel Vasnaik
S.S. Iyengar
Ashley L. J. D'Cruz
Ashish K. Chand
A. Mohan
Kurian Zachariah
P. T. Joseph
Sylvester Joseph
Chanda Kulkarni
Dara S. Amar
L. N. Mohan
Abraham Koshi
Babu Philip
Vijay T M. Joseph
Gokulnath
Geeta Amritrao Kale
Thomas Joseph
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Society for Free Radical Research India (SFRR-India)
C/O Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Mumbai 400 085, India
-Honorary Patrons
Dr. Anil Kakodkar
Dr. K.G. Nair
Dr. N.K. Ganguly
Dr. T. Ramasarma
Dr. J.P. Mittal
Executive Committee
Dr. R. D. Lele
President
Dr. K. P. Mishra
Vice President
Dr. R. B. Singh
Vice President
Dr. T. P. A. Devasagayam
Secretary General
Dr. S. Adhikari
Treasurer
Dr. A. A. Mahdi
Joint Secretary
E.C. Members
Dr. Hari Mohan
Dr. (Ms.) Indu Paul Kaur
Dr. R. K. Singh
Dr. H. S. Palep
Dr. K.A. Balasubramanian
Dr. (Ms.) Poonam Kakkar
Dr. A. B. Vaidya
Dr. B. B. Panda
Dr. B. S. M. Rao
Dr. V. P. Menon
Dr. K. L. Khanduja
Dr. G. B. N. Chainy
Co-opted members
Dr. Ashok Kumar
Local Advisory Committee:
G. V. Honnappa,
A. Nirmal Kumar
V. Ramakrishna
R. Premarathna
B. M. Rudresha
H. V. Shetty
K. L. Mahadevappa
A.R. Aroor
Rajni Agarwal
Hemalatha
Sowbagyalakshmi
S. R. Gurumurthy
H. Geetha
Sudhakar Nayak
V. Govindaraj
Vivian D'souza
H. S. Virupaksha
M. V. Kamath
Nagaraj
Diwakar
M. N. Subash
Taranath Shetty
M. V. Kodliwadmath
A.V. Kutty
Usha Anand
Sundara Devi
Website: Organized by: Punkaj Tanwar
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
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Proceddings of
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
on “Antioxidants & Free Radicals in
Health-Nutrition & Radio-protectors”and
IV Annual Conference of Society for
Free Radical Research in India (SFRR)
In
Memory of the
Tsunami Victims
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Chief Patron:
Rev. Fr.Dr.Thomas Kalam
Director. SJNAHS
Patrons:
Rev.Fr.Sebastian
Rev.Fr.Linus Noli
Mary Ollapally
Anura Kurpad
Chairperson:
Prom Pais, Dean, SJMC
Chairperson pre-conference workshop:
A.S. Kanagasabapathy
Organizing Secretary:
Thuppil Vcnkatcsh
Chairman Scientific committee:
C.V.Anand
Co-organizing Secretary:
B. V. Vcnkataraman
Corporate Liaison :
Raghunath T. N.
Jt. Organizing Secretary:
Anita R. Bijoor
Treasurer:
Anitha Devanath
Conference Secretariat:
Office Co-ordinators:
Roopa N.
Ravi Kishore
Support & Logistics:
G. Somashekarappa
Office Managerial staff:
Prabhakar N. Nayak
M.B. Kadam
Publications:
S. Muralidharan
pl!
8
DearDelegates,
Cordially I would tike to welcome you to St. John's national
Academy of Health Sciences, (Bangalore for the International
Conference on Antioxidants and dree Radicals and the Annual
Conference of the Society for dree (Radical (Research in India!
These two conferences promote the veiy ideal enshrined in the
motto of St. John's: "He shad live because of me. "One of our
(Departments which is translating this motto into
practice in letter andspirit is the (Biochemistry Department under
the leadership ofDr. d’enhgtesh. (Ensuring the health ofpresent
andfuture generations is the greatest service that health care
Institutions andprofessionals can render to humanity, insteadof
just taking care of the victims of an unhealthy environment and
life style. Happy to note that participants of these Conferences
are involvedin both basic andappliedmedicalresearch to improve
the quality of life by bringing about clinical and nutritional
interventions. The age-oldassociation that India has with herbal
medicinal practices should provide an ideal context for the
deliberations ofthese Conferences. lam happy that St. John's has
been chosen as the venue for this globally important meeting of
Chief Patron
conference
organzing Committee
leading scientists in thefield. ‘Wishing that the outcome of the
Conferences will make the common man's life brighter in the
future,
Rev. Fr. Dr. Thomas Kalam
Director SJNAHS
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
'S/ir india has made tremendous progress in recent
years in both
science and education
by sponsoring
conferences in india. At these conferences the indian
scientific community and other scholars from international
destinations have had the opportunity to exchange
information,make friendships,
establish scientific
cooperation whichhas advanced the field of free radical
research, oxygen biology, agricultural and biomedical
applications. This field, ofresearch continues to be important
for severalE reasons. These are that the science isinteresting
and important for the human welfare and that research in
this field of knowledge is rapidly moving forward my
congratulations to sfrr india for their past and future efforts
and look forward to the success of the january2005
conference
Lester packer, past president
Professor Lester Packer
Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology
School of Pharmacy
University of Southern California
1985 Zonal Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121
Tel.: +1 (323)442 3355
Fax:+1 (323) 224 7473
E-mail: packer@usc.edu
E-mail: packer@socrates.berkeley.edu
Lester packer
University of
Southern California
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Message from President, SFRR-India
/4.s President of the Society for Free Radical
Research, India, I warmly welcome all the delegates of the
“International Conference on
'Antioxidants and Free
Radicals in Health, Nutrition and Radio-protectors”and the
IV Annual Conference of SFRR-India, to be held at the St.
John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore.
Antioxidants that keep free radicals in check and are shown
to protect from diseased conditions form an important
strategy in preventive medicine and human nutrition as well
as in radioproleclion. Our country has a rich tradition of
oriental medicine in the form of Ayurveda, which contains
wealth of information on medicinal plants with potent
antioxidant and other therapeutic properties. This will be of
interest to all those who are attending this conference and
working in the area offree radicals and antioxidants. I wish
the delegates to have a highly fruitful and scientifically
rewarding lime at this international meeting, which has
Padma Bhushan
Dr. R.D. Lele
attracted participantsfrom over 20 countries.
president, SFRR - India
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
/ am happy to write a message for the book of
abstracts of the scientific papers to be presented at the
International conference on Antioxidants and Free Radicals
in Health, Nutrition and Radio-Protectors to beheld in St.
John's National Academy of health Sciences from January
10-12, 2005. The conference which deals with basic science
research in an area of great relevance to the better
understanding of the pathogenesis of a large number of
conditions both for good and harm. The conference has
attracted a host of eminent scientists and researcher from
around the world. I am sure that the talks, paper presentation
and ensuing discussions will go a long way to further
knowledge in thisfield and lead to improvement in health of
all people.
4s chairperson of the Organizing Committee I welcome all
delegates to the conference and hope that your stay will be
pleasant, enjoyable andfruitful.
DR. PREM PAIS, MD
DEAN
St. John's Medical
College
A RADICAL VIEW OF AN! IOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Message from Secretary-General, SFRR-India
1
warmly welcome all the delegates ofthe IV Annual
Conference of SFRR-India
and the
International Conference on
'Antioxidants and Free
accompanying
Radicals in Health, Nutrition and Radio-prolectors”. This
new branch of SFRR-Asia had beenformed just 4 years back
with help and support from its parent societies, SFRR-Asia
and SFRR-Intemational. The main objective ofthis society is
to promote interaction between basic scientists and clinicians
from within India and abroad. With this in view, our society
has organized 3 international conferences, and the 4"‘ one is
being organized in Bangalore. Like the earlier conferences,
this one also has received a tremendous response from
scientists from many different backgrounds coming from
many stales in India and several countries spread all over the
globe. 1 request the delegates to gi ve their best efforts for the
success of this conference as well as our society. Another
major activity of our society is the publication of the SFRRIndia Bulletin. I also request the delegates to contribute their
arlicles/tidbils/interesting information for the success of this
journal. Finally I appeal to the delegates that they may
utilize the friendships formed during the conference for the
betterment of science and for the well-being of the human
Dr. T.RA. Devasagayam
beings, especially the poor and the down-hodden.
Secretary-General
SFRR INDIA
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
GENERAL information
Approach to the main auditorium is
surrounded by lush green ambience
The Conference Secretariat is located in the
department of Biochemistry & Biophysics on
the 2"'1 floor of the Medical College building
(Robert Koch Bhavan)
Delegates can contact the Secretariat on any of
the following telephone numbers for help and
assistance:
Office of the Organizing Secretary' 080-2206
5058 / 2206 5050 / 255023411 Residence of the
Organizing Secretary 25532146.
St. John's National Academy of Health
Sciences main auditorium where the
conference will be held
The International Conference on “Antioxidants
& Free Radicals in Health Nutrition & radio
protectors” and the IV Annual Conference of
the Society for Free Radical Research in India
(SFRR) is being held at the Auditorium
complex of St. John's National Academy of
Health Sciences, John Nagara in Bangalore.
Safe Drinking water
Safe drinking water is made available by the
Aqua Guard of Eureka Forbes at several places
in the conference venue. Every delegate is also
provided with drinking water bottles in the
delegate bags.
Conference sessions are held in the first floor
of the auditorium
The venue is situated amidst thick greenery and
natural surroundings. Ideally located just
minutes away from St. John's Medical College
and the Hospital are only 15-20 minutes drive
from the Bangalore International Airport.
Situated in an area of over 100 hectares of land
has amenities such as post office, bank,
telecommunication centers, canteen, guest
house and Internet browsing centre.
Conference theme
“A Radical view ofAntioxidanlsDestination India ”
Main entrance to the SJMCH
Conference sessions are arranged in the
SJNAHS auditorium complex located in the
eastern side of the campus. The main
auditorium has a seating capacity of 1200 with
latest technology of acoustics and lighting
facilities. Two auxiliary conference halls with a
maximum capacity of 100 each is housed on the
first floor of the auditorium. All sessions will be
held at the above halls which is equipped with
multimedia audiovisual facilities.
Message board
Conveniently located close to the registration
desk is the place where you may check for
messages. Please advise potential callers to
contact the registration desk.
People with special needs.
Internet cafe
Every effort has been made to ensure people
with special needs are catered to. Should you
require any special assistance please contact the
staff on duty at the registration desk on your
arrival, to make your stay in Bangalore a
pleasant and comfortable experience.
For your convenience the internet browsing
centre is located behind the Zablocki learning
centre (Library block). Registered delegates
with their identity badges will have free access
to the centre.
Coffee and Tea will be available throughout the
conference hours outside the main hall.
Simple and clean accommodation is
arranged to delegates.
Institute of Population Research Guest
house
Canteen is located close to the hospital
annexe
Business Centre
All delegates can have access to the Fax,
photocopying, telephone, computer and poster
support materials which will be made available
on payment of nominal charges at the business
centre located in the 1" floor of the auditorium.
Facilities for making long distance calls are also
available at the STC /ISO booths located at
many places as indicated in the enclosed layout
of the campus.
Name badges
Please wear your conference delegate badge at
all times as it is your entry to sessions and for
meals. Name badges in utility pouch is
provided
Registration Desk
Located in the foyer of the auditorium
Registration will begin in the evening of
Sunday the January 9'“. Application forms for
the SFRR (India) membership will be available
at this venue.
*. m r
t. '■
Public call booths are located in the campus
at many places.
“A Radical view ofAntioxidants
Destination India"
Another entrance to the auditorium
Associate meetings
Conference Industry Exhibition
Pre-conference work-shop on QC and
Accreditation session will be held in the
Cardinal Gracias Hall located in the east wing
of the Robert Koch Bhavan, on Sunday the 9"‘
January 2005.
State of the art Laboratory Technology is the
main theme of the exhibition. Stalls will be kept
open during the days of the conference.
Accommodation is at hospital annex to
student delegates
Robert Koch Bhavan
Venue for the Pre Conference work-shop
Parking
Facilities for four & two wheelers are available.
Security
There will be 24 hour watch and ward at the
conference venue.
u- 0
..IXJ
„ca
Work-Shop will be conducted by Dr A S
Kanagasabapathy, authority in India on the
Clinical Chemistry Quality Control Program, is
Consultant and Technical Committee member
ofthe National Accreditation Board for Testing
and Calibration of Laboratories, Government
oflndia.
Registration. IV/iat is included?
Photograph
♦ Attendance to al I the scientific sessions
Photographs of various events will be available at
the photo desk. All delegates are required to
assemble during the morning tea break on Tuesday
the 11“ January in front of the auditorium.
♦ Participation and visits to industry
exhibition
♦ Breakfast round table sessions
♦ Tea
ai
Tour information
♦ Lunch
Local tours can be undertaken. A desk will be
functional providing the required information and
registration and reservations for various tours
mentioned in the conference second circular.
Information can be had in our web site www.simcsfrr.org
♦ Cultural events
♦ Banquet/Dinner
Not included forlhc pre-conference workshop.
A ccotnpanying persons I associate delegate are
welcome to attend social events, lunch, banquet
and dinner.
■£
—rfS
Social events on Monday the 10'" January 2005
J*
—«sa
Amphitheater at the hack of the auditorium
1.
Inaugural function commences at 0915 H
in the main auditorium. Everybody should
be seated by 0900 11. Dress code is
formal.
2.
Official Inauguration by Professor T
Yoshikawa, President of SFRR
(International).
3.
Welcome reception. A taste of local
Karnataka ethnic food from different parts
ofthe state.
“A Radical view ofAntioxidants
Destination India "
Cultural Program on Tuesday the
11"' January 2005
Classical Music and Dance performance by
professional artistes will be arranged. This will
be followed by fellowship and Banquet Dinner.
Poster Sessions
Between 1430 and 1630 H on all days of the
conference poster sessions are arranged with
panels provided for posters. Poster sessions
are arranged in the cardinal Gracias hall of the
Robert Koch Bhavan.
Organizing committee have instituted best
poster award for every twenty posters. Panel of
judges will be evaluating the posters.
Best Oral Presentation Award (ONLY FOR OL
CATEGORY)
Under OL category of ten minutes duration one
best oral presentation award will be announced
during the concluding session on the final day
of the conference.
Breakfast round table sessions
In order to facilitate academic interactions
between young and experienced, round table
breakfast sessions are planned on ligand 12,h
January 2005.
Registration for the BF sessions is free of
charges on a first come first served basis with a
limited number ofseats.
executive committee of SFRR, accommodation
is arranged in the campus guest house.
List giving details of who is staying where will
be available on request, at the registration
counters.
Certification of attendance/ Participation in
the conference
Certificate of participation is included in the
delegate registration bags. Kindly check for any
corrections needed in your certificate.
Late abstracts / on the spot submission of
papersforpresentation
Organizers have made adequate provision for
the late submission of abstracts and late
submission for oral presentation not exceeding
ten minutes under the miscellaneous papers
category.
Delegates can contact the registration counter
for help and assistance. Copies of such abstracts
will be photocopied and distributed to the
attending delegates.
Special meeting with the quality managers and
technical managers of accredited medical
testing laboratories
Delegates who are interested in undertaking
clinical trials in accredited laboratories can
attend a meeting with the quality and technical
managers of the NABL accredited laboratories.
Details in this regard will be available at the
registration desk.
The organizers have invited over twenty such
accredited laboratory representatives.
The meeting is scheduled in the VIP meeting
room located in the ground floor of the
conference auditorium on Tuesday the lllh
January between 1430-1600 H
“A Radical view ofAntioxidants
Destination India”
Accommodation
Delegates are accommodated based on their
request in the accommodation registration
from made by them well in time. Organizers
have tried their best to provide accommodation
at reasonably priced hotels or guest houses.
For students sponsored for local hospitality
hostel type of accommodation is arranged
separately for ladies and gents.
To senior scientists, guest house type
accommodation is arranged at nearby places.
To invited speakers and members of the
Sunday 9' Jan-2005
SUNDAY
WORKSHOP
Jan 9n 2005
PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOP ON“ASSURING QUALITY RESEARCH
DATA THROUGH ACCREDITATION"
opic: "ANTIOXIDANTS & FREE RADICALS IN HEALTH -NUTRITION & RADIO-PROTECTORS"
0830H
Registration
0930 H
lanuguration
1000 H
Tea Break
1030 H
A.S.Kanagasabapathy
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
1115H
A.S Kanagasabapathy
GLP with reference to Accrediation Standards
1200 H
A S. Kanagasabapathy
Uncertainty of Measurement, Calibration
& traceability
1230 H
Exercise. Group Discussion & Presentation
0115H
Lunch Break
1400 H
Ml
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T Venkatesh
Assessor's view points on Laboratory Auditing
1430 H
Equipment demonstration with respect to
QC, calibration Uncertainty of Measurement, etc.
-By "RANDOX"
1430 H
Panel Discussion
1600 H
Concluding Remarks
1615 H
Tea
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MONDAY
Jan 10* 2005
| 0730 - 0900 1
0915 - 1000
INAGURATION
1000 - 1045
1045 - 1100
TEA
SYMPOSIUM I
Sponsored by: RANDOX
Venue : MAIN AUDITORIUM
Sponsored by : APL RESEARCH CENTRE
Topic: "FREE RADICALS & ANTIOXIDANTS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE"
Topic : "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES"
1100 ■ 1330
Venue : HALL A
CHAIRPERSONS
1. J P Mittal (India) 2. M P Barros (Brazil) 3. Harl Mohan (India)
1.Sheila Uthappa (India) 2. Nick Hunt (Australia) 3. Palep HS (India)
1 K P Sinha (India) 2. Sambu Varma (USA) 3. H.A. Nadiger (Malaysia)
PL-2
Whither oxidative stress?
Dipak K Das (USA)
: Red wine and heart: a journey from grape
to resveatrol
PL-3
Mukherjee T (India)
Free radical pathways to the antioxidant action:
physicochemical studies
SBasu (Sweden)
■ Oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular
dysfunctionrrole of isoprostanes and prostaglandins
IL-11
Praveen Sharma (India)
Oxidative stress: an additive risk factor in
metabolic syndrome
Lindsay Brown (Australia)
• Controlling cardiovascular remodeling by
controlling oxidative stress
IL-12
Vljaya Haldankar (India)
Nilanjana Maulik(USA)
• Effect of resveratrol on ischemic heart: the
healthy heart miracle
iL-13 Balasubramaman M(lndia)
Prem Pais (India)
: Risk factors for IHD-lndian scenario
IL-14
B. Ganapathi (India)
Free radicals and antioxidants in diabetes mellitus
OL-4
S Srivastava (USA)
Inhibition of the metabolism of lipid derived aldehydes
exacerbates atherosclerosis in apo E-null mice
Vlnayaga Moorthy(lndia)
Starvation- re-feeding cycles impairs antioxidant
defense and increases risk for atnerogenesis
IL- 1
B Epe (Germany)
IL-2
Hideyuki J Majima (Japan; Vitamin E protects against intracellular oxidative
IL-7
stress induced by X-irradiatlon
IL-3
Irfan Rahman (USA)
Molecular antioxidant strategies In the potential
management of lung diseases
IL-8
IL-4
Panda B B (India)
Some intriguing Insights Into metallo and oxi adaptive responses to genotoxic stress in plant cells
IL-9
IL-10
APL sponsored speaker (India):
OL-2
S Shinde(lndia)
Generation and repair of endogenous oxidative
IL-6
DNA damage
Ramlah D (India)
Investigation of sensitizers based on squaraine
moiety for photodynamic therapy
. Oxidative and antioxidant status of patients alter
off-pump and on-pump coronary artery by pass surgery OL-5
Peroxynitrite damaged DNA- implications
in carcinogenesis
: Antioxidant and DNA-protective properties of
cardioprotective plant, terminalia arjuna, and
Its component, baicalein using various models
Tilak JC (India)
OL-3
1330 - 1430
LUNCH
1430 - 1600
POSTER
OL 6 Usha Anand (India)
Serum paraoxonase in diabetes mellitus
SYMPOSIUM IV
SYMPOSIUM V
Sponsored by ST. JOHN'S NATIONAL ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Venue . HALL A
Venue: MAIN AUDITORIUM
Topic : “FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN LIVER DISEASES"
Topic : “FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES"
CHAIRPERSONS:
1. R.K.Bhattacharya (India) 2, Valdya AB (India) 3. Indu Paul Kaur (India)
CHAIRPERSONS .
CHAIRPERSONS :
1. K. Taranath Shetty (India) 2. Bernd Epe (Germany) 3. Menon V P (India)
1. Keshav Singh (USA) 2. Balasubramanyam K A (India) 3. Kalyanaraman B (USA)
: Antioxidant prooxidant mechanism of bilirubin
IL-15 Adhikari S (India)
PL-4
Baolu Zhao (China)
: Natural antioxidants prevent neurodegeneration oiseases
Oxidative stress in the intestine in liver cirrhosis: PL-5 Tilman Grune (Germany): Modulation of protein oxidation by antioxidantsimplications for neuronal protection
role in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
IL-16 Balas-jbramanyam KA (India)
SYMPOSIUM VI
Venue: HALL B
Topic: "MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS"-!
IL-23 Bapat MM (India)
: Free radical damage, diabetes mellitus and
dietary antioxidants
IL-24 llavazhagan (India)
IL-17 Raj K Singh (India)
■ Circad.an periodicity of human circulating I pid peroxides and
anti-oxidant enzymes as putative markers in cirrhosis of liver
IL-20 Mathangi DC (India)
■ Does REM sleep deprivation result in oxidative
stress?
IL-25 J. Bhattacharjee(lndia)
IL-18 Venugopal Menon (India)
: Protective role of ferulic acid, a natural
phenolic antioxidant on liver fibrosis
IL-21
Nadiger HA (Malaysia)
: Regional distribution & age related changes in oxidative
stress markers in different regions of SHR rat bram
: Regulatory role of ros and ms in expression of
transcription factor ap1 in breast cancer
IL-26 Srivastava KK (India)
: Herbs for enhancing mental performance
IL-22
Neeraj Agarwal (USA)
: Neuroprotection of Rgc-5 cells against
glutamate induced oxidative damage by a
novel 2-adamantyl estrogen analogue, Zyc-3
OL-10
Nageshwari K (India)
’ Therapeutic potential of antioxidants on
cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury
OL-11
Sudha K (India)
. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes as the
markers of oxidative stress in neurological
disorders
IL-19 Vishwanatha Jamboor (USA): Nicotine inhibits nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in
oral epithelial cells
OL-7 Prabhu Daniel (India)
OL-8 Sayanti Bhattacharya
: Hepatoproleclive and anti-oxidant potential ol luffa
acutangula (var) amara against CCL4 induced liver dysfunction
' Gasinc ulcer healing by a potent herbal free radical
scavenger. Piper belle linn & its active compounds
OL-9 Subir Kumar Das (India) :
31
Oxidative Stress: molecules and mechanisms with
special reference to diabetes and its complications
Sponsored by VIJAYA DIAGNOSTICS, Hyderabad
1600 - 1830
31
: "FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN DIABETES MELLITUS"
CHAIRPERSONS .
OL-1 Moinuddm (India)
31
Topi
CHAIRPERSONS •
PL-1 T. Ramasarma, (India)
IL-5
SYMPOSIUM III
Sponsored by: ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTS OF INDIA (ACBI)
Venue : HALL B
SYMPOSIUM II
31
B|
Bl
Effect of choline derivatives in the treatment of ethanol
mediated free radical Induced hepatotoxicity
3!
31
31
rg1
111
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31
Bl
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31
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f|1
31
HI
™
IL-27 Flora SJS (India)
Metal induced oxidative stress and the role of
antioxidant in chelation therapy
IL-28 Shambhu Varma (USA)
• Implications of oxygen free radicals in the
formation of cataracts
IL-29 Janardhanan KK (India
■ Prevention of oxidative stress by mushroom
derived antioxidants.
0L-12
Kusal K Das (India)
m
jil
: Effect of antioxidant (L-ascorbic acid) on nickel mduceo
alteration of nucleic acid concentration in rats
m
wjimiuiifiiiiiiHBniii uMBMBiiiii
KEY NOTE ADDRESS
ON
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETES AND NUTRIGENOMICS
BY
Toshikazu Yoshikavva and Yuji Naito
Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
Oxidative stress is implicated as an important mechanism by which diabetes
causes nephropathy. Using a high-density oligonucleotide array, we recently investigated
the transcriptome analysis for mesangial cells in mice with diabetic nephropathy. We
confirmed the up-regulation of many genes associated with oxidative stress,
pro-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor, and collagen synthesis.
Astaxanthin, which is found as a common pigment in algae, fish, and birds, is a carotenoid
with significant potential for antioxidative activity. We examined whether chronic
administration of astaxanthin could prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy
induced by oxidative stress in mice. We used female db/db mice, a rodent model of type 2
diabetes. After 12 weeks of treatment, the astaxanthin-treated group showed a lower level
of blood glucose compared with the non-treated db/db group; however, both groups had a
significantly high level compared with the db/m mice. The relative mesangial area
calculated by the mesangial area/total glomerular area ratio was significantly ameliorated
in the astaxanthin-treated group compared with the non-treated db/db group. The increases
in urinary albumin and 8-OHdG at 12 weeks of treatment were significantly inhibited by
chronic treatment with astaxanthin. The 8-OHdG immunoreactive cells in glomeruli of
non-treated db/db mice were more numerous than in the astaxanthin-treated db/db mice. In
this study, treatment with astaxanthin ameliorated the progression and acceleration of
diabetic nephropathy in the rodent model of type 2 diabetes. Astaxanthin treatment
reversed the expression of the up- and down-regulated genes, which were confirmed by
GeneChip analysis. The results suggested that the antioxidative activity of astaxanthin
reduced the oxidative stress on the kidneys and prevented renal cell damage. In
conclusion, administration of astaxanthin might be a novel approach for the prevention of
diabetes nephropathy.
ANTIOX
SESSION -1
PL-1
WIIITH ER OX IDATI V E STRESS
T.
Ramasarma
Centre lor DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500 076, and
IL-2
VITAMIN E PROTECTS AGAINST INTRACELLULAR
OXIDATIVESTRESS INDUCED BYX-IRRADIATION
Hidcyuki J. Majimal, Fliroko P. Indol. KazuoTomital andToshihiko
Ozawa2
Solid State & Structural Chemistry Unit and
I Dept. Oncol, and Dept. Space Environ. Med., Kagoshima Univ. Grad,
Sch. Med. and Dent. Sci., Kagoshima890-8544, Japan.
Department of Biochemistry. Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore-560 012.
2Nat. Inst. Radiolol. Sci., Chiba263-8555, Japan.
Living cells are always exposed to atmospheric oxygen and deal with
about 0.2 mM concentration of dissolved oxygen in the cytosol The
popular concept of oxidative stress therefore is not due to dioxygen
molecule. The best-known cellular oxidant. NAD . is subject to redox
turnover and occurs in small concentration. Then which is the oxidant
responsible for stress? Is there oxidation in oxidative stress9
The most-talked about reactive oxygen species (ROS) is superoxide,
derived by reduction ofoxygen. This becomes a significant oxidant after
further reduction to hydrogen peroxide or after complexing with nitric
oxide to form nitropcroxidc. Reduction and release of iron leads to
peroxidation of lipids and generates hydroxyl radicals in presence of
hydrogen peroxide.
Are the disease-nonspecific increase in lipid peroxidation products, F2isoprostanes, a general stress response? Antioxidants that added a great
value in this research are not mere reductants and act more by radical
quenching. The antioxidant enzymes finally result in peroxicidal action.
All these place at the center of action reduced forms of oxygen species,
particularly hydrogen peroxide, and some explanation is needed how
hydrogen peroxide is saved from the abundant powerful “antioxidant
enzymes. It appears that process of reduction has inescapable role in
“oxidative stress”.
hamjima@denta.hal.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
We previously reported that the potential role of mitochondrial
manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in protective activity to
irradiation by analyzing the cell viability by a colony-formation assay,
and by detecting apoptosis in stably human MnSOD genc-transfcctcd
stable clones of FILE (Cancer Res. 61.5382-5388, 2001). The results
showed that overexpression of MnSOD reduced the levels of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria, intracellular phospholipid
peroxidation product (4-Hydroxy-2-noncnal; FINE), and prevented
apotosis. The results suggested that MnSOD might play an important
role in protecting cells against radiation-induced apotosis by controlling
the generation of mitochondrial ROS and intracellular lipid
peroxidation. In this study, we further examined whether alpha
tocopherol could prevent against mitochondrial generation of ROS, lipid
peroxidation and apoptosis. Our results showed X-irradiation increased
in ROS, FINE, and apoptosis. Post-X-ray treatment with alpha
tocopherol protected against these processes and apoptosis. These
results suggest that mitochondria arc primary sites of X-ray-induced
cellular oxidative injuries.
IL-3
MOLECULAR ANTIOXIDANTSTRATEGIES INTHE
IL-1
POTENTIALMANAGEMENT OF LUNG DISEASES
Dr. Irfan Rahman
GENERATION AND REPAIR OF ENDOGENOUS OXIDATIVE
DNA DAMAGE
B. Epe
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) arc generated in all cells endogenously
as by-products of the oxygen metabolism. There is no doubt that the
generation of ROS constitutes a significant challenge for the integrity of
the genome. Thus, basal levels of oxidative DNA modifications such as
8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG) can be observed in apparently all types of
cells. The sources of the basal endogenous oxidative DNA damage have
not yet been established. Surprisingly, ROS from the mitochondrial
electron transport chain do -not play a major role, as concluded from
experiments with 0 cells, which lack mitochondrial DNA. More relevant
appear enzymes such as the cytochrome P450 reductase, since its
overproduction increases both the basal level of oxidative DNA base
modifications and genomic instability. An interesting experimental
approach to assess the consequences of the endogenous oxidative DNA
damage in vivo without the interference of other ROS-mediatcd effects is
offered by the generation ofmice deficient in specific repair mechanisms
dealing with oxidative DNA damage. In oggl null mice, which arc
deficient in the specific repair glycosylasc for 8-oxoG, elevated
endogenous levels of this lesion in the liver were associated with 2-3 fold
increased spontaneous mutation rates. Our analysis of back-up repair
mechanisms, which apparently prevent a severe phenotype of the mice,
revealed an unexpected involvement of the CSB (Cockayne Syndrome
B) gene product in the global repair of 8-oxoG. Accordingly, a severalfold increased age-related accumulation of 8-oxoG was observed in
oggl/csb double-knockout mice. The analysis of the spontaneous
mutation rates in various organs and the effects of xenobiotic oxidants,
promoters and antioxidants in these mice are expected to provide further
information on the risk associated with a given level of oxidative DNA
Department of Environmental Medicine. Division of Lung Biology and
Disease, University of Rochester Medical Center,
Rochester, NY 14642., USA.
Oxidative stress and inflammation arc major hallmarks of various
chronic lung diseases such as asthma, lung fibrosis, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The sources of the
increased oxidative stress in patients with chronic lung diseases derive
from the increased burden of inhaled oxidants (cigarette smoke,
environmental pollutants/gascs), and from the increased amounts of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species generated
by inflammatory, immune and structural cells of the airways. Oxidative
stress has important consequences on several events of lung physiology
and for the pathogenesis of various chronic lung diseases. These include
airway hypcrrcsponsiveness/hyperrcactivily, bronchial constriction,
mast cell activation, epithelial detachment, oxidative inactivation of
anti-proteases and surfactants, mucus hypersecretion, alveolar epithelial
injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, proliferation, remodeling of
extracellular matrix, and apoptosis. ROS and aldehydes play a key role in
enhancing the inflammation through the activation and phosphorylation
of MAP kinases and redox sensitive transcription factors such as NF-?
B and AP-1 in lung diseases. Oxidative stress also alters nuclear histone
acetylation and deacetylation leading to increased gene expression of
pro-inflammatory mediators in the lung. Oxidative stress may have a
role in the poor efficacy of corticosteroids in asthma and COPD. Since a
variety of oxidants, free radicals and aldehydes are implicated in the
pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases it is likely that a combination of
antioxidants may be effective in the intervention of these diseases.
It is becoming increasingly clear that the antioxidant and/or anti
inflammatory effects of thiol molecules (glutathione and mucolytic
drugs, such as N-acctyl-L-cysteinc and N-acystclyn), dietary polyphenol
(curcumin-difcniloylmethane, a principal component of turmeric),
resveratrol (a flavonoid found in red wine), ergothioneine (xanthine and
peroxynitrile inhibitor), and the antioxidant beverage EM-X (derived
from the ferment of unpolished rice, papaya and sea-weeds with
effective microorganisms) control the N F - ?
B activation, regulation of glutathione biosynthesis gene, chromatin
remodeling and subsequently inflammatory gene regulation in lung
epithelial cells. Specific spin traps such as -phenyl-N-tert-bulyl nitrone,
a catalytic antioxidant (ECSOD mimetic), manganese (Hl)mcso-lctrakis
(N,N'-diethyl-l,3-imidazolium-2-yl) porphyrin (AEOL 10150 and
AEOL 10113), and a SOD mimetic M40419 inhibited the cigarette
smoke-induced inflammatory response (decreased number of
neutrophils and macrophages) in animal models of lung diseases. Thus,
the effective wide spectrum antioxidant therapy that has good
bioavailability and potency is urgently needed to control the localized
oxidative and inflammatory processes that occur during lung
inflammation and in the management of chronic lung diseases.
Supported by Philip Morris External Research Program, USA., and an
Environmental Health Sciences Center grant ESO 1247.
IL-4
SOME INTRIGUING INSIGHTS INTO METALLO - AND OXI ADAPTIVE RESPONSES TO GENOTOXIC STRESS IN PLANT
CELLS.
B.B. Panda and J. Patra
Genecology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany,
Berhampur University. Bcrhampur760007
Genomic stability and adaptive evolution are of paramount importance
for the species survival and fitness under stressful environment, and is
the key for sustenance of the biodiversity. Because of their sedentary life
style, plants are incapable of physically escaping potentially harmful
environment, and therefore they have developed sophisticated cellular
mechanisms to defend from adversity. The perception of stresses and
signal transduction to switch on adaptive responses are critical steps in
determining the survival and reproduction of plants under stressful
environment. Of the different cellular targets, DNA is the target of
genotoxic stress that could be evaluated by cellular responses manifested
as chromosome aberration, micronucleus or comet. Evidences available
over the recent past increasingly point to the involvement of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) in metal-induced genotoxicity. Interestingly,
metals and oxidative agents in low conditioning doses induce adaptive
response that confer genomic protection when subsequently subjected to
genotoxic challenge; referred as mctallo- or oxi-adaptive response,
respectively. The underlying mechanism of mctallo- or oxi-adaptive
response, however, remains elusive.
We present here an comparative account of adaptive responses induced
in root meristem (Allium ccpa) or embryonic shoot (Hordeum vulgarc)
cells of by two contrasting metals, cadmium (Cd2+) and aluminium
(A13+); two oxidative agents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and paraquat
(PQ); and a signalling phytohormone, salicylic acid (SA) against three
different standard genotoxins namely maleic hydrazide (MH), a Sdependent elastogen that induces no DNA strand break; ethyl methane
sulfonate (EMS), an alkylating mutagen; and methyl mercuric chloride
(MMCI), an aneugen-cum-clastogen. The aforesaid conditioning agents
induced oxidative stress, which was evident by accumulation of 11202,
increased lipid peroxidation, induction of one or more antioxidant
enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase etc.) in plants. The
pattern of genotoxic adaptation to MH, EMS and MMCI induced by the
conditioning agents exhibited a remarkable difference between the
metals (Cd and Al) as well as between the oxidative agents (H2O2 and
PQ). Adaptive responses induced by Al and PQ on the other hand were
similar. The fact that adaptive response induced by SA was quite
comparable to that induced by Al or PQ, but differed from 11202,
underscored the possible involvement of a signal transduction pathway
in the underlying adaptive response to genotoxic stress that perhaps does
not involve H2O2.
IL-5
INVESTIGATION OF SENSITIZERS BASED ON SQUARAINE
MOIETY FOR PHOTODYNAMICTHERAPY
D. Ramiaii,*1 K. T. Arun,1 K, Jyothish,11 Eckert,2 L. Weidcnfcller’ and
B. Epc2
‘Photosciences and Photonics Division, Regional Research Laboratory
(CSIR), Trivandrum 605 019, INDIA and 2 Institute of Pharmacy,
University of Mainz, Germany
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive technique for the
treatment of both neoplastic and non-ncoplastic diseases by the
combined action of light and a photosensitizing drug? The
photosensitizer, when injected into the body, due to its inherent
properties accumulates in the cancerous tissues and on irradiation with
light of suitable wavelength generates cytotoxic agents, which can cause
tumor necrosis. Contrary to the conventional treatments such as
chemotherapy and radiotherapy, PDT is relatively a safer treatment since
the induction of tumor necrosis ceases when the light is switched off. The
recent advent of laser fiber optics, endoscopy and laproscopy has made it
possible by PDT to alter only the irradiated area with minimal systemic
toxicity, thereby extending the clinical application of PDT to a variety of
cancers. Several photosensitizers including porphyrins,
metallophthalocyanins, chlorins, porphyccnes, purpurins and
aminolcvulcnic acid-mediated porphyrins have been extensively studied
for their use in PDT. With the I" generation photosensitizer, Photofrin”
already in clinical use and several other pholoscnsitizcrs under various
phases of clinical trials, the search for more effective pholoscnsitizcrs
has become an important area of research in recent years. In this context,
we have designed and synthesized a few heavy atom substituted
squaraine dyes and have investigated their photophysical and
photobiological properties under different conditions. These dyes
possesses favorable properties and generate cytotoxic agents such as
singlet oxygen in quantitative yields.23 Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity
studies in mammalian cells and bacterial strains revealed that these dyes
are non-toxic in the dark but exhibit high cytotoxicity only when
activated with visible light.' Cytotoxicity and DNA damage studies in
cellular and cell-free conditions revealed that singlet oxygen is the major
reactive species responsible for the photobiological activity of these
dyes.5 Our in vitro studies clearly indicate that sensitizers based on
squaraine chromophore could form an effective alternate system to the
well-studied porphyrin moiety for photodynamic therapeutical
applications.
OL-I
PEROXYNITRITE DAMAGED DNA:
CARCINOGENESIS
IMPLICATIONS IN
Moinuddin, Kiran Dixit, Asif Ali
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh
(INDIA)
Introduction- Reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide and its
derivatives, produced by inflammatory cells, have been proposed to
contribute to multistage carcinogenesis by inducing DNA or tissue
damage. Increased levels of circulating autoantibodies directed against
nucleus have been reported in the scrum of patients with malignancies.
Methods: The effect of peroxynitrite (ONOOy-) generated by
diethylamine NONOate (nitric oxide donor) and 1,4-hydroquinone
(superoxide donor) on commercially available human placental DNA
was monitored by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, melting
temperature studies, alkaline gel electrophoresis and nuclease SI
digestibility. The DNA antigenicity and repertoire of specificities of
induced antibodies were evaluated by direct binding ELISA,
Competition ELISA and gel retardation assay.
Results: DNA was found to be modified significantly when exposed to
0.1 mM DEA-NO and 0.1 mM 1,4-hydroquinone in combination
However. DNA incubated with DEA-NO (O.ImM) alone and 1, 4hydroquinone (O.ImM) alone did not cause any modification. UV
spectra of the modified DNA showed 49% hyperchromicity while the
fluorescence spectrum exhibited a decrease in fluorescence intensity.
Alkaline agarose electrophoresis and nuclease SI digestibility clearly
demonstrated DNA strand breaks. Melting temperature of the modified
DNA was found to be 71 °C. whereas for native DNA it was 86°C. The
modified DNA induced specific antibodies in experimental animals with
a titre =1:12800 in ELISA. Modified DNA presented better epitopes to
the cancer autoantibodies as compared to the native analogue.
Conclusions: Nitric oxide and superoxide alone did not cause
perceptible damage to native DNA. However, the synergistic action of
nitric oxide and superoxide, generating pcroxynitritc. causes extensive
damage to human DNA rendering it immunogenic. The modified DNA
proved to be a better antigen for cancer autoantibodies thereby
implicating its possible role in carcinogenesis.
SESSION - II
PL-2
RED WINE AND HEART: A .JOURNEY FROM GRAPE TO
RESVEATROL
Dipak KDas
Cardiovascular Research Center, University ofConnecticut School of
Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut. USA
The consumption of wine, particularly red wine, imparts beneficial
effects in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Our study determined
that mild to moderate wine consumption (equivalent to one to two
glasses of wine/day) rendered the heart resistant to ischemia and heart
failure. This gave rise to what is now popularly termed as the French
paradox. A recent study determined that regular consumption of grapes
also render the myocardium resistant to ischemic heart disease. In this
study, the rats were given (orally) standardized grape extract (sgc)
(obtained from California table Grape commission) for a period of one
month. After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, hearts excised and made
ischemic for 30 min followed by 2 hrs of reperfusion. At 100 mg/kg and
at 200 mg/kg. grapes provided significant cardio protection as evidenced
by improved post-ischemic ventricular recovery and reduced amount of
myocardial infarction, sgc reduced the malonaldchydc Content of the
heart indicating reduction of oxidative stress during Ischemia and
reperfusion.
The cardio protective effects of red wine have been attributed to several
Polyphenolic antioxidants including resveratrol and proanthocyanidins
that are present in the wine and the grapes. Our study determined that
these Polyphenolic antioxidants provide cardioprotcction by their ability
to function as in vivo antioxidants.£ These phenols as well as red wine
triggered a signal transduction cascade initiated by the activation of
Adenosine al and a3 receptors thereby activating map kinase signaling
leading to a reduction of pro-apoptotic transcription factors and genes
such as jnk-1 and c-jun and inducing redox-sensitive transcription factor
nfkb thereby potentiating ischemia-mediated anti-death signal. This
results in the reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. E Resveratrol
mediated anti-apoplotic signal appears to be potentiated by an
upregulation of nitric oxide leading to the initiation of an angiogenic
signal triggered by an Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor.
The results, thus, indicate that not only do the red wine and grapes
provide cardioprotcction through their antioxidativc properties, but also
they have ability to trigger a survival signal through the polyphenolic
antioxidants, especially Resveratrol.
IL-6
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION IN
CARDIOVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION: ROLE OF
I SO P ROS TA N ES A N D PROSTAG LA N DINS
S. Basu
Sections of Geriatrics and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine,
Uppsala University, Box 609, SE-751 25 Uppsala, Sweden
(samar.basu@pubcarc.uu.se)
Introduction: Non-cnzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid through
free radical pathway and enzymatically through cyclooxygenases results
in several short-half lived unique biologically active compounds in the
mammalian body namely, isoprostancs and prostaglandins (PGs). These
eicosanoids or their metabolites are shown to be reliable parameters of
oxidative stress and inflammation in various clinical and experimental
studies.8-Iso-PGF2?, a major F2 -isoprostane evokes vasocontriction in
lung and kidney, and also serves as a reliable indicator of free radical
mediated-oxidative stress. Prostaglandin F2? (PGF2?
) is a potent vasocontrictory compound and is involved in various acute
and chronic inflammatory situation. !5-Keto-dihydro-PGF2?, a major
metabolite of cyclooxygenase-catalysed PGF2?, has shown to be an
unique indicator of inflammatory response.
Methods: We have developed radioimmunoassays by raising highly
specific antibodies for 8-iso-PGF2? and 15-kelo-dihydro-PGF2?
in the rabbits. The methods have been successfully applied for studies of
these eicosanoids in various body fluids collected during endotoxin
induced septic shock and acute inflammation, following
cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest (CPR), during
cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), pccutancous coronary intervention
(PCI) and angiography, from type 2 diabetes patients and smokers.
Results: Rapid increase of these bioactivc eicosanoids have seen in the
body fluids in experimental septic shock, CPR, CPB, PCI/angiography
and in patients with type 2 diabetes and smokers with a distinct kinetics
of appearance and disappearance.
Conclusions: Both isoprostancs and prostaglandins arc involved in
various cardiovascular dysfunction (ARDS, dysfunction on systemic
haemodynamics, ischemia-reperfusion etc.) and riskfactors. Thus, the
simultaneous determination of isoprostancs and prostaglandin
metabolite in body fluids opened exellent possibilities to study the role of
both oxidative injury and inflammatory state in the pathogenesis of
cardiovascular diseases and their riskfactors, and also in ding evaluation
studies at these endpoints
IL-7
CONTROLLING CARDIOVASCULAR REMODELLING BY
CONTROLLING OXIDATIVE STRESS
Lindsay Brown
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical
Sciences,The University ofQucensland, Australia.
Chronic cardiovascular disease is characterized by cardiovascular
remodelling, especially excessive cellular growth (hypertrophy),
excessive collagen deposition (fibrosis) and endothelial dysfunction.
The trigger that initiates these changes may be an increased oxidative
stress defined as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as
superoxide. This hypothesis has been investigated by studying the
changes in cardiovascular structure and function following treatment
with compounds that alter the production or availability of ROS. All
experiments have been carried out in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats since
this model is characterized by an excessive production of superoxide by
vascular smooth muscle cells. DOCA-salt hypertension was produced in
8 week old male Wistar rats by uninephrectomy and administration of
deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)(25 mg sc ever}' fourth day) and
1% NaCl in the drinking water for 28 days. DOCA-salt rats developed
hypertension, ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and endothelial
dysfunction. NADPH oxidase is the major source of superoxide in this
model; treatment with allopurinol (50 mg/kg/day), an inhibitor of
xanthine oxidase, did not significantly change cardiovascular
remodelling. NADPH oxidase is activated by cndothclin through ETA
receptors and angiotensin II through ATI receptors. Administration ofA127722 (approx 10 mg/kg/day), a selective ETA receptor antagonist,
reversed existing cardiac and vascular remodelling and also prevented
further remodelling; cardiovascular function was also improved. Similar
improvements were shown following treatment with candesartan (2
mg/kg/day), a selective ATI receptor antagonist. L-argininc is the
precursor of the paracrine vasodilator, NO, which reacts with superoxide
eventually leading to the removal of free radicals. In DOCA-salt rats,
administration of L-argimne (approx 3g/kg/day) significantly reduced
the onset of hypertension and hypertrophy, prevented collagen
deposition and the consequent increase in cardiac stiffness. Further, the
loss of responsiveness of isolated thoracic aortic rings from DOCA-salt
rats to acetylcholine was reversed by L-argininc. The antioxidant,
resveratrol (1 mg/kg/day), prevented the cardiac and vascular
remodelling in DOCA-salt hypertension and improved cardiovascular
function. In summary, the DOCA-salt hypertensive rat rapidly develops
significant cardiovascular remodeling. In this model, pharmacological
interventions that decrease or remove ROS and therefore reduce
oxidative stress induce a reversal of existing changes and prevent further
cardiovascular remodelling.
IL-9
RISK FACTORS FOR 1HD-IND1AN SCENARIO
Preni Pais
Professor of Medicine
St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore
India is in a phase of epidemiological transit ion between a country with
major morbidity and mortality from malnutrition and infectious disease
to a stage of increasing burden of chronic disease especially
cardiovascular disease. In addition, these diseases arc striking at ages
younger than in the developed economics. Over the last two decades a
number of epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that standard risk
factors explain much of the increased risk for CVD in Indians. These
include smoking, dysglyccmia, hypertension, disorders of lifestyle and
possibly hyperlipidemia. Some novel risk factors have also been
hypothesized including hymocyslcine, LP(a), coagulation abnormalities
and genetic and intrauterine factors. The epidemic of CVD promises to
be so large that it is time to start prevention on a nationwide scale with the
evidence already available. Such preventive strategics should consist of
simultaneous programmes of population-wide strategics to lower
population risk factor distribution as well as primary andk secondary
prevention programme. Such programmes should be designed to reach
as many people as possible at a cost that makes the programmes feasible
yet effective.
IL-8 WITHDRAWN
IL-10
EFFECT OF RESVERATROL ON ISCHEMIC HEART: THE
HEALTHY HEART MIRACLE
APLSPONSORED SPEAKER
Nilanjana Maulik, Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology
Laboratory. University of
Connecticut Medical Center. Farmington, Connecticut-06030-1110,
USA
Ischemic coronary' disease is the leading cause of morbidity and
mortality. Therapeutic approaches to induce angiogenesis mostly aim to
restore flow to a localized segment by angioplasty or bypass surgery.
Among the various triggers of angiogenesis, tissue hypoxia/ischcmia as
well as pharmacological agents such as resveratrol (polyphenol) has
been identified as being a very important stimulus/agcnt for the
induction of new vessel growth. Occlusion of a main coronary depletes
the blood supply to the myocardium and subsequently reduces cardiac
function, which ultimately leads to heart failure. Progressive, chronic
coronary artery occlusion has been shown to induce development of
collateral arteries to reestablish and maintain blood flow to the
myocardium at risk via the growth of new capillary vessels or
angiogenesis. Studies from our laboratory as well as from others have
already confirmed the protective role of collaterals against myocardial
ischemia and cell death. We have successfully demonstrated in adult rat
myocardium (LV) effect of resveratrol on significant upregulation of the
protein expression profiles of vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptors (Flk-1 and Flt-1) as well as
other angiogenic factors such as Ang-1, Ang-2 and their receptor Tic-2,
Also, we were able to demonstrate increased capillary/artcriolar density,
capillary to myocyte cross-sectional area (after 1-4 weeks and after 2
months) and decreased collagen volume fraction as well as improved LV
function and blood flow by resveratrol preconditioning in a rat model of
chronic myocardial infarction (MI) model.
OL-2
OXIDATIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF PATIENTS
AFTER OFF-PUMP AND ON-PUMP CORONARY ARTERY
BYPASS SURGERY
S.Shindc*.A.Tcndolkar.N. Patil*
* Department of Biochemistry Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic
Surgery, L.T.M.Medical College, Sion, Mumbai
Introduction: The development of new surgical devices and techniques
allow off pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) without use of
cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aim of the study-oxidative stress
marker and antioxidant status were studied in patients undergoing offpump CABG when compared with patients undergoing on-pump CABG
using CPB.
Methods: The study included 45 patients (30 males and 15 females) with
mean age of 56.19.98 years undergoing CABG were divided in two
groups. A cardiac stabilizer (Octopus Tissue Stabilizer, Medtronic Inc)
was used on 25 patients to perform OPCAB surgery without CPB (Group
1) and 20 patients undergoing on pump CABG with CPB (Group 2).
Arterial blood was drawn through the intra-catheter immediately after
induction of anesthesia. Subsequent samples were collected at following
specific times after surgery Ihrs, 6 hrs., 24hrs„ 48hrs.,72hrs. The
following biochemical parameters were estimated plasma levels of MDA,
-Tocopherol as well as erythrocyte activities- of superoxide dismutase
(SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
Results: Concentration of antioxidant and oxidative stress levels is high in
On-Pump CABG group than Off-Pump CABG. A significant difference
was noted (P<0.001) between pre and postoperative levels of markers such
as SOD, GPx, -Tocopherol and MDA in both the groups.
Conclusion: The data of the present study indicate that OPCAB without
use of CPB reduces Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels were
comparatively less in OPCAB than On-pump CABG All of this may
contribute to improve myocardial function and faster postoperative
recovery from surgical revascularization procedures, particularly in
critical ill patients
OL-3
IL-11
ANTIOXIDANT AND DNA-PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF
CARDIOPROTECTIVE PLANT. TERMINALIA ARJUNA, AND
ITS COMPONENT. BAICALEIN USING VARIOUS MODELS
OXIDATIVE STRESS: AN ADDITIVE RISK FACTOR IN
M ETABOLIC SYNDROM E
J.C. Tilak'.T.P.A. Devasagayam1 and R.D. Lclc2
Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre. Mumbai 400085; ‘Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre,
Gopalrao Dcshmukh Marg. Mumbai 400026.
Objective: Terminalia arjuna is an Indian medicinal plant known to
possess cardiotonic, cardioprotective, antimutagenic and antigenotoxic
properties. Baicalcin (5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1 -bcnzopyran-4one) is a constituent of T arjuna credited with many beneficial effects.
The antioxidant abilities, in relation to these observed beneficial
properties have not been examined in detail earlier.
Methods: To examine the bioavailability in an animal model, we studied
their stability and absorption in intestine, using an 'inverted loop model
of rat intestine' and HPLC. Then DNA binding ability of baicalein was
studied by spcetofluorimetry. The ability of baicalein and T. arjuna
extract to protect against DNA damage induced by potent generator of
reactive oxygen species (ROS), -radiation, was assayed using plasmid
pBR322 DNA as model system and single strand breaks (ssbs) as the
end-point. Ability to inhibit intracellular ROS production was studied by
using 2'-7'dichlorodihydrofluorcsccin diacctatc (DCFDA) in NIH 3T3
cells. Antioxidant ability in relation to antiatherogenic effect was
measured as plasma oxidation induced by biologically relevant pcroxyl
radicals and its inhibition by T. arjuna extracts and baicalcin.
Results: Our studies showed that approximately 25% baicalcin was
absorbed in inverted rat intestine. Baicalcin binds to calf thymus DNA in
a concentration dependent manner The compound, at the concentration
of 50 M. and T arjuna extracts, at a concentration of 0.05% can
significantly prevent ssbs in pBR322 DNA. The DRF calculated for
baicalcin was 1.24. Baicalcin protects against radiation-induced
intracellular ROS generation. T. arjuna extracts as well as baicalein
protect against plasma oxidation induced by pcroxyl radicals.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that baicalein showed significant bioavailability and that T. arjuna extracts as well as baicalcin arc highly
potent in protecting DNA strand breaks and intracellular ROS levels
caused by -radiation-induced oxidative damage. Its mechanism of
cardioprotection may involve inhibition of LDLoxidation,
Pravecn Sharma, Pccyush Ajmcra & Sandhya Mishra
Dept, of Biochemistry, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur. 302004 India.
Oxidative stress plays role in pathophysiology of many diseases
including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, not much is
known about the antioxidant status among individuals at high risk of
developing these conditions i.c. metabolic syndrome. The metabolic
syndrome is conceptualized as a constellation of anthropometric &
metabolic abnormalities, which includes excess weight, hyperglycemia,
elevated blood pressure, low concentration of HDL cholesterol and
hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, various other abnormalities of uric
acid, inflammation, hemostasis and fibrinolysis are often considered part
of this syndrome. Not surprisingly, people with metabolic syndrome are
at high risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. If
antioxidants play a protective role in the pathophysiology ofdiabetcs and
cardiovascular disease, understanding antioxidant status among people
with metabolic syndrome is of interest. With this view present study was
conducted on diabetic subjects, their first-degree relatives with and
without diabetes and their spouses. Nutrients antioxidants- vitamin A, C
& E levels and oxidative stress were measured. Diabetic subjects, first
degree diabetic and non-diabctic relatives, as well as spouses with >3
risk factors (Metabolic Syndrome) had low status of vitamin A, C & Eas
compared to first degree non-diabetic relatives and spouses both with < 3
risk factors. Antioxidant status showed a significant (P<0.001) negative
correlation with oxidative stress expressed by MDA level. More over
subjects with presence of all the five risk factors (ATP1I1 criteria) had
extremely low antioxidant status as compared to subjects with >3 risk
factors. Further oxidative stress was found to be positively linked to LDL
cholesterol and negatively with HDL cholesterol and decreased anti
oxidant status. Sub optimal concentrations of antioxidants (vitamin A, C
& E) in metabolic syndrome may explain increased risk of diabetes and
cardiovascular disease.
IL-12
Vijaya Haldankar
SESSION III
PL-3
FREE RADICAL PATHWAYS TO THE ANTIOXIDANT
ACTION: PHYSICOCHEMICALSTUDIES
T. Mukherjee
Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Mumbai 400 085
Radiation chemical and biochemical techniques work hand-in-hand in
elucidating the mechanism of antioxidant action and drug action and
toxic effects. In the cases where free radical mechanism is operative, the
former method scores over the latter as free radicals can be studied by
several novel techniques like pulse radiolysis and epr spectroscopy. A
few salient features of these techniques will be summarized.
Results in some of our recent studies on rosmarinic acid, scsamol, folic
acid, bakuchiol, resveratrol, capsaicin, melatonin, etc. will be
highlighted. A comparison will be made about the efficacy of
antioxidant action, radiation protection and repair mechanism, etc.
IL-13
OXIDATIVE STRESS: MOLECULES AND MECHANISMS
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIABETES AND ITS
COMPLICATIONS
M.Balasubramanyam. R.Sampathkumar, A.Adaikalakoteswari
V. Mohan
and
Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 6B Conran Smith Road,
Gopalapuram, Chennai - 600086, India
Oxidative stress has been proposed as a unifying hypothesis linking
various molecular disorders of Type 2 diabetes. The theoretical
importance of oxidative stress in diabetes is highlighted by its potential
double impact, on metabolic dysfunction on one hand, on the vascular
system on the other hand. Thus, pancreatic beta cells producing insulin as
well as its target adipose or muscle cells can be negatively affected, as
can blood elements and various cell types in the large and small blood
vessels implicated in diabetic complications. From the epidemiological,
pre-clinical and clinical studies, there is an indisputable evidence for a
shift in the equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and
antioxidants in favour of oxidative stress in diabetes. Interestingly, most
if not all of these reactions and abnormalities can already be evidenced in
prcdiabtic slates, long before diabetes is detected. Hyperglycemia and
the cellular consequences of it later add to the list of potential causes of
oxidative stress. ROS is also a chemical inducer of gene expression
acting through the activation of NFkB and activator protein-1
transcription factors and increases the transcription of IL-6 and TNFa,
the proin flammatory factors that in turn induce ROS generation. Thus
'oxidation meets inflammation' and operates in a vicious cycle. Despite
these, the proof ofcausal relationship ofoxidativc stress in the worsening
of the metabolic control and/or the angiopathy characterizing diabetes
has still to be investigated. A series of studies undertaken in our
laboratory support a role for oxidative stress in tire genesis and
progression of diabetes and its complications. Increased oxidative
damage was inferred from our various biomarker analyses: lipid
peroxidation, glutathione levels, shortening of telomeres,
glutathionylation of Hb, leukocyte DNA damage, increased NADPH
oxidase mRNA levels etc. The reason that antioxidants arc not received
with great attention as a treatment option in diabetes is partly due to the
failure of such approach in cardiovascular and atherosclerosis studies.
However, none of the antioxidant trials to date has measured markers of
oxidation to assess the degree of oxidative stress. Secondly, antioxidants
such as Vitamin E work by concentrating in lipid bilayers whereas many
of the oxidative reactions occur in cytosol and intracellular levels. It is
also interesting to note that in clinical trials, administration of
cardiovascular drugs and anti-diabetic agents, all of which show
intracellular antioxidant activity, has resulted in beneficial diabetes
treatment outcomes. These observations raise the possibility that
controlling oxidative stress intracellularly may be an attractive
therapeutic approach for diabetes and its angiopathies. The hope is that
further deciphering of the free radical pathway will continue to lead to
new therapies.
IL-14
FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN DIABETES
MELLITUS
Ganapathi B
OL-4
INHIBITION OF THE METABOLISM OF LIPID DERIVED
ALDEHYDES EXACERBATES ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN APO
E-NULLMICE
S. Srivastava, M. Spite, J. O. Trent, M B. West, Y. Ahmed, S. Liu and A.
Bhatnagar
Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville,
KY 40202, U.S.A.
Oxidation of phospholipids generates products in which unsaturated
fatly acids al the sn-2 position are oxidized to sh'rt chain aldehydes.
These phospholipid aldehydes enhance the expression of adhesion
molecules on endothelium, stimulate monocyte adhesion, promote
smooth muscle cell proliferation and elicit immune responses. However
little is known about the biochemical mechanisms by which these
aldehydes arc metabolized and detoxified, In the present study wc
examined the ability of various aldo-keto reductases in the reduction of
phospholipid aldehydes. Our data suggest that aldose reductase (AR),
fibroblast regulated protein-1, aldehyde reductase, and mouse vas
deferens protein catalyze the reduction of aldehydes generated from the
oxidation of l-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-5//-glycero-3-phosphocholine
and its 1-alkyl and 1-alkenyl analogs as well as the aldehydes generated
from the oxidation of l-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl containing
phosphatidic acid and phosphoglyccrol. Of the enzymes tested, AR was
the best catalyst for the reduction of phospholipid aldehyde- 1palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-s/7-glycero-3-phosphatidylchoIinc
(POVPC) with a F^of 10 ? M. Incubation of COS-7 and TH P-1 cells with
10 ?M POVPC resulted in the accumulation and reduction (30-40 %) of
the parent aldehyde. AR inhibitors sorbinil and tolrcslat prevented the
reduction of POVPC by 35-50 % in these cells Transfection of COS-7
cells with AR cDNA enhanced the reduction of POVPC by > three fold in
AR" cells Feeding of sorbinil or tolrcslat increased the atherosclerotic
lesion formation by 1.8 fold in apo E-null mice. These observations
suggest that AR catalyzed reduction of phospholipid aldehydes could
play a pivotal role in regulating the pro-atherogenic effects of oxidized
phospholipids.
Endocrinologist
St. Johns Medical College Hospital. Bangalore.
Diabetes is die leading cause of new blindness in working-age adults, of
new cases of end stage renal disease and of non-traumatic lower leg
amputations and cardiovascular complications. Hyperglycemia leads to
increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.E Oxidation of
glucose can generate oxygen free radicals and excess reactive oxygen
species such as superoxides. These molecules can promote lipid
peroxidation, leading to excessive oxidative burden in patients with
diabctcs.E Oxidative stress can also influence the expression of multiple
genes in vascular cells, including signaling molecules such as PKC,
NFkB and ERK; overexpression of these genes may lead to endothelial
dysfunction and, ultimately, to micro- and macrovascular disease.
Molecules in the arterial wall can also be modified by glycation, which
usually is associated with oxidation. The formation of advanced
glycation end-products (AGEs) can occur on proteins, lipids and nucleic
acids. Patients with diabetes appear to have decreased antioxidant
defense capability, measured as lower levels of specific antioxidants,
such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or vitamin E, or reduced activities of
antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase or
glutathione peroxidase.
OL-5
STARVATION- REFEEDING CYCLES IMPAIRS
ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE AND INCREASES RISK FOR
ATHEROGENESIS.
Vinayaga Moorthi, V.Sathia Priya, N.Sclvaraj, N.Rattina Dasso
Zachariah Bobby, S.K.Scn
Department of BiochemistryJIPM ER, Pondicherry - 605 006, India.
Introduction: Stress is a universal feature in human life. Formation of
excessive free radicals due to stressful conditions is a major internal
threat to cellular organisms. Recently, attention has been focused on the
significance of psychosocial factors and life style in the aetiology of a
number of diseases, especially in coronary artery disease. Hence, a
feeding experiment was conducted to examine the effect of multiple
cycles of starvation- refeeding on free radical scavenging defense
mechanisms and plasma parameters on male Wister rats.
Methods. Male Wister rats weighing 150-180 g at the beginning of the
study were maintained in standard laboratory conditions. Animals (n = 5/
group) were fed cither rodent chow ad libitum or subjected to 48 hours
starvation and 24 hours refeeding with chow diet for five cycles. After
live cycles body weight, cpididymal fat weight were measured. Blood
samples collected were used for various analyses.
Results: We found that body weight and cpididymal fat weight of
starved-refed animals reduced significantly compared to control animals
(p<0.02). The level of plasma triglycerides, fasting glucose and
erythrocyte reduced glutathione decreased significantly (p<0.05). On
the other hand, the plasma cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels
increased significantly (p<0.05). The erythrocyte catalase and
glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly elevated.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Rranhin Point
a
-j
Conclusions: Although there is a reduction in adipose tissue weight and
plasma triglycerides concentrations, our results suggest that multiple
cycles of starvation re-feeding increases oxidative stress along with total
cholesterol, the most powerful predictors of risk for developing coronary
artery disease.
OL-6
SERUM PARAOXONASE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
s
■-
VJ|
T-X3*
'
r.g
rjEBl
3
3
3
3
3
3
Usha Anand. Ashita Sharma, C.V. Anand
Department of Biochemistry. MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore560054.
Introduction: Paraoxonase (PON), an arylesterase (EC 3.1.8.1),
circulates in association with HDL. Its physiological role is still
uncertain, although evidence exists for a protective effect of PON against
oxidative stress. Because dyslipidemias are a common occurrence in
diabetes mellitus, PON activities and lipid profile were assayed in
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: PON activities were assayed in 100 male non-smoking
diabetic patients (duration of diabetes > 2 years) and in 30 age-matched
controls. Patients who were on lipid lowering drugs were excluded from
the study. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides
(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1-1DL-C) were estimated
using the Dade Behring Dimension AR Clinical Chemistry analyzer.
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the
Friedwalde formula. PON was assayed by the spectrophotometric
method using p-nitrophcnyl acetate as the substrate.
Results: Serum PON activities were significantly lower in diabetics
when compared with age-matched controls (p<0.001). A positive
correlation was observed between PON and HDL-C. There was no such
correlaton between PON and TC, TG and LDL-C.
Conclusion: PON is known to function as an antioxidant and lower
levels of PON could lead to an increase in the steady state levels of lipid
peroxides. The higher levels of oxidized LDL known to be present in
diabetics could be partly due to low PON activity.PROTECTIVE
EFFICACY OF MENTHA PIPERITA AGAINST ARSENIC
INDUCED RENAL DAMAGES IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
♦Mukesh Kumar Sharma, Ambika Sharma and Madhu Kumar
*Dcpartment of Zoology, S.N.K.P. Govt. (P.G) College, Neern Ka
Thana-332713, Distt-Sikar, (Rajasthan),
SESSION IV
IL-15
ANTIOXIDANT PROOXIDANT MECHANISM OF BILIRUBIN
3
S.Adhikari
Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamic Division,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
3
3
3
Introduction: Bilirubin (BR), a toxic metabolite of heme was regarded
as a waste to be excreted. An impaired excretion results in jaundice, a
well recognizable symptom of liver disease. Only in 1987, Stocker et al.
have shown for the first time that BR can act as an antioxidant in vivo at a
micromolar concentration and can inhibit lipid peroxidation initiated by
peroxyl radicals. BR has been reported to protect cells from
neurotoxicity and myocardial ischemia. Recently a multiplied effect in
the antioxidant effect of BR via a redox cycling involving BR-ROS-BV
and biliverdin reductase has been proposed. Of late the potential function
of BR and BV against the damaging elTccts of uncontrolled NO
production has also been suggested. All these studies provide a
motivation to study the reactions of BR with bio-relevant free radicals in
order to understand the mechanistic pathway.
Methods: The experiment was carried out with a cyclic voltammeter
(Acochemie Autolab, model PG STAT 20) using a thrcc-clectrodc system
viz. Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode, a glassy carbon electrode as the
working electrode and a platinum wire as a counter electrode. The pulse
radiolysis system using 7 MeV electrons has been used to follow the
reactions.
Results: The mechanism for the reaction of BR with oxidizing
radicals as reported so far is the following. The hydroxyl radical on
reacting with BR forms a tetrapyrole pigment via a radical adduct. One
electron oxidizing radicals like N,', Br,", CCltOO. form the radical
cation. A detailed mechanistic study for the reaction of BR with
hydroxyl, glutathiyl, linoleic acid peroxyl and nitrogen dioxide radicals
is reported here. Direct evidence of hydrogen abstraction mechanism for
oxidation of BR has been observed and will be discussed. This study
demonstrates that hydroxyl, glutathiyl and methyl radicals abstract
hydrogen from BR and forms a carbon-centered radical. In presence of
oxygen the carbon-centered radical of bilirubin forms a peroxyl radical.
In contrast to CCl^OO' radical reactions reported earlier, linoleic acid
peroxyl radical reacts via hydrogen abstraction. In the case of NO,'
radical reaction, BR radical cation is produced.
Conclusions: The antioxidant action of bilirubin is generally via radical
scavenging. For physiologically relevant radicals abstraction of a
hydrogen atom from central methylene group of bilirubin is the
predominant reaction pathway.
IL-16
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE INTESTINE IN LIVER
CIRRHOSIS:
ROLE IN SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL
PERITONITIS
Baiasubramanyam K.A.
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Department of Gastrointestinal
Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore
Liver cirrhosis is a pathological condition that reflects irreversible injury
of the hepatic parenchyma in association with extensive fibrosis.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common illness in patients
with cirrhosis and bacterial translocation from the gut plays an important
role. This study looked at oxidative stress in the intestine, alterations in
the luminal bacterial flora and changes in the surface sugars in the
intestinal epithelium during development of liver cirrhosis. Liver
cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide
(200mg / kg body weight). Development of the disease was confirmed by
histology, scrum markers and hepatic hydroxy proline content.
Surfactant like particles and brash border membranes and mitochondria
were isolated from the intestine and looked for oxidative stress and
glycosylation changes during development of cirrhosis. Ceca and cecal
luminal contents were harvested from control and cirrhotic rats and the
luminal bacteria flora were quantitated and their adherence property
tested in vitro. Mild oxidative stress was seen in the intestine at I and 2
months of treatment which was increased significantly after the
development ofcirrhosis. The surface sugars such as sialic acid, fucose,
hexose and hexosamine were increased in both surfactant like particles
and brash border membranes in experimental liver cirrhosis and was
associated with increased bacterial adherence. There was significant
increase in total number of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria,
predominantly E.coli and bactcriods in cirrhosis as compared to control.
These studies suggest that liver cirrhosis is associated with oxidative
stress and surface sugar alterations in the intestinal epithelium along with
qualitative and quantitative alterations in the luminal bacteria resulting
in increased bacterial adherence. This might facilitate bacterial
translocation leading to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
tNTlOXIDANTS « DESTINATION 5AWA
IL-17
CIRCADIAN PERIODICITY OF HUMAN CIRCULATING
LIPID PEROXIDES AND ANTI-OXIDANT ENZYMES AS
PUTATIVE MARKERS IN CIRRHOSISOFL1 VER.
treated rats. These results suggest that FA is an effective anti-fibrotic
agent and can provide substantial protection against alcohol and APUFA
induced toxicity.
Ranjana Singh, AAMahdi, AKTripathi and Raj K Singh
Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine,
King George's Medical University ( Upgraded King George's Medical
college), Lucknovv-226 003.
Introduction: The chronome (from chronos, time, and nomos, rule), or
time structure of lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant defense mechanism
may relate to prevention and curative chronotherapeutic efficacy and
management.
Patients and Methods: 50 patients with cirrhosis of liver, 25 to 45 years
of age and 60 age-matched clinically healthy volunteers were
synchronized for one week with diumal activity from about 06:00 to
about 22:00 and nocturnal rest. Breakfast was around 08:30, lunch
around 13:00 and dinner around 20:30. Drugs known to affect the free
.radical system (its nature, rhythm and concentration) were not taken.
Blood samples were collected at every 6-hourly intervals for complete
24 hours under standardized, presumably 24-hour synchronized
conditions. Determinations included plasma lipid peroxides, in the form
of malondialdehyde (MDA), blood superoxide dismutase (SOD),
catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
, glutathione reductase (GR) activities and serum total protein, albumin,
ascorbic acid, and uric acid concentrations.
Results: A marked circadian variation was demonstrated for each
variable in each group by population -mean cosinor (P<0.01). In addition
to overall anticipated differences in overall mean value (MESOR),
patients differed from healthy volunteers also in terms of their circadian
pattern.
Conclusion: Mapping the broader time structure (chronome), with age
and multifrequency rhythm characteristics of anti-oxidants and pro
oxidants is needed for exploring their putative therapeutic role as
markers in cirrhosis of liver chronoprevention, if any, and their
management.
IL-18
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF FERULIC ACID, A NATURAL
PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANT ON LIVER FIBROSIS
Venugopal P. Menon,
Professor and Chairman,
Department of Biochemistry & Center for Micronutrient Research,
Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002,
Tamilnadu, India.
Alcohol related disabilities are one of the world's major public health
concerns. Ethanol is a powerful inducer of liver fibrosis and other
associated pathological abnormalities. The alcohol-induced fibrosis is
further aggravated when diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid are
consumed. At present there is a resurgence of interest in natural
principles for the treatment of various ailments. Ferulic acid (FA), a
natural phenolic compound with largest bioavailability receives lot of
attention in the research world because of its potent antioxidant activity.
This prompted us to investigate on the biological activity of ferulic acid
against alcohol and thermally oxidized sunflower oil (A
PUFA) induced fibrosis. We tested the antifibrotic potential of ferulic
acid by analyzing its influence over lipid pcroxidative indices,
antioxidant status, Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), Tissue Inhibitors
of Matrix Metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and the levels of collagen the
markers of fibrotic changes. Our result showed administration of FA
significantly reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation, and improved the
antioxidant status, reduced the levels of collagen and TIMPs and
positively modulated the activities of MMPs in alcohol and/or A PUFA
IL-19
NICOTINE INHIBITS NITRIC OXIDE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS
INORALEPITHELIALCELLS
Vishwanatha JamboorK. Gopalakrishnan, VelliyurK.
Univ, of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
Development of oral cancer is clearly linked to the usage of smokeless
tobacco. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process
are not well understood. Towards this goal, we have investigated the
effect of smokeless tobacco exposure on apoptosis of oral epithelial
cells. Exposure of oral epithelial cells to smokeless tobacco extract
(STE) induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, until a threshold
level of nicotine is achieved upon which apoptosis is inhibited. Nicotine
inhibits apoptosis induced by STE in these cells. Exposure of cells to
nicotine alone has no effect on apoptosis, but nicotine inhibits apoptosis
induced by other agents present in STE. The anti-apoptotic action of
nicotine is specifically associated with the down-regulation of nitric
oxide (NO) production. By using specific inducers of NO, we have
demonstrated that inhibition of apoptosis by nicotine is through down
regulation of NO production.
We further demonstrate that
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity is significantly down-regulated
during inhibition of apoptosis by nicotine. Inhibition of apoptosis is a
hallmark of many tumor suppressors and may lead to development of
cancer. Thus, our data indicate that inhibition of STE-induced apoptosis
OL-7
HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL
OF Luffa acutangula (var) amara AGAINST CCL4 INDUCED
LIVER DYSFUNCTION
Prabu Daniel.E, Clement Atlee.W,
Shanmuganathan. K
Raju
Ilavarasan,
Department of Pharmacology, C.L.Baid Mctha College of Pharmacy,
Chennai.
INTRODUCTION: Carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) is a potent
hepatotoxicant producing liver fibrosis. In liver fibrosis cell death occurs
due to destruction of plasma membrane by various mechanisms
including free radicals. CCI4 is biotransformed to trichloromethyl
radical. This free radical reacts with oxygen to form trichloromethyl
peroxy radical, which attacks lipids on the membrane. In the present
study CCI4 used to induce liver damage and the hepatoprotective nature
of the extracts ofLuffa acutangula (var) amara is evaluated.
METHODS: Leaves of Luffa acutangula (var) amara were extracted
with Ethyl acetate (EAELA) and Ethanol (EELA) and used for the study.
Albino rats of either sex (150-200g) were divided into 5 groups with 6
animals each. All the groups (11,111, IV, V) rccived CCI4 in olive oil (1:1)
at a single dose of (3ml/kg/i.p). Animals in group III, IV, V received
silymarin (25mg/kg/p.o), EAELA (200mg/kg/p.o), EELA
(200mg/kg/p.o) respectively for five days prior to challenge. Group I &
II served as control and received only vehicle and CCI4 on the 5th day.
On the 6th day animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Blood and liver
is collected and processed for the estimation of biochemical parameters.
RESULTS: Animals in CCI4 treated groups showed significant increase
in liver enzyme marker levels. Pretreatment with silymarin, EAELA,
EELA showed significant (p<0.001) reversal of the elevated levels of the
marker enzymes in liver. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti
oxidants levels decreased in CC14 treated animals and reversed to
normal in silymarin (p<0.001), EAELA (p<0.01), EELA (p<0.001)
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
treated rats.
CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that both extracts of Luffa
acutangula (var) amara (EAELA, EELA) showed marked
antioxidants, vitamins and hepatoprotective drugs arc some of the
therapeutic options.
SESSION V
PL-4
OL-8
GASTRIC ULCER HEALING BY A POTENT HERBAL FREE
RADICAL SCAVENGER: PIPER BETLE LINN & ITS
ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
Sayanti Bhattacharya, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Bandyopadhyay
INTRODUCTION: Role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of peptic
ulceration is now well known. Oxygen derived free radicals has also
been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute gastric ulceration
induced by an NSA1D. Indomethacin. Thus after acid, pepsin and
Helicobacter pylori, the generation of free radicals could well become
another major factor to contend with in the management of peptic ulcers.
In our present study, we have aimed for a plant drug, having potent free
radical scavenging property with safety and efficacy to be used as an
anti-ulcerogenic drug.
METHODS: Ethanolic extract of Piper betle Linn .(PBE) is tested
against NSA1D induced gastric ulcer in Male Wister rats(200g avg
wkj.The oxidized metabolites and cellular antioxidants levels were
measured.
Besides, in vitro free radical scavenging activity of PBE for various ROS
(LOO", OH", 02'
etc) was seen. The in vivo experiments to
determine the Lymphoproliferative effect of PBE was also done.The
Epidermal Growth Factor level in the gastric tissue was also measured.
The active components from PBE were isolated and tested against the
similar parameters.
RESULT: PBE and its active components have shown reduction in ulcer
index (P*0.001), increased protein content, excellent free radical
scavenging action (both in vivo and in vitro) (P*0.001), and significant
increase in Epidermal growth Factor content (P*O.OOI).. They have
lymphoproliferative property as well.Active component Pl has shown
somewhat better effect than P2 in all the tests. CONCLUSION:All these
data suggested that PBE and its active compounds can exert a strong anti
ulceraction via its antioxidant and immunomodulator}'mechanism.
OL-9
EFFECT OF CHOLINE DERIVATIVES IN THE TREATMENT
OF ETHANOL MEDIATED FREE RADICAL INDUCED
HEPATOTOXICITY
Subir Kumar Das and D.M.Vasudevan
NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS PREVENT NEURODE
GENERATION DISEASES
BaoluZhao,
Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.
Tea catechins (TC) are usually expected as scavengers of free radicals.
However not all the actions of TC arc necessarily beneficial. Here wc
demonstrated TC could protect PC 12 cells against apoptosis caused by
6-OHDP but promote SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis caused by NO
free radicals. We investigated the effects of exposure of PC 12 cells to 6OH DA alone or associated with prc-lrcatmenl of TC. Exposure of PC 12
cells to 6-OHDA induced a concentration dependent decrease in cell
viability determined by MTT assay and apoptosis of PC 12 cells observed
by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and DNA fragmentation
technique. TC displayed significantly inhibitory effects against PC 12
cell death. EGCG and ECG were more effective that TC but EGC, EC
and (+)-C were less effective.
The ncuroprotcctive effect of genistein against A725-35- induced
apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons was studied. It was found
that A?25-35-induced apoptosis, indicated by decreased cell viability,
neuronal DNA condensation and fragmentation, is associated with the
increase of intracellular free CA2+ level, the accumulation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS), and the activation of caspase-3. All these
phenotypes induced by A725-35- arc reverted by genistein. Our results
further show that at nanomolar level, genistein protects neurons from A?
25-35- induced damages largely via the estrogen receptor (ER)mediated pathway and at micromolar level, the neuroprotcctivc effect of
genistein is mainly mediated by its antioxidative properties.
Flavonoids extracted from Crataegus (CF) on brain ischemic insults
were investigated in Mongolian gerbil stroke model. Results showed that
pretreatment of the animals with CF decreased ROS, TBARS, and
nitrite/nitrate in brain homogenate, increased the brain homogenate
antioxidant level in a dose dependent manner. And pretreatment with CF
increased the amount of biological available NO. At same time, the
content of nitrite/nitrate increased NO, while oral pretreatment with CF
decreased the nitrite/nitrate content in the brain homogenate and
increased the biological available NO concentration. iNOS was implied
in delayed neuron death after brain ischemic damage and it was found
that pretreatment with CF could decrease the protein level of TNF-?
and NFkB, and increase the mRNA level of NOS estimated by western
blotting and RT-PCR. There were more neurons survived and less cells
suffered apoptosis in the hippocampal CAI region of CF treated animal
brain tested.
Department of Biochemistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences,
Cochin 682026, Kerala
Liver damage due to consumption of alcohol may be caused by oxygen
radicals such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, generated during the
metabolism ofethanol by the microsomal oxidizing system. Lecithin, an
important class of phospholipids contains choline, which is considered
as lipotropic factor. The effects of this lecithin as a hepatoprotective drug
on body weight and other biochemical parameters (especially liver
function tests and antioxidant status) of ethanol exposed rats were
studied- The results were compared with the effects of a-tocopherol
(vitamin E). From the present study, it can be concluded that ethanolinduced stress can be partly p re \ e n t cd by a
-tocopherol (vitamin E). Abstination from alcohol also involved for little
hepatic regeneration. Supplementation of lecithin showed a minimal
effect on reversing the effect of ethanol induced liver damage in the
present study. Moreover, preventive measures were found to be better
than curative treatment. This study further suggested that the oxidative
stress is one of the proposed mechanisms for Alcoholic liver diseases.
However, abstinence from alcohol, proper nutrition, supplementation of
PL-5
MODULATION OF PROTEIN OXIDATION BY
ANT1OXIDANTS-IMPLICATIONS OR NEURONAL
PROTECTION
Tilman Grunc,
Senior Research Assistant, Professor. Research Institute of Enviro nmcntal Medicine. Postal address: Aufm, Hennekamp 50, 40225,
Ducsseldorf, Germany.
Oxidative stress plays an important role in cell death associated with
many diseases. Such a condition is always connected with the formation
of oxidatively modified proteins. Oxidatively modified proteins are
selectively recognized and degraded by the protcasomal system. The
isolated proteasome is able to degrade moderately oxidized proteins,
whereas severe oxidized
model proteins are poor substrales of the protease. Therefore, these
severely oxidized proteins accumulate and might facilitate the disease.
Such a role of oxidized protein aggregates is postulated in aging and
neurodegenerativediseases. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that
the recognition of oxidized proteins by the proteasome is due to
unfolding and to the exposure of hydrophobic moielies on the protein
surface. In living mammalian cells we were able to demonstrate that the
proteasome is the proteolytic system responsible for the degradation of
oxidized proteins and that the exposure of cells to oxidants is followed by
an enhanced protein turnover. Since protein oxidation is one of the
potential pathophysiological factors in a number of oxidative stress
related diseases it is important to prevent this process. Therefore, wc
undertook the attempt to lest whether antioxidants are able to protect the
proteins from oxidation in in vitro systems. Furthermore, several
synthetic compounds and plant extracts were tested by us for the ability
to protect the intracellularprotein pool from oxidation.
IL-20
DOES REM SLEEP DEPRIVATION RESULT IN OXIDATIVE
STRESS?
D.C.Mathangi,
Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and
Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600 116
India
Introduction: Free radicals and the resulting oxidative stress have been
implicated as one of the causes for the effects of sleep deprivation like
increased food intake and weight loss. Hence effect of REM sleep
deprivation (REMSD) on brain oxidative stress was investigated in the
current study.
Method: Wistar strain male rats weighing between 150-180g were
deprived of REM sleep using the inverted flower pot technique. The
animals were divided into four subgroups of six animals each based on
the duration of REMSD 24,48,72 and 96 hours. Following the specified
duration of REMSD animals were sacrificed and discrete regions of the
brain, hypothalamus, midbrain, hindbrain and cerebral cortex, were
dissected out for the study of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase
(SOD), catalase (CAT), total reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione
peroxidase (GPX). All these results were compared with REM control
animals as well as cage control animals. The effectiveness of restorative
sleep in returning back these changes to baseline values were also
investigated by allowing the animals to sleep in their home cages for 12,
18 and 24 hrs after depriving them of REM sleep for 96hrs. All the
results obtained were analyzed using two way analysis of variance with
time and group as main effects.
Results: REM sleep deprivation resulted in increase in lipid
peroxidation and significant decrease in the levels of the antioxidant
enzymes SOD, CAT and also GSH and GPX in all the regions studied.
These changes were also time dependent. All these changes reverts back
to baseline value gradually by 24 hours of restorative sleep
Conclusion: Th is study shows REM sleep deprivation (24h 96h) results
in oxidative stress, which is reversible.
IL-21
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION & AGE RELATED CHANGES IN
OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS
OF SHR RAT BRAIN
H.A.Nadiger, K.N.S.Sirajudeen and Tec Chee Woui
Dept, of Chemical Pathology, School of Med. Sciences,
University Sains Malaysia. 16150, Kubangkcrian. Kelantan, Malaysia
Introduction: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis
of organ damage associated both with normal ageing and hypertension.
Age related changes in oxidative damage & antioxidant enzyme
activities in brain reported in normotensive and a few hypertensive
animal models but rarely in SHR, have been controversial and
inconclusive. Regional distributions and age related changes in
oxidative stress markers & activities of NaKATPase and Ach.estcrasc in
the Cerebral Cortex. Cerebellum and Brain stem of WKY and SHR rats
were studied to understand their role in hypertensive brain damage.
Methods: Six animals from WKY and SHR strains obtained from the
same colony were sacrificed serially at 6. 12. 18, 24, 32, 40, 48 & 56
weeks of age. Contents of TBARS. Protein carbonyls, GSH, GSSG and
activities of SOD, Catalase, GSH, GR, GST, NaKATPase. Ach. Esterase
were determined in cerebral cortex (CC), cerebellum (CB) and brain
stem (BS).
Results: SHR rats showed high SBP and low body wts at all time points.
TBARS from wk. 24 and prot. Carbonyls from wk. 32 onwards increased
in all the brain regions. GSH content and GSH/GSSG ratio were low in
SHR at all time points and were lowest in BS.GPx, GR, GST, SOD.
NaKATPase, Ach. esterase were low in all the brain regions but showed
differences in the time course of their change. Catalase activity was low
in CB from wk.32 but in CC and BS showed varying levels at different
time points.
Conclusions: Oxidative damage to lipids and proteins is increased in all
brain regions with increasing SBP in SHR. Activities of NaKATPase and
Ach.estcrasc decrease with increasing SBP. There are regional
differences in the contents and the time course of changes in the
antioxidant enzyme activities. Oxidative stress increases with increasing
SBP in SHR brain despite the fact that SHR are not prone to develop
stroke Critical levels of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and coping
mechanisms to combat the oxidative stress may play important roles in
hypertensive end organ damage.
IL-22
NEUROPROTECTION OF RGC-5 CELLS AGAINST
GLUTAMATE INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE BY A NOVEL
2-ADAMANTYL ESTROGEN ANALOGUE, ZYC-3
D.M. Kumar1, E. Perez2, Z.Y. Cai', D.F. Covey3, J.W. Simpkins2, and
N.Aganval
Departments of Cell Biology & Genetics1; Pharmacology &
Neuroscience2, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Molecular
Biology and Pharmacology3, Washington University, School of
Medicine, St.Louis, MO.
Introduction: Synthetic estrogen analogues, with minimal affinity for
estrogen receptors, may provide a highly effective and safe alternative to
native estrogens as ncuroprotectants.
Methods: Estrogen and analogue receptor binding assays were
performed with an enzyme fragment complementation assay kit. The
antioxidant capacity of 17-estradiol and ZYC-3 was assessed via lipid
peroxidation, using TBARs assay. Neuroprotective effects of 17cstradiol and ZYC-3 was assessed by neutral red dye uptake assay in
RGC-5 cells, pretreated with 17-estradiol or ZYC-3, in the presence or
absence of ICI compound, followed by an insult with 1-glutamic acid. To
assess ifglutamate-cystine antiporter is involved in neuroprotection by
ZYC-3. cystine uptake was examined in RGC-5 cells pretreated with
ZYC-3, followed by glutamate challenge, by a ”S-cystine uptake assay. glutamylcystcine synthetase levels were examined by western blot
analysis. Glutathione levels were measured by HPLC.
Results: ZYC-3 had a minimal or no binding to estrogen receptors.
Glutamate treatment resulted in 50-60% RGC-5 death. EC,0 values for
inhibition of TBAR levels were 20 fold lower for ZYC-3 than 17estradiol. 17-estradiol and ZYC-3 (0.5 to 1.0M) protected RGC-5s
against glutamate cytotoxicity. These compounds worked independent
of estrogen receptors, as inclusion of 100 nM ICI compound did not
reverse their neuroprotective properties against glutamate insult. Cystine
uptake and glutathione levels were 3 fold higher in ZYC-3 pretreated
cells as compared to glutamate treated cells.
-glutamylcystcine
synthetase levels were enhanced over both control and glutamate treated
samples.
Conclusions: ZYC-3 may function as a potent antioxidant by
scavenging oxidative free radicals. ZYC-3 may upregulatc components
ofthe glutathione synthesis pathyway. Taken together this compound has
demonstrated powerful anti-oxidant capabilities both as a direct
scavenger of tree radicals and by enhancing glutathione synthesis. Thus,
it may be used in treatment of ncurodegenerative diseases. Supported by
AHAF-National Glaucoma Program (NA) and AG 10485 and AG22550
(JWS).
designed to estimate these enzymes in erythrocytes of patients with
neurological disorders and compare the values with those of normal
subjects, and use these parameters as markers of oxidative stress.
Random venous blood samples were collected from 109 patients with
various neurological disorders and 50 age and sex matched normal
subjects. Patients with neurological disorders included 46 hemorrhagic
strokes, 29 epilepsy, 19 meningitis, 15 Parkinson's disease cases. RBCs
were separated from plasma and used for the estimation of SOD, CT, GP
and GR in both the groups. These findings were statistically compared
RBC GR activity was significantly decreased in all types neurological
disorders compared to controls. Stroke patients showed significantly low
SOD activity. GP and CT levels remained normal in the patients
irrespective ofthe type of the disease.
It can be concluded that functional insufficiency of RBC GR activity
plays an essential role in the development of oxidative stress in the RBCs
of the patients with brain disorders.
OL-10
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON
CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC REPERFUSION INJURY
SESSION-VI
K. Nagcswari,
School of Bioscicnces and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076 India
Oxidative stress is important in the pathophysiological mechanisms
underlying acute central nervous system (CNS) injury. The discovery
and development of potent antioxidant agents has been one of the most
interesting and promising approaches in the search for treatment of CNS
injury. Antioxidants of varying chemical structures have been
investigated as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute CNS injury.
Although some of the antioxidants showed efficiency in animal models,
most of them did not show beneficial effect in clinical trials performed to
date. To achieve efficacy, the antioxidant must be given during the "time
window” available between the vascular event and irreversible neuronal
loss and also these agents might be particularly important not only in
those patients who cannot receive thrombolysis but also in those who,
undergoing this type of treatment, are al risk for so-called reperfusion
injury. Reoxygenation during reperfusion provides oxygen to sustain
neuronal viability and also provides oxygen as a substrate for numerous
enzymatic oxidation reactions that produce reactive oxidants. In
addition, reflow after occlusion often causes an increase in oxygen to
levels that cannot be utilized by mitochondria under normal
physiological flow conditions. During reperfusion, perturbation of the
antioxidaiive defense mechanisms is a result of the overproduction of
oxygen radicals, inactivation of detoxification systems, and
consumption of antioxidants in the ischemic brain tissue. Reactive
oxygen species may cause peroxidation of lipids, DNA damage, and
oxidative injury of several key molecules essential for cell survival.
Better understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms of
acute CNS injury' and improvement of the molecular design of
antioxidants will open a full spectrum of possibilities for treatment of
various types of injuries.
OL-I1
ERYTHROCYTE ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AS THE
MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN NEUROLOGICAL
DISORDERS
IL-23
FREE RADICAL DAMAGE, DIABETES MELLITUS AND
DI ETARYANTIOXI DANTS
Bapat MM,
The Institute ofScience, Mumbai 400 032, India.
Introduction: Free radical damage such as those induced by ionizing
radiation and photosensitization has been implicated in various diseased
states including diabetes. Oxidation of low density lipoprotein has been
thought to be one of the possible factors in atherogcncsis. Such damage
may also be induced by increased level of oxidative stress during
exposure to radiation. The free radical damage in the form of lipid
peroxidation induced by photosensitization in diabetic patients and rats
was examined. Antioxidants derived from dietary sources would have
the potential application in preventing the cellular damage induced by
free radicals and thus the disease. Garcinia indica, (kokam) a commonly
used Indian spice has been considered to have many medicinal
properties. The antioxidant property of kokam in various forms was
investigated in this connection.
Methods: Experimental diabetes in rats was induced by streptozotocin
injection. Oxidation of LDL and tissue fractions was carried out in the
presence of copper sulphate or methylene blue plus visible light on
photoexcitation. The generated singlet oxygen, thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances, conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides formed
were estimated.
Results: The potential for peroxidation, induced by photosensitization
and copper sulphate was high in blood of diabetic patients and rats.
Photochemically induced peroxidation in rat brain and liver on other
hand was low during diabetes. It is likely that tissues in diabetic rat
contain a higher level of singlet oxygen quenchers than the respective
controls. Blood from diabetics may be poorer in antioxidants due to the
enormous amount of glucose and other secondary metabolites present in
blood which may affect the delicately maintained balance between
pcroxidants and antioxidants. It was found that various fractions of
kokam show antioxidant action at different level. The standardization of
proper doses of dietary sources which show antioxidant property would
be useful in control of diabetes as well as CVD and may be other
diseases.
Sudha.K. AVRao, Anjali Rao
Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Basic Sciences
Kasturba Medical College. Mangalore
Oxidative stress is one of the causes of the complications in neurological
disorders.Several antioxidants are involved in the defence mechanisms
against oxidants.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CT),
Glutathione peroxidase (GP), Glutathione reductase (GR) arc some of
the most important antioxidant enzymes. Hence present study was
IL-24
Ilavazhagan,
IL-25
REGULATORY ROLE OF ROS AND RNS IN EXPRESSION OF
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR API IN BREAST CANCER
.1. Bhattachariee and M.L. Sherpa
Department of Biochemistry', Lady Hardingc Medical College, New
Delhi.
Background.- Reactive oxygen species such as superoxide (O'),
hydrogen peroxide (H:O,), hydroxyl radical (OH) and reactive nitrogen
species (RNS) like nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO) have been
shown to play a significant role in mutagenesis and tumorogenesis. AP1
is a composite transcription factor (activator protein). It is a homo or
heterodimer DNA binding protein composed of either 2-jun family
members (c-jun, jun-B. jun D) or one jun and one fos family protein (cfos, fos B, fra 1, fra2). ROS and RNS have been shown to induce c-fos
and c-jun oncoproteins, which can lead to carcinogenesis.
endurance run. The number of stimuli decreased in the group given drug.
Removal of drug increased the number of stimuli but gradually over the
period of four wccks.Brahmi extract, one of the important constituent of
CIHP, had similar effect. The endurance run was increased in rats
receiving drugs as compared with the controls. In high mountains, the
mental performance of man gets highly compromised due to hypoxia. A
di fferent CI H P containing another basket of herbal extracts and minerals
was able to relatively restore higher cognitive functions in man.
The mechanism by which CIHPs and Brahmi extracts enhanced
mentalEperformancc is little understood though the active constituents
have been characterised.However,the enhanced mental performnace
could be due to increase in the availability of tissue oxygenation,
availability ofE nutritional factors leading to improved neurotransmitter
regeneration and/or improvement in free radical scavenging system.
Aim: To study nitric oxide and scavenger enzymes in one hand and cfos& c-jun expression on other hand in breast cancer patients.
IL-27
Materials and Methods: 25 women with breast cancer were taken to
evaluate the blood levels for oxidative damage markers and antioxidants
(like MDA, NO, GSH. GPx and SOD) and cancerous breast tissue to
evaluate the level of expression of transcription factors c-fos and cjun.25 age and sex matched healthy women without any breast disease
served as control for the study of blood parameters. Tumor free adjacent
healthy breast tissue from mastectomised breast of 25 breast cancer
patients of study group and healthy breast tissue from 5 benign breast
disease patients served as control for the study of transcription factors cfos and c-jun.
METAL INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE ROLE OF
ANTIOXIDANT IN THE CHELATION THERAPY
Results: The mean serum levels of NO were higher in study group than
controls (p=0.013). A comparison between the study and control group
showed higher levels of MDA in the study group (p-0.064). The
difference between the mean values of GSH in the study group and the
control group was also statistically significant (p-0.042). The SOD and
GPx levels showed no statistically significant difference between the
two groups. The expression of c-fos and c-jun in the cancer patients
ranged from high to very' high, whereas the expression of c-fos and c-jun
in the control group ranged from nil to moderate (p<0.001).
Conclusion.* The increased levels of nitric oxide and glutathione in the
blood of patients and the high levels of expression ofc-fos and c-jun may
further lend credence to the fact that transcription factors are redox
regulated. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of AP-1 needs to
be defined before we can think of using redox status to study the
expression of this transcription factor.
IL-26
HERBS FOR ENHANCING MENTAL PERFORMANCE
K.K.Srivastava.
Emeritus Professor, B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research.
Delhi University. EDelhi 110007, INDIA
ESeveral herbs have been prescribed in oriental systems of medicine for
enhancing mental performance, Dhi, Dhriti and Smriti, dependant on age
of the individual. Several of these have been experimentally testedEand
commercialized as well.Ayurveda prescribes some single herbs for
enhancing mental performance. Some of the important ones are; Vaca
(/\corus calamus), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis),
Mandukpami (Centclla asiatica). Guduci (Tinospora cordifoiia),
Yasthimadhu (Glycitrhiza glabra) and Brahmi (Bacopa monnicri). A
basket of such herbal extracts. Composite Indian Herbal Preparation
(CHIP), was investigated for avoidanca learning during endurance
performance in albino rats using Runimax. a circular runway. The oral
dose ofCIHP was 47.86 mg/100 gm body wt. once a day for 5 days /week
in a cross over experiment involving 5 weeks of drug intake and 4 weeks
of withdraw!. Learning ability and memory retention was evaluated by
counting the number of electrical stimuli recieved/avoided during the
S.J.S Flora
Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and
Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474 002. India.
It is well known that number of transition metals acts as catalysts in the
oxidative deterioration of biological macromolecules and therefore, the
toxicitics associated with these metals may be due at least in part to
oxidative tissue damage. Metals like lead and metalloids like arsenic are
known to deplete glutathione and protein bound sulfhydryl groups
resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species as superoxide ions,
hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. As a consequence, enhanced
lipid peroxidation. DNA damage and altered calcium and sulfhydryl
homeostasis occur. Consequently, it is suggested that metal induced
oxidative stress in cells can be partially responsible for the toxic effects
of metals. It is now clearly defined that oxidative stress is one of the
important mechanisms of lead and arsenic induced pathogenesis. There
have number of studies being done to determine the effect of antioxidant
supplementation following heavy metal exposure. Data suggest that
antioxidant may play an important role in abating some hazards of heavy
metals. It is thus, expected that co-administration of an antioxidant
should be an important component of an effective chelation therapy. We
recently reported more pronounced beneficial effects of co
administration of n-acctylcysteinc (NAC) with
meso 2, 3dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in the depletion of arsenic and lead
accompanied by significant recoveries in altered biochemical variables
compared to the treatment with DMSA alone. We also recently reported
an encouraging role of -lipoic acid in reducing oxidative stress in lead
poisoned rats when administered with DMSA or monoisoamyl DMSA
(MiADMSA). Beneficial role of taurine when administered along with a
thiol chelator for the treatment of chronic lead poisoning too was
reported recently by us. Two mechanisms were proposed for the
antioxidant effects of taurine might be protecting cells via intercalating
into the membrane and stabilizing it. A pronounced beneficial role of
vitamin E ( -tocopherol acetate) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) when
administered along with DMSA/MiADMSA in the recovery of lead and
arsenic induced oxidative stress and body metal burden was also
reported.
Thus, use of antioxidants thus brings another level option to the therapy
i.e. the possibility of therapeutic intervention without removing the
patient from the source of toxic metal exposure. Antioxidants are
recognized as safe molecules and may be given to subjects with low level
metal concentrations in their blood even when it is not possible to
remove them from exposure to metals.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
IL-28
IMPLICATIONS OF OXYGEN FREE RADICALS IN THE
FOMATION OFCATARACT
Shambhu Verma,
OL-12
EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT (L-ASCORBIC ACID) ON NICKEL
INDUCED ALTERATION OF NUCLEIC ACID
CONCENTRATION IN RATS.
Nazmun L, Raisa NK, Swastika Das*, AM Patil**, SA Dhundasi,
KKDas
IL-29
PREVENTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS BY MUSHROOM
DERIVED ANTIOXIDANTS
TA. Ajith, N. Sheena, K.K. Janardhanan
Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur 680 555.
Introduction: Our recent investigations showed that extracts of
medicinal mushrooms namely, Ganoderma Lucidum, and Phellimus
rimosus possessed significant in vitro antioxidant activity. Hence wc
examined the eflcct of these mushrooms derived antioxidants to prevent
oxidative stress. Two experimental models, carbontctrachloride-induced
hepatotoxicity in rats and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice, were
used to evaluate this ability of the mushroom preparations.
Methods: Chronic hepatotoxicity in rats was induced by the intoxication
with CCI4 (i.p) 3 times a week for 5 weeks. Methanolic extract of
G.lucidum (500 / 1000 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate extract of P.rimosus
(25/50 mg/kg) were given orally to animals 1 hr before each CCI4
administration. Nephrotoxicity in mice was induced by a high dose of
cisplatin (16 mg/kg). Methanolic extract of Glucidum (250/500 mg/kg)
or ethyl acetate extract of P.rimosus (25/50 mg/kg) was administered 1
hr. prior to cisplatin treatment.
Results: Chronic exposure to CC14 caused depletion of antioxidant
defense in the liver resulting in oxidative stress. The activities of SOD,
CAT and GPx in the liver were significantly elevated (p<0.01) GSH level
enhanced and lipid peroxidation (MDA) reduced significantly by the
treatment with mushroom extracts. The high dose treatment of cisplatin
significantly reduced real SOD, CAT, GPx (p<0.001) and GSH level and
increased lipid peroxidation (p<0.001) indicating oxidative stress. The
administration of mushroom extracts significantly restored the renal
antioxidant defense.
Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology**, Al Ameen
Medical College, Bijapur-586108, Department of Chemistry*,
BLDEA's College of Engineering, Bijapur- 586103, India.
Introduction: Nickel exhibit the ability to produce reactive oxygen
species (ROS) or free radicals resulting in lipid peroxidation, DNA
damage, depletion of sulfhydryl and altered calcium homeostasis. The
present study was designed to elucidate the effect of L-ascorbic acid on
nickel sulfate induced hepatic nucleic acids concentration in rats.
Methods: Adult male Wister strain rats (160 + 5g) were divided into four
groups (n=6). Group I served as an untreated control. Group II rats were
administered nickel sulfate (2.0 mg /100 g body weight, i.p.) on alternate
days until the tenth dose. Group III rats were treated orally with Lascorbic acid (50ing/ 100 g. b.wt.) and Group IV rats were given nickel
sulfate and ascorbic acid simultaneously. Hepatic total protein, RNA and
DNA concentration were determined by the standard methods.
Results: Nickel induced a significant decrease in hepatic DNA, RNA
and protein content in the Group II rats in comparison to untreated
control (Group I). Whereas simultaneous administration of L- ascorbic
acid with nickel sulfate (Group IV) resulted in a remarkable
improvement of hepatic nucleic acids and total protein concentration in
comparison with rats treated with nickel sulfate alone (Group II).
Conclusions: Nickel sulfate appears to be a potential hepatotoxic heavy
metal that affects adversely to the expression of genetic information by
reducing DNA, RNA and protein concentrations in the liver of albino
rats. But simultaneous treatment with L-ascorbic acid relatively prevents
Conclusions: Experimental results reveal that P.rimosus and Glucidum
extracts protect the antioxidant defense in the lever and kidney. The
findings suggest the usefulness of medicinal mushroom extracts to
prevent oxidative stress in the vital organs.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Tuesday 11th Jan-2005
TUESDAY
0730 • 0830
BREAK FAST ROUND TABLE
Jan 11” 2005
0830 - 0900
0915 - 1130
SFRR ORATION BY B.M.HEGDE ON
Topic: "ANTIOXIDANTS AFTER HEART ATTACK"
SYMPOSIUM VII
Sponsored by : M.S. RAMAIAH MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITALS
Venue : MAIN AUDITORIAUM CHAIRPERSONS : PREM PAIS & P. R. KRISHNA SWAMY
SYMPOSIUM VIII
Venue : HALL A
SYMPOSIUM IX
Sponsored by : EUREKA FORBES
Venue: HALL B
Topic : “FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN CANCER"
Topic : "FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND IMMUNITY"
Topic : “FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY"
CHAIRPERSONS :
CHAIRPERSONS :
CHAIRPERSONS:
1. RD Lele (India) 2. Chancerelle Y (France) 3. Chandan K Sen (USA)
1. Raglnl Macaden (India) 2. Umah R. Kuppuswamy (Malaysia) 3. Panda B B (India)
1. TPA Devasagayam (India) 2. Kalanithi Nesarethnam (Malaysia)
3. Khanduja K L (India)
Venue: MAIN AUDITORIUM
IL-30 A.Jaya Deep (India)
: Role of long chain omega-3 fatty acids on
plasma antioxidant status In human subjects
IL-31 Kanthimathi (Malaysia)
'■ The effect of phytosterols on breast cancer cell
proliferation
IL-32 Keshav Singh (USA)
: Mitochondrial oxicative stress and nuclear
genome instability
IL-33 Nagini S (India)
*• Combination chemoprevention by tomato and garlic
in the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model
IL-34 Shahab Uddin(S. Arabs)
’• Curcumin induces growth inhibition of leukemic cells
IL-LS Roisin Molloy (UK)
: Antioxidants the future in disease management
OL-13 Tranum Kaur(lndia)
■' Relationship of molecular biomarkers and
anti-oxidant defense system in esophageal
carcinoma
OL-14 Asha S Raste (India)
PL-6
Nicholas Hunt(Australia)
IL-35 Tuli Biswas India)
IL-36 Neeta Singh (India)
: Radicals, antioxidants and malaria
: Oxidative modification of band 3 in the reduced
survival of erythrocytes in visceral leishmaniasis
IL-37 Abhay Kumar(lndia)
:
: Gene expression profiling in practitioners of
smoke-exposed rats, and the effect of
supplementation with Vitamin E
sudarshan kriya
OL-15 Benedicta D'Souza(lndia) : Comparative study on lipid peroxidation
IL-39 Asha Devi (India)
:
The possible effects of Vitamin E and exercise
on rat erythrocytes to intermittent hypobaric
hypoxia and oxidative stress
IL-40 Barros MP (Brazil)
:
Antioxidant efficiency of astaxanthin in phosphatidyl
choline liposomes as a pH-dependent event
and antioxidants in falciparum and
vivax malaria
OL-16
Brijesh Rathore (India)
: Comparative studies of different organs of
N.arbor tristis in modulation of cytokines in
rheumatoid arthritis
Alkaline water as an antioxidant for healthier life
Anti-Oxidant defences in aortae of cigarette
IL-38 Anand CV (India)
IL-41 Bhattacharya RK (India) :
Suppression of arsenic toxicity by antioxidant
tea polyphenols
IL-42 Goswami K (India)
Ascorbic acid therapy in lead exposed jewellery
workers of Kolkata
OL-17 Meena Shelgaonkar(lndia) : Oxidative stress and the role of antioxidants
in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
: Antioxidant status in disseminated cancer
.
TEA
1130 -1145
SYMPOSIUM X
Venue: MAIN AUDITORIUM
SYMPOSIUM XI
Venue: HALL A
SYMPOSIUM XII
Sponsored by : NATIONAL REFERRAL CENTRE FOR LEAD POISONING IN INDIA.
Venue: HALL B
Topic : “FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN FOOD SCIENCES"
opic : FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND INFERTILITY"
Topic : “FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN TOXICOLOGY
CHAIRPERSONS :
CHAIRPERSONS:
CHAIRPERSONS :
1. Samar Basu (Sweden) 2. Lindsay Brown (Australia) 3. Singh R K (India)
1. Dipak K Das (USA) 2. Debasis Bagchl (USA) 3. Poonam Kakkar (India)
1. Mukherjee T (India) 2. Kanthimathl (Malaysia) 3. Rao B S M (India)
PL-7 Kalyanaraman (USA)
: Mitochondria targeted antioxidants and SOD
mimetics a new class o! therapeutic antioxidants
IL-43 Hettiarachchy Navam(USA) : Total phenolics, phenolic acid constituents,
anitioxidant activities and antimutagenic
activities of selected plant extracts including
bitter melon (bitter gourd).
IL-44 Kalanithi Nesarathnam (Malaysia): Potential health benefits of palm tocotrienols
PL-8 Chandan K Sen (USA)
IL-48
Haegeman (Belgium)
: Soy phytoestrogens counteract age
related cytokine gene expression
IL-49
Palep HS (India)
: Role of cap. torchnil, a herbal
immunomodulator and antioxidant,in
recurrent pregnancy loss
OL-20
Sukanya Shetty (India)
: Plasma ceruloplasmin levels in pregnancy
with pre-eclampsia
0L-21
Vijayalakshmi B (India)
: Alterations in lipid metabolism and
free radical levels in pregnancy
induced hypertension
IL-45 Kiran Ahuja (Australia) : Serum concentration of carotenoids in healthy
adults on various carotenoid controlled diets
IL-46 U.R. Kuppuswamy (Malaysia): Antioxidant enzyme activities in trace element
exposed mononuclear and ovarian cancer cells
0L-18 Kruthika Desai (India)
: Spirulina platensis as a novel source of antiaging
enzyme superoxide dismutase
0L-19 Pugalendi (India)
: Effect of excessive intake of fresh and thermally
oxidized edible oils on redox status in the plasma
and tissues of rats
rn
rpi
iwi
: New horizons in Vitamin E neuroprotection
IL-47 Abbas Ali Mahdi (India) : Seminal plasma antioxidant status in
cigarette smokers
'p
si
^3
IL-50 Chaubey RC (India)
: Modulation of hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative
damage to DNA by taxifolin in mouse
IL-51 Jawali N (India)
: Genetic evidence for the involvement of reactive
oxygen species in bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin
IL-52 Kyung-Sun Kang(Korea) : Chinese cabbage extracts and sulforaphane
can protect H.O, Induced inhibition of gap
junctional inercellular communiation through
the inactivation of Erk1/2 and P38 map kinases
IL-53 Mishra KP (India)
: Radiation induced reactive oxygen species
mediated cell death and its implication in
tumor radiotherapy
IL-54 Mugesh G (India)
: Antioxidant activity of selenoenzymes and
selenium compounds
wj
. ■ ■■ ■■■■■■■!■ ■ ■ ■'■■■■■■■
MM
Um
TUESDAY
Jan 11* 2005
bal
kal
kkj
iual
tad
iud
lud
tai
ud
1 1400 - 1430
LUNCH
1430 - 1600
POSTER
uil
Lad
tai
Lu
lls
uLa
[&&
Lu
SYMPOSIUM XIII
Venue: MAIN AUDITORIUM
SYMPOSIUM XIV
Sponsored by:
Venue : HALL A
SYMPOSIUM XV
Venue: HALL B
Topic : “FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN AGEING & APOPTOSIS"
Topic : "FREE RADICALSAND ANTIOXIDANTS IN RADIATION BIOLOGY"
Topic: "NITRIC OXIDE"
CHAIRPERSONS:
1. Hideyuki Majima (Japan) 2. Ramsarma T (India) 3. Chainy G B N (India)
CHAIRPERSONS:
CHAIRPERSONS:
1. Kanagasabapathy (India) 2. Chandan K Sen (USA) 3. Virupaksha H. S. (India)
1. Kang K S (Korea) 2. Parameshwaran (Australia) 3. T. Malati (India)
1600 - 1830
Lb
PL -9 Lele RD(lndia)
: Ageing and free radicals:
A review
IL-59 Chancerelle Y (France)
: Treatment of local exposition to radiation
injury: the french experience
PL-11 Gerald Wolf (Germany)
:
Mitochondria, Nitrosative/Oxidative stress, and the
crossroads for damaging and protective pathways
PL-10 Sainis KB (India)
- Differential responses of cells to natural
compounds In Vitro and in Vivo
IL-60 Huilgol N.(India)
: A Phase i trial of tocoferol monoglucoside (Tmg)
in patients undergoing hemi-body radiation
IL-65 Malini Krishna(lndia)
:
Inhibition of radiation induced tyrosine nitration
of proteins by curcumin and nicotinamide.
IL-55 Aroor (India)
■ Role of oxidetive stress in alcohol suppression
of immune response
IL-61 NairC K K (India):
: Possible use of antioxidants as radioproteclors
IL-66 PoduvalTB (India)
:
IL-62 Prasad MNV (India)
: Radiophytoremediation
L-Arginine treatment rescues mice from heat stroke
induced death, role of nitrosative and oxidative stress
IL-67 Suvro Chatterjee(lndia)
:
Time, space and nitric oxide: The three
dimensions of NOS
IL-68 Udayan Ray (Australia)
:
The inhibition of insulin induced nitric oxide
synthesis by blood platelets in chronic
cigarette smokers
IL-56 Devasagayam TPA (India) '• Free radical damage to mitochondria and its possible
prevention by natural compounds- A review of our studies
IL-57 Suhel Pervez (Germany) ■ Blockade of mitochondrial permeability transition by
Dopamine -D2- Receptor agonists and possible
role in neuroprotection
IL-58 Indu P Kaur (India)
IL-63 Sandip K Bandyopadhyay : Natural antioxidants and radioprotection
IL-64 DandekarSP (India)
: Radiation inactivation of an
Alanine Aminopeptidase - A Probe
into the active site composition
OL-23 Kaushik P (India)
: Influence of the leaf extract of
mentha piperita (Linn) on radiation induced
damage in swiss albino mice
OL-24 Samarth RM (India)
: Modulatory influence of mentha piperita (Linn) leaf
extract on hepatic antioxidant status and lipid
peroxidation against gamma radiation in swiss
albino mice
: Cutaneous photoageing: Prevention and repair
using antioxidant approach
OL-22 Srinivasulu N Pattipati (India): U74500a, a 21-Aminosteroid ameliorates
haloperidol-induced perioral movements and
associated memory dysfunction
OL-25 llangovan Govindaswamy :
(USA)
Hyperthermia induced attenuation of
mitochondrial hydroxyl radicals
in cardiac H9C2 cells
SFRR ORATION BY
BM HEGDE
ON
“ANTIOXIDANTS AFTER HEART ATTACK”
Oxygen, an essential element for life, can create damaging by-products during normal cellular
metabolism-called oxidants. Antioxidants counteract these cellular by-products, called free radicals,
and bind with them before they can cause damage. If left unchecked, free radicals may cause heart
damage, cancer, cataracts, and a weak immune system.
Antioxidants work by: binding to the free radicals; transforming them into non-damaging compounds;
or repairing cellular damage. Antioxidants come in a variety of forms and include Vitamin C, Vitamin
E, the Carotenoids, and Selenium.
Good sources of antioxidants include fruits and vegetables. The highest concentrations are found in the
most deeply or brightly colored fruits and vegetables (spinach, carrots, red bell peppers, tomatoes).
There is widespread scientific agreement that eating adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables can help
lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. With respect to antioxidants and
other phytochemicals, the key question is whether supplementation has been proven to do more good
than harm. So far, the answer is no, which is why the FDA will not permit any of these substances to be
labeled or marketed with claims that they can prevent disease.
Our own studies, both in animal models and patients suffering from acute myocardial infarctions, have
shown very elegantly that cell damage by ischaemia does release large amounts of free radicals as
measured by bio-chemical parameters. We have also shown that pretreatment with a combination of
anti-oxidants does prevent cell damage post-infarction. Treatment with the same anti-oxidants after the
cell injury has settled down does not seem to help to the same extent possible.
This is an important finding, as reperfusion injury in patients with heart attacks given thrombolytic
therapy (routine now) is of grave concern to the medical profession. This often sends quite a few
patients to meet their maker in heaven prematurely. With further large scale human studies we would be
able to make it therapeutically available. Another important finding brought out in our many studies
(published extensively already) is that individual anti-oxidants in isolation do not seem to work.
The last finding is an indicator how the reductionist science in medicine does not seem to fit into the
dynamic human physiology that follows the non-linear laws for time evolution. The talk would give
an overview of all these concepts.
A RADICAL VEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
IL-30
IL-32
ROLE OF LONG CHAIN OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON PLASMA
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN HUMAN SUBJECTS
MITOCHONDRIAL OXIDATIVE STRESS AND NUCLEAR
GENOME INSTABILITY
A... J aya deep 1, P. R. Sudhakaran V. P. Menon 2 and P. P. Nair ’' 1
Department ,of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Trivandrum- 695
581, India; Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore,
India;
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Tamil
Nadu, India;
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins
University, Maryland. USA.
Long chain n-3 fatty acids like eicosapcntaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) present in fish and fish oil are reported to
have a number of beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular
diseases and cancer. Beneficial effects are attributed to the effects of
lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase mediated products, and lipid
lowering action. In addition to that n-3 fatty acids enhance the
bioavailability of fat soluble antioxidants and resultant health beneficial
effects through the prevention of oxidative stress in the body. In order to
assess the effect of long chain n-3 fatty acids on plasma antioxidants,
levels of retinol, beta-carotene, lycopene and alpha-tocopherol were
analyzed in fish consuming and vegetarian subjects. In addition to that,
effect of supplementation of n-3 fatty acids in hypcr-choleslerolemic
non-vegetarian and vegetarian subjects on plasma antioxidant status, and
bioavailability studies with carotene rich spirullina on plasma
antioxidants in vegetarian and fish eating subjects were also carried out.
Results of the studies clearly show that long chain oincga-3 fatty acids
have definite role in plasma antioxidant status in human subjects.
IL-31
THE EFFECT OF PHYTOSTEROLS ON BREAST CANCER
CELL PROLIFERATION
Keshav Singh
Associate Professor of Cancer Genetics
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Using two cellular model systems we have analyzed the consequences of
disrupting mitochondrial function on nuclear genome stability and cell
death. Our studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to
genomic instability in the nucleus and resistance to apoptosis. We
measured the frequency of canavanine resistant colonies as a measure of
nuclear mutator phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiac model. Our
data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to increased nuclear
genomic instability when oxidative phosphorylation is blocked in wild
type yeast by antimycin A and in mitochondrial mutant strains lacking
the entire mitochondrial genome (rhoO) or those with deleted
mitochondrial DNA (rho-). Blockage of oxidative phosphorylation by
antimycin A treatment led to increased intracellular levels of ROS. In
contrast, inactivation of mitochondrial activity (rho- and rhoO) led to
decreased intracellular levels of ROS. Our study revealed that in rhoO
cells the REV1, REV3 and REV7 gene products all implicated in errorprone translcsion DNA synthesis control mutagenesis in the nuclear
genome. However, TLS was not involved in nuclear DNA mutagenesis
caused by inhibition of mitochondrial function by antimycin A. Studies
conducted in a mammalian cell line model also suggest that like the yeast
model system mammalian rhoO cells contained lower ROS than parental
cells. Our analysis revealed that depletion of the mitochondrial genome
did not affect cither the expression of superoxide dismutase or its
activity. However, catalase expression and its activity were decreased.
Decrease in catalase activity resulted in increased lipid peroxidation,
increased oxidative damage to nuclear genome, impaired DNA repair
and resistance to apoptosis. Studies are now under way to determine the
nature of nuclear genome instability and its role in resistance to
apoptosis.
M.S. Kanthimathi1. JW Chai1, UR Kuppusamy1, C Wiart2
"Department of Molecular Medicine, department of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Medicine, University ofMalaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
This study was conducted to provide scientific evidence to corroborate
the ethnopharmacologic use of Cyrtandra cuptdata plant parts by the
aboriginal people of Malaysia ('orang asli'). A mixture of phytosterols,
namely, campesterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol, was purified from
crude methanolic extracts of Cyrtandra cupulata leaves. This mixture
inhibited the proliferation of the estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell
line. MCF-7 by 30%. as measured by the microculturc tetrazolium
formazan (MTT) assay. The total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic
content were estimated to be about 200 mmol ferrous sulphate
equivalents/100 grams of lyophilized extract, and 1583 mg gallic acid
equivalents/ gram of lyophilized extract, respectively. The total
phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity each correlated well with
the inhibitory effect on MCF-7 proliferation. The leaf extract also
induced alkaline phosphatase activity in MCF-7 cells, in a dose
dependent manner. The induction of alkaline phosphatase activity has
been used to indicate estrogenic activity, using estradiol as a reference.
The postulation that the cytotoxic components in the extract had an
estrogenic nature was further strengthened by the observation that the
proliferation of another breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, was not
inhibited. The MDA-MB-231 cell line is estrogen-insensitive, while
MCF-7 is estrogen-sensitive. Data on differential protein expression
studies and estrogen receptor-binding assays will be presented.
IL-33
COMBINATION CHEMOPREVENTION BY TOMATO AND
GARLIC IN THE
HAMSTER BUCCAL POUCH
CARCINOGENESIS MODEL
S.Nagini
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar608 002, Tamil Nadu.
Combination chemoprevention by functional foods with antioxidant
properties is an attractive strategy to control reactive oxygen species
(ROS)-induced diseases such as oral cancer. We used the hamster buccal
pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis model to evaluate the chcmoprcvcntive
potential of tomato, a functional food rich in the antioxidant carotenoid
lycopene, both alone and in combination with garlic, a commonly used
spice containing antioxidants and bioactivc substances.
Chemoprevention was biomonitored using a range of markers, including
the cellular redox status, carcinogen detoxification enzymes, incidence
of bone marrow micronuclei and apoptosis. HBP carcinomas induced by
7,12-dimcthyl-bcnz[a]anthracene displayed decreased susceptibility to
lipid peroxidation coupled with antioxidant adequacy, genotoxicity as
reflected by increased frequency of bone marrow micronuclei, altered
balance in the activities of phase I and phase II carcinogen-metabolizing
enzymes and evasion of apoptosis, which may confer a selective growth
advantage on tumour cells. Although tomato paste significantly
suppressed the incidence of HBP carcinomas, tomato in combination
with garlic was more effective in chemoprevention. Combined
administration of tomato and garlic exerted antigenotoxic effects
modulated the oxidant-antioxidant status and carcinogen-metabolising
enzymes and induced apoptosis’?The results indicate that broad spectrum
of anticancer properties with less adverse effects can be achieved
through effective combination of functional foods.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
IL-34
which might be helpful in adjusting the apoptotic threshold in clinical
setting for esophageal cancer.
CURCUMIN INDUCES GROWTH INHIBITION OF
LEUKEMIC CELLS
Shahab Uddin
OL-14
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN DISSEMINATED CANCER
Curcumin has been shown to possess variety of biological functions
including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and antioxidative. The
mechanism by which curcumin inhibit ceil proliferation remains poorly
understood. In the present report we investigated the effect of curcumin
on the activation of apoptotic pathway in T malignant cells. Our data
demonstrate that curcumin causes the dose dependent suppression of
several T cell line proliferation. Curcumin treatment causes the
suppression ofconstitutively active AKT, FOXO transcription factor and
GSK3. Cumin also induces release of cytochrome c accompanied by
activation of caspasc-3 and PARP cleavage. In addition, zVAD-fmk, a
universal inhibitor of caspases, prevents caspase-3 activation as well as
PARP cleavage induced by curcumin treatment. Taken together, our
finding suggest that curcumin suppresses constitutively activated targets
of PI3'-kinase (AKT, FOXO and GSK3) in T cells leading to the
inhibition of proliferation and induction of caspase-dependent
OL-13
RELATIONSHIP OF MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS AND ANTI
OXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM IN ESOPHAGEAL
CARCINOMA
K.L. Khanduja*, Tranum Kaur*. Rajcsh Gupta 1 and Kim Vaiphei2
M.S.Ghadge, A.S.Rastc, Prasad D.* & R.Sarin*
Department OfBiochemistry &* Radiation Oncology
Humans have evolved with antioxidant systems, that protect them
against free radicals. These systems include antioxidants produced in the
body, both endogenous and
supplied
from the diet and
exogenouses.Oxidative stress has been proposed to play a major role in
cardiovascular infectious diseases, cancer, diabetes
and neuro
degenerative pathologies.
Various anti-oxidant enzymes Superoxide Dismutase ,Glutathione
Peroxidase, Glutatione reductase are involved in stress response and
cancer progrcssion.Therc is no published data on the normal values for
these anti-oxidants in healthy Indian population nor in cancer patients.
As part of an ongoing study we measured the serum Superoxide
Dismutase Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutatione reductase along with the
total antioxidant status in 29 healthy adult voluntecrs( medical &
paramedical staff) and 72 patients with widely disseminated cancer.
Result : In the healthy adult Indians, the mean levels of Glutathione
Reductase was 54.99 ± 6.35 U/L with a range of 41.28 66.92 U/L,
Glutathione Peroxidase had a mean of6846.2 + 2738.0 U/L and a range
of3452 18552 U/L. In comparison, for cancer, the levels of Glutathione
Reductase was 132.7 + 91.7 U/L with a range of 46.12 618.62 U/L was
significantly higher(p < 0.001), Glutathione Peroxidase had a mean of
4171.0 ±2186.0 U/Land a range of 129 8828 U/L and the levels were
significantly lower.
Department of Biophysics*, General Surgery 1 and Histopathology2,
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh,
India.
Esophageal carcinoma has high incidence in India, but its etiology is
unknown. The disease is multifactorial and the etiological factors and
generic disposition may depend upon geographical variations. The
oxidant-antioxidant balance is thought to be important in the initiation,
promotion, and therapy resistance of cancer. Therefore, the present study
was carried out with a aim to evaluate expression profiles of p53,bcl2, c-myc, nos-2 and cox-2, and to identify prognosticators of esophageal
carcinoma in northern part of India. The antioxidant defense status in
tumor and normal mucosa of esophageal patients were also evaluated.
Patients were divided into two groups. The first group did not receive any
chemotherapy, whereas, the second group received pre-operativc
chemotherapy comprising of cisplatin (30 mg/mt2/day) and 5-FU (750
mg/mt2/day)for3
days followed by surgery after 4 weeks. Results obtained by Western
blotting showed a significant difference in the tumor bcl-2 protein
expression pattern between patients who had undergone neoadjuvant
therapy (NAT) and those who had no therapeutic intervention (MannWhitney Test, P=0.0244). Correlation studies revealed that there was a
significant negative correlation between bcl-2 and c-myc expression in
tumor tissue of patients with and without NAT. Whereas, a positive
correlation between bcl-2 and cox-2 in tumor tissue in response to NAT
indicates the tumor promoting tendency even after chemotherapy.
Immunohistochemistry studies showed both the nuclear and
cytoplasmic localization of p53 and c-myc, whereas mainly cytoplasmic
localization was seen in case of bcl-2. Clinicopathological parameters
(age, sex, dysphagia, grade, smoking, alcohol, location and length of
lesion, lymph node involvement, differentiation and histological types)
and their relationship with the various cancer proteins were found to be
non-significant. Analysis of antioxidant defense system showed
significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced
glutathione levels and increased glutathione peroxidase activity in tumor
tissue as compared to normal mucosa of patients with NAT. This study
broadens the insight into the relationships of various oncoproteins,
IL-LS
ANTIOXIDANTS - THE
MANAGEMENT*
FUTURE
IN
DISCEASE
Rolsin Molloy, UK.
SESSION VIII
PL-6
RADICALS, ANTIOXIDANTSAND MALARIA
N. Hunt, S. Potter, 'L. Sai-Kiang, 2J. de Haan, A. Mitchell
Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Australia; 'Genome
Institute of Singapore; ’institute of Reproduction and Development,
Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
About 1% of people infected with Plasmodium falciparum develop
cerebral malaria (CM) and around 25% of them die. Previous studies in
humans and in mouse models of malaria have suggested, on the basis of
indirect evidence, that phagocyte-derived reactive oxygen species
(ROS) may be important in the host immune response against the malaria
parasite and in the pathogenesis of CM. Other studies have suggested
that glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpxl) protects the malaria parasite
against oxidative damage. Haptoglobin, a molecule that binds to
haemoglobin and may have antioxidant activity in vivo, has some known
associations with the progression of human malaria infections. To
further investigate these phenomena, ve have used the following
experimental systems: (i) gp91rij -/- mice, whose phagocytes cannot
generate ROS; (ii) Gpx 1 -/- mice; (iii) Hp -/- mice..
Our studies with gp91'*“ -/- mice suggested that phagocyte-derived ROS
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
are not important in malaria immunity or in the pathogenesis of CM.
Work with the Gpxl -/- mice showed that the parasitaemia associated
withP. berghei ANKA infection, but not P chabaudi infection, increased
more rapidly in the absence of this enzyme. There also was a modest
enhancement ot susceptibility to CM in these mice. The rate of
recrudescence of P. chabaudi infection was significantly higher in Gpx 1
mice than in Gpxl +/+ animals. The peak parasite burden in P
chabaudi-infccted Hp -/- mice was greater than in Hp +/+ mice. Hp -/mice survived P. berghei ANKA infection (a CM model) significantly
longer than did Hp +/+ mice.
Thus, oxidation and antioxidation play some roles in malaria parasite
growth / survival, and haptoglobin may have some involvement in the
pathogenesis of CM.
IL-35
OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION OF BAND 3 IN THE REDUCED
SURVIVAL OF ERYTHOCYTES
IN VISCERAL
LEISHMANIASIS.
Tuli Biswas
(SOD), Catalase and Glutathione in practitioners of Sudarshan Kriya and
their age and sex matched controls. Alterations were seen in genes
involved in DNA damage such as p53, antioxidant genes Catalase, MnSOD, Cu-Zn SOD, Glutathione peroxidase and Glutathione Stransferase (GST), Heat Shock Prolein-70 (HSP-70), cell cycle
regulators such as c-jun, c-fos and c-myc, aging related TERT, and
apoptosis related genes such as Cox-2, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL using RT-PCR and
Western blotting.
Results: We found that there was a three fold higher level of Glutathione
in practitioners as compared to their controls. The practitioners of SK
showed higher antioxidant defence as seen by higher levels of
Glutathione, SOD and Catalase activities. There was an incrcascdlevcl
of Catalase, GST and Glutathione peroxidase mRNA in practitioners as
observed by RT-PCR. A small increase seen in hTERT in SK
practitioners indicates a delayed senescence and perhaps a longer life
span. An increased expression of Heat shock protein (HSP70) was also
seen which indicates a better cyto-protection in SK practitioners.
ConcIusions:Thc findings of this study suggest that a better
antioxidant/antislrcss status is seen in subjects doing regular practice of
Sudarshan Kriya. This technique may therefore provide a mechanism for
reducing incidence of coronary heart disease and improvements in other
age-related and ROS associated disorders.
Indian Institute OfChemical Biology,
4,Raja S.C. Mullick Road,
Kolkata 700032,India
OL-15
Structural deformability of erythrocytes plays an important role in the
premature hemolysis and development of anemia during visceral
leishmaniasis.The disease is associated with marked degradation of
integral membrane protein band 3 leading to ionic imbalance and
membrane destabilization in red cells which eventually promotes their
untimely removal from circulation in the infected condition .The
structure of band 3 consists of a transmembrane domain mediating
anion exchange across the plasma membrane and a cytoplasmic domain
which is anchored to the cytoskeleton of the membrane by binding with
ankyrin.Present study depicts the effect of structural modification of
band 3 on phosphate transport during leishmaial infection using J1P NMR
.Downregulation of phosphate transport by the oxidation of this anion
channel protein and subsequent reversal by reduction using
dithiothreitol suggest the contribution of sulfhydryl groups in the
cytoplasmic domain of band 3 resulting in the impaired functioning of
this protein under the diseased condition..Band 3 protein provides the
binding site for the oxidized denatured hemoglobins to the erythrocyte
membrane..Binding between the two propagated into a macroscopic
copolymer formation which increased gradually with the progress of
infection. This phenomenon is likely to be responsible for the
redistribution of band 3 in the plane of the membrane leading to
membrane destabilization and altered permeability of erythrocytes
which favours their reduced survival in leishmanial infection.
IL-36
GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IN PRACTITIONERS OF
SUDARSHAN KRIYA
N. Singh, H. Shanna, A Singh, S Sen, P Datta, M Singh, S Dasgupta, N
Bharadwaj and V Kochupillai
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON LIPID PEROXIDATION AND
ANTIOXIDANTS IN FALCI PARUM AND VIVAX MALARIA
Prasannachandra, V. D'Souza, B.D'Souza
Introduction: Malarial parasite activates the immune system of body
causing release of reactive oxygen species. This study was undertaken
to assess the role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant Vitamins E and C
in malaria patients.
Methods: The study group consisted of 28 untreated malaria patients
between the age group 16 to 52 years of both sexes. Of the 28 patients, 19
had vivax malaria and 9 had falciparum malaria. The control group
included 26 healthy individuals of both sexes between 20 to 55 years.
Malondialdehyde (MDA), Vitamin E and Vitamin C were estimated by
standard methods.
Results: The increase in MDA in malaria patients is highly significant
(p< 0.001) when compared to control subjects. Increase in MDA is more
in falciparum malaria compared to vivax malaria. The plasma vitamin E
concentration decreased significantly (p<0.001) in malaria patients and
the decline was more in falciparum malaria. The plasma Vitamin C
concentration in malaria patients decreased significantly (p<0.001)
compared to control subjects. Maximum decline was observed in vivax
malaria. A weakly positive correlation was obtained between MDA and
Vitamin E concentration in study group. A negative correlation was
obtained between MDA and Vitamin C in the study group, whereas a
strong negative correlation was obtained between MDA and Vitamin C
in the control group.
Conclusion: Invasion of human erythrocytes by malaria parasite results
in generation of lipid peroxides which causes the lysis of erythrocytes
and alteration of major antioxidants. The decrease in antioxidant
Vitamins E and C in the patient group might be due to their transfer to red
cell membrane to counteract increased oxidative stress.
The
administration of Vitamins E and C after adequate treatment for parasite
clearance may be fruitful to avoid malarial anaemia.
Introduction: Oxidative stress or free radicals may contribute to the
pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases
associated with aging.
Methods: Because psychosocial stress has been shown to increase
oxidative stress, we have looked at the effect of stress reduction with the
help of Sudarshan Kriya, a breathing technique on long term
practitioners (n=26) of Sudarshan Kriya in both males and females. The
control group(n=25) comprised of age and sex matched subjects
practicing unstylized rest. We have estimated Superoxide dismutase
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
OL-I6
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF DIFFERENT ORGANS OF
N.ARBOR TRISTIS IN MODULATION OF CYTOKINES IN
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Brijesh Rathore- Bholanath Paul. Abbas Ali Mahdi*, Bhushan P
Chaudhury**, Ashok Kumar Saxena. Anand Prakash Sahu*** and
Yogendra Kumar Gupta
Immunobiology Laboratory. **Central Pathology Laboratory,
♦♦♦Preventive Toxicology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research
Centre. MG Marg, Lucknow.
*Dept. of Biochemistry. King George Medical University, Lucknow.
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease characterized by joint
pain followed by bone and joint destruction. Cytokines play a major role
in arthritis. Overabundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, ILI
a
and IL-6) and inadequate anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 & IL-10)
has been reported in rheumatoid arthritis. Earlier reports suggest a
possible role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritis and that they arc
a potential target for therapy. The effect of water soluble fraction of
ethanol extract of leaf of Nyctanthes arbor tristis (NAT) on TNF-a
level in arthritic and soluble protein A treated mice plasma has been
studied and it was found depleted. Although leaves of NAT have been
extensively studied for their anti-inflammatory property, however, little
is known about the other parts of the plant. In the present study, we
studied different parts ofNAT for their anti-inflammatory properties.
Methods: Arthritis was induced in female mice (25-30g) by injecting
Freund’s complete adjuvant in the subplantar region of the right hind
paw. A booster dose was injected at the same site on the 12lh day. Water
soluble ethanol extract of fruits, seeds and leaves was prepared under
sterile conditions and administered at a dose of 24mg/kg body weight to
each mouse till day-47. Footpad swelling was measured with the help of
eclipse circumference formula 2d x ?(a2+ b’)/2 using Vernier caliper.
Joint homogenate was prepared in ice cold PBS containing 0.5% tween20 and it was used for cytokine assay. TNF-a, IL-la, IL-6 and IL-10
were evaluated using solid phase sandwich ELISA.
Results: Oral administration of NAT extract from day of induction of
arthritis with Freund's complete adjuvant showed significant reduction
in the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, improved mobility and reduced
joint inflammation. Daily oral administration of leaf and fruit extracts of
NAT in arthritic mice reduced the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-d, IL1 a, IL-6 levels in inflamed joint on 2nd, 14,h and 47‘h day in comparison to
untreated mice, while extract of seed was found ineffective. Anti
inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was found elevated on both the time points
i.e. 14th and 47* day.
Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate that NAT leaf
and fruit extract preparation can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as
also other inflammatory disorders, thus providing a newer and safer
therapeutic measure.
OL-17
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARYTUBERCULOSIS
M.Shelgaonkar, 1 Dr. R. Munje,2 Dr. S.Sheigaonkar3, Dr. S. Umathe4
1. Institute of Diploma in Pharmacy. Nagpur, 2. Govt.Medical College,
Yavatmal, 3. GovtMedical College, Nagpur, 4. Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nagpur
Introduction: Plit ML(1998) reported that even after six months of
apparently successful antimicrobial chemotherapy, pulmonary
tuberculosis is associated with increased oxidative stress. The present
study was undertaken to evaluate whether reduction in oxidative stress
by addition of a chain breaking antioxidant to first line anti tuberculosis
agents will improve the clinical outcome
Methods: Randomized control clinical trial approved by institutional
ethical committee was undertaken in newly diagnosed cases of
pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), of cither sexes exhibiting sputum A FB.
Control group A(n=50) was treated with routine 2EHRZ regime daily for
initial phase of two months while study group B received Vi t E and Vit C
concurrently daily along with 2EHRZregimc. Lipid peroxidation levels
were used as markers of cellular damages.
Results: Statistical significant reduction in LPO, augmentation of
Sputum AFB negativity, and Radiological improvement was noted in
study group receiving antioxidants.
Conclusion: Belter clinical improved in cases of pulmonary
tuberculosis, receiving concurrent antioxidants, as evidenced by early
sputum AFB.
SESSION IX
IL-37
ALKALINE WATER AS AN ANTIOXIDANT FOR HEALTHIER
LIFE
Abhay Kumar
Chiefscientific Officer, Eureka Forbes Institute of Environment
143 ,C-4 .Bommasandra Industrial Area, Hosur Road, Bangalore.
Water is our most important nourishment and fundamental for good
health. A human being consists of 65 - 70 % water. All body fluids
contain water. Water adjusts the body's temperature and through
urination and perspiration, is the main way to rid the body of toxins. Most
of us do not drink enough water and are, therefore, dehydrated to some
extent. For the body to function properly, it is imperative to be properly
hydrated. Drinking the alkaline water on a daily basis will assist the body
in flushing out toxic or acidic wastes. Alkaline Water acts as an
antioxidant, scavenging for and neutralizing free radicals. Because
Alkaline Water has the ability to give up electrons, it can effectively
neutralize and block free radical damage to the body. Ionized Alkaline
Water seeks out free radicals and converts them into oxygen, which your
body can use for energy production and tissue oxygenation.
Antioxidants are nutrients found naturally in the body and in plants such
as fruits and vegetables. Common antioxidants include vitamin A,
vitamin C, vitamin E, and certain compounds called carotenoids (like
lutein and beta-carotene). Ionized water has two antioxidant qualities, its
negative charge and the presence of Hydroxyl ions. It can retard the onset
of disease, as well as the aging process itself. All liquids have an
Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP). Normal water has an ORP of
+300 to +400 mV. It does not have any potential for reducing oxidation
because its ORP is positive.
Only a negative ORP can reduce or negate oxidation. Water produced by
a quality Water Ionizer typically has an ORP of about -200 mv, meaning
it can act as an antioxidant that can reduce oxidation, neutralize harmful
free radicals, and retard the aging process. Our body systems work to
keep our blood and the fluids surrounding our cells slightly alkaline. The
process of metabolism - the digestion and burning of our foods to
produce energy - results in waste products. These waste products are
acidic. Ifconditions were ideal, we'd get rid of our acidic wastes as fast as
they formed through breathing and through the kidneys, bowels and skin.
Many health experts agree that an overly acidic system also burdens the
immune system and leads to disease. HOW CAN WE FLUSH OUT
THESE ACIDIC WASTES? Drinking alkaline water daily assists the
body to flush out the build-up of toxic acidic wastes. It is rich in oxygen.
Electrolysis separates water molecules into acidic water-positively
charged hydrogen ions (H+) and alkaline water-negatively charged
hydroxyl ions, which have both oxygen and a hydrogen atom (OH-). The
alkaline water is, therefore, rich in oxygen. Alkaline Minerals such as
Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Manganese, and Sodium have a
positive charge and are called Alkaline-fon.ting Minerals. Many health
researchers also point to free radicals as the cause of disease and aging.
Antioxidants are, therefore, recommended to scavenge free radicals. Our
bodies as part of the chemical reactions in cell respiration produce
A RADICAL ViF.W OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
abundance of free radicals. A free radical is an unstable, or active, form of
oxygen with an urgent need to find an electron. They usually rip these
electrons from cell membranes. When too many free radicals arc
produced, they attack the membranes of healthy cells. Over time, the
damage shows up as a disease or the signs of aging. More research
studies and scientific evidence are required to establish the theory of
alkaline water as an antioxidant..
Results: Hb increased in the trained and untrained when exposed to
5,700m with an increased fragility in the trained. Increases were seen in
SOD and CAT at 6,300 and 5,700m respectively. Membrane MDA
increased at 6,300m while protein carbonyl increased at both the
altitudes. Vitamin E supplemented showed insignificant effect at both
the altitudes. Increased hemolysis was seen in the supplemented when
exposed to AL, Concomitant increases were seen in SOD and CAT
activities in the supplemented, with the latter elevating in the
supplemented sedentary too Significant increase in MDA was seen in
the supplemented and altitude-exposed animals.
IL-38
Conclusion: Animals subjected to intermittent hyobaric-hypoxia were
benefited by a prc-supplcmentation schedule of vitamin E with a
noticeable up-regulation the AO enzymes and insignificant changes in
their LPO. However, the increase in Hb could be due to exercise per se
and not as a response to vitamin E.
ANTI-OXIDANT DEFENCES IN AORTAE OF CIGARETTE
SMOKE-EXPOSED RATS, AND THE EFFECT OF
SUPPLEMENTATION WITH VITAMIN E
V.Anand
C.
. Usha Anand
Department of Biochemistry, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore560 054.
Introduction: Cigarette smoke is is a known source of oxidants which
are injurious to the artery.
Methods: The study was carried out on three groups (8 in each group) of
rats- smokers (group I), non-smokers (group II). and smokers
supplemented with vitamin E (group III). The antioxidant enzymes
glutathione rcductasc(GR). glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), glucose 6phosphatc dehydrogenase (G-6PD), superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and
catalase (CAT) were assayed in the rat aorta after exposure to cigarette
smoke (cs). Group I and III animals were exposed to cs, in a specially
designed polypropylene chamber, with two holes- one to introduce a
burning commercial cigarette and the other to let in air of 0.4kg/cm?.
They were exposed to cs three times a day, six days a week, for 26 weeks.
During this period group III also received vitamin E (50 mg tocopherol
acetate/kg body wt/day) orally. Group 11 received only air.
Results have shown that the activities of GR and G-6PD were higher
(p<0.001) ingroup II when compared with group I. The activities of GSH
Px and SOD were lower (p<0.001) in group II when compared with
group I. The CAT activity did not differ between these groups, although
its activity was higher in grouplll when compared with I and 11.
Conclusion: Cs exposure perturbs the antioxidant defences in the aorta
of the rat. The weak antioxidant shield may be responsible for
endothelial dysfunction. These perturbances were, to a significant
extent, reversed by vit E (in group III). The study was funded by the
Indian Council for Medical Research.
IL-39
THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN E AND EXERCISE ON
RAT ERYTHROCYTES TO INTERMITTENT HYPOBARICHYPOXIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
S.Asha Devi
Gerontology Lab. Department of Zoology, Bangalore University,
Bangalore 560 056. INDIA
Introduction: Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and proteolysis activation are
seen when erythrocytes are challenged with frec-radicals. This study
evaluated the effects of 1) swim training and, 2) vitamin E at sea level,
followed by intermittent hypobaric-hypoxia on LPO and antioxidant
(AO) defense in these cells.
Methods: One set of adult male rats were swim trained in normoxic
condition and then exposed to altitudes of 5,700 in for 90 min/day for 9
days (AL,). A second trained set was exposed to 6,300 m for 30 min/day
and for 15 days (AL.). Whole erythrocytes and membranes were studied
for their fragility and hemoglobin (Hb) along with superoxide dismutase
(SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities.
Malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin (LF) and protein carbonyl content
were also determined.
IL-40
ANTIOXIDANT EFFICIENCY OF ASTAXANTHIN IN
PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE LIPOSOMES AS A pHDEPENDENT EVENT
M.P.Barros1, C.M.Mano1, K.H.M.Cardozo2, T.Guaratini2,
P.Colcpicolo2
'CCBS, Univcrsidadc Cruzeiro do Sul (UNICSUL), 08060-070, Sao
Paulo, Brazil.
2Dcpt. Biochemistry, Univcrsidadc de Sao Paulo (USP), 05508-900. Sao
Paulo, Brazil.
Introduction: The ketocarotenoid astaxanthin (AST) is a red pigment
common to several aquatic organisms including microalgae, salmonids
and lobsters. The scavenging efficiency of AST against reactive
oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) is believed to have a key role in the
amclioration/prcvention of several human pathological processes such
as skin UV-mediatcd photooxidation, inflammation, prostate and
mammary carcinogenesis, ulcer's Helicobacter pylorii infection, and
age-related diseases. However, based on several contradictory trials,
mostly all carotenoids perform fluctuating antioxidant activities due to
unchecked specific conditions at the microenvironment of free radical
reactions.
Objectives and Methods: The aim of this work is to evaluate the pHcffect in the levels of lipopcroxidation products (thiobarbituric-acid
reactive substances and HPLC-malondialdehyde determinations)
triggered by different ROS/RNS in AST-loaded egg-yolk
phosphatidylcholine unilamellar liposomes.
Results: The preliminary data suggest that under harsh
oxidative/nitrosative conditions (imposed by concomitant 0.15 mM
peroxynitrite and 0.15 mM cytochrome c treatments), AST performed
efficient antioxidant activity in all tested pH values, but remarkably
proximal to physiological conditions (pH 7.4). In contrast, under more
moderate oxidative conditions (0.15 mM KO,), AST could not
significantly inhibit lipopcroxidation, especially at pH 6.2 when a
hypothetical pro-oxidant activity is even suggested.
Conclusions: Consensually, the mechanism of ROS/RNS scavenging
process is perceived to be more dependent on the nature of the radical
species than on the carotenoid structure. This fact might explain the pHdependent antioxidant efficiency of AST in liposomes taking, at least,
three major factors into account: (i) protonated superoxide radical (HO,)
diffusion throughout membranes; (ii) kinetics of HO, spontaneous
dismutation; and (iii) pH-dependcnt peroxynitritc chemistry.
Financial support: FAPESP (Brazil), International Foundation for
Science (Sweden).
IL-41
SUPPRESSION OF ARSENIC TOXICITY BY ANTIOXIDANT
TEA POLY PH ENOLS
Dona Sinha. Madhumita Roy & R.K. Bhattacharya
Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology
peroxidation products were high. Ascorbic acid supplement, an
antioxidant, could partially restore the serum copper and zinc levels and
red cell superoxide dismutase, leading to a significant decrease in the
mean blood lead concentration ofjewellcry workers.
Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with ascorbic acid can
complement other efforts to prevent lead exposure and reduce lead
toxicity.
Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute. Kolkata 700 026, India.
Arsenic is one ofthe most important global environmental contaminants.
Millions of people all over the world arc being exposed to inorganic
arsenic through geologically contaminated drinking water. West Bengal
in India and adjoining districts in Bangaladcsh are facing severe arsenic
contamination of ground water, the level being 200-600 g/I in some areas
whereas the WHO recommended limit is 10 g/1. Arsenic-induced skin
lesions have been noticed in some endemic regions due to long term
exposure to high levels of arsenic in drinking water. Chronic exposure to
inorganic arsenic, particularly in drinking water, causes a wide range of
adverse health effects including cancer. At the cellular level, arsenic
induces single strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks and apurinic sites
in DN A. Genetic instability and DNA damage are the pre-requisites for
induction of carcinogenesis. Prevention of DNA damage therefore is
considered an important strategy to control arsenic calamity. Natural
compounds particularly polyphenols are known to prevent DNA
damage. Tea. the most popular beverage containing several polyphenols,
has been extensively studied as a chemoprcvcntivc agent against cancer.
The role of tea extract as well as its polyphenols in the modulation of
arsenic-induced damage is an important area to look into. The present
study conducted along this line clearly shows that the cytotoxic,
genotoxic and clastogenic effects of arsenic in Chinese hamster male
lung fibroblast cells (V-79) are greatly influenced by different lea
compounds. Investigation on the mechanistic approach lying behind the
antioxidant effects of tea suggests that arsenic is believed to cause
deleterious effects by increasing the levels of reactive oxidants and
decreasing the level of antioxidant capacity. Experiments have been
designed to investigate whether tea can modulate the level of phase II
detoxification enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione
peroxidase. Induction ofthese antioxidant enzymes may be the causative
factor for the reversal of arsenic-induced damage in mammalian cells as
observed in the present study. Tea, the most preferred global beverage,
thus can be considered an important source ofantioxidant polyphenols to
confront the disastrous effect of arsenic.
SESSION X
PL-7
MITOCHONDRIA-TARGETED ANTIOXIDANTS AND SOD
MIMETICS-A NEW CLASS OF THERAPEUTIC
ANTIOXIDANTS.
B. Kalyanaraman, Dept, of Biophysics, Medical
College of Wisconsin.Milwaukee, USA.
The mitochondria-targctcd drugs mitoquinonc(Milo-Q), mitovitamin-E
(MitoVit-E), and mitoproxyl nitroxidc (Mito-Proxyl)are a new class of
antioxidants containing the triphenylphosphoniumcation moiety that
facilitates drug accumulation in mitochondria. In this talk, I will discuss
the potential beneficial effects of these targeted antioxidants and SOD
mimetics in mitigating oxidant-induced mitochondrial damage and
apoptosis in endothelial cells. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidants
are more effective inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative damage than the
corresponding "untargeted" counterparts. The use of targeted
antioxidants potentially enables one to "pinpoint" exactly whether
mitochondria is the site of ROS generation.
IL-43
TOTAL PHENOLICS, PHENOLIC ACID CONSTITUENTS,
ANITIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND ANTIMUTAGENIC
ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS INCLUDING
BITTER MELON (BITTER GOURD).
Hettiarachchy Navam, Horax Ronny and Rababah, M.
Department of Food Science, University ofArkansas,
2650 N young Avenue, Fayetteville, Arkansas. AR 72704, USA
IL-42
ASCORBIC ACIDTHERAPYIN LEAD EXPOSED JEWELLERY
WORKERS OF KOLKATA
K.Goswami, R. Gachhui, A.Bandyopadhyay
Department of Biochemistry, Vivckananda Institute of Medical
Sciences, 99 Sarat Bose Road, Kolkata 700 026, INDIA
Introduction: The exposure among the lead smelting factory workers is
still an acute problem; free radicals damage tissue both at cellular and sub
cellular levels by causing lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane and
inactivation of membrane bound enzymes. Ascorbic acid plays an
important role in microsomal hydroxylative enzyme mediated
detoxication. The present investigation analyzed the interaction between
free radicals and lead and the effect of ascorbic acid in blood of normal
person and jewellery workers.
Methods: A total of 54 malejewellery workers who had been exposed to
the fumes and dust of lead for the previous 10 to 25 years and 22 controls
matched forage and economic status were compared with respect to lipid
peroxidation, antioxidant levels and copper, zinc status in relation to lead
toxicity.
Results: Blood hemoglobin, serum copper, zinc and vitamin E, and red
cell superoxide dismutase were found to diminished, with no changes
observed in red cell glutathione peroxidase and gluthione reductase
activity in the jewellery ..workers.
The concentrations of lipid
Bitter melon is traditionally known for its medicinal properties such as
antidiabetic, anticancer, and cholesterol lowering effects. Il contains
many phenolic compounds that may have the potential as antioxidant
and antimutagen. Although the value of bitter melon is realized,
scientific information on phenolic composition of bitter melon and
antioxidant and antimutagcnic activities of its extracts from food grade
solvents are limited. Phenolics were extracted using
melhanol/ethanol/water system, and total phenolics and phenolic acid
composition were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent and
HPLC, respectively. Antioxidant and antimutagcnic activities were
determined by methyl linoleate model system and Ames test,
respectively. Total phenolics of flesh and seed extracts ranged from
11.41-20.78 and 12.55-22.44 mg as CAE / g extract, respectively.
Catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and /-cinnamic acid were the
main phenolics in flesh extracts, while gallic acid, gentisic acid,
catechin, and chlorogenic acid were predominant in seed extracts.
Antioxidant activities of the extracts from flesh and seed ranged from
71.31-82.29% inhibition and 71.22-81.48% inhibition, respectively.
Anlimutagenicity against bcnzo(a)pyrcne (mutagen) with Salmonella
TA98 and TA 100 ranged from 91.6-100% and 78.7-86.2%, respectively.
The total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea,
black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts,
vitamin E, and lert-butylhydroquinonc, were also determined. The total
phenolics of these plant extracts ranged from 24.8 to 92.5 mg of CAE/g
dry material. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts
determined by conjugated diene measurement of methyl linoleate were
3.4 86.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts using chicken fat by
an oxidative stability instrument (4.6-10.2 h of induction lime) followed
a similar trend tn antioxidant activity as determined by the FolinCiocalteu method. Seven phenolics in grape seed and green tea extracts
were identified that ranged from 15.38 to 1158.49 and 18.3 to 1087.02
mg/100 g of extract, respectively.
Bitter melon, tea and grape seed extracts can be potential sources of
antioxidant and antimutagen. We have also demonstrated that green tea
and grape seed extracts containing polyphenols minimized lipid
oxidation caused by irradiation in meat system. The phenolics present in
bitter melon, green tea, and grape seed extracts can be potential sources
ol antioxidants in minimizing/preventing tumors and can have health
benefits. These extracts can find application in food products, and
dietary' supplements.
and were high in lycopene but low in other carotenoids. Dietary lycopene
was lower in study 1 (~15mg/day) than study 2 (20mg/day). Easting
blood samples obtained at commencement and end of each dietary
period were analysed for serum carotenoids using HPLC.
Results: For each study, serum carotenoids changed similarly on the two
(MUFA and HCLF) diets. Serum a-cryptoxanthine and a
-carotene concentrations fell (p<0.05). In study 1, serum lycopene
increased on the MUFA diet (p < 0.05); however there was no difference
at the end of the two dietary periods. In study 2, scrum lycopene
increased (p < 0.01) on both the diets to similar and higher levels.
Conclusion: These results suggest that, at least for short terms (10-16
days), serum carotenoid concentration is dependent on dietary
carotenoid intake, and is not influenced by a change of dietary fat from
15% - 38% of energy.
IL-44
POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS OF PALM TOCOTRIENOLS
Kalanithi Nesaretnam
'Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Studies of the role of nutrition in cancer prevention and treatment have
paid a great deal of attention to certain vitamins and vitamin analogues.
One such vitamin is the fat soluble vitamin E. It comprises the two major
homologous series of compounds known as tocopherols and
tocotrienols. Although the chemical structure of these compounds is very
similar, direct comparisons show that tocotrienols display significantly
more potent anticancer and cardiovascular protective crffccts than
tocopherols. The etiology of cardiovascular disease is a multi-step
process that involves many contributing factors. Tocotrienols have been
shown to effectively inhibit many of these events associated with the
development of atherosclerosis, including inhibiting
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, the rate limiting
enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, as well as inhibiting the oxidation of
LDL, monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, platelet aggregation and
vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Tocotrienols have also been
shown to significantly inhibit mitogen-induced proliferation and
initiates apoptosis in preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary epithelial
cells at treatment doses that have no effect on normal epithelial cell
growth or viability. Although additional sludiers arc required to clarify
the exact intracellular mechanisms mediating the chemoprotective
effects of tocotrienols, experimental evidence strongly suggests that
dietary supplementation of tocotrienols may provide significant health
benefits in lowering the risk ofcardiovascular disease and breast cancer;.
IL-45
SERUM CONCENTRATION OF CAROTENOIDS IN HEALTHY
ADULTS ON VARIOUS CAROTENOID CONTROLLED DIETS
KDKAhujaand MJ Ball
School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, TAS 7250,
AUSTRALIA
Introduction: It is thought that the absorption and scrum levels of fat
soluble antioxidants and carotenoids like lycopene, a-carotenc, acarolene, a-cryptoxanthin and lutein may depend on the amount and type
of fat present in the diet as well carotenoid content. However little data is
available to support this suggestion. We investigated the effects of a high
and a low fat diet on serum carotenoid concentrations, especially
lycopene.
Methods: Two separate randomized crossover dietary intervention
studies were undertaken. The participants included healthy volunteers
aged 22 to 70 years (n = 18 study one, n = 21 study two). The dietary
periods comprised a high monounsaturated fat diet (MUFA) and a high
carbohydrate low fat (HCLF) diet for 16 and 10 days, on study 1 and
study 2, respectively. The diets were controlled for other macronutrients,
A RADICAL V
IL-46
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN TRACE ELEMENT
EXPOSED MONONUCLEAR AND OVARIAN CANCER CELLS
*U.R. Kuppusamy, Dharmani M., Wanlzlina W.I., Li I.L., M.S.
Kanthimathi and M.Indran
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Introduction: Thd trace elements, copper, zinc and selenium are
essential micronutrients which play an important role as immunemodulators and essential co-factors of the antioxidant enzymes. Lately,
trace elements have gained recognition as adjuvant therapy in the
treatment of cancer especially to boost the immune system. In the present
study, the effects of zinc, copper and selenium on human peripheral
mononuclear cell (PBMC) and ovarian cancer (CaOV-3) cell
proliferation as well as antioxidant enzyme activities were determined.
Method: The PBMC and CaOV-3 cells were cultured in the presence of
trace elements for 48 hours in an appropriate condition. The cell number
was estimated, washed, ruptured (sonicated) and centrifuged at
13,000xg. The supernatant was used to determine the antioxidant
enzyme activities.
Results: Zinc and copper stimulated the PBMC proliferation in a dose
dependent manner within the dose range of0-200pmol/L. SOD and GPx
activities in PBMC exposed to zinc was inhibited whilst catalase activity
was unaffected. All the three antioxidant enzymes in the cells exposed to
copper were inhibited. Selenium exerted more potent inhibition of the
cell proliferation while causing stimulation of the PBMC antioxidant
enzymes at the lowest dose (25gmol/L) than at the highest dose (200p
mol/L) tested. A significant negative correlation was observed between
proliferation and antioxidant enzyme activities in trace element exposed
PBMC. In contrast selenium which exerted a dose dependent inhibition
of CaOV-3 cells, showed a positive correlation with the antioxidant
enzymes (SOD and Catalase).
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the immune and cancer
cell proliferation and modulation involves the enzymatic antioxidant
system but the responses to trace elements arc different.
I
m
tlj1 71 1I
OL-18
SPIRULINA PLATENSIS AS A NOVEL SOURCE OF
ANTIAGING ENZ YM E SU PEROXI DE DISM UTASE.
K. Desai and S.Sivakami*.
Professor, Department of lifcscienccs, University of Mumbai, Santacruz
(e), Mumbai-400098.
Introduction: Spirulinaplatensis is used as a food supplement and is
becoming popular for its medicinal properties. It is a photosynthetic
cyanobacterium and shows the presence of pigments like chlorophyll,
phycocyanin, and carotenoids. It is subjected to oxidative stress and is
endowed with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems.
Methods: To study its antioxidant properties, the cells were sonicated
and chlorophyll and phycocyanin containing fractions were separated by
ammonium sulphate fractionation. Three fractions, green, blue and
colourless, were used for the determination of the antioxidant ability by
DPPH and ABTS assay. Compared to the pigment containing fractions,
the colourless fraction showed higher free radical scavenging ability.
.Antioxidant enzymes studied include superoxide dismutase, catalase,
ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase which peaked around 1215" days of growth. Superoxide dismutase showed the highest specific
activity and was purified using conventional methods like ammonium
sulphate fractionation and anion exchange chromatography using
DEAE-52.
Results: The final purified enzyme was elcclrophorctically
homogenous. This enzyme was identified as iron containing superoxide
dismutase based on inhibition by FLO,. The active site amino acids have
been identified by the use of group specific chemical modifiers. The
amino acid composition as well as active site amino acids showed
similarity to other iron and manganese containing superoxide
dismutases.
Conclusion: Spirulina platensis grows on simple inorganic nutrient
medium. The purification of this enzyme is easy and simple The enzyme
is stable over a broad range of pH and temperature. Spirulina platensis
can be exploited for the large-scale production of superoxide dismutase.
The pigment containing fractions can also be used as antioxidant agents.
Superoxide dismutase is used as an antiaging agent and is incorporated in
various skin lotions as well as in liposomes for the treatment of various
oxidative stress related diseases.
OL-19
EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF FRESH AND
THERMALLY OXIDIZED EDIBLE OILS ON REDOX STATUS
IN THE PLASMA AND TISSUES OF RATS.
K.V. Pugalendi, K.N. Srinivasan. V. P. Menon
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, India.
Introduction: Sesame, groundnut and coconut oils arc widely used.
either fresh or fried, in various food preparations in South India. Effect of
these edible oils, fresh or thermally oxidized, as high fat diet, on lipid
peroxidation and antioxidants status were studied.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, including
control-group, of six animals each. The experimental animals received
totally 20% (as high fat diet) of cither fresh or thermally oxidized sesame
or groundnut or coconut oils mixed with the diet. After 2 months, the
animals were sacrificed and plasma and tissues (liver, heart & brain)
collected for various estimations.
Results: Lipid peroxidation markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances, lipid hydroperoxide and conjugated dienes increased in the
plasma and tissues of all the experimental animals and more so in the
plasma and tissues of corresponding thermally oxidized oil-fed group.
Lipid peroxidation was less pronounced in sesame oil-fed groups when
compared with the corresponding other oils-fed groups. Nonenzymalic
antioxidants such as vitamin C and reduced glutathione decreased and
vitamin E increased in all the experimental animals, and more decrease
in vitamin C and GSH and less decrease in vitamin E were observed in
thermally oxidized oils-fed animals. Superoxide dismutase, catalase
and glutathione peroxidase decreased in the tissues of all the
experimental animals and more decrease in the thermally oxidized oilsfed animals. The decrease of enzymic and noncnzymic antioxidants is
less in sesame oil-fed groups when compared with the other oils-fed
groups.
Conclusions: Our results show that lipid peroxidation is high in oils
having more saturated fatty acid than unsaturated fatty acid.
SESSION XI
PL-8
NEW HORIZONS IN VITAMIN E NEUROPROTECTION
Chandan K.Sen
Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Departments of Surgery and
Molecular Cellular Biochemistry, Davis Heart & Lung Research
Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
43210
Our knowledge of the ncuroprotectivc properties of vitamin E is almost
wholly derived from the study of ?-tocophcrol. In nature, the vitamin E
family consists of tocopherols and tocotrienols (T3). The current work is
based on our striking evidence that in neuronal cells nM concentrations
of ?-T3, but not 7-locopherol. blocked glutamate-induced death by
suppressing early activation of c-Src kinase (.7 Biol Cheni
275:13049,2000). A later independent study reporting that Src blockade
provides cerebral protection following stroke (Nature Med 1:222,2001)
enhanced the significance of our finding that ?-T3 possesses c-Src
regulatory effects. While previous reports have suggested that dietary ?
-T3 is not available to the brain, we have recently observed that gavaging
of pregnant rats with Tocomin??50% (Carotech Sdn Bhd. Perak,
Malaysia) clearly increased the levels of? -T3 in the brains of both adult
mother as well as fetal rats (FEBS Lon. 530:17,2002). Interestingly, the
enrichment was more in fetal brain tissue. Long-term time-lapse imaging
studies revealed neurons and their axo-dendritic network is fairly motile
under standard culture conditions. Such motility is arrested in response
to glutamate challenge. T3-trcatcd primary neurons maintained healthy
growth and motility even in the presence of excess glutamate (see video
in JBC online; 278:43508). Studies on HT4 as well as immature primary
cortical neurons indicate a central role of 12-iipoxygenase (LOX) in
executing glutamate-induced neurodegeneration (JBC 278:43508,
2003). Neurons isolated from 12-LOX-dcficient mice were resistant to
glutamate-induced death. Importantly, glutamate-induced 12-LOX
activation is subject to T3 control. In silica docking studies identified
that ?-T3 may hinder the access of arachidonic acid to the catalytic site of
12-LOX by binding to the opening of a solvent cavity close to the active
site. Following glutamate challenge 12-LOX is Tyr-phosphorylated and
migrates from the cytosol to the membrane. The phosphorylation seems
to be c-Src dependent and T3-scnsitivc. The single neuron
microinjection approach has revealed that sub-attomolar amounts of T3.
but not tocopherol, protect cultured neurons from glutamate when
injected to the cytosol or overlayed on the cell membrane. Nuclear
injections failed to protect. These findings arc consistent with the key
targets of T3. c-Src and LOX, in the cytosol. In vivo stroke studies lend
substantial credence io our in vitro findings supporting that tocotricnol is
a potent ncuroprotectivc form of natural vitamin E.
IL-47
SEMINAL PLASMA ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN CIGARETTE
SMOKERS
Abbas^liJMahdi. S.P. Jaiswar, Kamla Kant Shukfa, Pankaj Kumar
Singh. Kalcemn Ahmed and Brijesh Rathore.
Department ot Biochemistry, King George's Medical University.
Lucknow. 226 003. INDIA
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical
University. Lucknow, 226 003. INDIA
Introduction: The possible effect of men's smoking on fertility and
pregnancy has been extensively studied. It is well established that
cigarette smoke contain substances which arc not only carcinogens and
mutagens but they also affect pulmonary vasculature and also generates
oxygen centered free radicals. In view of above considerations, present
study was planned to assess the seminal plasma for vitamin c. uric acid
and lipid peroxide levels and activities of enzymes superoxide
dismutase and catalase in smokers and non-smokers.
Materials and Methods: Study was set up with two groups viz. Study
group and Control group. Study group comprised of 49 smoker male
partners of couples attending the infertility clinic of department of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary's Hospital. King George's
Medical University. Lucknow, and a control group comprised of 50 non
smoking males who had previously initiated at least one pregnancy and
exhibited normal semen profile. The study group was further divided
into 2 sub groups; (1) people who smoke 1-19 cigarette per day (n=22),
(2) people who smoke more than 20 cigarette per day (n-27). Seminal
plasma was used for the estimation of lipid peroxide. Superoxide
Dismutase. Catalase, urate and Ascorbic acid levels.
Results: The results of the present study showed that the sperm count
was significantly low in smoker sub group I and 2 as compared to nonsmoker group. Sperm motility was also observed reduce in smoker
groups. Abnormal sperm morphology and more dead sperms were found
in smoker sub group 1 and 2. Seminal plasma Lipid peroxide levels in
non-smoker males were found to be 1.56 0.12 nmol MDA/ml (Mean
S.D.). while in smoker group, they were found significantly elevated.
Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in cigarette smokers were
found significantly low as compared to non-smokers. Similarly, seminal
plasma ascorbic acid and urate levels were also observed reduced in
smokers as compared to non-smoker group.
Conclusion: The results of the present study reveal that smoking even in
low quantity affects sperm count and motility as well as disturbs the
balance of oxidants and anti-oxidant defence system.
IL-48
SOY PHYTOESTROGENS COUNTERACT AGE-RELATED
CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION
G, Haegcman, N. Dijsselbloem. M. Ndlovu. E. Boone. L. Vermeulen &
W. Vandcn Berghc
Ghent University, Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for
Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST). K.L.
Ledcganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
After menopause or andropause, loss of the normally inhibiting sex
steroids (estrogen, testosterone) results in elevated IL6 levels, which arc
further progressively increasing with age. This aberrant gene expression
accounts for several disease-associated pathologies and phenotypical
changes of advanced age, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis.
multiple myeloma, neurodcgcncrativc diseases, frailly. Excessive 1L6
expression also promotes tumorigencsis (breast, prostate, lung, colon,
ovarian) and serum IL6 levels arc currently regarded as a diagnostic
marker for tumor progression and prognosis in various cancers. In order
to prevent these types of complaints and to maintain the important
physiological balance, estrogens and SERMs (such as raloxifene,
tamoxifen) have long been recommended in hormone replacement
therapy (HRT). Unfortunately, both pharmacological compound groups
have been associated with severe negative side effects. In this view,
plant-derived estrogens (phytocslrogcns), particularly those found in
soy products (such as genistein), arc considered as putative beneficial
alternatives in HRT. We have analysed in more detail how soy
isoflavones (genistein, daidzein. biochanin) inhibit expression of the
'geriatric' cytokine IL6. TNF-induccd IL6 production in fibroblasts
mainly depends on nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFB, as well as on the activation of p38 and p42/p44 MAPKs, and
consequent cofactor recruitment to the IL6 promoter. Recently, our
research unit identified the dual MAPK (p38, ERK)-rcsponsive MSK1,
as an important player for nuclear NF-B phosphorylation
(transactivation), besides chromatin components (i.e. H3), for optimal
IL6 gene transcription. With respect to molecular targets of soy
isoflavones, our results demonstrate that soy phytocslrogcns, but not
synthetic 17b-cstradiol, can counteract MSK-depcndent NF-kB
transactivalion on selective target genes in fibroblasts and aggressive
tumor cells, most probably via its tyrosine kinase inhibitor and
antioxidant properties. As soy isoflavones integrate both hormonal
ligand activities and interference with signaling cascades, therapeutic
use may not be restricted to hormonal ailments only, but may have
applications in cancer chemoprevention and/or NF-B-rclated
inflammatory disorders as well.
IL-49
ROLE OF CAP. T O R C II NT L , A H E R B A L
IMMUNOMODULATOR AND ANTIOXIDANT IN
RECURRENT PREGNANCYLOSS
HS Palep
Dr. Palcp's Medical Research Foundation. ShankarGhanckar Marg
Mumbai 400025
INTRODUCTION: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as
three or more consecutive spontaneous losses of pregnancy. RPL is a
diagnostic challenge and frustrating therapeutic experience despite (he
tremendous scientific and technological advances in modem medicine.
Nearly 43% ofpregnancy losses are categorized as unexplained etiology.
The immune responses and oxidative stress play a great role in the
successful outcome of the pregnancy. Ayurvedic texts such as Charak
and Sushrut Samhita has advised certain herbs which are
immunomodulatory and antioxidant in nature. Cap Torchnil is a
combination of 11 such herbs
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 69 patients of BOH were studied in
relation to TORCH infection as etiological factor as well as in nonTORCII infections. The study group in either category was given Cap.
Torchnil and in controls, the standard model line of treatment included
low dose aspirin, prednisolone and heparin.
RESULTS: The results showed significant improvement in outcome, in
the study group, in both the categories, TORCH as well as non-TORCH
groups was observed.
CONCLUSION: Cap Torchnil plays an important role in RPL because
of its immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial actions, which
arc characteristics ofal I herbal rasayanas.
SESSION XII
OL-20
PLASMA CERULOPLASMIN LEVELS IN PREGNANCY WITH
PRE-ECLAMPSIA
Sukanya Shetty and Vivian D’Souza
Department of Biochemistry, KSHEMA, Mangalore.
Department of Biochemistry', KMC, Mangalore.
Introduction : Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder
complicating 5 to 7% of pregnancies and characterized by elevated blood
pressure, proteinuria, edema and activation of haemostatic system. The
cause of pre-eclampsia is unknown although several factors have been
shown to contribute. Pre-eclampsia is more common in women during
their first pregnancy, who have diabetes, gestational hypertension. In the
present study plasma ceruloplasmin levels have been evaluated in
pregnancy with pre-eclampsia and compared with normal pregnancy.
Methods : 15 normal subjects, 15 pregnant women and 15 pre
eclamptic patients were selected for the study. The blood samples were
analyzed for plasma ceruloplasmin by ortho - Dianisidinc method.
Results :
Plasma ceruloplasmin level in pregnant women was
significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the normal subjects. A highly
significant increase (P < 0.05) is also found tn pregnancy with preeclampsia when compared to normal pregnancy.
Conclusion : Ceruloplasmin is an acute phase protein in normal
pregnancy.lt is said to have oxidase activity towards polyamine and
polyphenol substrates and also acts as a copper donor for monoamine
oxidase and diamine oxidase enzymes. Because of antioxidant property
of ceruloplasmin, which prevents peroxidation and free radical
formation, increased ceruloplasmin level is found in pregnancy with preeclampsia
OL-21
ALTERATIONS IN LIPID METABOLISM AND FREE RADICAL
LEVELS IN PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION (PIH)
IL-50
MODULATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE INDUCED
OXIDATIVE DAMAGETO DNABYTAX1FOLIN IN MOUSE
R.Rajagopalan, A.Jadhav , S. Malladi*, H.N. Bhilwade, N. Joshi and
R.C.Chaubcy
Genetic Toxicology and Chromosomal Studies Section. Radiation
Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Mumbai-400085
* Department ofZoology, Pune University, Pune-400 007
Introduction: The exposure of human beings to toxic agents generates
oxygen derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be the
possible initiators of various chronic diseases. When levels of free
radicals exceed that of antioxidants during oxidative stress, sensitive
bio-molecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA in particular can be
damaged. Effect ofTaxifolin, a flavonoid on Hydrogen Peroxide induced
DNA damage was studied in mouse peripheral blood leukocytes one
hour prior to administration of hydrogen peroxide (I Omg/kg b. w.).
Methods: DNA strand breaks were estimated by alkaline comet assay in
blood withdrawn, one hour after administration of hydrogen peroxide.
Modulation of hydrogen peroxide induced antioxidant enzymes by
taxifolin was studied in 10% liver homogenate and blood lysate.
Taxifolin (lOOmg/kg b.w.) was administered one hour prior to intra
peritoneal administration of hydrogen peroxide and after one hour the
activities of the anti oxidant enzymes, such as catalase, glutathione
peroxidase and super oxide dismutase were estimated.
Results: On analyzing the results with respective controls a major
amount of DNA damage induced by Hydrogen Peroxide was protected
by Taxi folin, in terms of Comet Tail length, 75%, protection in terms of
tail moment, 83% and in percent DNA in tail, 77% protection was
observed respectively. Levels of all the three enzymes were observed to
be elevated on administration of hydrogen peroxide in liver homogenate
and blood lysate. Administration ofTaxifolin decreased the levels of all
the three enzymes to different extent both in liver and blood.
Conclusion: The mode of antioxidant action of this flavonoid appears to
be by scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species.
B.Vijayalakshmi* and Mythili Bhaskaran**
Meenakshi Medical College, Kanchcepuram, Tamilnadu, lndia-631
552. ** Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India 600001
Introduction: In pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) alterations in
lipid metabolism has been reported. Normal metabolisms of lipids
follow extra mitochondria system. But turn over of lipids exceed the
normal value as in PIH, the metabolism takes up the altered pathway, ie.,
the microsomal system. This in turn evolves oxygen free radicals causing
increased peroxidation of membrane lipids. Therefore wc planned the
present study to quantitate free radical level in the serum of PIH subjects
and correlate it with altered lipid metabolism.
Methods: Ninety random samples were studied in three groups. 1.
Nomiotcnsive non-pregnant women (n = 30). 2. Normotensivc pregnant
women (n = 30). 3. Women with PIH (n = 30). Fasting Blood samples
were analysed for Melon Dialdehydc (MDA) according to the method of
Nadigcretal. and High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) Triglyceride (TGL)
and Cholesterol by standard methods.
Results: Our result showed that, MDA level was higher in pregnant
women than non-pregnant women. However it further increased
significantly in PIH subjects (P < 0.001). There was also significant
increase in the level of cholesterol (P < 0.001) TGL (P < 0.001), and
significant decrease in HDL level (P<0.01) in PIH.
Conclusion: There is change in lipid metabolism in PIH, which has
resulted in, increased in lipid peroxide levels. Melon Dialdehydc
(MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation is therefore increased in
PIH resulting in an imbalance between oxidant and anti oxidant levels.
This increased oxidant level could be due to derangement in lipid
metabolism, which starts off a vicious cycle of autoxidation. Therefore
we suggest that, increased lipid peroxidation could be the contributing
factor for PIH.
IL-51
GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN BACTERICIDAL ACTION
OF CIPROFLOXACIN
M. Goswami, S. Mangoli and N. Jawali
Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center
Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
Quinolones are a group of low molecular weight extremely potent
antimicrobial agents and ciprofloxacin is an important and commonly
used member of the quinolone family. Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA
topoisomerase II and DNA topoisomerase IV,.thereby interrupting DNA
breakage and rescaling steps during the process of DNA supercoiling. In
addition increase of reactive oxygen species in the bacterial cells in
response to ciprofloxacin has been shown. Whether ROS have a role in
the bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin was investigated by studying the
effect of some antioxidant compounds on the sensitivity of E.coli strain
MG 1655 to ciprofloxacin. Ascorbic acid or glutathione provided
substantial protection against ciprofloxacin. Role of O,'and H.O, in the
action of ciprofloxacin analyzed using superoxide dismutase and
catalase knockout strains of E.coli. The results indicate that bactericidal
action of ciprofloxacin is partly mediated through superoxide anion.
This observation is of significance as quinolones arc the only oral anti
pseudomonal antibiotics currently available and the effectiveness of
these antibiotics may be widely affected the dietary intake and cellular
levels ofantioxidants.
A HaOFJAL VEW OF OF FhFaOAoO
jFE F-
\
IL-52
CABBAGE EXTRACTS AND SULFGRAPHANE CAN
PROTECT H.O. INDUCED INHIBITION OFGAPJUNCTIONAL
INERCELLULAR COMMUNIATION THROUGH THE
INACTIVATION OFERKl/2 AND p38MAPK!NASES
Conclusions: Modifications of radiation-induced cytotoxicity have also
been shown by antioxidants suggesting significant role of ROS in
radiation induced cell death. Present findings suggest a possible new
approach, which involves the modulation of intracellularly generated
ROS. These findings would provide a scientific basis to develop
effective guideline for treatment of cancer in patients in clinical settings.
KlunfcSun Kang, Jae-Woong Hwang, Eun-Hye Jo. and Yong Soon
Lee
Lab of Stein cell and Tumor Biology, College of Veterinary medicine,
Seoul National University
Consumption of cruciferous vegetables has been proposed to protect
against various cancers. The cruciferous vegetable such as Chinese
cabbage and broccoli contain Sulforathane (SFN) that is an anticancer
photochemical. Gap junction channels are structures in the plasma
membranes of most of cell type and a direct cell to cell pathway for the
movement of molecular information through exchange of small
molecules and ions. This is known as gap junctional intracellular
communication (GJIC) and functions I homeostasis, cell growth and
differentiation, and many of he physiological processes. Inhibition of
GJ1G by either chemical-tumor promoter or oncogenes is suspected to be
involved in the mechanism of tumor promotion and progression. In the
present study, we examined the anli-crcinogenic properties of some
Chinese cabbage esxtract and SFN on the inhibition of gap junctional
intercellular communications (GJIC) induced by hydrogen peroxide I
WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cell. Our results showed that Chinese
cabbage extracts and SFN were able to prevent the inhibition of GJIC
through the blocking of connectin 43 phosphorylation and inactivation
of ERK
and p38 MAP Kinase. Therefore, our results suggest that
cruciferous vegetable and its component, SFN, may exert the anticancer
effect by targeting the GLIC as functional dietary chemopreventivc
agent. This study was supported by a grant from BioGreen 21 program,
Rural development Administration, Republic of Korea.
IL-53
RADIATION INDUCED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES
MEDIATED CELL DEATH AND ITS IMPLICATION IN TUMOR
RADIOTHERAPY
K.
P. Mishra
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.Mumbai -400 085
Introduction: Investigations on radiation/drug-induccd free radicals in
the mechanism of apoptotic mode of cell death have been gaining
increasing importance in cancer biology and radiotherapy Evidences arc
accumulating to suggest that a correlation existed between radiation
induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic cell death of
cancer cell. It is generally accepted that free radicals play a role in cancer
induction and treatment. This talk gives a review of the current
developments concerning the role of radiation generated intracellular
ROS in the mechanism of cancer induction in normal cell and radiation
and/or drug induced ROS mediated killing of tumor cells.
Methods: Fluorescence and Electron Spin Resonance techniques have
been used to detect and quantify radiation generated ROS in the normal
and tumor cells. Moreover, annexin V fluorescence and electrophoresis
techniques have provided methods for measurement of apoptosis in
cells. Microsciopic examinations were carried out to examine normal
and apoptotic cells in vitro.
Results; Research in our laboratory has been focused to investigate
molecular mechanism of radiation/drug induced cell death in a variety of
tumor cell c.g. EAC, MCF-7, HL-60, HcLa. We have studied the
mechanism of radiation induced oxidative damage in model system as
well as in cultured cells. Results have shown the involvement of
oxidative damage in lipid bilayer and in cellular membrane.
Measurements of lipid peroxidation have shown that radiation triggered
the induction ofccll death through the production of ROS.
IL-54
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SELENOENZYMES AND
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS
G Mugcsh* and Helmut Sics2
'Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry', Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560 012, INDIA, institute for Biochemistry &
Molecular Biology I, University of Duesseldorf, GERMANY
Selcnoenzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin
reductase (TrxR) and selenoprotein P arc known to act against reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species. GPx, in particular, plays an important role
in the reduction of various hydroperoxides by using cellular thiol
reducing equivalents such as glutathione (GSH). The enzyme catalytic
site includes a sclcnocysteine residue in which the selenium undergoes a
redox cycle involving the selenol (EScH) as the active form that reduces
hydrogen peroxides and organic peroxides. The selenol is oxidized to
sclcncnic acid (EScOH), which reacts with reduced glutathione (GSH)
to form selenenyl sulfide adduct (ESeSG). A second glutathione then
regenerates the active form of the enzyme by attacking the ESeSG to
form the oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Recently, some simple
organosclcnium compounds have been shown to mimic the GPx activity.
Among them the most promising drug was Ebsclcn (PZ 51, 2-phcnyll,2-bcnzoisosclcnazol-3-(2//)-onc, 1), a heterocyclic compound that
functions as an antioxidant. (Figure 1). In addition to the GPx activity,
ebselcn also reduces peroxynitritc.
SESSIION XIII
PL-9
AGEING AND FREE RADICALS: A REVIEW
J.C. Tilak1, T.P.A. Devasagayam1 and R.D. Lele2
‘Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre. Mumbai 400 085; 2Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre,
Gopalrao Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai 400026.
Introduction: One of the main causes of ageing has been considered to
be accumulation of cellular damage due to free radicals and decreased
antioxidant defense. Recent studies indicate caloric restriction, resulting
in decreased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), may be able
to increase longevity in certain organisms. This presentation reviews
recent advances in the above areas.
Methodology: Literature survey has been carried out using indexing
services such as 'PubMcd* and some papers and reviews have been
selected along with other general articles on ageing from
popular/scicntific literature.
Results and Conclusions: Several recent studies implicate the role of
ROS in various aspects of ageing and altered gene regulation that
accompany ageing. Among the cellular organelles, mitochondria seem to
play a key role in the generation of ROS and its possible role in various
cellular activities associated with ageing, gene expression and apoptosis.
Altered gene regulation during ageing also has been ascribed to damage/
signaling induceclby ROS. These areas will be discussed in detail.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTIN Al ION INDIA
PL-10
DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES OF CELLS TO NATURAL
COMPOUNDS 7.VF777JO AND IN VIVO
Sainis, KB. Santosh Kumar S. Sharma D and Desai. V
Bioscicncc Group. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085,
India
Introduction: Most of the natural compounds examined for antioxidant
activity are tested in pure chemical or cell free systems. However, their
activities at cellular level in vitro as well as after administration to
animal/ human consumption may be different depending on their uptake,
metabolism, intracellular concentration etc. There are several cellular
responses such as proliferation, phagocytosis, immune responses, nitric
oxide generation etc which involve free radicals and such responses can
be influenced by exogenous antioxidants. The present studies were
aimed at assessing the effect of some natural compounds at cellular level
under conditions of induced oxidative stress or during their specific
physiological functions. Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble analogue
of the green plant pigment chlorophyll and a purified immunomodulator
(PPI / G1-4A) from a medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia were used in
these studies.
Material and methods: Spleen cells from both BALB/c and C3H mice
were used. Different doses of CHL and PPI / G1-4A were administered to
mice intraperitoneally or lymphocytes and macrophages were incubated
in vitro with various concentrations of these agents. Gamma radiation
and a peroxyl radical initiator (AAPH) were used to induce oxidative
stress. Intracellular ROS, phagocytosis and cell proliferation were
measured by flow cytometry. Antibody and cell mediated responses
were generated using sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as an antigen.
Results: CHL entered spleen cells, scavenged radiation-derived
intracellular free radicals in these cells in vitro and inhibited peroxyl
radical induced lipid peroxidation. However, ex vivo studies showed that
both basal and induced ROS levels varied depending on the
concentration and time after administration to mice. CHL exhibited 50 %
protection against whole body irradiation induced apoptosis and lipid
peroxidation in mice. CHL enhanced phagocytic activity and B and T
cell immune responses in mice. It also enhanced cell survival. In
contrast, it inhibited mitogen induced T cell proliferation in vitro. The
immunomodulator from Tinospora cordifolia scavenged radiation and
AAPH-induced free radicals in cell free systems but its administration to
mice had prooxidanl effect resulting in increased basal and induced
levels of ROS and a marginal increase in apoptosis.
Conclusions: While the benefits of natural antioxidants could be
evinced in the context of specific end points, their plciotropic effects on
other targets and functions cannot be ignored.
IL-55
ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALCOHOL SUPPRESSION
OFIMMUNE RESPONSE
AroorARand Baker RC
Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center,
Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
expression. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring DCF
florescence.
Results: Ethanol caused apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphocytes, and
enhanced the entry of cells into S phase and decreased the number of
cells in G,/M phase. Ethanol enhanced concanavalin A induced
apoptosis and cell cycle dysregulation. Ethanol caused increase in
reactive oxygen intermediates and potentiated concanavalin A induced
accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The effects of ethanol were
mimicked by hydrogen peroxide and phosphatidylcthanol.
Conclusions: The apoptosis of lymphocytes is dependent on oxidative
stress dependent dysregulation of cell cycle. Phosphatidylcthanol is a
potential mediator ofethanol induced apoptosis ofJurkatT lymphocytes
IL-56
FREE RADICAL DAMAGE TO MITOCHONDRIA AND ITS
POSSIBLE PREVENTION BY NATURAL COMPOUNDS: A
REV1EWOFOUR STUDIES
J.C. Tilak, T.P.A. Devasagayam
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Mumbai 400085
Introduction: Mitochondria arc crucial subccllular organelles whose
damage can lead to serious consequences for the cell including loss of
many cellular functions. Adverse alteration to mitochondria also has
been implicated in many diseased states such as ncurodcgcnerativc
diseases, cardiomyopathy, multi-organ system failure in sepsis and in the
process of ageing. Hence we have examined the susceptibility of
mitochondria to free radicals and related reactive species generated by
different physiologically relevant model systems and its possible
prevention by some natural compounds.
Methods: Mitochondria were isolated from rat liver/brain and exposed
to free radical generating systems such as -radiation, photosensitization,
peroxyl radicals, ascorbate-Fe:‘, NADPH-ADP-Fc'* and pcroxynitritc.
Damage to mitochondria was assessed by measuring products of lipid
peroxidation in terms of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and
thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); protein oxidation in
terms of protein carbonyls and protein hydroperoxides; loss of protein
sulphydryls, and mitochondrial enzymes besides depletion of
antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH). The natural compounds
examined for their ability to protect against such damage, included
baicalein, caffeine, chlorophyllin, plumbagin, tocotrienols and vanillin.
Results: Mitochondria from both rat liver and brain arc susceptible for
free radical induced damage, the latter being more sensitive. Lipid
peroxidation seems to be the initial event followed by protein damage.
Among the compounds examined, baicalein was the most effective
protector followed by tocotricnol, chlorophyllin, vanillin, plumbagin
and caffeine, in a concentration-dependent manner.
Conclusions: These natural compounds derived from medicinal plants
and dietary substances can help to protect mitochondria against free
radicals generated by different means. Their higher intake in the form of
dietary constituents of supplements may help in reducing the incidence
of diseased conditions/radiation damagc/process of ageing in which free
radicals have been implicated.
Background: A plethora of atypical immune responses including
suppression of lymphocyte mitogenesis and apoptosis of lymphocytes
have been linked to chronic ethanol consumption. This study addressed
the possibility that the effect ethanol has on ethanol induced apoptosis of
lymphocytes
may be due oxidative stress induced by altering
phospholipid metabolism, and supporting phosphatidylcthanol (PEth)
synthesis.
Methods: Jurkat T lymphocytes were treated with ethanol, and
concanavalin A.. Apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphocyte was determined by
flow cytometry by analyzing hypodiploid cells and phosphatidylscrine
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
IL-57
BLOCKADE OF MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY
TRANSITION BY DOPAMINE-D2-RECEPTOR AGONISTS
AND POSSIBLE ROLE IN NEUROPROTECTION
S. Pan ez, K. Winkler-Stuck. 1. Sayeed, P. Schdnfcld*. D. Siemen
Dept. ofNeurology and Dept. ofBiochemistry*.
University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120, Magdeburg,
Germany
Introduction.* The mitochondrion has been shown as the link between
different signaling pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
The formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP)
involves phenomena such as the dissipation of the mitochondrial
electrochemical potential and the release of substances like apoptosis
inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from the membrane cleft. We
investigated the role of dopamine-D2-receplor agonists in blocking the
PTP and thus elucidating neuroprotection by these substances.
Methods: Mitochondria were prepared by homogenizing freshly
dissected rat livers by several steps of centrifugation. Single channel
currents were recorded from mitoplasts by the patch-clamp technique.
Analysis was done using the PClamp software (Axon-Instruments).
Permeability transition was monitored by measuring mitochondrial
swelling as change in light scattering measured by a photometer and
membrane potential changes were determined by the safranine
fluorescence measurement.
Results: Analysis of patch clamp experiments showed that the
dopamine-agonists pramipexole and ropinirole block the PTP dosedependently with an IC50 of500nm and 3.2 jiM respectively. Protection
of Ca*’-induccd permeability transition (PT) by pramipexole as
measured by swelling assay in both energized and non-energized
mitochondria. A dose-dependent block of the PT by ropinirole could also
be seen in energized mitochondria. Additionally, we showed in safranine
fluorescence assays a protection of the membrane potential by ropinirole
after a Ca:* stimulation of the PTP.
Conclusion: The frequently described ncuroprotcctive effect of
dopamine-D2-receptor agonists like ropinirole and pramipexole in
patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases could be due to a
delayed cell death by PTP mediated apoptosis. Designing
pharmaceuticals capable of interfering with the functions of
mitochondrial PTP could delay the decline of motor scores in Parkinson
IL-58
CUTANEOUS PHOTOAGEING: PREVENTION AND REPAIR
USINGANTIOXIDANTAPPROACH
Indu P. Kaur
Senior lecturer, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh-160014. India
In general aging is a progressive accumulation of changes with time, and
is characteristically described as a time dependent functional decline
leading to the cell’s disability to withstand external and internal changes
which accompany advancing age. It represents a biological attrition at
cellular level resulting in cellular senescence and/ or cell death. Human
skin like all other organs undergoes chronological aging. In addition,
unlike all other organs skin is in direct contact with the environment and
therefore undergoes aging as a consequence of environmental damage.
Oxidative stress is regarded as one of the most important spontaneous
phenomena responsible for aging. Reactive oxygen species which are
formed as a result of oxidative stress arc dramatically enhanced by
exposure to the UV- radiation. UV- induced signal transduction
pathways mediate damage to skin connective tissue, degrade skin
collagen and reduce the ongoing procollagen synthesis in severely
photodamaged and chronologically aged skin. Skin is equipped with a
network of enzymatic and non-enzymatic inherent antioxidant systems.
However, at limes these protective molecules may be inadequate to
counter the induced oxidative attack. In the present situation,
extrinsically applied free radical scavengers and antioxidants can
provide both an immediate ahd long term protection. Nutritional
supplements in the form of antioxidants arc long being proposed for their
antiaging effects, but their cutaneous availability is a point of concern
and debate. In this presentation, the usefulness of topical antioxidants, an
as yet under explored group of agents as suitable moietics for combating
photoaging, in addition to the diet, shall be highlighted along with
suitable examples from literature and the authors own research work.
The proposed pathways which can counteract oxidative injury and the
oxidative stress markers which can be used for evaluating the extent of
photodamage will also be discussed. Various oxidative stress markers
whch can be used for assessing the extent of damage and the efficacy of
topical antiaging formulations is also included.
OL-22
U74500A, A 21-AMINOSTEROID AMELIORATES
HALOPERIDOL-INDUCED PERIORAL MOVEMENT. AND
ASSOCIATED MEMORY DYSFUNCTION
Srccnivasuhi N. Pattipati and Shrinivas K. Kulkami
Neuropsychopharmacology Division, University Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Neuropsychopharmacology Division, University Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
Introduction: Tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long
term neuroleptic treatment. The pathophysiology of this disabling and
commonly irreversible movement disorder is still obscure. Oxidative
stress and products of lipid peroxidation are implicated in the
etiopathology of TD. Chronic treatment with neuroleptics is reported to
increase free radical production and oxidative stress. The objective of the
study was to study the effect of U74500A a lazaroid with potent
antioxidant activity on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and
cognitive dysfunction.
Methods: Orofacial dyskinesia (perioral movements) in rats was
induced by chronic treatment with haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for a period
of 21 days. Memory impairment was assessed by using elevated plus
maze and passive avoidance paradigms. Behavioral measurement was
carried out 24 h after the last dose of haloperidol or U74500A.
Biochemical estimations were carried out immediately after behavioral
measurements.
Results: Chronic haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg for 21 days) treatment
significantly induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue
protrusions in rats. Co-treatmcnt with U74500A (10-50mg/kg)
significantly attenuated the development of haloperidol-induced
orofacial dyskinesia (VCMs and TPs). Haloperidol treated rats showed
poor performance on elevated plus maze and passive avoidance
paradigms indicating memory impairment and U74500A significantly
reversed the haloperidol-induced memory impairment. Biochemical
analysis revealed that chronic haloperidol treatment significantly
induced lipid peroxidation, elevated the nitrite levels and decreased the
glutathione levels. U74500A significantly reduced the haloperidolinduced lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and restored the decreased
glutathione levels in rats.
Conclusions: The major findings of the present study suggest that
oxidative stress-induced neuronal death might play a significant role in
neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia and cognitive dysfunction. In
conclusion, U74500A could be a useful neuroprotective agent for the
treatment of haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and memory
dysfunction.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
59
SESSION XIV
significant acute toxicity, when administered in a dose of 1 or 2g per oral
route. TMG being water-soluble can have global antioxidant & radio
protective effects. This needs further clinical evaluation.
IL-59
TREATMENT OF LOCAL EXPOSITION TO RADIATION
INJURY: THE FRENCH EXPERIENCE.
Y.Chancerclie: D. Agay: H.Carsin
French army bum unit and French army medical research center, 24 av.
Des maquis du gresivaudan; 38702 la tronche (France).
The use of radioactive materials offer a wide range of benefits.
Precautions are however, necessary in order to protect people from the
detrimental effects of radiation and exposition to radiation injury may
have severe consequences for the individuals affected. Nevertheless, in
spite of precautions, accidents with radiation sources continue to occur.
When the amount of radioactive material is substantial, as in the case of
radiotherapy sources or industrial or military sources, extreme care is
needed to prevent accidents which may have severe consequences. As a
result of exposure to sources, most of the patients suffer from localized
radiation injury requiring plastic surgery.
After presentation of some effects of radiation injury, the objective of the
presentation is to focus on two radiological accidents for witch the
French army bum center provided support and assistance, and to the
treatment of lesions and skin injuries. We will look at the development
of extended radiation induced skin injuries and the management of
medical and chirurgical treatment from initial to skin grafting with two
examples . The first is related to an accident occurring at Lilo (Georgia)
in an old camp of the Russian army. Several frontier guards from
Georgia were exposed during several months to missing sources of wCs
of medium activity, devoted to formation. The victims were irradiated
for approximately one year and four of them were then treated in France.
Each of them suffered from one or more acute localized irradiation
lesions of various seriousness. The second concern a Peruvian worker
who found a metal disk and conserved it in her pocket for several hours.
This was an iridium source with activity of36,75Ci. After hospitalization
in Peru, the patient was transferred to the French army bum center for
treatment
IL-60
A PHASE I TRIAL OF TOCOFEROL MONOGLUCOSIDE
(TMG) IN PATIENTS
UNDERGOING HEMI-BODY
RADIATION
IL-61
POSSIBLE USE OFANTIOXIDANTS AS RADIOPROTECTORS
C.K.K.Nair
Radiation Biology and Health Science Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
Introduction: Ionizing radiations produce free radicals and reactive
oxygen species which cause damage to biomolccules. Antioxidants arc
known to protect cells from the damage caused by the free radicals.
Radioprotective compounds arc also of importance in clinical
radiotherapy for better tumour control with higher doses. The paper will
present an overview of some of the recent work on protection of
biological systems against ionizing radiation induced damages by the
antioxidant compounds- troxerutin and tocopherol minoglucosidc
(TMG).
Methods: In in vitro studies conversion of the ccc form of the plasmid
DNA to oc and linear forms and peroxidation lipids in microsomal and
mitochondrial membranes on exposure to gamma-radiation were
monitored. For in vivo studies single cell gel electrophoresis (comet
assay) was carried out to examine radioprotection of cellular DNA in
tumour and various tissues such as blood luecocytcs, liver, bone marrow
and spleen, in murine system.
Results: Presence of troxerutin and TMG during irradiation protected
the plasmid DNA from radiation induced strand breaks as evidenced
from the decrease in the conversion of super coiled DNA to the oc and
linear forms. These compounds protected mcmbranc-lipids from
radiation induced peroxidative damage. Protection, due to
administration of troxerutin and TMG, of cellular DNA against radiation
induced strand breaks, was discernible in the cells of normal tissues such
as liver, blood leukocyes, bone marrow and spleen, but not in the cells of
fibrosarcoma tumour, as evidenced from decrease in comet parameters.
Conclusions: The administration of troxerutin and TMG immediately
after exposure to gamma-radiation could preferentially protect normal
tissues against radiation damages in tumour bearing animals. These
radioprotective compounds are of importance for their potential use in
clinical radiotherapy
Nagraj GLHuilgol*. C.K.K.Nair**, P Merhotra*, V.T.Kagiya***
*Div. of Radiation Oncology Nanavati Hospital, S.V.Rd,Vile
Parle(W),Mumbai
***Hcad Radiation Biochemistry section, Radiation Biology & Health
Science Division, B ARC.Anushaktinagar.Mumbai 400 085
*Nanavati Hospital,Vile Parle(W),Mumbai 400 056
***Kinki Invention Centre, Yoshida Kawahara.chol4,Sakyo-ku,Kyoyo
6068305,Japan.
Purpose: To evaluate Tocoferol monoglucoside (TMG), a water soluble
vit E. in a phase I trial, as a radiation protector in those undergoing hemibody radiation for disseminated disease.
Methods & Materials: Patients scheduled to receive modified hemi
body radiation were accrued for the study. Patients not only had
disseminated skeletal disease but, were heavily pretreated Seven patients
were accrued for the study. Patients received 1 and 2gms of TMG. 30-40
minutes before hemibody radiation. A dose of600cGy was delivered on
tclecobalt equipment at mid plane. Immediate Toxicitics were evaluated
as well as response to pain.
Results: All the seven patients underwent radiation uneventfully. There
was no drug related toxicity. Pain reliefwas adequate.
Conclusion: Tocoferol monoglucoside an effective antioxidant with no
IL-62
RADIOPHYTOREMEDIATION
M.N.V.Prasad Department of Plant Sciences
University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046 India.
Radiophytoremcdiation is an emerging biogeotechnological application
based on the "green liver concept". It is an environmental cleanup
strategy in which plants arc employed to remove or contain, or
radionulides. This technology operates on the principles of biogeo
chemical cycling. Radiophytoremcdiation projects have been
successfully implemented in developed nations for the cleanupmetal
radioactively contaminated soils. Extensive diversity of native and non
native plants have been applied in this strategy. This paper reviews the
recent advances to cleanup of radionuclides in soils Tor sustainable
development.
Specie ofAlternanthera are known for weedy and garden ornamentals.
Species like A. sessiles (L.) DC and A. philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb are
used as green vegetables and/or as fodder. It is the most dominant
aquatic weed in contaminated/polluted waters (natural water and
industrial polluted). This is a native to south America and naturalized in
India. Iron content is very high (2%) and used as pot-herb and leaf
vegetable. It is an accumulator of radionuclides and other potentially
toxic elements. Accumulation of radionuclides by tree, grass, and forb
species and their application in phytoremediation for the helath “Human
and biosphere” are presented.
IL-63
NATURALANTIOXI DANTS AN D RADI OPROTECTION
molecular weight of 158 kDa and migrated as a heterodimer of 97 kDa
and 66 kDa on SDS PAGE. Il showed a differential response to radiation
in different atmospheric conditions. The inactivation was in the order
N2O > N2 > Air, indicating a predominant OH radical mediated
inactivation.
Conclusions: Il can be concluded that the mechanism underlying
radiation inactivation of aminopeptidase involves an OH mediated
destruction of crucial tryptophan residues. The chicken intestinal
aminopeptidase is sensitive to gamma and UV radiation. The radiation
inactivation studies have thus proved a good tool to probe into the active
site composition of a protein.
Sandip Kumar Bandvopadhyay
Dr B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science , 244 B,
Acharya J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata-700020, India
The importance of usage of ethnomedicine are nowadays increased as
they have less or no side effects, less cost and often accessibility to the
common people. There are evidences that even prehistoric man had the
idea of pharmacological effects of plants. Today, almost one half of the
pharmaceuticals uses plant products in the preparation as safe and
effective medicine. Piper betle Linn., commonly known as Tambula
(Sanskrit); Pan (Hindi and Bengali) of Piperaceae family is a widely
growing plant in the topical humid climate of South-East Asia. In the
traditional medicinal system it has been reported to possess the wound
healing activity and enhancement of digestion. The ancient literature,
AtharbaVcda, as early as 3000-2500 BC mentioned this plant ( Vedic
name: Saptasira) against various diseases. The extract of Piper betle
leaves possesses antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activity.
The extract also exhibited gastro-cytoprotectivc properties on
experimentally induced gastric lesions by antioxidative mechanism.
Our present study approaches towards the search for the antioxidative
property of the plant itself in relation to the radio-protective activity. The
radioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Piper betle
Linn.has been studied using Rat Liver Mitochondria and p BR 322
plasmid DNAas two model in vitro system. the extract could effectively
prevent the ?ray induced lipid-pcroxidation as assayed by measuring
TBARS, LOOH, 4-HNE, and Conjugated Diene. Likewise, it prevented
radiation induced DNA strand break in a concentration dependant
manner. The radioprotective activity of the extract of Piper betle could
be attributed by its hydroxyl and superoxide scavenging property. In
vitro study also demonstrate that the extractive has a potential to
scavenge a nitrogen centred stable free radical DPPH. The radical
scavenging activity of the extract was primarily due to its constituent
Phenolic component which were isolated and identified as chcvitol and
chevibetolE
IL-64
RADIATION INACTIVATION OF AN ALANINE
AMINOPEPTIDASE - A PROBE INTO THE ACTIVE SITE
COMPOSITION
DandekarS.P.*
Prof & Head. Department of Biochemistry, Acting Deputy Director,
National Plasma Fractionation Centre, Seth G. S. Medical College &
K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai 400 012.
Introduction: Interaction of free radicals play an important role in the
biochemical processes often leading to pathological conditions such as
carcinogenic and mutagenic events ultimately causing cellular lethality.
Radiation chemistry of proteins and enzymes is assuming importance
since such studies provide information on the properties of the enzyme
active site and migration of free radicals through the macromolecule.
Methods: The present study reports on the radiation response of an
important protease: aminopeptidase. This was purified to homogeneity
from chicken intestine which is a rich source of proteins and proteolytic
enzymes.
Results: The aminopeptidase purified from chicken intestine had a
OL-23
INFLUENCE OFTHE LEAF EXTRACT OF MENTHA PIPERITA
(LINN) ON RADIATION INDUCED DAMAGE IN SWISS
ALBINO MICE
P. Kaushik, RD. Mccna, A. Kumar
Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory , Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004 (India)
Introduction: To investigate the radioprotective activity of 50%
ethanolic extract of Mentha piperita leaves (ALM) in Swiss albino mice
exposed to different doses ofgamma radiation.
Methods: To study the radioprotective effect of ALM, mice were
administered different doses, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight of
ALM orally for 3 consecutive days before exposure to 8 Gy gamma
radiation. The optimum dose (100 mg/kg body weigh t/day) of ALM was
administered before exposure to 6,8,10Gy gamma radiation along with
their respective controls (radiation alone). Reduced glutathione and lipid
peroxidation were estimated in total surviving animals of all groups on
day 30 post irradiation. The radioprotective effect of Mentha piperita
was further analyzed on bone marrow chromosomes at 1,3,7,14,30day
post-irradiation.
Results: The optimum radioprotective dose was 100 mg/kg body
weight/day of ALM where the highest survival (75%) to 8 Gy radiation
was observed .The irradiation caused a dose dependent decrease in
survival, while treatment of mice with ALM enhanced survival. The dose
reduction factor (DRF) was 1.44. Irradiation caused a dose dependent
decline in the levels of glutathione accompanied by an elevation in lipid
peroxidation, ALM pretreatment arrested glutathione decline and lipid
peroxidation elevation significantly. A significant reduction in
chromosomal aberrations was observed in ALM treated groups.
Conclusion: The significant reduction in radiation induced
chromosomal aberrations suggests the anti-mutagenic effect of Mentha
piperita. The possible mechanism of radioprotection might be free
radical scavenging and arrest of lipid peroxidation accompanied by an
elevation of glutathione.
61
OL-24
IL-65
MODULATORY INFLUENCE OF MENTHA PIPERITA (LINN)
LEAF EXTRACT ON HEPATIC ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND
LIPID PEROXIDATION AGAINST GAMMA RADIATION IN
SWISS ALBINO MICE
INHIBITION OF RADIATION INDUCED TYROSINE
NITRATION OF PROTEINS BY CURCUMIN AND
R.M.Samarth and Ashok Kumar
Radiation & Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004[India]
The radiomodulatory influence of aqueous extract of leaves of Mentha
piperita Linn. (Igm/kg body weight/day) was studied on hepatic
antioxidant status; glutathione content (GSH), glutathione peroxidase
(GPX). glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferasc (GST),
superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation
(LPO) were assessed in Swiss albino mice. A significant decrease in the
activities of glutathione content (GSH, P<0.001), glutathione peroxidase
(GPX, P<0.50). glutathione reductase (GR, P<0.05), glutathione-Stransferase (GST. P<0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD, P<0.50) and
catalase (CAT. P<0.50) were observed in the liver of mice exposed to 8.0
Gy gamma radiation. Also, a significant increase in malondialdehyde
formation (MDA) in liver was observed in these animals. However,
animals prctrealed with Mentha extract and exposed to 8.0 Gy gamma
radiation showed a significant increase in the activities of reduced
glutathione content (GSH, P<0.00l), glutathione peroxidase (GPX,
P<0.50), glutathione reductase (GR. P<0.50), glutathione S-transferasc
(GST, P<0.50), superoxide dismutase (SOD, P<0.50), and catalase
(CAT. P<0.50). Mentha extract pretreated irradiated group showed
significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in liver,
suggesting its role in protection against radiation induced membrane
damage. Mentha extract has significantly induced the activities of
glutathione peroxidase (GPX, P<0.50) and superoxide dismutase (SOD,
P<0.50) in the present study. The present study also reveals that Mentha
extract can significantly attenuate radiation induced oxidative stress by
modulating cellular enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense
system. Antioxidant influence mediated by Mentha piperita Linn, was
assessed by its efficacy to modulate the basal level of the specific
activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in liver of
Swiss albino mice.
NICOTINAMIDE.
Malini Krishna and H. Narang
Radialion Biology and Health Sciences Division, B.A.R.C, Mumbai.
India
Nitric oxide has been implicated as an important signaling molecule that
is activated by various kinds of stress. Ionizing radiation has been shown
to induce NO production via activation of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide
synthase) in various cell lines. SAPK/JNK pathway has been shown lobe
involved in iNOS activation. One of the components of NO production is
the nitration of proteins. Proteins nitrated on tyrosine have been isolated
from pathophysiological tissues; nitration was therefore attributed to
pathological conditions. However, the role of nitration in cell signaling
has just begun to be unraveled, where many crucial signaling proteins
were found to be the targets. In this study the pattern of nitration has been
studied following gamma irradiation and the modulatory effect of
curcumin, nicotinamide and JNK inhibitor has been studied.
The noteworthy observation of this study was that the increase in NO
production did not parallel the iNOS expression but-was similar to the
nitration of proteins. After LPS activation and irradiation, the increase in
iNOS was not as much as the increase in iNOS activity. This implies that
iNOS, apart from being regulated at the transcriplional/translalional
level by LPS and ionizing radiation, may also be under post-translational
control by these inducers. The subsequent nitration of proteins was found
to parallel nitric oxide production and not iNOS expression.
This study therefore indicates that there are two phases at which NO
production is monitored, one that lies prior to iNOS activation and the
second that lies distal to NO production. The first phase where NO is
produced by iNOS activation is under the control of JNK and NF-c
B and the second phase, where nitration of proteins takes place, is also
under the control of JNK. The activation or inhibition of iNOS docs not
reflect the postlranslational modification (nitration) of the proteins and
should not be taken as a measure for NO production. The ultimate
nitration of proteins is the critical parameter that should be used for
interpreting the effects of NO production.
SESSION XV
PL-11
IL-66
MITOCHONDRIA. NITROSATIVE/OXYDATIVE STRESS
AND THE CROSSROADS FOR DAMAGING AND
PROTECTIVE PATHWAYS
G Wolf, A. Schroter. S. Andrabi and T. Hom
Institute of Medical Neurobiology University of Magdeburg, Germany.
Traditionally, mitochondria have been viewed as the "powerhouse" of the
cell, i.e., the site of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery involved in
ATP production. But in recent years a large body of knowledge have come
to recognize that mitochondria also participate in other important
processes such as the intracellular calcium levels, the initiation and
performance of cell death programs and aging. Moreover, mitochondria
constitute a primary locus for the intracellular formation and conversion
of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS). These processes arc
pivotal for the modulation of critical cellular functions, where nitric oxide
(NO) forms the crossroads for oxydative and nitrosative pathways and for
damaging and protective actions as well. The NO-related formation and
opening behavior of the mitochondrial permeabilty transition pore
(mtPTP) is suggested to play a particular role in this context. As to brain
tissue, preconditioning induced by NO pre-adaption can increase the
tolerance to nitrosativc/oxidative stress, although the underlying
ncuroprotective mechanisms are not fully understood. Accordingly wc
show that not only the concentration but also the time point of the NO
exposure determines the outcome of NO actions as demonstrated by the
intracellular calcium dynamics and mtPTP opening in response to the
activation of glutamate receptors (NMDA-sublypc). The ways by which
antioxidants may be involved is extremely complicated.
L-ARGININE TREATMENT RESCUES MICE FORM HEAT
STROKE INDUCED DEATH. ROLE OF NITROSATIVE AND
OXI DATIVE STRESS
£3 ..
T.B.Poduval, Saurabh Chatterjee, Sudha Premachandran, R. S.
Bagewadikar
Immunology and Hyperthermia Section, Radiation Biology and Health
Sciences Division. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai
400085, India.
Heat stroke and bum injury are major killers world wide. The
consequence of heat waves have been appalling, both in the West as well
as the East, both in tropical and temperate regions of the world. The
recent heat waves in 2003 killed more than 35,000 people in Europe and
more than 1600 people in India.. Research findings have shown that heat
stroke results from thermoregulatory failure coupled with an
exaggerated acute phase response. The ensuing multi-organ injury
results from a complex interplay among the cytotoxic effect of the heal
and die inflammatory and coagulation responses of the host. There arc
no therapeutic approaches to handle these major catastrophes. Thermal
hazard associated with bums kills more than I lakh people in India.
Hypothermia is poor prognostic indicator not only in burn victims but
also in other critically ill patients. Since nitric oxidc(NO) is an early
molecule, which plays a role in the host stress response, including the
thermoregulation of the host, wc used an amino acid L-arginine, a
substrate for NO in modulating the mortality. Wc used a mouse model
of heat stroke to test the therapeutic efficacy of L-arginine a semi
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
KJ .
M -
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essential amino acid, which is needed in large quantity during stress, in
rescuing the mice from death. Heat stroke mice injected with L-arginine
had significantly elevated rectal temperature, compared to the only heat
stressed or heat stressed mice injected with cither D-arginine or saline. Larginine treatment resulted in significantly unproved survival. Studies
which looked at the molecular markers suggested decreased levels of
heat stress proteins in the liver and decreased nitrite and inflammatory
cytokines in the plasma compared to the heat stressed mice which arc not
treated, or treated with D-argininc. This L-argininc induced homeostasis
both at the physiological and molecular level, which is favourable to the
survival of the heat stressed mice. L-arginine, which is the least toxic
amino acid, which ahs been clinically widely used can be used to treat
heat stroke due to either environmental or exertional heat. This can also
be considered in handling stroke, and critically ill patients, who arc
hypothermic and hypothermia is a poor prognostic indicator for such
IL-67
TIME, SPACE AND NITRIC OXIDE: THE THREE
DIMENSIONS OFNOS
Suvro Chatterjee
AU-KBC Research Centre. Anna University, Chennai
Nitre Oxide Syntahse (NOS) is a heme containing dimer protein which
produces Nitric Oxide (NO). Robust co-translational and posttranslational control machineries involving palmitoylation,
myristoylation, prolein-protein interactions and sub-cellular trafficking
evolved for the control of NO production from NOS. Sub-cellular
trafficking of NOS has been implicated in the cNOS activity and control.
NOS in endothelial cells, known as cNOS, is mainly distributed in two
sub-cellular domians, plasma membrane and perinuclear region close to
Golgi area. Membrane localization of cNOS attributes to acylation of cterminal cysteine residues. Point mutation experiments with critical
acylated cysteines suggest that plasma membrane distribution of cNOS
is imporatnt for the activity of cNOS. Results of our experiments prove
that agonist such as bradykinin promotes physical movement of cNOS
proteins from plasma membrane to peri-nuclear Golgi area. Sub-cellular
trafficking of eNOS proteins also asured a surge in the production of NO.
Further, we showed that both the localization and activity of cNOS are
associated with a large GTPasc protein, dynamin-2. These observations
suggest that spatial distribution of NOS proteins in the endothelial cells
tune the temporal production of NO along with other eNOS associating
proteins.
IL-68
THE INHIBITION OF INSULIN INDUCED NITRIC OXIDE
SYNTHESIS BY BLOOD PLATELETS IN CHRONIC
CIGARETTE SMOKERS.
U Ray, 3, K Chakraborty 1, G Reddy 1, N Sinha 1, S Karmohapatra 1, & A
K Sinha 1.2.
Sinha Institute of Medical Science & Technology, Calcutta, Indial,
Mount Sinai Medical Center, NY, USA2, Royal Hobart Hospital Hobart,
Tasmania, Australia3.
Background: Chronic cigarette smoking has been established to be a
major risk factor for the coronary artery disease (CAD) in men.
However, pathophysiological mechanism that leads to CAD due to
cigarette smoking remains largely obscure. From this laboratory it has
been reported earlier that insulin is an essential humoral factor for the
prevention of CAD through the systemic generation of nitric oxide (NO),
a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation catalysed through insulin
activated nitric oxide synthase (1ANOS) on platelet membrane
(BioEssays 2003 26(1): 91-98). The aim of the present study was to
determine the role of cigarette smoking on the synthesis of NO through
IANOS and consequent effect on platelet aggregation leading to CAD.
Methods: Blood was collected either from chronic cigarette smokers for
> 3 years (M= 20, age: 23-75 years) or sex and age matched normal
volunteers with no systemic hypertension or diabetes mcllitus. The
inhibitor protein against IANOS was isolated by chromatography on
DEAE-Cellulosc and Sephadex G50 gel filtration. Nitric oxide was
determined as described before (IUBMB Life. 2000 May; 49(5): 44150). Aggregation of platelets was determined using aggregometer as
described before (Platelets 2003 (14) 4:203-210).
Results: While the incubation of normal washed platelets in Tyrodc's
buffer with 200 punit insulin/ml produced 3.3 nmol NO/107 platelets/h,
incubation of the suspension with 7.5 pg inhibitor/ml for 60 min at 370C
reduced the insulin induced NO synthesis to 1.3 nmol/107 platelets/h
under similar condition. Incubation of normal platelet-rich plasma with
the same amount of the inhibitor under identical conditions resulted in
the blockade of insulin-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation by
70% induced by different aggregating agents. Isolated inhibitor from the
plasma of chronic smoker was found to be a homogeneous protein with
molecular weight of 29 KD as determined by polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis.
Conclusion: We conclude that chronic cigarette smoking results in the
systemic appearance of an inhibitory protein for the synthesis of NO
through IANOS, and in the reduction of insulin stimulated synthesis of
NO in the circulation. The consequent enhanced platelet aggregation
predisposes chronic cigarette smokers to increased CAD due to the
impairment of insulin induced thromboprotection.
This work was supported by the Philip Moms Inc, USA (External
Research Program).
OL-25
HYPERTHERMIA INDUCED ATTENUATION OF
MITOCHONDRIAL HYDROXYL RADICALS IN CARDIAC
H9C2CELLS
Govindasaniy Ilangovan, Anna Bratasz, Jay L. Zweicr, Pcriannan
Kuppusamy
Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University,USA
Hyperthermia, in terms of mild and non-lcihal heat shock, protects
cellular death from various diseases by expressing heat shock proteins
which can accumulate with time after the hyperthermia treatment.
Particular interest of these proteins in the field of cardiology is their
effective role in protecting the myocardium in combination with the
nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme. It has been previously reported that
the ischemic injury is very much reduced for the animals which are
treated by hyperthermia (42-457C for 1 -3 hrs) prior to subjecting them to
ischemia reperfusion protocol, indicating a possible therapeutic
intervention with the heat shock proteins. Though such an observation of
improved myocardial recovery was observed, the actual mechanism of
cardioprotection still remains unsolved. Using cardiac H9c2 cells as
model system, recently we reported that the heat shock induced HSP90
activates the eNOS to increase the production of NO and the produced
NO can block the respiration. Thus reduced respiration of myocytes in
the intact heat stressed myocardium might be one of reasons for the
reduced injury. The present presentation will focus on some of the recent
results obtained in our laboratory on the generation of reactive oxygen
species in hyperthermia treated cells, using EPR and DCF-2 A
fluorescent staining. The results have shown that hyperthermia
attenuates the generation of OH radicals through reducing the
mitochondrial aconitase activity. Results and evidences for possible
binding of heat shock proteins with m-aconitase will be presented and
discussed.
” ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION
Wednesday 12 Jon-2005
WEDNESDAY
0730 - 0830
BREAK FAST ROUND TABLE
Jan 12” 2005
SYMPOSIUM XVII
SYMPOSIUM XVI
Venue . HALL-A
SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM
Sponsored by : LAILA IMPEX
Venue : HALL B
Venue : MAIN AUDITORIUM
0900 - 1130
Topic : “RECENT ADVANCES IN MARKERS IN OXIDATIVE STRESS”
Topic : "HERBAL ANTIOXIDANTS’”'
CHAIRPERSONS:
1. CKK Nair (India) 2. Baulo Zhao (China) 3. Jawall N K (India)
CHAIRPERSONS:
CHAIRPERSONS :
1. Abbas A Mahdi (India) 2. Udayan Ray (Australia) 3. Mishra K P (India)
1. Harl S. Sharma, (Netherlands) 2. Ramosh Chandra (India)
Topic : "GENES TO GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE"
3. Haegeman (Belgium)
: Generation and reactions of singlet oxygen
with organic molecules
IL-69 Harlmohan (India)
IL-70 Kuppuswamy P (USA) : Cardioprotective effects of nltroxyl-conjugated
derivatives of trimetazidine against
ischemia-reperfusion injury
IL-71 Madhu Dikshit (India)
: Neutrophil functions and ascorbic acid:
an exploration
IL-72 MNA Rao (India)
: In praise of oxidant stress
IL-74 Debasis Bagchi (USA) :: Molecular mechanisms of weight management
by a Novel (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid (Hca-Sx) Extract
: Chemopreventive effect of naringin on the benzo
(A)Pyrene -induceo foreslomach carcinoma In mice
IL-75 GC Jagetia (India)
Peter van der Spek
(Netherlands)
IL-78 S Pandey(Canada)
: Role of oxidative stress in neuronal cell death:
Neuroprotection by Coenzyme Q1Q,
IL-79 Subbaraju (USA)
: Novel Anti-Inflammatory
Properties of 5-Loxin, Akba Enriched Boswellia Extract
IL-80 GJ Sharma (India)
: Plant-Based Anti-oxidants against sulfur free
radical-induced damages
: Recent developments in data analysis after
DNA microarray experiments.
Luke Janssen (Canada) : Isoprostanes: New mediators in airway and
vascular functions.
. Differential response of different sources of DNA
to protection by antioxidant rich plant extracts
Padma PR (India)
: Antibody array as a tool to assos altered proteins:
implications to cardiovascular diseases.
Ramesh Chandra (India) : Role of metalloporphyrins in therapeutics of
cardiovascular complications during hypoxic
stress.
IL-76 Manish K Pandit (USA) :: Antioxidant effects of withania somnifera on
glutamic acid induced neurodegeneration
in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of
swiss albino mice
IL-77
IL-73 Sudhakaran PR (India) : Oxidant stress and production of superoxide
dismutase (SOD) By monocyte-macrophage
in culture
Nilanjana Maulik (USA)
Hari S. Sharma
(Netherlands)
: Myocardial gene profiling during human
cardiac hypertrophy and failure
1130
SYMPOSIUM XVIII
Venue : MAIN AUDITORIUM
SYMPOSIUM XIX
Venue: HALL A
Topic : "MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS - II”
Topic: “MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS-III"
1145
CHAIRPERSONS :
CHAIRPERSONS:
1. Irfan Rahman (USA) 2. Adhikarl S (India) 3. Sainis K B (India)
1. MNA Rao (India) 2. Hldeyukl Majlma (Japan) 3. Dandekar S. P. (India)
:
Thyroid hormone-induced oxidative stress In
the submitochondrial particles of rat liver
OL-28
Reddanna P (India)
: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer
properties of clerodendron serratum extracts
OL-34
Molly Jacob (India)
: Alterations in the intestinal glycocalyx and
bacterial flora in response to oral indomethacin
IL-82 Poonam Kakkar (India)
:
Exploration of antioxidant capacity of herbs:
A target specific approach
OL-29
Patel VH(lndia)
: Antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed
vegetables of gujarat.
OL-LS
Senthil Murugan(lndia)
IL-83 RamVatnani (India)
:
Antioxidants and free radicals in health
OL-30
Singh HV (India)
IL-84
:
Rhodiola: A versatile adaptogen
: Serum apolipoproteins A-l, A-ll, B, C-ll, C-lll,
E and total antioxidant status in
angiographically proved CAD cases.
: Compensatory role of a 182 kda protein,
a cardiac isoform of 2m in the free radical
mediated cellular damage In pathological
conditions.
:
Effect of rubia cordifolia, fagonia cretica linn
and tinospora cordifolia on free radical
generation and lipid peroxidation during oxygen
glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal slices
OL-31
Rani P (India)
: Influence of selenium status on the cellular
defence against oxidative damage during
aging in the Insect C. cephalonica
:
Antioxidant role of tetrahydro curcumin (The):
effect on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant
status in chloroquine Induced toxicity
OL-32
Vijay K Kutala (USA)
: Spirulina prevents doxorubicin-induced free
radical release and apoptosis in
cardiomyocytes in vitro
OL-33
Govindarajan R (India) : Effect of desmodium gangeticum on
antioxidant enzymes in
streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
IL-81
Chainy GBN (India)
Farhath Khanum (India)
OL-26 Biswas SK (India)
OL-27
Pari L (India)
LUNCH
POSTER SESSION
1400 -1430
1430 -1600
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CONCLUDING SESSION FOLLOWED BY VALEDICTORY FUNCTION & HIGH TEA
1600 - 1700
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SESSION XVI
IL-69
GENERATION AND REACTIONS OF SINGLET OXYGEN
WITH ORGANIC MOLECULES
Hari Mohan
to assess the cardiac function and damage. The results demonstrated that
some of the TMZ derivatives showed significant cardioprotcction. Both
TMZ-NH and TMZ-NHO(N-phcnyl-substitutcd) showed
cardioprotection with a more than 3-fold increased recovery of
contractile function compared to control hearts. Thus, the new class of
compounds with dual functions exhibit potent antioxidant action and
protection against myocardial injury in the postischcmic heart.
Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamics Division,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085
Singlet molecular oxygen ('OJ is a reactive oxygen free radical which
plays an important role in the photodynamic therapy of cancer. It is
oxidizing in nature and various biochemical reactions generates singlet
oxygen invivo. Some peroxidase are also known to proceed through
singlet oxygen intermediate. There arc several dyes which arc used as the
generators of'O;, while some cellular organelles and other biomolcules
like antioxidants have high reactivity. In order to exploit photodynamic
action in therapy, it is necessary' to quantitatively evaluate the yield and
reactivity of singlet oxygen. For this, a new transient luminescence
spectrometer (TL900, Edinburgh Instruments, UK) was used. The
instrument is designed to produce singlet oxygen by photosensitization
and measure luminescence decays at 1270 nm. The signal using
germanium detector is measured by an oscilloscope through an emission
monochromator.
The life time of'O, in acetonitrile and benzene was found to be 67 and 30
s, respectively. In presence of the quencher, the lifetime decreased. The
decrease in lifetime in presence of varying concentrations of the
quencher was used to determine the quenching rate constant for a
number of organic compounds. Antioxidants like curcumin, resveratrol,
caffeic acid and ferulic acid showed quenching rate constants of
1.3x10”, 1.1x10”, 8.1x10 s and 4.0x10s M’1 s' respectively. The
reaction of singlet oxygen with organosclenium compounds such as
cbselen and its analogues have also been studied. Good correlation was
observed between the observed rate constants and electron density at
selenium.
IL-70
CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF NITROXYLCONJUGATED DERIVATIVES OF TRIMETAZIDINE
AGAINST ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY
P. Kuppusamy, M. Khan, V. K. Kutala, K. Hideg*
Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH, USA and *Institutc of Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry', University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
Myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion induces the formation of
deleterious oxidants, such as, O, H,O_„ OH, ROO, and Fc (IV). These
oxidants inflict significant functional injury to the heart leading to
inefficient cardiac contractility and/or arrhythmias and cell death. Prior
studies have shown that exogenous SOD, catalase and other antioxidant
enzymes can prevent the postischcmic reperfusion injury. However, the
protective effect of SOD and catalase is limited because of their large
molecular size and their inability to get into cells. We have synthesized
cyclic amino/nitroxidc derivatives of some commonly used antiarrhythmic and anti-ischemic drugs. The amino/nitroxyl derivatizations
enable these drugs.to function as anti-oxidants. Previously, we have
reported that the antioxidant compound 2,2,5.5-tclramcthyl-3carboxamide prevented the postischcmic myocardial injury.
Trimetazitidinc (TMZ, 1 [-(2.3.4-trimcthoxyphcynyl) methyl]
piperazine) has been used as an anti-anginal and anti-ischemic agent
over the last two decades. In the present study, we have investigated the
efficacy of various derivatives of TMZ with an antioxidant moiety, on
isolated rat hearts subjected to ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (45
min). Hearts were either untreated or treated with 50 p
M of TMZ and TMZ-derivativcs for 1 min before ischemia. The
hemodynamic, biochemical and histological parameters have been used
IL-71
NEUTROPHIL FUNCTIONS AND ASCORBIC ACID: AN
EXPLORATION
Madhu Dikshit
Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow226001, India
Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), the first line of
defense, against the invading microbes generate both reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Ascorbic acid, though present in
large concentrations in the PMNs docs not have a defined physiological
relevance. Role of ascorbic acid and its cell permeable analogue,
dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) on the PMNs functions such as
phagocytosis, apoptosis, free radical generation and modulation of
platelet aggregation was the subject of present study. Ascorbate and
DHA did not affect the phagocytosis but enhanced ROS generation and
apoptosis following treatment with Escherichia coli, FMLP, phorbol
ester (PMA) or arachidonic acid (AA). DHA also increased hydrogen
peroxide (H.O,), pcroxynitritc (ONOO-) generation from PMNs, and
inhibited platelet aggregation in the presence of PMNs. Early apoptosis
marker. Annexin V was significantly increased after bacterial
phagocytosis in the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate treated cells.
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, as measured by nitrite content,
diaminofluorescein fluorescence or conversion of L-[’H]-arginine to L[’H]-citrulline was enhanced in rat, monkey or human PMNs after
ascorbate or DHA treatment. The increase in NO generation following
ascorbate treatment was due to the intracellular ascorbate as
iodoacetamidc mediated inhibition of DHA to ascorbate conversion
attenuated the DHA mediated increase in NO synthesis. The
augmentation of NOS activity in the PMNs homogenate by
tetrahydrobioptcrin was significantly enhanced by ascorbate, while
ascorbate alone did not influence the NOS activity. NOS activity was
also reduced significantly in the scorbutic guinea pig PMNs. Ascorbate
mediated enhancement of NOS activity in the cultured PMNs was
significantly reduced in the presence of bioptcrin synthesis inhibitors.
Ascorbate thus seems to regulate the NOS activity in the PMNs through
tetrahydrobioptcrin. Detailed investigation on the DHA mediated
increase in the ROS generation indicated that, inhibitors of DHA uptake,
NADPH oxidase, NO synthase, or ROS scavengers attenuated ROS
generation. The response was also attenuated in presence of NO
scavengers, hemoglobin and PT1O, and by ROS scavenger, SOD and
catalase, while MPO inhibitor had no effect. Iodoacetamidc, an inhibitor
of intracellular conversion of dchydroascorbate to ascorbate; high
glucose (10 mM), an inhibitor of dehydroascorbate uptake reduced
ascorbate/dehydroascorbate induced NO and pcroxynitritc generation
from PMNs. Thus ascorbate mediated ROS and RNS generation might
mediate cytotoxicity towards the ingested microbes and subsequently
augmented PMNs apoptosis. The talk will focus on the role of ascorbate
in the regulation ofneutrophil functions.
FIOXIDANTS - DES flNATKM' IfeJU
IL-72
SESSIION XVII
IN PRAISE OF OXIDANT STRESS
M.N.A.Rao
IL-74
Divis Laboratories Limited, Hyderabad.
Oxygen is the essence of life. Without oxygen, life probably would not
have progressed beyond the ocean and earth would have ended up like
Mars, full of red iron oxide and without any sign of life. It is oxygen that
has given diversity to life, in the form of a variety of microorganisms,
plants and animals. Contrary to the common belief that the antioxidant
system developed in order to fight against oxygen, life had learnt to lake
care of excess oxidant stress well before oxygen accumulated in the
atmosphere. In iact, certain amount of oxidant stress is essential for the
proper functioning of cells. Many transcription factors require oxidant
stress for activation. NFe B, Nrf-2, AP-1, P53, etc. require oxidation
before migrating to the nucleus where they activate transcription by
binding to DNA. Although a large number of diseases arc attributed to
oxidant stress, antioxidant therapy has not yet thrown up any miracle
cure . Many antioxidants are known to act as prooxidants in a different
situation. It is likely that we are designed to be refractory to excess
dietary antioxidants so that the beneficial effects of oxidant stress is not
affected.
IL-73
OXIDANT STRESS AND PRODUCTION OF SUPEROXIDE
DISMUTASE (SOD) BY MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE IN
CULTURE
A.Radhika, V.B Samecr Kumar and P.R.Sudhakaran
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala,
Kariavattom Campus, Trivandrum 695 581, India.
Introduction: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) undergo
transendothclial migration and differentiate to macrophages, which take
up oxidatively modified LDL and become foam cells. The macrophages
are known to produce H2O2 whose content increases when they arc
subjected to oxidant stress, which inturn is attributed to increased
dismutation activity of SOD. The present study was designed to evaluate
the production and secretion of SOD by mo-m? system under conditions
of oxidant stress using PBMC in culture.
Methods: PBMC was isolated from human peripheral blood and
maintained in culture for different lime intervals in RPMI-1640 medium
and supplemented with oxidized LDL. The culture medium and cell
layer were collected at different time intervals and the activity of SOD
was assayed.
Results: Analysis of down regulation of monocyte specific markers like
MPO and CD 14 and upregulation of m? specific functions like ?
-glucuronidase. MMPs and CD7I showed that monocytes in culture
undergo differentiation to macrophages when subjected to oxidant
stress. Mo-m?in culture produces SOD, which was distributed into
extracellular (EC) and intracellular parts. Treatment of these cells with
oxidatively modified protein caused an increase in the level of EC-SOD
indicating that cells respond to oxidative stress by secreting more of ECSOD. It appears that the production of superoxide is dependent on a
membrane bound NADPH oxidase, which is otherwise dormant and may
be activated in response to certain stimuli including oxidant stress.
Conclusions: The results indicate that mo-m? system when subjected to
oxidant stress produce and secrete SOD to the extracellular space, which
may be important in protecting the cell surface, and ECM from
superoxide mediated damage.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF WEIGHT
MANAGEMENT BY A NOVEL 0-HYDROXYCITRIC
ACID (HCA-SX) EXTRACT
D. Bagchi, H.G. Preuss and C.K. Sen, Creighton University Medical
Center, Omaha, NE, Georgetown University Med. Clr, Washington, DC,
and Ohio State University Med Ctr„ Columbus, OH, USA.
Garcinia canibogia-dcrvvcd HCA has shown promise in weight
management. We have recently demonstrated the broad spectrum safety
and bioavailability of Super CitriMax (HCA-SX, a 60% calcium
potassium salt of HCA). HCA-SX promotes weight loss in both humans
and animals, fat oxidation and inhibits ATP-citratc lyase. A recent
clinical study in 90 subjects exhibited that HCA-SX reduces body
weight, BMI, scram leptin, LDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol, and
enhances the excretion of urinary fat metabolites. HCA-SX acts as a mild
serotonin receptor reuptake inhibitor (SR.RI) and enhances the
availability of serotonin in the brain tissues. HCA-SX feeding
marginally increased five neurotransmitters including serotonin,
dopamine, DOPA-C, 5-HIAAand HVA in the brain, which might explain
its appetite suppressive effect. Recently, the effects of low-dose oral
HCA-SX was investigated on the body weight and abdominal fat
transcriptome in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either control or
HCA-SX for 8 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from abdominal fat and
microarray Genechip analysis was conducted. Data analyses were
conducted using Affymelrix Microarray Suite 5.0. Results were
validated on selected genes by conducting Real Time PCR. HCA-SX
restricted body weight gain in rats and lowered abdominal fat leptin
expression. High-density microarray analysis of 9960 genes and ESTs
present in the fat tissue identified a small set of specific genes sensitive to
dietary HCA-SX and weight loss. Milochondrial/nuclear proteins
necessary for fundamental support of the tissue were not affected by
HCA-SX, which demonstrated the safety of HCA-SX. Functional
characterization of HCA-SX sensitive genes revealed that up-regulation
of genes encoding serotonin receptors represents a distinct effect of
HCA-SX on appetite suppression. Taken together, these results
reconfirm the ability of HCA-SX m appetite suppression and obesity
regulation by modulating a set of key functional genes.
IL-75
CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECT OF NARINGIN ON THE THE
BENZO(A)P YRENE -INDUCED FORESTOMACH
CARCINOMA IN MICE
Gancsh Chandra Jagetia
Department Of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal576104, India
The chcmoprcvcnt i ve activity of 1,2.5,5,10.25,50,100 or 250 mg/kg b.
wt. naringin, a citrus flavanone was studied on the bcnzo(a)pyrene
(BaP)-induced forestomach carcinoma in female Swiss albino mice.
Naringin was given before, after or both (before & after) orally or
intraperitoneally to mice receiving BaP for the induction of chemical
carcinogenesis. The optimum chcmoprevcntive dose was found to be 10
mg/kg p.o. and oral administration was more effective than the
intraperitoneal treatment. A maximum chcmoprevcntive activity of
naringin was observed when it was given during and after the
termination of BaP treatment. The tumor incidence and tumor
multiplicity were reduced in a dose dependent manner, highest reduction
of 78% in tumor multiplicity was observed at 10 mg/kg, where a 20%
reduction in tumor incidence was also observed. However, a reduced
chcmoprevcntive effect was observed when naringin was given either
before or after chemically induced carcinogenesis. These observations
were further confirmed by PCN A labeling where naringin pretreatment
reduced lhe PCNA labeling index by four folds. The micronuclei
analysis in splcnocytes also confinns to lhe chemopreventive activity of
naringin. BaP treatment increased the frequency of micronuclei bearing
splcnocytes (MNBNC) by six folds. Naringin treatment during and after
BaP administration reduced the frequency of MNBNC in a dose
dependent manner up to 10 mg/kg where a highest reduction in MNBNC
was observed, thereafter the frequency of MNBNC showed a marginal
increase up to a dose of 250 mg/kg naringin however it was two folds
lower than BaP treatment alone. A similar effect on MNBNC decline was
observed for pre or post-nanngin treated group however, the degree of
decline in MNBNC was lesser when compared to pre-post naringin
treatment. Our study demonstrates that the naringin possess
chemopreventive activity and this may be due to reduction in DNA
damage as evidenced by lower frequency of MNBNC in the group
treated with naringin during and after chemical carcinogenesis.
IL-76
ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON
GLUTAMIC ACID INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION IN
HIPPOCAMPUS AND CEREBRAL CORTEX OF SWISS
ALBINO MICE
M.K. Pandit and M.S. Parihar’
* Biochemistry Division. Faculty of Life Sciences. School of Studies in
Zoology. Vikram University, Ujjain (MP) - INDIA// Southern Illinois
University, School of Medicine. Springfield. IL 62794-9626, USA
Introduction: Oxidative stress participates in the etiology of
ncurodegencrative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's
disease. The brain with its high lipid content, low levels of free radical
eliminating enzymes may be prime target of free radical damage. Plant
flavonoids have significant effect on protection of brain against free
radicals. Wilhania somnifera (Ashwagandha) has a profile of activity
that is consonant with putative antistress and antioxidant activity. In the
present work, we examined the neuroprotective effects of Wilhania
somnifera against lipid peroxidation (LPO) in parallel with the level of
reduced glutathione (GSH) in Hippocampus and Cerebral cortex regions
mouse brain.
Methods: Glutamic acid was injected intraperitoneally in three
concentrations (1.0. 5.0.10.0 mg/kg body weight) for 10 days.
Methanolic extract of Withania somnifera was administered orally in
concentration of250 mg/kg body weight. Free radical induced oxidative
damages was assayed by lipid peroxidation assay as described by
Okahwa el al. (1979). Endogenous antioxidative defense system was
assayed by the analysis of reduced glutathione as described by Jollow cl
al. (1974.).
Results: Extract of Wilhania somnifera (250 mg/kg body weight)
protected both hippocampus and cerebral cortex neurons against
oxidative damage as evidenced by significant (p<0.05) decline in lipid
peroxidation. The GSH content was significantly (p<0.05) increased
after the treatment with extract of Withania somnifera.
Contusion: From results we conclude that the extract of Withania
Somnifera has significant antioxidant property which may prevent the
progression of neuronal cell injury.
IL-77
DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF
DNA TO PROTECTION BY ANTIOXIDANT RICH PLAN I
EXTRACTS
Padma,P.R. and Dhanalakshmi, K.
Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Avinashilingam Deemed
University, Coimbatore 641 043
The role of herbal constituents in preventing and combating oxidative
damage is unquestionably proven by many studies conducted the world
over. The exact mechanism of action of many such preparations,
however, eludes the researcher. In-depth studies into the molecular
mechanisms of action of herbal extracts should be conducted to
understand the biochemical mechanism of action of the components.
One promising herbal candidate that has been well recognized for its
memory-enhancing properties is Bacopa Monnicri, commonly known as
Brahmi. The exact mechanism of action of this herb in preventing
oxidant-induced damage is as yet unclear. Earlier studies conducted in
our laboratory showed that Bacopa monnicri could significantly
decrease the extent of DNA damage induced by the oxidant H2O2. As a
first step towards understanding the mechanism of the damage
prevention different sources of DNA(viral, bacterial, haploid animal and
diploid animal) were treated with H2O2, in vitro or in intact cells, in the
presence and absence of the extracts of Bacopa monnier. Another herb,
Alternanthera scssilis, which bears a remarkable morphological
similarity to Bacopa Monnicri, was also tested in a similar manner. The
results showed that all the types of DNA were damaged significantly by
the in vitro exposure to H2O2. The extent of damage was significantly
reduced by lhe co-exposure of leaf extracts of both Alternanthera scssilis
and Bacopa monnicri. However, the extent of damage was not
completely reversed by the extracts at the dose level tested in the in vitro
systems. However, in the intact cells, the reversal of DNA damage was
complete, where the extent of damage was found to reach the basal levels
after exposure to lhe leaf extracts. This indicated that the phytochemicals
present in Alternanthera scssilis and Bacopa monnieri leaves exert a
better DNA-protectivc action in the presence of some endogenous
component in the intact cell. This observation has a lot of bearing under
in vivo conditions, the understanding of which will potentiate the use of
these herbs in the preparations used against a variety of oxidant-induced
disorders and diseases.
IL-78
ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN NEURONAL CELL DEATH:
NEUROPROTECTION BY COENZYME QI 0
Pandcy SI Somayajulu Ml. McCarthy SI, Hung Ml, Sikorska M2,
Borowy-Borowski H2,
1.Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Windsor,
Windsor, Canada.
2. National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada.
Recent research has indicated that neuronal cells arc highly sensitive to
reactive oxygen species such as free radicals. Il has been hypothesized
that mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent production of ROS may
induce neuronal cell death occurring in neurodegencrativc disorders
such as hypoxic-ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
In lhe present study, we have demonstrated that external oxidative stress
induces mitochondrial dysfunction leading to increased ROS generation
and ultimately apoptolic cell death in neuronal cells. Furthermore, we
have investigated the role of Coenzyme Q10 as a neuroprotective agent
Our results indicate that total cellular ROS generation was inhibited by
Coenzyme Q10. Further, pre-treatment with Coenzyme Q10 maintained
mitochondrial membrane potential during oxidative stress and reduced
the amount of mitochondrial ROS generation. Preliminary in vivo
studies have shown that Coenzyme QI0 helped in improving cognition
in rats when oxidative stress was induced using paraquat. The levels of
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
lipid peroxidation were higher and low GSH levels in the brain tissues in
rats that were not led with Coenzyme Q10 prior to paraquat treatment.
While those led with Coenzyme Q10 prior to paraquat treatment showed
lower lipid peroxidation and higher GSH levels. Our study suggests that
water-soluble Coenzyme Q10 acts by stabilizing the mitochondrial
membrane when neuronal cells arc subjected to oxidative stress.
Therefore. Coenzyme Q10 has the potential to be used as a therapeutic
intervention forneurodegenerative diseases.
IL-79
NOVEL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF 5-LOXIN,
AKBA ENRICHED B0SWELL1A EXTRACT
Subbaraju GV, Roy S, Khanna S, Shah H, Bagchi D, Raju GR,
Krishnaraju AV, Sen CK. Laila Impcx Research Clr, Vijayawada, India;
Ohio Stale Univ. Medical Clr, Columbus, OH; Creighton Univ. Med. Ctr,
Omaha, NE.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, chronic, progressive, skeletal,
degenerative disorder. NSAlDs represent the current therapeutic option
for the treatment of inflammation and pain associated with OA. In
Ayurvedic medicine, the gum of Boswellia serrata is purported to have
good anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. The acute oral LD<0
of 5-LOXIN, an enriched fraction ofBoswellic acid with -30% 3-acetyl1 l-kcto-'?-boswcllic acid (AKBA), is >5.0 gm/kg in rats, acute dermal
LD.O is >2.0 gm/kg, primary dermal irritation index is 0.0. and scored
mildly irritating in ocular irritation tests. TNF-?
is known to play a major causative role in the pathophysiology of
numerous inflammatory disorders including OA. Wc investigated the
molecular mechanisms underlying the purported anti-inflammatory
properties of 5-LOXIN. Inflammatory response was induced in human
microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) by treating cells with TNFng/ml). 5-LOXfN was first tested for its potential cytotoxic properties by
LDH assay in HMEC. No toxic effect was observed up to a dose of 50
?g/ml. To identify the genome-wide effects of 5-LOXIN in an
inflammatory situation, GcncChip (Aflymctrix) analysis was conducted
using human genome U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip. This array analyzes the
expression level of over 47,000 transcripts and variants, including
38.500 well-characterized human genes. HMEC were cither pre-treated
or not with 5-LOXIN for 48h. After this duration, cells were treated with
TNF-? and harvest after another 6h. Global transcriptome analysis
identified a specific set of 5-LOXlN-sensitivc inflammatory genes
including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The expression
of VCAM-1 microvascular endothelial cells is recognized as an early
feature in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as OA.
Additional experiments employing quantitative real-time PCR
technique to assess gene expression confirmed that TNF-inducible
VCAM-1 expression in HMEC is down-regulated by 5-LOXIN
treatment. These results warrant further evaluation of 5-LOXIN in an in
vivo model ofinflammation.
IL-80
PLANT-BASED ANTI-OXIDANTS AGAINST SULFUR FREE
RADICAL-INDUCED DAMAGES
Rapid screening protocols have already been developed to evaluate the
anti-oxidant potentials of members belonging to family Zingibcraceac.
Rhizome extracts of these members arc widely utilized in dietary intakes
and traditional system of medicine. Crude methanol rhizome extracts of
elite species have been evaluated for the presence of anti-oxidant
potentials using sulfur free radical reactivity with curcumin as reference
indicator. Sulfur free radicals (GS) can be generated by irradiating 15
mM glutathione (GSH) solution using a 5100 Ci cobalt-60 gamma
irradiator (BARC, India). In vitro depletion of pure curcumin (Sigma,
USA) determined by simple spectrophotometric measurement is used as
reference indicator for reactivity with sulfur free radicals. Addition of the
supernatant from crude extracts (after homogenization and
centrifugation at 5000 rpm) to the reaction mixtures can significantly
decrease the depletion ofcurcumin, thereby indicating that these extracts
do possess anti-oxidant properties. Varying magnitudes of curcumin
protection can be achieved in treatments at different doses of irradiation.
Relative curcumin depletions by crude extracts against sulfur free
radicals in the elite species have shown that significant anti-oxidant
properties could be detected in all the members with Zingiber
cassumunar Rose providing the maximum activity thereby indicating
that this species possesses significant potentials’. Some of these results
arc briefly discussed in this paper
SESSION XVIII
IL-81
THYROID HORMONE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN
THESUBMITOCHONDRIAL PARTICLES OF RAT LIVER
S.
Chattopadhyay, A. Roy, D.K.Sahoo and GB.N. Cliainy
Departments of Zoology and Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani
Vihar, Bhubaneswar-751 004, India
Introduction: Thyroid hormones are known to influence several
mitochondrial functions including oxygen consumption, oxidative
phosphorylation, proton leak and biogenesis. The present study aims to
investigate the effect of thyroid hormone on the integrity of
mitochondrial inner membrane.
Methods: Submilochondrial particles (SMPs) were prepared from the
liver of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid adult male Wistar rats by the
administration of 0.05% 6-n-propylthiouracil (PTU) for 45 days and by
daily injection of20gT3/100g body weight for3 days to the PTU-trcated
rats, respectively. Control rats received vehicle for the same period. The
primary index of membrane damage viz., lipid peroxidation and protein
carbonylation were compared among the SM Ps of the three sets of rat.
Results: Endogenous lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation
change significantly in both hypo- and hyperthyroid rat SMPs in
comparison to euthyroid (P < 0 05). In vitro lipid peroxidation induced
by the redox couple FeSO. / ascorbate as well as ADP/ Fc’’ did not
■register significant change in any of the altered thyroid stales (P< 0.05).
Among the oxidants, tert-butylhydroperoxidc induced significant
peroxidation in both hypo- and hyperthyroid rat SMPs, while hydrogen
peroxide could induce peroxidation only in the hypothyroid rat SMPs (P
<0.05).
Conclusions: The results suggest that thyroid dysfunction makes the
submitochondrial particles of liver of rats highly susceptible to oxidative
damage, thus ultimately affecting the mitochondrial membrane function
GJ. Sharma
Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, lmphal-795003, India
Natural anti-oxidants* role in countering free radical-mediated
macromolecular damages leading to a variety of human diseases has
been very well understood and documented in the literature. The
emerging trend in anti-oxidant research aims at bioprospecting bio
active molecules from various conventional and non-convcntional
medicinal plants possessing anti-oxidant properties. The rich megabiodiversity hotspot of the north-cast India offers invaluable gene pools
for several endemic medicinal plants requiring immediate attention.
iW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
IL-82
EXPLORATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF HERBS: A
TARGET SPECIFIC APPROACH
P.Kakkar and S. Nair
Industrial Toxicology Research center,
P.O. Box-80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, INDIA
Traditionally used herbs are gaining unforeseen popularity due to
revelation of their scientifically validated efficacy using modern
methods. A large number of herbal products with antioxidant capacity
arc available as neutraceuticals, cosmetics and over the counter
functional foods. We explored some therapeutically important medicinal
herbs for their antioxidant potential. Since herbal extracts arc a mixture
of many chemical constituents, efforts were made to address some
pertinent issues. Is one free radical quenching assay sufficient to know
the antioxidant capacity of herbs? Will a battery of assay systems with
different free radicals as targets generate differential response? What
would be the response of herbal extracts in different cell types as targets?
Selected medicinal plants i.c. Acorns calamus, Azadirachta indica,
Nelumbo nucifera,, Phylanthus emblica and Terminalia chebula were
subjected to exploration of antioxidant capacity using ABTS radical
assay, SOD mimetic activity, LPO inhibitory potential, total thiol content
and plasma oxidisability inhibition. Studies were also conducted to sec
the effect of these standardized extracts on the viability of K-562 cells
and primary rat hepatocytes subjected to oxidative stress using MTT
assay. The same extracts were also explored for their quenching capacity
of NO released by stimulated alveolar macrophages. The results show
differential response of extracts to different target free radical species
and cell types. The approach is beneficial in selecting herbal antioxidants
for use in specific disease/stress condition.
defense mechanism
too gets affected by the oxidative damage,
reducing our immunity to infections and external challenges. Oxidative
damage of another kind exposes us to the development of cancer and
many other illnesses. The need of the hour is to prevent as well as
manage such high levels of oxidative stress. It is here that the naturally
occurring vitamins and antioxidants have values beyond compare.
While the role of vitamins has been known for a long time, antioxidants
arc steadily emerging as dietary forces of the new millennium.
Well, wc now understand that free radicals are produced in the body and
may have potential for tissue damage, free radicals damage accumulates
with age.
Antioxidants are nutrients (vitamins and minerals) as well as enzymes
(proteins in our body) that assist in chemical reactions). They are thought
to protect the body against the destructive effects of free radicals.
Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by donating one of their electrons,
ending the electron- stealing reaction. Antioxidants act as scavengers,
helping to prevent cell and tissue damage that could lead to cellular
damage and disease.
Antioxidnats such as VitaminE, Mixed-Carotenoids, Vitamin-C, Lutein,
Enzymes, and trace elements and minerals block the process of oxidation
by neutralizing free radicals. In doing so, the antioxidants themselves
become oxidized. That is why there is a constant need to replenish our
antioxidant resources. In a healthy or normal person, the body is
adequately provided with, to handle free radicals.
IL-84
RHODIOLA: A VERSATILEADAPTOGEN
Farhath Khanum
Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
IL-83
ANTIOXIDANTSAND FREE RADICALS IN HEALTH
Ram Vatnani
Director, Privi Pharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai
The new millennium has ushered in E-business, E-commerce and gamut
of E-activities in all walks of life. This era, in turn, has introduced a
stressful mindset in the society at large. The high level in any aspect of
life coupled with intense competition is leading to a general erosion of
value systems all around. By and large, people in Asia who have
adopted both to the life style and eating habits of west have lower fiber
and accompanied by an increase in obesity, cardiovascular and digestive
problems coupled with higher stress levels. The Asians arc thus faced
with a rapid increase in the diseases ofthe Western hemisphere.
Conversely, in the US and other western countries, where cardiovascular
diseases and obesity have already reached epidemic levels, there is a
noticeable move in the reverse direction. Fiber for long, a staple food of
Asian / Japanese diets, is one of the hottest ingredients in the US, with
soya, oats and whole grains gaining official approval highlighting
various health claims.
We also pollute our external environment with toxic wastes of the mindboggling diversity, not to mention, noise and smoke. Small wonder then
that we live with an under current of anxiety which only reinforces the
vicious cycle. At the same time, we don't stop inflicting further damage
on ourselves with a life style brimming with fast food, cola, tobacco,
sleep deprivation and many more items. Any way, from whatever angle
wc look at it, our life, toady, is not natural, and our life style is taking us
further and further away from what the mother nature would have liked.
Such a transition gets translated into excessive demands on our
metabolic process, which eventually, leads to higher oxidative stress on
all body tissues and organs. For instance, blood vessels all over the body,
irrespective of their size, undergo changes over the period of years as a
result of oxidative damage to their inner lining. The resulting decrease in
blood flow leads to impaired functioning of various organs including
vital ones like heart, kidneys, brain, eyes. Similarly, our body's
Rhodiola rosea belonging to the family Crassulaceae is a popular
medicinal plant in Russia and Scandinavia. Extracts of this plant have
been found to favourably affect a number of physiological functions
including neurotransmitter levels, central nervous system activity,
cardiovascular function etc. Il is being used to stimulate nervous sytem,
decrease depression, enhance work performance, eliminate fatigue and
prevent high altitude sickness. Most of these effects have been attributed
to the constituents such as salidrosidcs, rosavins and p-tyrosol. Il has
been found to strong antioxidant and anticarcinogen due to the presence
of several phenolic compounds. In India the plant has been growing wild
in high altitudes of Himalayas. Defence Research and Development
Organisation has taken up the responsibility of its conservation,
development of multiplication management practices and development
of health foods, supplements and nutraceuticals in India. During the
presentation, the physiological effects on the humans, mechanisms of
actions, and its exploitation for development of nutraceuticals will be
discuuscd
OL-26
EFFECT OF RUBIA CORDIFOLIA, FAGONIA CRETICA LINN
AND TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA ON FREE RADICAL
GENERATION AND LIPID PEROXIDATION DURING
OXYGEN GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION IN RAT HIPPOCAMPAL
SLICES
Rawal A K1, Rahman 12 and Biswas S K
1 SMV Center for Biotechnology, Sindhu Mahavidyalaya, Panchpaoli,
Nagpur-440017, MS. India.
2
Department of Environmental Medicine, University of ^Rochester
Medical Center, Rochester, USA, } Department of Biochemistry, Dr.
Ambedkar College, Decksha Bhoomi, Nagpur- 440010, MS, India.
Introduction: The major damaging factor during and after
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
ischemic Tiypoxic insult, is the generation of free radicals, which leads to
apoptosis, necrosis and ultimately neuronal cell death. Rubia cordifolia
(RC). Fagonia cretica linn (FC) and Tinospora cordifolia (TC) have
been reported to contain a wide variety of antioxidants and have been in
use in the eastern system of medicine for various disorders.
Methods: Rat hippocampal slices were subjected to OGD (oxygen
glucose deprivation) and divided into 3 groups, control, OGD and OGD
t- drug treated. Cytosolic reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide [NO,
measured as nitrite (NO2)J. RT-PCR was performed for the three herbs to
assess their effect on the expression of gamma-glutamylcystcinc ligase
(GCLC), iNOS. and G APDH gene expression.
Results: All the three herbs were effective in elevating the GSH levels
and expression of the GCLC. The herbs also exhibited strong free radical
scavenging properties against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as
revealed by diminished expression of iNOS gene, NOS enzyme activity,
ONOO generation and lipid peroxidation. RC, FC andTC also increased
Cu-Zn SOD gene expression and activity.
Conclusions: Therefore RC, FC and TC attenuate oxidative stress
mediated cell injury during OGD and exert the above effects at both the
cytosolic as well as at gene expression level and may be effective
alternative therapeutic tool against ischemic brain damage.
Acknowledgements: NIV. Pune, India, British Heart Foundation, UK.
OL-27
ANTIOXIDANT ROLE OF TETRAHYDRO CURCUMIN
(THC): EFFECT ON LIPID PEROXIDATION AND
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN CHLOROQUINE INDUCED
TOXICITY
L.
Pari and D. RosalinAmali
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Introduction
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is one of the major colourless metabolite of
Curcumin, the biologically active principle from the rhizomes of
Curcuma longa (Turmeric). In the present investigation THC was
evaluated for its antioxidant role against the conventional antimalarial
drug chloroquine (CQ) induced toxicity in rats.
Methods
Chloroquine (970mg/kg) toxicity was developed with single oral
administration. THC (80mg/kg) administered orally for 8 days before
single administration of CQ (970mg/kg) and treatment with THC
followed for 7 more days. At the end of experimental period, the
activities of scrum enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine
transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), bilirubin, scrum lipids, liver
lipid peroxidation indices (TBARS and hydroperoxides) and
antioxidants (enzymic and nonenzymic) were estimated.
Histopathological changes in liver were also observed. The effect of
THC was compared with curcumin.
Results
The increased activities (p<0.05) of serum hepatospecific enzymes and
the levels of bilirubin, serum lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides,
phospholipids and free fatty acids) and hepatic lipid peroxidation were
observed in rats treated with CQ. In addition, the decreased levels of
antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase
and reduced glutathione) in liver were also observed in CQ treated rats.
Administration of THC and curcumin significantly decreased (p<0.05)
the serum hepatospecific markers and the level of lipid peroxidation in
liver with enhancement of cellular antioxidant defense against CQ
challenge. All these observations were supplemented by
histopathological examination of liver.
Conclusion
The results of this study revealed that the antioxidativc action of THC is
responsible for its protective activity against CQ induced hepatic
damage. THC has more prominent effect than curcumin
OL-28
ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-CANCER
PROPERTIES OF CLERODENDRON SERRATUM”
EXTRACTS
Jaipal Reddy, S1., Srcckanth, D1., Reddy, GV 1., Annie Shirwaikar2 and
Rcddanna,PI*.
1 School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad- 500
046
2 Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal-576 119
* Corresponding Author (E-mail:prsl@uohyd.cmcl.in)
Introduction: Growing popularity and worldwide acceptance of
alternative medicine has drawn attention of many researchers towards
exploration and identification of drug candidates from natural sources
that can cure chronic diseases effectively. The present study
scientifically validates the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and
anticancer properties of Clerodendron serration root extracts.
Methods: The roots were first extracted with alcohol, and then
fractionated with petroleum ether, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethyl
methyl ketone and n-butanol. according to increasing polarity. These
fractions were checked for cytotoxicity. Among these fractions ethyl
acetate fraction showed relatively more cytotoxicity followed by ethyl
methyl ketone fraction. Based on this, ethyl acetate (EA) fraction was
selected for testing its anti-inflammatory and anticanccr properties in
vitro and in vivo. Antioxidant effects of the extracts was studied by its
ability to scavenge DPPH free radical by ESR method. The anti
inflammatory properties of ethyl acetate fraction were tested in
carrgeenan induced rat air-pouch model of inflammation. Anti-cancer
activity of EA fraction was proved by testing their anti-proliferative
effect in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line K562. The active
ingredients of EA fraction were isolated and further characterized on
LC/MS, Proton and C” NMr, FIRMS
Results: ESR studies show promising DPPH radical scavenging
activities of EA extracts of C. serration. In the carrageenan induced rat
air-pouch model of inflammation, decrease in exudate volume and total
cell population in the EA fraction treated animals was observed
compared to carrageenan treatment alone. In carrageenan treated
animals oxidative stress was found to be increased in the pouch tissue as
evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione
levels. The decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase,
glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, indicate the induced
oxidative stress in animals during inflammation. These levels were
restored in EA fraction treated animals, and thus showing its anti
inflammatory properties.
EA fraction showed potent anti-proliferative effects on chronic myeloid
leukemia cell line, K562. “Classical laddering” of DNA, which is regard
as a marker of apoptosis, was clearly detected in cells treated with EA
fraction. Flow cytometric analysis of the K562 cells treated with EA
fraction (10 g/ml) showed of 41 % cell in sub GO/G1 phase i.c undergoing
apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis of treated cells showed the increase
of hypodiploid apoptotic cells in a concentration-dependent manner and
decrease of the cells al S and G2 phase of cell cycle. These results thus
suggest the induction of apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells by
ethyl acetate fraction of the plant. Further purification of EA fraction on
HPLC revealed one major and .one minor peak. These peaks were
identified as saponin glycosides with molecular weights of774 and 755.
OL-29
ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF COMMONLY CONSUMED
VEGETABLES OFGUJARAT STATE.
V.H.Patel and Meghna Sisodiya
P.GDepartment of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh
Vidyanagar-388 120.
Introduction: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse
association between consumption of fruits and vegetables and
degenerative diseases. As plant foods contain many different classes and
types of antioxidants, knowledge of their total antioxidant capacity
(TAC), which is the cumulative capacity of food components to
scavenge free radicals, would be useful for epidemiological purpose.
Methods: Total eighteen vegetables were analyzed for their TAC along
with vitamin-C, B-carotenc and total phenols .The TAC of pure vitaminC and gallic acid was also studied.
Results: The content of vitamin-C, B-carotene and total phenols in
studied vegetables ranged from 1.1 to 132.5 mg%, 4.56 to 5436.52 p
g% and 46.52 to 1056.22 mg%. respectively. Six vegetables showed
TAC values more than 60.0%., five vegetables showed TAC values in
between 40-60% and seven vegetables showed T/\C values less than
40%. Coriander leaves showed highest amount of all three studied
antioxidants as well as TAC value. The TAC of pure vitamin-C and gallic
acid (at 40 pg/ ml concentration) was found to be 20.57 and 37.27 %,
respectively. Comparing the TAC of all vegetables with pure compounds
it was found that 17 vegetable showed higher TAC values titan vitamin-C
while 11 vegetables showed higher TAC than gallic acid. The correlation
and regression analysis of the antioxidant compounds and TAC of
vegetables showed positive but insignificant relationship.
Conclusion: Most of the vegetables showed better TAC values than the
pure compounds. Hence, it is recommended that the supplementation of
natural antioxidants through balance diet containing enough vegetables
could be the most effective measure in protecting the body against
various oxidative stresses.
OL-30
SERUM APOLIPOPROTEINS A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-IH, E AND
TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS FN ANGIOGRAPHICALLY
PROVED CAD CASES
H.V. Singh1, A Raizada1, N.Singh', S.Thomas2, A. Omar", A.K.Khera2,
S.Bhandari2, N.Trehan2
3.33 ± 2.38 mg/dl, apoC-111 was 7.20 ± 2.76 mg/dl, apoE was 2.69 ± .50
mg/dl and lp(a) was 20.98 ± 18.66 mg/dl and TAS 1.10 ± 0.14 m mol/L
respectively.
Conclusion: Mean levels of apolipoprotein A-l (P<0.001), A-II
(P <0.001) and TAS (P<0.001) were significantly decreased m CAD
cases than the control group; where as ApoC-II (P <0.001) and Lp(a)
levels (P <0.001) were significantly increased in angiographically
proved CAD cases.
OL-31
INFLUENCE OF SELENIUM STATUS ON THE CELLULAR
DEFENCE AGAINST OXIDATIVE DAMAGE DURING AGING
IN THE INSECT C.cephalonica
P.Rani
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 004.
Introduction: Aging results from the deleterious effect of free radicals
produced in the course of cellular metabolism. Age associated changes
reported in antioxidant enzymes seems to lack uniformity. In the present
study the extent of oxidative stress mediated by oxygen free radicals
during aging of the insect C.cephalonica was assessed with respect to
Selenium status.
Methods: Se deficiency was created in the insect model C.cephalonica
by formulating Se deficient diet. Age associated changes in broad
spectrum ofantioxidants and indicators ofoxidative stress were assessed
in both Se deficient experimental and Se supplemented (1.0 ppm)
control group.
Results and conclusions: Sc deficiency in experimental model Corcyra
cephalonicti resulted in impaired mitochondrial substrate oxidations and
lowered thiol levels. Decline in antioxidant defense mechanism with
aging process was also evident as shown by continuous drop in
GSH/GSSG ratio accompanied with linear increase in lipid
peroxidation. While SOD and GST activity increased with aging
process, catalase and GSH-Px activity enhanced upto third instar
followed by drop in late instar stages. In Sc deficient group, the extent of
increase in antioxidant enzymes with aging were low compared to Se
supplemented group which is directly correlated with high level of lipid
peroxidation, pointing to the prevalence of oxidative stress in Sc
deficiency. Electron microscopic observations revealed structural
changes such as loss cristae with proliferative and degenerative changes
of mitochondria in Se deficiency. Involvement of Sc in maintaining the
redox balance and thereby delaying the aging process is evident from the
present study.
1 Dept, ofBiochemistry, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad
’ Dept, of Biochemistry & Cardiology, Escorts Heartinstitute, New
Delhi
3
Dept, of Biochemistry, GR.Medical College, Gwalior
Introduction: Lipoproteins & apolipoproteins in ethnic Indians vis a vis
other ethnic grouApoli poprot eins arc being studied in coronary artery
disease for their possible role in the formation and reduction of
atherosclerotic plaques. Many unsubstantiated reports have generated
intense interest in the role of antioxidants in preventing heart disease. In
the present study however, it is an attempt to study the same in Indian
population.
Methods: 124 healthy individuals were selected after screening them
for normal lipid profile, x-ray chest, TMT, ECG and for diabetes; where
as 121 angiographically proved cases were selected for the present work,
in which 76 CAD cases were found to be diabetic.
Results: The mean values for apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, E
and total antioxidant status were 94.75 ± 27.48 mg/dl, 23.04 ± 7.67
mg/dl, 90.65 ± 28.57 mg/dl, 4.63 ± 3.38 mg/dl, 7.52 ±
3.26 mg/dl, 2.73 ± 1.48 mg/dl, 52.13 ±48.32 mg/dl and TAS 0.92 ± 0.18
m mol/L respectively for diabetic CAD cases ; where as in healthy
controlsmcan serum value for apoA-I was 118.81 ±21.88 mg/dl, apoAII was 28.43 ± 6.01 mg/dl, apoB was 87.14 ±21.68 mg/dl, apoC-II was
OL-LS
COMPENSATORY ROLE OF A182 KDA PROTEIN, A CARDIAC
ISOFORM OF 2M IN THE FREE RADICAL MEDIATED
CELLULAR DAMAGE IN PATHOLOGICALCONDITIONS
T.Senthil Murugan , C.Rajamanickam*,
GKavitha.
D.Isaac Dhinakaran,
Osho Biotech Research Institute, Madurai. *A.K College of
Engineering, Anand Nagar.
Extensive studies on the characterization of a 182-kDa protein that
appears in the blood sera of animals subjected to aortic constriction have
shown it to play a crucial signaling role in the development of cardiac
hypertrophy. Further molecular characterization has shown it to be the
cardiac isoform of 2M. a liver specific stress protein. Based on the
sequence homology of 2M, the growth factor binding domain and
protease inhibitor domain of the 182-kDa protein have been
characterized. A similar protein has been found in induced levels in the
sera of patients with hypertrophy suffering from vat ious cardiac ailments
such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, aortic rcgurgication
A RADICAL ViEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
and aortic stenosis. Recently we have reported the possible
compensatory contribution of this protein in cardiac cellular damage and
its expression in other secondary cardiac ailments including Hansen's
disease and Diabetes. The prominent high-level induction of this protein
in leprosy and in diabetes has further triggered our thrust to unravel its
global role in several pathological conditions. The protease inhibitor
ciTcct of this protein has received much attention and a new dimension of
its compensatory mechanism in free radical damage has been
highlighted. It is proposed that the 182-kDa protein may interfere with
the rate limiting step in the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to
xanthine oxidase. It is suggested that the calcium overload during the
hypertrophic condition may trigger the Protease mediated conversion of
xanthine dehydrogenase to Xanthine oxidase during the reoxygenation
phase, which ends up in the production of free radicals and ultimately the
tissue damage. The 182-kDa protein may interfere to bring down the
level of free radicals by inhibiting the conversation and thereby may
prevent the cellular damage in several pathological conditions
inflammatory conditions. Present study was undertaken to study the
effect of Dcsmodium gangeticum on antioxidant enzymes in diabetic
rats.
Methods: Strcptozocin -induced diabetic rats were treated with D
gangeticum extract and its fractions and the levels of antioxidant
enzymes were estimated. The effect was assessed on lipid peroxidation
(LPO) and the antioxidant defense enzymes like GSH and SOD in rat
tissues.
Results: Flavanoid fraction demonstrated hypoglycemic effect in the
diabetic rats significantly at 25 mg/kg within three hours after
administration whereas the alkaloid fraction did not have any sigm ficant
reduction. Oral administration of the flavanoid fraction reduced the
hepatic TBARS (1.83 nmoles/ mg protein as compared to 3.78 nmoles/
mg protein of control), GSH level (5.47 nmoles/ mg protein as compared
to control of 3.86 nmoles/ mg protein) and SOD activity (7.56 units/ mg
protein as compared to 13.97 of control).
Conclusions: The results indicate that the flavanoids fraction of D.
gangeticum possess anti-oxidant properties in diabetic conditions.
RANDOX LECTURE
ANTIOXIDANTS THE FUTURE IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Roisin M. Molloy BSc, PhD
Randox, UK
Antioxidant and free radical involvement in disease processes have been
documented in the literature for many years. Antioxidant measurement
methods however have not progressed and arc seen as a research tool in
development laboratories with restricted sample throughput due to
laborious preparation and processing of patient samples. Some
laboratories utilise in-house methods of measurement for many markers,
which lack standardisation and present conflicting results in
collaborative studies involving different laboratories.
Antioxidant markers arc now available for use on high throughput,
automated, clinical chemistry analysers, complete with standardised
controls and calibrator samples. Excellent assay precision,
standardisation, minimal sample volumes and preparation and ease of
use, are just some advantages of automated antioxidant testing.
Therapeutic potential of the numerous antioxidant markers in disease
processes will only be recognised with large scale clinical studies in
different sample groups. These comprehensive clinical studies require
analysis of large sample numbers for a broad range of markers to
elucidate the relationship and effectiveness of antioxidant markers both
separately and in combination.
This paper presents results that demonstrate the clinical utility of
antioxidant marker and introduces the practical implications of utilising
automated analysis over the more conventional manual and in-house
methods.
OL-33
EFFECT OF DESMODIUM GANGETICUMON ANTIOXIDANT
ENZYMES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN -INDUCED DIABETIC
RATS
R. Govindarajan, M. Vijayakumar, Ch. V. Rao, A.K.S. Rawat and P.
Pushpangadan
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical
Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001
Introduction: The elevated levels of blood glucose in diabetes produces
oxygen free radicals, which cause membrane damage due to
peroxidation of membrane damage due to peroxidation of membrane
lipids and protein glycation. Dcsmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (Family
Leguminaccae) has been used in Indian system of medicine as a bitter
tonic, febrifuge, digestive and in treatment of various other
OL-32
SPIRULIN/k PREVENTS DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED FREE
RADICAL RELEASE AND APOPTOSIS IN
CARDIOMYOCYTES IN VITRO
M Khan u, V.K, Kutala IJ, S.Varadharaj1, J.C.Shobha2, M.U.R.Naidu2,
P.Kuppusamy1
'Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, ‘Nizam's Institute of
Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India.
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly potent antineoplastic agent, but its use is
limited by the risk of developing cardiomyopathy. Redox activation of
DOX to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis has been
implicated in DOX-induccd cardiotoxicity. In our recent study, we have
demonstrated that Spirulina, blue - green algae containing antioxidants
protected the mice against DOX-induccd cardiotoxicity. In this study, we
investigated the effect of Spirulina and C-phycocyanin, one of the main
constituent of Spirulina, against DOX -induced ROS generation and
apoptosis in isolated rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. Cardiomyocyics were
pretreated with Spirulina (50 pg/ml) and C-phycocyanin (25 pM) for 1 h
followed by DOX (10 pM) and incubated for 24 h. The ROS generation
in cardiomyocytes was evaluated by dicholorofluorescein (DCF),
hydrocthidine (HE) and cell death by measuring LDH in the cell culture
supernatant. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring annexin VFITC/propidium iodide double staining using flow cytometry, DNA
laddering by gel electrophoresis and caspase-3 activity by
spectrophotometric assay. Treatment with the DOX produced significant
loss in cell viability,
and apoptosis, indicated by the presence of
increase in the fraction of annexin-V-FITC positive fluorescent cells.
The DOX-induced increase in ROS was reduced to control levels in cells
treated with Spirulina and C-phycocyanin. Pretreatment with Spirulina
and C-phycocyanin reduced the number of positive fluorescent cells.
Doxorubicin-induced DNA fragmentation to a clear ladder pattern,
while Spirulina and C-phycocyanin prevented DNA fragmentation.
Caspase-3 activity was significantly increased with DOX whereas
Spirulina and C-phycocyanin inhibited the caspasc-3 activation. Our
results suggest that C-phycocyanin, a potent free radical scavenger
protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing ROS and
apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
OL-34
See P-154
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Posters Programme
POSTER:
Date:
Time:
' enuc:
SESSION I Symposia Ito 6
10™ JANUARY 2005
1430-1600 H
Cardinal Gracias Hall, Ground Floor St. John's Medical, College Robert Koch Bhavan
T0PIC: FREE RADICALSANDANTIOXIDANTS IN MOLECULARMED1C1NE
Pl
OFR-MODIFIED NUCLEOSOME: ANEO-ANTIGEN FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Farah Mansoor and Rashid Ali
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,A.M.U., Aligarh 202 002
P2
/A' VITRO AND IN VIVO PROTECTION BY T. CHEBULA FROM GAMMA-RADIATION INDUCED
DNAAND MEMBRANE DAMAGES
N. M. Gandhi, S. Vetrivel and C. K. K. Nair
Radiation Biology and health sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Trombay, Mumbai 400 085 India
P3
SCID-A SMOKE CONDENSATE INDUCED NOVEL DNA DAMAGING FACTOR FROM HUMAN
LYMPHOCYTES
L. Srinivas. R.P.Rao
Adichunchanagiri Biotechnology and Cancer Research Institute, B.G.Nagara-571 448, India.
P4
STUDIES ON ALACHLOR MODIFIED PLASMID DNA
Suraiva Jabeen and KliursheedAlam
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,
M.U.,Aligarh 202002
A.
TOPIC: CADIOVASCULARDISEASES
P5
EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ADMINISTRATION IN POST-REPERFUSED PATIENTS OF
M YOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
P. Bhakuni, M. Chandra*. M.K.. Misra
Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow
* Department of Medicine, KG Medical University, Lucknow, India.)
P6
EFFECT OF SPERMACOCE HISPIDA LINN. (SEED EXTRACT) ON REDOX STATUS IN
HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS
K.Kaviarasan, M.M.Arjunan, K. V. Pugalendi*
Siddha Division, Govt. Kamaraj Hospital, Chidambaram.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,
Annamalai University,Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
P7
ENHANCED OXIDATION OFLDLINHYPERCHOLESTEROLEM1AAND ITS REVERSAL
BYASCORBICACIDASAHYPOTHESISOFPREVENTINGATHEROSCLEROSIS
S. Das. A.Manocha, Snehlata, N.Das and L.M.Srivastava
Department of Biochemistry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.,
India
P8
STATUS OF SOME FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ENZYMES IN BLOOD OF THE PATIENTS
REPERFUSEDAFTERMYOCARDIAL1NFARCTION.
V. K. Dwivedi, M. Chandra, P.C. Misraand M.K. Misra
Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow Department of Medicine, K.G's Medical University,
Lucknow, India.
WANTS - DESTINATION
P9
SPIRULINA PREVENTS DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED FREE RADICAL RELEASE AND APOPTOSIS
IN CARDIOMYOCYTES IN VITRO
M Khan V.K. KutalaS.Varadharaj', J.C.Shobha2, M.U.R.Naidu2, P.Kuppusamy'
‘Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, “Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
PIO
CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF S-ALLYL CYSTEINE ON ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS
M. Padmanabhan and P. Stanely Mainzen Prince
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
PH
EFFECT OF BALSAMODENDRON MUKUL ON THE OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN
HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
J. Panneerselvam',G. Sambandam 2, N. Nalini1
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, lndia.2Professor Maniarasan Memorial
Polyclinic, Chidambaram, India.
P12
REDOX STATUSAND GLYCOPROTEIN COMPONENTS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS TREATED
WITH MELOTHRIA MADERASPATANA LEAF EXTRACT
Raja, M.M.Arjunan, K.V. Pugalendi
B.
Siddha Division, Govt. Kamaraj Hospital, Chidambaram. Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University
P13
EFFECT OF AEGLE MARMELOS ON LIPID PEROXIDES AND LIPIDS ON ISOPROTERENOLINDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS
M.Rajaduraiand P. Stanely Mainzen Prince
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
P14
LIPID PEROXIDATION & GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM IN CARDIAC DISEASES
Rajni R. Shivnaniand VijayaA. Haldankar
Dept, of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College & Research Centre, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai
Professor & Head Dept, of Biochemistry, T.N. Medical College& B.Y.L.NairCh. Hospital, Mumbai 400008
PIS
EFFECT OF VITAMIN E ON HUMAN BLOOD XANTHINE OXIDASE IN ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIAL
DISORDERS.
Rashmi Raghuvanshi, M. Chandra, P.C. Misraand M.K. Misra
Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow and Department of Medicine, K.G's Medical
University, Lucknow, India.
Pl 6
EFFECT OF ATORVASTATIN ON OXIDATIVE STRESS.
V. Save*, G Rajadhykshya**, N Patil*
* Department of Biochemistry, ** Department of Medicine,
T.M.Medical College, Sion, Mumbai
L.
P17
HOMOCYSTEINE AND OXIDATIVE STATUS IN ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
AS Yadav, V R Bhagwat, I. M. Rathod Department of Biochemistry, M. I. .M. S. R. Medical College,
Latur-413531 Maharashtra-INDIA
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN DIABETES MELL1TUS
P18
ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF PTEROSTILBENE ON STREPTOZOTOCIN
INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
M. Amarnath Sathecsh and L.Pari
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
PI9
P20
ANTIOXIDATIVE AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF INDIAN HERBAL PREPARATIONS
STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Anu Chandra, Abbas Ali Mahdi and R.K.Singh
Department of Biochemistry,KingGeorge's Medical University, Luknow
(U.P)226 003, INDIA
EFFECT OF DESMODIUM GANGETICUM ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
R.Govindarajan. M. Vijayakumar, Ch. V. Rao, A.K.S. Rawatand P. Pushpangadan
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001
P21
OXIDATIVE PROTEIN & LIPID DAMAGE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
K.N. Kalaivanam*, M. Dharmalingam#, S.R. Marcus*
Depts of Biochemistry* and Endocrinology#, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, 560 054, India
P22
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF CRATEVA NURVALA BUCH.
IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DI ABTES IN RATS
A. Kasliwal, N. Raut, N. Gaikwad
Dept, of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NagpurUniversity, Nagpur
P23
ANTIOXIDANTS ROLE INTHECONTROLOFINTYPEII DIABETES MELLITU
E.P. Kumar*,Senthil. R, Girish S. Parhate, B.Suresh.
JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty.
P24
LEVEL OF INCREASED METHYL GLYOXAL AND REDUCED ANTI OXIDANT STATUS ARE THE
INDICATIONSOFSEVERITYOFCOMPLICATIONS IN DIABETES MELLITUS.
S. Mukhopadhyay', M Das, M Kar', A K Ghosh
Department of Biochemistry, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 700014, W B, India
P25
IMPACT OF UMBELLIFERONE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PLASMA AND LIVER OF
STREPTOZOTOCIN DIABETIC RATS
B. Rameshand K.V. Pugalendi
Department ofBiochemistry,Annamalai University,Annamalainagar 608 002,Tamilnadu, India.
P26
POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND NITRIC OXIDE END PRODUCTS IN TYPE 2
DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH MACROANGIOPATHY
Ritu Saxena, JK Gambhir, *SV Madhu, Rimi Shukla, KM Prabhu
Departments of Biochemistry and *Medicine; Univ College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Shahdara,
Delhi-110095
P27
EVELOPMENTOFANOVELMODELFORSCREENINGANTIDIABETICACTIVITY BY INDUCING
HYPERGLYCEMIA WITH PYROGALLOL, A PROOXIDANT
A, There, Y. Mundhada, M. Wanjari, P. Dixit, S. Umathe.
Dept, of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagpur University, Nagpur.
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN LIVER DISEASES
P28
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VEDIC GUARD IN ANTI-TUBERCULAR DRUGS INDUCED
HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
RemaRazdan, Amar dev
Department of Pharmacology, V.I.P.S Bangalore-560004
uy
y^syyywyoyyny\
P29
ALTERATION OF LIVER LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES i
EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES: ROLEOF N-BENZOYL-D-PHENYLALANINEAND METFORMIN
N.Ashok Kumar and L.Pari
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
P30
OXIDATIVE STRESS DURING LIVER CIRRHOSIS RESULTS IN MODIFICATION OF METAL
BINDING CAPACITY OFSERUM ALBUMIN
Anup Ramachandran, Jayasree Basivi Reddy, C.E. Eapen & K.A. Balasubramanian
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Department of Gastrointestinal sciences
P3I
EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT (L-ASCORBIC ACID) ON NICKEL INDUCED ALTERATION OF
NUCLEIC ACID CONCENTRATION IN RATS.
Nazmun L, RaisaNK, Swastika Das*, AM Patil**, SADhundasi. KK Das
Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology**,Al Ameen Medical College ,Bijapur-586108 .Department
ofChcmistry*.BLDEA's College of Engineering, Bijapur-586103, India.
P32
HEPATOPROTECTIVEACTIVITYOFARIELROOTSOFFICUSBENGALENSIS
V.RMallunvar.A.K. Pathak
Department of Pharmacy, Barkatullla University, Bopal. M.P. 462026
P33
INFLUENCE OF DI ALLYL DISULFIDE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN N- NITROSODIETHYLAMINE
INDUCED HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
T. Manivasagam and P. Subramanian
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
P34
DIALLYL TETRASULPHIDE ATTENUATES CADMIUM INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN RAT
LIVER
P.Murugavel and L. Pari
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai Universuty.Annamalinagar
P35
ANTIOXIDANTANDHEPATOPROTECTIVEACTIVITYOFARJUNOLICACID
Prabu Daniel l.Anbalagan.N 1., Moni Mallika2, Balakrishna K3.
1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L.Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai.
2 Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed University),
Chennai.
3 Department of Phytochemistry, Captain Srinivasamurty Research Institute for Siddha, Arumbakkam, Chennai.
P36
FREE RADICALSCAVENG1NGAND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF BORRER1A HISPIDA
Prabu Daniel l.Anbalagan.N 1., Moni Mallika2, Balakrishna K 3.
1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L.Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai.
2 Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed University),
Chennai.
3 Department of Phytochemistry, Captain Srinivasamurty Research Institute for Siddha, Arumbakkam, Chennai.
P37
INFLUENCE OF A NOVELSYNTHETIC CURCUMINO1D ON FIBROTIC MARKERS IN ALCOHOL
AND PUFA INDUCED TOXICITY.
R. Rukkumani and Venugopal P. Menon
DepartmentofBiochemistry, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
P38
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN EXPERIMENTAL LIVER MICROVESICULAR STEATOSISMITOCHONDRIAAND PEROXISOMES
N. Sathish kumar, C.E. Eapen, Anna B. Pullimood
and Kunissery.. A.Balasubramanian
WellcomeTrust Research Laboratory, Department
of Gastrointestinal sciences
OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
ROI F OF
3
J
P39
ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GLYCYNHIZA GLABRA LINN, ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
INDUCED HEPATO-TOXICITYIN RAT
K.Shaheena.ZiyannahmanAR MI-1 Dchghan
M.E.S. Society's Allana College of Pharmacy, Pune 411001
P40
HEPATOPROTECTIVEAND ANTI-OXIDANT
POTENTIALOFVENTILAGO MADRASPATANAROOT BARK EXTRACTS IN RATS
Shanmuganathan.K. Raju Ilavarasan S.Venkataraman, Prabu Daniel.E, K.Sujith, Chandra Mohan.P
L.Baid Metha College OF Pharmacy, Chennai-965
C.
P41
FERULIC ACID, A NATURAL PROTECTOR AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED
LIVERTOXICITY
M. Srinivasan and Venugopal P. Menon
DepartmentofBiochemistry,Annamalai University,AnnamalaiNagar-608002,Tamilnadu, India
P42
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF LUPEOLAND ITS ESTER DERIVATIVE ON EXPERIMENTAL
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
V. Sudhahar. S. Ashok kumar, P. Varalakshmi
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Dr. ALM. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113.
P43
ANTIINFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFICACY OF BARLERIA LUPULINA
LINDL
V.Suba, V.Ramarao, R.Kumaravelrajan
Department of Pharmacology, Vels College ofPharmacy, Chennai
P44
HEPATOPROTECTIVEANDANTITUMORACTIVITYOFSOYISOFLAVONES
Tajdar Husain Khan, Lakshmi Prasad, Tamanna Jahangir &Sarwat Sultana*
Section of Chemoprevention and Nutrition Toxicology Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology
Jamia Hamdard(Hamdard University), HamdardNagar New Delhi 110062, India.
P45
ANTIOXIDANTTOLERANCE OFLIVERAFTER CADMIUM INDUCED HEPATIC INJURIES
R.Shukla A. Sharma & M. Kumar
Cell & Molecular Bio. Lab. Department of Zoology,
P46
INFLUENCE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS-INDUCED GASTROINTESTINAL ALTERATIONS ON
PHARMACOKINETICS OF METFORMIN IN RATS
M. Wanjari, A.There,A. Joharapurkar, C. Chopde, S. Umathc.
Dept. ofPharmaccutical Sciences, Nagpur University, Nagpur.
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TOPIC: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN RENAL DISEASES
P47
LIPID AND RENAL OXIDATIVE INJURY: ROLE OF EICOSAPENTAENOATE-LIPOATE (EPA-LA)
DERIVATIVE
S. Ashok Kumar, V Sudhahar and P Varalakshmi.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600
H3
P48
NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
S. R. Meenakshi, Rajni Agarwal,
Department of Biochemistry, M.S.Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India.
M
_
2
RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
P49
PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF MENTHA PIPERITA AGAINST ARSENIC INDUCED RENAL
DAMAGES IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
♦Mukesh Kumar Sharma, Ambika Sharma and Madhu Kumar
♦Department of Zoology, S.N.K.P. Govt. (P.G.) College, Neem Ka Thana-332713, Distt-Sikar, (Rajasthan),
Department ofZoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004 (India)
P50
SSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDATIVE POTENTIAL OF TERMINALLY CHEBULA AGAINST Fe-NTA
INDUCED RENALPROLIFERATIVERESPONSEANDTOXICITY
Lakshmi Prasad, Tajdar Husain Khan, Tamanna Jahangir & Sarwat Sultana*
Section of Chemoprevention and Nutrition Toxicology Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology
Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard NagarNew Delhi 110062, India.
P51
IMPACTOFURSOLIC ACID ON ETHANOL-MEDIATED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN RAT KIDNEY
R.Saravanan, K.V.Pugalendi
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu,
India
P52
ROLE OF METHYL GLYOXAL IN ASSOCIATION WITH FREE RADICAL DAMAGE AND
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN UREMIA.
S. Mukhopadhyay '.S.Sen, M kar',A KGhosh
Department of Biochemistry, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 700014,
WB, India
P53
RENAL OXIDATIVE STRESS BY PULCHALANCEOLATAfRASNA)
Tamanna Jahangir, Tadjar Hussan Khan, Lakshmi Prasad & Sarwat Sultana
Section of Chemoprevention and Nutrition Toxicology, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology
Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
P54
PROTEIN THIOLS AND FREE IRON IN UREMIA
S. Upadhya, M. Prakash
Department ofBiochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS AND ANTI OXIDANTS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
P55
EFFECT OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 (COX-2) ON RESTRAINT STRESS INDUCED ALTERATIONS
IN DIFFERENT BEHAVIORALAND BIOCHEMICALPARAMETERS
AshishDhir, Pattipati S Naidu and S.K Kulkami
Pharmacology Division
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
P56
BRAIN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN ACUTE TREATMENT OF 3NITROPROPIONIC ACID-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY AS AN ANIMAL MODEL OF
HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE
PK. Bansal, N. Sehgal, SSV. Padi, SN. Pattipati, A. Kumar
Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014,
India
P57
OXIDATIVE STRESS, VITAMIN E, ASCORBIC ACID AND REDUCED GLUTATHIONE STATUS IN
SCHIZOPHRENICS
Gora Dadheech. Sandhva Mishra, Praveen Sharma & Shiv Gautam*
Department ofBiochemistry and Department of Psychiatry*
S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan
P58
ROLEOFHOMOCYSTEINEINAETIOPATHOGENESIS ANDCONTROLOFEPILEPSY
S.K.Handa, S. Prabhakar, S. Majumdar
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
P59
Department of Neurology and Experimental Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
PROANTHOCYANIDIN SUPPLEMENTATION MODULATES CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM IN ADULT
RAT BRAIN
Jolitha,A.B and Asha Devi, S
Lab.Gerontology, Department ofZoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056, India
P60
DOES REM SLEEPDEPRIVATION RESULTIN OXIDATIVE STRESS?
C, Mathangi,
D.
Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600 116
India
P61
POSSIBLE ROLE OF FREE RADICALS IN A MODEL OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS WITH
CHRONIC CONSTRICTION NERVE INJURY
S.S.V.Padi, SK. Kulkami
Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pha
P62
NICOTINE OXIDATIVEAND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES INCNS
Prabu Daniel.E*, Stiba. V, Kumaravelrajen.R
*C.L.Baid Metha College Of Pharmacy, Chennai-96
Vels College Of Pharmacy, Chennai
P63
ROLE OFNITRIC OXIDE INTHE EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Sarika Singh and M. Dikshit
Central Drug Research Institute
P64
EFFECT OF CARVEDILOL ON OXIDATIVE STRESS-RELATED NEUROTOXICITY AND
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN ARATMODELOFHUNTINGTON'S DISEASE
N. Sehgal, PK. Bansal, SSV. Padi, A. Kumar, SN. Pattipati
Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh
160014, India.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
POSTER:
Date:
Time:
Venue:
SESSION II Symposia 7 to 15
11™ JANUARY 2005
1430-1600H
Cardinal Gracias Hall, Ground Floor St. John's Medical, College Robert Koch Bhavan
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN CANCER
P65
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF Semecarpus anacardium LINN NUT EXTRACT ON MITOCHONDRIAL
TCA CYCLE AND RESPIRATORY CHAIN ENZYMES
IN MAMMARYCARCINOMARATS
Arathi AND P. Sachdanandam
G.
Dr. A.L.Mudaliar post Graduate Institute Of Basic MedicaL Sciences, Department Of Medical Biochemistry,
University OF MadraS, Taramani campus, Chennai- 600113. India
P66
REGULATORY ROLE OF ROS AND RNS IN EXPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR API IN
BREAST CANCER
J. Bhattacharjee and M.L. Sherpa
Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi.
P67
LIPID PEROXIDATION IN CANCER
Javapraksh Babu N, Ratnakumar C H and V Sriramulu
Department of Biochemistry, Rangaraya Medical College Kakinada 533008
P68
CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECT OF GINGER ON CIRCULATORY LIPID PEROXIDATION AND
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN 1,2-DIMETHYL HYDRAZINE INDUCED COLON CANCER.
Manju.Vand Nalini N
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamali nagar Tamil Nadu India.
P69
SERUM GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE IN ORAL CANCER
K. Prabhu,GBhat and D.M. Vasudevan
Dept of Biochemistry Kasturba Medical College Manipal 576104, Amritha Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin
682026
P70
ACTIVITIES OF ENZYMES OF RESPIRATORY BURST IN THE NEUTROPHILS FROM
CANCER PATIENTS SUBJECTED TO RADIOTHERAPY
Reshma K, A. V.Rao, Vasudevan D.M.,
Department of Biochemistry
Centre for Basic Sciences
Kasturba Medical College
Mangalore
P71
MODULATORY EFFECT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA ON GLYCOPROTEIN LEVELS ON
D1ETHYLNIROSAMINE INDUCED LIVER CANCER IN RATS
S.Sivalokanathan, M.Ilayarajaand M.P.Balasubramanian
Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology,
Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai-600 113, India.
P72
MODULATORY EFFECT OF RESVERATROL ON COLONIC MUCOSAL LIPID PEROXIDATION
AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN 1,2-DlMETHYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED COLON
CARCINOGENESIS
M. Sengottuvelan and N. Nalini
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, India.
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ORAL
P73
LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH PAPI LLARY THYROID
CARCINOMA
N. Senthil, S. Manoharan
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,
Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002.
P74
CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFICACY OF MENTHOL
Shalini Shukla, Priti Saraswat and Ashok Kumar
Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory,
Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004.. India
P75
ETIOLOGY, PREVENTION AND CLINICAL TREATMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER IN
RAJASTHAN
N.Sharnta, A. Kumar, and A. Bhargav,
Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur
P76
BERBERINE CHLORIDE ENHANCES RADIATION RESPONSE IN MICE BEARING EHRLICH
ASCITES CARCINOMA
Shaival Kamalaksha Rao and Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
P77
EFFECT OF GALLIUM NITRATE ON TAMOXIFEN TREATED BREAST CANCER RELATED
HYPERCALCEMIA WITH REFERENCE TO CALCIUMANDMAGNESIUM IN RATS
D.Sugapriya, P. Sachdanandam and P. Shanthi
Dr. A.L.Mudaliar Post- Graduate
Institute Of Basic Medical Sciences,
University Of Madras, Taramani Campus,
Chennai-600113. India
P78
EFFECT OF KALPAAMRUTHAA ON LIPID PEROXIDATION
AND ENZYMIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN
DMBA INDUCED MAMMARY CARCINOMA
K.Veena and P. Sachdanandam
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Dr.A.L.Mudaliar Post-Graduate institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai-600113, India.
TOPIC: FREE RADICAL AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
P79
MEASUREMENTAND SIGNIFICANCE OF3-NITROTYROSINEINSLE PATIENTS
FoziaKhan and Rashid Ali
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A. M.U., Aligarh 202 002
P80
EFFECT OF VITAMIN C ON ANTIOXIDANTS IN PULMONARYTUBERCULOSIS
S.Garg.H. C. Mehta, K. B. Gupta
Department Of Biochemistry, PGIMS, Rohtak, India
P81
ROLE OF FLAVONOIDS IN THE ALLEVIATION OF ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH VISCERAL
LEISHMANIASIS
Gargi Sen,Tuli Biswas
Department Of Physiology, Indian Institute Of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700032
P82
ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN LEPROSY.
S.Girish P.Bulakh R.Melinkeri
Ph.D.Student,Ex-Professor & Head .Professor & Head
Department of Biochemistry, B. J. Medical College, Pune.
nau.
antaacammts des iiaatkjn oja
I
P83
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
PULMONARYTUBERCULOSIS
M.Shelgaonkar.l Dr. R. Munie.2 Dr.S.Shelgaonkar3,Dr.S.Umathe4
1. Institute of Diploma in Pharmacy, Nagpur, 2. Govt.Medical College, Yavatmal, 3. Govt.Medical College,
Nagpur. 4. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagpur
P84
ELEVATION OF METHYL GLYOXAL IN ASSOCIATION WITH FREE RADICAL MEDIATED
DAMAGE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
S. Mukhopadhyay1.B. Majhi, S. Sen, M. Kar', A. K. Ghosh..
P85
TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS EXPRESSING HIGH LEVELS OF ANTI-INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE
SYNTHASE (INOS) ACTIVITY EXHIBITED CIRCULATING MYCOBACTERIUM ANTIGEN 85B
COUPLED TO IGG IN SERUM
Najmul Islam. Manish Kumar Varshney and Jawed Iqbal
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A. M.U., Aligarh 202 002
Department of Biochemistry, Nilratan Sircar Medical Col lege and Hospital, Kolkata 700014,
W B, India
P86
COMPARITIVESTUDYOFVITAMIN E,AAND C LEVELS IN LEPROSYSUBTYPES
C.V. B. Prasad. M.V.Kodliwadmath
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum-590010, Karnataka, INDIA.
P87
ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION ANDCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
P.R.Usha. MUR Naidu,
Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad.
P88
PEROXYNITRITE INDUCED MODIFICATION OF HUMAN DNA: IMPLICATIONS IN
ETIOPATHOGENESISOFSLE
Safia Habib, Moinuddin, Rashid Ali
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh (INDIA)
P89
OXIDATIVESTRESS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
S.Singh, Z. Ali, S.K. Tiwari
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
TOPIC: FREE RADICALSAND ANTIOXIDANTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
P90
OXIDATIVE STREE IN COPD- IS CHULLA SMOKE MORE DANGEROUS THAN TOBACCO
SMOKE?
J. Bardapurkar, D. Bokankar, S. Javed, S. Bardapurkar, V. Patil.
Biochemistry department, Government Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharastra, India.
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN FOOD SCIENCES
P91
NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION IN REDUCING THE ALTERATIONS IN ANTIOXIDANT
ENZYMES CAUSED BY LEAD
Herman Sunil D'souza, Geraldine Menezes, VenkateshT.
National Referral Center for Lead Poisoning in India
Department of Biochemistry, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
P92
ANTI-RADICALACT1VITYOFTEA POLYPHENOLS
S. Mahal. S. Kapoor, G.B. Maru* T. Mukherjee
H.
Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai- 400 085. and
Tobacco Carcinogenesis Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education
AbHIOXSANTS - I
P93
FREE RADICAL REACTIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SESAMOL: PULSE
RADIOLYTICAND BIOCHEMICALSTUDIES
Ravi Joshi, M. Sudheer Kumar2, M. K. Unnikrisnan2 and T. Mukherjee'
Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085,
INDIA.
College ofPharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal 576119, INDIA.
P94
FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND RADIATION PROTECTION BY TOCOPHEROL
MONOGLUCOSIDE
VSalvi and C KK Nair
Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085,
India
P95
ROLEOFANTIOXIDANTSINTHETREATMENTOF
IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA
Rukhsana Ab. Rub, Ziyaurrchnian, Rashmi Tambe.
M.C.E. Society's Al lana College of Pharmacy, Pune 1.
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND INFERTILITY
P96
SIGNIFICANCE OF CHANGES IN LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AFTER
SUPPLEMENTATION OFVITAMIN-EAND C IN WOMEN AT RISK OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA.
S.B.Patil, M.V.Kodliwadmath*, Sheela M.Kodliwadmath**.
Research fellow, Dept, of Biochemistry*, Dept. ofOBG**
J.N.Medical College, Belgaum. 590010. Karnataka.
P97
FREE RADICALS MEDIATED TESTICULAR LESIONS BY CADMIUM CHLORIDE AND
MODULATION BY PANAX GINSENG
S. Sharma, M. Shanna & M. Kumar
Cell & Molecular Bio. Lab. Department ofZoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
P98
MALONDIALDEHYDE FOR PREDICTION OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA
P.C.Sindu, K. Parvathi, Saboora Bccgum
Department of Biochemistry, Govt.Medical College, Calicut.
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS ANDANT1OX1DANTS IN DENTISTRY
P99
LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANTS STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS
K.Panjamurthyl, S. Manoharan 1, C.R. Ramachandran2
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002. India.
2Dean. Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002. India.
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN TOXICOLOGY
P100
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AGAINST NICOTINE-INDUCED PULMONARY
FIBROSIS IN WISTARRATS.
C, Kalpana and Venugopal P. Menon
Annamalai University,AnnamalaiNagar-608 002,Tamilnadu, India.
P101
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AND ITS ANALOG IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
N. Kamalakkannan and Venugopal P. Menon
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Pl02
IRON AND ZINC INTERACTIONS AT THE SITE OF ABSORPTION IN RATS: RELEVANCE TO
INTESTINAL PEROXIDATIVE DAMAGE
K. Madhavan Nair and B. Sreedhar
Biophysics Division, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR),
Jamai -Osmania, Hyderabad, India 500007
P103
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF FERULIC ACID AGAINST NICOTINE INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS
IN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE (BAL)
A. Ram Sudhecrand Dr. Venugopal P. Menon
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
P104
EFFECT OF LUPEOL AND ITS ESTER ON CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED LIPEMICOXIDATIVE STRESS
P. T. Sudharsan, Y. Mythili, P. Varalakshmi.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PG1BMS, University of Madras, Chennai 113, India.
P105
ALCOHOL AND THERMALLY OXIDIZED PUFA INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS: ROLE OF NACETYL CYSTEINE
P. Suresh Varma and Venugopal P. Menon
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar-608 002,Tamilnadu, India.
P106
OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARACTION AND REPERFUSION
RSood. RAbraham, UArora, RCalton
Department of Biochemistry, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana,
Department of Biochemistry and Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana.
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS ANDANTIOXIDANTS IN AGEING
P107
AGE RELATED CAHNGES IN LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN ELDERLY
PEOPLE.
Akila, V Prashanth, H Harish Chandra, V D'Souza, and B D'Souza Department of Biochemistry KMC Mangalore
India
P108
FREE RADICALSANDANTIOXIDANTS IN AGEING
Satish Balasaheb Nimse*, Dilipkumar Pal**
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Seemanta Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharpokharia, Mayurbhanj - 757086, Orissa, India.
TOPIC: FREERADICALSANDANTIOXIDANTS IN RADIATION BIOLOGY
P109
RADIATION-AND FREE RADICAL-EXPOSURE AND REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY
HEME REGULATED EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR 2 KINASE
AbhiieetP. Kulkarni'. T. P.A. Devasagayam2 and Jayanta K. Pal1*
'Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune 411 007 and 2Radiation Biology and Health Sciences
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, M umbai 400 085
P110
RAD1AT1ON-AND FREE RADICAL-EXPOSURE AND REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY
HEME REGULATED EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR 2 KINASE
RADIOPROTECTION OFSWISS ALBINO MOUSE BYTINOSPORA CORD1FOLIA
Jaimala and S. Pahadiya
Dept, ofZoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004.
- TV /.a:--:
Pill
TREATMENT OF ASCORBIC ACID IMPROVES HEALING OF EXCISION WOUNDS IN MICE
EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT DOSES OF 7-RADIATION
K. V. N.Mallikarjun Rao, GaneshChandra Jagetiaand RajanikantG. K
Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576 104.
P112
RADIO-PROTECTION OF DNA BY FERULIC ACID
DKMaurva, V Salvi and CKK Nair
Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085,
India.
Pl 13
A NOVEL METHOD OF TESTING RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF OCIMUM SANCTUM IN
PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMI BODY IRRADIATION (HBI).
Prasad D.Ghadge M, Sarin R, RasteA, ctal.Tata Memorial Hospital.
Pl 14
RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OFSESAMOLON 7-RADIATION INDUCED CELLULAR CHANGES
IN CULTURED HUMAN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
N. Ra jendra Prasad. Venugopal P. Menon and K. V. Pugalendi
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, India.
P115
RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SPINACIA OLERACEA ON BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY IN
BRAIN OFSWISS ALBINO MICE AFTER GAMMA EXPOSURE
Rajesh KuniarVerma*, Dhankesh Meena, R. Sisodia and A. L. Bhatia
Department ofZoology, Univ, of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) 302004
Pl 16
RAD1OMODULATORY INFLUENCE OF NUTMEG (MYRISTICA ERAGRANS) EXTRACT IN SWISS
ALBINO MICE AFTER WHOLE BODY EXPOSURE TO GAMMA RADIATION
M. Sharma, S. Sharma & M. Kumar
Cell & Molecular Bio. Lab. Department ofZoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
P117
RADIO PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ACETONE EXTRACT OF CENTELLA ASIATICA AGAINST
GAMMA RADIATION INDUCED LESION IN PERIPHERALBLOOD OFMICE'
R. Sharma, Jaimala
Department ofZoology, University of Rajastan, Jaipur 302004 India
P118
MODULATION OF RADIATION INDUCED ALTERATION IN THE ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF
MICE BYNARINGIN.
D.Subba Reddy, Tiyyagura Koti Reddy and Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576 104.
Pl 19
ELISA TO MONITOR AMPLIFIED HAEMOLYSIS BY THE COMBINED ACTION OF OSMOTIC STRESS AND
RADIATION: APPLICATION IN MONITORING RADIO PROTECTORAND MEMBRANESTABILIZERS.
Saurabh Chatterjee, Sudha Premachandran, R S Bhagcwadikar and T B Poduval.
Immunology and Hypothermia section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division. Baba Atomic Research Centre
Trombay, Mumbai 400085 India.
OL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
POSTER:
Date:
Time:
Venue:
SESSION III Symposia 16-20 and Freeposterprescntation
12™ JANUARY 2005
1430-1600 H
Cardinal Gracias Hall, Ground Floor St. John's Medical, College Robert Koch Bhavan
TOPIC: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN APOPTOSIS
P120
INHIBITION OF CELL PROLIFERATION AND INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS BY GENISTEIN IN
EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Dechen Chodon and D Sakthisekaran
Department of Medical Biochemistry
Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India
P121
ANTIOXIDANT AND IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES OF CHLOROPHYLLIN IN VITRO
AND IN VIVO
D, Sharma, S. Santosh Kumar, B. Shankar and K. B. Sainis
Bioscience Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India
TOPIC: NITRIC OXIDE
P122
ALTERATIONS OF ARGINASE ACTIVITY IN SWISS MICE AS A RESPONSE TO WHOLE BODY
HYPERTHERMIA (WBH)
R. S. Bagewadikar, Saurabh Chatterjee, Sudha Premachandran, and T.B.Poduval
Immunology and Hyperthermia Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India.
PI23
IRRADIATION INDUCED NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION, iNOS ACTIVATION AND INHIBITION
BY CURCUMIN AND NICOTINAMIDE.
H. Narang and M. Krishna
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, B.A.R.C, Mumbai, India
P124
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DERIVATIVES OF GALLIC
ACID
Natrajan Ramalakshmi, Thiyagarajan Saraswathyl, Subramani Arun kumar2
1 .Depar tment of pharmaceutical chemistry. C.L.Baid Metha college of Pharmacy.
2.Department of pharmaceutical chemistry S.R.M college of pharmacy.
TOPIC: RECENT ADVANCES IN MARKERS IN OXIDATIVE STRESS
P125
GLUTATHIONE REDOX PARADIGM IN BLOOD, A BIOMARKER OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN
EPIDEMIC DROPSY PATIENTS
Kishore Babu, Subhash K.Khanna, Mukul Das
Food Toxicology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre,
Lucknow-226 001, INDIA
TOPIC: USE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS IN HUMAN HEALTH
P126
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ARSENIC
INDUCED MICRONUCLEI FORMATION IN MOUSE BONE MARROW
Ambika Sharma, Mukesh Kumar Sharma and Madhu Kumar
Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
P127
KINETICS OF OXIDATION OF CURCUMIN BY T-BUTOXYL RADICALS IN
WATERACETONITRILE MEDIUM.
L.Charitha and M.Adinarayana
Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007
Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004 (INDIA)
PI28
QUERCETIN A BIOFLAVONOID, ATTENUATES LIPOSACCHARIDES INDUCED
HEPATOTOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT LIVER
Gaganjit Kaur. Sangeeta Pilkhwal, Naveen Tirkey, Anurag Kuhad and Kanwaljit Chopra
Pharmacology division. University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh160014, India
P129
INFLUENCE OF Terminalia bellarica ON THE RESPONSE OFSaccharomycescerevisiae
R. Gangabhagirathi' GH.Naik2 K.I.Priyadarshini2 Hari Mohan2and K.P.Mishra1
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, :Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division,
BARC.Trombay, India-400085.
P130
ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXRACTS OF BALIOSPERMUM MONTATUM
R.Havarasan,Govindaraian.S,K.rishnakumar.E, Babu.R, Prabhu.K, Surender Raj, Vcnkatarghavan
C.L.BAIDMETHACOLLEGE OF PHARMACY, CHENNAI-96
P131
IN VITRO INHIBITION OFLIPID PEROXIDATION IN FISH BY TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA)
Hilda Priva D'Souza, HR Prabhu
Centre for Basic Sciences, Bejai Mangalore-4
P132
ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POLYPHENOLICS ENRICHED ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF
POLYGALA CHINENSISLINN.
A.Elavaraja, S.Ramasamy, S.Jasmine, S.K.Singh & R.S.Srivastava
Department of Pharmaceutics, I.T..B.H.U., Varanasi-221005
P133
FREE RADICAL- INDUCED MEMBRANE DAMAGE AN ANTIOXIDATIVE/RADIOPROTECTIVE
ROLEOFHERBALPRODUCTS
J.P.Kamat and K.P.Mishra
Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085
P134
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME COMMON PLANTS OF MEDICINAL VALUE :
A COMPARATIVE STUDY
S.Mukhopadhyav', S. Sen, A. Ghosh, M kar', AK Ghosh
Department of Biochemistry, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 700014, W B, India
P135
ANTARTH, A POLYHERBAL PREPARATION PROTECTS AGAINST THE DOXORUBICININDUCED TOXICITY WITHOUT COMPROMISING ITS ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY
M.B.C. R. Naidu, Tiyyagura Koti Reddy and Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College,Manipal576104.
P136
CHEMOPREVENTIVE & ANTIMUTAGENIC PROPERTIES OP ACACIA NILOTICA (LINN.) ON
7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ(A) ANTHRACENE INDUCED SKIN PAPILLOMAGENESIS IN SWISS
ALBINO MICE
P.D. Meena, P. Kaushik andA. Kumar
Cancer & Radiation Biology Laboratory, Department of
Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, India
PI37
FREE RADICALSCAVENGING POTENTIALOFHELICTERESISORA.L
Padala Shanthi Sudha, Raju Ilavarasan, S.Venkatraman
C. L. Baid Metha Col lege of Pharmacy, Chennai-96
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
P138
BIOACTIVITY GUIDED FRACTINATION OF CORONOPUS DIDYMUS: A FREE RADICAL
SCAVENGING PERSPECTIVE
Prabhakar K R, Veeresh P Veerapur, Vipan Kumar, Sudheer Kumar M, Rao BSSI, Priyadarshini K and
Unnikrishnan M.K.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104.
1. Dept, of Radiobiology, KMC, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
2. Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay 400
085
P139
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA
FRUITS
T.S. Prakash Srinivasan1. S. Venkataraman2, A. Saraswathy'
' Captain Srinivasa Murti Drug Research Institute ofAyurveda, Chennai.
2 Dr. ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras of Madras, Chennai.
P140
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OFGERMINATEDFENUGREEKSEEDS
Privanjali P. Dixit1, SAROJ S. GHASKADBI1', HARI MOHAN2 and THOMAS P. A. DEVASAGAYAM1
'Department of Zoology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007; India, 2Radiation Chemistry and
Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400 085, India; ’Radiation Biology
and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400 085, India.
P141
ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES
Rajeshwari. A. .Ramakrishna. V and Rudresha B.M. , Dept of Biochemistry, AIMS, B.G.Nagara, Mandya
Dist-571 448.
P142
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF CASSIA FISTULA LINN BARK
EXTRACTS
Raju Ilavarasanl, Moni Mallika2 and Subramanian Venkataraman3
1 Department of Pharmacology, C. L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy,Chennai 2Department of Microbiology,
Sri Ramachandra
Medical College and Research Institute(Deemed University), Chennai. 3Department of Pharmacology,
Dr.A.L.Mudiliar P.G. Institute of Medical Sciences, Chennai.
P143
ANTIARTHRITIC AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF RICINUS CUMMUNIS
ROOT EXTRACT
Raju Ilavarasanl, Moni Mallika2 and Subramanian Venkataraman3
1 Department of Pharmacology. L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai
2Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed
University), Chennai. 3Department of Pharmacology, Dr.A.L.Mudiliar P.G. Institute of Medical Sciences,
Chennai.
P144
ANTIINFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFICACY OF BARLERIA
LUPUL1NA LINDL
V.Suba, V.Ramarao, R.Kumaravelrajan
Department of Pharmacology, Vels College of Pharmacy, Chennai
P145
FREERADICALQUENCHINGEFFECTOF
SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM LINN. NUT EXTRACT
AGAINST ADJUVANT ARTHRITIS.
V.R.Ramprasath and P. Sachdanandam
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Dr. A.L.Mudaliar Post-Graduate institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai-600113, India.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
PI46
ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC.), PROTECTS AGAINST
THE RADIATION-INDUCED MORTALITY
_P. Ravi Kiran. Ganesh Chandra Jagetia, Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga and Ponemone Venkatcsh
Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576 104.
PI47
HERBAL RELEIF FROM FREE RADICAL STRESS.
Rukhsana A.R .Shraddha Mudliar
MCE Society's Allana College of Pharmecy
P148
STUDY ON FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING &PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF Hybanthus enneaspermus
UPON ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES
Saurabh Gupta, M.K. Tripathy, D.K. Tripathi.y's Allana College of Pharmacy.
PI49.
A NOVEL BIOACTIVE ANTIOXIDANT MOLECULE THAT PROTECTS CELLS AGAINST
XENOBIOTIC-INDUCED CELL INJURY
Srivastava. S. Divakar* and T. Shivanandappa
Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, *Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering
Department, Central Food Technological Research,MYSORE
P150
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WHEATGRASS (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) EXTRACTS
ASAFUNCTIONOFTHEIRGROWTH
Sunil D. Kulkarni'. Jai C. Tilak2, R. Acharya’, N. S. Rajurkar1, T.P.A. Devasagayam2, A.V.R. Reddy’
'Department of Chemistry, University of Pune. Pune-411 007.
’Radiation biology and Health Science Division, ’Radiochemistry Division.itute.
P151
EFFECTOFNARINGIN ON FERRIC IRON INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN VITRO
Tiyvagura Koti Reddy and Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
P152
STUDIES ON ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF CAESALPINIA
CRISTA
M.K. Tripathya, D.K.Tripathi a, U.N. Dashb.
SJCPS, Dept of Chemistry,ITER, Bhubaneswar.Orissa, India
PI53
FREERADICALSCAVENGINGACTIVITYOFEXRACTSOFLUFFAACUTANGULA
VARAMARA
R.Ilavarasan,S.Venkatraghavan, I.Ulaganathan.Teenumarytom. A.Senthil kumar
C.L.Baid metha college o f pharmacy, Chennai-96
P154
ALTERATIONS IN THE INTESTINAL GLYCOCALYX AND BACTERIAL FLORA IN RESPONSE
TO ORALINDOMETHACIN
J Basivireddy3, M Jacob", P Ramamoorthy3 and KA Balasubramanian"
"The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Department ofGastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College,
Ida Scudder Road, Vellore - 632004, India
‘Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore - 632002, India.
P15S
LIPID PEROXIDATIONANDANTIOXIDANTSTATUS
IN SICKLE CELLANAEMIA.
J.Chaudhuri 1, P. K. Patral, S. Tripathi 1, R. Nanda2,
M. Mangaraj2, P. K. Behera3
1 Pt. J. N. M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
2S. C. B. Medical College, Cuttack, Orissa, India.
3Ex-Principal, V. S. S. Medical College, Burla, Orissa, India.
P156
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE IN NEONATES SUFFERING
FROM RESPIRATORY DISORDERS.
S.P. Dhonde, S.K .Ahaley, .P.E. Jagtap
Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical college Miraj. INDIA
P157
ANTIOXIDANTS IN NEONATALHYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
Dr.P.E.Jagtap.Dr.S .K. Ahalye, S.P.Dhondc
Department of Biochemistry,Government Medical college ,Miraj, INDIA
PI58
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE (COPD)
K. Kaur, G. Kaur, A. Vij, S. Singh, M. Kaur.
Dept, of Biochemistry & Medicine, Govt. Medical College &Rajindra Hospital, Patiala (Pb)
P159
EFFECTOFROSAND PROTEINASE INHIBITOR IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Khushtar Anwar Salman, Roshan Alam, Parul Goel and Najmul Islam
Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, A. M.U., Aligarh 202002
P160
GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE (GPx)-LIKE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ANTITHYROID
DRUGS.
G Roy and G. Mugcsh'
Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
P-161
ASTUDYONTHE ROLE OFRNI AND ROI IN SLE
Saba Khan. Nazarul Hasan, Zeeshan Fatima and Najmul Islam
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A. M.U.,
Aligarh 202 002
P-162
ANTIOXIDANTMECHANISM OFHYDROXYCINNAMICACIDS
A. Sarkar. S. Adhikari, and T. MukhcrjccRadiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamic Division,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
PI63
BINDINGOFBILIRUBINTO ERYTHROCYTES FROM CANCER PATIENTS
Shagufta Moin, Mohammad Shakil Akhtar & M.U. Siddiqui
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh 202 002
P164
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THYROTOXICOSIS
P.A.Geetha, Geetha Damodaran., K.Parvathi
Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Calicut.
P165
INFLUENCE OFBEEDI SMOKINGON LIPID PEROXIDATION STATUS
A. Jain 1, BK Agarwal2, VK Shanna3, R. Joscph4
Institute: 1,2 and4 Departmentof Medical Biochemistry, GMC. Bhopal, India
3 Department of Medicine, GMC. Bhopal, India.
P166
ANTIOXIDANTACTIVITYOFCOLEUSAROMATICUS
Subhash Chandrappa, Dr V Ramakrishna, BM Rudresha
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences
BGNagara 571448
P167
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANTSYSTEM IN CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS.
K Kaur, M M Gupta, H K Madaan, G Kaur, S K Handa, AJain.
Department of Biochcmisty and Medicine, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India.
A
ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION If
.3
P168
MELATONIN IMPROVES CIRCULATORY ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS DURING N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINEINDUCED HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN RATS
Dakshayani
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar- 608 002,Tamilnadu, India
P169
RADIO PROTECTION OFSWISSALBINO MICE BY SEED EXTRACT OF BRASSICA COMPESTRIS
(VARSARASON)
A,. K. Soni, M. Swami, R. M. Samarth, S. Qiblawi, Madhu Kumar and Ashok Kumar*
Radiation & Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology. University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004. [India]
*4
3
P170
RADIO PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF MENTHA PIPERITA LINN IN
SWISS ALBINO MICE
Anita Yadav. Pallavi Kaushik, Ravindra Samarth and Ashok Kumar
Radiation & Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department ofZoology, University of Rajasthan.
Jaipur-302 004[lndia]
P171
EVALUATION OF CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTION AND ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECT OF
THE STANDARDIZED PANAX GINSENG EXTRACT, EFLA400, IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
Meenakshi Pan war. Madhu Kumar, Ravindra Samarth, Ashok Kumar *
Radiation & Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department ofZoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004[ 1 ndia]
P172
ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HYGROPH1LA AURICULATA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED
DIABETIC RATS
M. Vijavakumar, R. Govindarajan, G. M. M. Rao, A.K.S. Rawat and P. PushpangadanPharmacognosy and
Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001
P-173
TOXICITYOFPENTACHLOROPHENOLMETABOLITESTOHEPG2 CELLS IN CULTURE
S. Levy and M. Chevion
Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Human Genetic, Hebrew University. Jerusalem, Israel.
P-174
DYSLIPIDEMIA, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN PREGNANCY INDUCED
HYPERTENSION
S. Naidu, #B.Padma, #A Reddy, #S.Sultana. *E.Radha.
Care Hospitals (earlier worked in NTMS), *NIMS, #Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad.
P-175
GINSENG EXTRACT EXHIBITS ANTIMUTAGENIC ACTIVITY AGAINST MUTAGENESIS IN VARIOUS
STRAINS OFSALMONELLATYPHLMURIUM
Thiraviam Geetha, Rohit Bhandari, Indu Pal Kaur
Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh160014, India.
P-176
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GINGER EXTRACT AND ITS FORMULATION IN OXIDATIVE STRESS
(ETHANOL)-INDUCEDGASTRICMUCOSALLESIONS IN EXPERIMENTALRATS
Indu Pal Kaur, Thiraviam Geetha, Amita Garg, Arun Mangla
Dept, of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014,
India.
P-177
EVALUATION OF ROLE OFOXIDANTS STRESS IN REHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
LekshmiGS, Parvathy K, Geetha D
Dept, of Biochemistry, SMCSI Medical College, Karakonam,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS -
095'33 p
P-178
OVEREXPRESSION OF CONNEXIN 43 ATTENUATES NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS: AN EPI PHENOMENON OF CELL DENSITY DEPENDENT ENOS
DISTRIBUTION IN ENDOTHELIALCELLS
N.P. Durga. K.P.Tamilarasan. S. Chatterjee
AU-K.BC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai
P-179
FLY ASH LEACHATE INDUCES CYTOTOXIC EFFECT IN CLUTURED HEPATOCYTES OF FRESH
WATER FISH CHANNA PUNCTATA (BLOCH) AN IN-VITRO ASSESSMENT
Mehboob Ali, SageerAKJian, Hasib-ur-Rehman & S. Raisuddin.
Ecotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Lab.. Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF Piper belie (L) ON CCI, INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AV VITRO
U. Saraswathi* and P.R. Padma6
a Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, PSG college ofArts and Science, Coimbatore 641 014, India.
b - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam Deemed University, Coimbatore 641 043,
India.
P-180
P-181
P-182
ANTI0X1 DANT STATUS OFTWO VARIETIES OK Solatium nigrum (L)
K. Kalaivani" and P.R.Padma6
a Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641 029, India.
b - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam Deemed University, Coimbatore 641 043,
India.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTOFA/onHg«o/e//i.-raON ETHANOLANDCCIJNDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS
S. Srcelatha11 and P.R.Padma6.
a Department of Biochemistry, N.S. College, Theni.
b - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology,
Coimbatore 641 043,India.
P-183
Avinashilingam Deemed University,
MOLECULAR STUDIES ON THE EFFECTOF Wilhania sonmifera USING Hep 2 CELL LINE.
S. Sumathi and P.R.Padma
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology,
Avinashilingam Deemed University, Coimbatore 641 043, India.
P-184
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED ANTIOXIDANTS IN FLOWERS AND LEAVES OF WHITE AND
VIOLET VARIETY OF Clitoria ternaleae (SANGU PUSHPAM)
Jayachitra6 and P.R.Padma6.
a Lecturer, DcpartmentofBiochcmistry, Sourashlra College, Madurai.
b - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam Deemed University, Coimbatore 641 043,
India.
P-185
PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF Artemisia vulgaris LEAVES AGAINST DNA DAMAGE INDUCED
BYOXIDANTS
IN VITRO
C.GJamunaand P.R.Padma
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam Deemed University, Coimbatore 641043, India.
P-186
EVALUATION OFTHE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF Triticum aestivum AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS
IN SELECTED IN VITRO MODELS
M.Vidya and P.R.Padma
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam Deemed University, Coimbatore 641 043,
India.
P-187
EFFECTOFTHYRO1D STATE ON HYDROPEROXIDE METABOLISING ENZYMESOFRAT
TESTES
D.K.Sahoo, A.Roy, S.Chattopadhyay and G.B.N.Chainy
Departments ofZoology and Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar,
Bhubaneswar-751 004, India.
P-188
7AT777?OANTIOXIDANTACTIVITYOFFICUSGLOMERATA
K PChannabasavaraj. S Badami, PC Jagadish and B Suresh
J S S College of pharmacy, Rock land, Ooty-643001.
P-189
MODULATION OF RADIOSENSITIVITY OF BREAST CANCER CELL LINE MCF-7 BY TOCHOPHEROL
SUCCINATE
AmitKumar, B.N. Pandey and K. P. Mishra
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085.
P-190
AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF IRRADIATED CURCUM1N AND FERULIC ACID IN EXPERIMENTAL
DIABETES
T.Balasubashini and VP. Menon,
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002. Tamilnadu, India.
P-191
ANTI-OX1DANTACTIVITYOFMURRAYAKOENIGII IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
GDavanand Reddy. R. Kartik, Ch.V. Rao, S.K.Ojha, A.K.S. Rawat and P. Pushpangadan
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001
P-192
INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN CORONARYARTERY DISEASE
S.S. Thomas‘.A. Raizada', S. Agrawal M. Bansal H.V. Singh4, R.R. Kasliwal ’, N. Trehan2
1 .Dept.of Biochemistry, Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi
2.Executive Director, Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi
3.Dept. ofCardiology, Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi
4.Dept. of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad
P-193
TOTALANTIOXIDANTS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN LIVERCIRRHOTICS
S. Prakash andYKJoshi
Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi.
P-194
EFFECTOFVITAMINE ADMINISTRATION ON ALCOHOLLEAD INTERACTIVE NEUROTOXICITY
Anasuya MR. and AroorAR
Department of Biochemistry, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences,Bangalore.
P-195
EFFECTS OF VITAMIN E ADMINISTRATION ON ALCOHOL LEAD INTERACTIVE
HEPATOTOXICITY
Harishekar. M.B and Aroor. A. R.
Department ofBiochemistry, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
P-196
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PRE-ECLAMPSIA
Vanitha G, Krishna L, Aroor AR
Department of Biochemistry, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences,
Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
P-197
PARAOXONASE ACTIVITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES
MELLITUS WITH AND W1THOUTMICROALBUM1NURIA
MahadcvaSKand AroorAR
Department ofBiochemistry, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Bangalore,Karnataka. India.
P-198
TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF) PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS (HD)
AND CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS (CAPD).
DrKrishnaswamy, 737? Directoroperations, Sagar multispcciality hospital .Bangalore, India
Dr.Anjali Rao, Professor in BioChemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
Murali.W, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
P-199
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AS BIOMARKERS FOR LEAD TOXICITY
Siva Shanker, Satish Chandra Reddy, Abjal Pasha Shaik and Kaiser Jamil
Dept. ofGenctics, MahavirHospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad -500004. A.P. INDIA.
A RADKAc.. AEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
105
P-200
AN EVALUATIN’ OFANTIOXIDANT AND NUTRIT1ONALSTATUS OFNON-INSULIN DEPENDENT
DIABETES MELLITUS SUBJECTS
Preetham Phillips and Asna Urooj
Dept, of Studies in Food Science & Nutrition of Mysore,
Mysore-570006.
P-201
EVALUATION OFTOTALANTIOXIDANTSTATUS INTHYROID DYSFUCTION
AnithaD, Jaya Kumari S, Arokyasami, Sugirtha, Grace, Kamaraj, Premalatha, Glory, Shiv Shankar
Dept, of Clinical Biochemistry, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore -560 0 34.
P-202
THE TOTALANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN TYPE 11 DIABETIC PATIENTS
Jaya Kumari, Anitha D, Arokyasami, Jacintha, Laly, Kanmani, Abraham, Janet, Anitha and Sr. Lourd Mary
Dept. ofClinical Biochemistry, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore 34.
P-203
OXIDATIVE STRESS, PROTEIN GLYCATION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN ESSENTIAL
HYPERTENSION
Nandeesha H, V Sathiyapriya, Zachariah Bobby, S.K Sen, Pavithran P*
Department of Biochemistry and * Physiology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and
Research,Pondicherry,India
P-204
EVALUATION OF SERUM MARKERS IN ALCOHOLICS
D.Sanjeev, M.Nandini,
Dept.of Biochemistry,Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore-575 001
P-205
REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR SERUM APOLIPOPROTEINS A-l, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, E IN
HEALTHY INDIAN
ARaizada', H.V.Singh2, N.Singh .S.Bhandari', N.Trehan'
1 Dept, of Biochemistry & Cardiology, Escorts Heart Institute & Research Center,New Delhi
’ Dept of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical & Dental College & Hospitals,Ghaziabad
3 Department of Biochemistry, GR.Medical College, Gwalior
P-206
GLUCOSE CATALYSED OXIDATION OFAMINO ACIDS IMPLICATIONS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Priscilla Jaichanderl, Elizabeth A. Frank 1,2 and Cletus J.M.D'Souza 1
1 Department of Biochemistry, University ofMysore, Mysore 06 and 2Biochem Laboratories,
MBM Lehar Complex, Mysore 21.
P-207
COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDY OF WATER- AND LIPID-SOLUBLE FREE RADICAL
INITIATORS IN RAT ERYTHROCYTES
Vani, R. Shiv Shankar, R, Asha Devi, S.
Lab. Gerontology, Department ofZoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560 056, India.
P-208
PLASMA CERULOPLASMIN LEVELS IN PREGNANCY WITH PRE-ECLAMPSIA
Sukanya Shetty and Vivian D'Souza
Department of Biochemistry, KSHEMA, Mangalore.
Department of Biochemistry, KMC, Mangalore.
A RADICAL V IEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
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Date : 1 (7‘ January 2005
Time:
1430-1600 H
Chairpersons : Mahadevappa. K L
Irfan Rahman
India
USA
FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
P-1
OFR-MODIF1ED NUCLEOSOME: A NEO-ANTIGEN FOR
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Farah Mansoor and Rashid A
Department of Biochemistry. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,
A.M.U., Aligarh 202 002
Introduction: Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS)
have been implicated in the etiology of a number of human diseases
including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is a prototype
autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies to
components of the cell nucleus in association with a diverse array of
clinical manifestations. Nucleosome, the fundamental and structural
unit of chromatin, is emerging as the most reactive substrate among
nuclear antigens. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the binding
of circulating autoantibodies in SLE to OFR (oxygen free radicals)modilied nucleosome.
Methods-: Nucleosome isolated from goat liver was modified by
hydroxyl radical generated by illumination of hydrogen peroxide at 254
nm UV light. Modifications incurred in nucleosome were analyzed by
various physico-chemical techniques. Sera from thirty SLE patients
were studied for their binding to native and modified nucleosome by
direct binding and inhibition ELISA.
Results: UV absorption spectrum of nucleosome modified by hydroxyl
radical showed decrease in absorbance with hypochromicity of 52% at
260 nm. Nuclease SI digestion and thermal denaturation studies
confirmed the generation of single stranded regions upon modification
of nucleosome by hydroxyl radical. The possible role of OFR-modificd
nucleosome in SLE was probed by evaluating the binding of thirty SLE
sera to native and hydroxyl-modified nucleosome. Nearly all sera
showed higher binding with hydroxyl-nucleosome as compared to
native nucleosome, and a p value of < 0.001 indicated significant
difference in binding of these antigens.
P-2
IN VITRO AND IN VIVO PROTECTION BY T. CHEBULA FROM
GAMMA-RADIATION INDUCED DNA AND MEMBRANE
DAMAGES
N.
M. Gandhi, S. Vctrivcl and C. K. K. Nair
Radiation Biology and health sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre
Trombay, Mumbai 400 085 India
Introduction: Search of the radioprotecting chemical is one of the
problems addressed by the radiobiologists. Although a large number of
chemicals were screened which can protect cells from radiation damage,
very few has shown promise due to the toxicity problems. T. Chebula,
popularly known as Harde in Ayurvedic system of medicine, is used as
laxative, diuretic and as a cardiotonic.
Methods: Plasmid pBR322 (250-300 ng) was exposed to a-radiation at
various doses, in presence and absence of plant extract. The DNA was
clectrophorcsed in 1% agarose gel using 0.8 mM Tris-Borate/2mM
EDTA buffer at pl I 8.3 and the bands were visualised after staining with
Ethidium bromide under uv light and photographed using AAB GcIDoc
system. The supcrcoilcd (ccc) and opcncircular (oc) forms of DNA were
estimated. Exposure to radiation results in conversion of the ccc form of
plasmid DNA to oc form. For ex vivo protection studies the peripheral
blood leucocytes were irradiated in presence and absence of plant
extract, and were analyzed for the DNA damage using the alkaline single
cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay).
Results: Aqueous abstract of this plant fruit, protected the DNA both in
vitro and ex vivo. In in vitro test, plasmid pBR322 was protected by the
presence of the extract from the a-radiation. Above 50 Gy gamma
irradiation, The 100% of plasmid gets converted to open circular form;
presence of plant extract prevented the conversion by 83.93% at 50 Gy
and 77.87% at 100 Gy. Cellular DNA of the human peripheral blood
leucocytes were protected form undergoing damage ex-vivo from the
gamma-radiation, as there was the decrease in the radiation-induced
damage measured as tail moment.
Conclusion: The results suggest the ability of the plant extract -which is
safe and non-toxic- is protecting the cellular DNA and membranes from
the radiation-induced damages, and hence a promising agent for the
radioprotection.
P-3
SCID-A SMOKE CONDENSATE INDUCED NOVEL DNA
DAMAGING FACTOR FROM HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
L. Srinivas, R.P.Rao
Adichunchanagiri Biotechnology and Cancer Research Institute,
B.GNagara-571 448, India.
Introduction.* Oxygen is needed by all aerobic organisms to carryout
vital functions, but can turn into truant radical causing extensive damage
to biomoleculcs. Smoke condensate from cow dung cake, containing
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), is a potent prooxidant, acting
on the membrane lipids inducing peroxidation, and generating HPETE
and HETE. The present work is on the intracellular events following
oxidative DNA damage by smoke condensate (SC).
Methods; Smoke condensate was prepared by smouldering cow dung
cake for 15 minutes and condensed into PBS (lOmM, pH 7.4). The
condensate was used at 1: 100 dilution corresponding to OD of 1 at
271nm-the signature of PAH. Conditioned media was obtained by
incubating human lymphocytes with 1001 condensate, dialyzed, the
active DNA damaging peak fractioned by G25, purified by RP HPLC.
ESI was done for mass determination. All other important paramete. s to
evaluate DNA damage were carried out.
Results; The active DNA damaging factor was released at 20,h minute on
SC treatment into the medium from human lymphocytes, showing a
single peak in RP-HPLC and the mass was 3495 daltons with at 210nm
indicating a peptide nature. The active factor was named as SCID,
showed the presence of amino acids and absence of S-S grouos, and
sugar residues. SCID generated superoxide radical, hydroxyl ladicals
and induced DNA damage (60% at 6nM) induced by SCID wa; vented
by SOD. A threshold 60% DNA damage appeared to be a prerequ :ite for
the release of SCID and SCID induced DNA damage was preve «xd by
SOD to 85%.
Conclusions; SCID is possibly a very novel membrane housed DNA
damaging agent and the phenomenon could be referred to as “
membrane mediated DNA damage”.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Suraiya Jabcen andKhursheedAlam
Department of Biochemistry. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,
K.Kaviarasan. M.M.Arjunan, K.V. Pugalcndi*
A.M.U., Aligarh 202002
Results: The lipid peroxidation markers such as thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes increased
significantly while enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and
glutathione peroxidase) and non enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C,
vitamin E and reduced glutathione) decreased in hyperlipidemic and
diabetic hyperlipidemic patients as compared with control. After 45 days
of seed extract consumption, a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation
markers and elevation in enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants
were observed in seed extract consumed patients.
Conclusion: Our results show that the plant S. hispida Linn
extract possess antioxidant properties.
seed
III
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P. Bhakuni, M. Chandra*, M.K. Misra
Department ofBiochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow
*Department of Medicine, KG Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) results in severe oxidative
stress causing alterations in the anti-oxidant system of blood.
Reperfusion ofthe infarctcd myocardium leads to the generation of toxic
reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to burst of oxygen consumption.
These ROS have deleterious effects and increase cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality. Ascorbic acid is a powerful anti-oxidant
capable of detoxifying free radicals and sparing other endogenous anti
oxidants.
In the present study, we have assessed the effect of administration of 500
mg. ascorbic acid for three days on the status of some representative anti
oxidant systems of the blood in the post reperfused patients of ML
Methods: Anti-oxidants assayed were superoxide dismutase (SOD),
ascorbic acid, total thiols along with the levels of cholesterol and
malondialdehyde (MDA; as an index of free radical mediated damage) in
15 patients before and after administration of ascorbic acid.
Results: Significant increase in the levels of SOD (p<0.05), total thiols
(p<0.025) and significant decrease in the levels of MDA (p< 0.1) and
cholesterol (p< 0.1) has been observed in the patients after
administration ofascorbic acid.
S. Das, A.Manocha, Snehlata, N.Das and L.M.Srivastava
Department of Biochemistry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi., India
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis (Ath)and
related occlusive vascular disease. Oxidative modification of low
density lipoprotein (LDL) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of
Ath. This evidence led to study the effects of antioxidants on LDL
oxidation which by preventing or suppressing prooxidant state can act as
antiathcrogcns. In light of antioxidant properties of ascorbate and our
earlier studies on prevention of Ath by AA, we have studied its role on
invitro oxidative modification of LDL. LDL isolated from fasting
normal controls and hypcrcholcsterolemic patients were oxidised in
presence and absence ofAA and its oxidation level was studied. Invitro
treatment of LDL with A A prevented oxidative modification, however
the dose needed to prevent the oxidation of LDL isolated from controls
was lower (401M) as compared to LDL isolated from patients (80iM).
LDL so treated also exhibited decreased electrophoretic mobility. In
addition, we have studied the total antioxidant status (TAS) of controls
and hypcrcholcsterolemic patients. The (TAS) of patients was
significantly less as compared to controls. These observations highlight
the benevolent effects of A A in the prevention of LDL oxidation, which
is one ofthe major causative factors ofatherosclerosis.
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Conclusions: Our findings suggest that administration of ascorbic acid
is beneficial for the patients under investigation as it causes
augmentation ofsystems anti-oxidant mechanisms and lowers the levels
ENHANCED OXIDATION OF LDL IN
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND ITS REVERSALBY
ASCORBIC ACID AS A HYPOTHESIS OF PREVENTING
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
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P-7
EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ADMINISTRATION IN POST
REPERFUSED PATIENTS OF MYOCARDIALINFARCTION.
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P-5
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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
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Conclusions: All these physicochemical studies show that herbicide
Aiachlor causes structural changes in p-DNA rendering it immunogenic
as compared to native p-DNA
Materials and methods: Twenty patients with hyperlipidemia and
fifteen patients with diabetic hyperlipidemia were chosen from Govt.
Kamarajar hospital, Chidambaram and given the seed extract of S.
hispida. Eighteen subjects served as control. Fasting blood samples were
collected at the beginning (baseline) and after 45 days of treatment. The
collected blood samples were analysed for lipid peroxidation markers,
enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants.
(11
Results: The UV absorption spectroscopy of Aiachlor modified p-DNA
showed hyperchromicity as compared to native p-DNA. Treatment ofpDNA with higher concentrations of herbicides induced structural
perturbations and was the cause of melting of modified p-DNA
comparedto control plasmid, which did not show melting under identical
conditions. Nuclease SI treatment of modified and control plasmid
showed generation of single strand breaks in Aiachlor modified p-DNA.
Restriction mapping of p-DNA and its analog with ECoRI showed the
modification of ECoRI specific restriction site. Aiachlor modified pDNA was found to be more Immunogenic in comparison to native pDNAas assessed by direct bindingand inhibition ELISA.
Introduction: An imbalance in the antioxidant defense system seems to
result from the accumulation of LDL or VLDL in the course of
hyperlipidemia. Oxidative modification of LDL plays central role in
atherosclerosis. Several medicinal plants including Spermacocc species
were screened for antioxidant and ROS inhibitory activities. In this study
we have analyzed the antioxidant properties of S. hispida on
hyperlipidemic and diabetic hyperlipidemic patients
IJH
Methods: The plasmid DNA(p-DNA) pUC 18 was isolated from E.coli
(strain TB 1) and purified. The purified p-DNA was then allowed to
interact with Aiachlor for 72 hr at 370C in dark and dialyzed extensively.
The reaction mixture was then subjected to various physicochemical
studies such as U V spectroscopy, thermal denaturation. S1 nuclease and
ECoRI digestion. Antibodies against control plasmid and its modified
form was then raised in experimental animals. The titre and specificity of
induced antibodies was monitored by Immunological techniques.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,
Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
ffl
In trod action :Alachlor-[2-Chloro-N-methoxy methyl-N-(2,6dicthy Ipheny 1) acetamide] is a chloracctanilide herbicide used to control
weeds. The extensive use of Aiachlor and exposure to it either directly or
through contamination of crops and water evaluates genotomic risk to
humans. It is also a potential carcinogen.
W
Siddha Division, Govt. Kamaraj Hospital, Chidambaram.
M jiijw itrn f/iw iw w w
EFFECTOFSPERMACOCE HISPIDA LINN. (SEED EXTRACT)
ON REDOX STATUS IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS WITH
AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS
STUDIES ON ALACHLOR MODIFIED PLASMID DNA
IT-
H)
P-6
P-4
P-8
STATUS OF SOME FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ENZYMES
IN BLOOD OF THE PATIENTS REPERFUSED AFTER
MYOCARDIALINFARCTION.
>ll<JhYivedi, M. Chandra, P.C. Misra and M.K. Misra
Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow
Department oi Medicine, K.G’s Medical University. Lucknow. India.
Introduction: Oxygen derived free radicals arc the cause/conscqucncc
of many cardiovascular disorders. Reperfusion of the infracted
myocardium results in the burst of oxygen consumption with resultant
generation of free radicals and their derivatives. If not scavenged off
efficiently by the anti-oxidant system of the body, these may have
deleterious effects because these arc capable of causing structural and
functional alterations in the essential macromolecules. Free radicals also
cause lipid peroxidation and modifications in the low density
lipoproteins which ultimately results in the formation of atherosclerotic
lesions.
In the present communication, we have assessed the levels of some of
the anti-oxidant enzymes and extent of free radical mediated damage
caused by reperfusion of the patients of myocardial infarction.
Methods:
Seventeen patients of myocardial infarction after
reperfusion were included in the study. Fifteen age and sex matched
healthy persons served as control. Levels of catalase, superoxide
dismutase and glutathione reductase were assayed in the blood. As a
marker of free radical mediated damage, level of malondialdehyde was
also measured.
Results: Our findings show that all the anti-oxidant enzymes studied,
show statistically significant decreased levels in the patients compared to
control (superoxide dismutase p 0.005; catalase p 0.0005 and glutathione
reductase p 0.01). The level of malondialdehyde is significantly (p
005) enhanced in the patients.
0.
Conclusions: The results show that reperfusion therapy for myocardial
infarction is not completely safe as it impairs the anti-oxidant machinery
and thus promotes free radical mediated damage of the tissues, which at
times, may result in fatal consequences. Administration of anti-oxidant
vitamins may be of help.
loss in cell viability,
and apoptosis, indicated by the presence of
increase in the fraction of annexin-V-F1TC positive fluorescent cells.
The DOX-induccd increase in ROS was reduced to control levels in cells
treated with Spirulina and C-phycocyanin. Pretreatment with Spirulina
and C-phycocyanin reduced the number of positive fluorescent cells.
Doxorubicin-induced DNA fragmentation to a clear ladder pattern,
while Spirulina and C-phycocyanin prevented DNA fragmentation.
Caspase-3 activity was significantly increased with DOX whereas
Spirulina and C-phycocyanin inhibited the caspasc-3 activation. Our
results suggest that C-phycocyanin, a potent free radical scavenger
protected against DOX-induced cardioloxicity by decreasing ROS and
apoptosis in cardiomyocytcs.
P-10
CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF S-ALLYL CYSTEINE ON
ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
IN RATS
M. Padmanabhan and P. Stanely Mainzcn Prince
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
Tamil Nadu. India.
Introduction: In the present study, we have evaluated the pretreatment
effect of S-allyl cysteine (SAC) in isoproterenol (ISO) induced
myocardial infarction (M I) in albino Wistar rats.
Methods: Rats were orally pretreated with SAC for a period of 45 days
and then subcutaneously injected with ISO (150 mg/kg) for two days at
an interval of24 h. After the last treatment, all the rats were sacrificed and
the activities of marker enzymes, lipid peroxides and antioxidant status
were evaluated.
Results: The increased activities of marker enzymes and lipid peroxides
and the deranged antioxidant status were brought back to near normal
status with SAC pretreatment in ISO-induced rats.
Conclusion: This study reports the cardioprotective effect of SAC in
ISO-induced Ml in rats.
P-11
P-9
SPIRULINA PREVENTS DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED FREE
RADICALSPIRULINA PREVENTS DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED
FREE RADICAL RELEASE AND APOPTOSIS IN
CARDIOMYOCYTES IN VITRO
M Khan
V.K. Kutala u, S.Varadharaj', J.C.Shobha'.M.U.R.Naidtr,
P.Kuppusamy’
‘Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, USA, ‘Nizam’s Institute of
Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly potent antineoplaslic agent, but its use is
limited by the risk of developing cardiomyopathy. Redox activation of
DOX to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis has been
implicated in DOX-induced cardioloxicity. In our recent study, we have
demonstrated that Spirulina. blue - green algae containing antioxidants
protected the mice against DOX-induced cardioloxicity. In this study, we
investigated the effect of Spirulina and C-phycocyanin. one of the main
constituent of Spirulina, against DOX -induced ROS generation and
apoptosis in isolated rat cardiomyocytcs in vitro. Cardiomyocytcs were
prelreatcd with Spirulina (50 jtg/ml) and C-phycocyanin (25 pM) for 1 h
followed by DOX (10 pM) and incubated for 24 h. The ROS generation
in cardiomyocytcs was evaluated by dicholoro fluorescein (DCF).
hydroethidine (HE) and cell death by measuring LDH in the cell culture
supernatant. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring annexin VFlTC/propidium iodide double staining using flow cytometry. DNA
laddering by gel electrophoresis and caspasc-3 activity by
spectrophotometric assay. Treatment with the DOX produced significant
EFFECT OF BALSAMODENDRON MUKUL ON THE
OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN HYPERTENSIVE
PATIENTS
J. Pannccrsclvam G. Sambandam N. Nalini1
‘Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
India.2Professor Mahiarasan Memorial Polyclinic. Chidambaram, India.
Introduction Reactive oxygen species interfere with the mechanisms
controlling blood pressure (BP), and play an important role in the
development of hypertension and vascular damage. The aim of our study
was to assess and compare the effect of Balsamodendron mukul
(B.mukul) and nifedipine (a slrandard antihypertensive drug) on lipid
pcrioxidation, enzymic and non-cnzymatic antioxidants in randomly
selected patients with essential hypertension
Methods Fifty seven unrelated newly diagnosed hypertensive patients
of both sexes (23 males and 34 females) aged 35-70 years with essential
hypertension, parlicipilatcd in this study. Hypertensive patients were
randomly divided into 3 groups, they received either single-blind
nifedipine (lOmg/day) or single-blind B.mukul (1.5g/day) or double
blind therapy with nifedipine (1 Omg/day) and B.mukul (1.5g/day), for 6
weeks. All these groups were compared with control subjects. Fasting
blood samples was analyzed for lipid peroxidation (TBARS), enzymic
antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GPx) and non-cnzymatic antioxidants
(GSH, Vitamin C and Vitamin E).
Results In hypertension patients the levels of TBARS were elevated
while the enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GPx) and non-
enzymatic antioxidants (GSH. Vitamin C and Vitamin E) levels were
lowered as compared to control subjects On treatment with B.nuikul
and/or nifedipine the TBARS level was significantly decreased (p<0.05)
and the enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants levels were significantly
elevated as compared to untreated hypertensive patients (p<0.05).
Conclusion Thus our results demonstrate that treatment with B.nuikul
has a protective action against oxidative stress in hypertensive patients.
Combined therapy with B.nuikuland nifedipine was comparatively more
beneficial than the treatment with B.nuikul of nifedipine alone.
P-12
REDOX STATUS AND GLYCOPROTEIN COMPONENTS IN
HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS TREATED WITH MELOTHRIA
MADERASPATANA LEAF EXTRACT
B.Raja,M.M.Ariunan. K.V. Pugalendi
Siddha Division. Govt. Kamaraj Hospital, Chidambaram.
Department of Biochemistry. Annamalai University,
Annamalainagar- 608 002. India.
Introduction: In India, different traditional medicine systems make use
of a number of plants in the treatment of hypertension.. In this study, we
have evaluated Melothria maderaspatana on lipid peroxidation,
antioxidants status, and glycoprotein components in hypertensive
patients.
Methods: Thirty patients with hypertension (SBP 159.4? 9.02
135.677.07 mmHg); (DBP 101.077.88 -93.575.87 mmHg) were selected
from the Siddha division of Govt. Kamaraj Hospital, Chidambaram.
Tamilnadu and were between 36 to 56 yrs and 25 healthy subjects served
as control. Enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation
and glycoprotein components measured before and after treatment with
Melothria maderaspatana extract.
Results: The lipid peroxidation markersf thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances and conjugated dienes), and glycoprotein components(
fucose, sialic acid and protein-bound hexoses) increased while SOD,
CAT and GPx activities and vitamin C & E .and reduced glutathione
levels decreased in hypertensive patients as compared with control. After
45 days of leaf extract consumption, reduction in lipid peroxidation
markers, glycoprotein components and elevation in enzymatic and
noncnzymatic antioxidants were observed in hypertensive patients.
Conclusion: Melothria maderaspatana aqueous extract reduced blood
pressure and showed favorable effects on lipid peroxidation, enzymic,
non enzymic antioxidants and glycoprotein components..
P-13
EFFECTOFAEGLE MARMELOSON LIPID PEROXIDESAND
LIPIDS ON ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION IN RATS
M.Raiadurai and P. Stanely Mainzen Prince
Department of Biochemistry. Annamalai University. Annamalainagar.
Tamil Nadu, India.
Introduction: Cardiovascular disorders has become leading cause of
death in many parts of the world. In our present study, the
cardioprotective effect of Aegle marmelos leaf extract (AMLEt) in
isoproterenol (ISO)-induccd myocardial infarction in rats studied as an
experimental model.
Methods: Rats were pretreated with AMLEt (50,100,200 mg/kg) lor 35
days and then ISO (200 mg/kg) was administered to rats at an interval of
24 h for two days. AMLEt on cardiac marker enzymes, plasma lipid
peroxides (TBARS and hydroperoxides) and lipid levels in ISO-induced
MI rats were studied.
Results: Pretreatment with AMLEt for 35 days significantly decreased
lipid peroxides and plasma TBARS and hydroperoxides in ISO-treated
rats. AMLEt also decreased the levels of lipids in scrum, heart and aorta
in ISO-administered rats.
Conclusion: Our study shows that aqueous extract of Acglc marmelos
exhibit cardioprotective effect in ISO-treated rats.
P-14
LIPID PEROXIDATION & GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM IN CARDIAC
DISEASES
Rajni R. Shivnaniand Vijaya A. Haldankar
Dept, of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College & Research Centre, Kamothe,
Navi Mumbai
Professor & Head Dept, ofBiochemistry, T.N. Medical College & B.Y.L. Nair
Ch. Hospital. Mumbai 400 008
Introduction.* Cardiovascular disease is the largest cause of mortality in the
general population. Ischaemia disrupts the handling of oxygen by the
mitochondrial electron transport system and enzymes such as xanthine
oxidase. Unless reperfusion to tissue is achieved, ischaemia will ultimately
result in irreversible changes leading to cell death and tissue necrosis. When
reperfused, this causes conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and
superoxide anion. Taking this into account lipid peroxidation and glutathione
system which plays an important role in scavenging oxygen free radicals and
in the regeneration of antioxidants were studied using RBC as a model in
cardiac patients.
Methods; Blood samples from patients suffering from cardiac disease
(n=60) and age, sex matched controls (n=85) were collected. RBCs free from
WBC and platelets were hemolysed and hemolysate was subjected to the
analysis of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase (Kinetic
Method) MDA levels were measured (Stock J etal Method), glutathione
levels were measured from whole blood by (Bcutler) G6PD activity was also
measured (Kinetic Method) as it regenerates reduced glutathione.
Results; There was fall in G6PD by 8.62% (p<0.02) Lipid peroxidation was
higher by 93.25% (p<0.001) as expected, since there was fall in the GSH Px
by 23.51% (p<0.001) and GR by 22.09% (p<0.001) activities so also fall in
the levels of reduced Glutathione reductase by 18.96% (p<0.001).
Conclusions; The study shows that the availability of scavenging enzymes
decreases leading to lipid peroxidation in cardiac injury.
RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDI/
J
3
3
J
J
3
3
3
3
P-15
P-17
EFFECT OF VITAMIN E ON HUMAN BLOOD XANTHINE
OXIDASE IN ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIAL DISORDERS.
HOMOCYSTEINE AND OXIDATIVE STATUS IN ISCHEMIC
HEART DISEASE
AS Yadav, V R Bhagwat, I. M. Rathod Department of Biochemistry, M.
I. .M. S. R. Medical College,
Raslimi Raghuvanshi. M. Chandra. P.C. Misra and M.K. Misra
Department of Biochemistry. Lucknow University. Lucknow and
Department ot Medicine, K.G's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Introduction:- The mortality rate due to ischemic heart disease(IHD) in
India rises exponentially as it occurs much more prematurely under 40
years of age. This cannot be explained by any conventional risk factors.
Oxidative stress due to the production of reactive oxygen species may
play vital role in the pathogenesis of IHD. Hence the present study was
undertaken.
Methods: The patients have been grouped as follows: Group 1 (n=15)
patients receiving -blockers only. Group 2 (n= 10) patients receiving 80
mg. aspirin along with -blockers and Group 3 (n= 10) patients receiving
400 mg. vitamin E along with aspirin and -blockers for six days. Age and
sex matched healthy persons (n= 15) served as control.
Methods:- Plasma homocysteine scrum lipid peroxide, superoxide
dismutase, erythrocyte gluthathionc peroxidase and catalase activities
were mcasuerd by standard methods in fasting samples collected from
Myocardial infarction (n=30), chronic stable IHD (n —30) and normal
healthy controls (n=30). having age group 20-65 years.
Results: Our findings show that there is significant increase in the
level of blood xanthine oxidase in the patients (p 0.0005). Upon
administration of aspirin along with -blockers, the level of xanthine
oxidase is lowered as compared to group 1 patients but less significant (p
005). Administration of vitamin E along with aspirin and -bockers
0.
results in highly significant decrease in the level of xanthine oxidase
compared to Group 1 patients (p 0.0005).
Results:- Plasma homocysteine was significantly elevated in IHD
patients (P<0.001). Scrum lipid peroxide was significantly elevated in
myocardial infarction (P<0.001) and chromic stable IHD (P<0.005).
Scrum superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in II ID
(P<0.001) as compared to normal healthy controls. Erythrocyte
glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly
decreased in myocardial infarction (P<0.001), whereas no significant
change was observed in chronic stable IHD (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that administration of vitamin E
reduces the level of free radical generation in the patients under
investigation.
P-16
3
EFFECT OF ATORVASTATIN ON OXIDATIVE STRESS.
3
3
3
3
3
3
Latur-413531 Maharashtra-INDIA
Introduction: Free radicals are highly reactive species and detrimental
to the tissues. These are involved in different diseases. Generation of
oxygen free radicals increases upon reperfusion of ischemic
myocardium.ln the present report, we have assessed the effect of nonenzymatic anti-oxidant, vitamin E, on xanthine oxidase, a major source
of free radicals in the patients reperfused after myocardial infarction.
V. Save*. G Rajadhykshya**, N Patil*
* Department of Biochemistry. ** Department of Medicine,
T.M.Medical
L.
Conclusion:- Increased serum lipid peroxide is the consequence of
tissue ischemia as well as oxidation of PUFA. The decreased serum
superoxide dismutase in IHD could be due to suppressed natural
scavenging mechanism or enhanced free radical formation. The
superoxide dismutase in chronic stable IHD suggests that the injured
myocardiums arc progressing towards rccovciy. Raised erythrocyte
glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in chronic stable IHD
could be due to overload of toxic products of free radical metabolism
during Post-reperfusion phase. Increased plasma homocysteine occurs
due to excessive breakdown of methionine coupled with abnormal
functioning of vitamin coenzymes.
College, Sion, Mumbai
Introduction: Insufficient antioxidant enzymes have been implicated in
the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia (HC). Many antioxidant
enzyme studies on HC have been reported but a very few studies have
shown effect of statin tretment on antioxidant system in patients
suffering from HC.
Methods.* we have estimated serum Malondialdehyde (MDA),
erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Reduced (GSH)
and Glutathione Reductase (GRs) in 31 patients with mild HC, 27
patients with
severe HC and 31 healthy control subjects. Patients were undergone
atorvastalin therapy (1 Omg/day) for 3 months.
Result.* In both the HC group serum MDA and erythrocyte GRs level
was significantly high (p<0.05) as compared to control. Erythrocyte
SOD was significantly low (p<0.05) when compared with control. GSH
was found insignificant as compared to control and even after statin
treatment. Lipid profile, scrum MDA and GRs were significantly
reduced in both the HC group after statin treatment. SOD showed
significant rise in both the HC group after statin treatment.
Conclusion.* Atorvastatin may reduce free radical generation or may
have ability to stimulate antioxidant enzyme.
FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN DIABETES MELLITUS
P-18
ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF
PTEROSTILBENE ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED
DIABETIC RATS
M. Amarnath Sathcesh and L.Pari
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Introduction: Chronic hyperglycemia is the primer of a scries of
cascade reactions causing the over production of free radicals and
increasing evidences indicate that these contributes to the development
of diabetic complications. In our present study, ptcrostilbene, an
antioxidant was investigated for its anti-oxidative effect in
streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats.
Methods: Ptcrostilbene was administered orally for 6 weeks and
different doses of the ptcrostilbene on blood glucose, plasma insulin.
plasma lipid peroxidation markers (TBARS and hydroperoxides) and
circulatory antioxidant levels in STZ-induccd diabetic rats were studied.
Results: Oral administration of ptcrostilbene for 6 weeks resulted a
significant reduction (p<0.05) of blood glucose and plasma insulin in
dose dependent manner. Administration of ptcrostilbene significantly
decreased (p<0.05) the lipid peroxidation markers with significant
elevation (p<0.05) ofcirculatory antioxidant in diabetic rats.
Conclusion: The above observations suggest that ptcrostilbene play an
antioxidant role in reducing the oxidative stress in diabetes..
3
3
____ i
P-19
ANTIOXIDATIVE AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF
INDIAN HERBAL PREPARATIONS STREPTOZOTOCIN
INDUCED DI ABETIC RATS
Anu Chandra. Abbas Ali Mahdi andR.K.Singh
Department of Biochemistry,KingGeorge's Medical University ,
Luknow
(U.P)226 003. INDIA
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of carbohydrate,
fat and protein attributed to diminished production or mounting
resistance to its action. Chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes causes
glycation of proteins that in tum leads to secondary complications
affecting eyes, kidneys, nerves and arteries. Diabetes is associated with
profound alterations in the lipid and lipoprotein profile. The present
study was carried out to investigate the effect of herbal hypoglycemic
agents on lipid peroxidation and lipid profile in strcptozotocin included
diabetic rats.
Methods: Strcptozotocin was administered as a single dose (65 mg/kg
bw) to induce diabetes. A dose of 250 mg/kg/day of O.sanctum, 500
mg/kg/day of A.indica and lOml/kg/day oa A sativum and M.Charantia
were orally administrated to induced diabetic rats for four weeks.
Simultaneous administrationx)f insulin and glibcnclamide was done to
diabetic rats for four weeks. Blood glucose . plasma lipid peroxide and
lipid profile including cholesterol, HDL-cholcstcrol and triglycerides
were estimated in serum of diabetic rats.
Results: The levels of blood Glucose,lipid peroxide. Cholesterol and
Triglycerides were found significantly elevated (p<0.001) in diabetic
rats as compared to the control group. HDL-cholcstcrol levels were
observed significantly reduced in diabetic rats. Daily dose of
M.Charantia. A indica, O.santum and A. Sativum significantly decrease
the glucose, lipid pcrioxide,cholesterol, and triglycerides to their levels
and significantly elevated (p<0.00l) the HDL-cholcstrol levels in
diabetic animals.
Conclusion: The results of the present study reveal that Indian herbal
preparations under investigation exerted antioxidativc and
antihyperlipidemic effects and consequently may alleviate diabetes
associated cardiovascular risk factors in strcptozotocin induced diabetic
rats.
administration whereas the alkaloid fraction did not have any significant
reduction. Oral administration of the flavanoid fraction reduced the
hepatic TBARS (1.83 nmoles/ mg protein as compared to 3.78 nmoles/
mg protein ofcontrol), GSH level (5.47 nmoles/mg protein as compared
to control of 3.86 nmoles/ mg protein) and SOD activity (7.56 units/ mg
protein as compared to 13.97 ofcontrol).
Conclusions: The results indicate that the flavanoids fraction of D.
gangeticum possess anti-oxidant properties in diabetic conditions.
P-21
OXIDATIVE PROTEIN & LIPID DAMAGE IN TYPE 2
DIABETES MELLITUS
K.N. Kalaivanam*, M. Dharmalingam#, S.R. Marcus*
Depts of Biochemistry* and Endocrinology#, M.S.Ramaiah Medical
College, Bangalore, 560 054, India
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is known to be a state of increased free
radical activity leading to lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to
proteins in spite of protection by antioxidant defence mechanisms and
protein repair and degradation systems. In order to evaluate the cfleet of
oxidative stress in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a comparative study of the
malondialdehyde (MDA- index of lipid peroxidation), protein carbonyl
(marker of protein damage), fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides
and protein levels in type 2 diabetics and healthy controls were made.
Methods: 55 (31 male 4- 24 female) normotensive, non smoking type 2
diabetic patients free from other clinical complications and secondary
causes of hyper glycemia and 50 (26 male + 24 female) age-matched
healthy controls were chosen for the study. The patients were on only
insulin treatment and no other medications including vitamins and
antioxidants. Fasting blood samples were collected for the estimation of
glucose, triglycerides, total protein, and MDA and protein carbonyl
levels. MDA was measured as thiobarbutric acid reactive substances and
protein carbonyl by the 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine method.
Results: The diabetics showed a significant increase in glucose
( P<0.001 ), triglyceride ( P<0.001 ), MDA ( P<0.001 ) and protein
carbonyl ( P<0.00l ) content when compared with controls. There was
no significant difference in any parameter between the males and the
females in each group.
Conclusion: The impaired glycemic control along with the increase in
free radical enhanced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage
may be related to the underlying metabolic abnormalities and the
development of further complications of diabetes.
P-20
EFFECT OF DESMODIUM GANGETICUM ON ANTIOXIDANT
ENZYMES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN -INDUCED DIABETIC
RATS
R. Govindarajan, M. Vijayakumar, Ch. V. Rao, A.K.S. Rawat and P.
Pushpangadan
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical
Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001
Introduction: The elevated levels of blood glucose in diabetes produces
oxygen free radicals, which cause membrane damage due to
peroxidation of membrane damage due to peroxidation of membrane
lipids and protein glycation. Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (Family
Leguminaccae) has been used in Indian system of medicine as a bitter
tonic, febrifuge, digestive and in treatment of various other
inflammatory conditions. Present study was undertaken to study the
effect of Desmodium gangeticum on antioxidant enzymes in diabetic
rats.
P-22
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC
EXTRACT OF CRATEVA NURVALA BUCH. IN ALLOXANINDUCED DIABTES IN RATS
A.
KasliwaLN. Raut, N. Gaikwad
Dept, of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagpur University, Nagpur
Methods: Slreptozocin -induced diabetic rats were treated with D.
gangeticum extract and its fractions and the levels of antioxidant
enzymes were estimated. The effect was assessed on lipid peroxidation
(LPO) and the antioxidant defense enzymes like GSH and SOD in rat
tissues.
Introduction: Crateva nurvala Buch Ham Fam.: Capparaccae
commonly called 'Varunha' is used in kidney and bladder disorders.
Traditionally, it has been used in the treatment of diabetes by certain
tribes of Vidarbha region. However, no scientific data arc available about
its antidiabetic activity of C. nurvala. Furthermore, it is reported to
contain mainly saponins, flavonoids and glucosilinatcs that arc
components of many herbs possessing antidiabetic activity. In view of its
traditional use in the treatment of diabetes, it was thought to investigate
activity of hydroalcoholic extract of C. nurvala (HACN) in
experimentally induced diabetes in rats.
Results: FJavanoid fraction demonstrated hypoglycemic effect in the
diabetic rats significantly at 25 mg/kg within three hours after
Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats with single administration of
alloxan monohydrate (120mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were divided into
EW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION IN
four groups (n=6). Non-diabelic control. Diabetic control. Metformin
treated and HACN treated. The HACN (300 mg/Kg. orally) was
administered after taking initial blood glucose on 15“ day of first
administration of alloxan. The blood was withdrawn from retro-orbital
plexus ol rats at 0, 2,4, 6 and 24 h of administration. The blood glucose
was determined by GOD-POD method. In order to delineate antioxidant
activity to antidiabetic activity, in vitro antioxidant activity of HACN
was assessed by DPPH (1.1- Diphenyl Picryl Hydrazyl).
Results: Alloxan treatment induced significant hyperglycemia (>200
mg/dl). This hyperglycemia was reversed by oral treatment with HACN
and Metlormin 450mg/kg. orally. The antihyperglycemic activity of
extract of C. nurvaia was very much comparable to metformin.
Furthermore, HACN showed significant in vitro antioxidant activity by
scavenging DPPH radicals.
Conclusion: Thus, hydro alcoholic extract of C. nurvaia exhibits
antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats, which could be
due to its free radical scavenging activity.
P-23
antioxidant status of Diabetes mellitus patients. In this study we want to
establish the relation between the methyl glyoxal level and the severity
ofcomplications in the diabetic condition.
Materials and Methods : We selected 49 Diabetes mellitus patients
attended in outpatient and inpatient department of Diabetology, Nilratan
Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata and 40 normal healthy
people were selected randomly as control. The Diabetic patients were
divided into 3 groups . Group-1 ( n=32 Jconsists of the patients having
fasting blood sugar level <=250 mg /dl, group-II ( n=l 1 jeonsists of the
patients having fasting sugar level 250 -350mg /dl, Group-III ( n=6 )
consists of the patients having fasting sugar level >=350 mg /dl .The
serum of patients and normal control were analyzed for methyl glyoxal,
total antioxidant status, catalase activity , superoxide dismutase (SOD)
activity , total reduced glutathione, NO , lipid peroxidation by malon
dialdihyde level (MDA).
Result : We observed methyl glyoxal and malon dialdihyde ( MDA)
level increase significantly ( P<0.05) with poor status of total
antioxidant , catalase activity. SOD activity, reduced glutathione, NO
level ingroup-II andgroup-III patients.
Conclusion :Our observation shows that increased cellular damage and
methyl glyoxal level arc accordingly to the blood glucose level and
severity ofcomplications in diabetic conditions.
ANTIOXIDANTS ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF IN TYPE II
DIABETES MELLITUS
P.
E.
Kumar*.Scnthil. R, Girish S. Parhate. B.Surcsh
P-25
JSS College of Pharmacy. Ooty.
Introduction Diabetes is a dangerous disease than hypertension, affects
multiple organ system. Even though it is a worldwide problem, in Indian
cities is high and rising. Indians get diabetes at an average age of 35
years, the type 2 diabetes. Free radicals arc found to be responsible for
occurrence of most of the disease. So the present study was undertaken to
evaluate the synergistic role of antioxidants as potential add on therapy
along with Glibenclamide in type 2 DM.
Methods The study was carried out at out patient department in GHQH.
Ooty, in 2 phases. The first phase of study was to asses the social habits
and demographic data In 2nd phase the patients were classified into two
groups (i.c.) control and intervention group. Intervention group received
Vil C lOOmg, Vit E 100 KJ once daily along with oral hypoglycemic
therapy. Blood biochemical analysis was done on all study subjects like
glucose, HBA1C, and SOD of base line and an interval of 1-month for
three months.
Results The subjects were divided into two groups, the patients were
sub-grouped as mild, moderate and severe based on their plasma glucose
level .we found that 90% of the subjects were non vegetarian and also
coming under obese in the age group of 50-70 years, their SOD levels
was found to be very less in severe type 2 group. The urine and blood
glucose values fluctuating through out the study in control group but in
intervention group shown to maintained or reduced.
Conclusion The supplementation of antioxidants significant reduction
in blood and urine glucose levels, elevation of SOD level and reduction
in glycosylated hemoglobin HBA.C value in intervention group were
observed.
P-24
LEVEL OF INCREASED METHYL GLYOXAL AND REDUCED
ANTI OXIDANT STATUS ARE THE INDICATIONS OF
SEVERITYOFCOMPLICATIONS IN DIABETES MELLITUS.
S. Mukhopadhyay1,M Das.M Kar’.AKGhosh
Department of Biochemistry, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and
Hospital. Kolkata700014, W B. India
Introduction : Recently it has been reported that methyl glyoxal level
increases in Diabetes mellitus. This is the prospective study of the co
relation between methyl glyoxal level and free radical damage as well as
IMPACT OF UMBELLIFERONE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN
PLASMA AND LIVER OF STREPTOZOTOCIN DIABETIC
RATS
B.
Ramcshand K.V. Pugalendi
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar
608002,Tamilnadu, India.
Introduction: Many plant drugs have been widely used in the treatment
of diabetes mellitus. Umbellifcronc is a derivative of coumarin which is
benzopyrone in nature. The parent compound coumarin has been
reported to reduce blood glucose level. In this study, we have evaluated
the effect of umbellifcronc on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status
in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were induced diabetes mellitus by
streptozotocin at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.wt. The animals were divided into
five groups of six animals each. Group I: normal control; group 2:
normal rats treated with umbellifcronc (30 mg/kg bwt.); group 3:
diabetic control rats; group 4: diabetic rats treated with umbellifcronc
(30 mg/kg bwt.); group 5: diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (600 p
g/kg bwt.). Alter 45 days of treatment, biochemical estimations were
carried out in plasma and liver.
Results: Lipid peroxidation markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes increased and
nonenzymic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced
glutathione) decreased significantly in plasma and liver of diabetic rats.
Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase
decreased significantly in the liver of diabetic rats. Diabetic rats treated
with umbellifcronc brought them to near normal levels. A significant
reduction in lipid peroxidation markers and significant elevation in both
nonenzymic and enzymic antioxidants were found in normal rats treated
with umbellifcronc.
Conclusion- Our results indicate that treatment with umbellifcronc has
effectively reduced lipid peroxidation and elevated antioxidants status in
diabetic rats.
POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND
NITRIC OXIDE END PRODUCTS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC
PATIENTS WITH MACROANGIOPATHY
Ritu Saxena, .IK Gambhir. *SV Madhu, Rimi Shukla. KM Prabhu
plasma insulin levels and exhibited histological damages to the beta
cells, there was no mortality observed. Metformin (450mg/kg p.o. on day
7) reduced the pyrogallol-induced hyperglycemia. Vitamin C+ E
treatment reversed the effect of pyrogallol on all above parameters.
Conclusion: PGL-induccs hyperglycemia by free radical generation and
can be used as a preferable diabetogenic tool over ALX and STZ for
screening an antidiabetic activity of any agent.
Departments of Biochemistry and *Medicine; Univ College of Medical
Sciences & GTB Hospital, Shahdara. Delhi-110095
Introdution : Exaggerated postprandial lipemia (PPL) in type 2 diateles
mellitus (DM) may lead to increased production of lipid derived free
radicals. This along with the impaired antioxidant defences has been
implicated in endothelial dysfunction which is an initial event in
atherosclerotic macrovascular complications. The present study has
been carried out to address the relationship between postprandial
hypertriglyceridemia & selected parameters of oxidative stress in Indian
patients of type 2 DM with macroangiopathics.
Methods : 13 patients each of type 2 DM with (Group 111) and without
macrovascular complications (Group II) along with 13 age and sex
matched healthy controls (Group 1) were selected in this case-control
study. Plasma glucose, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric
oxide end products, reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide
dismutase (SOD), were measured in the fasting state and serially al 2,4,6
and 8 hours after a mixed meal.
Results : Diabetic patients (both groups) showed significantly higher
levels (p<0.05) of plasma triglycerides (TG) and MDA post meal at all
time points as compared to controls. Highest MDA levels were seen in
Group III which corresponded with TG peak, further, MDA levels
correlated positively (r = 0.712, p<0.05) with plasma TG in this group.
Erythrocyte GSH and SOD activity was lower whereas level of plasma
nitrate was higher in both groups of diabetics in the fasting as well as
postprandial state, as compared to controls.
Conclusions The magnitude of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in
type 2 DM is a major determinant of the oxidative stress which along
with derangement of nitric oxide pathway may play an important role in
development of macrovascular complications. Therefore, postprandial
TG levels and oxidative stress should be taken into consideration for risk.
P-27
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL MODEL FOR SCREENING
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY BY INDUCING
HYPERGLYCEMIA WITH PYROGALLOL, A PROOXIDANT
A.There, Y. Mundhada, M. Wanjari, P. Dixit, S. Umalhe.
FREE RADICALS & ANTIOXIDANTS IN LIFER DISEASES
P-28
Methods: The blood glucose levels were regularly estimated in rats who
received different doses of PGL (i.p.) for different time periods. The
effect of minimum dose of PGL that produced maximum hyperglycemia
with minimum toxicity was studied on various parameters such as
histology of pancreas, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and antioxidant
status of pancreas. The antidiabetic activity of metformin was screened
in this model.
Results: Out of the various doses of PGL, 150 mg/kg, i.p. daily dose for
seven days induced significant QxO.OOl) hyperglycemia on day 3 that
reached to maximum on day 7 and gradually returned to normal by H1"
day. Though, this dose of PGL increased lipid peroxidation, reduced
activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in pancreas, elevated
£'
it
flBI.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VEDIC GUARD IN ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
IN RATS
RemaRazdan, Amardcv
Department of Pharmacology, V.I.P.S Bangalore-560004.
Introduction: Chronic treatment of tuberculosis with Isoniazid (I) +
Rifampicin (R) + Pyrazinamidc (Z) has shown to induce hepatotoxicity
mainly due to free radical generation. Vedic guard is a poly herbal
formulation having natural antioxidant activity. Attempts have been
made to evaluate hepatoprotcctivc activity and free radical scavenging
activity ofVedic guard in anti-tubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in
rats.
Methods: Wislar rats were divided in 5 groups containing 6 each. Group
1: normal control. Group 2: treated with (I+R+Z) for 45 days. Group 3:
treated with (1+R+Z) +Vedic guard (900mg/kg/day) for 45 days. Group
4: treated with (I+R+Z) for 45 days + no treatment from 45 to 65 days.
Group 5: treated with (I+R+Z) for 45 days +Vedic guard (900mg/kg/day)
from 45 to 65 days. Serum enzyme levels of ASAT, ALAT, ALP and total
bilirubin and total protein levels were measured. Antioxidant enzymes in
liver homogenates viz. SOD, catalase, TBARS and glutathione were
estimated. Results: I + R + Z treated (group 2) animals showed elevated
serum hepatic enzyme levels and decrease in antioxidant activity
indicating liver damage (P > 0.05). Group 4 animals did not show
recovery. Group 3 animals showed normal scrum hepatic enzyme levels
as well as normal antioxidant activity (P > 0.05). Group 5 animals
showed recovery to normal in both serum hepatic enzyme levels and
antioxidant activity (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Simultaneous administration of Vedic guard prevented the
anti-tubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity by its free radical
scavenging activity. Administration ofVedic guard for twenty days after
induction of hepatotoxicity showed recovery from hepatic damagc.I
Dept, of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagpur University, Nagpur.
Introduction: Alloxan (ALX) and streptozotocin (STZ) are common
diabetogenic agents employed in the screening of antidiabetic agents.
The hyperglycemic effect of these agents is attributed to the free radicals
generation. Though ALX produces reversible hyperglycemia, it is
chemically unstable and produces high mortality. STZ induces
irreversible hyperglycemia and making post experiment rehabilitation of
animals difficult. Therefore, it was proposed to test pyrogallol (PGL), a
known prooxidant, for hyperglycemia induction and to use this model to
screen an antidiabetic agent.
W U I1 W H ■ « ■ ■ M M W JIW A W mWW
P-26
I1T1
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pi
pi
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Er
P-29
ALTERATION OF LIVER LIPID PEROXIDATION AND
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN EXPERIMENTAL
DIABETES: ROLE OF
N-BENZOYL-DPHENYLALANINE AND METFORMIN
N. Ashok Kumar and L.Pari
Department of Biochemistry. Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002,Tamil Nadu, India.
Introduction: A new model of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus
(NIDDM) is described, which exhibits more prominent defects in ?-cell
function than the standard neonatal NIDDM model. The present study
was carried to investigate the role of N-benzoyl-D-phenylalanine
(NBDP) and metformin on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme
status in type 2 diabetes.
Methods: To produce this model, 48 h old neonatal nits were injected
with streptozotocin via ip route. After 10-12 weeks, male rats were
selected for screening of NIDDM model. NBDP and metformin were
Mr
Mr
|UC
Rr.
rj
administered orally for six weeks to confirmed diabetic rats and the
eve s ot blood glucose, lipid peroxidation in liver and the activities of
antioxidant enzymes were studied.
Results: 1 he diabetic control rats showed significant increase (p<0.05)
in blood glucose and liver lipid peroxidation with significant decrease
(p<0.05) in antioxidant enzymes. Both NBDP and metformin were
significantly decreased (P<0.05) the blood glucose and restored the
altered lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidant enzymes.
C ombination treatment was more effective than either drug alone.
Conclusion: From this study, it may be concluded that oxidative stress
play a major role in type 2 diabetes, it was evident from significant
inhibition of antioxidant defense mechanism in liver.
Oral
administration of NBDP and metformin exhibited significant decrease in
blood glucose level along with the amelioration of lipid peroxidation
and antioxidant status.
Methods : Adult male Wister strain rats (160 + 5g ) were divided into
four groups (n=6). Group I served as an untreated control. Group II rats
were administered nickel sulfate ( 2.0 mg / 100 g body weight ,i.p.) on
alternate days until the tenth dose. Group III rats were treated orally with
L-ascorbic acid (50mg / 100 g. b.wt.) and Group IV rats were given
nickel sulfate and ascorbic acid simultaneously. Hepatic total protein,
RNA and DNA concentration were determined by the standard methods.
Results: Nickel induced a significant decrease in hepatic DNA, RNA
and protein content in the Group II rats in comparison to untreated
control (Group I).Whereas simultaneous administration of L- ascorbic
acid with nickel sulfate ( Group IV ) resulted in a remarkable
improvement of hepatic nucleic acids and total protein concentration in
comparison with rats treated with nickel sulfate alone (Group II).
Conclusions : Nickel sulfate appears to be a potential hepatotoxic heavy
metal that affects adversely to the expression of genetic information by
reducing DNA, RNA and protein concentrations in the liver of albino
rats. But simultaneous treatment with L-ascorbic acid relatively prevents
nickel induced alteration of nucleic acids concentration in the liver.
P-30
OXIDATIVE STRESS DURING LIVER CIRRHOSIS RESULTS
IN MODIFICATION OF METAL BINDING CAPACITY OF
SERUM ALBUMIN
Anup Ramachandran, Jayasrcc Basivi Reddy, C.E. Eapcn & K.A.
Balasubramanian
P-32
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ARIEL ROOTS OF
FICUS BENGALENSIS
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Department of Gastrointestinal
sciences
V.R Mallurwar. A. K. Palhak
Chronic liver disease is a major problem in countries such as India, and
oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of diseases such as
liver cirrhosis. Albumin, synthesized in the liver, is the major protein in
circulation, and this study examines the role of oxidative stress in
modification of the metal binding activity of scrum albumin. Serum was
obtained from patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis by liver function
tests and clinical parameters. A significant increase in protein carbonyl
content and a decrease in protein thiols were seen in serum from these
patients when compared controls. Albumin binds a number of metals in
circulation, and the binding of the protein to cobalt has been shown to be
altered in conditions such as myocardial infarction. Cobalt binding
activity of serum albumin*can be measured by a spectrophotometric
assay, and was found to be altered in patients with cirrhosis. In-vitro
experiments demonstrated that exposure of serum to the xanthine
xanthine oxidase system (which generates superoxide) and hydrogen
peroxide resulted in a significant increase in cobalt binding of albumin.
This was accompanied by an increase in protein carbonyl content as well
as a decrease in protein thiols- similar to the results from cirrhotic
patients. These results indicate that during cirrhosis, oxidative stress
causes modification of serum albumin, resulting in an altered cobalt
binding capacity.
Introduction: Ficus bcngalensis (Moraceae), commonly known as
Banyan tree, Barh or Bargat is a remarkable tree of India and tropical
Africa is well known to ancient Indian culture and medicine. The
ethnobotanieal uses of aerial roots of F. bcngalensis arc reported as
styptic, aphrododisiac, useful in gonorrhoea, syphilis, biliousness,
dysentery and inflammatory conditions of liver. These roots contain
tannins(Ayurvcdic Pharmacopoeia, 2001) Tannis being polyphenolic in
nature arc also known to possess antioxidant property. The present study
was undertaken to observe the hepatoprotcctive potential of F.
bcngalensis aerial roots in the CCI4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
P-31
EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT (L-ASCORBIC ACID) ON NICKEL
INDUCED ALTERATION OF NUCLEIC ACID
CONCENTRATION IN RATS.
Nazmun L. Raisa NK, Swastika Das*, AM Patil**, SA Dhundasi ,
KKDas
Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology**.Al Amccn
Medical College ,Bijapur-586108 department of Chemistry*,
BLDEA’s College of Engineering, Bijapur- 586103, India.
Introduction : Nickel exhibit the ability to produce reactive oxygen
species (ROS) or free radicals resulting in lipid peroxidation, DNA
damage, depletion of sulfhydryl and altered calcium homeostasis. The
present study was designed to elucidate the effect of L-ascorbic acid on
nickel sulfate induced hepatic nucleic acids concentration in rats.
Department of Pharmacy, Barkatullla University, Bopal. M.P. 462026
Methods: Plant materials and extraction: The aerial roots of F.
bengalcnsis were collected from Barkatullah University campus, dried,
coarsely powdered and extracted by maceration process by using water
as a solvent (yield-5%). The extract was tested positive for presence of
tannins. All the chemicals were of analytical grade. Albino rats of cither
sex (body wt range 250-300gm) were purchased from market and were
maintained in a thermostatically controlled room at 24+/-20C. Animals
were divided in four groups of five animals each. CC14, mixed with
liquid paraffin (1:1) was used as a hepatotoxic agent. The test drug was
administered in the form of a suspension, made from CMC. Silymarin
suspension was used as a standard hepatoprotcctive drug (Silybon 70).
The first group (normal control) received neither any drug nor CC14.
Second group (toxic control) was injected with a single dose of CC14 (IP,
Iml/kg) on day first only. Third group (silymarin treate) was given
silymarin suspension (oral, lOmg/kg) for six days after CC14
administration on day first. Fourth group was administered with test drug
extract (oral, 100 mg/kg) for six days after CCI4 administration on day
first. On the last day, animals were taken for biochemical evaluation for
SGPT, SGOT, ALP &AP
Results and discussion: The toxic dose of CC14 shown 199%, 89.1%
increase in the levels of SGPT, SGOT respectively. The Silymarin shows
37.49% & 50.58% inhibition of increased levels of SGPT & SGOT. Being
nonspecific enzyme of liver, ALP & AP levels are not considered
significant. The Drug was found to lower the increased levels of all the
four enzymes significantly which is comparable to the standard drug used
in the study. The results were confirmed with histopathological studies. In
test group, there was minimum mononuclear cell infiltration and normal
staining nucleus. No periportal fibrotic bands were seen in test group.
Conclusion: The drug is shown to posess hepatoprotcctive potential.
SEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
INFLUENCE OF DIALLYL DISULFIDE ON OXIDATIVE
STRESS IN N- NITROSODIETHYLAMINE INDUCED
HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF
ARJUNOLICACID
Prabu Daniel I, Anbalagan.N 1., Moni Mallika2, Balakrishna K 3.
T. Manivasagam and P. Subramanian
1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
C.
L.Baid
Mctha College of Pharmacy, Chennai.
2 Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and
Research Institute (Deemed University), Chennai.
Department of Biochemistry; Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu. India.
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks fifth in frequency among
all the malignancies in the world. In the present experiment, the possible
antioxidant role of diallyl disulphide (DADS), an organosulphur
compound in garlic on N-Nitrosodiethylaminc (NDEA) induced
hepatocarcinogenesis was studied.
Methods: Hepatocarcinoma was induced by single intraperitonial
injection of NDEA (200mg/ kg body weight) and promoted by
subcutaneous injection of CC1., (3 ml/ kg bodyweight) weekly once for 6
weeks. DADS (60 mg/kg bodyweight) was administered orally thrice in
a week for 20 weeks along with carcinogenesis induction. At the end of
experimental regimen, the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of
enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and superoxide dismutase) were
assayed in liver ofnormal and experimental rats.
Results: In NDEA induced hepatocarcinogenesis, the significantly
decreased (p<0.05) level ofTBARS and significantly increased (p<0.05)
level of GSH as well as enzymic antioxidant activities were observed.
Upon treatment with DADS, all theses changes were significantly
reversed (p<0.05) to near normal.
Conclusion: The above observation suggest that DADS play a
antioxidant role by influencing the carcinogen metabolism in liver.
■
3Department of Phytochemistry, Captain Srinivasamurty Research
Institute for Siddha, Arumbakkam, Chennai.
Introduction Arjunolic acid (AA) is the triterpenoid and major
constilutcnt present in the bark of Tenninalia arjuna (TA). This paper
describes the hepatoprotcctivc action of Arjunolic acid and its anti
oxidant acitivity against the DPPH and Nitric Oxide free radicals.
Method Arjunolic acid was isolated from stem bark of TA by column
chromatographic method. 36 Albino rats of either sex (150-200G) were
divided in to 5 groups. Group I served as solvent control and received
only 1% Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellose [SCMC] suspension, Group
III and IV received Arjunolic acid (1%SCMC Suspension) 25 and
50mg/kg/po respectively, Group V received Silimarin (1%SCMC
Suspension) 25mg/kg/po for seven days. All the groups except I,
received CC14 in Olive oil (1:1) (3mg/kg/ip) on 3rd and 5th day. On 7th
day all the animals were sacrificed and scrum is separated for the
estimation of biochemical parameters. Anti-oxidant activity was studied
by invitro scavenging of DPPH and Nitric Oxide free radicals by graded
concentrations ofArjunlic acid.
Result The levels of hepatitis marker enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT,
Alkaline Phosphatase arc elevated in groups treated only with CC14.
Pretreatment with Silimarin, AA (25 & 50 mg) showed significant
hepato protection. They also exhibit significant scavenging of DPPH
and Nitric oxide free radicals.
Conclusion Aijunolic acid exhibited significant hepatoprotcctivc action
and it may be due its free radical scavenging activity.
P-34
DIALLYL TETRASULPHIDE ATTENUATES CADMIUM
INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN RAT LIVER
P. Murugavel and L. Pari
Department ofBiochemistry, Annamalai Univcrsuly,Annamalinagar
Introduction: Exposure to toxic metals has become an increasingly
recognized source of ill ness worldwide. Cadmium(Cd) is known to be
most toxic environment pollutant, which concerned with a variety of
adverse effects. The present study was carried out to investigate the role
of Diallyl tetrasulfide(DTS), the organosul fur compound found in garlic,
in protection oftoxic effects of cadmium on liver.
Methods: During the experiment, rats were injected with cd (3 mg/kg
body weight) subcutaneously alone or with oral administration of DTS in
different doses (10,20 and 40 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. The effect of
different doses of DTS on hepatospecific markers( trasaminases,
alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase) in scrum was assayed.
In liver, the changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation indices (TBARS
and lipid hydroperoxides) and antioxidant activities were also studied.
Results: In Cd treated rats, significantly increased (p<0.05) activities of
scrum hepatic markers with elevated levels of lipidperoxidation in liver
were observed. Oral administration of DTS significantly decreased
(p<0.05) the activities of hepatic markers in a dose related manner. In
addition, DTS significantly decreased (p<0.05) the level of lipid
peroxidation with restoration of depleted enzyme and non enzymic
antioxidant levels in Cd treated rats. DTS at a dose of 40mg/kg/day was
highly effective when compared to other doses.
Conclusion: The above observations suggest that the maintenance of
liver antioxidant status with attenuation of lipid peroxidation may
contribute to the protective role of Diallyl letrasulphide in cadmium
induced oxidative damage in liver.
P-36
FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACT! VITYOFBORRERIA HISPIDA
Prabu Daniel 1,Anbalagan.N 1., Moni Mallika2, Balakrishna K. 3.
1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
C.L.Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai.
2 Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and
Research Institute (Deemed University), Chennai.
3Department of Phytochemistry, Captain Srinivasamurty Research
Institute for Siddha, Arumbakkam, Chennai.
Introduction Free radicals arc implicated in the pathogenesis of many
diseases like hepatitis, atherosclerosis, cancer, myocardial infarction.
The present work describes the hepatoprotcctivc activity of Borrcria
hispida [BH] and its in-vilro free radical scavenging activity against
DPPH and Nitric oxide free radicals.
Methods Aerial parts of Borrcia hispida was collected, dried,
powedered and extracted with alcohol and concentrated. 36 Albino rats
of either sex (150-200G) were divided in to 5 groups. Group I served as
solvent control and received only 1% Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellose
[SCMC] suspension. Group III and IV received methanolic extract of
BH (1%SCMC Suspension) 200 and 400mg/kg/po respectively, Group
V received Silimarin (I%SCMC Suspension) 25mg/kg/po for seven
days. All the groups except I, received CC14 in Olive oil (1:1)
(3mg/kg/ip) on 3rd and 5th day. On 7th day all the animals were
sacrificed and serum is separated for the estimation of biochemical
parameters. Anti-oxidant activity was studied by in-vitro scavenging of
DPPH and Nitric Oxide free radicals by graded concentrations of BH.
F ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Result The levels of hepatitis marker enzymes such as SGOT. SGPT,
Alkaline Phosphatase are elevated in groups treated only with CC14.
Presentment with Silimarin, BH (200 &400 mg) showed significant
hepato protection. They also exhibit significant scavenging of DPPH
and Nitric oxide free radicals.
Conclusion Aijunolic acid exhibited significant hepatoprotcctive action
and it may be due its free radical scavenging activity.
P-37
oxidation, oxidative stress in the peroxisomes and microsomes might
play an important role in cellular damage during microvesicular
steatosis.
P-39
ANTI-OXIDANTACTIVITYOFGLYCYNHIZAGLABRA LINN,
ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED HEPATO
TOXICITY IN RAT
K. Shahecna.ZiyaunahmanAR, MH Dehghan
INFLUENCE OF A NOVEL SYNTHETIC CURCUM1NOID ON
FIBROTIC MARKERS IN ALCOHOL AND PUFA INDUCED
TOXICITY.
R. Rukkunianiand Venugopal P. Menon
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
Introduction: Hepatic fibrosis is a result of an imbalance between
enhanced matrix synthesis and diminished breakdown of connective
tissue proteins, the net result of which is increased deposition of Extra
cellular matrix (ECM). In this concept matrix mctallo proteinases
(MMPs) and Tissue inhibitors of matrix mctallo proteinases (TIMPs)
play an important role because their activity is largely responsible for
ECM breakdown. In the present study, we have tested the influence of a
novel curcuminoid (BDMC-A) on alcohol and thermally oxidized
sunflower oil (PUFA) induced liver fibrosis.
Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were used for the study. The activities
of MMPs. the levels of TIMPs and collagen were used as biomarkers to
monitor the anti fibrotic effects of BDMC-A.
Results: The levels of collagen and TIMPs were significantly increased
in alcohol, PUFA and alcohol + PUFA groups, which were decreased
significantly on treatment with BDMC-A. The activities of MMPs were
significantly increased in alcohol and PUFA groups and significantly
decreased in alcohol + PUFA group. Treatment with BDMC-A
positively altered the activities of MMPs.
Conclusion: From the results obtained, we could conclude that BDMCA influences hepatic fibrotic markers and effectively protects the liver
against alcohol and PUFA induced toxicity.
M.E.S. Society'sAllanaCollege ofPharmacy, Pune 411001
Introduction: Glycynhiza glabra Linn of the family Fabaccac is a tall
perennial undershurb used medicinally. In this study we present the
antioxidant effect of G glabra on CC14 induced hepatotoxicity in rats,
supported by histopathological evidence.
Methods: Wistar rats of cither sex weighing 200-250 gm were divided
into three groups of six rats each (n=6) Group 1 served as control, which
received the normal feed. Group II & III received CCI40.3 ml/100 gm
body weight s.c. in liquid paraffin (3:1 v/v), twice a week for a period of
2 months. Group III rats, in addition to CC14 received a dose of
lOOOmg/kg body weight/day of G. glabra root powder mixed with the
feed for 2
months. At the end 10% liver homogenate was for the
prepared using tris-HCl buffer (0.1 m pH 7..5) & used estimation of lipid
peroxidation in turns of malondialdehyde & changes in anti-oxidant
status by estimating the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase &
reduced glutathione.
Result: Significant increase (P<0.05) level of malondialdehyde during
CC14 treatemenl as compared to control. Administration of G glabra
together with CC14 resulted in (P<0.05) decrease of malondialegydc in
the liver compared with the corresponding CC14 treated rats compared to
control. Administration of G. glabra along with CC14 restored the
activities of the above antioxidant enzymes to near normal compared to
the corresponding CC14 administrated rats. Histopathological studies
demonstrated degeneration of hepatocytes by CCiJiquid paraffin
compared to controls. Administration of root powder of G. glabra
showed significant improvement.
Conclusions: The herb is potential antioxidant & attenuates the
hepalotoxic effect of CC14 by promoting the lipid per oxidation or by
accelerating the scavening of free radicals.
P-38
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN EXPERIMENTAL LIVER
MICRO VESICULA R STEATOSIS: ROLE OF
MITOCHONDRIAAND PEROXISOMES
N. Sathish kumar.C.E. Eapen, Anna B. Pullimood
and Kunissery..A.Balasubramanian
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Departmcntof Gastrointestinal
sciences
Hepatic microvesicular steatosis is a clinical manifestation seen in a
number of liver diseases. Though the role of mitochondrial B oxidation in
development of the disease has been well studied, information on
peroxisomal function and the role of free radicals in this process is
scarce. This study looked at oxidative stress in hepatic peroxisomes and
microsomes during microvesicular steatosis, using an animal model of
the disease. Rats were given intraperitoneal injection of sodium
valproate (700 mg / kg body weight) to induce microvesicular steatosis,
which was confirmed by histology. Oxidative stress was evident in liver
homogenate after steatosis, accompanied by structural and functional
alterations in hepatic mitochondria. Alterations in lipid composition, as
well as increased lipid peroxidation were also evident in peroxisomes
and microsomes from steatotic rats. All these changes were protected by
administration of the peroxisome proliferalor activator, clofibrate.
These results suggest that in addition to impaired mitochondrial B
P-40
HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTI-OXIDANT
POTENTIAL OF VENTILAGO MADRASPATANA ROOT BARK
EXTRACTS IN RATS
Shanmuganathan.K,
Raju Ilavarasan S.Vcnkataraman, Prabu
Daniel.E. K.Sujith, Chandra Mohan.P
C.L.Baid Mctha College OF Pharmacy, Chcnnai-965
Introduction Indian medicinal plants and many herbal formulations
belonging to the traditional system of medicines have been investigated
as liver protective drugs. The protective effect is analyzed against carbon
tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in rats. Anti-oxidant enzymes such as
superoxide dismutase and catalase serve as a defence mechanism by
converting the active molecules into non-loxic compounds thereby
preventing the lipid peroxidation in body.
Methods Extracts (aqueous and methanolic) of root bark of ventilgo
madraspatana (AEVM, EEVM) WERE prepared after defatting with
petroleum ether. Wistar rats (150-200g) of either sex were used for the
study of experimentally induced hepatitis. The rats were divided into
7groups. The group is treated accordingly I-solvcnt, II-liv-52 (Iml/kg),
III-AEVM (200mg/kg), IV-AEVM (400mg/mg), V-EEVM (200mg/kg),
VI-EEVM (400mg/kg) for 6days. On die 3rd day and the 5th day CC14
(3mVkg). On the 7th day the blood is collected and liver is excised out.
Biochemical parameters were seen in serum and liver. Total protein.
reduced glutathione, super oxide dismutase. GPX. lipid peroxidation,
vitamin C, vitamin E were estimated using liver, GOT, GPT, ALP,
Bilumbin levels were seen in the serum.
Result On statistical evaluation all enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti
oxidants showed significant activity at (p< 0.01) and the marker
enzymes showed significant levels at (p<0.001).
Conclusion The extract possessed potent hcpatoprotective activity and
free radical scavenging property.
for last 15 days. Lipid peroxidation, enzymic and non enzymic
antioxidants, activities of membrane ATPasc and functional marker
enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) were assessed by standard protocols.
Results: After the experimental period, we found decreased levels of
hepatic enzymic and non enzymic antioxidants. Activities of membrane
ATPasc decreased with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation and
scrum aminotransferases and ALP activity. Treatment with lupeol and its
ester decreased lipid peroxidation and brought back the activities of
enzymic, non-enzymic antioxidants and marker enzymes to near normal
values and also restored the membrane ATPasc activities.
P-43
P-41
FERULIC ACID. A NATURAL PROTECTOR AGAINST
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED LIVERTOXICITY
ANTIINFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTIOXIDANT
EFFICACYOFBARLERIALUPULINALINDL
V.Suba, V.Ramarao, R.Kumaravelrajan
M. Srinivasan and Venugopal P. Menon
Department of Pharmacology. Vcls College of Pharmacy, Chennai
Department of Biochemistry. Annamalai Univcrsity.Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
Introduction: Inflammatory diseases arc common throughout the
world. The disadvantages in synthetic drugs lie in their gastric toxicity
and reappearance of symptoms. Therefore development of anti
inflammatory drugs is still in progress. Pain secondary to inflammation
process is the manifestation of inflammatory disorder, its evaluation in
anti-inflammatory agents arc rational. The role of free radicals and free
radical mediated lipid per oxidation as a mechanism of tissue damage in
inflammation and ulccrogenosis is emphasized. So the present
investigation aimed to study analgesic, anti-inflammatory and
antipcroxidative effect of methanolic extract of Barlcria lupulina
(MEBL).
Introduction: Liver fibrosis entails a common and difficult clinical
challenge of worldwide importance. Chronic administration of CC14
causes liver fibrosis. CC1. is activated by cytochrome P-450, resulting in
the formation of trichloromethyl free radical and trichloromethyl
peroxyradical that initiate lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. The
present work is aimed at evaluating the protective effect of ferulic acid on
CC14 induced liver fibrosis.
Methods: Female albino Wistar rats were used for the study. The degree
of liver damage was measured by estimating the activities of liver marker
enzymes. The extent of lipid peroxidation was measured by estimating
the lipid peroxidative indices (TBARS and HP), the antioxidant status
was measured by estimating the activities of enzymic and non-enzymic
antioxidants in plasma, liver and kidney.
Results: The activities of liver marker enzymes [ALT, AST, ALP and
GGT], the lipid peroxidative indices [TBARS, HP, NO and PCO] were
increased and the antioxidant status [SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH] was
decreased in CC14 treated groups when compare to normal. On treatment
with ferulic acid there was a significant decrease in liver marker
enzymes, lipid peroxidative indices and increase in the activities of
enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in the plasma and tissues.
Conclusion: Our results showed that ferulic acid is an effective
protective agent against CC14 induced toxicity.
P-42
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF LUPEOL AND ITS
ESTER DERIVATIVE ON EXPERIMENTAL
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
V.Sudhaliar. S. Ashok kumar, P. Varalakshmi
Department ofMedical Biochemistry',
Dr. ALM. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113.
Introduction: Cholesterol feeding has often been used to elevate serum
or tissue cholesterol levels to study the etiology of
hypercholesterolemia-related metabolic disturbances. In exogenously
produced hypercholcsterolcmic condition, the excessively accumulated
tissue cholesterol in liver exerts oxidative stress. The present study was
undertaken to evaluate the effects of lupeol and its ester, lupeol linoleate
in hypercholcsterolemic male albino Wistar rats.
Methods: Hypercholesterolemia was induced in rats by feeding them
with atherogenic diet (4% cholesterol + 1% cholic acid) for 30 days.
Lupeol and lupeol linoleate was supplemented (50mg/ kg body wt/day)
Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of MEBL (200 and 300
mg/kg i.p) was studied by using the models of carrageenan, serotonin
induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma pouch in rats for
assessing the effect of acute and chronic inflammation respectively. The
analgesic activity of MEBL (200 and 300 mg/kg i.p) was studied using
acetic acid induced writhing test in mice for assessing peripheral
analgesic effect. Invitro anti-oxidant studies were earned out to assess
the efficacy as hydroxyl radical (OH.), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),
superoxide anion and lipid peroxide. The ulcerogenic study of the extract
(300mg/kg) was also performed.
Results: MEBL treated rats showed significant inhibition of
carrageenan and serotonin induced edema volume (P<0.01). It also
exerted significant reduction in granuloma weight (P<0.01) when
compared with indomethacin. The invitro results also showed significant
scavenging of OH. (P<0.01) and decreased lipid peroxide formation
(P<0.01). Acute administration of MEBL did not produce any gastric
lesion in rats.
Conclusions: These results suggest that MEBL exerts analgesic and
anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic inflammation without
ulcerogenic activity. This effect may be probably released to its
antioxidant activity. The present study establishes the analgesic and anti
inflammatory activity of the extract.
P-44
HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF SOY
I SO FLAVONES
Tajdar Husain Khan, Lakshmi Prasad, Tamanna Jahangir & Sarwat
Sultana*
of sGPT, sGOT and alkaline phosphatase have also been noticed. In
combination group Ginseng maintained the liver histo architecture as
normal with highly significant decrease (p< 0.001) in the value of sGOT,
sGPT and alkaline phosphatase level.
Conclusion : Thus Ginseng is found to be protective against cadmium
induced hepatic injury.
Section ol Chemoprevention and Nutrition Toxicology Department of
Medical Elementology and Toxicology Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard
University), Hamdard Nagar New Delhi 110062, India.
Introduction: Chemoprevention of cancer by natural products is an
emerging discipline due to its wider applicability and acceptance. In this
study we assesses the protective effects of soy isollavones (SFI), major
active component in soybean, against carbon tetrachloride-induced
oxidative hepatic damage and tumor response in male wistar rats.
Methods: Estimation of different antioxidant and antioxidant enzymes
was carried out by standard methods. LPO was done by (Wright et al,
1981). Protein content in all samples was estimated by the method of
(Lowry et al. 1951) using bovine serum albumin as standard. ODC was
determined by method of O'Brien et al (1975). The isolation of renal
DNA and incorporation of [ H] thymidine was done by the method of
Smarter al (1986).
Results: CC14 (1:1 v/v in com oil was administered orally at dose of
lml/kg bwt) causes oxidative stress, as shown by depletion in hepatic
glutathione content, activities of hepatic anti-oxidant enzymes, with
enhancement in thio barbituric acid reactive species. CC14 treatment also
induced, SGPT, SGOT and LDH and tumor promotion markers,
however pretreatment of rats with SFI (20 and 40mg/kg body weight,
orally) resulted in a significant decrease in LPO, SGPT, SGOT and LDH
hepatic ODC activity and DNA synthesis (P<0.00I). There was also
significant recovery of hepatic glutathione content (P<0.01), anti
oxidant enzymes and phase-11 metabolizing enzymes (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: Thus, our results evaluate SFI's therapeutic potential
against CCl4-mcdiated hepatic oxidative stress, toxicity, tumor
promotion and subsequent cell proliferation response in Wistar rats.
P-45
ANTIOXIDANT TOLERANCE OF LIVER AFTER CADMIUM
INDUCED HEPATIC INJURIES
R.Shukla A. Sharma & M. Kumar
Cell & Molecular Bio. Lab. Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
P-46
INFLUENCE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS-INDUCED
GASTROINTESTINAL ALTERATIONS ON
PHARMACOKINETICS OFMETFORMIN IN RATS
M. VVanjari, A. There, A. Joharapurkar, C. Chopde, S. Umathc.
Dept, of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagpur University, Nagpur.
Introduction: The gastric emptying, intestinal transit and transport arc
some of the determinants of absorption of any orally administered drug
and oxidative stress has been reported to influence these determinants.
Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent and diabetes has been shown to
generate oxidative stress. Hence, it is proposed to investigate influence
of experimentally-induced oxidative stress on the pharmacokinetic
profile of metformin.
Methods: The oxidative stress was induced in rats by co-joint
administration of ferrous sulphate (FcSO4) and ascorbic acid (ASA)
(250mg/kg i.g. each) for seven days. The Gastric emptying (GE) and
intestinal transit (IT) were assessed by Non-nutrient meal and Charcoal
meal methods, respectively. Vitamin E (100 mg/kg i.g.) was given
simultaneously to substantiate the involvement of oxidative stress and to
study the effect of antioxidant in the same. For pharmacokinetic studies,
blood was withdrawn on different time intervals from 0 to 24 hours,
plasma was separated and levels of metformin were determined by
HPLC.
Results: Co-joint administration of FeSO4 and ASA generated
significant oxidative stress in both stomach and intestine as indicated by
the elevation in lipid peroxidation and reduction in superoxide dismutase
and catalase activities. It has also significantly delayed GE and IT in rats.
This was consistent with significant alteration in pharmacokinetic
profile of metformin as compared to control. Tmax was shifted by 1 hour
with significant reduction in Cmax and area under curve (AUC)0-24
compared to control. Vitamin E treatment attenuated all above
alterations and attributes these alterations to oxidative stress.
Conclusion: Oxidative stress impairs functional abilities of organs like
stomach and intestine leading to delayed emptying and transit that
subsequently alters pharmacokinetic profile ofmetformin.
Introduction : Cadmium toxicity promotes formation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide which may cause cell
membrane damage. Liver, being primary site for biotransfor-mation of
foreign compounds is vulnerable to various chemical assaults. Ginseng
has wide range of pharmacological and therapeutical action. The
pharmacological activity influence antioxidant enzymes and provide
protection against free radical damage. In the present study an attempt
has been made to study the cadmium chloride (CdCl.) induced toxicity in
liver and its possible protection by Panax ginseng.
Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into various groups. Group IA
: Only DDW was given (CdCl, control). Group IB : Tween 80 was given
orally as equal volume to Ginseng extract (Drug control). Group II :
Ginseng root extract (10 mg/kg body wt.) was given orally. Group III :
Cadmium chloride (1 mg/kg body wt.) was given i.p. Group IV: Ginseng
root extract (10 mg/kg body wt.) was given before cadmium chloride
treatment and continued upto 30 days. Histopathological study and liver
function test
in serum such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate
transaminase (sGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (sGPT)
and alkaline phosphatase were done in liver.
Results : Histopathological damage was observed in liver such as
necrosis, pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorhexis in animals of group III as
compared to group JA. Highly significant increase (P < 0.001) in the value
ESTIMATION INDIA
FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN RENAL DISEASES
P-47
LIPIDS AND RENAL OXIDATIVE INJURY: ROLE OF
EICOSAPENTAENOATE-LIPOATE (EPA-LA) DERIVATIVE
S. Ashok Kumar, V.Sudhahar, and P. Varalakshnii
Department of Medical Biochemistry. Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of
Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113.
Introduction: It is well known that dietary cholesterol plays an
important role in development of atherogenesis and renal disease. The
present study explores the lipemic-oxidative injury in the
hypcrcholesterolemic atherogenic animals. Further the effects of
eicosapcntacnoic acid (EPA), DL a- lipoic acid (LA) and
eicosapcntaenoate-lipoatc derivative (EPA-LA) have been tested for
their efficacy in controlling the atherogenic oxidative stress.
Methods: Four groups of male Wistar rats were fed with a high
cholesterol diet (rat chow supplemented with 4% cholesterol and 1%
cholic acid; BCD) for 30 days. Of these groups. 3 groups of rats were
treated with cither EPA (oral gavage. 35 mg/kg body weight /day), LA
(oral gavage. 20 mg/kg body weight /day) or EPA-LA derivative (oral
gavage, 50 mg/kg body weight /day) from 16'h day to 30* day of the
experimental period. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and
antioxidant status were assessed in renal tissue and their scrum were
assessed for activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and
lactate dehydrogenase using standard procedures.
Results: BCD fed rat shows abnormal increase in renal lipid
peroxidation, protein carbonylation as well as elevated activities of
scrum marker enzymes accompanied by a depressed renal enzymic and
nonenzymic antioxidants defence system, These changes were partially
restored to normalcy in the EPA and LA treated groups however, their
combined derivative EPA-LA more effectively restored the altered
parameters to near normalcy (F0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study present the oxidative injury
induced by hypcrcholesterolemic diet. Administration of the
combination treatment of EPA-LA afforded sound protection against the
lipemic-oxidative injury.
P-48
NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
S. R. Meenakshi, RajniAgarwal,
Department of Biochemistry, M.S.Ramaiah Medical College,
Bangalore. India
Introduction:Nitric Oxide(NO), an L-arginine derivative, exerts a
variety of renal and extra renal physiological and pathophysiological
effects. NO regulates glomerular ultrafiltration, tubular reabsorption and
intra renal renin secretion. Impaired NO synthetic pathway could have a
keyrole in modulating the complex renal hemodynamic disorders
associated with progression of renal diseases. This study was carried out
to determine if there are any changes in the levels of NO in patients of
chronic glomerulonephritis, as the disease progresses in conjunction
with poor renal function.
Methods:30 patients of chronic glomerulonephritis who were on
maintenance hemodialysis (MUD) with serum creatinine levels>2.5
mg/dl were included in the study. 30 healthy voluntary blood donors
were taken as controls. NO was estimated by spectrophotometric method
using cadmium reduction. Routine renal function tests like serum urea
and creatinine were performed by standard clinical chemistry
procedures.
Results:Thc serum NO levels were found to be significantly increased
(P<0.001)in chronic glomerulonephritis patients on MHD (9935 mol/l)
as compared to the controls (22 7mol/l).NO output correlated with
scrum creatinine and urea concentration (P<0.001).
Conclusion:ln this study markedly enhanced NO level may be due to
induction of NO synthase which is mainly derived from infilterating
macrophages. Since NO output correlated with serum creatinine and
urea concentration, the higher NO production may indicate insufficient
blood purification. This effect most probably results from a common
effect on their elimination pathway via the renal tract. Alterations of
renal function that are reflected in changes of creatinine concentration
will be accompanied by the changes in scrum NO. Therefore,
determination of NO levels in the peripheral blood may be useful in
assessment of dialysis and as a marker in the follow up and prognosis of
these patients.
P-49
PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF MENTHA PIPERITA AGAINST
ARSENIC INDUCED RENAL DAMAGES IN SWISS ALBINO
MICE
♦Mukesh KumarSharma, Ambika Sharma and Madhu Kumar
♦Department of Zoology. S.N.K.P. Govt. (P.G.) College, Ncem Ka
Thana-332713, Dislt-Sikar, (Rajasthan),
Department of Zoology. University of Rajasthan. Jaipur-302004 (India)
Arsenic compounds arc ubiquitously distributed natural toxicants and
arc considered to be mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic in humans.
Arsenic may be released into the environmental through industrial
processes and through the generation of power from coal. It is also
widely used in agriculture and was formerly used extensively in
medicine. For the general population, exposure to arsenic occurs mainly
through the ingestion of foodstuffs containing inorganic and organic
arsenicals. Exposure of arsenic may induce the formation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals in the body of animals. Excessive
generation of ROS is implicated in many degenerative diseases. Bence
phylochcmicals, which have the propensity to scavenge free radicals,
can effectively be employed to modulate oxidative damage. The present
investigation reports protection against arsenic induced toxicity by
Ment[ia piperita (commonly called. Peppermint; Family- Labiatae)
leaves extract (ME) in Swiss albino mice. Activity of Alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), Acid phosphatase (ACP), Lactate dehydrogenase
(LD1-I), Lipid peroxidation (LPO). and Reduced glutathione (GSH) were
measured in kidney homogenates. The results indicated that there was a
significant increase in LPO content & ACP activity and decrease in GSH,
LDI-I & ALP activity observed following sodium arsenite (4.0 mg/kg
body weight) treatment Whereas, in combined treatment of ME (1.0
gm/kg body weight) with sodium arsenite (4.0 mg/kg body weight), a
significant decrease in LPO content & ACP activity and elevation in
GSH, LDB & A LP activity was observed as compared to sodium arsenite
treated group.
ME extract was also effective in reducing the
pathological alterations in the kidney. Thus the results from the present
study suggest that pre and post treatment of Mentha piperita leaves
extract can significantly protect the renal damage against sodium
arsenite induced toxicity.
P-50
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDATIVE POTENTIAL OF
TERMINALIA CHEIiULA AGAINST Fe-NTA INDUCED RENAL
PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSE ANDTOXICITY
Lakshmi Prasad, Tajdar Husain Khan, Tamanna Jahangir & Sarwat
Sultana*
Section of Chcmoprcvcnlion and Nutrition Toxicology Department of
Medical Elementology and Toxicology Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard
University), Hamdard NagarNew Delhi 110062, India.
Introduction. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species have been
associated with the etiology and or/progression of a number of renal
diseases. Iron complexed nitrilotriacetate (Fc-NTA), which has been
widely used as a polyphosphates in household detergent, is known to
injure kidney through the activity of reactive oxygen species. This study
exp ores the protective effect of Terminalia chebula in abating the toxic
and hyperproliferative response of Fc-NTA in rat kidney.
Methods: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine was estimated by
method of Hare (1950) and Kanter (1975). ODC was determined by
measuring the release ot COTrom DL- [-*’C] ornithine by the method of
O Brien et al (1975). The isolation of renal DNA and incorporation of
[ H1 thymidine was done by the method of Smart et al (1986).
Results: Single ip injection ot Fe-NTA (9mg Fe/kg b.wt) in rats resulted
in induction in ODC (p<0. 001) and increase in ['ll] thymidine
incorporation in renal DNA (p<0. 001) as compared to saline treated
control groups. Parallel to this a sharp increase in BUN (p<0. 001) and
serum Creatinine has been also observed (p<0. 001) Pretreatment with
Terminalia Chebula (5 & lOmg/kg b.wt) ameliorated the Fe-NTA
mediated induction of ODC activity and [H] thymidine incorporation
into DNA in a dose dependent manner. Also a sharp decrease in BUN and
Scnini Creatinine has been observed in a dose dependent manner.
Conclusion: The protective effect of Terminalia chebula against the
toxic insult of Fe-NTA suggests that it is a potent chcmoprcvcntive agent
and may suppress Fe-NTA induced early tumor promotion markers.
P-51
IMPACT OF URSOLIC ACID ON ETHANOL-MEDIATED
OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN RAT KIDNEY
R.Saravanan. K.V. Puga lend i
Department of Biochemistry. Faculty of Science, Annamalai University.
Annamalai Nagar 608 002,Tamilnadu, India
Introduction: Oxidative stress play a vital role in the pathogenesis of
ethanol associated tissue injury, supplementation of antioxidants may
have a protective role in these conditions. Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic
triterpenoid, is a natural antioxidant and its hepatoprotective effect
against ethanol was already evaluated. The objective of this study was to
determine the effect of ursolic acid on alcohol-mcdiatcd toxicity in rat
kidney.
Methods: Adult albino Wistar rats’were used in this study. Ethanol and
ursolic acid were administered (post oral) as aqueous solution using
intragastric tube. At the end of the 60 days of experimental period,
animals were sacrificed and the kidney was used for various estimations.
Statistical analysis was done by one way analysis of variance followed
by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Results: Ethanol administered rats (7.9 g/kg/day for 60 days) exhibited
significant (p<0.05) elevation of plasma urea, uric acid and creatinine
and the lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde and lipid
hydroperoxides in plasma and kidney. The levels of reduced glutathione,
ascorbic acid and 7-tocopherol and the activities of were decreased in
the kidney of alcohol-administcred rats. However, coadministration of
ursolic acid (20 mg/kg for 30 days) along with the daily dose of ethanol
reduced the levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine and lipid peroxidation
markers. The levcls/activities of antioxidants, which were reduced by
alcohol administration, were raised by the coadminislration of ursolic
acid. Histological examinations also confirm the protective effect of
ursolic acid on kidney ofcthanol-administcrcd rats.
Conclusion: Ursolic acid prevents the kidney damage in cthanoladministered rats by decreasing the lipid peroxidation and by enhancing
the levels of endogenous antioxidants
P-52
ROLE OF METHYL GLYOXAL IN ASSOCIATION WITH FREE
RADICAL DAMAGE AND ANTIOXIDANT
STATUS
IN
UREMIA.
S. Mukhopadhyay ',S. Sen, M kar',AK Ghosh
Department of Biochemistry, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and
Hospital, Kolkata 700014,
WB, India
Introductin : Methyl glyoxal, an endogenus dicarbonyl compound, has
been recently found to be accumulated by enzymatic or non-cnzymic
pathway in Diabetes mellitus. It is a common intermediate in Maillard
reaction which reacts with protein to form advanced glycated end
product (AGE ) .AGE plays an important role to accelerate free radical
mediated vascular damage . In our present study we wish to determine
the methyl glyoxal concentration of blood level and total anti oxidant
status in uremic patients as the disease is also associated with vascular
tissue damage.
Materials and Methods : In the present study ,110 patients with high
serum urea level and serum creatinine level above 7.0 mg/dl were
identified from the out patient and inpatient dept, of Medicine. Nilratan
Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata and 41 healthy normal
people served as control over a period of 2 years. Scrum of both patients
and normal people were analyzed for methyl glyoxal level . total
antioxidant status against trolox , NO level and lipid peroxidation by
estimating malon dialdchyde (MDA) level by standard method.
Result: Methyl glyoxal level in uremic patients (creatinine> 7.0 mg/dl
) were found to be highly significant (p<0.01) compared to normal
control ( creatinine < 1.2 mg / dl) . NO level as estimated by Griess
reagent was significantly low . Lipid peroxidation , estimating the level
of MDA was also significantly higher ( p<0.05) associated with low
level of reduced glutathione and low level of anti oxidant status of scrum
estimating against trolox as standard antioxidant.
Conclusion : Increased level of methyl glyoxal associated with poor
level of NO, total antioxidant and glutathione can be correlated with
vascular damage in uremia. Our hypothesis in this regard is increased
level of methyl glyoxal in uremia possibly damage the protein part of
nephronc interacting with it by ncuclcophilic attack and form glycated
protein. Moreover it reduces the antioxidant defence mechanism
utilizing glutathione by glyoxalase system.
P-53
REVERSAL OF Fc-NTA INDUCED RENAL OXIDATIVE
STRESS BY PLUCHEALANCEOLATA(RASNA).
Tamanna Jahangir, Tajdar Husain Khan. Lakshmi Prasad & Sarwat
Sultana*
Section of Chcmoprcvcntion and Nutrition Toxicology Department of
Medical Elcmcntology and Toxicology Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard
University), Hamdard NagarNew Delhi 110062, India.
Introduction: Fc-NTA is known to promote carcinogenesis; acts
through induction of oxidative stress. Earlier investigations have proved
an inverse correlation between the incidence of cancer and intake of
dietary antioxidants and plant phenols. Here we have investigated the
antioxidant properties of Pluchea Lanceolata (PL) against Fe-NTA
induced renal oxidative stress and toxicity.
Methods: Estimation of different antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes
was carried out by standard methods. Levels of MDA formation and
Xanthine Oxidase (XO) was done by (Wright etal, 1981) and (Stripe and
Della Corte, 1969). Protein content in all samples was estimated by the
method of (Lowry cl al, 1951) using bovine scrum albumin as standard.
The level of significance between different groups is based on ANOVA
test, followed by the Dunnctt's t test.
Results: Single i.p injection of Fe-NTA (9mg Fc/kg b.wt) resulted in
significant increase in MDA formation (p<0.001) and XO levels
(p<0.05) with simultaneous depletion of renal catalase activity
(p<0.001) and reduction in renal glutathione (GSH)(p<0.001) and its
dependent enzymes (p<0.001). Prophylactic treatment of PL extract at
doses (100 & 200 mg\Kg bwt.) for seven consecutive days prior to FeNTA administration resulted in modulation of MDA (p<0.00I) and XO
levels (p<0.10 & 0.05) with concomitant attenuation of renal CAT
activity (p<0.001) and restoration of other defence system that is GSH
(p<0.05) and dependent enzymes (p<0.001) compared to treated control
values.
Conclusion: Our data suggests that PL is a chemopreventive tool against
Fe-NTA induced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidants level and by
scavenging free radicals.
P-54
PROTEIN THIOLS AND FREE IRON IN UREMIA
S. Upadhya, M. Prakash
arachidonic acid into different prostanoids and recently it is known to
express in different regions of brain. COX-2 is reported to play an
important role in pathogenesis of various ncurodcgcncrativc disorders
including stroke, seizures. With this background, the aim of the present
study was to see the effect ofCOX-2 inhibitors in restraint stress.
Method: Male Laca mice, weighing 22-30 gm were used in the present
study. Mice were immobilized for 6 hrs each day for total of seven days.
COX-2 inhibitors were administered daily in respective groups before
giving them restraint stress. On S'” day various behavioral and
biochemical parameters were studied.
Results: Pretreatment with rofecoxib (2 mg/kg i.p.) and nimesulide (2.5
mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant protection in restraint stress.
Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic restraint stress significantly
increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels and decreased the reduced
glutathione and adrenal ascorbic acid levels. Behavioral analysis
revealed the hypcriocomotion activity and increased anxious response.
Chronic treatment with COX-2 inhibitors significantly reversed the
restraint stress induced behavioral and biochemical alterations (p0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the result of the present study suggested that
COX-2 plays an important role in chronic stress and the use of COX-2
inhibitors could be a useful neuroprotcctivc strategy in the treatment of
stress.
Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
Introduction: Uremia is generally associated with enhanced oxidative
stress. The oxidative stress may be enhanced by hemodialysis. In the
present study, oxidative stress marker i.e., protein thiols and scrum free
iron levels were estimated in patients with uremia on conservative
management and on patients undergoing hemodialysis for al least one
year. The objective of the study was to correlate free iron levels with
protein thiols and to establish whether the free iron was functioning as an
oxidant and damaging the protein thiol groups.
Methods: The study was performed on controls (n=20), chronic renal
failure (CRF) on conservative management (n=24) and on CRF patients
on hemodialysis (HD) (n=32). The serum protein thiol was estimated
using dithionitrobenzoic acid. Serum free iron (non transferrin bound
iron) was estimated by the bathophenanthroline disulfonate assay.
Results: The free iron levels (ferrous, ferric and total) in HD were
significantly higher than in normal controls and CRF. However, the free
iron levels in CRF and controls were comparable. There was a significant
decrease in protein thiols in the HD and CRF groups compared to
controls. However, there was no significant difference in protein thiols
between CRF and HD. The free iron levels correlated positively with
serum creatinine whereas the protein thiols demonstrated a negative
correlation with serum creatinine. There was a lack of correlation
between free iron and protein thiols.
Conclusion: Iron is released from storage sites and transferrin in patients
on hemodialysis and is present as NTBI in circulation. Free iron and
protein thiols are indicators of extent of renal failure. A lack of
correlation between free iron and protein thiols may indicate that free
iron is not causing oxidative damage to protein thiol groups.
FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
P-55
EFFECT OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 (COX-2) ON RESTRAINT
STRESS INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN DIFFERENT
BEHAVIORALAND BIOCHEMICALPARAMETERS
Ashisli Dhir, Pattipati S Naiduand S.KKulkami
Pharmacology Division
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University.
Chandigarh-160014, India
Introduction: Chronic stress precipitates many neuropsychiatric
disorders and alters the various oxidative stress parameters in brain.
Cyclooxygenase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of
P-56
BRAIN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
IN ACUTE TREATMENT OF 3-NITROPROPIONIC ACIDINDUCED NEUROTOXICITY AS AN ANIMAL MODEL OF
HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE
PK. Bansal, N. Sehgal, SSV, Padi, SN. Pattipati. A. Kumar
Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
Introduction: Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive
neurodegcncrative disorder characterized by progressive dementia and
involuntary abnormal movements. Oxidative stress and associated
neurotoxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of
neurodegcncrative disorder, including HD. Chronic systemic
administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) decreases the levels of
the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and impairs
the oxidative energy metabolism and cognitive functions, and is widely
used as an animal model to study HD. Despite our increasing knowledge
on the 3-NPA-induccd neurotoxicity, the effects of acute administration
3-N PA on these parameters are not known.
Methodology: Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate
the effect of single dose intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg 3-NPA on
oxidative energy metabolism, the role of free radicals mediatedneurotoxicity, involuntary movements, and cognitive decline in rats.
Using Morris water-maze and elevated plus-maze paradigms assessed
cognitive behavior and motor activity was also assessed 24h after 3-NPA
administration. Rats were sacrificed on the same day (24h after 3-NPA
administration) for estimation of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and
oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced
glutathione) in the whole brain after completion of the behavioural task.
Results: A single intraperitoneal injection of 3-NPA in nits showed a
significant increase in MDA levels, decrease in reduced glutathione and
SDH level, and impaired cognitive functions (P<0.05). Besides,
significant involuntary movements such as tremors and head wobbling,
which resemble involuntary choreiform movements in HD patients, were
also observed in rats.
Conclusion: The present findings suggest that acute 3-NPA-induced
neurotoxicity may also be used as a valuable tool for studying
pathogenesis ol HD and to explore neuroprotcctivc and antioxidant
strategics in the prevention of oxidative stress as well as the cognitive
deficits in this model. However further studies with neurochemical and
morphological alterations in the brain arc warranted.
P-57
P-59
STRESS- VITAMIN e, ascorbic acid and
REDUCED GLUTATHIONE STATUS IN SCHIZOPHRENICS
PROANTHOCYANIDIN SUPPLEMENTATION MODULATES
CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM IN ADULT RAT BRAIN
Gora Dadhccch. Sandhya Mishra. Pravecn Sharma & Shiv Gautam*
Jolitha,A.B and Asha Devi, S
Department of Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry*
Lab.Gerontology, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University,
Bangalore 560056, India
S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital. Jaipur, Rajasthan
A disturbance in the antioxidant defense system including vitamin E,
ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione metabolism has been implicated in
Schizophrenia, therefore the changes and role of vitamin E, ascorbic acid
and reduced glutathione levels in blood and their correlation with
oxidative stress were studied. Significantly lower levels of vitamin E
(P<0.01), total ascorbic acid (P<0.01) and glutathione (P<0.01) were
found in Schizophrenics compared to normal. A significant rise in
dehydroascorbic acid (P<0.02) with concomitant fall in reduced ascorbic
acid (P<0.0I) suggests scavenging action of ascorbic acid and its
utilization with increased oxidative stress as indicated by high blood
malondialdehyde levels (P<0.01). Leucocyte ascorbic acid, the most
stable index of ascorbic acid status, as it does not fluctuate with recent
intake, was also found at a lower range in schizophrenia (P<0.01)
suggesting depiction of body stores of ascorbic acid. Thus.
supplementation of these vital antioxidants in schizophrenia may be
beneficial to counteract oxidative stress.
P-58
ROLE OF HOMOCYSTEINE IN AETIOPATHOGENES1S AND
CONTROLOF EPILEPSY
S.K. Handa, S. Prabhakar, S. Majumdar
Department of Neurology and Experimental Medicine, PG1MER.
Chandigarh. India.
Objectives: To find the association of hypcrhomocysteincmia with
i) risk of epilepsy, ii) control of epilepsy, iii) antiepileptic drugs (AED),
iv) multivitamins.
Methods: 100 epilepsy patients aged <70 years, with normal CT scan /
MRJ brain were selected and divided into three groups according to AED
given; Group 1:45 patients on phenytoin or carbamazepine; Group II: 45
patients on valproate; Group III: 10 patients on clobazam. Some patients
were given vitamins (B6, B1:, folatcj.Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy)
levels were measured on the first visit and after 6 months therapy with
AED.
Results: Group2 patients (not on vitamins) showed significant increase
in tHcy (p<0.001) which showed significant fall after adding vitamins
(p=0.017). Group22 patients, (not on vitamins) showed significant
decrease in tHcy (p<0.001) and showed further fall in tHcy after adding
vitamins (% difference of tHcy p=0.033). Group222patients did not show
any significant change in tHcy in patients with or without vitamins.
Patients with different seizure types did not show any variation of tHcy
with respect to one another. tHcy did not show any variation with number
ofseizure recurrence on follow-up or duration and recurrence of seizures
in the pasL
Conclusions: Plasma homocysteine levels increased in Group2 (hepatic
enzyme inducers) and decreased in Group22 (hepatic enzyme inhibitors)
patients. Vitamins significantly decreased tHcy in Groups 2 & 2
2. Group 222 patients did not show any change in tHcy with or without
vitamins. The present study could not find any correlation of tHcy with
type of seizures and past history of seizures. Addition of vitamins did not
change the frequency ofseizures.
Introduction: It is a well known fact that food and health are closely
related. Diet-derived antioxidants [AO] play an important role in
prevention of human disease, especially polyphenols that have a
significant role in disease prevention in vivo.
Methodology: Our investigation aimed at evaluating the changes, if any,
in the cholinergic neurotransmitters as a response to oral
supplementation of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract [PA], in the
regions associated with cognition. The experimental design consisted of
three supplementation groups [n=5], PA„ PA_, and PA, which received a
daily oral PA of25,50 and 75 mg / kg body weight respectively, for a total
period of 45 days. The controls were unsupplcmented. Choline acetyl
transferase [ChAT], acetyl choline [ACh] and choline esterase [AChE]
activities were analyzed in the cerebral cortex [CC], hippocampus [HC],
and cerebellum [CB].
Results: Significant [p <0.05] up-regulation in ChAT activity was
evident in the PA, group as compared to PA, and PA_„ Regional changes
were however insignificant. ACh, a neurotransmitter was found to be
significantly higher [p < 0.05] in PA, animals than the controls and the
other two supplementation groups. AChE activity was lowered in PA,
animals in comparison with other supplemented groups and controls.
Significant regional changes were noticed, with HC and CB exhibiting
higher [p < 0.05] activity than CC
Conclusion: Collectively, our results focus on the ncuromodulatory
effects of PA when administered at a higher dose, wherein an increase in
ACh synthesis was observed with a concomitant decrease in its
hydrolyzing enzyme, AChE. Further, a parallel increase in ChAT
signifies the probable implication of PA supplementation in enhancing
the cognitive abilities with age.
The above research is supported by grant-in-aid by UGC, New Delhi
(F-3 196/2001 SR-II)
P-60
DOES REM SLEEP DEPRIVATION RESULT IN OXIDATIVE
STRESS?
D.C. Mathangi,
Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and
Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600 116
India
Introduction: Free radicals and the resulting oxidative stress have been
implicated as one of the causes for the effects of sleep deprivation like
increased food intake and weight loss. Hence effect of REM sleep
deprivation (REMSD) on brain oxidative stress was investigated in the
current study.
Method: Wistar strain male rats weighing between 150-180g were
deprived of REM sleep using the inverted flower pot technique. The
animals were divided into four subgroups of six animals each based on
the duration of REMSD 24,48,72 and 96 hours. Following the specified
duration of REMSD animals were sacrificed and discrete regions of the
brain, hypothalamus, midbrain, hindbrain and cerebral cortex, were
dissected out for the study of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase
(SOD), catalase (CAT), total reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione
peroxidase (GPX). All these results were compared with REM control
animals as well as cage control animals. The effectiveness of restorative
sleep in returning back these changes, to baseline values were also
investigated by allowing the animals to sleep in their home cages for 12,
TH OXIDANTS - DESTINATION IND
18 and 24 hrs after depriving them of REM sleep for 96hrs. All the
results obtained were analyzed using two way analysis of variance with
time and group as main effects.
Results: REM sleep deprivation resulted in increase in lipid
peroxidation and significant decrease in the levels of the antioxidant
enzymes SOD, CAT and also GSI1 and GPX in all the regions studied.
These changes were also time dependent. All these changes reverts back
to baseline value gradually by 24 hours ofrestorative sleep
Conclusion: This study shows REM sleep deprivation (2411 96h) results
in oxidative stress, which is reversible.
P-61
POSSIBLE ROLE OE FREE RADICALS IN A MODEL OF
NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS WITH CHRONIC
CON STR I CT I ON N E RV E1N J U RY
SSV. Padi, SK. Kulkami
Pharmacology Division. University Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Panjab University. Chandigarh 160014. Indialntroduction;
Neuropathic pain is a common and chronically debilitating condition
characterized by persistent pain, dysthesia, hyperalgesia and allodynia.
Peripheral nerve injury is associated with wallerian degeneration and
significant neuroplastic changes in the spinal cord. It is well known that
free radicals are released during tissue injury and cause oxidative stress.
However, the role of free radicals and resultant oxidative stress is not
known in nerve injury. Thus the present investigated the role of free
radicals in nerve injury and to examine the effects of bioflavonoid,
quercetin on chronic constriction injury to sciatic nerve in rats.
Methodology: The chronic constriction nerve injury was produced by
placing 4 ligatures of chromic gut around the sciatic nerve with I-mm
intervals. Reduced glutathione and (hiobarbituric acid reacting
substances (TBARS). the markers of oxidative stress were measured in
nerve homogenate. Allodynia (heightened response to normally nonnoxious stimuli) and hyperalgesia (decreased threshold to noxious
stimuli) were also evaluated in sham and sciatic nerve injured rats.
Quercetin (10 and 20 mg/kg) was per orally administered 24 h before and
14 days following nerve injury.
Results: Sciatic nene injury in rats significantly increased TBARS, a
marker of tissue lipid peroxidation and decreased reduced glutathione as
compared to sham-operation in rats. In addition, marked allodynia and
hyperalgesia was also observed on day 14 following nerve injury in rats.
Chronic quercetin treatment significantly decreased elevated TBARS
levels and improved reduced glutathione levels. Further, quercetin
treatment was also attenuated the maintenance of allodynia and
hyperalgesia in nerve injured rats.
Conclusion: These results clearly demonstrate the pivotal role of free
radicals and resultant oxidative stress in neuropathic pain following
nerve injury' in rats and suggest to explore antioxidant strategics in the
prevention ofoxidative stress as well as hypersensitivity following nerve
injury.
P-62
NICOTINE OXIDATIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES IN
CNS
Prabu Daniel.E* , Suba.V, Kumaravelrajcn.R
*C.L.Baid Metha College Of Pharmacy, Chennai-96
Vels College Of Pharmacy. Chennai
Introduction: Nicotine has been reported to be therapeutic in some
patients with certain neurodegcncrative diseases and to have
neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. However,
nicotine administration may result in oxidative stress by inducing the
generation of reactive oxygen species in the periphery and central
nervous system. The possibility that nicotine might be used to treat
certain neurodegenerative diseases underlies the necessity to determine
whether nicotine has pro-oxidant, antioxidant or both. The present
investigation addresses this issue.
Materials: The pro-oxidant activity of nicotine is evaluated by
administering nicotine 1.6 mg/kg orally for 10 days. Animals were
sacrificed at the end of the experimental period. The homogenates of
liver, lung and brain was prepared and used for the estimation of lipid
peroxide and antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase
and glutathione peroxidase. The anti-oxidant profile of nicotine is
studied in-vitro model against generation of hydroxyl radical from
hydrogen peroxide and chelation with iron.
Results: Nicotine at the tested dose level showed significant increase in
lipid peroxide and decrease in antioxidant enzyme level (P<0.01). This
indicates its oxidant nature of liver lungs and brain.
Results of in-vitro experiments showed significant metal chelating
(P<0.01) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (P<0.01).
Conclusions: Our present investigation suggests that under certain
circumstances nicotine induce oxidative stress. Though in-vitro studies
showed antioxidant properties it was not found in-vivo. Therefore, it
may be possible to suggest that the neuroprotective property of nicotine
could be by another mechanism other than via. Antioxidant mechanism
P-63
ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN THE EXPERIMENTAL MODELS
OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Sarika Singh and M Dikshit
Central Drug Research Institute
Parkinson's disease (PD), a severe and progressive neurodegcncrative
disorder is caused by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of
nigrostriatal pathway. Recent studies attribute the cell loss in substantia
nigra to oxidative stress, cxcitotoxicily and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Nitric oxide (NO) a free radical, normally acts as a neuronal messenger.
however, excessive production of NO cause neuronal death. nNOS
positive neurons arc found in the human and rat SN, while iNOS was
found to be expressed in PD patients. NO thus seems to mediate an
important role in neurodegeneration. Present study was undertaken to
evaluate the role of O in 6-hydroxydopaminc (6-OHDA) or
lipopolysacchride (LPS) inducedeurodegcneration, which was injected
in the rat right striatum and substantia nigra. Involvement of NO was
investigated by iNOS expression as well as by measuring NO
metabolite, nitrite. Lesion positive animals exhibited amphetamineinduced rotations, increased iNOS expression and nitrite levels at 24,48
and 72 hrs after LPS or 6-OHDA administration. While TH
immunolabeling was reduced in a time dependent manner, which
correlated inversely with the increase in iNOS staining. Rats pretreated
with Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 30mg/kg) were protected
from 6-0 H DA or LPS induced neurodegeneration. Results obtained thus
suggest that NO seems to have a detrimental role in 6-OHDA and LPS
induced neurodegeneration.
125,
P-64
EFFECT OF CARVED1LOL ON OXIDATIVE STRESSRELATED NEUROTOXICITY AND COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT IN A RAT MODEL OF HUNTINGTON'S
DISEASE
N-.Se.hgaL PK. Bansal, SSV. Padi,A. Kumar, SN. Pattipati
Pharmacology Division. University Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
Introduction: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegcncrativc
disorder characterized by abnormal movements and cognitive decline. 3Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is known to induce cellular energy deficit
and oxidative stress related-neurotoxicity via an irreversible inhibition
of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). 3-NPA
toxicity has gained as an animal model of HD. Therefore; the present
study was designed to investigate effects of carvcdilol (CVD), a thirdgeneration beta-blocker with potent free radical-scavenging activity and
curcumin (CMN) on 3-NPA-induced-oxidative stress and resultant
cognitive impairment in a rat model of HD.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally administered 3-NPA
(40 mg/kg), four days after oral administration of CVD (5 and 10 mg/kg)
and CMN (20 and 40 mg/kg). Cognitive behaviour tasks were assessed
by using Morris water-maze and elevated plus-maze paradigms and
motor activity by actophotometer 24h after 3-NPA administration. Rats
were sacrificed on the same day (24h after 3-NPA administration) for
estimation of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and oxidative stress
parameters (Malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione) in the
whole brain immediately after completion of the behavioural tasks.
Results: Intraperitoneally administered 3-NPA caused a significant rise
in MDA level and decrease in reduced glutathione and SDH. Unlike
CMN (20 and 40 mg/kg), oral administration of carvcdilol (5 and 10
mg/kg) significantly reversed the decrease in reduced glutathione level
(P<0.05). However changes in lipid peroxidation levels were not
significant in both the drugs (CVD and CMN) treatments as compared to
control. Besides, both the drugs treatment significantly improved the
cognitive performance tasks (moris water maze and plus maze) as well as
motor activity in rats administered with 3-NPA. However, the decrease
in SDH activity was unaltered by both CVD and CMN pretrealment.
Conclusion: The present findings indicate that pretreatment with
carvedilol, but not curcumin, is effective in preventing 3-NP/X induced
oxidative stress as well as cognitive deficits in rats. Based on the above
observations, further studies arc warranted in chronic 3-NPA-induced
JEW OF ANTIOXIDAH fS -
OM ?
Date: 11th January 2005
Time:
1430-1600 H
Chairpersons: Rajni Agarwal India
Parameswaran Australia
FREE RADICALSAND A^TIOXIDANTSIN CANCER
P-65
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM
LINN NUT EXTRACT ON MITOCHONDRIAL TCA CYCLE
AND RESPIRATORY CHAIN ENZYMES IN MAMMARY
CARCINOMA RATS
GArathi AND P. Sachdanandam
Dr. A.L.Mudaliar post Graduate Institute Of
Basic MedicaL Sciences, Department Of Medical Biochemistry,
University of Madras. Taramani campus,
Chennai- 600113. India
Introduction- Breast cancer is a life threatening disease confronting
female population worldwide. Approximately 80% of the world's
population rely on the use of traditional medicine which is
predominantly based on plant materials. Semecarpus anacardium Linn
of the family "anacardiaceae’* has many applications in the Ayurvedic
and Siddha systems ofmedicine
Materials and Methods- Mammary Carcinoma was induced with
7,12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracnc (25 mg) dissolved in 1 ml of olive oil,
into eight weeks old rats through gastric intubation for a period of three
months. Treatment was started orally with Semecarpus anacardium nut
extract (200 mgzkg body weight) dissolved in olive oil and continued for
fourteen days daily. The activities of mitochondrial TCA cycle enzymes
and respiratory chain enzymes in mammary carcinoma animals were
studied..
Results- A significant decrease in the activities of the mitochondrial
TCA cycle enzymes viz isocitralc dehydrogenase, ?- kctoglutarate
dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase
(p<0.001)and respiratory* chain enzymes such as NADH dehydrogenase
and Cytochromc-c-oxidase (p<0.01)werc observed
in mammary
carcinoma bearing (Group II) animals when compared to normal control
animals ( Group I). Semecarpus anacardium nut extract administration
increased the activities of TCA cycle enzymes (p<0.001), Respiratory
chain enzymes (p<0.05) when compared to diseased (Group II)
animals. Non-significant variations were observed in drug control
(Group IV) animals when compared to normal control animals (Group
.
I)
Conclusion-In the present study, decreased activities of TCA cycle
enzymes suggest a loss in mitochondrial function and integrity. Upon
administration of Semecarpus anacardium nut extract the activity of
mitochondrial enzymes were increased suggesting the role of
Semecarpus anacardium in mitochondrial energy production and also
shows the antitumour and anticancer effect of the drug.
P-66
REGULATORY ROLE OF ROS AND RNS IN EXPRESSION OF
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR API IN BREAST CANCER
J. Bhattacharjee and M.L. Sherpa
Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New
Delhi.
Background: Reactive oxygen species such as superoxide (O2),
hydrogen peroxide (H.OJ, hydroxyl radical (OH) and reactive nitrogen
species (RNS) like nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO ) have been
shown to play a significant role in mutagenesis and tumorogencsis. API
is a composite transcription factor (activator protein). It is a homo or
heterodimer DNA binding protein composed of either 2-jun family
members (c-jun, jun-B. jun D) or one jun and one fos family protein (cfos, fos B. fra 1. fra2). ROS and RNS have been shown to induce c-fos
and c-jun oncoproteins, which can lead to carcinogenesis.
Aim: To study nitric oxide and scavenger enzymes in one hand and cfos& c-jun expression on other hand in breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: 25 women with breast cancer were taken to
evaluate the blood levels for oxidative damage markers and antioxidants
(like MDA, NO, GSH, GPx and SOD) and cancerous breast tissue to
evaluate the level of expression of transcription factors c-fos and cjun.25 age and sex matched healthy women without any breast disease
served as control for the study of blood parameters. Tumor free adjacent
healthy breast tissue from masteclomised breast of 25 breast cancer
patients of study group and healthy breast tissue from 5 benign breast
disease patients served as control for the study of transcription factors cfos and c-jun.
Results: The mean serum levels of NO were higher in study group than
controls (p=0.013). A comparison between the study and control group
showed higher levels of MDA in the study group (p=0.064). The
difference between the mean values of GSH in the study group and the
control group was also statistically significant (p=0.042). The SOD and
GPx levels showed no statistically significant difference between the
two groups. The expression of c-fos and c-jun in the cancer patients
ranged from high to very high, whereas the expression of c-fos and c-jun
in the control group ranged from nil to moderate (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The increased levels of nitric oxide and glutathione in the
blood of patients and the high levels of expression of c-fos and c-jun may
further lend credence to the fact (hat transcription factors arc redox
regulated. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of AP-1 needs to
be defined before we can think of using redox status to study the
expression of this transcription factor.
P-67
LIPID PEROXIDATION IN CANCER
M. Jaiprakash Babu. CH.Ratnakumar, V.Sriramulu
Department of Biochemistry, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada533 008
Introduction In recent years, free radicals have been implicated in the
cancer process and some cancer causing factors have been thought to
involve a scries of stages generating free radicals particularly those of
molecular oxygen. Protection ofcellular structures from damage by free
radicals can be accomplished through enzymatic and non enzymatic
defense mechanisms. An increase of activated forms of molecular
oxygen such as super oxide , hydro peroxide, hydrogen peroxide etc..
due to over production or inability to destroy them, may lead to severe
damage to cellular structures. Highly reactive oxygen species and free
radical nduced damage and are implicated in carcinogenic processes
Methods: In the present study 60 cancer patients ( 19 males and 41
females) of different organs, admitted in the cancer ward of Govt.
General Hospital, Kakinada. Out of these,23 patients had cancer cervix,
13 had breast cancer, 19 had Oropharyngial cancer and 5 had
genitourinary cancer. 30 healthy individuals served as controls. Plasma
lipid peroxides estimated as malondialdehyde by using TBA method.
Ascorbic acid was estimated by the Dinitro phenyl hydrazine method.
Results Table showing the SD and 'P' values of MDA and Vit. C in
Controls vs various Cancer cases studied
STUDY GROUP
MDA(nmol/dl)
Vit.C(mgZdl)
Controls
265 ±56.4 -
0.94 ±0.2 -
Ca.ccrvix
522 ±258 <0.001
1.0 ±0.94NS
Ca.Breast
429 ±148 <0.001
0.5 ±0.29< 0.001
Ca.Oropharyngeal
482 ±166 <0.001
_0.7±0.3 <0.002
5 nN AT
Conclusions: Lipid peroxidation
has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of various diseases and cancers in the present study the
lipid peroxidation as expressed by serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) is
significantly higher in Ca. Breast ( P<0.001). in Ca Cervix ( P<0.001)
and in Oropharyngeal cancer ( P<0.001) in comparison to the control
group.
Vitamin C may protect cell against carcinogenesis through several
mechanisms in addition to DNA oxidation. Lower Vit C levels were
observed in Oropharyngeal cancers ( P<0.002) and in Ca. Breast (
P<0.001) in comparison with control group.
P-68
CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECT OF GINGER ON
CIRCULATORY LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT
STATUS IN 1.2- DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED COLON
CANCER.
Manju. Vand Nalini. N
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Introduction: The present study was designed to investigate the
chemopreventive efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose), a
naturally occuring dietary component with antioxidant and
anticarcinogenic properties, during the initiation and
promotion/progression stages of 1,2-dimcthyl hydrazine (DMH)
induced colon carcinogenesis in male wistar rats.
Materials and methods: Rats were given a weekly subcutaneous
injection of DMH (20 mg/kg body weight) a known colon carcinogen, in
the groin for 15 weeks. Ginger (50 mg/kg body weight) was given at the
initiation and also the promotion/progression stages of carcinogenesis to
DMH treated rats. The animals were sacrificed al the end of 30 weeks.
Results: The incidence of cancer as well as the number of tumors in the
colon was significantly reduced on treatment with ginger as compared to
the unsupplemented DMH treated rats. In the presence of DMH the
levels of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbutiric acid reactive substances, lipid
hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes were significantly increased
whereas enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione
peroxidase, glutathione-S-transfcrase and glutathione reductase) and
non-cnzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E,
and -carotene) were significantly decreased as compared to control rats.
On treatment with ginger (50 mg/kg body weight) at the initiation stage
and also at the promotion/progression stages of carcinogenesis a
significantly reduced circulating lipid peroxidation and significantly
elevated the enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were observed in
the circulation of DMH treated rats as compared to unsupplcmentcd
DMH-lreated rats.
Conclusion: Our results show that ginger supplementation significantly
inhibits colon carcinogenesis induced by the procarcinogen DM H.
P-69
.SERUM GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE IN ORAL
CANCER
Methods: 27 biopsy proven cases of cancer of oral cavity in various
stages were chosen as cases and 10 healthy age and sex matched persons
were taken as controls. Blood was taken after obtaining informed
consent using aseptic precautions. Scrum GST was estimated before the
start of any definitive treatment by the method of Habig ct al. The cases
(n=l 8) were followed up for two years after the completion of treatment
to assess recurrence. GST values were expressed in international
units/litcr.
Results: GST level between case and control group did not show any
significant change. However among the cases there was a direct
correlation between GST level and severity of cases. The increase of
GST from stage 2 to stage 4 was highly significant (p 0.001). Out of the
cases which were followed up for two years, 13 cases had recurrence of
disease within two years.
Conclusion: Scrum GST level was proportional to severity of oral
cancer. However the relationship between GST level and recurrence
could not be commented upon because sample size was small.
P-70
ACTIV1TIES OF ENZYMES OF RESPIRATORY BURST IN THE
NEUTROPHILS FROM
ORAL CANCER PATIENTS
SUBJECTED TO RADIOTHERAPY
Reshina K. A.V.Rao. Vasudevan D.M.,
Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Basic Sciences, Kasturba
Medical College, Mangalore
Normal neutrophils respond to foreign stimulus by undergoing
'respiratory burst' which involves a several fold increase in the activities
of enzymes related to O/ generation.. Cancer is a pathological condition
wherein neutropenia remains the factor most frequently predisposing to
infections,caused due to myclosuppressivc radiotherapy.Enhancement
of superoxide anion production and protein levels in granulocytes
leading to haemopoietic injury has been reported with a single dose of (5
grays) total body irradiation of mice.Howcvcr little data is available
regarding relevant studies
in the granulocytes of cancer
patienls.Thcreforc we sought to determine the possible occurrence of
alterations in the activities of respiratory burst enzymes in cancer
patients who were on radiation treatment. 17 hospitalised patients with
cancers of oral cavity and oropharynx were selected for the study.
The neutrophils of these patients were analysed for the activities of
NADPHoxidase,Mycloperoxidasc(MPO),Glutathioncperoxidase(GSH
PX),Glucose 6phosphatc,dehydrogcnasc(G6PD),Superoxidedismutase
(SOD),andGlutathione (GSH) in the baseline as well as 2 follow up
samples following radiotherapy, al 15 days and 30 days respectively. 25
age and sex matched normal persons served as controls. An apparent
decrease was observed in the activity of NADPH oxidase in baseline
samples as well as samples obtained following radiotherapy„compared
to controls. No significant changes were observed with regard to other
enzyme activities. However a significant increase in SOD was observed
in the second follow up obtained after radiation,compared to baeline
values.A suppression of superoxide producing enzyme in cancer
suggests a very poor immune response of neutrophils in cancer patients
which is in agreement with the literature. An increase in SOD activity
following radiation is suggestive of an induction of this enzyme by
radiation to detoxify the superoxide, targeted towards the cancer cells by
way of radiation.
K.Prabhu.GBhat and D.M. Vasudevan
Dept ofBiochemistry Kasturba Medical College Manipal 576104,
Amritha Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin 682026
Introduction: Free radical induced damage and the role of free radical
scavenging enzymes have been linked with various epithelial
malignancies including oral cancer. We estimated scrum total
glutathione-s-transferasc (GST) in various stages of oral cancer and
followed up these cases for two years to ascertain whether GST can
indicate the severity of disease and chances of recurrence.
IOXIDAN fS" DEy IINA1 ION
•
I
128
a
S.Sivalokanathan, M.llayaraja and M RBalasubramanian
Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology,
LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN
PATIENTS WITH PAPILLARYTHYROID CARCINOMA
N.Senthil, S. Manoharan
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,
Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002.
'
Tamil Nadu, India.
I® -
J
__
;
—'
.
g
----
I
jrjn,
(I (ill
■
Conclusion : Impairment in antioxidant defense mechanisms arc
responsible for enhanced lipid peroxidation observed in plasma and
erythrocytes of papillary thyroid cancer patients.
I
P-72
Results : An increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation products.
decrease in non-enzymalic antioxidants levels and enzymatic
antioxidant activities in plasma and erythrocytes were delected in
papillary thyroid cancer patients as compared to healthy subjects.
j" _.
1
Conclusion: The reversal ofglycoprotcin levels to almost normal in the
T.aijuna treated animals may be due to the alteration in cell membrane
glycoprotein synthesis and leads to regression ofcanccr.
1
Introduction : Thyroid cancer, the most common endocrine cancer, is a
cancerous tumour or growth located within the thyroid gland The annual
incidance rate of thyroid carcinoma varies from 0.5 to 10 cases per
100,000 in different parts of the world, papillary carcinoma and
follicular carcinoma arc the most common types respectively accounting
for about 70% and I5%ofcascs
Method : The levels of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) noncnzymatic antioxidants and enzymatic antioxidants activity were
investigated in plasma and erythrocytes of twenty clinically diagnosed
stage III papillary thyroid cancer patients and an equal number of age
and sex matched healthy subjects, using specific colorimetric methods.
MODULATORY EFFECT OF RESVERATROL ON COLONIC
MUCOSAL LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT
STATUS IN 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED COLON
CARCINOGENESIS
.
Result: A significant increase in the level of Hexose, Hexosamine and
Sialic acids were observed in serum and liver of cancer bearing animals
(P<0.001).
In kidney of cancer bearing animals the levels of
glycoproteins were increased (Hexose P<0.001; Hexosaminc and Sialic
acids P<0.01) were increased. These enzymes levels were normalized in
T.aijuna treated animals.
P-73
,
Methods: Single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylaminc
(200 mg/kg body weight) followed by Phenobarbitol (0.05%) were
administrated to induce liver cancer. After the induction period animals
were treated with ethanolic extract of T.arjuna orally at a concentration
of 400mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Scrum, liver and kidney samples
were collected. Glycoproteins such as Hexose, Hexosaminc and Sialic
acids were assyed by standard methods.
i
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most
frequently occurring malignancy in developing countries. Even though
chemotherapeutic agents like mitomycin, adriamycin and cisplatinum
arc effective against liver cancer, most of them arc produce cytotoxic and
side effects. Therefore, there is a need of alternatives for the cure of
hepatic cancer. In this context, many research work have been carried out
from the natural sources for cure of human diseases, particularly to
cancer. Therefore we studied the efficacy of Tcrminalia arjuna on
glycoprotein levels on DEN induced liver cancer in rats.
4
University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India,
Conclusion Administration of resveratrol to rats prevented the adverse
effects of DMH on colonic mucosal cells by optimizing lipid
peroxidation and the antioxidant status.
I
Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
i 11
MODULATORY EFFECT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA ON
GLYCOPROTEIN LEVELS ON DIETHYLNIROSAMINE
INDUCED LIVER CANCER IN RATS
Results DMH induction reduces the levels of colonic mucosal lipid
peroxidation markers (TBARS, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated
dienes), enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT) and non-enzymte
antioxidants (GSH, -tocopherol, ascorbic acid) as compared to con ro
and resveratrol alone supplemented animals (P<0.005). Resveratrol
supplementation tn the promotion/progrcssion period restores the levels
ofTB ARS and antioxidant levels to near those of the control rats.
,
P-71
:
■CTTl
JLJ’.l
M. Sengottuvelan and N. Nalini
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar- 608 002,1 ndia.
■
1
Shalini Shukla, Pnli Saraswat and Ashok Kumar
Canccrand Radiation Biology Laboratory.
Uit
Department of Zoology. University of Rajasthan. Jaipur-302004. India
r.
!
II
In the present study we have studied the chemoprcvcntive activity of
menthol, in two stage skin papilloma model using 7 12, Dimethyl benz
(a) anthracene (DMBA) and croton oil. For forestomach cancer model
we have used Benzo (a) pyrene for the induction of tumor.
Ul.
■
Several studies suggest that naturally occurring nutritive and non
nutritive components of the diet arc important dietary constituents
playing a significant role in the inhibition of tumor induction. Menthol, a
major constituent of peppermint oil, is being used as an stimulant, tonic,
vermifuge, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, stomachic, carminative,
antiviral, antifungal, anlibactertcidal.
■
.
Methods Rats were divided into 4 groups at six weeks of age. Group 1
(CON)-served as control, Group 2 (CON+RES)-rcccived resveratrol
(8mg/kg body weight orally everyday) for 30 weeks. Group 3 (DMH)received DMH injections (20mg/kg body weight s.c., once a week for 15
consecutive weeks). Group 4 (DMH-i-RES)-rcceived resveratrol
(8mg/kg body weight orally) after the last injection and continued till the
end ofthe experiment. At the end of30 weeks the animals were sacrificed
and the proximal and distal colonic mucosal lipid peroxidation and
antioxidants were analysed.
CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFICACYOFMENTHOL
■
Introduction Colon cancer is the second most frequent cause ofcanccr
mortality in the United Stales and the third most common cancer
worldwide. Recently, the progressive spread of western dietary habits
has been paralleled by an increase in colon cancer in developing
countries. Plant phytochemicals (biological active, non nutritive
compounds) are receiving considerable attention for their potential role
in reducing cancer risk. This study examines the modulatory effect of
resveratrol on colonic mucosal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status
in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon carcinogenesis.
In the the skin papilloma model, menthol (600 mg/kg body weight)
treated mice during pre, peri and post initiation phases showed
significant reduction in number, incidence and size of tumor
I
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINA1
3
(papilloma). There was increase in the latency period in menthol treated
group. Menthol treated animals showed a significant increase in the
hepatic level of Reduced Glutathione (GSH) and decrease in hepatic
level of Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) as compared to control group. In
conclusion, our results provide evidence that the menthol exhibits a
chcmopreventivc action by stimulating antioxidant potential of the cell.
Studies on Forestomach tumor model is in progress.
P-75
ETIOLOGY. PREVENTION AND CL1NICALTREATMENT OF
CERVICALCANCER IN RAJASTHAN
radiation.
Results: The highest radiosensitizing activity of BCI was observed at 6
mg/kg b. wt. Treatment of animals with 6 mg/kg b. wt. BCI. before
exposure to 6 Gy of hemi-body gamma irradiation and then once daily
for another six consecutive days post-irradiation increased the life span
of EAC mice as is evident by more number of long term survivors (LTS)
as well as survivors beyond 120 days when compared to double distilled
water treated irradiation group. BCI treatment caused a decline in the
glutathione and glutathione-S-transfcrasc contents accompanied by an
elevation irt lipid peroxidation.
Conclusions: The radiosensitization by BCI may be due to depletion of
glutathione and glutathione S- transferase, accompanied by elevated
levels of lipid peroxidation and induction of DN A damage in tumor cells.
N.Sharma, A. Kumar, and A. Bhargav,
Department ofZoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur
P-77
Introduction: Gynecological malignancies represent approximately
13% cancer in women and accounts for 9.8% of all cancer deaths. Work
has already been done to prove the chemo preventive efficacy of
spirulina in oral cancer patients, as well as to chemo prevent chemically
induced skin papillomagcnesis in mice. We sought to determine the
treatment of pre-invasive cervical cancer patients with spirulina by
screening them with papnicolaou smear, before the onset of invasive
cervical carcinoma.
Methods: 78 females above the age of 35, with eroded cervix were
identified with pre-cancerous lesions in Zanana hospital who were
questioned about their habits, habitat, dietary habits, economic status,
reproductive history and other related conditions. The females were
divided into 2 groups, the first group with eroded cervix was treated with
spirulina and the patients of both the groups were screened at 4 to 6
month intervals for 2 years annually thereafter.
Results: The sensitivity or probability of detection as well as the
predictive value positive is found to be 13.33%. High positive predictive
value (i.e., >10%) is likely to result when the Pap smear yields a high
proportion of true positives or is associated with high prevalence of preclinical disease. It was
also observed that no dysplastic changes occurred in the group treated
w'Wh spirulina than as found in the other untreated group
Conclusions: It is a public health procedure intended to identify women
with C1N before invasive cervical cancer develops. In addition, the
procedure may identify women in whom invasive cervical cancer has
already developed as well as certain diseases also to reduce the morbidity
and mortality from a particular cancer among the person.
P-76
BERBERINE CHLORIDE ENHANCES RADIATION
RESPONSE IN MICE BEARING EHRLICH ASCITES
CARCINOMA
Shaival Kamalaksha Rao and Gancsh Chandra Jagetia
Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576
104.
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiation
sensitizing effect of berberine chloride (BCI) an isoquinoline alkaloid, in
mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC).
EFFECT OF GALLIUM NITRATE ON TAMOXIFEN TREATED
BREAST CANCER RELATED HYPERCALCEMIA WITH
REFERENCETO CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN RATS
D. Sugapriya, P. Sachdanandam and P. Shanthi
Dr. A.L.Mudaliar Post- Graduate
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
University ofMadras, Taramani Campus,
Chennai- 600113. India
Introduction In breast cancer related hypercalcemia, serum calcium.
urinary calcium, the index of bone resorption alkaline phosphatase and
magnesium levels were tremendously elevated in their blood due to its
metastatic bone destruction. It is also one among the side effects of
tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal anticstrogcn, been approved for use in
advanced breast cancer. We sought to nullify the tamoxifen-induced
hypercalcemia using gallium nitrate.
Methods Experimental groups I: Control, II. Hypercalcemia rats from
tumour, (induced with 7,12 dimethyl benzanthracene (25mg/ml)
dissolved in sesame oil and given by gastric intubation), 111.
Hypercalcemia rat treated with Tamoxifen, [(lOmg/kg) in ethanol
subcutaneously for 30 days] IV. Group III treated with gallium nitrate
[(2.5mg/kg) by intravenous infusion for 7 days], V.Control with gallium
nitrate. Calcium level, alkaline phosphatase and magnesium levels were
analysed in scrum, kidney and liver (homogenates) using Calcium kit
from Mcnarini Diagnosis-ltaly, King (1965) using a Photochem
colorimeter and Magnesium kit from Mcnarini Diagnosis-ltaly,
respectively.
Result Group II animals showed increase in calcium, alkaline
phosphatase and magnesium levels (p<0.001). After treatment with
tamoxifen (Group III), there was a significant rise in the calcium where
as, alkaline phosphatase and magnesium levels were reduced. On
administration of gallium nitrate in-group IV animals, the levels of
calcium, alkaline phosphatase and magnesium were reverted to near
normal and no marked changes were observed in drug control group
when compared to control animals.
Conclusion Upon treatment with gallium nitrate, the calcium; alkaline
phosphatase and magnesium levels were normalised. From the above
observation, it can be accepted that gallium nitrate is a very potent and
effective drug for hypercalcemia and it is found to nullify the iatrogenic
effects oftamoxifen.
Methods: EAC mice were given 0, 2,4, 6,8, 10 or 12 mg/kg b. wt. BC1
intraperitoneally before exposure to 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy Co60 gamma
radiation to select the optimum dose. EAC mice were administered 6
mg/kg b. wt. BC1 using various treatment modalities. The animals were
monitored up to 120 days post-irradiation and survival was assessed
using median survival time (MST) and average survival time (AST).
Glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase and lipid peroxidation were
assessed in EAC cells treated with 6 mg/kg BCI before exposure to 6 Gy
RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESHNAOUH iiNLW;
P-78
EFFECT OF KALPAAMRUTHAA ON LIPID PEROXIDATION
AND ENZYMIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN
DMBA INDUCED MAMMARY CARCINOMA
K. Veen a and P. Sachdanandam
Department of Medical Biochemistry'.
Dr.A.L.Mudaliar Post-Graduate institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
University of Madras. Taramani Campus, Chennai-600113, India.
Introduction: Free radicals are known to be involved in carcinogenesis.
There arc potentially different types of chemical changes in DNA
resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) that could be mutagenic
and involved in the etiology of cancer. The antioxidants (ROS
scavengers) require the activation of specific metabolic pathways and
investment of energy. The effect of Kalpaamruthaa (KA), a herbal
formulation on breast cancer was studied for gaining insight into the
intrigue disease in relation to lipid peroxidation (LPO) and enzymic
antioxidant enzymes.
Methods: Mammary carcinoma was induced by administration of 25mg
of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to Sprague-Dawley rats by gastric
intubation. After 90 days. KA was administered at 300mg/kg body
weight/day for 14 days. After the treatment, the levels of LPO and
enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase. Catalase, Glutathione
peroxidase, Glutathione-S-transferasc) in liver, kidney, breast tissue and
erythrocytes ofcontrol and experimental animals were measured.
Results: The level of LPO in mammary carcinoma bearing animals was
found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased and the levels of all the
enzymic antioxidants were significantly (p<0.05) decreased when
compared to control animals. On drug administration, the above
pathological changes were reverted to near normal levels. No significant
changes were observed in drug control animals when compared to
control animals.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that KA possesses a strong
antioxidant property and could be considered a good therapeutic agent
for mammary carcinoma.
FREE RADICALS AND
ANTIOXIDANTS INFECTIOUS DISEASESAND IMMUNITY
P-79
MEASUREMENT AND SIGNIFICANCE
3-NITROTYROSINE IN SLE PATIENTS
OF
Fozia Khan and Rashid Ali
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,
A.M.U.,Aligarh 202002
Introduction; Humans are exposed to a whole range of reactive nitrogen
intermediates (RNS) such as nitric oxide, nitrates, nitrites, pcroxynitrite
and nitrogen oxides. 3-Nitrotyrosine has been identified as a stable end
product and marker of inflammation and increased NO production.
Elevated nitrotyrosine levels have been detected in many disease
conditions including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which is a
prototype autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of
autoantibodies to a variety of nuclear antigens as well as protein antigens
and protein-nucleic acid complexes. In this study we show that the level
of 3-nitrotyrosine, which can be produced by nitric oxide dependent
oxidative damage is elevated in patients with SLE and that there is a
possible role of nitric oxide modified epitopes in the etiology of the
disease.
Methods; Commercially available poly L-tyrosine was exposed to nitric
oxide generated by sodium nitrite in acidic medium. The nitrated product
was then analyzed by various physico-chemical techniques. Sera from
24 SLE patients were studied for their recognition of native and nitrated
poly L-tyrosine by direct binding and inhibition ELISA. 3-nitrotyrosine
was also delected by western blot analysis, separation of 3-nitrotyrosine
was achieved by HPLC, and the concentration was calculated in SLE
patients.
Results; The UV absorption spectra of nitrated poly L-tyrosine showed a
peak shift and hypochromicity of 25% at 280 nm. Another peak was
observed at a wavelength of 419 nm, which is a characteristic of 3nitrotyrosinc. Fluorescence studies confirmed the modification to
thcaromatic ring of tyrosine. The possible role of nitric oxide in SLE was
probed by evaluating the binding of 24 SLE sera to native and nitrated
poly L-tyrosine. All the twenty-four SLE sera showed stronger binding
to nitrated poly L-tyrosinc as compared to native form. Elevated levels
of 3-nitrotyrosine was seen in all the cases of SLE patients tested,
whereas no nitrotyrosine was detected in the case of normal human
scrum pool. The average concentration of 3-nitrotyrosine in SLE
patients was found to be 1.02 ± 0.59.
Conclusions; Poly L-tyrosinc exposed to nitric oxide resulted in the
formation of 3-nitrotyrosinc. Elevated level of 3-nitrotyrosinc was seen
in SLE patients when compared to healthy subjects This data confirms
the overproduction of NO in the pathogenesis of human SLE and
highlight scrum 3-nitrotyrosinc as a new tool for studying the role of
nitric oxide in SLE.
P-80
EFFECT OF VITAMIN C ON ANTIOXIDANTS
PULMONARYTUBERCULOSIS
IN
S.Garg.H. C. Mehta, K. B. Gupta
Department Of Biochemistry, PGIMS, Rohtak, India
Introduction : Tuberculosis is one of the major causes of public health
problem. It is associated with increased oxidative stress. Functional
deficiency of some antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, G6PD) is reported in
neutrophils & increase in activity of SOD, GSH-Px & GR is reported in
blood. Little data is available on the effect of Vitamin C supplementation
on the antioxidants in blood. We studied the effect of Vit. C on whole
blood glutathione, total thiols & plasma glutathione S transcfcrase
activity.
Methods : 40 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis & 30 age and sex
matched normal controls were included in the study. The patients were
divided into two groups for follow up. One group received standard
ATT(n=20), the other received Vit. C along with the standard ATT
(n=20). Whole blood GSH, l. thiols, plasma Vit C & GS-T activity was
measured at the time of admission and after one month & two months of
therapy.
Results : Whole blood GSH, t. thiols & Vit. C levels were significantly
decreased whereas GS-T activity was significantly higher in patients
than in controls. A progressive rise in first 3 parameters following ATT
was observed whereas GS-T activity decreased. Changes were more
marked in group supplemented with vitamin C.
Conclusion : The observations suggest that antioxidant defence is
compromised in pulmonary tuberculosis.This status showed
improvement with treatment more so with Vit C supplementation. This
study suggests that antioxidants may play an important role in enhancing
the recovery of these patients.
P-81
ROLE OF FLAVONOIDS IN THE ALLEVIATION OF ANEMIA
ASSOCIATED WITH VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS
GargiSen, Tuli Biswas
Department Of Physiology, Indian Institute Of Chemical Biology
Kolkata-700032
Flavonoids arc a broad class of plant poly phenolic compound that
display a wide spectrum ofclinical properties .The prevalence ofvisccral
leishmaniasis (VL) in Indian subcontinent has been reported to have an
A AAA<A<l AiiAW CAAAATAMAAAAfA ■ - A AASA A-AA :
.
IMI.
increasing trend in recent years. VL is associated with severe anemia,
which accounts tor formidable volume of suffering in the diseased
condition. The anemia is multifactorial, early hemolysis being one of the
important factors leading to the shortened lifespan of erythrocytes.
Oxidative damages of erythrocytes have been implicated in the reduced
survival of erythrocytes during leishmanial infection. Considering the
antioxidant potential, we investigated the ability of the flavonoids in the
protection of the degradative process in the red cells .This study reveals
lite efficacy of five naturally occurring flavonoids in arresting the
development of anemia during post infection period. Amongst the
compounds studied, quercetin was most successful in inhibiting the
oxidation of proteins and lipids on the red cell membranes of infected
animals. Apart from its anti-anemic property, quercetin also appeared to
be highly potent in lowering the parasite load in the spleen. Combination
therapy of quercetin with the antilcishmanial drug stibanatc resulted in
an aversion from early lysis of red cells compared to that induced by
quercetin or drug treatment alone. Subsequent studies demonstrated the
therapeutic efficacy of the combination treatment in the abatement of
both anemia and parasitemia under the diseased condition.
Introduction: Plit ML(1998) reported that even after six months of
apparently successful antimicrobial chemotherapy, pulmonary
tuberculosis is associated with increased oxidative stress. The present
study was undertaken to evaluate whether reduction in oxidative stress
by addition of a chain breaking antioxidant to first line antituberculosis
agents will improve the clinical outcome
Methods: Randomized control clinical trial approved by institutional
ethical committee was undertaken in newly diagnosed cases of
pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), of either sexes exhibiting sputum AFB.
Control group A (n=50) was treated with routine 2EH RZ regime daily for
initial phase of two months while study group B received Vit E and Vit C
concurrently daily along with 2EHRZrcgime. Lipid peroxidation levels
were used as markers of cel hilar damages.
Results: Statistical significant reduction in LPO, augmentation of
Sputum AFB negativity, and Radiological improvement was noted in
study group receiving antioxidants.
Conclusion: Better clinical improved in cases of pulmonary
tuberculosis, receiving concurrent antioxidants, as evidenced by early
sputum AFB
P-82
P-84
ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN
LEPROSY.
S.Girish P.Bulakh R.Melinkeri
Ph.D.Student .Ex-Pro lessor & Head .Professor & Head
Department ofBiochemistry'. B. J. Medical College. Pune.
Introduction : Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by
Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen, 1875) affecting mainly the immune
system. Oxidant-mediated tissue injury is a particular hazard to the
immune system, since phagocytic cells produce reactive oxygen species
as part of the body's defence against infection. Adequate amounts of
neutralizing antioxidants are required to prevent damage to the immune
cells themselves. Vitamin E, C. and beta-carotene (provitamin A) arc
essential nutrients that the human organism cannot synthesize and which
act as antioxidants by stabilizing highly reactive and potentially harmful
molecules, as arc the free radicals.
Method: To assess the severity of oxidant stresses all subjects and
controls were studied for plasma lipid peroxide levels .The plasma levels
of vitamin C. vitamin E and vitamin A ( carotene) were measured to
know the status ofantioxidant vitamins.
Results
Plasma lipid peroxide level measured as Malondialdehyde
level was significantly increased (p<0.05) while the plasma levels of
vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A were significantly decreased
(p<0.05) as compared to controls.
Conclusion: -The increased levels of lipid peroxide gave an idea about
the possibility of oxidant mediated tissue damage, while the decreased
levels of antioxidant vitamins indicated that these vitamins are essential
in controlling lipid peroxidation which otherwise lower cell mediated
immune responses causing immunosuppression in lepromatous leprosy.
P-83
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN
THETREATMENTOFPULMONARYTUBERCULOSIS
M.Shelgaonkar. I Dr. R. Munje,2 Dr. S.Shelgaonkar3, Dr. S. Umathc4
1. Institute of Diploma in Pharmacy, Nagpur, 2. Govt.Medical College,
Yavatmal, 3. Govt.Medical College, Nagpur, 4. Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nagpur
ELEVATION OF METHYL GLYOXAL IN ASSOCIATION
WITH
FREE
RADICAL
MEDIATED
DAMAGE
IN
R11 EUM ATOID ARTHRITIS.
S. Mukhopadhyay1. B. Majhi, S. Sen, M. Kar1, A. K. Ghosh..
Department of Biochemistry, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and
Hospital, Kolkata 700014,
W B, India
Introduction : Recently, oxygen free radicals have been implicated as
mediators of tissue damage in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis ( RA).
Poor anti-oxidant status, actually serves as risk factors for developing
RA. However, very little information is known about causation of these
free radicals in blood and synovial fluid of RA patients.Here we report
that Methyl Glyoxal , a kcto-aldchyde compound is significantly
elevated in association with increased level of free reactive iron , poor
anti oxidant status , high lipid peroxidation and poor level of NO in RA
patients.
Materials and Method :Normal healthy volunteers (n = 40) were
selected randomly and Rheumatoid patients (n=85) were selected from
indoor / outdoor department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Nilratan
Sircar Medical College and Hospital , Kolkata. Blood (and Synovial
fluid) were collected aseptically from patients and Volunteers. Sample
were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase
activity, total reduced glutathione level, total antioxidant status (TAS)
against Trolox, serum methyl glyoxal level and lipid peroxidation by
malon dialdehyde (MDA) level using standard method. Free reactive
iron was estimated by Fcrrozinc reaction and NO by Griess reagent.
Results : Both serum and synovial fluid level of SOD , Catalase
,reduced Glutathione and Total Antioxidant Status of patients were found
to be significantly low level (p<0.01 ) where as methyl Glyoxal, Lipid
peroxidation ( as measured by MDA ) and Ferrozine detected free
reactive iron were found to be significantly high. Moreover a
significantly poor NO lcvcl( p< 0.61) compared to normal control were
observed.
Conclusion: Poor Antioxidant status, elevated methyl glyoxal level and
free reactive iron in both Blood and Synovial fluid suggest that
accumulation of methyl glyoxal, a toxic metabolite may be an important
precursor of free radicals which in association with iron mediated
Fenton reaction produce drcadly damaging OH radicals. The mechanism
and significance of the phenomenon, elevation of Methyl Glyoxal in
Rheumatoid Arthritis pathology remain to be established.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
P-85
TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS EXPRESSING HIGH LEVELS OF
ANTI-INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS)
ACTIVITY EXHIBITED CIRCULATING MYCOBACTERIUM
ANTIGEN 85B COUPLED TO IGG IN SERUM
Najmul Islam, Manish Kumar Varshney and Jawed Iqbal
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh
202 002
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem. A
third of the world's population is estimated to be infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and tuberculosis is the most common
cause of death of adults from infectious disease throughout the world.
The role of nitric oxide has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the
disease.
Methods: In the present study, determination of proteins of varying
molecular weights expressed in serum of TB patients falling under all the
three categories as designated by World Health organization (WHO)
undertaken in this study were analyzed by PAGE. A total of 40 serum
samples from category' I. 35 scrum samples from category II and 26
serum samples from category III were subjected to PAGE analysis.
Immunological investigations were carried out by employing ELISA.
Results: Category 1 and II patients exhibited a 200 kDa band, whereas
category 111 patients did not. It appears that the 200kDa band is that of
antigen 85B conjugated to IgG, due to non- clearance of secretory 85B
protein antigen in urine of tuberculosis patients. The presence of
circulating 85B antigen conjugated to IgG in serum as being indicated by
electrophoretic results is substantiated by ELISA results where highly
specific anti-Ag85 monoclonal antibody was used to confirm the above.
Thus, probably, it is suggested that Ag85 circulated as complexes with
plasma proteins due to lack of urinary Ag85 in patients with active
tuberculosis. Furthermore, ELISA with anti-iNOS antibodies exhibited
recognition in category 1 and 2 patients respectively whereas category 3
patients did not show any binding with anti-iNOS Ab.
Conclusion: Thus, in conclusion, it appears that, tuberculosis patients
exhibiting circulating mycobacterium antigen 85B coupled to IgG in
scrum expressed high levels of anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase
(iNOS) activity.
involvement of oxidative stress in leprosy. Treatment approaches
involving supplementation of antioxidant vitamins may find beneficial
in the management ofoxidative stress in leprosy.
P-87
ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE
P.R.Usha, MUR Naidu,
Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad
Introduction: Endothelium is a dynamic, multifaceted, organ system
intimately involved in regulation of vascular tone and hemostasis. EC
dysfunction is defined by blunting of the vasodilatory response to
acetylcholine or hyperemia, both of which are known to produce NOdcpcndcnl vasodilatation. Many drugs have been to shown to have
improvement on endothelial dysfunction in patents like ACE inhibitors,
Statins, Calcium Channel blockers, Estrogens, L-Argininc, Anti
oxidants.
Methodology: There arc various ways to asses endothelial function
including Flow mediated dilation; Brachial artery diameter and flow;
Veno-occlusive plethysmography; lazer blood flow neter; Digital pulse
plethysmography. We have used shear stress and Albuterol induced
change in DPG (digital Pulse Plethysmography) has been used as one of
the alternative methods for endothelial dependent vasodilatation in
patients with CAD, PVD, DM and compared with healthy subjects.
Results: Shear stress and salbutamol showed endothelial dysfunction
with patients compared to healthy subjects as evidenced by change in b/a
ratio. In healthy subjects before shear the b/a was 0.29, which increased
by 16% to 0.32 after shear stress. In patients with CAD, PVD, DM b/a
ratio was 0.36, 0.30 and 0.38 respectively before shear and the same
became 0.35, 0.27 and 0.36 respectively after shear. Quinalapril was
used as an intervention drug. Quinalapril produced significant alteration
in % RI index compared to baseline and control subjects.
Conclusion: Endothelial function plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular
health. Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and heart failure contribute
to endothelial dysfunction. Appropriate therapy for each of these
disorders should address the endothelial path91ogy. Quinalapril, a new
ACE inhibitor showed significant improvement in endothelial
dysfunction.
P-86
COMPARITIVE STUDY OF VITAMIN E, A AND C LEVELS IN
LEPROSY SUBTYPES
P-88
C.V.B.Prasad, M.V.Kodliwadmath
Department of Biochemistry, J.N.Medical College, Nehru
Nagar,Belgaum-590010, Karnataka, INDIA.
Introduction :
Oxidative damage caused by Reactive Oxygen
Species(ROS) is known to be involved in the disease pathology of
leprosy. Continuing macrophage function,immune complex mediated
damage are potential sources of ROS in leprosy infection.Antioxidants
like vitamins E, A and C provide protection against the deleterious
effects of ROS.
Methods : The subjects for this study were normal human controls
(n=50), paucibacillary leprosy patients (n=50) and Icpromatous leprosy
patients (n=50). Plasma levels of Vitamin E, A and C levels were
estimated by standard spectroscopic methods. Statistical analysis was
done by student‘t’ tesL
Results : The result showed a statistically significant decrease in
Vitamin E (p<0.01,p<0.001); Vitamin A (p<0.01,p<0.00I) and Vitamin
C (p<0.001) levels in paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy
respectively as compared to control group. The decrease was found to be
significantly pronounced in multibacillary leprosy as compared to
paucibacillary leprosy.
Conclusion : The low plasma antioxidant vitamin levels indicate the
PEROXYNITRITE INDUCED MODIFICATION OF HUMAN
DNA: IM PLICATIONS IN ETIOPATHOGENESIS OFSLE
Safia Habib, Moinuddin, Rashid Ali
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh
(INDIA)
Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a multisystem
autoimmune disease, is characterized by the production of a variety of
autoantibodies against nuclear, cytoplasmic and cell surface antigens.
The cellular and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the
production of anti-nuclear antibodies in this disease and the way these
antibodies participate in tissue destruction remain highly debated. The
primary autoantigen is believed to be DNA modified or complexed in
some form rather than the naked analogue. Modification in DNA can
take place through interaction with various radicals, radiations or
chemicals leading to B-helix conformational alteration or generation of
single stranded regions. One such species is peroxynitrite, which causes
oxidative DNA damage.
Methods: We have characterized peroxynitrite radical damaged human
DNA through spectroscopic and fluorometric analysis, nuclease SI
studies, alkaline agarose and thermal denaturation profile assays. ELISA
was used to probe the binding of SLE autoantibodies to native and
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA.
3
J
3
3
3
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
modified DNA.
Results: The modified DNA was found to be highly unstable having
appreciably high percentage of SS regions with the damage to backbone
and disruption in base stacking. It exhibited 29.4% hyperchromicity at
260 nm and a decrease of 6..0 °C in Tm. Binding of naturally occurring
SLE autoantibodies to the native and modified DNA shows higher
recognition ot the modified conformer by the SLE autoantibodies in
direct binding and completion ELISA experiments as well as in gel
retardation assays.
Conclusions: DNA was substantially modified by the peroxynitritc
species rendering it quite unstable. Higher recognition of human SLE
autoantibodies clearly indicates that the modified DNA presents better
epitopes for the SLE autoantibodies. Role of peroxynitritc radical in the
induction ot SLE anti-DN A autoantibodies has been discussed.
P-89
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
S.Singh, Z. Aii, S.K. Tiwari
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic multisystem disease of
unknown origin. The characteristic feature of RA is persistent
inflammatory synovitis, usually involving peripheral joints in a
symmetrical distribution. It is seen throughout the world and affects all
races. There has been accumulating evidence of the role of oxidative
damage in RA. However there have been few comprehensive studies.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate in a comprehensive
manner certain important parameters of oxidative stress in patients of RA
and normal controls, and thus to determine whether there was any
significant difference between the two groups.
Methods: The study included 40 patients of RA (n=40), and 20 age and
sex matched controls (n=20). Serum from patients and controls was
analysed for nitrite levels (Griess Reaction), protein carbonyl levels
(Reznick and Packer 1994), level of malondialdehyde (TBA test), and
ceruloplasmin levels (Ravin 1961).
Results : Free radical oxidation products in scrum were significantly
elevated in patients of RA compared to that of controls. Scrum nitrite (p <
.001), serum protein carbonyls (p < .001), scrum MDA (p < .001), and
serum ceruloplasmin (p < .001) levels were all significantly elevated.
Conclusions: There is significantly increased nitric oxide generation in
patients of RA, along with significantly increased protein carbonyls and
lipid peroxides in serum. Serum levels of antioxidant ceruloplasmin is
significantly increased possibly as a compensatory mechanism. These
markers of oxidative stress may play an important role in diagnosis and
prognosis of RA and may also guide antioxidant therapy for this yet
incurable disease. PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF MENTHA
PIPERITA AGAINST ARSENIC INDUCED RENAL DAMAGES
IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
♦Mukesh Kumar Sharma, Ambika Shanna and Madhu Kumar
*Department of Zoology, S.N.K.P. Govt. (P.G) College, Necm Ka
Thana-332713, Distt-Sikar, (Rajasthan),
FREE RADICALSAND ANTIOXIDANTS
IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
P-90
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN COPD. IS CHULLA SMOKE MORE
DANGEROUS THAN TOBACCO SMOKE?
J.
Bardapurkar, D. Bokankar, S. Javed, S. Bardapurkar, V. Patil.
Biochemistry department, Government Medical College, Aurangabad,
Maharastra, India.
Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a
global problem. There exists a relationship between COPD and
increased oxidative stress. Females exposed to indoor pollution from
biomass fuel (Chulla smoke) are equally al risk similar to proven risk
factor in male tobacco smokers. In view of above facts we analyzed
Oxidant: Antioxidant in male ex-smokers and females exposed to Chulla
smoke, both suffering from COPD.
Methods: 39 patients of COPD diagnosed clinically and supported by
lung function tests (as per GOLD guide lines) were studied from private
Chest Hospital over 2 months period and were divided into 2 groups.
Group I comprised of male ex- smokers (n= 19) and group 11 females
with history of prolonged exposure to Chulla smoke (n=20). Serum
Malondialdchydc(MDA), Superoxide Dismuatse (SOD), Plasma
Vitamin C were estimated.
Results: The levels of MDA in Gr.I were 7.58±2.68 and in Gr.II 7.69±2.1
arc comparable but within normal range. But on other hand Antioxidants
like SOD levels in Gr.I were 1.8± 0.474 and in Gr.II, 1.78±
76 and plasma vitamin C in Gr.I 0.346±0.35 and in Gr.II. 0.278±0.34
0.
respectively. Both these parameters were comparable but significantly
lower than normal values.
Conclusion: Lung damage because of chronic exposure to domestic
biomass fuel in female COPD patients seems equally detrimental to
lungs as ex-smokers in males COPD patients. This is documented in our
study by increased oxidative stress in the form of decreased SOD and
Vitamin C in both groups. WHO goals are to increase awareness of
COPD and decrease morbidity and mortality. To support this goal along
with smoking cessation in males, avoiding chronic exposure to Chulla
smoke in females is equally important in preventing this chronic
debilitating disease.
P-91
NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION IN REDUCING THE
ALTERATIONS IN ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES CAUSED BY
LEAD
Herman Sunil D'souza, Geraldine Menezes, VcnkatcshT.
National Referral Center for Lead Poisoning in India
Department of Biochemistry, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India
Introduction: Lead (Pb) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal. It has been
used by mankind for over 6000 years and is today one of the most widely
distributed metal in the environment. The possibility of lead exposure in
human is therefore of great significance from the health point of view.
Lead affects many system in the body including the antioxidant
system.This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Pb on the
antioxidant enzymes, and to evaluate the nutritional intervention
Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats were used for the
experiments. The rats were divided into two groups; 'well nourished'
(WN) and the 'under nourished' (UN). The WN and UN subjects were
given 500 ppm Pb as lead acetate in the drinking water and their controls
had no lead supplements in their drinking water. Blood lead levels were
estimated using ESA Lead Analyzer as per as C.D.C approved protocol.
Reduced Glutathionc(GSH) was estimated by DTNB reagent method
and Super oxide dismutasc(SOD) by Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT)
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
method
Findings: The blood lead levels of the under nourished group had
increased drastically compared with the well-nourished group.
Decreased GSI-I levels and SOD activities were seen in the
undernourished rats suggesting lead induced oxidative stress.
Conclusion: Nutritional intervention help in reducing the lead induced
oxidative stress
P-92
ANTI-RADICAL ACTIVITY OFTEA POLY PH ENOLS
H.S. Mahal. S. Kapoor, G.B. Mani'T. Mukherjee
Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre. Mumbai- 400 085. and 'Tobacco Carcinogenesis
Group. Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in
Cancer.Tata Memorial CentreNavi-Mumbai410208 India
Introduction: Fruits and vegetables arc rich in phenolics and
flavonoids, possessing health benefits. So also tea, in the form of green /
oolong / black tea provides ample polyphenols. Fermentation of tea
leaves results in larger polyphcnolics (thearubigins). In the present
investigation, we have studied the total radical and superoxide radical
(O-) scavenging activity of these polymeric black tea polyphenols
extracted from popular brands of black tea..
Methods: The total radical scavenging activity was determined by 2,2'azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzoihiazolinc-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) method.
The results expressed as Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity
(TEAC). The copper complexes (CuL) of these extracts were used as
superoxide dismutase mimetics and the scavenging of O, was
determined by using pulse radiolysis technique. Total phenols I
flavonoids were determined spccirophotomctrically.
Results: From the variation in the total phenolics and total flavonoid
content of tea extracts it was evident that fermentation procedures and
species variation affect the composition / contents of these compounds.
Samples having higher ABTS radical scavenging ability were the ones
where the phenolic content was higher compared to the rest. The decay
rates of the ABTS radical in the presence of extracts was determined
pulse radiolytically and the bimolecular rate constants determined.
Using ideal Cu:L ratios the scavenging rate constants were determined.
All the above results arc compared with some monomeric phenols
present in unfermented teas.
Conclusions: Due to variation in the active principles of different tea
extracts their antiradical activities differ. The radical scavenging
antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols was lesser than that of standards
used. Copper complexes of these tea extracts scavenge O;.
P-93
FREE RADICAL REACTIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITIES OF SESAMOL: PULSE RADIOLYTIC AND
BIOCHEMICAL STU DIES
Ravi Joshi1, M. Sudhccr Kumar1, M. K. Unnikrisnan'andT. Mukherjee1
Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, INDIA.
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal 576119, INDIA.
Introduction: Scsamol (S-OH), 5-hydroxy-l,3-bcnzodioxolc or 3,4methylenedioxyphcnol. is a constituent of sesame seed (sesamum
indicuni) oil. and is responsible for the high resistance of this oil to
oxidative deterioration. Sesame seed as well as its oil arc used for human
consumption worldwide in various forms. Free radical scavenging
reactions and antioxidant activity of this non-toxic, thermally stable
dietary compound have been studied. Methods: Pulse radiolysis
technique has been used for in-situ generation and observation of
radicals. Transient UV-visiblc absorption ot the transients have been
monitored to follow the reactions. Lipid peroxidation has been studied
using brain homogenate of Albino Charles-Foster rats. Hydroxyl radical
induced deoxyribose degradation and plasmid DNA degradation have
also been studied.
Results: Scsamol efficiently scavenges hydroxyl, superoxide, organohaloperoxyl, various oxidizing and reducing radicals, lipid peroxyl and
tryptophanyl radicals. SOI! reacted with oxidizing radicals to produce
phenoxyl radical whereas with reducing radicals adduct as well as
cyclohexaienyl radical arc produced Scsamol alone did not break DNA
but protected DNA in the super coiled and nicked circular forms against
hydroxyl radical. S-OH has not been found to react with Fe(II) but
reduces Fe(l II) into Fc(II) at pH 7.4. Lipid peroxidation and deoxyribose
degradation by hydroxyl radicals was inhibited by scsamol in a doscdependent manner. Its antioxidant activity has also been evaluated with
cyclic voltammetry.
Conclusions: Dietary' compound scsamol, water and lipid soluble, has
been found to be an efficient antioxidant in chemical and biochemical
studies.
P-94
FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND RADIATION
PROTEC HON BYTOCOPHEROLMONOGLUCOSIDE
V Salvi and CKK Nair
Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
Objective? Tocopherol monoglucoside (TMG), a waler soluble
derivative of vitamin E has been shown to protect against ionizing
radialion-induced damage to DNA under/// vitro and in vivo conditions.
The present work aims to examine the efficacy ofTMG to scavenge free
radicals and to protect membrane lipids in vivo and cellular DNA in
human peripheral blood leucocytes ex vivo, exposed to gamma radiation.
Methods. Free radical scavenging property of TMG was studied by
DPPH assay and quenching of hydroxyl radical. Protection of membrane
lipids from radiation induced peroxidation was investigated in rat liver
microsomes in vitro. For in vivo studies TMG was administered to mice
prior io whole body radiation and peroxidative damage in lipids of
various tissues was analyzed in terms of thiobarbituric acid reacting
substances. Protection of human blood leucocytes against gamma
radiation induced DNA strand breaks was studied by alkaline single cell
gel electrophoresis (comet assay).
Results.- TMG reduced the stable free radical 1.1 -diphenyl-2-picryl
hydrazyl in a dose dependent manner. It inhibited the hydroxyl radical
induced degradation of deoxyribose. Exposure of rat liver microsomes
to 500 Gy gamma radiation resulted in peroxidation of lipids equivalent
to 13 n moles of malonaldchydc per mg protein. TMG inhibited the
radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in a concentration dependent
manner, 100 pM TMG inhibited 90% and 25 p M TMG inhibited 30%
of the lipid peroxidation. In TMG administered animals exposed to
whole body gamma irradiation (3Gy). there was significant reduction in
lipid peroxidation in various tissues such as liver, spleen and intestinal
crypt compared to irradiated controls. Studies using comet assay
revealed that exposure of human blood peripheral leucocytes to gamma
radiation resulted in increase of comet parameters due to radialioninduced strand breaks in DNA. The comet parameters were significantly
reduced when 1 MG was present along with the cells during irradiation:
thus indicating protection ol cellular DNA under ex vivo conditions
Conclusion: The results reveal that TMG can protect cells and bio
molecules from ionizing radiation induced damages under in vitro in
vivo and ex vivo conditions. TMG is a good free radical scavenger. It
protects biological membranes under in vitro and in vivo conditions of
irradiation. TMG protects cellular DNzX against gamma radiationinduced strand breaks.
P-95
patients (n=25) of the same trimester.
ROLEOFANTIOXIDANTSINTHETREATMENTOF
IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA
Rukhsana Ab. Rub. Ziyaurrehnian. Rashmi Tambc
M.C.E. Society’s Allana College of Pharmacy. Pune I.
Introduction:
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common disorder mostly effecting
women and children all over the world and has attracted attention on a
global scale. Amongst all ion compounds being used as supplements to
treat anemia ferrous sulphate has found io have better hacmatinic effect
but it also has shown to increase oxidative stress because ofgcncration of
free radicals due to conversion of Fe to Fe "* during its absorption.
A combination of feme ion combined with maltose, Iron Polymaltosc
Complex (IPC) are also available but these have not shown much
efficacy. The present study is designed to compare the efficacy of
Ferrous sulphate when administered along with antioxidants like
Vitamin C and Vitamin E in anemic rats. Efforts arc also made to
compare the efficacy of Ferrous sulphate with 1PC in anemic rats.
Method: Anemia was induced by administering 15 mg/kg Cadmium
Chloride in health y rats weighing 200 to 250 gms. Anemic rats were
divided into different groups (n= 6) and each group was treated with I)
Fcirous sulphate II) Ferrous sulphate with Vitamin C & Vitamin E III)
1PC alone IV) IPC with Vitamin C & Vitamin E.
After 4 weeks of treatment blood sample were collected m dry' EDTA
bulbs and following biochemical parameter were studied
I)
Hemoglobin.
ii)
Reduced glutathione.
iii)
Lipid peroxide
i v)
Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD)
v)
Catalase.
Results: In the pre-cclamptic group MDA, a lipid peroxidation product
was significantly increased (P0.001) while the enzymatic antioxidants
like SOD (P<0 001), catalase P<0.01) and GSH.Px (0.001) and non
enzymatic antioxidants like reduced glutathione (p<0.001), Vitamin-E
(P<0.001) and Vitamin-C (P<0.00l) were reduced significantly as
compared to normal pregnancy.
A Significant negative correlation was detected between Lipid
peroxidation and antioxidant levels.
Further study with
supplementation of non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin-E and
Vitamin-C to the pre-cclamptic patients for four weeks, shows
significant decreased levels of MDA (PO.OOl) and increased levels of
enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants like GSHPx (P<0.00l),
catalase (P<0.01). Reduced Glutathione, Vitamin-.E, Vitamin- C
(P<0.001), while SOD is decreased but not significantly
ConclusionL-Supplemcntation of antioxidants like Vitamin-E and C
during pregnancy may prevent impeding complications of PI H.
P-97
FREE RADICALS MEDIATED TESTICULAR LESIONS BY
CADMIUM CHLORIDE AND MODULATION BY PANAX
GINSENG
S. Sharma, M. Shanna & M. Kumar
Cell & Molecular Bio. Lab. Department of Zoology.
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
RcsuIt:_Ferrous sulphate along with Vitamin C & Vitamin E produces
significant (P<0.01) increase in hemoglobin in anemic rats as compared
to Ferrous sulphate alone. Treatment with IPC also produce increase in
hemoglobin levels but less significant than the above treatment. Lipid
peraoxidation was significantly decreased, reduced glutathione and
catalyasc activity was significantly increased in animals treated with
Ferrous sulphate with Vitamin C and Vitamin E. However no change
was observed in SOD.
Conclusion: Improved efficacy of ferrous sulphate in presence of
Vitamin C and Vitamin E accounts for the antioxidant activity of Vitamin
C and Vitamin E which decrease the oxidative stress and facilitate iron
absorption.
FREE RADICALSAND ANTIOXIDANTS
IN HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND INFERTILITY
P-96
SIGNIFICANCE OF CHANGES IN LIPID PEROXIDATION
AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AFTER SUPPLEMENTATION
OF VITAMIN-E AND C IN WOMEN AT RISK OF PRE
ECLAMPSIA.
S.B.PatiL M.V.Kodliwadmath*, Shcela M.Kodliwadmath**.
Research fellow, Dept, of Biochemistry*. Dept, of OBG**J.N.Mcdical
College, Belgaum. 5900 j 0. Karnataka.
Introduction: Increased Lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant
activity may contribute to the development of complications of
Introduction : Cadmium is one of the cumulative toxic heavy metal and
an important environmental pollutant that causes tissue damage Panax
ginseng is one of the most highly recognized medicinal herb in the orient.
It has wide range of pharmacological and therapeutical action. Thus
promotes the functioning of immune system and antioxidant potential of
cells. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate free
radical induced testicular damage by cadmium chloride (CdCL) and its
possible protection by Panax ginseng.
Methods : For the present study, male Swiss albino mice were divided
into various groups ; Group I : Control group. Group II : Ginseng root
extract (10 mg/kg b. wt.) orally. Group III : CdCL (1 mg/kg b.wl.) i.p.
Group IV : Ginseng root extract was given 10 days before CdCL
treatment and continued upto 30 days. Histopathological analysis, total
protein content, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) level
was estimated to find out the toxicity damage).
Results : Histopathological damage was observed in testis such as
shrinkage of tubules, karyolysis, pyknosis, depletion of germ cells,
oedematous fluid in interstitium in animals of group III as compared to
control. A marked increase (P < 0.001) in the value of LPO and a
significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the total protein content and GSH
level were also noticed. The combination group (Group IV) Ginseng
maintained the testis histoarchitccturc to near normal with decreased (P
< 0.001) LPO level and significant increase (P < 0.001) in total protein
content and GSH level.
Conclusion : Thus Ginseng is found protective against cadmium
induced oxidative damage by way of enhanced synthesis ofGSH.
pregnancy.
Methodsjn the present study we measured lipid peroxidation products
by TBARS methods and counteracting antioxidant functions before and
after supplementation with Vitamin-E and C in third trimester pre
eclamptic women by spectrophotometer. The subjects for the study were
third trimester normal pregnancy (n =25) as controls and Pre-cclamptic
OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DFSTsFAhOFi W..M
P-98
MALONDIALDEHYDE FOR PREDICTION OF PRE
ECLAMPSIA
P.C.Sindu, K. Parvathi. Saboora Bccgum
Department ofBiochemistry. Govt.Mcdical College. Calicut.
Introduction: In modem obstetrics hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
encompass a clinical spectrum of abnormalities ranging from minimal
elevation in blood pressure to severe hypertension with multiorgan
dysfunction. Pre-eclampsia is the development of hypertension with
proteinuria or oedema or both induced by pregnancy after 20h week of
gestation. Vasospasm is basic to pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Free
radicals have emerged as likely promoters of vascular malfunction.
Lipid peroxidation is the source of free radicals. Malondialdehyde is the
most abundant individual aldehyde resulting form lipid peroxidation
Mcthods:ln the present study, 52 primi gravid women and 48 multi
gravid women with past history of pre-eclampsia , IUGR and growth
retardation between 16 to 20 weeks of pregnancy were selected. Serum
malondialdehyde levels were estimated using Vai ipasha and Sadasivudu
method. These women were prospectively followed up for development
of pre-eclampsia.
Results: Of these 19 women developed pre-eclampsia, 81 remained
normotensive. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p = 0.001)
elevated in those who developed pre-eclampsia. Whether
malondialdehyde levels estimated in 16-20 weeks of gestation can be
used to predict pre-eclampsia later in pregnancy was noted using logistic
regression technique. It was found that I unit elevation in
malondialdehyde levels in serum between 16-20 weeks of gestation
account for 1.098 limes increased risk for development of pre-eclampsia
later in pregnancy.
Conclusion.-Malondialdehyde levels estimated between 16-20 weeks of
gestation can be used as a predictive parameter in development of preeclampsia later in pregnancy.
P-99
LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANTS STATUS IN
PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS
K.PaniamurthvL S. Manoharan 1, C.R. Ramachandran2
Conclusion : The impairment in endogenous antioxidant defense system
due to over production of lipid peroxidation products at inflammatory
sites make periodontitis patients more prone to oxidative stress.
FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN TOXICOLOGY
P-100
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AGAINST
NICOTINE-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN WISTAR
RATS.
C. Kalnanaand Vcnugopal P. Menon
Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002,
Tamilnadu, India.
Aim: Nicotine, a major pharmacologically active substance in tobacco is
generally regarded to be a primary risk factor in the development of
cardiovascular disorders, pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In the
present study, wc evaluated the protective effects of curcumin on lipid
peroxidation and antioxidants status in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
(BALF) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during nicotine-induced
toxicity in rats.
Methods: The male Albino rats of Wistar strain were used for the
experiment and were divided into 4 groups (Normal, nicotine,
nicoline+curcumin, curcumin). Lung toxicity was induced by
subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (5
days a week, for 22 weeks) and curcumin (80 mg/kg body weight) was
given simultaneously by intragastric intubation for 22 weeks.
Measurement of biochemical marker enzymes: alkaline phosphatase.
lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were used to
monitor the antiperoxidative effects of curcumin.
Results: The increased biochemical marker enzymes as well as lipid
peroxides in BALF and BAL of nicotine treated rats was accompanied by
a significant decrease in the levels of glutathione, glutathione
peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Administration of
curcumin significantly lowered the biochemical marker enzymes, lipid
peroxidation and enhanced the antioxidant status.
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that curcumin exert
its protective effect against nicotine-induced lung toxicity by modulating
the biochemical marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation and augmenting
antioxidant defense system.
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai
University, Annamalai Nagar- 60S 002 India.
2Dean , Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital Annamalai
University, Annamalai Nagar 608002. India
Introduction : Periodontitis, an inflammatory disorder of periodontium.
damages the bone and connective tissue that supports the teeth. In recent
years more attention has focused on the role of reactive oxygen species,
lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants system in the pathological
phenomenon of periodontitis. Our aim was to assess the oxidative stress
in periodontitis patients and periodontitis patients treated with taurine.
from Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital Annamalai University.
by measuring the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
(TBARS) and antioxidants.
Methods : This study has been conducted on 25 newly diagnosed
periodontitis patients, admitted to treatment for their periodontitis.
Periodontitis patients were received 500 mg/day taurine orally for thirty
days. The levels ofTBARS and antioxidants in plasma, erythrocytes and
gingival tissues were assayed using specific colorimetric methods.
Results : Elevated lipid peroxidation and disturbed antioxidants status
were noticed in patients with periodontitis as compared to healthy
subjects. However, the status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants was
revert back to near normal level after treatment with taurine for 30 days
in periodontitis patients.
P-101
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AND ITS ANALOG
IN CARBON T E T R A C HL O RID E INDUCED
HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
N. Kamalakkannan and Vcnugopal P. Menon
Department of Biochemistry. Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Introduction: Liver diseases constitute a major problem of worldwide
proportions. Carbon tetrachloride is a well known hepalotoxin that is
widely used to induce toxic liver injury in a range of laboratory animals.
Damage by CC14 is regarded as the analog of liver damage caused by a
variety of hepaiotoxins in humans.
Methods: Rats were administered with CCI4 (3 ml/kg/wcek) fora period
of three months. Curcumin (80 mg/kg) and its analog (CA) (80 mg/kg)
were orally administered to rats for three months. In CCI4-t rented rats, the
levels of aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and g-glutamyl
transferase increased in plasma. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances and hydroperoxides were increased in plasma and tissues
(liver and kidney). There was a decrease in the levels of vitamin C,
vitamin E and glutathione in plasma. In tissues, the levels of glutathione
and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione
peroxidase increased
kvelsof mark,"ilh,CUr“min and CA significantly decreased the
status
”'nCS’ 'P perox,des and improved the antioxidant
£
iT °n-r S1Udy Sh?u S that curcumin and c A exInbit antioxidant
I and the effect exerted by CA was more effective than curcumin.
P-102
'KO* AND ZINC INTERACTIONS at the site of
ABSORPTION IN RATS: RELEVANCE TO INTESTINAI
PEROXIDATIVE DAMAGE
K. Madhavan Nair and B. Srccdhar
Biophysics Division. National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR),
Jamai -Osmania, Hyderabad, India 500007
Introduction: Iron deficiency remains a major public health problem.
Recent clinical studies raised concerns about co-existence of a subclinical zinc deficiency in vulnerable segments of our population. Iron
and zinc share absorptive pathways and exhibit mutual antagonism.
Further, dietary zinc deficiency or excess iron is known to enhance
oxidative stress. The present studies were undertaken with the objective
of understanding the biochemical consequences of interactions of iron
and zinc at the site of absorption, especially on oxidant-antioxidant
balance.
Methods: Three separate depletion-repletion experiments using 24
weanling WKY female rats per experiment were carried. The design of
the study involved cither depleting iron and/or zinc for 4 wk. followed by
repletion (n=8) with 8 mg iron and/or 6.6 mg zinc for 2 wk. Indicators of
iron and zinc status were monitored in addition to assessing intestinal
TBARS, protein carbonyls, antioxidant enzyme activities, functional
integrity using marker enzymes and aconitase activity. Further,
localization of 55Fe, "?Zn, ferritin and mctallothionein induction was
studied at the site of absorption. The extent and type of free radical
species produced was studied using ESR spectroscopy.
Results: Iron repletion induced intestinal TBARS, protein carbonyls and
depletion of GSH in iron and/or zinc deficiency suggesting overt
oxidative stress. Combined repletion of Fe and Zn though marginally
reduced their status, resulted in reduced localization of”Fe, ferritin and
''Zn, metallothionein at the site of absorption. Inclusion of zinc was
found to reduce the signals associated with OH. The impact of
interactions was greater when iron and zinc deficiencies coexisted.
Conclusions: Co-administration of zinc along with iron reduced iron
induced peroxidativc damage and is beneficial in optimizing the
intestinal antioxidant defense.
P-103
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF FERULIC ACID AGAINST
NICOTINE INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN
BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE (BAL)
chcmoprevcntivc agents Hence, ferulic acid (FA), a naturally occurring
monophenolic compound was tested against nicotine induced changes in
BALofWistarrats.
Methods: Female Albino Wistar rats were used for the study.
Membrane integrity of BAL cells was tested by analyzing the activities
of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). BAL
cytology was measured by BAL cell count and viability. Extent of lipid
peroxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,
hydroperoxides and nitric oxide. Antioxidant effect of ferulic acid was
analysed by measuring antioxidant levels in both BAL fluid and cells.
Results: Activities of ALP & LDH were significantly increased during
nicotine treatment which was effectively brought back by FA. Positive
modulation of BAL cytology was observed during FA treatment. The
increased lipid peroxidativc indices and decreased antioxidant status
during nicotine toxicity were positively modulated by FA treatment.
Conclusion: From the results obtained, we could conclude that FA
effectively protect the lung against nicotine induced toxicity and can be a
gain for the current search of effective lung protective agent in future.
P-104
EFFECT OF LUPEOL AND ITS ESTER ON
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED LIPEMIC-OXIDATIVE
STRESS
P. T. Sudharsan, Y. Mythili, P. Varalakshmi
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of
Madras, Chennai 113, India.
Introduction: Cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating agent widely used
in cancer chemotherapy causes fatal cardiotoxicity. Lupeol is a
pentacyclic triterpenc isolated from Cratacva nurvala stem bark.
Linoleic acid is a u-6 fatty acid. The aim of the present study was to
evaluate the hypocholesterolemic property of lupeol and its ester, lupeol
linoleate in experimental cardiotoxicity induced in rat model by CP.
Methods: Group I served as control. Group II, Group V and Group VI
animals were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of CP
(200mg/kg body weight) dissolved in saline. Group III and Group V
animals received lupeol (50 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in olive oil
for 10 days by oral gavage, Group IV and Group VI animals received
lupeol linoleate (50 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in olive oil for 10 days
by oral gavage. The levels of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide
and hydroxyl radical levels in heart tissue were estimated. Serum lipids
and lipoprotein fractions and cardiac lipid metabolizing enzymes were
assayed.
Results: Superoxide and hydroxyl radical levels were significantly
increased in CP administered rats. Significant alterations (p < 0.05) in
scrum lipid profile and activities of lipid metabolizing enzymes were
also observed. Lupeol and its ester; lupeol linoleate caused significant
reversal of the above alterations induced by CP.
Conclusion: The results of this study present the decreased activity of
lipoprotein lipase and hypercholesterolemia associated with CP induced
oxidative stress. Supplementation of the pentacyclic triterpenes
highlight the hypocholesterolemic property against CP induced lipemicoxidative stress.
A. Rain Sudheer and Venugopal P. Menon
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar-608 002,Tamilnadu, India.
Introduction: Currently 1.2 billion people worldwide smoke tobacco
despite clear evidence that smoking is a leading “preventable”
cause of death. The addiction liability and pharmacological effects of
smoking are primarily mediated by the major tobacco alkaloid
“nicotine”Nicotine is known to induce oxidative stress in
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), there by decreasing the level of
antioxidants, a condition which occurs in numerous pulmonary diseases.
Natural antioxidants have been receiving a lot of attention as
P-105
ALCOHOL AND THERMALLY OXIDIZED PUFA INDUCED
OXIDATIVESTRESS: ROLEOFN-ACETYLCYSTEINE
P. Surcsh Varma and Venugopal P. Menon, Department of
Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002,
Tamilnadu, India.
Introduction: Alcohol related disabilities are one of the world's major
138
public health concerns. The effects of alcohol intake include alteration
of redox state, acetaldehyde and free radical production, which lead to
membrane damage. The damage caused by alcohol is enhanced by
polyunsaturated fatty acid ingestion. When alcohol is taken along with
thermally oxidized sunflower oil. the toxicity is still more pronounced
due to toxic metabolities produced during heating. In our study, we have
analysed the effects of a thio! supplier N-acetyl cysteine on alcohol and
thermally oxidized sunflower oil induced toxicity.
Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were used for the study. The degree of
liver damage was assessed by estimating the activities of liver marker
enzymes (ALP & GGT). The extent of lipid peroxidation was measured
by estimating the lipid peroxidativc indices (TBARS and
hydroperoxides). The antioxidant status was measured by estimating the
enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants.
Results: The activities of liver marker enzymes (ALP & GGT) and the
lipid peroxidative indices (TBARS & hydroperoxides) were increased in
alcohol & PUFA groups when compared to normal and were decreased
inN-acetyl cysteine treated groups. The antioxidant status (SOD, CAT,
GPx & GSH) was decreased in tissues of alcohol & PUFA groups, which
were found to be improved in N-acctyl cysteine treated groups.
Conclusion: Our results showed that N-acctyl cysteine regresses the
oxidative damage induced by alcohol and thermally oxidized sunflower
oil.
P-106
OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN MYOCARDIAL
INFARACTION AND REPERFUSION
Introduction: Advancing age is associated with an accumulation of low
level free radical damage, which leads to the physiological and clinical
modifications. Age related changes resulting from free radical reactions
include increasing levels of lipopcroxidcs, alteration in enzyme
activities and greater osmotic fragility. The objective of the present study
was to estimate the level of lipid peroxidation product and antioxidants
Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (G-SH), Vitamin E and percent hemolysis
in elderly people.
Methods: The study group consisted of 34 elderly people between 60-75
years of both sexes. They were divided into four groups: 1 .Normal
elderly group (n=l 3), 2. With diabetes (n=8), 3. With hypertension (n=7)
and 4. With diabetes hypertension (n=6). The control group included 15
healthy individuals of both sexes between 20-32 years.
Malondialdehyde (MDA), Vitamin E, G-SH, CAT and % hemolysis was
measured by standard methods.
Results: The increase in MDA is highly significant (p<0.0001) in elderly
diabetic and elderly diabetic-hypertensive patients when compared to
controls. The vitamin E concentration decreased significantly in normal
elderly group (p<0.0001). The decrease in G-SH is highly significant in
elderly diabetic and elderly diabetic-hypertensive patients. Catalase
activity is highly decreased in normal elderly group (p<0.0001). %
hemolysis is highly decreased in normal elderly people when compared
to controls. A negative correlation was obtained between MDA and the
antioxidants and Vitamin E and G-SH.
Conclusion: We found an increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in
antioxidants in normal elderly people. Highly significant increase in
MDA and decrease in antioxidants was observed in elderly people when
complicated with diabetes and hypertension. Supplementation of
antioxidants may prevent further oxidative injury in elderly people.
RSood, R Abraham, U Arora, R Calton
Department of Biochemistry, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital,
Ludhiana
Department of Biochemistry and Cardiology; Christian Medical College
and Hospital, Ludhiana.
Introduction: Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
both acute myocardial infaraction (AMI) and reperfusion injury leading
to deleterious effects. There is inadequate data regarding levels of
antioxidants and oxidants as markers of oxidative stress in these
conditions. The present study aimed to determine reliable, non-invasivc
biochemical markers ofoxidative stress.
Method: the study group comprised of 52 patients who satisfied defined
criteria for AMI. These were further divided into reperfused and non
reperfused categories based on clinical and other criteria for reperfusion.
20 healthy individuals comprised the control group levels of
Malondialdehyde (M DA), Glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), Ascorbic acid,
Alpha Tocopherol and Ceruloplasmin were assessed in both study and
patient groups at 0,2 and 4 hours after thrombolysis with Streptokinase
using standard techniques of lest methods.
Results: All patients ofAMI showed significant elevated levels ofMDA
(p<0.001) and Gpx (p<0.001). However, ascorbate levels were
significantly lower (p<0.05). Analysis of the two study groups showed a
significant decline of alpha-tocopherol levels from 0.4 hours in
reperfused compared to non-reperfused group. Other markers showed no
significant deference in the two groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The study concludes that Gpx and MDA are good markers
of AMI while alpha-tocopherol can be proposed as a simple, noninvasive biochemical marker for myocardial reperfusion.
P-107
FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN AGING
AGE RELATED CHANGES IN LIPID PEROXIDATION AND
ANTIOXIDANTS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE
Akila, V. Prashant, H. Harishchandra, V.D'Souza, B.D'Souza
Department of Biochemistry, K.M.C. Mangalore, India.
. OFF;
P-108
FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN AGEING
Satish BalasahcbNimse*, Dilipkumar Pal**
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Secmanta Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharpokharia, Mayurbhanj - 757086, Orissa,
India.
Free radicals (FR's) are chemical species as atoms or molecules with
singlet, i.c. unpaired electron which makes them highly unstable, and
causing them to react almost instantaneously with any substance in its
vicinity and also leads to cascade of new free radicals in multiplying
(chain reaction) effect. All free radicals arc extremely reactive and will
seek out and acquire an electron in any way possible, causing themselves
to attack another molecule and there by modifying it biochemically.
When FR's activity is taking place damage to cell occurs, protein
synthesis becomes impaired, tissues become less pliable, arteries incur
damage, age pigments accumulate which literally drown the cells in
lipofuscin, preventing them from functioning and generally all signs and
indications ofageing are promoted.
Ageing is the seemingly inevitable decline in physiologic function that
occurs over time for all living creature, the ultimate terminus of ageing is
the same: death. The free radical theory of ageing (FRTA) was first
published by Dr. Denham Hannan in 1956 and subsequently major
review of FRTA done by Beckman & Ames provides varying degree of
support to FRTA. The rate of ageing is directly related with the level of
oxidative stress. Free radicals are involved in some of the disease of
ageing of eyes such as cataracts, light and drug induced retinopathy and
ocular sidcrosis. Investigation had shown that cataract formation is due to
radical damaged to lens tissues. Antioxidant eliminates the consequences
of free radicals disastrous effect at cellular and biomolccular levels,
which was proved by Dr. Harman that life span increases by using
artificial antioxidants such as Butylated hydroxy toluene. The major
antioxidant effect is obtained from nutrients such as vitamin C & E,
selenium, C0Q10, lipoic acid, qucrcetine. The pineal hormone 'melatonin'
also plays as antioxidant. Vit. C & Vit. E arc found to have synergistic
antioxidant activities. There can be very little doubt that antioxidants in
the diet offer protection from many of the diseases as well as from many
signs ofageing.
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FREE RA DICA LS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN
RADIATION BIOLOGY
P-109
RADIATION- AND FREE RADICAL-EXPOSURE AND
REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY HEME
REGULATED EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR2 KINASE
Abhijeet P. Kulkarni1. T. P. A. Devasagayam2 and Jayanta K. Pal1*
‘Department of Biotechnology. University of Pune. Pune 411 007 and
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre. Mumbai 400 085
Introduction: Heme regulated Inhibitor (HRI) is a member of the elF-2
kinase family and is a potent regulator of initiation of translation. During
a variety of cytoplasmic stresses such as, heme deficiency, heat shock
and lead toxicity, HRI undergoes activation through
autophosphorylation, and inhibits global protein synthesis.
Investigations from this lab have earlier demonstrated that during druginduced anemia in rabbit, there is a 2-3-fold increase in HRI mRNA level
while a 24-fold increase in the protein level. Over expression and
activation of HRI is reported in lead acetate toxicity and heat shock in
human cells in vitro. However nothing is known about HRI mediated
regulation of protein synthesis during exposure to radiation and
oxidative stress.
Materials and Methods: In the present investigation, radiation, and
hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals have been used to induce
oxidative stress in human K562 cells as a model. The parameters
estimated are cell proliferation, HRI expression at mRNA level and HRI
activity as measured by eIF-2 phosphorylation.
Result: -Our data suggest that hydrogen peroxide inhibits cell
proliferation in a concentration dependent manner in K562 cells. Under
an optimum dose of 150M of H.O., concurrent with decreased cell
proliferation, there is an induced HRI kinase activity indicating
inhibition of protein synthesis. Further, under such exposure.
determination of modulation in transcription of HRI and its contribution
to regulation of protein synthesis is in progress. Experiments on the
radiation exposure and regulation of protein synthesis are currently
being standardized.
with the same dose of irradiation and given plant extract one hour before
irradiation survived more than 30 days (i.e. experimental period). Their
body weight was significantly more than which were irradiated without
plant extract. Not only this,their body weight recorded to increase to a
significant extent during the experimental period. Weight of the liver,
spleen and thymus also decreased after irradiation and was significantly
more in the plant extract pretreated group. The plant extract treated group
showed recovery in the weight of various organs significantly.
Conclusion : On the basis of above results it concluded that TC
significantly protects Swiss albino mouse against radiation injury. This
plant which is being termed as "Tndosh shamak" or cure for all diseases
protects against radiation injury. It's well known immunomodulatory,
P-111
TREATMENT OF ASCORBIC ACID IMPROVES HEALING OF
EXCISION WOUNDS IN MICE EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT
DOSES OFg-RADI ATION
K. V. N. Mallikaijun Rao. Gancsh Chandra Jagetiaand Rajanikant G K
Department of Radiobioloey. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576
104.
Introduction: Due to the crucial practical importance of acute radiation
exposure associated with combined injuries, it is necessary to investigate
the efficacy of cost-effective nutritional factors in the reconstruction of
irradiated wounds. Therefore, effect of pretreatment of ascorbic acid was
studied on the healing of excision wound in mice exposed to 2, 4, 6 or 8
Gy whole-body g radiation.
Methods: A full-thickness wound was created on the dorsum of the
irradiated mice and the progression of wound contraction was monitored
by capturing video images of the wound at various post-irradiation days.
Conclusion: -The detailed data, which tend to indicate the possibility of
using HRI as a molecular marker for free radical-and radiation-exposure
will be presented and discussed.
Results: Irradiation caused a dose dependent delay in wound contraction
and wound healing time, while ascorbic acid pretreatment resulted in a
significant elevation in the rate of wound contraction and a decrease in
the mean wound healing time. To understand the mechanism of healing,
collagen.and hexosamine contents of wounds were measured after
exposure to 6 Gy, treated or untreated with ascorbic acid. Treatment with
ascorbic acid prior to irradiation enhanced the synthesis of collagen and
hexosamine, while histological assessment of wound biopsy revealed an
improved collagen deposition, fibroblast and vascular densities.
P-110
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that ascorbic acid
pretreatment has a conducive effect on the irradiated wound and could be
an substantial therapeutic strategy to ameliorate radiation-induced delay
in wound repair in the case of combined injury situations.
RADIOPROTECTION OF SWISS ALBINO MOUSE BY
TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA
Jaimala and S. PahadiyaDcpt. of Zoology, University of Rajasthan.
Jaipur-302004.
Int roduction : Radioprotection of normal healthy animals is a serious
problem which has yet to be solved. There is no remedy of accidental /
medical or exposure at the time of war. Amifostinc is the only chemical
available in the market which is with a lot of side effects and is very
costly. The present study is an attempt to find out a nontoxic remedy of
plant origin.
Methods : The experiments were conducted on adult healthy swiss
albino mice. They were irradiated with a lethal dose (8Gy) of gamma
rays with and without Tinospora cordifolia (TC) aqueous extract orally I
hr. before irradiation. The optimum dose of TC was selected on the basis
of survival. The animals were sacrificed at 1/4, 1,3, 5. 7. 10, 14 and 28
days after treatment. Their body weight was recorded daily. Weight of
liver, spleen and thymus were recorded. The data were analysed
statistically by using students't' test.
Result: It was observed that irradiation to a lethal dose decreases body
weight of the mice. All the animals which were irradiated without plant
extract pretreatment died after 10 days. But those which were irradiated
P-112
RADIO-PROTECTION OF DNA BY FERULIC ACID
DKMaurya, V Salvi and CKK Nair
Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
Introduction; Ferulic acid is a monophenolic phcnylpropanoid
occurring in plant products such as rice, green tea and coffee beans is
very good free radical scavenger. In the present work effect of ferulic
acid was studies on plasmid relaxation and DNA strand breaks in
peripheral blood leukocytes and bone marrow cells of mice exposed to
whole body a-radiation.
Methods/ Plasmid DNA (300-350ng) was exposed to different doses of
radiation in presence and absence of ferulic acid. Concentration
dependent protection of mice blood leukocytes and bone marrow cell
was studies by intraperitoneal administration of different amounts (50,
75 and 100 mg/kg body weight) of ferulic acid I hour prior to 4Gy a
-radiation exposure. Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet
assay) was carried out to study radiation-induced damage to mice blood
leukocytes and bone marrow cells as well as DN A repair study.
Results: Presence of 0.5mM ferulic acid significantly inhibited the
disappearance of super-coiled (CCC) plasmid pBR322 with a reduction
factor (DRF) of 2.0. Intraperitoneal administration of different amounts
of ferulic acid 1 hour prior to radiation exposure showed dose dependent
decrease in the yield of DNA strands breaks in mice peripheral blood
leukocytes and bone marrow cells. The dose dependent protection was
more pronounced in bone marrow cells than in the blood leukocytes.
Administration of 50 mg/kg body weight of ferulic acid after whole body
irradiation of mice showed enhancement in the DNA repair.
Conclusions: Thus ferulic acid is having good radio-protective property
both in vitro and in vivo condition. The possible mechanism of the
radioprotection is free radical scavenging and enhanced DNA repair.
P-113
TITLE: A NOVEL METHOD OF TESTING
RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF OCIMUM SANCTUM IN
PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMI BODY IRRADIATION (HBI).
Prasad D,Ghadge M, Sarin R, Rastc A, ct al, Tata Memorial Hospital.
Objectives: -. Flavinoids- Orienlin and Viccnin from Ocimum sanctum
(OS, Tulasi) extract have shown very promising radioprotector activity
in animal experiments. We have developed a novel clinical model for
testing these agents in vitro. The aim of the current study was to test the
rad ioprotective (RP) e ffect o f Tu Iasi.
Materials and methods: In this ICMR funded DBRCT, patients
undergoing HBI for disseminated cancers are randomised to receive a
placebo or an aqueous extract of OS. HBI provides a unique chance of
testing the RP effects of single high dose RT on the two most
radiosensitive organs (salivary glands & bone marrow) using objective
laboratory' endpoints which is not possible with fractionated RT to
smaller areas of the body. The patients were evaluated pre and post HBI
for salivary' amylase. Super oxide dysmutase (SOD), Glutathione
reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) and haemogram.
Results: In this trial. 95 patients have been enrolled and biochemical data
for 71 patients is available for analysis. The radiation salivary tissue
injury manifested in marked increase in the serum salivary amylase
levels, peaking 24 hours after upper HBI. The peak salivary amylase
levels were significantly higher in the arm A (46 x base line) as compared
to arm B (27 x base line) of the study (p=0.056). This indicates a possible
radioprotective effect on the salivary glands by the Drug in arm B. No
significant variations were noticed in the mean scrum levels of the SOD,
GR and GP or haematological parameters between the two arms of the
study. None of the patients in the trial had any serious adverse even due to
the investigational drug.
Conclusions: The effect of Tulasi on the salivary tissue is encouraging
and merits further investigations. We will have to wait for the completion
of accrual and breaking the code to confirm that Tulasi has indeed
radioprotective effect.
P-114
RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SESAMOL ON ?RADIATION INDUCED CELLULAR CHANGES IN CULTURED
HUMAN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
N. Rajendra Prasad. Vcnugopal P. Menon and K. V. Pugalcndi
radio protective substances possess unacceptable toxicity limiting its
clinical usefulness. Therefore, it is necessary to develop protectors that
will minimize toxicity while maintaining efficacy.
Methods: Cultured lymphocytes were divided into fourteen groups.
Thirty minutes prior to irradiation three lest doses (1, 5 and 10 ?
g/ml) of sesamol were added to the grouped normal lymphocytes.
Lymphocytes dispersed in 35 mm Petri dishes covered with a membrane
(transpire surgical tape ? 1527-3) were irradiated. The cobalt teletherapy
unit (Phonex,60Co) was used for in vitro irradiation(l,2 and 4 Gy).
DCabcrration, micronuclci, TBARS, GSH, SOD, CAT and GPx were
studied.
Results: Our results show that there is a dose dependent increase in the
MN, DC frequencies and lipid peroxidation levels and decrease in
GSH levels and SOD, CAT and GPx activities in ?
-irradiated lymphocytes. On the other hand pretreatment of sesamol
decreased the frequencies of MN, DC and TBARS levels and increased
the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx to normal levels in a
concentration dependent manner.
Discussion: The radio protective effect of sesamol can be explained by
the scavenging of free radicals before they cause damage to cellular
macromolecules because sesamol is a potent antioxidant with the
capacity for free radical trapping.
Conclusion: Even at very low concentration sesamol exhibited radio
protective effect and hence sesamol may be usefill in the protection of
normal cells during ionizing radiation exposure
P-115
RADIO PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SPINACIA OLERACEA
ON BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY IN BRAIN OF SWISS
ALBINO MICE AFTERGAMMA EXPOSURE
Ra jcsh Kumar Verma*, Dhankcsh Mccna, R. Sisodiaand A. L. Bhatia
Department of Zoology, Univ, of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) 302004
Introduction : Present study is an attempt to investigate the protective
effect of Spinacia oleracea extract (SE) against radiation induced
oxidative stress, which is evaluated in term of biochemical parameters of
lipid peroxidation, cholesterol, protein and glycogen concentrations.
Spinacia oleracea L. is rich in antioxidant compounds like carotenoids (carotene, lutein and zeaxanthine), ascorbic acid, flavonoids and protein,
which is easily available and affordable throughout the year it could be
recommend in dietary course for the personnels working with radiation
in laboratories as well as to the population residing in areas where they
arc continuously exposed to background radiation.
Methods : Swiss albino mice of 6 weeks weighing 22±3 gm were
selected and divided into four groups. One group which did not receive
any treatment (normal) and two groups were supplemented orally with
SE at a dose of 1100 mg/kg.b.wt./day dissolved in double distal water
(DDW) for 15 consecutive days. Fourth group was given orally the
DDW. Then two groups, one with drug treated and another DDW treated,
were exposed to 5 Gy of gamma radiation. The animals were autopsied at
1,3,7,15 and 30 days post-exposure and brain was removed for
estimation of biochemical parameter.
Results: The radiation-induced augmentation in LPO, cholesterol and
glycogen content of brain was significantly ameliorated by the drug. The
radiation-induced depletion in protein was also significantly protected
by the drug treatment.
Conclusions: Results evaluated from this study clearly indicate the
antioxidalive property of SE against gamma radiation, which is
suggestive of free radicals scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University,
Annamalainagar- 608 002, India.
Introduction: The development of radiation protectors is important not
only to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment, but also for the
study of the underlying mechanisms of radiation cytotoxicity. Available
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
P-116
RADIOMODULATORY INFLUENCE OF NUTMEG
(MYRISTICA FRAGRANS) EXTRACT IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
AFT ER WHOLE BODY EXPOSURE TO GAMMA RADIATION
■
M. Sharma. S. Sharma & M. Kumar
Ceil & Molecular Bio. Lab Department ofZoology,
University of Rajasthan. Jaipur.
Introduction . In recent years, an extensive research work has been
earned out in the field of radioprotection. Several synthetic compounds
have been tested against radiation but their practical applicability is
limited due to toxicity at effective dose levels. Myristica fragrans
(Family : Myristicaceae) has been widely used as a spice and herbal
medicine.
Methods : To determine its possible radioprotective role, animals were
divided into four groups. I Control : Animals were administered 0.9%
NaCl orally. Il Myristica fragrans (MF) treated group : The animals were
administered 10 mg/kg body weight MF seed extract orally in 0.9%
NaCl. Ill Radiation treated group : The animals were exposed to 8 Gy
gamma radiation. IV Combination group : Animals were administered
MF seed extract continuously for three days and on 3,d day, they were
irradiated to 8Gy gamma radiation after 30 minutes of extract
administration. Animals were autopsied at 48 hours and testis were taken
to analyse LPO, GSH level and histopathological studies.
Results : A highly significant increase m TBARS (P < 0.001) and
decreased GSH (P < 0.001) level was observed in irradiated (Group III)
animals. Irradiated testis revealed shrinkage of tubules, broken germinal
epithelium, pycnotic nuclei, germ ceil depletion specially
spermatogonia and spermatocytes. All above pathological symptoms
were reduced in MF pretreated irradiated animals. A significant
reduction in TBARS (P < 0.001) and increased GSH (P < 0.001) content
was also noticed. No significant alteration was observed in MF treated
group as compared to control (normal).
Conclusion : Present result suggest that radioprotection afforded by MF
might be possible due to its free radical scavenging activity generated by
ionizing radiation.
P-117
RADIO PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ACTONE EXTRACT OF
CENTELLA ASIATICA
AGAINST GAMMA RADIATION
INDUCED LESIONS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF MICE.
R. Sharma, Jaimala
showed severe decline in their number after irradiation while MCV,
MCH and platelets started to increase up to significant level after few
hours of irradiation,in 8 Gy irradiated Group in comparison to normal
animals (< 0.001). Experimental animals also showed same trend but this
damage was significant lesser (< 0.05 to <0.001) at each autopsy
interval, in comparison to control animals. Hemoglobin content,
hematocrit value and number of RBC and WBC count showed lesser
decline, while MCV, MCH and platelets count showed lesser increase in
their number. We did not observe any significant change in MCHC value
in both control and experimental values.
Conclusion : From these finding it is proved that acetone extract of
Centclia asiatica protected peripheral blood against gamma radiation
induced damage.
P-118
MODULATION OF RADIATION INDUCED ALTERATION IN
THE ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF MICE BY NARINGIN.
D.Subba Reddy, Tiyyagura Koti Reddy and Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576
104.
Introduction: The alteration in the antioxidant status and lipid
peroxidation was investigated in Swiss albino mice treated with 2 mg/kg
b.wt. naringin a citrus flavoglycosidc, before exposure to 0.5,1,2,3, and
4 Gy gamma radiation.
Methods: Lipid peroxidation, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase,
catalase and superoxide dismutase were determined in the liver and
small intestine of mice treated or not with naringin at 0.5, 1,2,4 and 8 h
post-irradiation.
Results: Whole-body irradiation of mice caused a dose dependent
elevation in the lipid peroxidation while a dose dependent depletion was
observed for glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase
and catalase in both liver as well as small intestine. Treatment of mice
with 2 mg/kg b. wt. naringin inhibited the radiation induced elevation in
the lipid peroxidation as well as depletion of glutathione, glutathione
peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver and small
intestine. Radiation-induced lipid peroxidation increased with lime,
which was greatest at 2 h post-irradiation and declined thcrafler in the
liver and small intestine. Similarly a maximum decline in the glutathione
glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was observed at I h,
while catalase showed a maximum decline at 2 h post-irradalion.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that naringin protects mouse liver
and intestine against the radiation-induced damage by elevating the
antioxidant status and reducing the lipid peroxidation.
Department ofZoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302004, India
Introduction : Hematopoietic tissues are the most radiosensitive tissues
of the body. After whole body exposure, the manifestations of injury to
mammalian tissues are well reflected in peripheral blood. Ionizing
radiation causes severe damage in to blood cells. Irradiation to 6 and 8
Gy gamma irradiation leads to the destruction of circulating blood cells.
For this purpose we have tested a medicinal plant Cantella asiatica. Il
belongs to the family Apiaccae. It has been used around the world to treat
leprosy, cancer, skin disorders, arthritis, hcmorrhoidcs and tuberculosis.
Il is known as brain tonic. It improves learning, memory and strengthen
central nervous system.
Methods : The experiments were conducted on Swiss albino mice 6-8
week old. weighing 25 (±2) gm. The whole body of the animals were
exposed to 6 and 8 Gy gamma radiation. The animals were pretreated
with acetone extract of Centclia asiatica, orally at the dose rate of 25
mg/kg b.w.. one hour prior to irradiation. Animals were divided in 3
groups. I group served as normal group. Group II was irradiated with 8
Gy of gamma rays and served as control group. Group 111 was pretreated
with Acetone extract of Cantella asiatica and exposed to 8 Gy of gamma
radiation. This group served as experimental group.
Results: Hemoglobin content, hematocrit value, RBC and WBC count
P-119
ELISA TO MONITOR AMPLIFIED HEMOLYSIS BY THE
COMBINED ACTION OFOSMOTIC STRESS AND RADIATION
: APPLICATIONS IN MONITORING RADIOPROTECTORS
AND MEM BRANE STABILIZERS.
Saurabh Chatterjee. Sudha Prcmachandran, R. S. Bagewadikar and
T.BPoduval.
Immunology and Hyperthermia Section, Radiation Biology and Health
Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay. Mumbai
400 085, India.
saurabhchaiierjecl@rcdifrmail.com
A new assay has been developed to study the osmotic fragility of red
blood cells (RBCs) and the involvement of oxygen-derived free radicals
and other oxidant species in causing human red blood cell hemolysis
(RBCH). The amount of hemoglobin released into the supernatant.
which is a measure of RBCH, is monitored using an ELISA reader, which
significantly reduced the assay time for hemoglobin measurements and
blood volume required to obtain the desired number of RBCs. This
ELISA based osmotic fragility test (OFT) compared well with the
established OFT, with (he added advantage of significantly reduced time
and the requirement of only 60 1 of blood, to analyze 192 samples,
present in two 96 well ELISA plates This small amount of blood was
collected fresh, by finger puncture, and diluted 50 times immediately
afterwards with PBS, thus eliminating the use of anticoagulants and the
subsequent washings. Since exposure of RBCs to 400 Gy -radiation
caused less than 5% hemolysis 24 h after radiation, the new method
amplified the RBCH induced by radiation by irradiating the cell in
hypotonic saline. Exposure of RBC suspension to 400 Gy radiation in the
presence of 0.09% NaCl. significantly increased the RBCH, compared to
the RBCH. observed in 0.09% NaCl solution alone. The method was
validated by examining the protective effect ofTrolox, an analog of
vitamin E and reduced glutathione(GSH), a well known radioprotcclor
against RBCH caused by the combined action of radiation and osmotic
stress. Trolox, a known membrane stabilizer and an antioxidant and
GSH, offered significant protection against RBCH, induced by the
combined action of osmotic stress and 400Gy irradiation. Thus this new
method, which is simple, needs significantly less time and RBCs, offers
the scope, to study the effect of various antioxidants and membrane
stabilizers, in modifying the RBCH induced by various stressors
including radiation and other oxidative stresses. This method also offers
scope to assess the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes, in various
laboratory and clinical studies
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTIN/
I
Date: 12* January2005
Time;
1430-1600 H
Chairpersons: Sucheta Dhandekar India
B
Germany
observed after 24 hr of CHL (200 g / gbw) administration It also
augmented nitric oxide generation, phagocytic activity and humoral and
cell mediated immune responses in mice.
Conclusions: Our studies demonstrated the antioxidant/radioprotective
and immunomodulatory properties of CHL in cellular and animal
models.
/• RE E RA DICA LS AND ANTIOXIDANTS INA POPTOSIS
NITRIC OXIDE
P-120
ALTERATIONS OF ARGINASE ACTIVITY IN SWISS MICE AS
A RESPONSETOWHOLE BODY HYPERTHERMIA(WBH)
Dechen Chodon and D Sakthisekaran
R. S. Bagewadikar, Saurabh Chatterjee, Sudha Prcmachandran, and
T.B.Poduval
Department of Medical Biochemistry
a
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P-122
INHIBITION OF CELL PROLIFERATION AND INDUCTION
OF APOPTOSIS BY GENISTEIN IN EXPERIMENTAL
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai-600113. India
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major cancers with
highest mortality in the world. The isoflavonoid in soyabean, genislein
has been proposed to contribute anticanccr effect. So the present study
was aimed to test the anticancer potential of the isoflavonc gcnistcin in
N-nilrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced and Phenobarbital promoted
experimental HCC in Wistar albino rats using the measurement of
proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) by immunohistochemistry
and apoptosis (DN A Fragmentation) by agarose gel electrophoresis. The
results showed the inhibition of the expression of PCNAby gcnistcin and
induced apoptosis too. The present study reveals that the isoflavonc
gcnistcin has anticancer activities by inhibiting tumor cell growth and
also inducing apoptosis in experimental hepatoma bearing animals.
P-121
Immunology and Hyperthermia Section, Radiation Biology and Health
Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai
400 085, India.
The objective of this study is to find the role of arginase in
thermoregulation of mice exposed to heat stress caused by whole body
hyperthermia treatment. Arginase catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to
urea and ornithine. It is a key enzyme taking part in several pathways of
intermediary metabolism. In mammalian cells, L-arginine is used as a
substrate by both nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) and Arginase. Arginase
and NOS share a common substrate. NO production is likely to be linked
to the regulation of arginase activity. WBH treatment stimulates NO
production which causes thermoregulatory vasodilation. In present
studies the effect of WBH on arginase activity in hepatic and
extrahepatic tissue has been studied under different conditions, to find
out the role of arginase in heal stress condition. It was observed that
reduced activity in liver of WBH treated mice as compared to normal
mice liver. However in extra hepatic tissue like kidney, arginase shows
increase in activity as compared to normal mice kidney. Administration
of arginine to mice treated with WBH showed arginase activity to normal
level. Thus arginase shows alteration in its activity due to thermal stress.
ANTIOXIDANT AND IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES
OFCHLOROPHYLLIN IN VITRO MW IN VIVO
D. Sharma, S. Santosh Kumar. B. Shankar and K. B. Sainis
Bioscience Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085,
India
P-123
Introduction: Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water soluble salt of green plant
pigment chlorophyll has been reported to be antimutagenic and
anticarcinogcnic against a wide variety of mutagens and carcinogens.
Recently, it was successfully used as a chemopreventive agent in humans
who are al high risk of exposure to liver carcinogen aflatoxin Bl in
certain pans of China, Our previous reports have shown the antioxidant
and radioprotective activities of this non-sulfhydryl compound in cell
free systems. In the present studies, antioxidant and immunomodulatory
properties of CHL were explored in vitro and in vivo in spleen cells from
BALB/cmice.
Methods: Entry of CHL in cells was estimated speclrophotometrically.
Gamma radiation and 2,2'-azobis(2- propiommidinedihydrochloridc)
were used to induce oxidative stress in cells. Intracellular free radicals
were measured by labeling the cells with dichlorodihydrofluorcsccin
diacetaic (DCF-DA) using flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were
measured by propidium iodide staining. Cell proliferation was estimated
by carboxyfluorescein diacetale succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dye dilution
followed by flow cytometry. Phagocytic activity of peritoneal
macrophages was assessed flow cytometrically using fluorescein
isothiocyanate (F1TC) labeled bacteria. Nitric oxide generation by
splenic adherent cells was estimated using Griess reagent. In vivo B and
T cell responses following sheep red blood cell (SRBC) immunization
were measured by plaque forming cell assay and increase in footpad
thickness respectively.
Results: CHL was found to enter spleen cells and also scavenged
radiation and AAPH-derived free radicals significantly. CHL
administration to mice protected against whole body irradiation (WBI)
induced apoptosis and lipid peroxidation. About 50 % inhibition was
IRRADIATION INDUCED NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION,
iNOS ACTIVATION AND INHIBITION BY CURCUMIN AND
NICOTINAMIDE.
H.Narangand M. Krishna
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, B.A.R.C, Mumbai,
India
Introduction: Nitric oxide is produced endogenously by a family of
nitric oxide synthases and has a wide range of physiological and
pathophysiological actions. Increased iNOS exprcssion/activation is
reported in breast, CNS and nervous system tumors. Nitration, the
consequence of NO production also has been found to be increased in
many inflammatory conditions. These inflammatory conditions can be
alleviated by curcumin. Curcumin and nicotinamide arc both known to
be anlicarcinogenic. Their mechanism of action is not known and seems
to be multi-pronged. In this study we have examined the effects of
irradiation on NO production, iNOS activation and the subsequent
nitration of proteins, their modulation by curcumin, nicotinamide and
JNK inhibitor.
Methods: Peritoneal macrophages were activated with LPS followed
by irradiation in presence or absence of modulators. NO production in
culture supernatants was estimated by Greiss reaction. Expression
profiles of iNOS and total nitrated proteins were estimated by western
blot and dot blot assay respectively.
Results: Increase in NO production after irradiation was due to increase
in iNOS expression. Inhibition by curcumin, nicotinamide and JNK
inhibitor was more profound at the level of NO production and nitration
ESTIMATION INDIA
rather than iNOS expression. Curcumin and the JNK inhibitor together
did not show synergistic effect on the inhibition of NO, iNOS activation
and nitration.
Conclusion.- Induction of iNOS is not the only mechanism that controls
the NO production. Nitration is also regulated at various steps.
P-124
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXIDANT
ACTIVIT YOFDERIVATIVESOFGALLICACID
Natrajan Ramalakshmi 1, Thiyagarajan Saraswathy 1, Subramani
Arun kumar2
1.Depar tment of pharmaceutical chemistry. C.L.Baid Metha college of
Pharmacy.
2.Department of pharmaceutical chemistry S.R.M college
of
pharmacy.
Introduction: Gallic Acid is found to have various pharmacological
activities like anti- bacterial . analgesics . vaso constrictor . anti
cancer,chcmoprotective, antifungal, anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant.
The present paper deals with synthesis of4 derivatives ofgallic acid and
evaluation oftheir anti-oxidant acti vites.
Method: 4 compounds have been synthesized from pqiyl gallate. 4
different hctcrocylic ring namely indole, spirothiazoline. oxadiazinc
and pthalazinc hav e been incorporated tn propyl gallate .Their anti
oxidant activity have been evaluated by Nitric -oxide scavenging
method.
Result: All the 4 compounds showed good anti-oxidant activity than that
of the parent compound propyl gallate. The anti-oxidant activity for
various compounds are
= 508gg/ml
propyl gallate
propyl gallate containing indole IC50
- 358j.ig/ml
propyl gallate containingspirothiazoline
= 322gg/ml
propyl gallate containing oxadiazme
= 384pg/ml
propyl gallate containing pthalazinc
- 372gg/ml
Conclusion: It is concluded that the nitrogen containing heterocycles ,
when they are attached to gallic acid .increases anti-oxidant activity of
gallic acid.
RECENTADVANCES IN MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS
P-125
GLUTATHIONE REDOX PARADIGM IN BLOOD, A
BIOMARKER OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN EPIDEMIC
DROPSY PATIENTS
Kishore Babu, Subhash IGKhanna, Mukul Das
Food Toxicology Laboratory. Industrial Toxicology Research Centre,
blood ofdropsy patients and compared with healthy control subjects.
Results: Erythrocytes of the patients were found to be more susceptible
to AAPH induced peroxidative stress. Significant decrease (p<0.05) in
GSH (40%) and increase in GSSG (196%) levels were found in dropsy
patients when compared to control. Further, significant decrease
(p<0.05) of glutathione reductase (47%), glutathioncS-lransfcrase
(54%) and glucosc-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (51%) activities were
observed in dropsy patients. The glutathione redox potential was found
to have more oxidative environment in the erythrocytes of the patients (178 mV) than controls (-213 mV).
Conclusions: These finding suggests that the over production of ROS
leads to an increase in erythrocyte susceptibility along with pro-oxidant
environment in the erythrocytes of the patients which may be associated
with the development of anemia.
USE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS IN HUMAN HEALTH
P-J26
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ARSENIC INDUCED
MICRONUCLEI FORMATION IN MOUSE BONE MARROW
Ambika Sharma, Mukcsh Kumar Sharma and Madhu Kumar, Cell and
Molecular Biology Laboratory
Department of Zoology. University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004
(INDIA)
The environmental contaminant arsenic (As) causes cancer,
developmental retardation and other degenerative diseases and thus is a
serious health concern worldwide. Effect of Eniblica officinalis fruit
extract (EO) against arsenic induced genotoxicity was studied. In order
to investigate the protective efficacy of EO extract against arsenic
induced genotoxicity, Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 groups.
Group I:- No treatment was given. Group II:- Sodium arsenite 4.0mg/kg
body weight was given. Group 111:- Eniblica officinalis extract
(500mg/kg body weight) was given. Group IV:- Eniblica officinalis (500
mg/kg body weight) was given 10 days before sodium arsenite treatment
and continued upto 30 days after treatment. The bone marrow cells were
collected at different time intervals following various treatments and
processed for scoring micronuclei (MN). Arsenic intoxication caused
highly significant (P<0.00l) enhancement in MN frequency. Pre and
post treatment of EO extract with arsenic showed highly significant
reduction (PO.OOl) in MN frequency. In order to know the mechanism
of arsenic induced genotoxiety, reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid
peroxidation (LPO) in blood were also measured. A significant decrease
in GSH content and increase in LPO was observed in blood of arsenic
intoxicated mice. Whereas, in combined treatment of EO with arsenic,
showed a highly significant elevation in GSH level and a highly
significant decline in LPO level in blood of Swiss albino mice. Thus in
our present study, results strongly suggest that As-induced genotoxicity
in bone marrow of Swiss albino mice can be alleviated/protected by
Eniblica officinalis fruit extract.
Lucknow-226001. INDIA
Introduction: Epidemic dropsy is an acute food adulterant toxic
syndrome caused by the consumption of edible oils contaminated with
argemone oil (AO). Interconvertible sanguinarine and
dihydrosanguinarine alkaloids are the toxic etiological agents present in
AO. Our prior in vitro studies have demonstrated that the toxicity of AO
is due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since,
normocytic anemia is the characteristic feature of dropsy, the present
study was designed to investigate the role of oxidative stress and
prooxidative environment in die RBCs ofdropsy patients.
Methods: Blood of 21 dropsy patients and 7 healthy volunteers were
collected. Erythrocyte stability to 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane)
dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced peroxidative stress, glutathione
reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) content. GSH redox potential
including GSH related enzymatic antioxidants were measured in the
P-127
KINETICS OF OXIDATION OF CURCUMIN BY
T-BUTOXYL RADICALS IN WATERACETON11 RILE
MEDIUM.
L.Charitha and M.Adinarayana, Department of Chemistry, Osmania
University, Hyderabad 500007
Introduction: Curcumin is a biologically active phenolic compound
from the plant Curcuma longa (turmeric), a natural yellow pigment.
Curcumin, exhibits bactericidal action and may minimize oxidative
damage through free radical scavenging. In this context, the study of
kind ics ofoxidation ofcurcumin by t-BuO has been undertaken.
Methods: 1 he kinetics of oxidation of curcumin by t-BuO in water
acetonitrile medium was followed at its m„422 nm on a Chemito 2100
UV-vis spectrophotometer. t-BuOOH is activated to radical reactions at
254 nm and hence, light intensity at 254 nm is measured using
peroxydisulphatc chemical actinometry' to calculate quantum yields.
Results: The initial rates of oxidation of curcumin by t-BuO were found
to increase with increase in [curcumin], [t-BuOOH] as well as light
intensity'. Also in the absence of t-BuOOH, there is no change in the
concentration of curcumin on shining the light. This indicates that
curcumin might be acting as sensitizer and transfer energy to t-BuOOH
which homolytically cleaves to give radicals. The fractional order
dependence of rates on [curcumin] as well as [t-BuOOH] indicates a pre
equilibrium step involving curcumin and the t-BuO radical which
subsequently undergoes oxidation process leading to the formation of
curcumin which on further oxidation by t-BuO radical gives final
product. Al pH=7 the keto form predominates and the heptadienonc
linkage between the iwo-methoxy phenol rings contains a highly
activated carbon atom. We propose that H-atom donation may take place
from this CH, due to weak C-H bond and delocalisation of unpaired
electron on the adjacent oxygens.
P-128
QUERCETIN A BIOFLAVONOID, ATTENUATES
LIPOSACCHARIDES INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT LIVER
‘Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, BARC,
Trombay, India-400085.
Introduction : The interest in the study of the biological activities of
medicinal plants is growing rapidly because of their natural origin and
minimal side effects. Terminalia bellerica is a medicinal plant whose
extract is widely used in certain ayurvedic formulations. The extract of
this plant was tested for its potential antioxidant activity in
Saccharoniyces cerevisiae and various invitro tests were also conducted.
Methods : Colony forming assay was performed to determine the
influence of the extract on the survival response of Saccharomyccs
cerevisiae. For this purpose YEPD agar medium was used for growing
the cells. Initially the cells were grown as a lawn culture and then the cells
from the lawn were used for inoculation and liquid culturing was carried
out and the cells were grown to saturation. Phenolic content of the extract
was determined. pBR322 assay , DPPH and superoxide scavenging
assays were also performed. The extract was tested for its activity in wild
type X2180 strain of yeast.
Results : The extract was found to be a good antioxidant. In S. cells, it
significantly reduced the damage caused by radiation as evidenced by
the survival response of the yeast cells. The growth of the yeast cells
revealed the potential role of the extract as a good radioprotector against
damage by ionizing radiation. Further, the extract was found to
effectively inhibit radiation induced strand breaks in plasmid DNA.
Studies also showed that radiation induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver
microsomes was inhibited by the extract and 1CJO value was found to be
13 pg/rnl. The extract was found to scavenge free radicals as
demonstrated by DPPH and superoxide scavenging assays.
Conclusion : Results indicate that phenolic compounds present in the
extract were probably responsible for the protective ability against
radiation damage.
Gaganjit Kaur. Sangccia Pilkhwal, Navccn Tirkey, Anurag Kuhad and
Kanwaljit Chopra
Pharmacology division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences. Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
Introduction: Septicaemia caused by G-negative pathogen is a
dangerous complication and is associated with high incidence of liver
dysftinction. Beside other factors the direct effect of endotoxin to a
variety of organs is probably due to increase in production of reactive
oxygen intermediates such as 02.-. peroxides and nitric oxide. Quercetin
(QT) and its sugar conjugates arc the most abundantly distributed
biofalvonoids in plant kingdom and has potent antioxidant properties.
Thus the present study is aimed at investigating the effect of QT in
salvaging endotoxin-induced hepatic dysfunction and oxidative stress in
rat liver.
Methods: Male wistar rats (150-200g) bred in central animal house of
Panjab University, Chandigarh, India were used. Hepatotoxicity was
induced by administering lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in a single dose of 1
mg/kg intraperitoneally to the rats, which were being administered QT
daily for 14 days. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT), total bilinibin and total
protein were estimated in serum. Oxidative stress in liver tissue
homogenates was estimated by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide
dismutase (SOD).
Result: LPS induced a marked hepatic dysfunction evident by rise in
serum levels of ALT, AST and total bilirubin (P<0.05). TBARS levels
were significantly increased whereas GSH and SOD levels decreased in
the liver homogenates of LPS treated rats. Chronic treatment of QT
successfully attenuated these effects of LPS.
P-129
INFLUENCE OF Terminalia bellarica
RESPONSE OVSaccharomyces cerevisiae
ON THE
R. Gangabhagirathi1 GH.Naik 2 K.I.Priyadarshini2 Hari Mohan and
K.P.Mishra "Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division,
P-130
ANTI-OXIDANT
ACTIVITY OF EXRACTS OF
BALIOSPERMUM MONTATUM
R.IIavarasan, Govindarajan.S, Krishnakumar.E, Babu.R, Prabhu.K,
Surcnder Raj, Venkatarghavan
C.L.Baid Mctha College of Pharmacy, Chennai-96
Introduction: Anti- oxidants often referred to as free radical
scavengers. Plants arc potential source of anti oxidants, these have strong
tendency to neutralize free radicals and thus prevent cell damage to the
biological systems. Here we attempt to evaluate the anti oxidant activity
of ethanolic and water extracts ofbaliospermum montanum
Methods: The invitro antioxidant potential of ethanol and water extracts
(25-800?g) were evaluated for the following parameters using
spectrophotometer. Nitric oxide scavenging was measured using
sodiumnitroprussidc/Gricss reagent.
The degree of lipid peroxidation was assayed by estimating
thiobarbituric acid substances using ferrous sulphate in liver
homogenate while reduced glutathione assay was determined by method
of Ellman using trichloroacetic acid in EDTA in liver homogenate.
DPPH method was also performed.
Results: Both the extracts of BM (ethanol and water) showed free
radical scavenging activity. It also inhibits lipid peroxidation the
ethanolic extract showed significantly higher percentage inhibition in
the above-mentioned parameters. The ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract
showed IC50 at the 512?g, 867?g concentration in NO, DPPH(606?g ,
598?g )and lipid per oxidation (564?g, 598?g)and glutathione reduced
assay (765?g, 567?g) respectively.
Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and lipid per
oxidation inhibition \indicatcs that baliospermum montanum might be a
valuable natural anti oxidative source.
W Or ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION shOr
Graohic Point
P-131
IN VITRO INHIBITION OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN
FISH BY TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA)
Hilda Priya D'Souza, HR Prabhu
The extract of the plant showed significant inhibition of CC1, induced
lipid peroxidation up to 33.99%, which was comparable with the
vitaniin-E (41.17%). used as standard.
Conclusions: Both the in vitro and in vivo study showed that the
ethanolic extract of the roots of Polygala chincnsis rich in polyphcnolics
has significant anti-oxidant property.
Centre for Basic Sciences, Bejai Mangalore-4
The beneficial effects of u-3 fatty acids on human health have been well
documented. Fish and fish oils are the richest sources of u
-3 fatly acids, which are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Regular
consumption of cooked fish may be a risk factor for the induction and
development of atherosclerosis due to the lipid peroxidation. In the
present study, the antioxidant effects of turmeric on fish during standard
cooking practices and on time-dependant changes in the peroxidation of
fish homogenate was investigated. The antioxidant effects of a
-tocopherol were studied to confirm the relevance of the used test
method. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactivity in the homogenate was
determined by following the method of Luotola. The amount of lipid
peroxidation was determined using the molar extinction coefficient of
MDAas 1.55* 105and expressed as nmoles TBARS as MDA equivalent
/gm of tissue. Peroxides formed in each groups with control were
measured by thiobarbituric acid reactivity method at different time
intervals and expressed as MDA equi valcnt/gm of tissue.
Homogenate treated with turmeric in cooking medium showed
significantly decrease (p<0.01) in peroxide level as compared to control.
The effects of TBARS with turmeric at different time intervals as hourly
for 4 hours showed 2.7%, 15.8%, 15.8%, 18.7% respectively as compared
to controls.
The results indicate a significant protective action of turmeric against
lipid peroxidation in the cooked fish and fish homogenate as compared to
that of a- tocopherol. Based on these findings, turmeric may be
considered as a safe, cheap and easy to use antioxidant for food
preaparation.
P-132
ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POLYPHENOLICS
ENRICHED ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF POLYGALA
CHINENSISIANH.
A.Elavaraja, S.Ramasamy, S. Jasmine, S.K.Singh & R.S.Srivastava
Department of Pharmaceutics, I.T., B.H.U., Varanasi-221005
Introduction: Oxidative damage has been implicated in enzymes, DNA,
carbohydrates etc. and provoke chain reactions like uncontrolled lipid
pcroxidation/aulo-oxidation, resulting in the manifestation of diseases
Polygala chincnsis Linn (Indian senega), family Polygalaccae, is widely
used for the treatment of fever, dizziness, asthma, chronic bronchitis and
cataract in Indian systems of medicine. The ethanolic extract of the root,
rich in polyphenolics viz. xanthones, flavonoids, phenolic acids and their
glycosides has been used to evaluate the anti-oxidant potential both in in
vitro and in vivo experimental models.
P-133
FREE RADICAL- INDUCED MEMBRANE DAMAGE
ANDANTIOXIDATIVE/RADIOPROTECTIVEROLEOF
HERBALPRODUCTS
J.P.Kamat and K.P.Mishra
Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre. Mumbai-400 085
Introduction : Oxidative stress and its adverse effects are inevitable to
living cells and are being highly implicated in many diseases. Therefore,
intake of natural antioxidants credited with
phytochemicals/micronutrients is of paramount importance. To this end,
we have extensively investigated the anlioxidativc/radioprolcctivc role
of aqueous extracts of two indigenous medicinal plants, Andrographis
paniculata (Ap) and Swertia chirata (Sc) in cellular system.
Methods; Using rat liver mitochondria as a model system, oxidative
damage-induced by -radiation, photosensitization and physiological
oxidants was monitored against membrane constituents, lipids, proteins,
antioxidant defenses as well as detoxication system. Degradation of
mitochondrial protein was measured employing SDS-PAGE technique.
To under stand the possible mechanism, scavenging capacity of these
extracts against superoxide, hydroxyl and other stable radicals was also
investigated.
Results; Exposure of rat liver mitochondria to ROS generating agents, in
presence of Andrographis paniculata (Ap) and Swertia chirata
(Sc)(50g/mI) independently demonstrated significant depletion
(P<0.001) in oxidative damage as exemplified by reduced levels of
peroxides, carbonyl formation, and restoration to detoxication
/antioxidant defenses. Both the extracts could prevent degradation of
mitochondrial proteins. Extracts have high scavenging reactivity with
superoxide/ hydroxyl radicals, high reducing activity and considerable
amounts of phenolic contents. The exvivo studies significantly
demonstrated antioxidative effects of the extracts. In view of these
observation, Andrographis paniculata and Swertia chirata may emerge
as an effective radioprotective /antioxidative agents. Possible
mechanism with relevance to antioxidative potential will be discussed.
Conclusion; In conclusion, the extracts of Andrographispaniculata and
Swertia chirata exhibit antioxidative and radioprotective effects and
may thus have potential therapeutic applications in radiobiology and
chemotherapy to protect normal tissues from radiation and drugs
respectively.
Method: The estimation of lipid peroxidation was done by thiobarbutric
acid (TBA) assay method. TBA forms a colored adduct with
malondialdehyde (MDA), which is one of the major peroxidation
products of rat brain phospholipid and has been measured
colorimetrically at e 532 nm. In in vitro study, ferric ion /ascorbic acid
was used as induccr of hydroxyl radical. While in in vivo the animals
were divided into four groups (six animals in each). One group was
intoxicated with CC14 the control group received only vehicle (1 % PEG),
other two groups were treated with the sample and Vitamin-E used as
standard.
Results: In in vitro study, the ethanolic extract of the plant showed high
degree of protection on rat brain lipid peroxidation up to 76.93 ± 0.28%.
The inhibitory effect was also found to be dose dependent up to 800
mcg/37.5mg of brain tissue. In in vivo study, CCl„ used as inducer of free
radical, elevated the MDA contents from 18.8 ± 1.96% to 85.65 ± 1.64%.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION* OkO-i
P-134
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME COMMON
PLANTS OF MEDICINAL VALUE : A COMPARATIVE
STUDY
S. Mukhopadhyay1, S. Sen, A. Ghosh, M KarAK Ghosh
Department of Biochemistry, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and
Hospital, Kolkata 700014.
W B. India
Introduction : Some common Indian medicinal plants used in
traditional Ayurveda sysem have antioxidant activities. They contain
plenty oi polyphenols, coumarines and antioxidant vitamins like A,E,C
etc. .In the present study we estimated antioxidant potency of following
plants viz. : fenugreek or methi (Trigonella foenumgraecum), pudina
(Menthe piperita), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), bectel (Piper beetle), neem
(Azadirachta indicus). Turmeric (Curcuma longa). Jashtimadhu
(Glycyrrhiza glabra), anantmul (Hemidesmus indicus ). bhuiamla
(Phylanthusnirurri)and sajina (Moringa oleifera).
Materials and Methods : The aqueous extract of the aerial part of
Phylanthus nirurri .green leaves of Menthe piperita, Ocimum sanctum.
Piper beetle, Azadirachta indicus, Moringa oleifera, the seeds of
Trigonella foenumgraecum . root of Curcuma longa and root bark of
Glycyrrhiza glabra. Hemidesmus indicus were taken for the in vitro
examination. The anti oxidant potential of these plant extracts were
determined by estimating superoxide dismutsc (SOD) activity, catalase
activity, total reduced glutathione & total anti oxidant status against
Trolox. SOD activity' was estimated by using NBT system. The catalase
activity was estimated by estimating rate of change of H,O_, degradation
by using Ammonium molybdate.. Reduced GSH is measured bu DTNB
system and total antioxidant status , based on the TRAP assay against
Trolox.
serum levels of GPT, GOT, CK-MB and LDH indicating that ANT
protected against the DOX induced cardiotoxicity. Pretreatment of mice
with 25 mg/kg ANT inhibited the DOX-induccd decline in the
antioxidant status. Intraperitoneal injection of 1.25 mg/kg DOX once
daily for 9 consecutive days, significantly improved the survival of mice
bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Treatment of EAC with 25
mg/kg ANT alone did not affect the anticancer activity of DOX since
ANT did not alter the tumor cell growth, median survival time and
average survival time oftumor bearing mice.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that ANT, protects mice
against the DOX-induccd cardiotoxicity, without compromising with the
antineoplastic activity of DOX.
P-136
CHEMOPREVENTIVE & ANTI MUTAGEN IC
PROPERTIES OF ACACIA NILOTICA (LINN.) ON 7,12DIMETHYLBENZ(A) ANTHRACENE INDUCED SKIN
PAPILLOMAGENESIS IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
P.D. Meena, P. Kaushik and A. Kumar, Cancer & Radiation Biology
Laboratory, Department ofZoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302
004, India
Introduction : Acacia nilotica Linn. (Babul), Family-Leguminosac,
widely distributed in Rajasthan, has been subjected to long term clinical
trials in folk medicine. The present investigation is an attempt to evaluate
the chcmoprevcntive & antimutagenic effects of Acacia nilotica (AN)
aqueous extracts on DMBA/ croton oil induced skin papillomagenesis in
Swiss albino mice.
Result: While evaluating comparative total anti oxidant activity of the
experimental herbal samples , significant total anti oxidant activity
against known antioxidant Trolox arc observed in decreasing order in the
following samples Phylanthus nirurri, Glycyrrhiza glabra , Trigonella
focnumgraaecum , Ocimum sanctum, Menthe piperita, Azadirachta
indicus, Hemidesmus indicus. Curcuma longa, Piper beette. and
Moringa oleifera.
Methods : For this purpose, male Swiss albino mice were divided into
two groups. Group I (Control)-In which animals were given DMBA and
croton oil, no extract was given. In group II (treatment) animals were
treated with AN gum (Group Il-a) (800 mg/kg body weight /day), AN
flower (Group I I-b), AN leaf (Group II-c) during peri and post initiation
periods of DMBA and croton oil application. Animals were observed to
16 weeks for the presence of papi Homas.
Conclusion : The encouraging anti oxidant properties of those plants
extracts can be valuable candidates for the treatment of free radical
mediated disease conditions.
Results : AN Gum, flower and leaf extracts treated mice showed a
significant reduction in tumor burden, tumor incidence, cumulative
number of papillomas and showed a marked increase in letency period as
compared to control. We also reported a significant reduction in
chromosomal aberrations and number of micronuclci in all treated
groups as compared to control. For antioxidative properties, animals
treated orally with AN flower (Group I I-b) and leaf (Group II-c) extract
for 15 days showed a highly significant decrease in the hepatic lipid
peroxidation (LPO) levels, whereas AN gum (Group Il-a) treated
animals showed a marked reduction in LPO as compared to control.
Conversely, a significant increase in the hepatic reduced glutathione
(GSH) content was observed in AN flower (Group ll-b), leaf (Group II-c)
and non-significant elevation observed in AN gum (Group Il-a) as
compared to control.
P-135
ANTARTH, A POLYHERBAL PREPARATION
PROTECTS AGAINST THE DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED
TOXICITY WITHOUT COMPROMISING ITS
ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY
M. B. C. R. Naidu, Tiyyagura Koti Reddy and Ganesh Chandra Jagctia
Department of Radiobiology,
Col lege,Manipal576104.
Kasturba
Medical
Conclusions : The chemoprevention and antimutagenicity of Acacia
nilotica can be attributed to its antioxidant and anlipcroxidant porpertics.
Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline drug widely used
for the treatment ofvarious cancers, causes a cumulative dose-dependent
cardiac toxicity that is characterized by an irreversible dilated
cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Antarth (ANT) a
polyherbal preparation was evaluated for its cardioprotective properties
against the doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in mice.
Methods: Mice were treated with 25 mg/kg ANT orally once daily for 5
consecutive days before single intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg
doxorubicin. The animals were killed 30 h after DOX treatment.
Results: DOX induced a significant elevation in the serum levels of
glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic
transaminase (GOT), creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), indicating its acute cardiotoxicity. The treatment
of mice with ANT before DOX administration significantly reduced the
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INIM
P-137
FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIAL OF
HELICTERES ISORA.L
Padala Shanthi Sudha, Raju Ilavarasan, S.Vcnkatraman
C.L.Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai-96
Introduction: The concern over free radicals and reactive oxygen
species (ROS) is of growing interest. It plays a significant role in
pathological conditions like cancer, inflammation, and ischemia.
Antioxidants react with free radicals and prevent the damage by
chelating the catalytic metals and acting as oxygen scavengers. Humans
have an inbuilt antioxidant defense system to prevent free radical
mediated injury in form of enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. An
insufficiency in these defense systems requires administration of
antioxidants. So the present investigation is to assess the free radical
scavenging potential of Methanolic extract of Helictcres isora L
(Sterculiaccac) (M E HI)
Methods: The degree of lipid peroxidation was assayed by estimating
the Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) initiated by
FeSO4 in rat liver. Reducing power is determined by treating with
trichloroacetic acid and FeC13 (Oyaizu). Free radical scavenging activity
by DPPH method and NO scavenging is done by standard methods.
Reduced Glutathione was determined by Ellman method Hydrogen
peroxide scavenging is done by hemolysis of RBC induced by H2O2
systems. OH scavenging is done by EDTA/H2O2 method.
Results: MEH I inhibited FeSO4 induced lipid peroxidation in a dose
dependent manner. The IC50 of MEH I was found to be 528 ?g/ ml. The
oxidation of reduced glutathione was inhibited by MEHI and the IC50 is
,572?g/ml. It also showed marked significant (P<0.01) activity against
OH radicals generated by EDTA/H2O2 systems. Hemolysis of RBC is
significantly (P<0 01) inhibited by MEHI when compared to control.
Reduction of the DPPH radicals by MEHI is found from the percentage
inhibition of 85.85%. The reducing power of MEHI increased with
increase in concentration and showed significant level at (P<0.01) when
compared to control.
Conclusion: The present study indicates that MEHI shows good
antioxidant property.
P-138
BIOACTIVITY GUIDED FRACTOINATION OF
CORONOPUS DIDYMUS: A FREE RADICAL
SCAVENGING PERSPECTIVE
Prabhakar K R, Veercsh P Veerapur, Vipan Kumar, Sudhecr Kumar M,
Rao BSSI, Priyadarshini K 12 and Unnikrishnan M.K
Results and discussion: CDF-1 was found to be more active compared
to other fraction in scavenging DPPH and ABTS.-. Stopflowspectrometric studies indicated the reaction with DPPH in a time
scale of 100 seconds, 58.13% inhibition at 15 g/ml and a concentration of
300 g/ml scavenged 32.31% ABTS.- inlOO seconds. However all the
fractions showed reactivity towards hydroxyl radical by pulse radiolysis.
Competition kinetics of CDF-1 with potassium isocyanate by pulse
radiolysis also revealed 13.6% reactivity towards hydroxyl radical in
comparison to potassium isocyanate. Fenton reagent induced calf
thymus DNA protection by CDF-1 at 400 g/ml indicates it to be a most
potent fraction of all. Isolation and In-vivo radioprotcction studies of
CDF-1 consists ofour future research perspective.
P-139
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOL
EXTRACTOFCITRUSAURANTIFOLIA FRUITS
T.S. Prakash Srinivasan1. S. Venkataraman2, A. Saraswathy'
1 Captain Srinivasa Mum Drug Research Institute of Ayurveda, Chennai.
2
Dr. ALM PG 1BMS, University of Madras of Madras, Chennai.
Introduction: Many plants are consumed not only as vegetables or used
in food preparations, but they arc also utilized for medicinal purposes.
Citrus aurantifolia (CA) (christm.) Swingle (Family.Rutaccac) is used
widely in the traditional medicine.
Some experiments provide
evidences of anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory', analgesic and anti-bacterial
properties. In this study the in vitro antioxidant activity ofC.aurantifolia
fruits is evaluated.
Methods: C.A. Fruits were cut into small pieces, shade dried and
coarsely powdered. Then methanol extract (MeCA) was prepared using
soxhlct, and its in vitro antioxidant activity has been evaluated by (i)
Ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and (ii) Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. In
vitro antioxidant activity of MeCA was compared with vitamin E.
Results: MeCA showed low absorbance value in both FTC and TBA
methods similar to that of Vitamin E. Lower absorbance value can be
interpreted as higher antioxidant activity. During the oxidant process,
peroxide is gradually decomposed to lower molecular compounds that
arc measured by FTC and TBA methods. FTC method is used to
measure the amount of peroxide at the primary stage of linoleic acid
peroxidation, whereas TBA method used for evaluating the completion
of LPO. MeCAextract produced significant in vitro antioxidant activity
and this might be due to the presence of flavonoid compounds in it.
Conclusion: Methanolic extract of C.aurantifolia fruits possess
antioxidant activity which is comparable to that of vitamin E. The
antioxidant activity may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids in the
MeCA.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
ManipalAcademy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104.
1. Dept, of Radiobiology, KMC, Manipal Academy of Higher
Education, Manipal
2. Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre, Trombay 400 085
I ntroduction: Earlier studies by us on an aqueous extract of Coronopus
didymus [CD], Linn. (Brasicaceas) had indicated a potent free radical
scavenging and possible radioprotective actions. To locate the bioactive
fraction.7 compound, a bioactivity-guided fractionation of CD was
undertaken with a free radical scavenging perspective.
Methodology:
Fractionation of CD was done by column
chromatography on silicagel G by gradient elution from chloroform to
methanol. All the fractions were pooled based on TLC into fractions
designated as CDF-1, CDF-2, CDF-3 CDF-4. All fractions were
subjected to [1] dose dependent scavenging of DPPH. ABTS.-, and
hydroxyl radicals. [2] Protection from Fenton reagent induced calf
thymus DNA damage. For further confirmation, nanosecond pulse
radiolysis and stop-flow spectrophotometry' was carried out.
P-140
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF GERMINATED
FENUGREEK SEEDS
PijyanjaliJUli.xit1, Saroj S. Ghaskadbi”, Hari Mohan and Thomas P
A. Dcvasagayanf
‘Department of Zoology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind. Pune 411
007; India. 2Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Mumbai - 400 085, India; ‘Radiation
Biology and Health Sciences Division.
Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai -400085, India.
Introduction: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenuin-graecuni-known as
Methi in Hindi) is an important spice used in India and various other
Asian, African and European countries. Ii is also one of the oldest
medicinal plants being used in many Asian and African countries and has
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
beneficial therapeutic properties such as antidiabetic effects.
Germinated fenugreek seeds are being used as vegetable and health food,
and are also considered to be more beneficial than dried seeds. Since
antioxidant properties have been linked to health benefits of natural
products, we have assessed antioxidant potential of germinated
fenugreek seeds.
Methods: In the present study, we have examined the antioxidant
activities of different fractions and extracts from the powder of
germinated seeds of fenugreek and two of its active chemical
constituents namely trigonelline and diosgenin, at different levels of
their action. The assays employed were ferric reducing antioxidant
power (FRAP), radical scavenging by l.l-diphenyl-2-picryIhydrazyl,
ferrylmyoglobin/2,2’-azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazolinc-6-suIfonic acid
(ABTS), pulse radiolysis, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)
and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Chemical composition was
determined by Fl PTLC.
Results: Aqueous fraction of fenugreek exhibited the highest
antioxidant activity as compared to other fractions. As quantity of
phenolic and flavonoid compounds can be related to antioxidant activity,
their contents from these extracts were measured. HPLC analysis was
carried out to detect polyphenols, flavonoids and other components.
Conclusion: Our study reveals significant antioxidant activities in
germinated fenugreek seeds and these proved to be more potent than
other antioxidant rich foods. This may be partly due to the presence of
flavonoids and polyphenols and mainly due to water-soluble
components such as gallic acid. The antioxidant activities observed can
possibly explain its health benefits.
P-141
ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF GREEN LEAFY
VEGETABLES
Raieshwari.A. Ramakrishna. V and Rudresha B.M.
Dept ofBiochcmislry, AIMS. B.GNagara, Mandya Dist-571 448.
Introduction.* Sabasigi (Anthem graveolens), Fenugreek (Trigonella
Foenum Gracecum Linn) Drumstick leaves (Moringa Olifera) arc
commonly used green leafy vegetables in India, which contains several
flavonoids and phenolic acids. In view of the pharmacological interest
the antioxidants present in the vcgetablcs/fruits are given importance, as
they are non-toxic natural antioxidants.
Methods.* 0.2g of fresh leaves of vegetables were extracted in 10ml of
water and alcohol separately, centrifuged, clear supernatant (extract)
were used for further study. Antioxidant effects of aqueous and ethanol
extracts were assessed by means of inhibition ferrous sulphate/ascorbate
(non enzymatic) and lipoxygenase induced linoleic acid peroxidation.
Free radical scavenging properties using DPPH radical was also
evaluated.
Results.* Water extracts of Fenugreek, Drumstick and Anthem sowa
showed maximum inhibition against ferrous sulphate/ascorbate induced
linoleic acid peroxidation dose dependently at 1001 extract in 0.5ml of
reaction mixture. Antioxidant activity of aqueous extract was found to be
in the order of Fenugreck>Drumstick>Anthem sowa. (753.2, 702.3,
602.1 %) where as methanol extract showed moderate inhibition which is
in the order of Fcnugreek>Drumstick>Anthcm sowa (551.2, 482.2,
421.8%) respectively. Aqueous extracts of Fenugreek. Drumstick and
Anthem sowa showed inhibition against lipoxygenase induced linoleic
acid peroxidation dose dependently at 5001 extract in 3.0ml assay
mixture by 82.43.2, 65.92.2, 62.61.8% respectively. The aqueous
extracts of Fenugreek. Drumstick and Anthem sowa showed highest
percent of DPPH scavenging activity which is about 881.2. 862.8,
841.6% respectively.
Conclusion.* In the light of above antioxidative effects it presumable that
consumption of natural antioxidants from food stuffs can protect the
human body from attack of free radicals and subsequent to that it could
have beneficial effect in terms of disease prevention.
P-142
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITIES OF CASSIA FISTULA LINN BARK
EXTRACTS
Raju Havarasanl, Moni Mallika2 and Subramanian Vcnkataraman3
1 Department of Pharmacology, C. L. Baid Mctha College of
Pharmacy,Chennai 2Dcpartmcnt of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra
Medical College and Research Institute(Dcemcd University), Chennai.
3Department of Pharmacology, Dr.A.L.Mudiliar P.G. Institute of
Medical Sciences, Chennai.
Introduction Cassia fistula linn (Cacsalpinaccac) tree is one ofthe most
widespread in the forests of India, usually occurring in deciduous forests
The whole plant possesses medicinal properties useful in the treatment of
skin and inflammatory diseases, rheumatism, anorexia and jaundice.
The present study reports the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity
of Cassia fistula stem bark extracts in rats.
Methods The aqueous (CFA) and methanolic(CFM) extracts of stem
bark were prepared by soxhlct extractor after defatting with petroleum
ether. Wistar albino rats of cither sex (120-180g) were used for the study
of acute (carrageenan induced inflammation) and chronic (cotton pellet
granuloma) models of inflammation. Both extracts were administered at
the dose of (500 mg / kg / po ) and the results were compared with
standard NSAID drug diclofenac sodium (5 mg / kg / po). The
antioxidant activity of extracts was studied by DPPH, Nitric oxide,
Lineolic acid and Hydroxyl radical induced invitro assay methods. The
Lipid peroxidation level was evaluated in rat liver and kidney
homogenates initiated by CC14 and FcSO4.
Results The aqueous(CFA) & mcthanolic(CFM) extracts found to
possess significant(p<0.001) anti-inflammatory effect in both acute and
chronic models. Cassia fistula stem bark extracts showed significant
radical scavenging activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation in rat liver
and kidney homogenates. Both extracts exhibited significant antioxidant
activity in DPPH, Nitric oxide, Lineolic acid and Hydroxyl radical
induced in-vitro assay methods.
Conclusion The present study indicates that cassia fistula stem bark
extracts (CFA & CFM) posses significant anti-inflammatory and anti
oxidant properties.
P-143
ANTIARTHRITIC AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING
ACTIVITY OF RICINUS CUMMUNIS ROOT EXTRACT
Raju Havarasanl,Moni Mallika2andSubramanian Venkataraman3
1 Department of Pharmacology. L. Baid Mctha College of Pharmacy,
Chennai
2Departmcnt of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and
Research Institute (Deemed University), Chennai
3Department of Pharmacology. Dr.A.L.Mudiliar
Medical Sciences. Chennai.
P.G Institute of
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a painful and crippling
systemic disease for which there is no cure. It is an autoimmune disorder.
In Indian system of medicine many plants are used as cure for many
inflammatory disorders. In the present study aqueous(RCA) and
methanolic (RCM) extracts of ricinus cummunis(root) were evaluated
forantiarthriticand invitro free radical scavenging activities.
Method The aqueous and methanolic extracts of root bark of RC was
prepared by soxhlel extractor after defatting with petroleum ether. Wistar
rats (150-200g) of either sex were used for the study. Arthritis was
induced by complete freund's adjuvant-carrageen induced inflammation
0.1 ml CFA was inoculated intradermally at the base of tail to all group of
animals. 10 days later 0.1ml of (2% w/v of carrageen in saline) was
injected io sub plantar apo neurosis of right hind paw. The edema volume
was determined by using plethysmograph. RCA& RCM (500mg/kg/po)
and diclofenac sodium (5mg/kg/po) wereadministred from day 10 to day
21after the establishment of arthritis. On 22“* day blood were collected
by retro orbital puncture. Liver was homogenized in tris buffer and
subjected to biochemical studies . SOD, GPX, LPO, RcdGlutathione,
vitamin C. vitamin E were estimated.
Result Both RCA & RCM significantly (p< 0.001) reduced the edema
volume of arthritic rats when compared to untreated control.
Simultaneously the levels of enzymatic & non enzymatic anti oxidants
showed significant (p< 0.01) increase in RCA & RCM treated animals
when compared to untreated control.
Conclusion Both RCA& RCM possessed anti arthritic and antioxidant
activities in experimental induced arthritis
; P-144
ANTIINFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND
ANTIOXIDANT EFFICACY OF BARLERIA LUPULINA
LINDL
V.Suba, V.Ramarao. R.K.umaravelrajan
Department of Pharmacology, Vels College of Pharmacy. Chennai
Introduction: Inflammatory diseases arc common throughout the
world. The disadvantages in synthetic drugs lie in their gastric toxicity
and reappearance of symptoms. Therefore development of anti
inflammatory drugs is still in progress. Pain secondary to inflammation
process is the manifestation of inflammatory disorder, its evaluation in
anti-inflammatory agents are rational. The role of free radicals and free
radical mediated lipid per oxidation as a mechanism of tissue damage in
inflammation and ulcerogenosis is emphasized. So the present
investigation aimed to study analgesic, anti-inflammatory and
antiperoxidative effect of methanolic extract of Barleria lupulina
(MEBL).
Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of MEBL (200 and 300
mg/kg i.p) was studied by using the models of carrageenan, serotonin
induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma pouch in rats for
assessing the effect of acute and chronic inflammation respectively. The
analgesic activity of MEBL (200 and 300 mg/kg i.p) was studied using
acetic acid induced writhing lest in mice for assessing peripheral
analgesic effect. Invitro anti-oxidant studies were carried out to assess
the efficacy as hydroxyl radical (OH.), hydrogen peroxide (11202),
superoxide anion and lipid peroxide. The ulcerogenic study of the extract
(300mg/kg) was also performed.
Results: MEBL treated rats showed significant inhibition of
carrageenan and serotonin induced edema volume (P<0.01). It also
exerted significant reduction in granuloma weight (P<0.01) when
compared with indomethacin. The invitro results also showed significant
scavenging of OH. (P<0.01) and decreased lipid peroxide formation
(P<0.01). Acute administration of MEBL did not produce any gastric
lesion in rats.
Conclusions: These results suggest that MEBL exerts analgesic and
anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic inflammation without
ulcerogenic activity. This effect may be probably released to its
antioxidant activity. The present study establishes the analgesic and anti
inflammatory activity ofthe extract.
P-145
FREE RADICAL QUENCHING EFFECT OF
SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM LINN. NUT EXTRACT
AGAINSTADJUVANTARTHRITIS.
V.R.Ramnrasath and P. Sachdanandam
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Dr. A.L.Mudaliar Post-Graduate institute of Basic Medical Sciences.
University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chcnnai-600113, India.
Introduction: Oxidative stress mechanisms are known to play a
significant role in the development of various diseases like rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) an auto immune disease with a chronic joint inflammation,
which cripples the activity of human beings. Reactive oxygen species
(ROS) are highly reactive transient chemical species, which play an
important role in the etiology of tissue injury in rheumatoid arthritis. The
effects of milk extract of Scmccarpus anacardium Linn, nut (SA) was
studied on adjuvant arthritis in rats against reactive oxygen species.
Methods: Arthritis was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of heal killed
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (lOmg/ml of paraffin oil) intradermally
into the left hind paw of the rats. After 14 days. Scmccarpus anacardium
Linn, nut extract was administered at 150mg/kg body weight/day for 14
days. After the experimental period, ROS. such as superoxide radical;
hydroxyl radical; H2O2 were measured in erythrocytes, lymphocytes
and bone.
Results: ROS (superoxide radical; hydroxyl radical and H2O2) in
adjuvant arthritic animals were found to be significantly increased
(p<0.05). Treatment with SA recouped the altered ROS components to
near normal levels. No significant changes were observed in drug control
animals when compared with control animals.
Conclusion: These evidences suggest that the free radical mediated
damage during arthritis was controlled by SA by its free radical
quenching and antioxidalive potential
P-146
ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF GINGER (ZINGIBER
OFFICINALE ROSC.), PROTECTS AGAINST THE
RADIATION-INDUCED MORTALITY
P. Ravi Kiran, Ganesh Chandra Jagetia, Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga
and Poncmonc Venkatesh
Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College,
Manipal-576 104.
Introduction: The rhizome of Zingiber officinale, commonly known as
ginger, is consumed daily worldwide as a spice and flavoring agent. The
rhizome of ginger has been reported to possess diverse medicinal
properties in the traditional Indian system of medicine. Therefore
radioprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger rhizome,
Zingiber officinale (ZOE) was studied in mice administered ZOE before
exposure to various doses of gamma radiation.
Methods: The animals were administered with 250 mg/kg ZOE orally
using oral gavage once daily for five consecutive days before exposure to
6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 Gy of a-radiation. The animals were monitored daily
up to thirty days post-irradiation for the development of symptoms of
radiation sickness and mortality.
Results: Pretreatment of mice with ZOE reduced the severity of
symptoms of radiation sickness and mortality at all the exposure doses,
and also increased the number of survivors in the ZOE t- irradiation
group when compared with the concurrent DDW + irradiation group.
The ZOE treatment protected mice against the G1 death as well as bone
marrow deaths. The dose reduction factor (DRF) was found to be 1.2.
The administration ofZOE after exposure to irradiation was not effective
as no survivors could be reported up to 30 days post-irradiation.
Reducing the administration schedule to three or increasing the schedule
to seven days was not as efiectivc when compared to five consecutive
days schedule. The irradiation of animals resulted in a dose dependent
elevation m the lipid peroxidation, while depletion m the GSH contents
on day 31 post-irradiation. Treatment of mice with ZOE before
irradiation caused a significant depletion in the lipid peroxidation
followed by a significant elevation in the GSH concentration in the liver
ol mice at 31 days post-irradiation. The mechanism of action ofZOE was
determined by evaluating its free radical scavenging capability. The
ginger was found to scavenge- ?OH , 02?- and ABTS?
+ radicals in a dose dependent manner in vitro. The drug was non-toxic
up to a dose of 1500 mg/kg b. wt., the highest drug dose that could be
tested for acute toxicity.
Conclusions: The oral administration of ginger provided protection
against the radiation-induced sickness and mortality in mice by
protecting against the G1 as well bone marrow deaths. The free radical
scavenging, elevation in antioxidant status and reduction in lipid
peroxidation seem to be the important mechanisms of radioprotective
action by ginger.
P-147
HERBAL RELEIF FROM FREE RADICALSTRESS.
Rukhsana A.R.,Shraddha Mudliar.
M.C.E. Society's Allana College of Pharmacy.
Introduction : Free radicals arc atoms or molecules that are highly
reactive with other cellular structure because of their unpaired electron
They are natural byproducts of ongoing biochemical reactionsin the
body including ordinary metabolic processes & immunesystem
responses. Since free radical creation is part of our bodics'natural
metabolic process, we have built in mechanism to neutralize
andscavenge free radicals.Our
P-148
STUDY ON FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING
&PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF Hybanthus enneaspermus
UPON ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES
Saurabh Gupta, M.K.Tripathy, D.K Tripathi.
P.G Department of Pharmaceutics, SJCPS, Bhubaneswar, India
Introduction: Role of free radical is highly indicated in several liver
dysfunctions. The different hcpatotoxicants inducing liver cirrhosis arc
known to cause the damage by the free radical mediation. In this study
we investigated the whole aqueous extract of the plant Hybanthus
enneaspermus in regard to its antioxidant and protection to the
hepatocytes against five hcpatotoxicants.
Methods: Hepatocytes (chicken) were isolated following the procedure
of Snell and Evans (1987). They were exposed to five hcpatotoxicants
such as CCI4, allyl alcohol, paracetamol, diazepam and tetracycline in
their toxic dose under five different groups. Each group was again
subdivided into five subgroups representing a control; hcpatotoxicantsinduced; drug alone; drug prctrcatcd+ hcpatotoxicants; hcpatotoxicants
and post-treated with extract for three consecutive days. In drug-treated
group again five different concentrations of the drug were investigated.
The cell viability was studied by the Trypan blue exclusion method. The
extent of lipid peroxidation was carried out by modified method of Stock
and Dormandy (1971) taking the liver homogenate.
Results: From the results significant (p<0.005) increase in cell viability
was observed because of the treatment of extract in pre-treated groups
where the drug was administered once. In post-treated groups the extent
of protection of cells was dose-dependent and similar when it was
administered for three days twice daily. In both cases, the response was
dose-dependent but the dose dependency was more in post-treated
groups. A similar trend was observed in all hcpatotoxicants. The drug
could significantly reduce the extent of lipid peroxidation proving its
antioxidant capability.
bodies produce enzymes such as Glutathione Peroxides,SOD. &
Catalase that bind to free radicalsand inactivate them. However modem
life has enormously increased the number of free radicals sometimes
even harmfill introduced in our body, and our bodies are struggling to
cope with their relentless onslaught. Fortunately nature has provided an
abundance of natural antioxidant food nutrients and botanicals that
actually scavenge free radicals m the body, as well as enhance the body's
own product of antioxidant enzymes. Efforts have been made in this
Conclusions: It is concluded from the study that the extract of
Hybanthus enneaspermus showed good hepatoprotective and
antioxidant activity.
paper to summarize the free radical scavenging activity of various herbs
which probably account for their vital actions like Antiaging, anticancer,
Hepatoprotective,Immunomodulatory etc.
A NOVEL BIOACTIVE ANTIOXIDANT MOLECULE
THAT PROTECTS CELLS AGAINST XENOBIOT1CINDUCED CELL INJURY
Methods-A literature survey was done on the herbal drugs that are
recognized for the excellent antioxidant activity, and were summarized
under following titles. And were categorized under following titlcs-
I)
Immune Antioxidants; Licorice Root. Nutmeg. Burdock Root
Salem Panja. Guduchi. Tulsi, Ashwagandha AmlaEchinacea purpurea.
Reishi & ShiitakeMushrooms
II) Nutritive Antioxidants: Soy Beta Carotene.Carrots Vit.C Broccoli
Vit.E Chlorella Laminatia digitata Grape seeds
Ill) Digestive Antioxidants. Turmeric Rosemary Fennel Thyme. Sage
Ginger Clove Cinnamon
IV) Cardiovascular Antioxidnts Garlic Onions Fenugreek
Asragalus Shizandra
Results -The above summary gives an impressive reference to actually
explore various mechanisms through which the drug acts as antioxidants
and how effectively & economically they can be used to treat oxidative
stress generated due to various environmental pollutants.
Conclusion: Herbal antioxidants due to their remarkable free radical
scavenging activity can be further explored to treat diseases like
Alzheimers', Epilepsy, Parkinsonism of which no certain mechanism
and cure is known as yet.& neuronal damage caused due to generation of
free radicals might be one ofthe causes of these diseases.
P-149
A.Srivastava, S. Divakar* andT. Shivanandappa
Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department,
♦Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Department,
Central Food Technological Research Institute,
Mysore, India.
Introduction : Xenobioticinduced cell injury is a critical event in the
expression of toxico-pathological effects in animals. There is a great deal
of interest in molecules that attenuate the xenobiotic-induced cellular
injury and theses molecules could serve as health-promoting
nutraceuticals. We have isolated a bioactive molecule from the aqueous
extract of the edible tubers of Decalepis hamiltonii, having high
antioxidant activity. Further, the molecule showed cytoprotective effect
against xenobiotic induced cell injury in EAT cells.
Materials and Methods: Purification of the bioactive molecule was
achieved by fractionation on silica column followed by preparative TLC.
The purity was confirmed by RP- HPLC. Molecular characterization
was done using GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. DPPH, hydroxyl and
superoxide radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation
(LPO) were used to check antioxidant activity. Cytoprotective action of
the molecule against cell injury by the xenobiotics HCH, CC14 and CHP
in EAT cells was done.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDA
NIUT-IO
U9593 n
ON INDIA
Results: The molecule was identified as 14-aminotctradecanoic acid.
The molecule exhibited potent DPPH. hydroxyl and superoxide radical
scavenging activity with IC., values l5.6mM, 3.23mM and 1.35mM
respectively and inhibited microsomal LPO (IC<0 l.26mM). The
molecule significantly prevented cell death, LDH leakage, reactive
oxygen species (ROS) production and LPO induced by xcnobiotics.
Conclusion: The natural bioactive molecule isolated is being reported
for the first time. 14-aminotetradccanoic acid showed high antioxidant
activity and prevented xenobiotic-induced cell death hence could serve
as a novel health promoting nutraceutical.
P-150
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WHEATGRASS
(TRITICUMAESTIVUM L.) EXTRACTS AS A FUNCTION
OFTHEIRGROWTH
Sunil D. Kulkarni1. Jai C. Tilak", R. Acharya', N. S. Rajurkar1, T.P.A.
DcvasagayanT, A.V.R Reddy'
'Department of Chemistry. University of Pune, Pune-411 007.
Radiation biology and Health Science Division,
Division.
Radiochemistry
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Trombay, Mumbai -400085, India
Introduction - Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) juice is a herbal drink
extracted from tender wheatgrass of 6-15 days old. In some Western
countries as well as in India, fresh wheatgrass in the form of juice or
tablets is commercially available. It is believed that the wheatgrass is a
rich source of vitamins, antioxidant compounds such as vitamins C and
E, -carotene, ferulic acid and vanillic acid, and the minerals are in the
bioavailable form It is known to possess antimutagenic and DNAprotective effects. However, its antioxidant effects, as a function of its
growth, at different levels ofaction, arc not available in literature.
Methods - We have examined the antioxidant effects at different levels
of action of aqueous and ethanolic whealgrass extracts at 6,7,8,10 and 15
days of germination. The assays employed were radical scavenging
using DPPH (1,1 -diphcnyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), ferryImyoglobin/ABTS
(2,2'-azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). FRAP (ferric
reducing/ antioxidant power), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance
capacity) and lipid peroxidation. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents
were also determined to explain the possible antioxidant effects
observed. The studies were also carried out using a commercial tablet
preparation of wheatgrass for comparing the results.
Results - In all the assays ethanolic extracts were more effective than the
aqueous ones. The antioxidant potential as obtained by various assays
and phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts increase as a function
of the growth. ORAC values for 10” day ethanolic and aqueous extracts
were 48.2 and 39.9. respectively, which is significantly higher than many
other food ingredients. Studies on ascorbalc-Fe:’-induced lipid
peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria showed that 10"' day ethanolic
extract was very effective. Commercial wheatgrass preparation has
higher antioxidant effects than the extracts. However, the composition
and method of preparation of commercial tablet is not known.
Conclusions - Our results show that wheatgrass extracts on IO1’’ day of
growth have significant antioxidant activities probably due to their
radical scavenging and damage preventive properties and the observed
effects may possibly explain the beneficial properties being ascribed to
wheatgrass juice or tablets.
P-151
EFFECT OF NARINGIN ON FERRIC IRON INDUCED
OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN VITRO
Tiyyagura Koti Reddy and Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576
104.
Introduction: Iron is essential for oxygen transport and a variety of
cellular processes like respiration and DNA synthesis. It may become
toxic when not handled carefully by cellular proteins and shielded from
surrounding media. Naringin treatment may help to overcome the iron
induced toxic effects in vitro.
Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with 0.5,1,2.5 & 5 mM/L naringin 1
h before exposure to 0.1,0.25. 0.5 & 1 mM/L ferric iron. The effect ol
iron or naringin or combination treatment was studied on cell survival.
DNA double strand break induction. DNA oxidation, lipid peroxidation
and various antioxidants.
Results: The exposure of cells to iron caused a dose dependent decline in
their clonogenic potential, while naringin pretreatment resulted in a
significant elevation in the cell survival. Exposure ol cells to iron
resulted in a time dependent elevation in DNA strand breaks and a peak
level of DNA strand breaks was observed at 24 h. while naringin
pretreatment inhibited the DNA double strand breaks accompanied by an
early repair. Similarly, treatment of HepG2 cells with iron caused
increased DNA oxidation, that showed reduction when cells were
pretreated with naringin. The iron overload caused a significant
elevation in the lipid peroxidation accompanied by depletion in GSH
(glutathione) concentration, while naringin inhibited lipid peroxidation
and arrested the iron-induced depletion in the GSH concentration. Iron
treatment also reduced various antioxidant enzymes like glutathione
peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with naringin resulted in an elevation in all
the antioxidant enzymes.
Conclusions: Enhanced antioxidant status by naringin could
compensate the oxidative stress, and may facilitate an early recovery
from iron induced genomic insult in vitro.
P-152
STUDIES ON ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITIES OFCAESALPINIA CRISTA
M.K.Tripathya. D K. Tripathi a, U.N. Dashb.
SJCPS, Dept of Chemistry,ITER, Bhubancswar.Orissa. India
Introduction: In the Indian subcontinent diabetes and the
accompanying secondary complications pose major health problem.
There are many plants being used traditionally for specific cause, but not
mentioned in texts for the said medication. One such plant is Caesalpinia
crista, the roasted seeds of which arc being used as antidiabetics in West
Indies whereas the kernel and its decoction in certain region of Gujarat
and Orissa. Though there arc several indications like anlimalarial. tonic,
astringent, anti-inllammatory and diuretic, but its antidiabetic property
is not mentioned. In our study we investigated antioxidant (in vitro and in
vivo), glycemic and lipidacmic status of diabetic rats treated with the
drug for 90 days.
Methods: After getting approval from 1AEC. Inbred rats of Wister strain
(100-140g) comprising an equal number of male and female were
randomized into three groups (n=10). Group-I, II and III were served as
control, diabetic-control and diabetic+drug treated group respectively.
Alloxan (150mg/kg) was used for the induction ofdiabetcs Biochemical
and antioxidant evaluation were carried out using standard methods.
Separate three groups (n=6) of rats were used for the oral glucose
tolerance lest.
Results: The results showed significant (p<0.005) reduction in the levels
of blood glucose and liver TBARS; and also showed improvement in
different biochemical parameters like liver (glycogen, protein) and
scrum (tnglj cende, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid). Histopathological
study revealed significant change in the altered pancreatic architecture
(in diabetic rats) than that of the treated diabetic animals, suggesting
possible regeneration. After treatment, the animals successfully
withstood the oral glucose tolerance test. The extract showed good
antioxidant activity in different in vitro systems
Conclusions: It can be concluded that Caesalpinia crista possesses good
antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.
P-153
FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF
EXRACTSOFLUFFAACUTANGULAVARAMARA
R. Ilavarasan,S.Vcnkatraghavan. I.Ulaganathan, Tecnu Marytom.
A.Senthil Kumar
C.L.Baid Mctha college ofpharmacy, Chennai-96
Introduction: There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species
and their promoted oxidative damage arc involved in large number of
pathologies as well as in ageing process the oxidative stress experienced
by a tissue, organelle or organ results from the balance between the
production and removal of potentially damaging reactive oxygen
species. In this paper we have reported {he anti oxidant activity of
ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves of Luffa acutangula var.
amara.
the rat small intestine.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess indomethacin-induced
changes in the composition of the glycocalyx of the rat small intestinal
mucosa, with specific reference to surfactant-like particles (SLP) and
brush border membranes (BBM) of the mucosa. Changes in gut flora in
response to the drug were also to be studied.
Methods: Rats were dosed orally with 40 mg/kg of indomethacin. SLP
and BBM were isolated 12 and 24 hours later and their content of sugars
and lipids estimated. Intestinal bacterial counts and their adherence to
mucosa were also determined.
Results: The content of various sugars was increased in SLP and
decreased in the BBM following indomethacin treatment, at both time
periods studied (p- <0.05 in all cases). The composition of lipids in the
SLP was also found to be significantly altered. There was an increase in
the number of E.coli in the luminal contents of the small intestine and
caecum in these animals, as compared with controls (p- <0 05). The
number of bacteria adherent to the intestinal mucosa was also
significantly higher in the drug-treated group. In vitro studies revealed
that there was an increased tendency for bacteria to adhere to SLP
isolated from indomethacin-treated rats (p= <0.05).
Conclusions: These results suggest that alterations in glycosylation of
the small intestinal SLP and BBM. in response to indomethacin-induced
oxidative stress, arc associated with a quantitative increase in intestinal
bacterial flora and an increased tendency of bacteria to adhere to the
mucosa. Wc postulate that these factors may facilitate translocation of
luminal bacteria into the intestinal mucosa and contribute to damage
produced by NSAIDs.
Methods: The invitro antioxidant potential of ethanol and ethyl acetate
extracts (25-800?g)were evaluvated for the following parameters using
spectrophotometer. Nitricoxide scavenging was measured using
sodiumnitroprusside/Gricss reagent.
The degree of lipid peroxidation was assayed by estimating
thiobarbituric acid substances using ferrous sulphate in liver
homogenate while reduced glutathione assay was determined by method
of Ellman using trichloroacetic acid in cdta in liver homogenate.DPPH
method was also performed.
Results: Both the extracts ofLA (ethanol and ethyl acetate) showed free
radical scavenging activity.it also inhibits lipid peroxidation the
ethanolic extract showed significantly higher percentage inhibition in
the above mentioned parameters. The ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract
showed percentage inhibition at the 800?g concentration in NO
(59.670.104,45.6870.143). DPPH(62.56?0.101,44.6970.114), and high
inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation (60.9570.409,45.1070.106)and
glutathione reduced assay (51.097.2279,38.417.038) respectively.
Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and lipid per
oxidation inhibition activites indicate that luffa acutangula might be a.
valuable natural anti oxidative source.
P-154
ALTERATIONS IN THE INTESTINAL GLYCOCALYX
AND BACTERIAL FLORA IN RESPONSE TO ORAL
INDOMETHACIN
J Rasivireddy \ M .Jacobb. P Ramamoorthy' and KA Balasubramaman’
“The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory. Department of
Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder
Road, Vellore - 632004, India
bDepartment of Biochemistry’, Christian Medical College. Vellore 632002. India.
Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used
extensively in clinical medicine, tend to cause adverse effects in the
gastrointestinal tract. Earlier work has shown that indomethacin
produced oxidative damage and attenuation of the glycocalyx layer in
P-155
LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANTSTATUS
IN SICKLE CELLANAEMIA.
J.Chaudhuri I, P. K. Patra 1, S. Tripathi 1, R. Nanda2,
M. Mangaraj2, P. K. Behera3
1 Pt. .1. N. M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
2S. C. B. Medical College, Cuttack. Orissa. India.
3Ex-Principal, V. S. S. Medical College, Burla, Orissa, India.
Sickle erythrocytes and their membranes arc susceptible to endogenous
frce-radical-mediated oxidative damage which correlates with the
proportion of irreversibly sicklcd cells. Nevertheless discrepancy in the
status of various antioxidants is observed in different studies. In view of
these contradictory reports, the present study was undertaken to assess
the oxidative stress in sickle cell anaemic cases and also to find out
whether any correlation exists between the free radical activity and the
percentage of Haemoglobin-S in blood. Eighty-three sickle cell anaemic
cases were studied, of which, 26 were homozygous for the sickle cell
disease and 57 were heterozygous (Traits) as confirmed by hemoglobin
electrophoresis and also by variant hemoglobin percentage testing.
Fifty-two age and sex matched apparently healthy non-sickler subjects
were taken as controls for this study. All the subjects (cases and controls)
were analyzed for the concentrations of Malondialdehyde (MDA),
Ascorbic acid, alpha - Tocopherol and beta- Carotene in plasma.
Observations suggested a significant increase in the free radical activity
(reflected by increased plasma MDA concentration) and decrease in the
antioxidant status (reflected by decreased plasma concentrations of
antioxidant vitamins). A significant positive correlation was also
observed between the malondialdehyde concentration in plasma and the
percentage of Hacmoglobin-S variant in blood.
P-156
OXIDATIVE
STRESS AND ENZYMATIC
ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE IN NEONATES
SUFFERING FROM RESPIRATORY DISORDERS.
S.P.Dhonde, S.K.Ahaley, P.E.Jagtap
Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical college Miraj.
INDIA
Introduction:- Respiratory disorders like Birth asphyxia and
Respiratory distress syndromes (RDS)arc the two most common cause
of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Postnatal changes from relative
hypoxic to hyperoxic environments during artificial ventilation
increases the risk of ROS formation
Material & method :-Present study was carried out to evaluate
oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in neonates with respiratory
disorder who received oxygen therapy. Total 100 subjects were included
in the study .out which 50 neonates were suffering from respiratory
disorder and 50 served as control.Blood samples were collected before
and after oxygen supplementation for estimation of LPO by method of
K.Satoh, Hemoglobin by cynmethemoglobin method .activity of SOD
by using RANSOD kit and catalase activity by method of L.Goth.
Results:- Levels of Lipid peroxidation (in terms of MDAmolondialdehyde)increased sgnificanly before as well as after oxygen
therapy than control (P<0.0001).Hb before therapy has no significant
difference from control but after therapy concentration of Hb decreased
significantly than control (PO.OOOl). Activities of super oxide
dismutase and catalase decreased significantly(P<0.0001) before
therapy while increased significantly (P<0.000 l)aftcr oxygen therapy.
Conclusion:-The ability of neonate to response to oxygen therapy by
augmented enzyme activities seems to be mandatory for its surviral,
facing the confront of oxidative stress. When these defencive
mechanisms fail the victim get succumbed to oxidative challenge.
P-157
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND NONENZYMATIC
ANTIOXIDANTS IN NEONATAL
HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
P.E .Jagtap, .S .K. Ahalye, S.P.Dhonde
Department of Biochemistry,Government Medical college ,Miraj,
INDIA
Introduction:- Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common and certainly
one of the most vexing problems in newborn period. Precipitation of
bilirubin inside the brain at low pH may have toxic effects. Neurons
undergoing differentiation are particularly susceptible to injury from
bilirubin. Unconjugataed bilirubin can induce a loss of neurons and
atrophy of involved fibers system. Thus NNH may end into bilirubin
encephalopathy.Phototherapy is effective in prolonged reduction of
bilirubin levels in infants with NNH.
Material and method
The study undertaken was carried out to
evaluate the oxidant status and antioxidant response in neonates with
NNH before and after phototherapy. Number of subjects included were
80,out of which 30 were suffering from Neonatal
hyperbilirubinemiafNNH) and 50 were controls. Blood samples were
analysed for LPO (in terms of MDA)by method of K.Satoh, hemoglobin
concentration, by cynmethemoglobins, ascorbic acid concentration by
method of Ayekyaw and concentration, of uric acid by enzymatic kit
method.
Results:- Concentration .of LPO elevated before as well as after
phototherapy significant!y(P<0.0001),concentration of Hb decrased
significantly (P<0.0001) before and after phototherapy. Ascorbic acid
and uric acid decreased significantly(P<0.0001) before therapy and
increased after therapy significantly (PO.OOOl) but not more than
control.
Conclusion:- Estimation of routine biochemical parameters can help to
monitor oxidant and antioxidant status in NNH before as well as after
phototherapy.
P-158
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
(COPD)
K. Kaur, G. Kaur, A. Vij, S. Singh, M. Kaur.
Dept, of Biochemistry & Medicine, Govt. Medical College &Rajindra
Hospital, Patiala (Pb)
Introduction : COPD comprises of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
which although pathologically distinct diseases, arc usually co-existent.
All the tissues of our body arc vulnerable to oxidative stress but most
prone is the respiratory system being in direct contact with the
environment. The oxidants/frcc radicals may cause (1) direct oxidative
damage to airspace epithelial cells or (2) indirect injury via oxidative
inactivation of antiproteases leading to emphysema. Inhaled pollutants
activate hemocytes to produce oxidants. The PUFA's in cell membranes
arc highly susceptible to pathological free radical damage.
Methods : In our study, we have estimated (1) Oxidative stress (lipid
pcroxidation):by Scrum Malonyldialdehydc(MDA) levels. (2)
Antioxidant status by: (i) Blood Glutathione (GSH), (ii) Serum Ascorbic
acid levels. The study group comprised of 70 diagnosed patients of
COPD subdivided into two groups depending upon severity of the
disease (i) Acute COPD (n=40); (ii) Stable (clinically) COPD (n=30).
The Control group consisted of 40 healthy age and sex-matched
individuals.
Results : (1) Mean levels of MDA in patients of acute COPD were
signficantly increased vs control group and stable COPD group. In
stable group the increase was non-significant versus controls. (2) Mean
levels of GSH and Ascorbic Acid in acute COPD were significantly
decreased vs. control and stable COPD groups. In the clinically stable
group the decrease was not significant vs control group. (3) We observed
a positive correlation between serum MDA levels and the severity of
COPD.
Conclusion : There was an inverse relationship between both GSH and
Ascorbic acid levels vs MDA levels. This concludes an enhanced
oxidative stress and depleted antioxidant status in patients with COPD.
This oxidant/anti-oxidant imbalance in favour of oxidants results in
oxidative lung injury. Thus a therapeutic trial of antioxidants may be
worth pursuing in the management of COPD.
P-159
EFFECT OF ROS AND PROTEINASE INHIBITOR IN
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Khushtar Anwar Salman, Roshan Alam, Parul Goel
Islam
and Najmul
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh
202002
Introduction: Free radicals are known to play important role in the
disease “Arthritis”. The correlation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
and protease inhibitor activity namely Alpha-2-Antitrypsin is an area of
immense interest in arthritis.
Methods: The serum trypsin inhibitory activity was determined by the
method of Waheed & Salahuddin (1975) using BAPNA as substrate. A
total of 50 cases of Rheumatoid arthritis were investigated out of the
above 50 cases, 23 were males whereas 27 females Results: In
comparison to control enhanced level of alpha-1 -antitrypsin activity
was found in the females (age group: 20-35 yrs), while decreased level
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
of alpha-1 -antitrypsin activity was found in the age group of36-80 years.
*?.casc ° ma cs' deficienl alpha-1-antitrypsin activity was observed in
all the age groups except in the age group of 51 -65 years which showed
slightly enhanced levels. Furthermore, attempt was also made to probe
the binding of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin in rheumatoid arthritis by
ELISA. A maximum titer of 1:6400 was observed in patients of the age
group of 20-35 years. Moreover, antibodies in serum of patients with
rheumatoid arthritis exhibited an appreciable degree of immuno
interaction with H2O2 modified DNA. Similar results were observed on
plates coated with H2O2 modified DNA and alpha-1-antitrypsin as
inhibitor.
Conclusion: Deficient cases of alpha-1-antitrypsin represented chronic
illness of rheumatoid arthritis, while elevated levels were indicative for
acute phase of the disease.
P-160
GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE (GPx)-LIKE
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIV1TYOFANTITHYROID DRUGS.
G Roy and G. Mugesh
Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science. Bangalore 560 012, India.
Thyroxine (T4) is the main secretory product of the thyroid gland, and
the deiodination of this prohormonc to the biologically active hormone,
3,5.3'-triiodothyroninc (T3), is the first step in thyroid hormone action. It
is well known that type I iodothyroninc dciodinasc (ID-1), a
selcnocystcine-containing enzyme, is responsible for most of this
conversion. The activation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSII)
receptor by autoantibodies leads to an overproduction of thyroid
hormones, which can be controlled by specific inhibitors such as 6-npropyl-2-thiouracil (1, PTU) and methimazolc (3, MMI) that cither
block the thyroid hormone biosynthesis or reduce the conversion of T4
toT3.
3, E = S (PTU)
4, E = Se (PSeU)
5, E = S (MMI)
6, E = Se (MSel)
Me
7 <MSelox)
Recent studies on thyroid hormone metabolism suggest that glutathione
peroxidase (GPx), present in the thyroid gland, degrades intracellular
H.O, and thereby inhibits the iodination reactions. These observations
indicate the possibility that some of the anti-thyroid drugs may inhibit
the thyroid hormone biosynthesis by reducing FLO, (GPx-like activity),
because the oxidation of iron center in TPO by FLO, is the first step in
thyroid hormone synthesis. Therefore, we focused our attention on the
GPx activity of MSelox and some related compounds.1 Interestingly,
MSelox exhibited high GPx activity, providing a novel mechanism for
its inhibitory action. The activity of MSelox was found to be comparable
to that ofebselcn.a well-known GPx mimic. On the other hand, the sulfur
analogue, MMI. did not show any noticeable activity under identical
experimental conditions. The high GPx activity of 5-7 suggests that the
selenium analogues of the anti-thyroid drugs and other GPx mimics
inhibit the LPO activity by reducing FLO, and these compounds may also
act as antioxidants and protect cells from oxidative damage. These
results reveal that the selenium analogues of the anti-thyroid drugs,
together with GPx. may constitute a defense system against reactive
oxygen species in the thyroid gland. The LPO inhibition activity of some
other sulfur-containing compounds will also be discussed.
(1) G. Roy. M, Ncthaji and G, Mugesh J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2004, 126,
2712.
P-161
ASTUDYONTHE ROLEOFRNIAND ROIINSLE
Saba Khan, Nazarul Hasan, Zeeshan Fatima and Najmul Islam
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A.M.U ,
Aligarh 202002
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is marked by
hypcrproduclion of antibody and injury of multiple organs and tissues. A
population of anti-DNA Abs have been found in scrum of SLE patients
and their titer correlates with disease activity. DNA, to which most of the
antibodies are directed in SLE is no longer regarded as the inciting
antigens because immunization with native DNA does not induce SLE
like disease and the resultant formed were exclusively directed towards
modified structures.
Methods: 1-Iuman.monocytcs (MN) from PBMC were cultured for 120
hrs with or without reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) and reactive
nitrogen intermediates (RNI) inhibitors, namely NAC and L-NMMA
respectively. The concentration of each inhibitor used was 10 mM. DNA
from treated/untreated human monocytes were isolated and used in
competitive ELISA.
Results: In comparison to native DNA from untreated monocytes, the
inhibitors treated DNA exhibited a decreased recognition by
immunoaffinity purified anti-DNA SLE autoantibodies. Inhibition
ELISA showed a maximum of 84.3% inhibition in the anti-DNA activity
with native DNA. Fifty percent inhibition was achieved at 2 ?
g/ml of native DNA inhibitor. However, on the other hand NAC and LNiMM A treated human DNA exhibited a maximum inhibition of 54.6%
and 43.7% respectively. Fifty percent inhibition was achieved at 2.7
?g/ml and 3.1 ?g/ml for NAC and L-NMMA treated DNA respectively.
Furthermore DNA was also isolated from monocytes ofSLE patients as a
positive control Anti-iNOS antibodies exhibited a remarkable
recognition of DNA from SLE patients (maximum inhibition = 73.1 %),
in comparison to DNA from NAC treated monocytes (23.2%) and DNA
from L-NMMAtreated monocytes (31.24%) respectively.
Conclusion: The results arc suggestive for the strong involvement of
RNI followed by ROI in the pathogenesis of SLE.
P-162
ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISM OF HYDROXY
CINNAMICACIDS
A. Sarkar, S. Adhikari, andT. Mukherjee
Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamic Division,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
Introduction; Antioxidants arc known to show protection from free
radical damage and other reactive oxygen species by scavenging them
involving several mechanisms. In principle, compounds possessing
multiple double bonds and especially with active methylene group can
act as radical scavengers via addition to double bonds and I or abstraction
of hydrogen atom from the allylic position. As an antioxidant hydroxy
cinnamic acids prevent cell damage caused by free radical reactions. We
have assessed the mechanism of the antioxidant activity of these
compounds, in which in addition to phenolic groups a vinyl moiety if
present at the position with respect to one of the phenyl ring can play a
predominant role.
Methods: Pulse radiolysis technique has been used to study the
mechanism involved in the antioxidant activity of Rosmarinic acid
(RMA), Caffeic acid (CA) and Di hydrocaffeic acid (HCA) against
deleterious free radicals like GS, ROO.O,, NO, NO,’. The dosimetry
was carried out using an air-saturated aqueous solution containing 5 x 1 O’
’ mol dm’' KSCN assuming G for (SCN), ’ - 23,889 dm' mol’1 cm * per 100
eV at 500 nm. The kinetic spectrophotometric detection system covered
the wavelength range from 250 to 800 nm.
JDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
156,
Result: Pulse radiolysis studies have shown that RM A scavenges GS
radical to form a transient showing strong absorption at 380 nm. With
progress of time absorption due to the transient decreased while the
absorption intensity due to another species increases at 500 nm.
Formation of the transient at 380 nm was very fast showing a
bimolecular rate constant of 7.5 x I O’* dm3 mol'1 s1 and is ascribed to GS
radical adduct. The absorption at 500 nm is due to phenoxyl radical. The
decay of adduct and the formation of the phenoxyl radical were
concomitant showing that formation of the phenoxyl radical takes place
via the adduct having a rate constant of L1 x 10'5 s '. However DHCA,
which does not show the presence of double bond, leads to the formation
of only pheno.xl radical. This clearly proves that initially there is
formation of very fast adduct at the double bond followed by
intramolecular rearrangement furnishing phenoxyl radical in the case of
RMA and CA. Other radicals like CCI,OO, NO, NO, also react in a
similar manner with RMA, CA and DHCA. Theoretical evidences arc in
agreement with the experimental data.
Conclusions: Optical pulse radiolysis studies and quantum chemical
calculations reveal that the presence of double bond in addition to
phenolic groups plays important role in the antioxidant efficacy of
hydroxy cinnamic acids concerning bio- relevant radicals at
physiological pH.
P-163
BINDING OF BILIRUBIN TO ERYTHROCYTES FROM
CANCER PATIENTS
Shagufta Moin, Mohammad Shakil Akhtar & M.U. Siddiqui
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh
202002
Introduction : Cancer is one of the leading causes of death being second
only to coronary artcry disease. Erythrocytes arc the elements of
peripheral blood most affected by the free radical activity in the
pathogenesis of cancer. Cancer patients show significant biochemical
changes in the erythrocytes membrane. Any change in the
physicochemical properties of erythrocytes membrane is expected to
cause changes in the bilirubin binding behaviour of erythrocytes. Thus
erythrocytes serve as a model to study the bilirubin uptake mechanism
by other cell types. In view of these consideration the present study was
carried out to evaluate bilirubin binding capacity of erythrocytes from
cancer patient.
Methods: Binding of bilirubin to erythrocytes was studied by incubating
erythrocytes with bilirubin solution containing varying amounts of
bilirubin in a defined range. Cells were washed erythrocytes bound
bilirubin was eluted with 2.5 ml of 2.5% albumin solution. Amount of
biliruin in eluate was determined by method of Fog.
Results: Binding of bilirubin to erythrocytes from healthy individuals
and cancers patients was studied at a given amount of bilirubin in the
incubate in the range of 100-900 nmoles. When 100, 200.......
900 nmoles of bilirubin was present in the incubate the percentage
increased in the amount of bilirubin bound was 13,13,8.11,11,1,3,7 and
6% respectively.
Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that the erythrocytes from cancer
patents are capable of binding more bilirubin as compared ciythrocytes
from healthy individuals. This can be attributed to erythrocytes
membrane changes in cancer patients.
P-164
OXIDATIVESTRESS INTHYROTOXICOSIS
P.A.Gcctha, Gectha Damodaran., K.Parvathi
Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Calicut.
Introduction: Thyrotoxicosis is one of the most common afflictions
involving the endocrine system. The most common causes of
thyrotoxicosis include Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter and
toxic solitary nodule. Clinical features include heal intolerance, weight
loss, anxiety, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, proximal myopathy and
ophthalmopathy Oxygen derived free radicals is implicated in the
causation of myocardial insufficncy and myopathy in thyrotoxicosis.
Objective: To study the oxidative change in thyrotoxicosis by measuring
blood levels of lipid peroxidation product - malondialdchyde(MDA) and
the activity of antioxidant enzyme-superoxide dismutase (SOD) against
healthy euthyroid controls.
Methods: 18 hyperthyroid patients due to grave's disease, toxic
multinodular goiter and toxic solitary nodule con finned by the thyroid
function tests formed the study group. 22 healthy euthyroid controls
were taken. Patients clinically proven to have diabetes mcllitus, coronary
artery disease, renal disease and hypertension which can alter MDA
levels were excluded from the study. MDA was measured in serum based
on Valipasha and Sadasivadu's procedure. SerumSOD activity was
measured by the method suggested by Marklund and Marklund 1974.
Results: In thyrotoxic patients compared to control group -MDA level
is significantly elevated (p value < 0.05) -Scrum SOD activity is
decreased signi ficantly (p value < 0.01)
Conclusion:
The present study confirms the presence of oxidative stress in
thyrotoxicosis. This warrants nutritional support with antioxidant
P-165
INFLUENCE OF BEEDI
LIPIDPEROXIDATION STATUS
SMOKING
ON
A. Jain 1, BK Agarwal2, VK. Sharma3, R. Joseph4
Institute: 1,2 and 4 Department of Medical Biochemistry, GMC. Bhopal,
India
3
Department ofMedicine, GMC. Bhopal, India.
Introduction : An endogenous free radical load is generated during
aerobic oxidation. Circulating erythrocytes arc particularly susceptible
to oxidative damage as they have membrane rich in polyunsaturated fatly
acids and contain large amounts of iron that can potentiate free radical
reaction. Smoking increases this free radical load. Cigarette smokers are
generally reported to have increased lipid peroxidation. However, not
much have been reported in case of beedi smokers. The present work
analyses the effect of beedi smoking on erythrocyte lipid peroxidation.
Methods : Status of lipid peroxidation in 25 beedi smokers and 25 age
and sex matched non-smokers were analyzed. Fasting blood samples
were collected and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation level was measured by
the thiobarbituric acid assay and results were expressed as nmoles of
MDA (malondialdehyde) formed.
Results: MDA level was found to be more in beedi smokers compared to
nonsmokers. The mean -l- SD in smokers was found to be 231.04+ 76.49
while in non-smokers it was 122.82+51.27. Statistical analysis of MDA
level of smokers with non-smokers was found to be highlv significant
(PO.OOI).
Conclusion : The Present study has analyzed the effect of beedi smoking
on erythrocyte lipid peroxidation. Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation was
markedly increased. Hence the present study highlights the occurrence
of lipid peroxidation in beedi smokers.
P-166
AN7IOXIDANT ACTIVITY OFCOLEUS AROMATICUS
Subhash Chundrupjia, Dr V Ramakrishna, BM Rudrcsha
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences
BGNagara 571448.
group (28.35+6.73 mg% vs 43.84+4.76 mg%). There was trnd towads
negative correlation between scrum MDA and blood glutathione levels
ir. study group (r = -0.27) but this was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates significant elevation of
MDA and reduction of glutathione in cases of CVA suggesting
involvement of free radical injury in pathogenesis and prognosis ofC VA.
Introduction: Medicinal plants are bnc of the sources of effective
antioxidant drugs to combat oxidative stress induced diseases such as
diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammation and related
degenerative disorders. The present study demonstrates the antioxidant
activity of Coleus aromaticus in in vitro model systems.
Methods: Igof fresh leaves of Coleus aromaticus was extracted in 10ml
distilled water and methanol separately, centrifuged and the clear
supernatant of each extract were used for the further study. Anti-lipid
peroxidation assay of mice liver homogenate was assessed by TBA
method. DPPH radical scavenging activity was done by standard
method.
Results: The result ot the study indicated that Coleus aromaticus extract
exhibits good antioxidant activity against ferrous sulphate: ascorbate
induced lipid peroxidation.
The water extract inhibited lipid
peroxidation by 74±3.8% dose dependently at 100g
1. which is effective than the methanol extract that offered maximum
inhibition ol 51±3.4:% at 300pI. The DPPH radical scavenging activity
of water and methanol extract of Coleus aromaticus was 87±4.5% and
5
4
±
2.8% inhibition respectively in a dose dependent manner at 1 00(11. The a
tocopherol and BI-IA at 0.4mM were used as positive controls which
showed inhibition of lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging
activity to the extent of90%.
P-168
MELATONIN IMPROVES CIRCULATORY
ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS DURING
N -NITROSODIETHYLAMINE -INDUCED
HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN RATS
Dakshayani
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
Introduction: Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone has multiple
biological roles. It is well known as an indirect antioxidant and a direct
free radical scavenger. We analyzed the effect of melatonin on
circulatory lipid peroxides; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
(TBARS) and antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase
(CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH)J
during N-nitrosodiethylaminc (NDEA) induced hcpatocarcinogcncsis
in Wistarrats.
Conclusions: The above study represents that the water and methanol
extracts of Coleus aromaticus exhibit good antioxidant and free radical
scavenging activities suggesting that it may be a natural antioxidant in
combating oxidative stress implicated during physiological processes
and oxidative stress related disorder
Methods: Male albino Wistar rats (150-170 g) were divided into 4
groups of six animals each. Group I rats served as controls. Group 11
animals received signal intraperitoneal injection of NDEA (200 mg/kg
b.w) followed by weekly subcutaneous injection of CC14 (3 ml/kg b.w).
Group III animals received NDEA + CCI4 at the same dose as Group II
animals. In addition melatonin (5 mg/kg b.w) was administered
intraperitoneally throughout the experimental period of 20 weeks.
Group IV rats received melatonin above at the same dose as Group III
rats.
P-167
Results: Higher levels of TBARS accompanied by a decrease in the
antioxidant levels were observed in NDEA treated rats when compared
with control animals. A significant decrease in the levels ofTBARS and
an increase in antioxidant levels were observed in the animals treated
with NDEA as well as melatonin.
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS.
K Kaur. M M Gupta, H K Madaan, G Kaur, S K Honda, A Jain.
Department of Biochemisty and Medicine, . Rajindra Hospital, Patiala.
Punjab, India
Introduction: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) arc one of the major
causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There is free radical
generation during acute ischemic episode and subsequent reperfusion.
The present study is undertaken to evaluate correlation between
malondialdehyde (MDA) (a marker of oxidative stress) and glutathione
(important intracellular antioxidant) in CVA.
Methods: 30 cases of CVA who were admitted in Medicine Department
of Rajindra Hospital, Patiala were studied and age and sex matched 30
normal healthy controls were enrolled. MDA was estimated in serum
using method ofOhkawa ct al (1979). Blood glutathione was estimated
by photometric method adapted by Bcutlcr (1963).
Results: The study showed that maximum number of cases were in age
group of 61-70 years, 16.7% of total cases died in hospital. The mean
value of MDA was 44.43+10.84 imol/L in study group while in
control group it was 9.5413.61 imol/L and this elevation of M DA in cases
was statistically highly significant. On statistical analysis there was
insignificant difference in values of serum MDA in different types of
CVA (43.31 imol/L in infarct: 44.76imol/L in intracerebral hemorrhage;
50.66imol/L in subarachnoid hemorrhage). Serum MDA was
significantly elevated in those who died of CVA (58.95imol/L) as
compared to those who survived (41.53imol/L). Glutathione levels in
study group were signi ficantly decreased as compared to those of control
Conclusion: These findings reveal that melatonin exerts a
chcmopreventivc effect by enhancing the antioxidant status during
hcpatocarcinogcncsis.
P-169
RADIO PROTECTION OF SWISS ALBINO MICE BY
SEED EXTRACT OF BRASSICA COMPESTRIS (VAR
SARASON)
A. K, Soni, M. Swami. R. M. Samarth, S. Qiblawi, Madhu Kumar and
Ashok Kumar*
Radiation & Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur-302 004 [ I ndia]
Brassica compestris var. sarason is a traditional edible plant. Our earlier
study has shown that the ethanolic extract of seed of Brassica compestris
significantly inhibits the induction of skin papillomas in Swiss albino
mice (Qiblawi and Kumar, 1999).Thc present study reports the effect of
Brassica compestris seed extract on radiation induced hematological
and biochemical changes in Swiss albino mice. Animal of Group-I
(Control, radiation alone) were exposed to gamma radiation (3.6 Gy),
while, animals of Group-II (Experimental. Radialion+Brassica),
received Brassica seed extract (800 mg/kg body weight) and were
exposed to gamma radiation(as in Group-I).5/w>.s/c(7 compestris seed
extract was given orally for seven consecutive days prior to radiation
exposure. Hematological parameters were assessed at different intervals
of post-irradiation from day 1 to 14. The average hemoglobin (Hb), total
erythrocyte count (TEC) and total leucocyte count (TLC) in
experimental group were significantly elevated as compared to the
control group of animals. Also. Brassica compestris seed extract
treatment significantly elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) level in
blood against radiation-induced depletion. Treatment with Brassica seed
extract also caused a significant decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA)
formation, suggesting its role in protection against radiation induced
membrane and cellular damage. The results of the present study suggest
that Brassica compestris seed extract modulate the radiation induced
hematological and biochemical alteration in Swiss albino mice.
P-170
RADIO PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ALCOHOLIC
EXTRACT OF MENTHA PIPERITA LINN IN SWISS
ALBINO MICE
Anita Yadav, Pallavi Kaushik, Ravindra Samarth and Ashok Kumar
Radiation & Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004 [India]
Mentha piperita (Linn.) Family-Labiatae, Commonly called
peppermint, is considered as aromatic stimulant and carminative It is
used for al laying nausea, flatulence and vomiting.
Alcoholic extract of Mentha piperita leaves (ALM) has been analysed for
its radioprotective effect against 8Gy gamma radiation. The optimum
dose ofALM which exhibited maximum radioprotection was found to be
100 mg/kg body weight /day for three consecutive days before
irradiation (SGy). The animals pretreated with 50,100, 200,400 (mg/kg
body weight /day) showed 37.50, 75, 50, 62.50%. Survival respectively
against 8Gy gamma radiation after 30 days. A regression analysis of
survival data yielded LD 50/30 as 8.05270.04 and 5.598?
0.12 Gy for radiation and ALM combined group and radiation alone,
respectively and produced a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.43.
Optimum dose of ALM (100 mg/kg body weight /day) was given for
three consecutive days to the experimental group. The experimental and
control groups were irradiated at 8Gy gamma radiation on the 3rd day.
Hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed at 3,7,30 day
intervals post irradiation. The average hemoglobin (Hb), total
erythrocyte count (TEC) and total leucocyte count (TLC) in
experimental group were significantly elevated as compared to the
control group ofanimals. Also, Mentha piperita (Linn.) extract treatment
significantly elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) level in blood against
radiation-induced depletion. Treatment with Mentha piperita (Linn.)
extract also caused a significant decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA)
formation, suggesting its role in protection against radiation induced
membrane and cellular damage. The results of the present study suggest
that Mentha piperita (Linn.) extract modulate the radiation induced
hematological and biochemical alteration in Swiss albino mice. The
radioprotection of Mentha piperita (Linn.) can be attributed to its
antioxidant and antiperoxidants property because of the presence of
eugenol, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and ?-tocopherol.
P-171
EVALUATION OF CH EMOPREVENTIVE ACTION AND
ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECT OF THE STANDARDIZED
PANAX GINSENG EXTRACT, EFLA400, IN SWISS
ALBINO MICE
Meenakshi Panwar. Madhu Kumar. Ravindra Samarth, Ashok Kumar
’Radiation & Cancer Biology Laboratory. Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004[India]
In the present investigation the chcmoprcvcntivc action and
antimulagenic effect of the Standardized Panax Ginseng Extract
(EFLA400, processed Panax ginseng extract containing high titer of
ginsenoside Rg3 (>3.0% w/w) known as Phoenix ginseng) in Swiss
albino mice have been evaluated. The oral administration of EFLA400 at
1,3 and 10 mg/kg body weight at pre, peri and post-initiational phases,
showed significant reduction in number, size and weight of the
papillomas induced by 7, 12 - dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) and
croton oil. A significant reduction in tumor incidence (71. 41 ± 6.73,
72.19 ± 4.54 and 70.46 ± 0.38% at 1,3 and 10 mg/kg body weight,
respectively) was observed in animals EFLA400 treated group as
compared to the 100% tumor incidence in control group. The cumulative
number of papillomas during observation period of 16 weeks was
significantly reduced in EFLA400 treated group (24±0.94, 16± 1.41 and
11 ± 1.41 at 1,3 and 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively). However,
average latent period was significantly increased from 10.81± 0.1 weeks
in control group to 12.39 ± 0.28 weeks in treated group (10 mg/kg body
weight). The average tumor weight was recorded as 1.28.55 ± 8.48.
116.00 ± 8.48 and 57.5 ± 3.29 mg in 1,3 and 10 mg/kg body weight
EFLA400 treated group respectively. Chromosomal aberrations and
micronuclei induction was also evaluated in bone marrow cells. These
genotoxicity end-points were compared with papilloma occurrence at
the same dose levels of carcinogen and ginseng. In EFLA400 treated
groups significantly reduced frequencies of chromosomal aberrations
and micronuclei induced by DMBA and croton oil were observed.
However, maximum decrease in the frequencies of chromosomal
aberrations and micronuclei were recorded in 10 mg/kg body weight
EFLA400 treated group than that of 1 and 3 mg/kg body weight
EFLA400 treated animals. The results from the present study suggest the
dose dependent effectiveness of EFLA400 m chemoprevention and
antimutagenicity in Swiss albino mice.
Key words: DMBA; croton oil; chemoprcvcntion; Standardized Extract
of Panax ginseng (EFLA400); chromosomal aberrations; micronuclei;
papilloma; mouse bone marrow.
P-172
ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HYGROPHILA
AUR1CULATA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-1NDUCED
DIABETIC RATS
M. Vijayakumar, R. Govindarajan, G. M. M. Rao, A.K.S. Rawat and P.
PushpangadanPharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division,
National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001
Introduction.- The increase in oxygen free radicals (OFR) in diabetes
could be due to increase in blood glucose levels. An important Ayurvedic
medicinal plant, Hygrophila auriculala (K. Shcum) (Fam. Acanthaceae)
has been shown to possess hypoglycaemic activity in human subjects
and hepatoprotectivc activity in experimental animals. The
hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant activities of the dried leaves of H.
auriculala in strcptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were evaluated in
different single doses ofhydroalcoholic extracts in diabetic rats.
Methods.- Streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats were treated with
hydroalcoholic extract of //. auriculala in three different single doses
(100, 150 and 250 mg/kg body weight) for three weeks. The effects of
extract on the fasting blood glucose, reduced glutathione (GSH). hepatic
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity along with thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances (TBARS) were monitored.
Results: Extract demonstrated a significant reduction in elevated fasting
blood glucose levels in diabetic rats at 250 mg/kg. Oral administration of
the extract reduced the fasting blood glucose (136 mg/dl). hepatic
TBARS (2 245 nmoles/mg of protein) and GSH level (1.84 nmoles/mg
ofprotein) and significantly increased the hepatic SOD
Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that I! auriculata possesses
potent antidiabetic and antioxidant activity suggesting that
cthnopharmacological approach in selecting the plant for study may be
useful. The report ot the efiicacy ol this plant as hypoglycacmic may be
due to its antioxidant property.
P-173
TOXICITY OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL
METABOLITES TO HEPG2 CELLS IN CULTURE
S. Levy and M. Chcvion
Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Human Genetic, Hebrew
University, Jerusalem. Israel Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a pesticide
used worldwide in industrial and domestic applications, including as a
general biocide and wood preservative. Metabolic studies carried out in
rodents and human hepatoma cells have indicated that PCP undergoes
oxidative de-chlorination to form tclrachlorohydro-quinonc (TCHQ)
and tetrachlorocatechol (TCC).
The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of
TCC alone and in combination with other pollutants, with special
reference to the toxicity of its analog the TCHQ.
status) in understanding pregnancy induced hypertension (PI H).
Materials and methods: Fifty patients of PIH and fifteen patients of
eclampsia were age matched with normal non pregnant females (10) and
nonnotensive pregnant females (25) as controls. Lipid parameters
relating to Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein and
Low Density Lipoprotein were analysed by conventional methods.
Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by thiobarbiluric acid reaction
as a marker of lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant status was measured
by vitamins, uric acid and ceruloplasmin.
Results: An increase of lipid fractions were seen in normal pregnancy
but dyslipidemia was significant in PIH and eclampsia. Triglyceride was
markedly increased & the MDA level increase, was of statistical
significance in these two classes of patients. The antioxidant status
measured by different parameters was variable. The postpartum results
show a significant decrease in lipids and MDA. but to attain the near
normal range, these patients had to be followed for a period ofsix months
to one year. Each parameter of the antioxidant system either increase or
decrease, has different theories.
Conclusion: Free radical reactions promoted by cross talk between the
diseased placenta and maternal dislipidemia promote a vicious cycle of
events that make cause an effect difficult to distinguish but likely to
contribute to the pathogenesis of PIH. The knowledge of such markers
makes therapeutic trials easier and earlier in prevention and progress till
term.
[This analysis was carried out (for M.D, Post Graduate students of
Institute of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Osmania Medical College,
Hyderabad), in the Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of
Medical Sciences, Hyderabad].
The effects ofTCC on Human hepatoma cell line (HcpG2) were studied
in order to verify certain mechanistic aspects of their toxicity.
It was clearly indicated that TCC is more toxic than TCHQ. The effect
was time and dose dependent. Intracellular ATP content was depleted (>
70%) following exposure to TCC, indicating that it is strong uncoupler of
mitochondrial respiration.
Mitochondrial membrane potentials (ATm) were evaluated using MitoTracker (red) fluorescent probes. TCC reduced the membrane potential
(by 60%), already within first 4 h ofexposure Reduced numberofviable
cells following the first day ofexposure was observed and accompanied
by growth arrest at the G1 cell cycle phase. No Sub-Gl fraction was
apparent following TCC exposure, ruling out the possibility that TCC
induced apoptotic cell death.
In contrast to TCC. TCHQ caused a markedly smaller mitochondrial
membrane depolarization, as well as a smaller reduction in cellular ATP
level. During exposure to TCHQ, the corresponding semi-quinone
radical (TCSQ) has been formed, and ROS have apparently been
involved. H,O;, Ascorbate, DFO and metal chelators shed light on the
toxicity of these polychlorophenols, and yielded a better understanding
of the mechanism oftheir action on mammalian cells, in culture.
P-174
DYSLIPIDEMIA, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN PREGNANCY INDUCED
HYPERTENSION
**S. Naidu, #B.Padma,
Reddy, tfS.Sultana, *E.Radha.
**Care Hospitals (earlier worked in NIMS), *N1MS, flOsmania Medical
College, Hyderabad.
Introduction: Hypertension is the most common medical problem of
pregnancy and is associated with increased incidence of maternal and
foetal morbidity and mortality. Uncontrolled lipid peroxidation may
contribute via disruption of membrane lipids and other cells components
to the pathogenesis. The theme of endothelial dysfunction emphasizes
the role of oxidative stress (an imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant
P-175
GINSENG EXTRACT EXHIBITS ANTIMUTAGENIC
ACTIVITY AGAINST MUTAGENESIS IN VARIOUS
STRAINS OFSALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
Thiraviam Geetha, Rohit Bhandari, Indu Pal Kaur
Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
Oxidative stress resulting from toxic effects of free radicals on tissues
plays an important role in the aetiology or pathogenesis of various
degenerative diseases of aging such as cancer. The inhibition of such free
radical-mediated pathophysiology has become a central focus for
research efforts designed to prevent or ameliorate malignancy, and, a
number of studies have been performed to discover antioxidants from
natural products or medicinal plants for prevention of free radical
induced carcinogenesis Recent studies have reported that ginseng
saponins exhibit antioxidant action in vitro and in vivo. Ginseng extract
has also been reported to act as an antimutagen by increasing the rate of
DNA excision repair synthesis in V79 cells in response to treatment with
UV radiation or methyl methane sulphonate. Root extract of Panax
ginseng has also been reported to possess antimutagenic activity in
Chinese hamster lung cells and the same has been proposed to be due to
its involvement in biochemical reactions such as DNA repair synthesis.
We further felt that this antimutagenic effect could also be because of the
oxygen radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation, thus in
the present study we proposed to test ginseng extract in the Salmonella
typhimurium test system (Ames test) using oxidative mutagens. There
arc no reports in literature regarding the antimutagenic action of ginseng
in the different strains of Salmonella typhimurium employing Ames test.
We evaluated Ginseng extract 1 (Helios Pharmaceuticals, Ahmcdabad)
and Ginseng extract II (Ranbaxy Laboratories ltd., Gurgaon) for their
ability to decrease mutagenicity of ter-butylhydroperoxide in Ames
tester strain TA 102, and sodium azide and 4-nitroquinolinc-N-oxide in
TA 100 strains. Further, we evaluated and compared the in vitro
scavenging activity of these two samples of ginseng extract against
superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and DPPH radicals, to
corroborate the postulation that ginseng extract is antimutagenic because
of its capacity to scavenge ROS. Ginseng extract I showed a better DPPH
free radical scavenging (IC50=289.06 ig), superoxide anion scavenging
(IC50=80.19) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (IC50= 119.41
ig). Both ginseng extract I and II were examined for their antimutagenic
activity in the dose range of 1000-4000 ig/plate. Ginseng extract I is
having better antimutagenic activity than that of Ginseng extract II with
ginseng extract I showing almost 80% inhibition al a dose level of4000
ig/plate. Despite the known antioxidant activity of Ginseng, it did not
show any antimutagenic action towards tBOOH in TA 102 strain and the
fact could not be explained.
P-176
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GINGER EXTRACT AND
ITS FORMULATION IN OXIDATIVE STRESS
(ETHANOL)- INDUCED GASTRIC MUCOSAL
LESIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Indu Pal Kaur, Thiraviam Geetha, Amita Garg. Arun Mangla
Department of Pharmaceutics. University Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
The etiology of gastroduodenal ulcers is influenced by various
aggressive and defensive factors such as acid-pepsin secretion, mucosal
barrier, mucus secretion, blood flow, cellular regeneration and
endogenous protective factors (prostaglandin and epidermic growth
factors). The reactive oxygen species generated by the metabolism of
arachidonic acid, platelets, macrophages and smooth muscle cells may
contribute to mucosal damage. Therefore, scavenging free radicals can
be one of the useful options for protecting the gastric mucosa from
oxidative damage. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), a fascinating herb, has
been usedin folk medicine for the relief of a variety of illness, especially
nausea, motion sickness and several other gastrointestinal ailments.
Recently it has been claimed as an effective antioxidant and also an anti
ulcer agent. In the present study we confinn the purported antioxidant
activity of the ginger extract in different in-vitro test systems (DPPH
assay. .OH scavenging. H2O2 scavenging, .02 scavenging and nitric
oxide scavenging). Considering that a more effective ulcer healing can
be achieved by a localized therapeutic action with a long duration,
floating beads of ginger extract were prepared and evaluated along with
ginger extract in ethanol induced gastric ulcers in rats. The latter is a well
established model for oxidative stress induced gastric ulcers. Ginger
extract and its formulations were found to be 50-75% effective in
countering the ethanol induced oxidative stress which was evaluated in
terms of induction of lipid peroxidation and catalase, glutathione and
superoxide dismutase levels of the stomach homogenates. The number
and severity of ulcers expressed in terms of ulcer index and also the
length of haemorrhagic streaks was significantly reduced both by ginger
extract and its floating beads.
P-177
EVALUATION OF ROLE OF OXIDANTS STRESS IN
REHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Leks h mi G S, Parvathy K, Geetha D
Dept, of Biochemistry, SMCSI Medical College, Karakonam,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. India.
Introduction: Rhemumatooid arthritis (RA) follows a chronic course,
with unsatisfactory outcome despite treatment. Its aetiology and
pathogenesis is yet to be fully elucidated. Il is proposed that, movementinduced hypoxia-reperfusion triggers generation and release of reactive
oxygen species and oxygen-derived free radicals into synovial joints,
leading to persistence of chronic synovitis. We examined whether
oxidant stress has any correlation with disease activity in RA by
comparing blood levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA). Superoxide
dismutase (SOD). Catalase and Glucose-6-Phosphate-Dehydrogcnasc
(G6PD) in ‘"'allb and disease.
Methods: This study was conducted on patients attending the
Rchcumatology clinic of medical College, Calicut, Kerala between
December 2000 and November 2001. cases were grouped into two:
clinically active (6) and inactive (44. in remission) with 50 age- matched
controls. RA overlapping with other connective tissue disorders, acute
infections and co-existing diseases were excluded. We chemically
estimated Ivcls of scrum MDA, activities of SOD and Catalase in RBCs
and G6PD activity in scrum.
Results: In active cases, compared to control the MDA levels were
significantly high (p<0.01) and in inactive cases, significantly low
(p<0.05). This decrease could be due to the effect of steroids, NSAIDs
and other drugs used fbr treatment. G6PD activity of bother active and
inactive cases was elevated (p-0.05, p<0.01 respectively). This could be
due to dis-inhibition of G6PD, a regulatory pathway of HMP pathway.
SOD and Catalase did not show statistically significant difference in
activity between cases and control.
Conclusions: MDA level in RA could be used as a biochemical marker
of disease activity and to monitor treatment response. There is not
definite correlation between enzyme levels of SOD Catalase and G6PD
and disease activity.
P-178
OVEREXPRESSION OF CONNEXIN 43 ATTENUATES
NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN ENDOTHELIAL
CELLS: AN EPIPHENOMENON OF CELL DENSITY
DEPENDENT ENOS DISTRIBUTION IN
ENDOTHELIALCELLS
N.P. Durga, K.P.Tamilarasan. S. Chatterjee
AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai
Co-translational and post-translation modifications of endothelial nitric
oxide sysnlhase (eNOS) control nitric oxide (NO) production. Agonist
mediated sub-cellular trafficking of eNOS implicates in the activity of
eNOS. Recent publications suggest that a significantly larger population
of eNOS localizes al the cell-cell interfaces. This information prompts us
to hypothesize that the overexpression of connexin 43 (cx43), a gap
junction protein, intrigue in the bio-availability of nitric oxide (NO) by
interfering with the eNOS activity.
ECV 304, a human endothelial cell line is used for the experiments.
Griess assay, a spectrophotometric method, is employed to measure NO
generation by the cells. Expression of cx43 is verified by using the
electrophysiology techniques. Localization, co-localization and
trafficking of eNOS and cx43 are studied by immunofluorescence
confocal microscopy.
Results of our experiments show that bradykinin promotes sub-cellular
eNOS-GFP trafficking with the simultaneous production of nitric oxide.
Next, confocal microscopy experiments prove that the population of
eNOS-GFP proteins localized at the cell-cell interface in highly
confiuenced cell population by 30% more in comparison to individual
non-attachcd cells. Further, overexpression of Cx43 in high density
ECV304 cells attenuates NO production by 80%..
Present studies show that sub-cellular trafficking of eNOS is a cell
density dependent phenomenon and overexpression of cx43, which co
localizes with eNOS, attenuates the production of NO in high density cell
population. These results direct us to dissect the mechanism of cx43
dependent NO production in EC.
This work was supported by Wellcome Trust grant 070069.
P-179
FLY ASH LEACHATE INDUCES CYTOTOXIC EFFECT IN
CLUTURED HEPATOCYTES OF FRESH WATER FISH
CHANNA PUNCTATA (BLOCH) AN IN-VITRO ASSESSMENT.
MehboobAli, Sageer AKhan, Hasib-ur-Rchman & S. Raisuddin.
P-181
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF TWO VARIETIES OF
Solatium nigrum (L)
K. Kalaivani* and P R.Padmab
Ecotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Lab., Faculty of Science,
Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062.
a Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Aris and Science
College, Coimbatore 641 029, India.
Introduction: My ash is a complex mixture of heavy Metals, dioxins
and diffurans, PCBs, PCDs. PAHs and PHAH produced by combustion
of coal. Recently we reported its cncct on antioxidant level of fresh water
fish Channa punctata (Bloch)
(Ali ct al, 2004). Recently we
investigated the effect of fly ash leachate on cultured hepatocytes of fish
water fish Channapunctata (Bloch).
b - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam
Deemed University, Coimbatore 641 043, India.
Methodology: Liver cells, were isolated and maintained by method of
Klauring (1985). Cells were treated with different concentration of FAL
(10.20 50 and 100%) for 24 and 48 hrs. The LDH, H2O2 and Superoxide
generation and Apoptosis were estimated by standard protocols. LPO
and Protein were measured according to Mihara and Uchiyama (1978)
and Lowry et al (1951).
Results: Cultured hepatocytes of fresh water fish Channa Punctata
( Bloch) was used to assess cytotoxicity of Fly ash Leachate (FAL). The
production of H2O2, superoxide and level of Lipid Peroxidation (LPD)
increased significantly (p<0.01.0.001) with concentration but at highest
concentration (100%) a significantly (p<0.001) decrease reported
Leachate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and percentage of apoptotic
cells were increased significantly (p<0.01.0.001) with concentration of
FAL.
Conclusion: It may be concluded that 10,20, 50% FAL causes LPO by
producing ROS such as H2O2, superoxide while 100% FAL may lead to
cell death and decrease in levels of all three parameters studied.
Moreover, LDH release and induction of apoptosis in the cells may also
be due to ROS.
A majority of diseases or disorders arc mainly due to the imbalance
between pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostatic phenomenon in the
body. Antioxidant principles from the natural resources possess
multifacctcdness in their multitude and magnitude of activities and
provide enormous scope in correcting the imbalance. Therefore much
attention is being directed to harvest the antioxidant principles from the
natural resources, like plants. The objective of the present investigation
was to assess the activities of the enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, Px,
GPx, G6PD, PPO and Ascorbic acid oxidase), and the levels of noncnzymic antioxidants (a-carotcne, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, GSH, Total
phenols and chlorophyll) and the minerals (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and Se) in the
leaves of two varieties of Solanum nigrum (L), one bearing the black
berries and the other bearing the red berries. The extent of inhibition of
Lipid peroxidation, Superoxide and Nitric oxide radical generation were
also studied. The results showed that the leaves of both varieties were
rich in antioxidants.
P-182
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF Moringa oleifera ON
ETHANOL AND CCI, INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN
RATS
S. Sreelatha* and P.R.Padmab.
P-180
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF Piper belle (L) ON CCI4
INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN VITRO
U.
Saraswathi* and P.R.Padmab
a Lecturer. Department of Biochemistry, PSG college of Arts and
Science.Coimbatore 641 014, India.
b - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam
Deemed University, Coimbatore 641 043, India.
The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Piper belle leaves were studied
for its hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity in CCI4 induced hepatic
damage in goat liver slices. Hepatic dysfunction was evaluated by
measuring the concentrations of lipid peroxidation, enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants. The aqueous and methanolic extracts at 500
mg/kg reduced the elevated lipid peroxidation. There was also a
significant increase in the levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD),
Catalase (CAT), Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD),
Glutathione related enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (GPX),
glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathionc-S-transfcrasc (GST)],
Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Total thiols and GSH. Both aqueous
and methanolic extracts exerted protective effects but the antioxidant
effect of the latter was more pronounced and was comparable with a
standard hepatoprotective agent, silymarin. Our findings suggest that the
probable mechanism of hepatoprotection by Piper belle against CCI,
induced hepatic injury could be due to its antioxidant and free radical
scavenging property.
a Department of Biochemistry. N.S. College, Thcni.b - Department of
Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam Deemed University,
Coimbatore 641 043, India.
In recent years, there is an upsurge in the interest in issues related to
human health and in the possible role of nutrition in the prevention of
disease. Scientific interest in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and
oxidative stress is growing very rapidly. The field of ROS and
antioxidants now ramifies into all areas of biology and medicine.
Oxidative stress mechanisms arc known to play a significant role in the
development of various diseases. Phytochemicals, which have the
propensity to scavenge free radicals can be effectively employed to
prevent or reduce oxidative damage.
Moringa oleifera is a traditional medicinal plant of Moringaccae family.
The in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of aqueous
extracts ofMoringa oleifera was evaluated against ethanol CCI. induced
oxidative stress in rats. The ethanol CCI4 induced rats simultaneously
received aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera. The lipid peroxidation.
enzymic and non-cnzymic antioxidants were assessed in the liver.
Ethanol CCI., intoxication resulted in significantly elevated levels of
hepatic LPO products such as conjugated dienes and and
hydroperoxides, TBARS and lowered the activities of the antioxidant
enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase,
glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase when compared to
control rats. Decreased levels of non-cnzymic antioxidants Vitamin A,
Vitamin C. Vitamin E, and reduced glutathione were observed in ethanol
CCI., induced rats when compared to controls. The concurrent
administration of Moringa oleifera extract resulted in significant
reduction of TBARS, conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides and elevated
the levels of enzymic and non-cnzymic antioxidants when compared
with ethanol-CCl4 treated rats. The levels were also comparable to those
induced by the standard hepatoprotective agent, silymarin. These
observations clearly suggest the antioxidant and hepatoprotective
potential ofMoringa oleifera in experimentally induced oxidative stress
in rats.
P-183
P-185
MOLECULAR STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF Withania
PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF Artemisia vulgaris LEAVES
AGAINST DNA DAMAGE INDUCED IN VITRO BY
OXIDANTS
somnifera USING Hep 2 CELL LINE.
S.Sumathiand P.R.Padma
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology.
Avinashilingam Deemed University. Coimbatore 641 043, India.
Ayurveda emphasizes a holistic lifestyle that has many components,
which can reduce free radical damage due to ROS. Traditionally,
different pans of Withania somnifera are used in the treatment of a
variety of disorders. This attracted us to this plant and the antioxidant
potential of different parts of the plant namely leaves, roots, stem, fresh
and dry tubers was confirmed. The present study was undertaken to see if
the antioxidants present in the plant offered protection against oxidant
assault to in vitro system namely Hep 2 cell line. The leaves, fresh and
dry tuber extracts were tested for their ability to protect blood cells and
Hep 2 cell line against DNA damage induced by H,O, and subsequent
repair. The extent of cytotoxicity of tire extracts were also analysed. The
leaf and fresh tuber extracts decreased the damage to a greater extent
followed by dry' tuber extract. Effective repair of the damaged DNA took
place in the presence of the leaves and tuber extracts. The cytotoxicity
test showed a decrease in the fraction ofviablc cells upon H,O2treatment.
Co-treatmeni with the extracts improved viability. The extracts
themselves caused Hep 2 cells to die, implying that they may possess
anticancer principles.
C.GJamuna and P.R.Padma
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam
Deemed University, Coimbatore 641 043, India.
The objective laid out for the study was to compare the efficiency of the
extracts in the Artemisia vulgaris leaves extracted into solvents of
differing polarities and to judge the extent of DNA damage in various
DNA sources induced by ILO, in the presence and absence of the leaf
extracts in vitro. The observations suggested that the leaves of Artemisia
vulgaris contain polar and non polar components that decreased DNA
damage significantly and the extent of protection offered was dependent
on the nature of DNA. Another candidate in the investigation of reversal
of DNA damage was cultured Hep 2 cells. The three extracts of the leaves
significantly decreased the number of comet bearing cells and increased
the viability of the H2O, assaulted Hep 2 cells. The extent of damage to
deoxyribose was studied and the leaves were found to possess hydroxyl
radical scavenging activity and can thus protect the sugar moiety of
DNA. The antioxidant properties of Artemisia vulgaris, as revealed by
this study, makes it an ideal candidate for the search of antioxidant and
anticancer drugs.
P-186
P-184
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED
ANTIOXIDANTS IN FLOWERS AND LEAVES OF
WHITE AND VIOLET VARIETY OF Clitoria ternateae
(SANGUPUSHPAM)
Jayachitra* and P.R.Padma'1.
a Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Sourashlra College, Madurai.
b - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam
Deemed University. Coimbatore 641 043, India.
Plants arc one of the most important sources of medicine. Herbal
products are being used as drug from lime immemorial in all pans of the
world. The use of plants or parts of plants such as root, bark, flowers and
seeds are remedies for diseases. Most evidence suggest that plant derived
products are protective against several diseases. The present study was
carried out in Clitoria ternateae (Linn) leaves and flowers (white and
violet). The enzymic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide
dismutase. glutathione-S-transfcrase and glutathione reductase) and
total carotenoids were analyzed in the leaves and flowers. Chlorophyll
was also estimated in the leaf samples. The results showed that all the
plant parts analyzed possessed considerable antioxidant content, albeit
differences in the levels of individual components. The extracts of these
plant parts were also effective in inhibiting the lipid peroxidation
induced in vitro. Our results indicate that the plants of Clitoria ternateae
are rich sources of antioxidants and can be exploited for combating
oxidant-induced diseases after further studies.
EVALUATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF
Triticum aestivum AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS IN
SELECTED IN VITRO MODELS
M.Vidya and P.R.Padma
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam
Deemed University, Coimbatore 641 043, India.
Medicinal plants have always had an important place in the therapeutic
armoury of mankind. Both cancer-inducing and cancer-reducing
properties have been attributed to a large number of plants in folklore and
in systems of traditional medicine all over the world. Some plant
products may increase the repair of DNA damage thus reducing the
chances of carcinogenesis and this is mainly rendered by the antioxidants
present in the plants. The aim of the present study was to assess the extent
of oxidative stress, the activities and the levels of antioxidants, in vitro
inhibition of LPO, SO. NO generation by the Triticum aestivum leaf
(Wheat grass) extracts in vitro at three different time periods ofgrowth (4
days, 8 days and 12 days after sowing) in the presence and absence of
oxidative stress. The in vitro models used were goat liver slices and
human peripheral blood cells as a means to replace or minimize the live
animals in experiments. Our results showed that the leaves of the 4lh day
plant exhibited good antioxidant effect.
P-187
EFFECT OF THYROID STATE ON HYDROPEROXIDE
METABOLISING ENZYMES OF RATTESTES
D.K.Sahoo, A.Roy, S.Chattopadhyay and G.B.N.Chainy
Departments of Zoology and Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani
Vihar, Bhubancswar-751 004, India.
Introduction: Thyroid hormones are considered to be one of the most
important biological modulators of metabolism which ultimately affect
many physiological processes in general and male reproduction in
particular. The effect of thyroid hormone on male reproduction is well
reported in the past but the information on the effect of thyroid hormone
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
163
on antioxidant defence system of testes is scanty. In the present study we
observed the effect of triiodothyronine (T,) on the activities of the
hydroperoxide metabolizing enzymes namely, catalase and glutathione
peroxidase (GPx) with respect to different durations of treatment.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were given a daily intraperitoneal injection
of 20 g T,/100g body weight for 1 day, 3 days and 5 days (n=5 for each
set). The control rats for each experimental set were given vehicle for the
three respective periods as mentioned above (n=5 for each set). Catalase
and GPx activites were assayed in the post-mitochondrial fraction of
testes.
Results: The results of the present study showed that T, treatment for I
day failed to induce any significant alteration in catalase activity whereas
the enzyme activity significantly increased following T, treatment for 3
days when compared to the control (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the
enzyme activity decreased significantly from control in response to 5
days of T, treatment (P < 0.05). No significant change was observed in
the activity of GPx in any of the three durations of treatment.
P-189
MODULATION OF RADIOSENSITIVITY OF BREAST
CANCER CELL LINE MCF-7 BY TOCHOPHEROL
SUCCINATE
Amit Kumar, B.N. Pandey and K. P. Mishra
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085
Introduction: -Tocopherol succinate (TOS) is an cstcrificd analogue of
-tocopherol (vitamin E) lacking the antioxidant property of parent
molecule. TOS has been shown to preferentially kill the malignant cell
through apoptosis without showing significant toxicity to normal cells
(Neuzil 2000). In
the present investigation, Radiation induced
membrane oxidative damage and apoptotic cell death and their
modification by TOS has been investigated in breast cancer cell line
MCF-7 in vitro.
Conclusions: These results suggest that hyperthyroidism induced by T,
hormone plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of catalase
whereas it did not influence the glutathione peroxidase activity in the
testes of rats.
Methods: After harvesting the tumor cells from culture condition, they
were suspended either in PBS or in isotonic sucrose solution (272 mM,
pH: 7.4). The cells were irradiated for desired radiation dose at room
temperature (dose rate: 0.5 Gy/min.) with -rays (Junior Theratron, MDS
Nordian, Canada). Gamma radiation and TOS induced membrane
changes were measured by DPH fluorescence polarization method. Cell
viability was determined by trypan blue and per cent apoptosis was
measured by annexin V and MC-540 fluorescence.
P-188
Results: It was observed that tumor cells treated with increasing
concentration of TOS (10-100 M) yielded dual response to alterations in
membrane fluidity. A decrease in viability and increase in per cent
cellular apoptosis was observed in TOS treated cells depending on the
concentration of TOS. Results showed that TOS induced apoptosis
maximally after 24 hr of treatment of MCF-7 cells. The results suggest
that treatment of tumor cells with TOS increased the per cent apoptosis
by irradiation. In addition, a significant increase in apoptosis was
observed when tumor cells were immediately irradiated after TOS
treatment.
INVITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FICUS
GLOMERATA
KPChannabasavaraj, S Badami, P C Jagadish and B Suresh
J S S College ofpharmacy, Rock land, Ooty-643001.
Introduction: Ficus glomerata Roxb. (Family: Moraceae) is an
evergreen tree found through out India and Sri Lanka.Almost all parts
possess medicinal properties. The root is useful in dysentery and a
fluid obtained from it by incision is administered as a powerful tonic.
The root is also useful in hydrophobia. The bark is cooling , acrid ,
galactagogue, good for the gravid uterus, asthma and piles. It is given
as an astringent and as a wash for wounds. The antidiabetic and
antidiarrheal activity of its bark and antipyretic activity of its root is
reported in the literature . Several tritcrpcncs and steroids have been
isolated. Except these studies no other activities have been carried
out. Many plants of genus ficus arc used in medicine for the treatment
of skin diseases, ulcer, gonorrhoea etc. Several of these diseases are
do to the involvement of free radicals in our body . Hence, in the
present study, methanol extract of the bark and roots officus glomerata
were screened for in vitro antioxidant activity using standard methods.
Methods: The bark and root of ficus glomerata were collected
authenticated and extracted with methanol by maceration. The extracts
after concentration and drying under vacuum were screened for
antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging by
p-NDA, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and superoxide radicals
scavenging methods.
Results: Methanol extract of bark shows potent scavenging activity of
DPPH.
ABTS, hydroxyl and hydrogen peroxide radicals with IC^,
values of 1.62±0.054, 0.913±0.04, 25.83±0.36 and 27.16±0.166 pg/ml
respectively. Methanolic extract of root also showed strong activity on
ABTS with ICW value 6.48x0.15 pg/ml. In the other method moderate to
low activity was observed by both the extracts. The bark extract was
found to be more potent when compare to the root extract.
Conclusions: The plant merits further in in-vivo models and
identification of its active constituents.
Conclusion: The combined effect of TOS and radiation on tumor cells
showed synergistic action on tumor cells which possibly was mediated
through lysosomal destabilization. It is further shown that TOS induced
apoptosis in tumor cells suggesting that may provide an approach to
develop more effective clinical outcome in cancer radiotherapy.
P-190
AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF IRRADIATED
CURCUMIN AND FERULIC ACID IN EXPERIMENTAL
DIABETES
T.Balasubashini and V P. Menon,
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar
608 002. Tamilnadu, India.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder is a major health
problem. Although there are a number of drugs available in the market,
long time use of these may cause a number of side effects. Hence a large
number of studies are in progress to find natural sources which are
effective in reducing the intensity of diabetes. We have studied the effect
of irradiated curcumin and ferulic acid on experimental diabetes in order
to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of these
compounds on streptozotocin (40 mg/kg b.w) induced diabetes.
Methods: Irradiated curcumin was given at a dose of 10, 30 and 80
mg/kg body weight and ferulic acid at 10 and 40 mg/kg body weight. The
level of glucose, activities of glucose metabolizing enzymes hexokinase
and glucosc-6-phosphatase and antioxidant enzymes superoxide
dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were altered in diabetic
condition.
Results: The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,
hydroperoxides and free fatty acids were also elevated in diabetic
animals Oral administration of both ferulic acid and irradiated curcumin
for 45 days resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of blood
glucose along with near normalizing the enzymic activities and the levels
of lipid peroxidative markers. The most effective results were obtained
on treatment with 30 mg irradiated curcumin and 10 mg ferulic acid.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that both the drugs arc effective in
controlling the blood sugar and maintaining the antioxidant status even
at much lower levels.
P-191
ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII
IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
GDayanand Reddy. R. Kartik, Ch.V. Rao, S.K.Ojha, A.K.S. Rawat and
P. Pushpangadan
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical
Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001
Introduction: The increase in oxygen free radicals (OFR) in diabetes
could be due to increase in blood glucose levels. An important Ayurvedic
medicinal plant. Murraya kocnigii (spreng) (Fam. Rutaccac) has been
shown to possess hypoglycaemic activity in human subjects and
hepatoprotective activity in experimental animals. The hypoglycemic
and anti-oxidant activities of the dried leaves of M. koenigii in Alloxaninduced diabetic rats were evaluated in different single doses of
hydroalcoholic extracts in diabetic rats.
Methods: Alloxan -induced diabetic rats were treated with
hydroalcoholic extract of M. kocnigii in three different single doses (50,
100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for one week. The effects of extract on
the fasting blood glucose, reduced glutathione (GSH), hepatic
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity along with thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances (TBARS) were monitored.
Results: Extract demonstrated a significant reduction in elevated fasting
blood glucose levels in diabetic rats at 200 mg/kg. Oral administration of
the extract reduced the fasting blood glucose (115 mg/dl), hepatic
TBARS (2.015 nmoles/mg of protein) and GSH level (1.75 nmoles/mg
ofprotein) and significantly increased the hepatic SOD.
Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that M. koenigii possesses
potent antidiabetic and antioxidant activity suggesting that
ethnopharmacological approach in selecting the plant for study may be
useful. The report of the efficacy of this plant as hypoglycaemic may be
due to its antioxidant property.
P-192
INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN CORONARY ARTERY
DISEASE
S.S. ThomasJ. A. Raizada ‘, S. Agrawal', M. Bansal \ H.V. Singh4, R.R.
Kasliwal \ N. Trehan2
1 .Dept.of Biochemistry. Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre,
New Delhi
2.Executive Director, Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, New
Delhi
3.Dept, of Cardiology. Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, New
Delhi
Dcpt. of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad
4.
Introduction: Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interlcukin-6 (IL-6)
and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-) are important in vascular endothelial
dysfunction and the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and
type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Cytokine expression could increase the
redox state and activate oxidant-sensitive inflammatory signals. Carotid
intimal-medial thickness (IMT) is also an early index of inflammation in
the development of atherosclerotic lesion. This study is being
undertaken to investigate the interplay between cytokine expression and
redox state in Indians.
Methods: The study included 67 controls and 84 cases ofCAD-DM or
CAD. IL-6 and TNF- levels were analysed in the scrum of the subjects by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using kits from Cyiimmune
Sciences Inc.. USA. Carotid IMT was measured using high-resolution
Sonos 5500 (Hewlett Packard. Inc., Anaheim, CA. USA) with a duplex
B-mode scanner and a linear phased array transducer of 7.5 MHz
frequency, in a fasting state.
Results: Significant increases were noted in the serum concentrations of
IL-6 (mean SD for controls vs cases, 0.796 0.519 ng/ml vs 0.969 1.18
ng/ml; P< 0.0001) and TNF-(1.558 0.392ng/mlvs2.323 0.978ng/ml:
P < 0.0001). Carotid IMT was increased in the cases (mean SD, 0.716
185 mm).
0.
Conclusion: Concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6
and TNF- arc significantly elevated in CAD and type 2 DM which might
reflect the emergence of inflammation as a conceivable unifying
etiologic mechanism for both. Increased IMT in the cases also supports
the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, though at present its
elevation is not significant. Thus both CAD and type 2 DM arc possibly
associated with endothelial dysfunction and elevated oxidative state.
P-193
TOTAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN
LIVER CIRRHOTICS
S. Prakash and YK Joshi
Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi
Background Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological
mechanism in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC).
Objective: To assess oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in the
development of ALC. We assess the oxidative stress by measuring
malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant status by measuring
glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total
antioxidant capacity (TAC).
Method: 40 patients (mean age 52? 16.8 years) and 20 healthy
volunteers (mean age 35? 18.0 years) from OPD of the department of
Gastroenterology, Al IMS, New Delhi were included in the study. In the
etiology of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, traditional liver function profile was
abnormal and intake of alcohol was upto 60 gram/day. Serum levels of
MDA, Gpx, SOD and TAC were determined by Spectrophotometric
methods.
Results: Scrum levels of MDA (4.68? 1.25 vs. 2.56? 1.52 nM/ml,
p<0.002) were increased in patients with ALC vs. controls. The levels of
Gpx (875? 112 vs. 806? 106 U/L) were not significantly different in the
patients vs. controls. However, scrum level of SOD (I 28? 0.32 vs. 2.28?
0.67 U/rni, p< 0.002) and TAC (1.60? 0.42 vs. 2.46?0.56 nM/ml, p
<0.000) were significantly decreased in patients with ALC
Conclusion: The presence of MDA in-patients with alcoholic liver
cirrhosis suggests the oxidative stress in this process. This finding
suggest that impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms may be an
important factor in the pathogenesis of ALC and treatment approaches
that affect the antioxidant enzymes may be beneficial in patients with
P-194
However, mechanism independent of Oxidative stress may also
contribute to hepatotoxic effects of lead and alcohol.
Eb FECI OF VITAMIN E ADMINISTRATION ON
ALCOHOL LEAD INTERACTIVE NEUROTOXICITY
Anasuva MR. andAroorAR
P-196
Department of Biochemistry
Kempcgowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore.
Introduction: Lead is an environmental toxicant and alcohol abuse is
associated with deleterious effects on brain. Recently, alcohol has been
reported to enhance neurotoxic cflccts of lead. But the mechanisms and
mediators oi alcohol-lead interactive toxicity and modes of treatment of
neurotoxicity remains largely unknown.
Methods: Eight groups of rats were used for study. Group I: control.
Group II: lead acetate (160 mg of lead acetate per liter in water). Group
III: 10% of alcohol in drinking water. Group IV: lead and alcohol. Group
V, VI, VII AND VIII: same treatment as mentioned for Group 1 to IV but
diet containing of500 mg of vitamin E per kilogram of diet for 8 weeks.
Lipid peroxidation was assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive species.
The protein content was determined by Lowry's method. Protein
carbonyl content was determined by colorimetric method. The cerebral
cortex was used for determination
Results: In rats cocxposcd to lead and alcohol, the increase in MDA
levels and protein carbonyl content was more marked compared to rats
treated with alcohol or lead alone. The decrease in protein content was
more significant in alcohol-lead coexposed rats. Vitamin E was effective
in suppressing MDA levels and proteins carbonyl content. Protein
content was decreased significantly after vitamin E treatment.
Conclusions: Lead and alcohol interaction results in more pronounced
neurotoxicity Vitamin E suppression of lead alcohol interactive toxicity
indicate the role of oxidative stress in lead alcohol interactive
neurotoxicity. However, oxidative stress independent mechanism may
also contribute to neurotoxic effects of lead and alcohol.
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PRE-ECLAMPSIA
Vanitha G, KrishnaL, AroorAR
Department of Biochemistry, and Obstetrics and
Gynaecology,
Kempcgowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka
Introduction: The etiology and pathogenesis of prc-cclampsia, a
frequent complication of pregnancy, remain obscure. Although free
radical mediated endothelial cell injury might be an etiologic factor, the
role of oxidative stress in prc-cclampsia arc not clearly known. The
present study was aimed to address the role of oxidative stress in prccclampsia.
Methods: The study was carried out on thirty normotensive nonpregnant women and thirty normotensive pregnant women as controls
and thirty established cases of prc-eclampsia as cases. Serum was
analysed for malonaldehydc, ceruloplasmin, glucose, urea, creative and
uric acid. Urine samples were analysed for protein, creatinine and
glucose.
Results: Malonaldehydc levels were moderately increased in pregnant
controls, but markedly increased in prc-cclamptic women. In the pre
eclamptic group, malonaldehydc levels showed significant correlation to
urine protein to creatinine ratios (p<0.05). Serum ceruloplasmin levels
were significantly increased in prc-eclamptic women (p<0.01). In the
postpartum samples, although blood pressure returned to normal after
delivery, proteinuria and oxidative stress remained at higher levels after
delivery.
Conclusions: Prc-eclampsia is associated with increased oxidative
stress that may be the cause for renal injury in this condition. Enhanced
oxidative stress is not dependent on compromised ceruloplasmin
function.
P-195
EFFECTS OF VITAMIN E ADMINISTRATION ON
ALCOHOL LEAD INTERACTIVE HEPATOTOXICITY
Harishekar. M.B and Aroor. A. R.
Department of Biochemistry,
Kempcgowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
Introduction: Liver, kidneys and brain have been considered as the
target organs for the toxic effects of lead. Alcohol abuse is associated
with deleterious effects on several organs in the body particularly liver
and brain. Alcohol has been shown to potentiate lead induced cytotoxic
effects but the molecular mechanisms and mediators of alcohol-lead
interactive toxicity and modes of prevention and treatment of
hepatotoxicity are not clearly known.
Methods: The study consisted of SD rats and the animals were treated
with lead, alcohol and vitamin-E for eight weeks, Group kcontrol,
Group II Lead acetate (160mg of lead acetate per litre in water), Group
III: 10% alcohol in drinking water. Group IV: lead and alcohol. Group V,
VI, VII. VIII: same treatment as mentioned for I to IV but diet consists of
500 mg of Vitamin E per Kg of diet. Lipid-peroxidation was assessed by
TBARS, the protein content was determined by Lowry's method,
Vitamin C, and Vitamin E was determined by colorimetric method.
Results: In rats coexposed to lead and alcohol, the increase in Lipidperoxidation was more marked, compared to rats treated with alcohol or
lead alone. The Vitamin C and protein content was markedly decreased
in alcohol lead coexposed rats. Vitamin E was partially effective in
suppressing MDA levels. Both protein and Vitamin C content was
marginally increased after Vitamin E supplementation.Co/zcZ/z.v/o/m’.Lead and alcohol interaction results in more pronounced hepatotoxicity.
Vitamin E suppression of toxic effects of these chemicals indicates the
role of Oxidative Stress in lead plus alcohol interactive hepatotoxicity.
P-197
PARAOXONASE ACTIVITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
IN NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS
WITH AND WITHOUT MICROALBUMINURIA
MahadevaSKand AroorAR
Department of Biochemistry, Kempcgowda Institute of Medical
Sciences Bangalore,Karnataka. India
Introduction: Recently, protective effect of HDL against oxidative
modification of LDL by enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipid
hydroperoxides by paraoxonasc has been reported.
Low serum
paraoxonasc activity independent of genotype has been reported in
diabetes mellitus, but the effect of hyperglycemic control and oxidative
stress has not been examined. In the present study, we have evaluatedthe
changes of paraoxonasc activity in non insulin independent diabetes
mellitus(NIDDM) and modulation of paraoxonasc activity by oxidative
stress
Methods: The study was carried out on 21 NIDDM cases with
microalbuminuria, 40 cases of NIDDM without microalbuminuria and
thirty six controls. Scrum was analyzed for malonaldehydc levels,
paraoxonasc activity, HDL-cholesterol levels and apolipoprotein A-I
levels Urine samples were analyzed for albumin and creatinine
Results: Scrum paraoxonasc activity was decreased in diabetes mellitus.
The activity was significantly low in NIDDM cases with
microalbuminuria compared to NIDDM cases without
microalbuminuria
as compared to well-controlled diabetes mellitus. The correlation
between paroxonase activity and microalbuminuria was significant
DICAL VIEW GF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESWIAT?
TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN CHRONIC RENAL
FAILURE (CRF) PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS (HD)
AND CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL
DIALYSIS (CAPD).
DrKrishnaswamy, PR Director operations, Sagar multispeciality
hospital .Bangalore. India
DnAnjali Rao. Professor in BioChemistry, Kasturba Medical College,
Manipal, India
Murali. IK Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
LEAD TOXICITY
Siva Shankcr, Satish Chandra Reddy, Abjal Pasha Shark and
Kaiser Jamil
Dept, of Genetics, Mahavir Hospital and Research Centre,
Hyderabad-500004. A.P. INDIA
Lead is a widely prevalent environmental contaminant. Although lead is
not biologically required, but it enters the biological systems through
inhalation, dermal or oral routes and causes toxic effect in adults and
more severe effects in children. Besides nephropathy, hematological,
gastrointestinal and neurological dysfunctions, it is reported to cause
oxidative stress. Hence the aim of this investigation has been to estimate
the antioxidant activity of lead treated samples invitro, using peripheral
blood samples from healthy donors .Two controls and three sets of
treatments like: Pb treated, Pb + UV radiation treated and UV radiation
treated lymphocytes from peripheral blood samples were set up for
experimental purposes. Total antioxidants in these 5 sets of experiments
were determined by ABTS assay. Our results reveal that the toxic effect
of Pb is enhanced in the presence of UV radiation, since the total
antioxidant enzymes were inhibited. The endogenous antioxidant
enzymes with their sulfhydryl groups serve as targets of di valent cationic
lead which may form a closed ring complex thus inhibiting its action.
The antioxidant status can thus be used as a biomarker for Pb toxicity..
P-200
AN EVALUATIN OF ANTIOXIDANT AND NUTRITIONAL
STATUS OF NON-1NSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES
MELLITUS SUBJECTS
Prectham Phillips and Asna Urooj
Dept, of Studies in Food Science & Nutrition of Mysore,
Mysore-570006.
Studies have reported that elevated levels of lipid pcr-oxidation in
diabetic patients especially in poorly controlled compared with wellcontrolled diabetic patients increased Reactive Oxidative Stress (ROS)
mediated lipid pcr-oxidation in diabetes may result from disturbances in
antioxidant defense. The present study was carried out in NIDDM
subjects (n=300) and healthy control subjects (n=100 and assessed the
nutritional intake of the subjects and their antioxidant status.
Biochemical parameters like mean of glucose (350mg/dl), lipids such as
total Cholesterol (228mg/dl), Triglycerides (199mg/dl), HDL
cholesterol (38mg/dl), LDL cholesterol (151mg/dl) were analyzed for
diabetic subjects. Normal subjects mean values of glucose, Cholesterol,
Triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol were 125 mg%, 178mg%,
108mg%, 48mg%, 96mg% respectively. All the values arc found to be
above the optimal level. The mean antioxidants values such as Vitamin
'E' (1.9mg%) Glutathione (0.29mmol/ml), SOD (982 U/g I lb), Mg 91.45
mg%) were analyzed in Diabetic and healthy subjects antioxidants arc
found 2.24mg%, 0.42mmol/ml, 1512 U/gHb, 2.1 mg% respectively. The
dietary intakc/pattem was obtained from each subject by 24 hr recall
method and the nutrient intake was calculated. It was found that all the
DM subjects were >40 years age majority had developed complications
like neuropathy. Food intake data revealed a less frequent and inadequate
intake of antioxidant-rich vegetables and fruits by DM subjects. The
study indicates that increased ROS-mediatcd lipid per oxidation in
diabetes may result from disturbances in antioxidant defenses.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS ■ DESTINATION INDIA
va
-
Enhanced oxidative stress has been implicated as one of the co morbid
factors in the premature cardiovascular complications in chronic renal
failure (CRF) patients on hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory
peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The present study was taken up to evaluate
the antioxidant status in the above category of patients.30 HD and 20 PD
patients with age/sex-matchcd controls were enrolled in the study.
Materials and methods: The parameters evaluated were total antioxidant
activity and reduced glutathionc-GSH by spectrophotometric methods.
Fasting serum samples were assayed for total antioxidant capacity by the
method of Koracevic et al. The assay measures the capacity of biological
fluids to inhibit the production of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances
(TB ARS) from sodium benzoate under the influence of the free oxygen
radicals (ROS) derived from Fenton's reaction.GSH from whole blood
was measured by the modified method of Beutlar ct al. The method
involves the reacation of sulphydryl compounds with Ellman's reagent
(DTNB) to form yellow colored compound measured at 412 nm. Total
antioxidant status in scrum and GSH in rbe's were significantly reduced
in the HD and CAPD patients than the control gp. However the
antioxidant status and GSH activity was slightly on the higher side in
the CAPD patients than the HD gp showing the CAPD patients had better
compliance and tolerance than HD patients. This is attributed to loss of
blood, and soluble antioxidants like ascorbic acid in the HD gp during
dialysis than found in the CAPD gp. Also high doses of IV iron therapy to
maintain adequate iron stores for hematopoiesis to counter anemia may
aggravate the oxidative stress in HD gp. Thus enhanced oxidative stress
with low antioxidants levels as shown above to counter the ROS
generated during dialysis, coupled with oxidatively modified lipid
components like oxidized LDL, malnutrition and accumulation of
uremic toxins may be contributing to the high mortality rate due to
cardiovascular diseases in the above category ofpatients.
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AS BIOMARKERS FOR
f? *8 U fl n
aa.mhmwmiV
A
'J/awawav/j
P-198
P-199
i i i(■h A kia itiiim
h mm iwi w w■_ tu■ n■.fl fl fl
Malonaldehyde levels were moderately increased in N1DDM cases with
or without microalbuminuria. Decreased paraoxonasc activity was
associated with decrease in HDL-cholcstcrol and apolipoprotein A-l
levels in plasma.
Conclusions: Decreased paraoxonase activity in diabetes mellitus may
reflect impaired HDL function resulting from glomerular injury.
P-201
EVALUA1ION OF TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN
THYROID DYSFUCTION
Amtha D, Jaya Kumari S, Arokyasami, Sugirtha, Grace, Kamarai,
Prcmalatha. Glory, Shiv Shankar
Dept, of Clinical Biochemistry, St. John's Medical College Hospital,
Bangalore 34.
Introduction: Cell damage caused by free radicals is a major contributor
to many diseases. In Thyroid dysfunction, free radicals have been
implicated as one of the causative factors. Antioxidant vitamins and
enzymes serve as scavengers to these free radicals.
When the
availability’ of antioxidants and free radical scavengers become limited
in the body, damage can be cumulative and debilitating. Various free
radicals are controlled or neutralized by different groups ofantioxidants.
Material and Methods: In this prospective study, 25 proven cases of
hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism each were chosen forevaluation of
Total Antioxidant Status. 25 healthy subjects with normal thyroid
function were chosen as controls.
Results: The total antioxidant capacity was found to be significantly
decreased (<0.01) in patients with thyroid dysfunction in comparison to
healthy subjects.
Conclusion: The decrease in total antioxidant status suggests that an
adequate intake of antioxidant or modulation of free radical generation
can lead to protection from free radical damage of the thyroid gland.
P-202
THE TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN TYPE II DIABETIC
PATIENTS
Jaya Kumari, Anitha D. Arokyasami, Jacintha, Laly, Kamnani,
Abraham, Janet, Anitha and Sr. Lourd Mary
P-203
OXIDATIVE STRESS, PROTEIN GLYCATION AND
DYSLIPIDEMIAINESSENTIALHYPERTENSION
Nandcesha H, V Sathiyapriya, Zachariah Bobby, S.K Sen, Pavithran P*
Department of Biochemistry and * Physiology
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and
Research,Pondicherry,India
Background: Essential Hypertension is a multifactorial disease.
Genetic factors and environmental factors have been implicated as
etiological factors. Coronary Heart disease is the most common
complication of essential hypertension. However, the factors, which lead
to this complication, are unknown. Based on this background the present
study evaluates Oxidative stress, Protein glycation and plasma lipid
levels in patients with Essential Hypertension.
Materials and Methods: 10 Hypertensive cases (B.P > 140/90), 17
prehypertensive cases (B.P 120-139 I 80-89) and 13 controls (B.P <
120/80) were included in the study. Reduced glutathione, glutathione
peroxidase, glutathione transferase and catalase were estimated in
erythrocytes by using standard protocol. Plasma lipid levels were
estimated by enzymatic methods. Plasma CRP, APO-B, Direct LDL,
Fructosaminc and whole blood Glycated Hemoglobin were estimated by
kit methods.
Results: Reduced glutathione (p < 0.005), glutathione transferase
(p < 0.005) catalase (p < 0.05) and HDL-Cholcstcrol (p < 0.05) were
significantly decreased in prehypertensive and hypertensive cases
compared to controls. Glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05), glycated
hemoglobin (p < 0.001), fructosaminc (p < 0.05) and triglycerides
(p < 0.05) were significantly increased in prehypertensive and
hypertensive cases compared to controls. There was no significant
difference in CRP, APO-B, direct LDL and total cholesterol levels
between cases and controls.
Conclusion: Based on the results the present study concludes that
oxidative stress, Protein glycation and Dyslipidemia arc the risk factors
leading to complications of essential hypertension.
Dept, of Clinical Biochemistry, St. John's Medical College Hospital,
Bangalore 34.
Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine disorders
characterized by the development of micro and macrovascular
complications. Good glycaemic control has been found to delay or
prevent the development of such complications. Oxidative stress is
suggested as one of the mechanisms underlying Diabetes Mellitus. The
aim of our study was to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in
the type II diabetic patients and its relation to glycaemic control.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 50 subjects with type
Il uncontrolled diabetes mellitus were evaluated for total antioxidant
capacity, fasting Blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin. 50 subjects with
type II controlled diabetes mellitus were chosen as the control group.
Results: Compared with the controlsTAC was significantly decreased in
uncontrolled diabetics (p< 0.01).
Conclusion: The present study suggests that measurement ofTAC may
have a role in the evaluation of glycaemic control and development of
diabetic complication in type II diabetes. Improving the antioxidant
status thus may have a protective role in type II diabetes.
P-204
EVALUATION OFSERUM MARKERS IN ALCOHOLICS
D.Sanjecv, M.Nandini,
Dcpt.of Biochemistry,Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore - 575 001
Introduction: Liver disease due to alcoholism is a common medical
problem associated with mortality and morbidity. The objective of the
present study was to correlate the parameters routinely ascsscd for
diagnosis of liver disease with the marker enzyme Gama glutamyl
transferase (GGT) and find out the best combination that would be useful
in detecting liver injury in alcoholics.
Methods: 25 alcoholic subjects, consuming alcohol regularly, since five
years were chosen for the study. 25 subjects who were non alcoholics
and non smokers and without any debilitating disease served as the
controls. Serum was analysed for GGT, ALT, ceruloplasmin, albumin
and uric acid by standard methods.
Results: A significant increase in the scrum levels of GGT (p=.002),
ALT (p=.O22), ceruloplasmin (p=.000) and decrease in the uric acid (
p=0.00) were observed in alcoholics. Serum albumin levels remained
unaltered. Correlation of GGT showed a positive association with ALT
and uric acid and negative association with cercloplasmin in the
alcoholics. Correlation ofALT with cercloplasmin was also negative.
Conclusions: Measurement of ceruloplasmin, an important plasma
antioxidant and uric acid along with GGT or ALT would be ideal in
identifying habitual alcoholics. Diagnostic and treatment measures
taken al an early stage may help prevent the progress to liver cirrhosis.
DICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INfc
P-205
P-207
REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR SERUM APOLIPOPROTEINS
A-I, A-II, B. C-II, C-111, E IN IIEALTH Y INDIAN
COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDY OF WATER- AND LIPIDSOLUBLE fpee radical initiators in rat
ERYTHROCYTES
Vani, R, Shiv Shankar, R, Asha Devi, S.
Lab. Gerontology, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University,
Bangalore-560 056, India.
Introduction: The survival of aerobic organisms in an oxygen
environment involves a complicated interplay between the biological
generation of very reactive chemical species called free radicals and the
ability of organism to control these substances.
Methodology: The study was designed to investigate the effects of free
radical-inducers, water-soluble 2, 2'
azobis (amidinopropanc)
dihydrochloridc [AAPHj and lipid-soluble 2, 2'
azobis (2,4dimcthylvalcronitrile) [ADVN] on erythrocyte and its membrane. The
samples were incubated al concentrations of 10 mM and 50 mM.
Oxidative stress (OS) indices- hemolysis, malondialdehyde (MDA),
lipofuscin (LF), protein carbonyls and osmotic fragility were analyzed.
ARaizada1. H.V.Singh \ N.Singh ’, ,S.Bhandari', N.Trchan'
Depl. of Biochemistry & Cardiology, Escorts Heart Institute & Research
Center,New Delhi
Dept of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical & Dental College &
Hospitals,Ghaziabad
1 Department of Biochemistry, GR.Medical College, Gwalior
Introduction. Study of lipoproteins & apolipoproteins in ethnic Indians
vis a vis other ethnic groups have been a matter of study for long. In the
present study however, it is an attempt to study the same in Indian
population. There arc number of methods of estimation of serum
apolipoproteins, out of which currently immunoturbidimetric assay
method is found to be more adaptable for routine automated laboratory
estimation & is adapted for the present study also. 82 healthy individuals
were selected after screening them for normal lipid profile, x-ray chest,
TMT, ECG and for diabetes. The age & sex difference, effect of drinking
& smoking on al 1 the parameters were studied.
Observation & Results: The mean serum value for apo A-I was 111.61 ±
19.06 mg/dl, apoA-II was 27.12 ± 4.33 mg/dl, apoB was 82.55 ±
16.47 mg/dl, apoC-II was 2.82 ± 2.07 mg/dl, apoC-HI was 6.90 ±2.18
mg/dl, apoE was 2.97 ± 0.92 mg/dl and lp(a) was 16.91 ± 10.91 mg/dl.
Effect of smoking & drinking was found to be non-significant. A twotailed Pearson correlation coefficient & lest of significance was worked
out.
Conclusion: The reference intervals of apolipoproteins & lipoproteins
determined in this interim analysis which is a part of more expanded
study undertaken. The values and results were compared with those of
other workers. There was age & sex difference m most of the scrum
apolipoproteins & lipoproteins levels.
The establishment of reference interval for apolipoproteins using
commercially available reagent kit for automated analyzers will help in a
long way in assessing coronary heart disease particularly with
hyperlipidemia.
Key words: Apolipoproteins; Immunoturbidimetric assay; Treadmill test
(TMT); Lp(a).
Results: 50 mM concentration of AAPH and ADVN caused greater OS
to the cells when compared to 10 mM concentration. Hemolysis
increased significantly in 50 mM concentration of both AAPH (p < 0.02)
and ADVN (p < 0.005 ). Whole cells showed significant increase in
MDA in response to both concentrations of 10 and 50 mM of AAPH (p <
0.002, p < 0.001) and ADVN (p < 0.001, p < 0.005), while membrane
MDA and LF increased significantly only at 50 mM AAPH (p <0.01)
and ADVN (p < 0.05). Protein carbonyls significantly increased in the
erythrocyte membrane al both concentrations of AAPH and ADVN (p <
0.01). Cells were more fragile osmotically at 50 mM AAPH and at 10 and
50 mM ADVN.
Conclusion: Hemolysis and membrane fluidity are greatly affected by
ADVN than AAPH. ADVN, a lipid-soluble free radical-inducer causes
more damage to the erythrocyte membrane than AAPH, a water-soluble
compound.
P-208
PLASMA CERULOPLASMIN LEVELS IN PREGNANCY WITH
PRE-ECLAM PSI A
P-206
GLUCOSE CATALYSED OXIDATION OF AMINO ACIDS
IMPLICATIONS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Priscilla Jaichanderl. Elizabeth A. Frank 1,2 and Cletus J.M.D'Souza 1
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 06 and
2Biochem Laboratories,MBM LeharComplex, Mysore 21.
Glucose catalysed protein modification is attributed to the onset of
diabetic complications.
Formation of Amadori product and its
rearrangement to give Advanced Glycation End products is well
characterized.
In addition to lysine and aminogroup modification amino acids like
tyrosine can undergo oxidative dimerization forming dilyrosine. We
have shown the formation of dityrosine in vitro catalysed by glucose.
The dityrosinc was isolated by thin layer chromatography and
characterized by its fluorescence properties. The presence of dityrosine
was also confirmed by ESI-Mass spectrometry.
ApoAl was isolated from oxidatively modified HDL. It showed a
molecular mass twice that of Apo A1 by SDS PAGE and M ALDI TOF.
Our results suggest that dityrosine formation may be a possible
mechanesim ofoxidative modification ofserum lipoproteins.
Sukanya Shctty and Vivian D'Souza
Department of Biochemistry, KSHEMA,
Department of Biochemistry, KMC, Mangalore.
Mangalore.
Introduction : Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder
complicating 5 to 7% of pregnancies and characterized by elevated blood
pressure, proteinuria, edema and activation of haemostatic system. The
cause of prc-cclampsia is unknown although several factors have been
shown to contribute. Prc-cclampsia is more common in women during
their first pregnancy, who have diabetes, gestational hypertension. In the
present study plasma ceruloplasmin levels have been evaluated in
pregnancy with prc-cclampsia and compared with normal pregnancy.
Methods : 15 normal subjects, 15 pregnant women and 15 pre
eclamptic patients were selected for the study. The blood samples were
analyzed for plasma ceruloplasmin by ortho - Dianisidinc method.
Results :
Plasma ceruloplasmin level in pregnant women was
significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the normal subjects. A highly
significant increase (P < 0.05) is also found in pregnancy with pre
eclampsia when compared to normal pregnancy.
Conclusion : Ceruloplasmin is an acute phase protein in normal
prcgnancy.lt is said to have oxidase activity towards polyaminc and
polyphenol substrates and also acts as a copper donor for monoamine
oxidase and diamine oxidase enzymes. Because of antioxidant property
of ceruloplasmin, which prevents peroxidation and free radical
formation, increased ceruloplasmin level is found in pregnancy with pre
eclampsia
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INdl-
INDEX ORAL
Sharma G. J.
Abbas Ali Mahdi
Abhay Kumar
Adhikari S.
Agarwal N.
Ahuja KDK
Anand C.V.
APL Sponsored Speaker
Aroor AR
Asha Devi S.
Bagchi D.
Balasubramanian K.A.
Baohi Zhao
Bapat MM
Barros M.P.
Basu S.
Bhattacharjee J.
Bhattacharya R.K.
Biswas S K
Brijesh Rathore
Chainy G.B.N.
Chancerelle Y.
Chandan K. Sen
Chaubcy R.C.
Dandekar S. P
Das KK
Desai K.
Devasagayam T.P.A.
Dipak K Das
Epe B.
Farhath Klianum
Flora S.J.S
Ganapathy B.
Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
Goswami K.
Govindarajan. R.
Govindasamy Ilangovan
Haegeman G.
Hari Mohan
Hettiarachchy Navam
Hideyuki J. Majimal
IL - 80
IL - 47
IL - 37
IL - 15
IL - 22
IL - 45
IL - 38
IL - 10
IL - 55
IL - 39
P - 49
L - 13
PL - 4
IL - 23
IL - 40
IL - 6
IL - 25
IL - 41
OL - 26
OL - 15
IL - 81
IL - 59
PL - 8
IL - 50
IL - 64
OL - 12
OL - 18
IL - 56
PL - 2
IL - 1
IL - 84
IL - 27
IL - 14
IL - 75
IL - 42
OL - 33
OL - 25
IL - 18
IL : 69
IL - 43
IL - 2
Hunt N.
Ilavazhagan
Indu P. Kaur
Irfan Rahman
Janardhanan K.K.
Jawali N.
BM Hegde
Jayadeep A.
Kakkar P.
Kalanithi Nesaretnam
Kalyanaraman B.
Kanthimathi M.S.
Kaushik P.
Keshav Singh
Kuppusamy P.
Kuppusamy U.R.
Kyung-Sun Kang
Lele R.D.
Lindsay Brown
M.N.A.Rao
Madhu Dikshit
Malini Krishna
Mathangi D. C.
Mishra K. P.
Moinuddin
Mugesh G.
Mukherjee T.
Nadiger H.A.
Nageswari K.
Nagini S.
Nagraj G. Hui Igo 1
NairC.K.K.
Nilanjana Maulik
Padma P.R.
Palep HS
Panda B. B.
Pandey
Pandit M.K.
PARI L.
Parvez S.
Patel V.H.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXiiiMH u. ■
PL IL IL IL IL IL -
6
24
58
3
29
51
IL - 30
IL - 82
IL - 44
PL - 7
IL - 31
OL - 23
IL - 32
IL - 70
IL - 46
IL - 52
PL - 9
IL - 7
IL - 72
IL - 71
IL - 65
IL - 20
IL - 53
OL - 1
IL - 54
PL - 3
IL - 21
OL - 10
IL - 33
IL - 60
IL - 61
IL - 8
IL - 77
IL - 49
IL - 4
IL - 78
IL - 76
OL - 27
IL - 57
OL - 29
INDEX ORAL
IL Prem Pais
OL
Pugalendi K.V.
IL Raj K Singh
IL Ram Vatnani
IL Ramaiah D.
Ramasarma T.
PL Rani P.
OL Raste A.S.
IL IL Ray U
Reddanna
OL Rosin M. Molloy
IL Sainis KB
PL Samarth R. M.
OL Sandip Kumar Bandyopadhyay IL OL Sayanti Bhattacharya
Senthil Murugan T,
OL Shahabuddin
IL Shambhu Verma
IL Shelgaonkar M.
OL Shinde S.
OL Singh H.V.
OL Singh N.
IL Souza B.D.
OL Sreenivasulu N. Pattipati
OL Srivastava S.
OL Srivastava K.K.
IL Subbaraju GV
IL Subir Kumar Das
OL Sudha. K
OL Sudhakaran P.R.
IL Sukanya Shetty
OL Suvro Chatteijee
IL Tilak J.C.
OL Tilman Grune
PL Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Tranum Kaur
IL Tuli Biswas
IL Usha Anand
OL V. K. Kutala
OL Venugopal P. Menon,
IL Vijaya Haldankar
IL -
9
19
17
83
5
1
31
13
68
28
LS
10
24
63
8
LS
34
28
17
2
Vijayalakshmi B.
Vinayaga Moorlhi
Vishwanatha Jamboor K.
WolfG.
OL - 21
OL - 5
IL - 19
PL - 11
30
36
15
22
4
26
79
9
11
73
20
67
3
5
35
35
6
32
18
12
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION W
INDEX POSTERS
Abhijeet P. Kulkami
Akila
Amar dev
Amamath Satheesh M.
Ambika Sharma
Amit Kumar
Anasuya MR
Anita Yadav
Anitha D
Anu Chandra
Anup Ramachandran
Arathi G.
Arun Mangla
Ashish Dhir
Ashok Kumar
Ashok Kumar N.
Bagewadikar R. S.
Balasubashini T.
Bansal PK.
Bardapurkar J.
Bhakuni. P
Bhattacharjee J.
Channabasavaraj K. P.
Charitha L.
Chaudhuri J.
Cletus J.M.D'Souza
Dakshayani
Das S.
Dayanand Reddy G.
Dechen Chodon
Dhonde S.P.
Dwivedi V K.
Elayaraja A.
Farah Mansoor
Fozia Khan
Gaganjit Kaur
Gangabhagirathi R.
Garg S.
Gargi Sen
Geetha P.A.
Girish S.
Gora Dadheech
Govindarajan R.
Govindarajan.S
Handa S.K.
Harishekar. M.B
P- 109
P- 107
P- 28
P- 18
P- 126
P- 189
P- 194
P- 170
P- 201
P- 19
P- 30
P- 65
P- 176
P- 55
P-47
P- 29
P- 122
P- 190
P- 56
P- 90
P- 5
P- 66
P- 188
P- 127
P- 155
P- 206
P- 168
P- 7
P- 191
P- 120
P- 156
P- 8
P- 132
P- 1
P-79
P- 128
P- 129
P- 80
P- 81
P- 164
P- 82
P-57
P- 20
P- 130
P- 58
P- 195
Herman Sunil D'souza
Hilda Priya D'Souza
Jacob M.
Jagtap P.E.
Jaimala
Jain A.
Jain A.
Jamuna C.G.
Jaya Kumari
Jayachitra
Jayapraksh Babu N.
Jolitha, A.B
Kaiser Jamil
Kalaivanam K.N.
Kalaivani K.
Kalpana. C. K.
Kamalakkannan N.
Kamat J. P.
Kar M .
Kasliwal A.
Kaur M.
Kaviarasan K.
Khushtar Anwar Salman
Kishore Babu
KK Das
Kumar E. P.
Kutala V. K.
Lakshmi Prasad
Lekshmi G. S.
Levy S.
Madhavan Nair K.
Mahadeva SK
Mahal H.S.
Mallikarjun Rao K. V. N.
Malhtrwar V. R.
Manivasagam T.
Manju V.
Mathangi D.C.
Maurya DK
Meena P. D.
Meenakshi Panwar
Meenakshi S. R.
Mehboob Ali
Mukesh Kumar Sharma S.
Mukhopadhyay S.
Mukhopadhyay S.
P-91
P- 131
P- 154
P- 157
P- 110
P- 165
P- 167
P- 185
P- 202
P- 184
P- 67
P- 59
P- 199
P-21
P- 181
P- 100
P- 101
P- 133
P- 24
P- 22
P- 158
P- 6
P- 159
P- 125
P-31
P- 23
P- 9
P- 50
P- 177
P- 173
P- 102
P- 197
P- 92
P-111
P- 32
P- 33
P- 68
P- 60
P- 112
P- 136
P- 171
P-48
P- 179
P- 49
P- 84
P- 134
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION ATM
INDEX POSTERS
Murali.W
Murugavel P.
Naidu M. B. C. R.
Naidu S.
Najmul Islam
Nandeesha I-I
Nandini M.
Narang H.
Natrajan Ramalakshmi
Padala Shanthi Sudha
Padmanabhan M.
Panjamurthy K.
Panneersclvam J.
Patil S.B.
Prabhakar K R
Prabhu K.
Prabu Daniel
Prabu Daniel
Prabu Daniel.E
Prakash S.
Prakash Srinivasan T. S.
Prasad C.V. B.
Prasad D
Prectham Phillips
Priyanjali P. Dixit
Raizada A.
Raja B.
Rajadurai M.
Rajendra Prasad N.
Rajesh Kumar Verma
Rajeshwari. A
Rajni R. Shivnani
Raju llavarasan
Raju llavarasan
Ram Sudhecr A.
Ramarao V.
Ramarao V.
Ramesh B.
Ramprasath V. R.
Rashmi Raghuvanshi
Ravi Joshi
Ravi Kiran P.
Reshma K.
Ritu Saxena
Rohit Bhandari
Roy G
P- 198
P- 34
P- 135
P- 174
P- 85
P- 203
P- 204
P- 123
P- 124
P- 137
P- 10
P- 99
P- 11
P- 96
P- 138
P- 69
P- 35
P- 36
P- 62
P- 193
P- 139
P- 86
P- 113
P- 200
P- 140
P- 205
P- 12
P- 13
P-114
P- 115
P- 141
P- 14
P- 142
P- 143
P- 103
P- 43
P- 144
P- 25
P- 145
P- 15
P- 93
P- 146
P- 70
P-26
P- 175
P- 160
Rukhsana A.R.
Rukkumani R.
Saba Khan
Safia I-labib
Sahoo D.K.
Salvi V.
Saraswathi U.
Saravanan R.
Sarika Singh
Sarkar A.
Sathish kumar N.
Satish Balasaheb Nimsc
Saurabh Chatterjee
Saurabh Gupta
Save V.
Schgal N.
Sen S.
Sengottuvelan M.
Senthil N.
Shagufta Moin
Shaheena K.
Shaival Kamalaksha Rao
Shalini Shukla
Shanmuganathan.K
Shanna D.
Shanna M.
Sharma N.
Shanna R.
Shanna S.
Shclgaonkar M.
Shukla R.
Sindu P.C.
Singh S.
Sivalokanathan S.
Soni A. K., Swamy. M..
Sood. R..
Sreelatha S.
Srinivas L.
Srinivasan M.
Srivastava, S
Subba Reddy D.
Subhash Chandrappa
Sudhahar V.
Sudharsan P. T.
Sugapriya D.
Sukanya Shetty
P- 147
P- 37
P- 161
P- 88
P- 187
P- 94
P- 180
P- 51
P- 63
P- 162
P- 38
P- 108
P- 119
P- 148
P- 16
P- 64
P- 52
P- 72
P- 73
P- 163
P- 39
P- 76
P- 74
P-40
P- 121
P- 116
P- 75
P- 117
P- 97
P- 83
P-45
P- 98
P- 89
P- 71
P- 169
P- 106
P- 182
P-3
P-41
P- 149.
P- 118
P- 166
P- 42
P- 104
P- 77
P- 208
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
INDEX POSTERS
Sumathi S.
Sunil D. Kulkami
Suraiya Jabeen
Suresh Varma P.
Tajdar Husain Khan
Tamanna Jahangir
Tamilarasan K.P.
There A.
Thomas S.S.
Tiyyagura Koti Reddy
Tripathya M. K.
Upadhya S.
Usha P. R.
V. Padi S. S .
Vani R.
Vanitha G
Veena K.
Venkatraghavan S.
Vetrivel S.
Vidya M.
Vijayakumar M.
Wanjari M.
Yadav A. S.
Ziyaurrehman
P- 183
P- 150
P-4
P- 105
P-44
P-53
P- 178
P- 27
P- 192
P- 151
P- 152
P- 54
P- 87
P- 61
P-207
P- 196
P- 78
P- 153
P-2
P- 186
P- 172
P- 46
P- 17
P- 95
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
rp/K APL RESEARCH CENTRE
p-*-|L/ (A division of Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.)
Regd. Office:
Plot No. 2, Maitrivihar, Ameerpet,
Hyderabad - 500 038. INDIA
Phone No.: + 91-40-55725000,
Fax : + 91-40-23746833, 23741080
E-mail: info@aurobindo.com
Web site : www.aurobindo.com
Works :
Survey No. 313,
Bachupally Village,
Quthubullapur Mandal.
R. R. Dist,
Phone :+91-40-23040261
Fax : 91-40-32042932
AUROBINDO PHARMA LTD
Corporate Profile
Aurobindo Pharma Ltd (APL) India is a vertically integrated global Pharmaceuticals
company based at Hyderabad, India. APL is the largest Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredient(API) company among top 5 Phrma companies from India with an annual sales
turnover of more than USD 308 million and with Export over USD 147 minion to over 100
countries for the year ended 2003-2004.
Aurobindo Pharma is among the top in Cephalosporins and Semi Synthetic Penicillins and
Anti- HIV Drugs globally.
Aurobindo Pharma is equipped with modern and mega facilities, for the manufacturing of
API's and formulations. With the cost efficient mega manufacturing infrastructure of 4
Formulation and 10 API manufacturing location that are USFDA and E.U. complaint,
Aurobindo Pharma Ltd has successfully broadened the operations base to more than 100
countries, to cater to the global clientele. APL has warehouses in various strategic
locations like in Hongkong, USA, Moscow, Montevideo.
Aurobindo Pharma's facilities have been inspected and approved by various regulatory
agencies like MHRA of UK, MCC of South Africa, ANVISA of Brazil to name a few.
APL is equipped with world class Research and Development(R&D) centre and a Bio
Equivalence centre with more than 500 scientists, developing a broad portfolio of products
in the area of Non- Infringing Process, filing patent and supporting DMFs/ANDA's for US
and E.U. Markets.
Aurobindo is a ISO certified company and is also a receipt of several awards as the best
API company. Aurobindo is rated among the top 20 candidates from India across all
sectors to emerge as a Global Champion.
DEPARTMENT OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
CARE HOSPITAL
THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
BANJARA HILLS,
HYDERABAD
A. CARE GROUP OF HOSPITALS :
“CARE” was bom in 1997 with a motto “Practicing medicine as it should be”. Within a span of 7
years CARE has grown to 1,000 beds and emerged as leading name in health care.
BRIEF MILE STONES OF CARE HOSPITAL:
• The Heart Institute of CARE Hospital was established in 1997 with 200 beds.
• 50 bedded cardiac centre was established in Sec-bad in 1998.
• Heart Institute at Vishakhapatnam with 100 beds was set up in 1999.
• CARE Foundation received Defence Technology Spin-off award from the Prime Minister in
1999.
• Institute of Neurosciences was set up in Hyderabad in 2000.
• Institute of Medical Sciences with Multi Specialty Services with 350 beds at Banjara Hills at
Hyderabad was set up in 2000.
• Dr.B.Soma Raju and Dr.D.Prasada Rao founders of CARE were awarded Padmashri in 2001.
• Bharath Ratna Dr.A.P J.Abdul Kalam joined the board in 2001.
• India's first V-SAT based Public-Private Telemedicine System was launched by the then Chief
Minister of A.P. in 2001.
• Telemedicine network was extended to Orissa and to Tripura in 2002.
• Mr. Sachin Tendulkar, associated with CARE group as Chief Patron in 2003.
• Robotic Surgery was introduced for the first time in India outside New Delhi in 2004.
B. DEPARTMENT OF LABORATORY MEDICINE :
The department has six divisions namely Biochemistry, Haematology, Clinical Pathology,
Histopathology & Cytology, Microbiology and Blood Bank. The department does about 1000 tests
per day both for In-patients and Out-patients.
FACILITIES AVAILABLE:
a.
b.
c.
BIOCHEMISTRY:
(i) EQUIPMENTS:
* CX9 Clinical chemistry Auto analyzer (Beckman)
* Blood gas analyzer (Nova)
* Chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzers
* Electrolyte analyzer (Nova)
1. Elycsys (Roche) 2. Access (Beckman)
* Semi autoanalyser (PLD)
* Beckman Electrophoresis unit and Densitometer
* Nephelometer (Dade Behring)
* Coagulometcrs (Slago/Pacific Hacmostasis/Transasia)
* Turbitimcr (Dade Behring)
* ELISA equipment (Ark Diagnostics)
(ii) TESTS AVAILABLE:
* All routine clinical biochemistry including blood gas and electrolyte analysis.
* Coagulation studies including factor assays and thrombophilia work up.
* Protein Elctrophorcsis in all fluids and Tmmunofixation Electrophoresis.
* All Immuno assays covering hormones, tumor markers and vitamins.
* Pro BNP, GFR by MDRD and some drug assays.
HISTOPATHOLOGY:
* Provided with state of art equipment for histopathology and cytopathology with Cytospin.
* Immunoflourescencc techniques available.
* Immunohistochemistry
HAEMATOLOGY & CLINIC,AL PATHOLOGY :
* Cell counters are available (Beckman, Sysmax, Roche)
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
EHRLICH LABORATORY PVT LTD
INTRODUCTION
Ehrlich Laboratory was started in 1938 and was a pioneer in the diagnostics
arena. Nearly 70 years later, it is still renowned for its quality and its expertise,
catering to generations of patients, organizations and research institutions.
Ehrlich Lab takes its promise of quality very seriously, and is consistently
accredited by independent organizations. It was the first Laboratory in South
India to obtain ISO certification by DNV- Netherlands, and one of the first to
obtain International Accreditation from ILAC and APLAC. We were visited by a
Brazilian Pharmaceutical Company recently. In addition, Ehrlich is now in the
process of applying for CAP accreditation
[FIRST PRIVATE MEDICAL LABORATORY IN THE CITY TO GET INDIAN GOVERNMENTS APPROVAL ]
Ehrlich’s Gold Standard/Quality policy is “Ehrlich is committed to offer contemporary medical
diagnostic service, investigative and preventive. Every member of the team will strive to achieve
“Excellence in Reliability”. Amongst other quality programs, Ehrlich has the External Quality
Assurance System (EQAS) with Biorad, US /RIQAS/Randox-U K .
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
KAMINENI HOSPITALS - HYDERABAD
Kamineni Hospitals at Hyderabad, a 300-bed hospital spread over a sprawling
450,000 sft., over the last decade has grown to be among the country's finest
Super Specialty Healthcare facility with several clinical departments recognized for
post-graduate, DNB courses. The Diagnostic Laboratory being the highlight of this
venture, which has been accredited by the National Accreditation Board of
Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL), is also the key referral laboratory
to many other hospitals, nursing homes and physicians in the city and the state of
Andhra Pradesh.
Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad is one of several institutions
belonging to Kamineni Groups, which includes a 500-bed hospital attached to
medical, dental and nursing colleges, and another corporate hospital.
The Diagnostic Laboratory includes several disciplines viz., Biochemistry,
Microbiology & Serology, Pathology (Clinical Pathology, Heamotology & Cytology)
and Medical Genetics headed by well-qualified and experienced laboratory
medicine professionals.
The Biochemistry laboratory has been provided with
autoanalysers of international standards for performing routine chemistry tests
and immunoturbidimetric tests for special proteins as well as various types of
electrophoresis. Measurement of hormones, tumor makers and cardiac markers
are being carried out by electrochemiluminiscence technique. Drug assays such
as cyclosporine, phenytoin, etc are routinely carried out. The laboratory performs
tests to detect antiganglioside antibodies (IgG, IgM) for GM,, GM2, GM3 GD1a, GD1b
GT,b and GQ,b and other anti neuronal antigens like Hu, Yo and Ri in serum as well
as in CSF. Sepsis and inflammatory markers like procalcitonin, TNF-d , IL-1 & IL-6
are also done.
The Microbiology & Serology laboratory carries out culture and sensitivity tests
and wide range of serological markers of viral infections like Hepatitis B, Hepatitis
C, HIV and Dengue.
TORCH panel, Brucella, Syphilis, Leptospira and
Tuberculosis serology are routinely carried out. PCR techniques are employed for
the detection of tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, cytomegalo virus and H LA-
827 marker. The laboratory also conducts investigations for autoimmune diseases
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
which are some times induced by drug reaction.
Further to routine investigations, the
Pathology laboratory carries out immunofloscence technique for renal and skin biopsies.
Frozen section studies and squash preparations are done for rapid interpretation. Routine
histopathology and immunohistochemistry techniques are available. Bone marrow aspiration
and bone marrow biopsy are being done. The Genetics laboratory performs Karyotyping,
cytogenetic analysis for patients with mental retardation, cancer, bad obstetrics history,
primary and secondary sterility. Molecular mutation and mitochondrial gene mutation are being
analysed using PCR in patients with ambiguous genitalia, neurodegenerative disorders, MR (fragile X
syndrome), cardiomyopathies and endocrinal abnormalities. The laboratory is engaged in research
projects to understand the role of nuclear/mitochondriai gene mutations and polymorphisms in the
aetiology of a number of diseases pertaining to neurology, cardiology, nephrology and endocrinology.
o
At present the following clinical studies are undertaken by various departments of Kamineni
o
Diagnostic Laboratory with national / international collaboration:
•
Sustained Release Ciprofloxacin in urinary infections
•
Renal involvement in fluorosis patients
o
Clinical study of Erythropoietin in kidney disease
o
Newer molecules for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
•
Extended Release Clarythromicin in infections
•
Action of Ofloxacin long acting preparation
•
Platelet derive growth factor in healing diabetic ulcers of lower limb
•
Corticosteriod in head injuries
•
Cefaperazone Sulbactam in abnominal infection
•
Thiocolchicide in Acute Low Back Pain
Kamineni Hospitals has been empanelled by over 140 large institutions including the Central
Government Health Services, State Government and the Defence forces. The hospital also caters to a
large segment of medical insurance companies in the country. The hospital in association with
Ministry of Tourism, Government of Andhra Pradesh, provides treatment facilities to patients from
various countries under the Medical Tourism Program.
The Diagnostic Laboratory services at
Kamineni Hospitals focuses on keeping up with the technological advances in basic and applied
research in order to provide the latest state-of-the-art services for better patient care.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DES
NPIL & DR.PHADKE'S PATHOLOGY LABORATORY :
Modern medicine relies on the combined medical and scientific skills of the pathology
laboratory to assist in the investigation
and
management of a patient's illness.
At the heart of pathology is the care of the patient. The pathology laboratory must produce
accurate and reliable results quickly in response to their colleagues' requests. The modern
pathology laboratory is a complex operation that relies on the skills and teamwork of many
people to ensure that each patient and doctor receives the best service possible.
The pathologists, with their blend of medical training and specialist training in the science and
discipline of pathology supervise the laboratory investigations as well as consulting with the
patient's doctor. The modern pathology laboratory also requires the skills of highly trained
professional scientists and technicians, as well as various equally skilled support staff to
ensure that investigations are performed efficiently and accurately.
Any pathology investigation starts with one or more specimens obtained from the patient.
Doctors may collect some specimens, the laboratory can collect others. Pathology
laboratories can examine a wide range of specimens including blood, urine and tissue
specimens.
Once the specimen has arrived in the laboratory, depending on the tests requested, various
expert departments might be involved in the investigation. Some tests are simple and can be
performed rapidly, more complex tests can take days. Some tests can only be performed by
highly specialised laboratories and the specimens may need to be sent interstate or even
internationally to the appropriate laboratory. Once the tests are completed and checked for
accuracy, a report is sent to the patient's doctor
NPIL & Dr.Phadke's Pathology Laboratory & Infertility Centre Pvt.Ltd. prides itself in being at
the forefront of modern medical pathology practice. Every aspect of our investigations is
performed under an umbrella of strict quality control using the most advanced accurate and
reliable equipment. The laboratory is organised into departments that can be called upon to
contribute their specialist skills and knowledge to any investigation.
Our laboratory has the prestigious NABL Accredittion from the Govt.of India.Some of the
parameters in Haematology,Biochemistry,Clinical Pathology and Immunology are accredited.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION! INDIA
3
3
<1. MICROBIOLOGY:
-Automated blood culture system (BacT/Alert (Biomeriux) available for fascilitating
fast reporting of blood cultures.
Routine and special seroloeical work.
A. BLOOD BANK :
3
1
3
5
5
3
'3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
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The Department ol Laboratory Medicine is accredited by National Acreditation Board for Testing &
Calibiation Laboratories (NABL) in the areas of Biochemistry. Histopathology & Cytology, Haematology,
Clinical Pathology and Microbiology.
The Department ol Laboratory Medicine is participating in the following Drug trials in collaboration with
Clinical departments of CARE Hospital._________
s.
Name of Study
National/
Principal Investigator
No
International
1.
FG-463-210 : A Randomised, comparitivc, Double-Blinded
International
Dr.N.Krishna Reddy
study ot Micafungin (FK463) versus Liposomal Amphotericin B
(AMBISOME)
2
A randomized double blind, double dummy parallel group,
International
Dr.N.Krishna Reddy
multinational, clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety
of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in patients with
acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving
fibrinolytic therapy “EXTRACT-T1M1-25” study.
3.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled. Dose
International
Dr.B.K.S.Sastry
Ranging. Parallel Group Study of Oral Sildenafil in the
treatment of Children, Aged 1-16 years, with Pulmonary Arterial
Hypertension.
4.
Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease preterax and Diamicron International
Dr.P.Krishnam Raju
MR controlled Evaluation - ADVANCE study
Dr.Bipin K Sethi
Hyperglycemia and its effects after Acute Myocardial Infarction International
5.
on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type-2 diabetes
(HEART-2D).
International
Dr.Bipin K Sethi
A multi-centre, International. Randomized, 2x2 factorial design
6.
study to evaluate the effects of LANTUS® (Insulin Glarginc)
versus standard care, and of OMEGA-3 fatty' acids versus
placebo, in reducing Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in
high risk people with Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), impaired
Glucose Tolerance (IGT) or early type 2
Diabetes Mcllitus : The origin trial (outcome reduction with
initial Glargine Intervention) ORIGIN study.
International
Dr.Bipin K Sethi
E2E/DRL/03-N1
7.
(Finished study)
Ezetimide : Efficacy and safety in treatment of dyslipidaemia in
an Indian population
QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAMMES:
The department of laboratory medicine is participating in external quality assurance programme.
* Clinical chemistry (Biorad, Randox, Transasia, Christian Medical College (CMC),Vellore,India.
* Immunoassays (Biorad)
* Coagulation (Christian Medical College, Vellore)
* Haematology (Biorad, Randox, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India)
* Microbiology (Christian Medical College, Vellore)
Interlaboratory Proficiency testing programme in Clinical chemistry is being run with a few corporate
hospitals in the city of Hyderabad.
3
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All facilities arc available for grouping, cross matching and donor bleeding.
3
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ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Graphic Point
Central Lab
# 9, Ground Floor Dhodusa Complex
Richmond Circle Junction (Opp. Petrol Bunk)
Bangalore - 560 025 Tel/Fax : 22237370
Mobile : 98440 37371 Pager: 9624 510944
e-mail centralab@redifffmail.com
A Brief Note on Central Lab
We are a premier specialty lab operating from Richmond Circle, Bangalore. We
introduced the concept of testing and reporting of higher chemistry parameters on day-to-
day basis in the city. Today, we are positioned as a quality conscious reliable team of
professionals for high-end lab investigations. Medical centers ofdifferent specialties in and
around Bangalore refer samples of body fluids to our lab for testing. We enjoy goodwill and
reference from a good number of super-special ists.
In our quest for quality, we have subscribed forNABL Accreditation a Board under
Central Government of India for accreditation of laboratories. It follows global standards
i.e.
ISO IEC 17025 guidelines for its programs. We have already completed final
assessment and are awaiting recommendation for certification. In addition, we are also
participating in external QC Programs run by Biorad - USA, AIMS Delhi, CMC Vellore.
We have provided support directly to a few globally positioned pharma companies
in their research projects and worked with a number of pharma companies through a
reputed CRO in Bangalore continuously for over a year. In the absence of other modalities
of diagnosis such as Radiology & Imaging, Cardiology, Neurology etc, we give all our time
and attention to different dimensions of laboratory services. Our customers experience fine
assistance because of th is.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DES1
~ ‘M/itfi best complimentsfrom
cj
PR. P ALEP’S medical research foundation
Makers of
1.
SUJAT (Cap) : IDEAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR PREGNANCY
AND LACTATION
2.
TORCHNIL (Cap) : FOR RECURRENT REPRODUCTIVE LOSSES DUE
TO TORCH INFECTIONS & ANTI-PHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME.
3.
REJUSPERMIN (Cap): KEY TO THE CHALLENGES OF MANHOOD.
4.
GYNOCARE (Cap): A BOON TO BLOSSOMING WOMANHOOD.
5.
PENTAPHYTE P-5(Cap./Syp/Oint.):
AGAINST RESISTANT INFECTION.
6.
PNEUMONORM (Cap. I Syp): FOR EASY BREATHING.
7.
PEPHEP (Cap.): PEPS AND PROTECTS THE LIVER.
8.
COLLASYN (Tab.): FOR CARDIO PROTECTION.
9.
DIAPAL (Tab.): TOTAL SOLUTION TO DIABETES, MUCH MORE THAN
SIMPLE GLYCAEMIC CONTROL
10.
ENTEROPAN (Cap/ Syp): UNIQUE CONCEPT IN CORRECTION OF
DIGESTIVE DISORDERS.
11.
ARTHRODOL (Tab.): A MULTI DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO
MANAGEMENT OF PAINFUL MUSCULO SKELETAL & JOINT
DISORDERS.
NATURES
STUNNING
POWER
MANOJ C.H.S, SHANKAR GHANEKAR MARG, PRABHADEVI, MUMBAI- 400025
Tel: +91 22 56541415/2432 6776fax: + 91 22 56541416
e-mail: ashpalep@vsnl.com
www.palepmrf.com
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
Pioneers in Diagnostic Medicare...
♦ First Centre to Offer Comprehensive Diagnostics
under one roof in A.P.
VIJAYA
O 23 years of expertise.
+ Patient Centric approach to offering reliable &
accurate diagnostics.
O Only Centre to have a fully automated lab facility to
eliminate human errors.
♦ Highly qualified personnel & every report is verified
by a qualified doctor.
also offers a
spectrum of
preventive
Screening Packages
♦ Vijaya MASTER
Health Check
♦ Vijaya CARDIAC
O Approved by numerous, Govt. & Private Organisations
such as CGHS, Indian Airlines, DRDO, HAL, DRDL,
BDL, SBI, SBH, L&T, DRL, TCS, WIDIA etc.
Health Check
♦ Vijaya DIABETIC
+ ISO 9001:2000 Certified & NABL-ISO 17025 Accredited
Laboratory.
Health Check
Health Checks : Remember prevention is the best
cure. Periodic check ups combined with a healthy life
style can prevent most diseases.
❖ Vijaya WOMEN'S
Good Health Check
For more information contact:
Vijaya Diagnostic Ceotm
VIJAYA
3-6-20, Tlrumala Apartments, Skyline Theatre Lane,
Himayathnagar, Hyderabad - 29.
Tel : 23220022 / 23220033 / 23220077
BRANCHES : • AMEERPET-23730015 • SECUNDERABAD - 27712306 • DILSUKHNAGAR - 24042454
■ SANTOSHNAGAR - 24534622 • CHARMINAR-24511881 • IIABSIGUDA-27156555 • AS RAO NAGAR - 27136314
• FILM NAGAR-23541074
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
XK
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ANAND
DIAGNOSTIC
LABORATORY
(Anand Institute of Laboratory Medicine)
Timings: 8 AM to 5 PM. Monday to Saturday
Client facility:
No. 512, 4th ‘A’ Cross, 15th Main, 3rd Block, Koramangala
Bangalore-560034 Tel: 51102058
NABL accredited
No. 11, Blue Cross Chambers. Infantry Road Cross. BANGALORE 560001.
Ph.25591947, 25599895, Telefax 5591925. Email: info&anandlab.com
Website:www.anandlab.com
About us..
Anand Diagnostic Laboratoty (Anand Institute of Laboratory Medicine) came into existence in the year 1974 with the
primary intention ofproviding quality service in the field oflaboratory medicine. Over theyears it has grown to provide wideranging laboratory investigations with state of the art equipment under the expertise ofsenior and qualified Pathologists. It
has pioneered the use ofmany investigations with the distinction ofbeingfirst in the state ofKarnatakafor many ofthem.
The laboratory also has additional facility for X-ray, ultrasound scan, Doppler, ECHO cardiogram, Tread Mill test and
Pulmonary Function Test.
Qualified Medical Personnel.
The laboratory is owned and run by three qualified Pathologists - Dr.A. V.Ramaprasad. MD, Dr.N.Jayaram. MD, and
Dr.Sujay Prasad. MD, DNB. In addition, two pathologists, a radiologist and a physician are on the panel of
consultants.
Laboratory.
The laboratory is situated in the heart of the city ofBangalore, located in the central Shivajitiagar area, off Infantry
road, at Blue Cross Chambers. The total floor area is about 7000 sft including a separate spacious waiting area, which
can seat at least fifty persons at any given moment of time. Technical procedures and various related equipment are
housed in separate areas of the laboratory located adjacent to the waiting area. The registration counters are designed in
such a way that waiting time is minimal.
StaffPattern.
The laboratory has been functionally divided into the following departments: Clinical pathology, Clinical biochemistry,
Histopathology and Cytology, Microbiology and Serology, and Hematology. A minimum of three qualified and
experienced technicians man each section of the laboratory.
Quality control and assurance programme :
In any given set up, errors can occur at three stages namely pre-analytical (sample collection and identification),
analytical (sample testing) and post analytical (printing / transcription and proper dispatch of report). Though it must be
admitted that it is not possible for any laboratory to consistently achieve “zero error” status day after day and year after
year, it has been our constant endeavor to minimize these errors. The steps taken to achieve a “minimum error” status are
listed below:
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
aborcitory Information System. The information flow into and from the laboratory is managed by custom-built windows
based software, which operates on a local area network (LAN). All the equipment with provision for RS232 interface are linked to
the laboratory information system, thereby eliminating human transcriptional errors. Retrieval of data is fast and simple.
L
2)
Pre-analytical stage: Patient registration is computerized and each individual is assigned a unique lab identification
number. A bar code label bearing the patient's name and unique patient number identifies the request form as well as the samples. By
this we have minimized errors resulting from wrong labelling ofpatients sample.
3)
Analytical stage: Most of our machines are equipped with facility to read bar codes, hence chances offeeding wrong samples
into the machine is minimized. At the start of each day, as well as at periodic intervals during the day, controls are run to check
whether the machines and reagents are functioning well. All data pertaining to quality control testing is filedfor periodic review.
4)
Post-analytical stage: Most of our machines are interfaced to the LAN and hence reports, which are passed, are directly
downloaded to the patient's database. This has minimized transcriptional errors, which could result from manual entry of report.
^Accreditation status:
Anand Diagnostic Laboratory has been accredited by NABL for Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Pathology,
—-Hematology, Microbiology & Serology, Histopathology & Cytopathology from 15-09-2001 with current validity till 27-10-2007
M (Certificate Nos. T-0348, 0349, 0350, 0351, and 0352).
We have the distinction of being the first clinical diagnostic lab in South India to acquire NABL accreditation.
Major equipment:
7^
7^
7
-~
1.
Bayer Centaur Automated Chemiluminiscence based immunoassay system
2.
VIDAS Fluoroimmunoassay systems
3.
Stratec 300 automated RIA
4.
Chemwell automated ELISA system
5.
Olympus A U-400 automated chemistry analyzer
6.
Konelab 30 automated chemistry analyzer
7.
Cobas mira plus automated chemistry analyzer
8.
REP automated Rapid electrophoresis
9.
SEBIA Hydrasys automated electrophoresis
10.
Ion selective electrolyte analyzers
11.
Pentra 60 and Pentra 60 C+ automated 5 part particle blood cell counters
12.
Semi-automated coagulation analyzer
13.
Automated ESR
14.
API automated microbiology analyzer
15.
Automated tissue processor
16.
Semi-motorized rotary microtome
17.
Paraffin station
18.
Cryostat
Cyt0~centrifu£e
20.
Semi-automated urine analyzer
21.
Semi-automated semen quality analyzer
22.
State of the art Laboratory informatics with hardware.
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
ISO 9001 : 2000 CERTIFIED COMPANY
FIRST INDIAN COMPANY TO LAUNCH
HITA CHI DEDICA TED REA GENTS
LEADERS IN LIPID PROFILE TESTING
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Ccnsistently Pursuing Dir Camitment Fa Quality
Accurex Biomedical Pvt. Ltd.
Tel: 91(022) 56662223
E-mail: accurex@vsnl.com
Website: accurexbiomedical.com
A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
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Name : Mr. Anil Jaswant Thakur
Date of Birth : October 2,1954
Founder & Managing Director of Accurex Biomedical Pvt. Ltd.
After graduating from the University of Mumbai with principal subject as
Chemistry in 1976, he joined Bayer Diagnostics India Ltd. (formerly known as
Miles India Ltd.). His tenure with Bayer was from 1976 through 1984 during
which he held various important posts in the organization. His last designation
was as the Product Manager for all Biochemistry Kits and Reagent Strips for
Urinalysis. The 8 years working provided him rich experience in the field of
Diagnostics.
He founded the company Accurex Biomedical Pvt. Ltd. in 1984 with
manufacturing facilities at the factory located at Tarapur (100 kms. from
Mumbai). It started with a production of small range of 4 biochemistry kits.
Today, the products have expanded to a huge product range and the company is
a leading Indian manufacturer of diagnostic products. Due to his continuous
efforts, today Accurex Biomedical Pvt. Ltd. enjoys a stable growth on a wide
base of expertise in this business in Indian and overseas market.
Mr. A. J. Thakur always inspired his employees to look forward for developing
new ideas. He always believed in constant research and self up gradation. His
ideas and vision were dynamic. He also participated in many international
seminars and conferences.
Thus, Mr. A. J. Thakur has given his major contribution in the field of
Diagnostics. He will always be remembered as the pioneer of Indian Diagnostic
Company.
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F-1
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2,
12th
(Near
:
Cubbonpet,
Badavara
Balaeha
-
□□2.
Bangalore
P
Cross,
080
56Q
2212
9011
M
:
School),
98452
60727
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A RADICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS - DESTINATION INDIA
J. V
INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE
DESIGN & PRINTED BY: G R. DESIGNS PH.: +91 8022129011
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