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RRFORTS OF VARIOPS EVAIUATICX MEETINGS
CONDUCTED AT VARIOUS
IN THS
2355
YEAR 1989 OF THB COWUNITX BASSO HEALTH AMD DEVELCPHbJJT PROGRAMME MANDYA
The CouHunity baaed health and developnant progranne waa plannod for a
period of five years. The first phase of lt,having throe years,is coning to an
end by Decehber 1989. Before giving shape to the progrannos in the nest phase,
an indepth study,a thorough and critical evaluation of the progrannos already
inplenentod wore thought to be very essential. So a nunbor of nestings were
held at various levels to evaluate the progrannes,to analyse and plan out.
Inorder to foraulate various Methodologies for an indepth study, a
Managing Counittoe Meeting was held in January 1989. For evaluation the
Managing Counitteo decided to have the following nethodology:
(1) 1st stage - village level
(2) 2nd stage-* central level (by the core toan nenbers and aninators of
the respective centres)
(3) 3rd stage - Regional level - by the core teas neabers
(4) 4th stage - Aninators' level (by all the aninators of the centres)
(5) Sth stage - Regional leva! (by the oore teas eenbere)
*
The task of evaluation in the village level has been entrused to the oore tean
and the aninators of all the six cantree. It was also decided to couplets this
prelininaxy study within a nonth and assess the study report by the oore toan
of the respective centres. The analysis and aasesaarant of the report are to bo
held considering the following points i
a) Realistic understanding about the adhlcvonents as against the set objectives
of the prograanos.
b) The inpact created anong people with the inplenentation of the prograanos.
o) Concrete suggestions frcn the people for the- future planning of the
prograanos for the next phase.
As a follow up of the coad.ttoo aeoting,Tillage lerel evaluation meetings
were conducted in January and February 1989. Eighty nine villages were taken
up for conducting evaluation. At the oonpletion of the evaluation at the village
level,the core teen with the aninators conducted a two-day evaluation neeting
JI
...2
I
-2.
CPUS TW HBBTINO CONPUgTgp ON 17, W FEBflUB* 1989
On 17 and 18 of February the General Boty Meeting of th® project was held
at Vinalalaya Guthalu. Itarlng th® aneting consolidated reports were presented
by the centres. The following ar® the content of the reports presentd by
the centres.
Th® achi®v«Mits ©f th® programs a® against th® set obj®otiv®a*
For assessing th® atihiewmants w® had th® following objeetiw®® in our Bind:
- To bring about an attitudinal change in the people in the field of dducation
health.eradication of th® social evils like caste.low status of wonen.
exploitation, bcndad labour in th® society.
- To devalop a cadr® of new leadership in th® villages
> To slower the people through people's organisation and thereby initiate
programs for thair own sal f developaent.
Cur findings i we feel that people great appreciation for our progresses in the
field of health and education. There is a steady Increase in the nunber of
children going to school year by year.especially in the villages where our
prograaaes are being inplanented. The children cosing to the miseries show g
greater interest to continue their study in the primary school. The nursery
school program has be«n integrated with the prlsary school systes that are
already in the village®. Due to the constant interaction with the educational
institution® in the villages.especially by the aniaators. the quality of
education has been considerably iaproved. There is a groat anotmt of collabo
ration with the fornal schools and other institutions in the villages, esperf ly
with regard to conducting health education progranaes. coops and sendnars on
insunisation.sanltation.nutrltious food etc. conducting srmiversarias.physical
training prograaaes etc. Also parents show greater interest to sand their children
to sdiool. The cultural troops organised by the aniaators and the youth in the
villages.through their various cultural prograaaes like street play.dance.drasa
etc,could create greater awareness among the people with regard to education,
health,leadership,social evils etc.
The attitudinal change aawmg woaran is a renarkable achlevenent. In a nunber
of villages wonen have ooaw up to get organised and to take up dcvelopnental
prograaarae by thenselves. Under their initiative various progranaes like adult
education.iauninization.health education etc. are being carried out.
3
•.
There is a steady increase in people's participation in all most all the
programmes. The woman are getting more and more aware of the need for being organised.
At the same timo,it has been observed that,in some villages there are efforts
from the part of men to impede women from getting organised. For oxample,at
Tubinkero, a village under Jyothirvlkasa KalenahaUi,women formed a youth
association but the menfolk did not allow them to carry out any activity from
their part.
The groups,ln their reports also expressed the various problems in developing
a new cadre of leadership in the villages. The eain problaae awntioned are
the following:
- the predoainence of oeste based and traditional leadership
- political groupings
- lack of acceptance of the youth by the alders
- lack of opportunities
At the sane time our efforts were successful in so far as creating awareness
among the youth to develop their leadership qualities to effect changes in
the society. There has been a lot of oonsdentlsatlon in this line but a period
of throe years is inadequate to got such a high result. As far as the caste
distinction exists and consequently the economic disparity, a change in the leader
ship in the villages is hard to bo effected. A continuous and oonscentious efforts
of motivation to the youth is essential to create a naw cadre of leadership
in the villages, the group opined.
The group thee discussed the impact being created asong people through its
presence as well as through the iepleeentation of the various prograaaaes. The
group as a whole feel that they are accepted by the villagers and a feeling of
oneness la being created through the life and activities through the years.
Sone of the Mahers felt that an impression has been rested among the villagers
that we are Conductors of various programmes like mraerloSfnonformal oentrea,a
adult educatdcg etc. So it has been suggested that more conscious efforts are to
be made to give a proper understanding to the people about the ultdamte object
ives of our programme. The need to integrate oneself with the people.ldentifying
oneself with the people,taking up a simple life stylo etc. are, as many
observed,the ideal approach. The style of functioning of the Fathers living
at Shlkkaripura with the nomadic tribes,is a good example of integration,
according to many*
... 4
Suggestions from the people: CM the last day all the six centres presented
the reports of the suggestions which were gathered froa the people during
the village la*el neetings as well as the central level awetings of the core
team with the aninatore. The naln suggestions are the following:
• the prograaeMs as thay are going on now has to bo continued especially, the
education prognaaaes for the ehildran and for the school dropouts.
- the nonforaal classes should be reoriented as vocational training centres
- to have at least one job oriented training coatre undee each centre
to provide advanced training for the selected students fron the villages
- farnars education prograana should ba refornulated into nore proctical and
beneficial to the fetnera
SwEgsstionB froa the cor* Um:
It is true that through the oonscientisatlon and eduoatlcn progra eras
good results are noticeable in the villages. But the econoadc badtwardness
of sone of the villages are to be taken into consideration. This is especially
true with regard to sone villages under Sevasadana Balagur whore aborginale and
tribal people living In sone interior villages. So the need for taking up econoadc
projects has been suggested by sone of the nenbers. The general fooling was
against such prograanes slnoo it will reverse the whole process being followed.
So it was decided not to take up inoono generating scheaos but rather education
should be continued so os to enable to find ways and means for their own self
dwvelopnent. The oaphasis should be for the people to got organised and for
being enpowored. The realisation of this goal nay be slow but it should be
the aetho<,the group reiterated. To facilitate this process,tho group suggested
to have ongoing training for the core tean and the animators especially,
in areas like acquiring organisational skill,deepor knowledgei in the field
of health,sklll ih training the south etc.
Regarding the handjciped: The question of the bandlcaped is another topic
which cane up for discussion. The group felt that a detailed survey is essential
before taking up the prograaaM. Thus the group decided to conduct a detailed
survey in all the villages where we have contact and the report of the same to
bo completed and submitted within two months. A committee was also set up to
study this special area of involvement under proposal.
The group eleo felt that in the light of the evaluation conducted at
various levels,to have further discussions and indepth thinking. So the
... 5
meeting suggested to have another gat together of the core team in the moith
of June. Before that, it is suggested that a common gathering of all the animators
to be conductod in the Regional level.
RSPORT or THE ANIMATORS GATHSRIXO
A thrM-dagr gathering of all the anlaetore working under six centres was
conducted from 23 to 25 of June <989 at Jyothirvikasa Kalenahalll. The three-dsy
residential prograane gave an opportunity for the aniaetors to discuss various
Issum relevant regarding their involveuent in the villages. Eighty four aninatora
participated in the gathering. The najor points and subjects for dlsoussion
wore the followdngi
«• whether they could achieve the aims and objectives of the programme
through their involvement
*> how do they envisage their role as social workers in the future
- future planning
A good deal of sharing of experience and ev.luation of the work are done
during the sessions. The experience sharing provided a good opportunity for tto
them to share the problems they face during their involvement, the success and
failures etc. Many could realise that the problems some face are often problems
common to all.
The group in genaral,expressed great satisfaction at the achievements they
had in the field of education,awareness building etc. They are very happy at
the attitudinal change that could beeffooted through the various programmes. Soae
of then pointed out the change that has taken plaoe anong thenselves in their
outlook and vision. The general feeling was that in soae areas the progress
is really remarkable but in relation to the set objectives the group felt that
there is a long way to go. The discussion on the question of the involvement
in the future got the interest of everybody, especially because there is the
question of remuneration.of Discussing this issue the group expressed their
view that there is no question of going back from the responsibility they have
taken
as animator*. Irrespective of getting remuneration, the general feeling
was that it is the duty and responsibility to work for the social change.
So the discussion was more on the methodology of going about in the next
phase of involvement.
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I
One of the suggestions was that the number of thel Ilke-oinded groups should
be increased and more and more volunteers should join to work in this line.
They proposed the possibility of getting themselves organised under each centre
for a dynamic and organised involvement. They expressed the confidence that
if the support and guidance are continued from the part of the core team, they
could continue the woric already initiated. They also feel that with the
confidence they have already gained from the people it is possible to organise
them. Another advantage they see in getting themselves organised is that
they can better tap th® government resources and strengthen the existing
relationship with the govornment agencies.
Suggestiobs: Continuing in the same line and direction some suggested that
more economic pxograiaaes are to be included to help those who are economically
poor. But the majority strongly refuted this idea saying that,economic
programmes,giving loans etc.will not solve the problems in the society. Instead,
they suggested that the education and conscientisation programes are to be
continued inorder to make people more and more aware of their rights and to
fight for them. Inorder to achieve the objectives and to involve much better
and deeper, the need for equipin; themselves with greater conviction, deeper
knowledge and skill has been stressed by the group. The group also decided
to think further in their own respective groups about the course of action
for the future.
REPORT OF THE SgCCflD PLAQXMG S3SSICN OF THS GBUgRAL BODY OF THE COWUNITY
B>SED HEALTH AND
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
The second General Body Meeting of all the core team members of Mandya
was conducted at Jyotbirvikasa Kalenahalli to plan the next phase of the project
from 13 to 16 July 1939. Fr Sebastian Poomattam and Sr Chinnamma from the Community
Health Department of CHAI were also present for the sessions. The meeting
was presided over by Fr John Kadookunnel,the President of the Society.
After the inaugural session,the Social Work Director,Fr Jose Kochupara briefly
presented the reports of the various planning sessions and the main line
of thinking that is being evolved.
The group felt,in the light of the privious dissions at various levels
the need to have a thorough evaluation of the project taking up all the
programmes in all their aspects.
... 7
-7*
The guidelines for the evaluation are the following:
- What were the objectives of each i>rogram.rke?
• How far have these been realized?
* If not realised,why?
* The role of the people * their participation
• Findings
She highlights of We discussion are given below:
For an effective planning,the group felt the need for an indepth discussion
on certain points that evolved in the process of evaluation at various levels.
The points identified for discussion are the following:
- intensive involvement of the core team
• target group
• the effectiveness of the programmes in achieving the long term objectives
• the role of the people
• change of strategy
- organisational set up
In the process of the implementation of the project the part played by tte
core team has been evaluated. The role played by the core team in zunplcraenting
the programmes has been to everybody’s satisfaction. Another major consideration
was regarding the realization of the objectives like effecting qualitative
change in the people and the question of emr^owering the people. During the
involvement period the core t am established a good relationship with the local
people. But at the same time the analysis shows that there was much preoccupation
as to the implementation aspect of the project. At this juncture some of the
core team members expressed various constraints they had in the whole process.
Tfce following are some of them:
• whether this sort of work is what is expected of a priest or religious
• difficulty to adapt and integrate to a culture and life style diffemet from ours,
- the lack of needed conviction and skill
• a sort of dissatisfaction for not having achieved the results as expected
- anxiety regarding the future
Another point we notice is that the role played by the core team is gradually
being taken up by the people. In the year 86-S7 the core team was in the forefront
ie.the initiative was largly from the part of th© corn team. In subsequent years,
the animators become more capable to conduct the prograrvies by the selves and
... 3
consequently,the role of the core tea® came to be reduced. In both the stages
the role of the people was the sane. This year due to the conscious efforts
from the part of the core team and the animators,people came to the forefront,
getting themselves organised and taking initiative in conducting various programmes.
As a result,village committees have taken up more and more responsibility in
running the programmes,Mahilamandals and youth organisations came to be formed.
The core team further discussed the role to be played at this Juncture by
them. One positive development that is noticeable is that the people are getting
more and more organised. So the members of the core team felt that in planning
the programmes for the next phas6,ore stress is to bo given to strengthening the
organizational set up already existing and to enooxrago,give support and guidance
in forming new organizations. To effect this,the core team members felt that
deeper involvement with; the people is very essential.
TAflCET GROUI-
The second point taken up for discus ion was the target group,the category
of people with whom we involve ourselves and the people who are profited from
our programes. The point for discui sion was that,for whom,the time,resources
and energy are being spent. The analysis shows that the weaker sections especially
the Scheduled Casta and the Scheduled Tribe have not yet come to the mainstream
of the society. It is mainly because of the existing social structure where the
weaker secti<ns have no say in the affairs of the village. So the team felt that
a more concerted effort is needed for the development of this category of people.
So Hie team decided to involve more intensively with this group of people and
to make plans and strategies to bring them also into tne mainstream of the society.
People *8 Par tic ipation;
The team feels that today the people are not mere spectators or mere
race; ients of the benefits of the proframme. But they are active participants
in all ttie proprammes. During the evaluation meetings with the people,in a
number of villages,people expressed their willingness to take up the programmes
by themselves,especially,those programmes which involve financial aspect like
nursery,nonformal centres etc. The general opinion of the team was that there
■hnnlfi be a shift of responsibility,including the financial as ect to the people.
The core team decided to formulate plans and strategies to mobilise more fund
and support from the people for the continuity of trie proi ramraes. This process
... 9
has already begun in many of the villages. So the team decided to give more stress
in making the programmes,in its full sense,a people's psograoBe. Strategies are
to be worked out towards achieving this end.
Organisational Set up:
One of the important objectives of our programae is to empower people for
their own sdlf development. To achieve this objective,the role of organisational
set up is very important. Organisational set ap has already evolved in many villages
under each centre for men and women and for the youth. There are a number of
problems faced by these organisations like political differences,predominance of
people with vested Interests,opposition from different sectionse etc. But one
positive element that is noticeable is that there are a good number of people
who are aware of the need for getting organised. So one suggestion that came up
was to promote organisations,mainly under the leadership cf the animators under
each centre. The special advantages of such organisations are the following:
- local organisations can better understand the realities that exist in villages
- they are able to make bettor and deener interactions with the people
. greater participation of the people will be ensured
Other major resolutions of the core taam meeting^:
Animators: While appreciating the service being rendered by the animators there
was anriety in the team if the remuneration given to them is stopped.Regarding
remuneration, the animators are informed well in advance that it will be stopped
by the end of 89. But somo of the me bars suggested that depending upon the economic
condition and backwardness of the village financial support has to be continued.
Also many of the animators are from very poor families and therefore, they need
a certain amount of financial support. But the general opinion was to go according
to the understanding given to them. So it has been decided to treat all the
animators equally.
Continuity of th* Progyacang:
The inooae generating progranmes for each centre, like poultry and sari culture
were taken w for discussion. The following incoae goieration programmes were
included for each centre:
Sericulture For Seva Sadana Halagur, Gulabi Sadana R.MeHalliand Christalaya Hadanur
Poultry
- For Vimalalaya Guthalu and jyothirrikasa Kalenahalli
During the discussion members suggested that instead of having different projects
for each centre whi^i are small in nature, the amount could be invested for a
10
•10oonson and eomonically more viable project* This la b canse snail projects
when individually tre«*ed consumes more time, energy and personnel. Also our
experience with the implementation of the sericulture project at Halagur is
not very much encouraging. So the core team agreed to invest the whole amount
for a single project. To explore the possibilites of investing the amount for
such a project a committee toss been set i^p. The meeting then decided to take 19
the natter for discussion with CEBEMO, after haveing received the report of
their study.
Project planning for the next phase:
In the light of all the discussicns,the group suggested that the project
for the next phase be postponed for a later stage because of the following feasons:
• the decision to set up ahd strengthened organisations and consequently to
evolve programmes through them. So a period of one year is proposed for this
this process. By this time the proposed organisations under each centre will
be strengthened and oriented. Slmultaniously Involvement of the core team with
the target group will be intensified.
In the light of obove reflections^evaluations and resolutions the
General Body meeting of the core team members decided to work out the next
phase of the project at a later stags. However,taking into consideration the
financial requirements of this period,the team decided to prepare andjend
an interim project proposal for the period from January to December 1990.
Fr Jose Kochupara
-fl
Aii^yAL^PROGRESS^gEPORT^OF^THE^COMMyNITY^QASED^HEALTH^AND^DEVELUPMENT
PROGRAMME IN MANDYA
DURING THE PERIOD OF JANUARY 1988 TO DECEMBER1988.
Our ref: CBHDP Report III / 1988
Project Ref: C- 317- 1505
Uith deepfelt gratitude and pleasure we are presenting the
annual report of the Community based Health and Development project
Mandya of the year 1988t from January 1st to December 31st* This
report is the outcome of the studies done at various levels by the
team members , monthly reports from the various centres, periodical
and annual evaluations, observations by the experts specially
invited to study and evaluate the impact of the programme among
the people and above all from the feed-back of the beneficiaries
of the project.
During the implementation of the project this year, more stress
was given to the process that is to be taken place in he community.
The project is aimed at to brin- an attitudenal change among the
people towarda value oriented life. So the first part of the report
is an attempt to look at the various positive changes that are
taking place among diffrent sections of the people. The second
part of the report covers particular programmes in all its dimension.
To formulate this report, the guide line given by CEBEMO is made
use of.
Due to o ujf intensive involvemebt may changes could be observed
in the society among which the conspicuous are the following:- Growing sense for organizational set-up
- The awakening of women
- Role of animators in the programme and their development
- Improvement in the field of education
- Improvement in the field of health like promotion
of herbal medicine and home remad ies, control of
malaria and other communicable diseases
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Growing sense for organizational set -up.
Me were concentrating from the very beginning to ensuee the
role of people in implementing the programme. Having this in mind
our team initiated to set up various committies in the villages.
Running the nursery classes, non-formal classes for school drop-outs,
helping the animators to make arrangements for various seminars,
camps, health programmes etc were the responsibility of the committies.
This involvement also helped them to establish better relationship
with various officials of the government and non- government depart
ments, which in turn becoms helpful to the villages to tap the
resources. The camps , seminars and motivation programmes convened
in the villages become a forum for the people to interact with
various development departments of the government.
In 20 villages we have rather good orgationalsetuup• In other
villages, it has
i
to grow. In those villages we have organization of
their oun, t$ey take
take Sctive
Active part
part in
in the
the villages.
villages. For instance in
the slum are& of Guthalu^nder Vimalalya there are more than 150
families staying without any basic amaafnities. Now sk the people
of this area through their committee get organized and initiated
movements to pressurize local Govenment Departments, to get land
to fetch sheds, water supply, for sanitary facilitiesybtc. This
development though they are living in a poor condition is very
encouraging.
Sikaripura village is another example. This is a nomadic tribal
settlement colony. Though Govrnment alloted one to two acres of dry
land to the people years back, they were not given any title to
their land holdings. Though they belong to the^tribal group the
authorities have not recognized their tribal status^y issuing
certificates. Without which they cannot claim any facilities that
are due to them. In this village thereare 72 families living 30
lawcost< houses. That means a single room is shared by two families.
In this village two of our core team members living in their life
situation^ for the last two years. Due to their constant conscientizatioryjork now the people of this area are getting organized .
• • •# 3
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AwakQinthe_womano1k
The impact of our involvement is clearly seen among the women
folk. Women are the most unprevilaged section of the society in many
ways. There are number of social discrimination towards woman. The
literacy rate of women comparing io that of men is very law. So we
are conscentra^ing mor^ on women espeeialy those who belong to the
weaker sectior<of the society. For most ofl women in rural villages
it was the first experienc^t* to come together to discuss about their
social problems. Participation from the part of women for the programms
doubled this year if it is compared of that of last years. Uomen’s
organizations started under our centres are coming up very well.
’’Jyothi flahilamandal” starte unuer Vimalalaya (iuthalu have 42
members,and they managed to register the association under socities
registration act. After that they are able to got financial assistance
as stipend for fts 200/- for trainees and salary for As 300+- for
trainer. They also raised a fund for their daily office function
from the people of the locality. Small saving schemes are also started
by Iho membors. For the benefit of the members, different schorns like
mushroom cultivation, carpet making, fruit preservation, bosk binding,
needle work, embroidery, cutting and tailoring etc are planned.
They conduct periodical discussions and clas es on various subjects.
The role of two health animators in organizini this group is praise
jor thy .
Similarly under Oyotiruikasa Kalenahally centre another women’s
organization is registered. They are running a soap making unit and craft
centre apart from other programmes like cutting and tailoring, craft
work etc.
The organiser of this association, who is also working as a
health animator participated in a national meeting in Bombay in
Novo rib er 1988 and she represented the activities . f the society and
in particular the role of women’s organization. She is
13 a person
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/ho hasn’t got much schooling. How ever what we count is the courage
uhe has shown to go to such a far away place and to face a group from
over the^ountry. This is one of the many instances to show the
mprovement and motivation that has taken place among the wom~n.
Another striking example to quote is that, an-anniversary was
•'onducted by the Mothers of Vimalalaya M.C.H. centre. They arranged
. public meeting and the mothers staged number of variety entertainments.
Jne mother, who is a daily wage earner and has’nt got any schooling
'lelivered a speech on that occasion. Her speech was very much
.ppreciated by the dignatories invited and the audience. The striking
uoint in this is that'the development that has taken place in their
‘■hinking and analytical approch they have towards their-own problems.
£
*
There are ^ight organizations under our organization with a
otal number of 360 women.
the social set up of this place this is
eally an - achievement • Problem of dowary, inequality of women, dis
crimination of women, their role in social change etc are the subjects
‘■hey discuss in their periodical meetings. This on going discussions
elped to intensify their thinking and reflection process.
he role of animators in the programme and their development.
The role played by the animators in their respective working
.reas in organising people, motivating the youth, scheduled caste
.id tribes, slum dwellers, women etc are worth mentioning.
r. Ravi Narayan, a veteran Community health promoter visited our
project inAugust 1988 and having met the animators opined that
he core team is to goow in their thinking and skill so that they
ould guide and equip the animators in a better way. He commended that
he animators have grown more than some of the core team members
specially in assimilating the problembs of the society.
Qur animators developed a number of cultural forms to high
ight the problemb of the society, especialy caste, bonded labour,
orruption, women’s exploitation etc. To motivate the people about
• ••5
-5-
their social problems^Cur animators staged street plays from village
to village, Qn August 15th in connection with the Independence
day celebration our animators staged two street plays - one by gents
another by ladies- before a large public. It was well appreciated by
the public and government officers who were present on that occasion.
After that our team was invited by College students, Nehru Yuvak
kendra organisers, Kannada and Culture development department etc
to stage the street plays for their programmes.
Animators also give leadership to village youth conducting health
camps, cleaning the unhealthy village ponds, constructing sockage
pits low cost sanitary facilities etc.
They also try their level best to fight against caste system.
Now the animators,who belong to different caste ate freely mingle and
work together. For instance in a village called Hadanur under
Christalaya the animators of this centre cooked their food in a
house of Harijan and shared together. High caste like Brahmins,
Lingayaths and Gowoaswere also shared the food. Such an action was
revolutionary one for the traditional people. It created itsown
impact in the village. This is only one example to sight from many.
Due to the constant effort of our animators the caste feeling is
slowly reducuing from the villages. This attitudinel change is
one of the greatest achevement of the programme.
The lady animators are conscentrating more on women folk. Their
constant visit to the families helped to establish personal relation
ship with the women of the community. During their visit, they also ta
take special care to give personal councilling to women. They
effectively organize to form theirown associations, give vocational
training, conducting health cl-sses, immunization camps etc.
During the one month adult literacy compagin programme apart
from conducting literacy, our animators convened seminars on gober
gas, smokeless oven, small scale industry, envirnmental sanitation,
small savings, kitchen garden, bank loan facilities etc.
• ••6
-6-
Me take particular tare to ensure the ongoing training of the
animators. Besides the ref^sher course they attended a number oC
leadership training programmes conducted in Mandya and outside,
55*
Four of our animators were selected by the Nehru Yuvak Kendra for
a one month training camp conducted in national level at flaharastra.
In order to develop the personal skills and talents they themselves
formed an association called ’’Yuvajana Vichara Vedi” ( a forum for
reflection and thinking) Under this forum they gather once in a
month in their respective centres to think, discuss on various relavent
subjects like education, caste system, dowary etc. On the occasion
they practice public speech, music, dance etc. This helped to develop
their personal skills and talents and involve in the society in
a deeper way.
I nigrou emen t_in_the^field^o reeducation
In the villages of our involvement we could observe a clear
attitudenal change among people towards education. The whole harted
support given by the parents to the nursery and non-formal classes
is a clear sign of interest developing in the mind of people towards g
education. The village leaders take special care to give maximum
facilities to conduct this programmes. Last year in all most all
villages where our programme is going on, they conducted anniversary
celebration. For the function they invited government officials
and elected members to the local government bodies. People made use
of this as an occasion to press their demands to improve the quality >®
of their educational institutions that are in the villages, This
year, all most 75% of our nursery students joined the school, Their
performance in the school is good acc rding the information we
gathered from the teachers of the school.
122E2E£2_2 t_i n_ t ha_£ i e ldeO£ehea 11 h..
Improvement in the field of health is very clear. Especially
during this there is a considarble reduction of cor.imunica&le diseases
in our involvement area. Tuo years back ue had a number of cases of
f
7
.7-
malaria. But during this period we had only few instance. That mainly
due to the preventive measures people have taken in the enviornmenta1
sanitation in the control of mosquitos.
Similerly the insidence of diarrhoea also came down considerably.
In our project area this year there was not even a single case of xwf
infant mortality due to diarrhoea. This is ma nly due to the effort of
our health animators to promote the use of oral re-hydration solution.
In our project area any ordinary m ther knows the preparation of
o.r.s fluid and the immediate measures to be taken at the instance of
diarrhoea.
Under our M.C.H. scheme we propagate the high protien mix food
preparation to be given to highly mal—nurshied children. As a result
the cases of marasmus and kaashcorker are coming down considerably.
People are becoming more and more aware of the preventive
measures to be taken against diseases. In our health seminars and
classes we are stressing on nutrition, use of herbal medicines,
need of immunization etc. People understand the value of nutrition
and in view of this they are growing kitchen gardens in their
villages. Similerly they crow herbal gardens too.
Animators join hand in hand with novernment para medical people
and jointly conduct immunization camps. In our project area health
animators take maximum care to ensure 100% immunization in the
villages where they are involved. Since Mandya District is selected
under the universal immunization programme of World Health Organization,
the para medical personal of health department is v ry much co-operative
with the health animators in implementing the immunization pro ramme.
The successful xmpcmkx implementation of this immunization programme
is one of the great achievement we gained in the field of our
health service.
Our health animators can take care of minor ailments. Even for
minor complaints people used to come our health centres. But noo
such cases are handeled by our animators.
...8
-8-
P£°2£8ss_of_activities
This year all the centres successfuly implemented all the program
mines envisaged in the seconcj year. All the centres planned before hand
the programmes to be ^implemented, taking it to consideration the sugge
estions given by the people during he evaluation conducted in the
village level in the month of December 1987.
For the implement
ation ofthe programmes we did not find much difficulty because of
the experiance. Ue and our animators jointly faced out our programme
before hand.
axriax xa
This part of thereport is based mainly on the monthly report
given by the centres and the animators. In order to ease the report
ing from the centres and animators ue printed and distributed forums
beforehand. Here under I give a brief report of all the pro rammes
implemented this year. A chart as apendix is given with the details
of the programme, participants, resourse persons etc. Hence the
diB description is in brief.
--£-2£X«i£«i2in2_2£°2ra2me
During tbis year we got more co-operation from the people to conduct
this programme. One of the problems we faced in the first year especily
in a few centres was that the nursery classes were conducted in the xb
rooms attached to the temples. Due to religious functions the classes
were affected. In such villages we discussed bhe problem with the people
and parentii Committee. They found found suitable places other than
shrines to conduct the clqsses.
This year a total of 1284 children are attending the nursery kIi
classes. As a special programme in the nursery classes the animators
provide facilities to have periodical health check-up of the children.
For this the animators sought help from the primary health centres of
the respective areas. This year we experianced more rush in
. . .9
he
-9nursery classes comparing tothat of last year. Nursery classes are
taken care of by the village committees. Parents uho were relectent
to send their children to the nurseries last year were eager to get
admission to their children this year. The committee made collections
to conduct school day for the children anddistribute prizes for the
children.. The nursery classes are goining on well with full appreciaation from the part of the local people.
To ensure the on-going training for the nursery teachers who
also work as animators in the villages, we planned two day bi-monthly
refresher programmes. Practicaly in all must all centres, continued
the monthly refresher programme for them. Apart from this training
our nursery teachers attended a one month training programme in
Bangalore conducted by Karnataka State Council in themonth of January
1988. This one month training programme was highly beneficial for
them. Certificates were given towards at the end of the course.
This year, they are also given occasion to visit various centres
in which similar programmes are goining on. It helped them to adapt
suitable techqiqes and methodology in heir involvement.
Non-formal education for school^dro^outs
Classes for non-school going children are also going on. This ya
year a total 1727 students are attending in 42 non-formal classes in
the evening. For this programme we get co-operation from the parents
and villagers. For conducting the classes facilities like, room,
light arrangei&nts etc^are given by the people* Some of the students
are beeing pre-pared to joi^j the regular schools.
The quality of the students improved a lot, and all most all can
read and write. The animators take sincere effort to give general
knowledge fco the students. Controlled exercises . qames 9 cultural
programmes etc help to inculcuate discipline among them. However there
are problems too. During harvest, feast etc. the attendance are
reducing.
...10
-10-
Adult education
Adult education programme was planned to be conducted in 25
villages this year. But beyond the target we conducted the programme
in 29 villages. Before starting the programme one week trainin was c
conducted under five centres for the teachers.
This year the adult education programme was conducted in such
a way that it would become maximum beneficial for the people. Apart
from literacy programme classes on many subjects weregiuen. Block
development officers. Bank managers, elected government body me mbers
were invited. They explained about various government schemes to
the people. For women separate classes were conducted on subjects
like gober gas, smokeless oven, environmental sanitation , small
savings, health classes etc. Facilities were also iven for the
adults in literacy training. To ensure on1 oing reading habit, reading
room facilities were given in 36 villages. Our animators are taking
particular interest for the smooth functioning of these centres.
During this one month intensive involvement with adult literacy
programme our animators tried to build up organisational set up in
the villages. Twelve organization for young women arid fourteen
organistion for men were started. Out of these eight organisation
for women and seven for men were registered with Nehru Yuva Kendra
and department for j<outh . These organisation are getting financial
assistance from the concerned departments.
During the evaluation of the programmes conducted in the month
of December 1987, people shared that motivation seminars were very
useful and they expressed their desire for more such capps for ladies
youths and orhers separately. Considering the request all our centres
took particular interest^uhenever possible to conduct the motivation
programmes.
.. .11
-Il
During the evaluation of this year the core team members expressed great satisfaction in this programme. All were of the same
opinion that this motivation pro rammes are the best means to exchange the views of the people as well as of ours and this sharing
in turn becomes very useful for the core team to understand the
problems of the people in a better way. These motivation programmes
helped to create more awareness ^mong people for organisation set
up, savings, starting vocational training etc.
£S£mers_Education_Programme
12 villages were included in the programme for this year.
Accordingly camps were conducted for the farmers. Agricultural
Scientists From agricultural university of Mandya, Sericultural
department people, Veterinary doctors etc. were invited for the
classes•
During the evaluation, people from certain villages said that
the classes were not so beneficial For them, because they could not
gain much knowledge From them. They said that the Farmers know much
more from what they gained From the classes. However in some villages
especially ir$ draughtstricken areas people shared that the classes
were useful.
Under Oyotir Vikasa, Kalenahalli, a one month seminar was
conducted For seclected farmers on food preservation, seed keeping
control of rats and pests by Dr. Kulkarni from Ban jlaore. He also
conducted one day camps in 3 villages on the s^me subject. In his
class practical demonstrations and slide programmes were also inclu
ded .
tershig^Training_Programme
Village level : During the year 1988 youth leadership camps were
vonducted in 18 villages. A total of 554 youth partecipated in these
camps. From themjthose who showed better leadership qualities weie
chosen for the central level camps.
13,0
COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
(Fim Eloor)S
SANGAlOHE - 5uO 001
/ \
. . 12
-12-
Central level : Under all centres Central level youth leadership
camps were conducted for the selected youth from village level camps.
232 youth attened. Need for youth organisations, social analysis,
development of leadership qualities etc. were the subjects dealt in
the seminar.
Under Vimalalaya, Guthalu one week leadership training was
solely set apart for legal education. Two priests lawyers Fr. Dose
and Fr. Francis from^Belgaum monitored the classes for them. Slides,
vedeo cassettes, charts etc. were made use of for the classes.
Pamphlets on relevant itfgal themes were also distributed among the
partecipants.
Regional level : One week Regional level leadership camp was conducted
for those who were selected from the Central level camps. In this
camp qualities of a leader, social analysis, techniques for organising
etc. were the main subjects dealt with.
This yjnMJOJS cadre of youth helped the animators in all their
involvements in the villages.
Community^Health-Programme
Maximum attention was given for the promotion of health.
However various health programmes were oriented to create an aware
ness among people that health is their right. A brief description of
various programmes implemented this year to achieve this objective
is given below
Mother and Child Health Programme : Under M.C.H. programme one day
seminars were conducted in 21 villages. Propogation of oral rehydra
tion solution and identifying and caring malnourished children were
the two programmes given priority under thie activity. In all the
camps we demonstrated the prepation of oral rehydration solution (ORS).
Now in villages any ordinary - mother can prepare and use the ORS.
. . .13
-13-
Our health animators and 1*1.C.H. guides identified number of
children and mothers who were highly malnoutished. Special care was
given to them. Periodical check ups, distribution of iron and vitamins
teaching the prepation of high protien contained food were the special
activities carried out.
Under the 01.C.H. Programme four adult education classes for
women are also going on. The coreteam also took particular attention
to cooperate with the lopal health care departments of the government.
Health Animators1 Training Programme : Health animator were selected
and a one week basic training was given under each centre. Altogether
125 health animators were selected and trained. Refresher programmes
were also conducted for them regularly. 61 animators were given medi
cal kits so that they can practise what they learn. Most of the ani
mators can handle minor ailments. They also take special interests
to conduct health education classes and seminars for villagers. How
ever they should go still further to gain the confidence of the people.
School Health Programme : School health programme was envisaged to in
culcate a basic knowledge about health in the school children.
Imparting basic health knowledge to the students and motivating the
parents and teachers to take care of children’s health were the ob
jectives of this programme. To realize these objectives teachers were
given training under 5 centres. During this programme we discussed
the various possibilities of implementing it effactively.in selected
schools. Cumulative health record is produced with all details for
each student. This health record is to be filled in after detailed me
dical check up of the students. This will help the parents and teachers
«
to understand the health situation of the students. Result of the pe
riodical check up and prescription given were also bo be recorded.
This programme was implemented successfully in the Vimala
Primary School, Guthalu. A sample copy of the cumulative health record
printed for this purpose is also enclosed herewith. The health animators
< . .14
-14-
helped for the implementaion of this programme.
Herbal Medicines and Home Remedies : To promote the use of herbql
medicines and home remedies various measures have been taken. This
year 9 two-day seminars were conducted for the health animators. A
total of 216 persons partecipated in this seminar. Resource persons
who could handle the subject in the vernacular were invited. Ue have
demonstration gardens under 5 centres.
The envisaged periodical gathering and sharing of the traditional
medical practitioners did not yield the desired result because of the
x'eluctance on the part of the partecipants to share their knowledge
and experience. However, the core team members and health animators
are trying their level best to popularize the use of herbal medicines
and home remedies.
Community Health Centre : Our Community health centres stressed more
on health education rather than the curative aspects. Particular care
is being taken to give guidance and counselling to the people coming
to our health centre. For the health education slides, charts, flash
cards, specimen and other materials are used. Thj slides produced in
our own local situationeF§und more effective in giving health education.
^£2i°!2al
££22E-2Ta
Co-ordination : To co-ordinate the entire programme different methodo
logy had been adopted. Monthly reporting and accounting, visit of the
Director and the Assistant to the villages and centres, monthly evalua
tion and planning in central level and the bi-monthly gathering of the
core-team were helpful to co-ordinate the programme. A six member
committee was constituted from core team to implement the health pro
gramme .
The managing committee meetings were convened four times this
yoar to discuss and face out various programmes.
..15
-15-
Tra inincj_ Programme
A one-week training programme was conducted for the beginners in
the month qf June. This programme was carried out jointly with the
J.DiS^S., flandla (Jabalpur), Ajmir, Rajkot and Mandya. Altogether there
were 32 partecipants including 11 from our core team. The facilitators
of the course were Er. Thomas Joseph, Sr. Grace and Hr. Vijayan from
Catholic Hospital Association of India.
Er. Abraham Chempotty and James Marottikudy attended a one month
legal aid seminar at Bangalore. Sisters Daya and Amala partecipated a
week long training programme at Uhitefield, Bangalore. Our field offi
cers Mr. Natraj and Ali took part in a 15 days seminar on street play
at Rohini Social Science Institute, Mangalore in the month of October,
Er. Zacharias Thadathil completed successfully a one month trainers’
training conducted in Orissa by CHAI. After this training he is help
ing our core team and animators in a better way to carry out their
works.
All those who attended courses outside Mandya presented brief
leports to the office and shared their experiences in the core team
meetings•
At various occasions our core team members with the animators
visited similar project. The places they visited are B.R. Hills where
a project for the rehabilitation of the tribals is being implemented,
community health programme at Shimoga, N.R. Pura and South Canara.
Six of our core team participated one month sharing session con
ducted by J.D.S^S. at Mandla (M.P.). The team visited different tribal
colony at Mandla.
Ue were invited by the Bishop of Ujjain to sh^re this experience
. . 16
*
-16-
of our involvement with the missionary personnel in his docese. Six
of our members including the Regional Director and Social Work
director conducted the sharing session for four days.
2
Communi eat ion Media
From the experience we learned that the slides are an effective
media of education. So we decided to produce slides in our local back
ground. 35o slides were produced on various themes. An expert team
from Aavishkar Service Pvt.Ltd., R.T. Nagar, Bangalore helped us for
the production of slides.
The slides cover topics like non-formal education, adult education
organizations, exploitation, Dowry, discrimination of women, bonded
labour, child labour, child marriage, corruption, herbal medicines,
management of diarrhoea and other communicable diseases, firstaid,
nutrition, pre*-natal and post natal care, immunization, environmental
sanitation ej£c.
e*
For the production of slides people co-operated wholeheartedly.
Besides, we procured video and audio cassettes.
Resource Centre
For the Regional level resource centre, we purchased books on
subjects like, social themes,^health, biblical themes and books for
reflection and reference.
The library facilities at the various centres are being made use
of uf by the animators.
One week spiritual reflection programme w<-s ex lectod to be con
ducted this year in the month of October. Due to onavoidable inconve—
nience of the resource person whom we invited we had to postpone the
.. .17
-.17-
the programme to April 1989.
Community Development Extention Programme
Sreerangapatna, and Naganangala Taluk are the two places inclua.
ded for the ^extention programme of the first phase of the project.
The first phase was int^xded for an indepth study of the place, people,
culture, scope of the activities etc. However, during the last two
years, the 'team members concentrating these areas have gone far ahead.
The activities of these two centres are given below :-
Oeevan Jyothi Sreerangapatna : In the light of studies by was of sur
vey, visit etc. conducted by the members, they selected two villages
for their intensive involvement.
Kenkalkoppal is one village they have selectedwhich has 70 fami
lies- with a total population of 338 persons. In this village there is
one B.A. degree holder and another who studied up to P.U.C. Only 18
persons are literate in this village.All the families find their live
lihood by doing coolie work. The
ikxx people of this village belong
to different caste.
Another village they selected is a part of Ganjam, Sreeranga
patna. There are 170 families with a total population of 980 persons.
Majority are inland fishermen. Among them there is nobody who can read
and write.
In these two villages our tegm has started two non-formal schools
for children. They also conduct motivation camps,9 health education
classes etc.
Jeevan Dyoti Orientation Center : The missionary society has started
its orientation centre attached to this station in the month of June
1988.with an objective to give an understanding about the programme
carried out in flandya, to the young aspirants of priesthood. This
course consists of an year of exposure for the seminarians to the
. .18
-18-
active mission field* The 17 seminarians undergoing training take
part in all activities of the centre.
Nauamanqala : Two of our core team members concentrate their activity
mainly atoong the tribal group known as JAkipikis! Our members are
living in their village in one of houses provided by the people. Their
simple life, adopting the life condition of the people is a really a
challenge.'Their effort to become one with the people produce its own
effect. They already gained the confidence of the people, People are
getting organized to fight for their legal rights, to get title for
their small land holdings, get certificate to prove their tribal sta
tus, let basic amneties as drinking water, house etc. The women of the
village is also getting organised. A cutting and tailoring Bmd centre
adult education centre, classes for non 5® school going children are
also started. Two animators helped to carry out the programmes.
Continuity of the Programme ; ;
With a view to generate fund for the continuity of the- programme
in future, sericulture in 3 centres and poultry farming in 2 centres
are planned. Accordingly two acres of lanHeEultivated with mulberry
plants at Sevasadan and Gollarahalli• Building for silk worm rearing
is completed. Ue expect fulfledged functi ning of this scheme by the
beginning of this year.
Evaluation
A one week evaluation of our entire programme was done in the
month of July from 13th to 17th of 1988. To monitor the evaluation
programme, we invited Er. Thomas Joseph from CHAI, Dr. Ravi Narayan,
the Director of Community Health Cell Bangalore and fir. M.P. Joseph
from Social Science Institute Kalamsserry. They visited all the centres
and held separate and joint discussions with the core team and anima
tors. The evaluation session helped to sharpen the objectives f 'r
which we alVstand for. While appreciating the effort the coreteam
making in awareness building, they suggest the followin'"- areas for
particular attention :-
- on going training for the core team
advanced training for the animators
. . .19
-19-
-ensuing effective peoples^ partecipation.
The team suggested that the evaluation should he an on
oinc process.
The following questions are to be contnuously asked and reflected
upon :-
- Uhat are you doing for cultural adaptation?
-.Are we programme oriented or people oriented?
- Are we ready to learn from our people?
- Should our involvement be intensive or extensive?
Auailability of Human Resources for the Programme
For the successful implementation of the project, we got co-op
eration from different people like doctors, scientists, social activists etc.
Co-operation from the part of local government departments like
Nehru Yuvakendra, Kannada Culture Department, Village Industries
department, Health department, Veterinary department, Agriculture
fidHpaxitnant University, Sericulture department, helped very much to
implement the programme.
Conclusion
The dosirc being inculcated in the people for change and valueoriented lifeiis really the success .of the programme for which a
number of people have toiled and are still toiling. Me gratefully
remember CEBEflO, its staff, and all those who have contributed to
materialize this programme.
Jose Kochupara
42. M.jnl/n-571401
KARNATAKA
V
' X
BEPCRt CF Tlixa Ca^Ki^s^jlV^ C^^’iTOlTY.bA^a>
.;.p i^/sicFM-iin: Fwcaw^ in mw>xa. Ch alp ye r^l^J)
1.
The cu-aprchanalve H^al Ui and Davolopaent Progrwwae enviauEed to create
a (;«ncrsl awarsuieas annong the people of Mandya District mainly the slum
awullors of tee city and tea weukor sections of the r'rral villag^os illiteraQr,
Poverty, Uneaploymunt, 111 health, disunity. Caste Bystaa are the waiin
blocks on the way towards their progress. Being Menaya a ruinshaudow region frequent drought and scuriuity of water liiteacify thoir
aisury. One of the mujo« prabjesna of our target group is that they ara not
an a. t ositioa even te' utilise tho reaoux'cuu and futilities that are available
in a 5>roper way. So the oain objective of our entire programiM is to enable
the people to stand on ttei*’ own foot, by bxpiug tee resources teat are
aVtilitele from tee Covemaent, from the locality and from other sources, so
teat te<v w i^rove tboir living ocodiUoas. To achieve ttds, organised
tond oul-ooUve effort of all cwncerniKl each
tee Govewrnent vcluntaxy
w£aps actions local sdtsdaSitratlvo bedias sst^d thu people are required.
Ui.xca.taon is
tee Xouuuauiun upon unite tela proeesaea is to ue build
up.
euacatiun or cwuselteUauUun As to Le evulvod id tee people, so
that te<V W find <™t
aau muons for self devel^mnt. So^wehave
initiated teis movemtet tiu^ugh our various vduoatiwi preq^waes^are planned
iu ouch a way that it may bring people of all walks of life together for
colloutivo thinking ted action.
1 cm happy to give tee report of our
vux Iouj uctivlilua of the ltt»t 31k won ths.
Tha Achiw<M»nt ox’ Ute Prpjeftta
■Struu-.u'ul a pact of tea PrpjgfcUi
2. ks wu pl^snad, wo -mya started tea following progr^raaa, Muraory ocixools,
non-forml ►wiuoation for Sobool orop-Kuts, Adult ■oducation, laadoraldp train
ing, HoalUi progr&aws liko Mcthar and Child H.altb, Hoalth Znimters traininc.
School finite prcffritUMO and proitotion of Bartel ana hoa® Raaadisa. i© equip
better fte people direc tip involved in the prograftwrt such as tea Cora team
Biea.bsz'3 uifci tee vill^a antefctera, ad^sated
*»*
coziduGtiai;. Tteeo
pwgraJBMMi and expoaura
are being; implaaented throat
our six. Csntras, covarlng; four teluka, out of awen in Hr®dya district,
At
prosoat, 4.5 coro-toaa saawoM'B iadu-ia^ priwats >«nd aistera^ 80 full tima
aniastera sn- teo field offload w® workli^ in our project.
2
F t better clarity, we are looking at the aohivement of the project in
two ways,
2—1
i)
Material progress in terms of number of Centres, number ofbbeneficiuries number of Villages directly involved etc. Under this caption, de-
r. tailed report of the specific programmes are also included*
2—2
ii)
The qualitative changes that has taken place amontf the people of our
involvement*
2-1
Material Progress:We could implement almost all the programmes without alterations-from the
project plan* With our active involvement, we could cover 36 villages during
this 6 months time*
2.1.1* Nursery Programme:
The main objectives behind this programme were:
i) to create interest among the ciiildren of 4 to 6 years for learning
and to give a basis for their formal schooling*
ii)
to get village animators, who could also work as Nursery teachers*
iii)
to utilise tikis prograjimie as an entry point for our further invol
vement in the villages*
Keeping the above mentioned objectives in mindt we proceeded to indentiljr
animators from the villages, with the help of village leaders* The first
group of animators which we needed were ladies because thqy were also expec
ted to teach in the nursery Schools to involve among women folk. They were
given an intensive training for a fortnight, in the respective centres* We
selected 34 aniuiatora out of 46. After the training,, we had a common gettogether of all
the selected animators and the certificates were issued*
The District Collector Mr.Haju Premkumar, I*A*S* was the Chief Guest, who
appreciated our venture and offered his whole hearted Co-operation from the
part of Government Department*
After the training Uxe animators were given the responsibility of taking
a socio-economic senses of the villages where tliey were expected to work.
This was in view of getting a first hand knowledge about the area of their
involment. After the survey thqy took initiative to organise nursery Schools*
Contd,..?)
3
The core-team members took active participation in getting rooms and other
facilities for conducting the programme.
The Nursery classes were started
with a formal but simple inauguration in wiiich village local leaders and
well wishers were the participants. This was a chance for us to introduce
our various programmes and future plans once ain to the villages. Our
core-team members are constantly visiting and giving all possible guidance
and demonstration classes for toe teachers.
Though toe refresher course was planned twice in a month practically
we giKre follow—tp tr^ining to these animators almost every week-ends. Now
a good number of to^y are very active and they involve themselves dynamic
in other programmes of the vi 11 ages. During this period, we were complbled
to remove a few of toe® for incompetency. At present there are 34 Nursery
classes and a total of 1104 children are benefitting.
2.U2,
Non-fomial Glasses for School drop-outa:
Tills prograniHie was
nly envisaged to give education for vast isajority
of children who are not able to continue even their priaaxy education duo to
poverty, width compels the parents to employ their young ones for various
works like gracing cattle, helping the parents, looking after the kids while
the parents are away for work. Taking into account of tlds situation, wo
planned to conduct this programme in the evening with a flexible and an att
ractive methodology of this yound children. One is so encouraged to see the
enthusiasm shown by the children in coming the evening classes so interest
ingly after their day long routine work.
For the selection of the first batch of animators, our direct involve
ment was conspicuous. Whereas it is toe village committees who took the res
ponsibility of indentifying animators and organising Centres for deop-out
Schools. Ab we have planned an intensive training lasting a week was imparted
to them.
A total of 55 youngsters took part in the training among whom 42
were selected as animators.
This now batch is entrusted to handle toe even
ing classes apart from «igaging themselves in service as animators in the vi
llages.
Hie methodology adopted for toe evening class is different. Before star
ting toe actual class, the children are engaged in different games followed
by mass drill which helps to create interest as well as discipline. The ani
mators take keen interest to make toe blass attrative by using various teaching
methods like role play, discussion, workshops, and using attrative teaching
aids like Charts, Models, film strips, slides ete. A manual is under preparation
Contd,..4)
uhict. is to be used as text in the classes.
The technique of street play
(detailed explanation later) ia also resorted to capture the interest of the
students, who on their part demonstrate the same in the villages in publie
whieh attracts and educate the common people.
2.1.3. Adult luiucution Programme:
Adult Education Programme is geared to create mass mobilisation in the
target group, so that it leads to form a strong organisation at different
structure of society, whose function is to alleviate social grievances. Ma
king tiie Illiterate 'te literate is also an avocado goal of tliis programme.
Bearing this in mind, wo have directed a host of programmes to actiieve
tills end. As a first step towards this, we have already given training to
our animators. Now they are in the field aid trying to buildup a base for
greater involvement in the feature.
iA important move towards this will be to generate awareness in the peo
ple to effect their yious technique are being used.
Third theatre(Streot
plcy) i® one of the methods found most successful. The animator are given
ten days intensive training on street play and communication media techniquas. Now in turn th«y are forming tropps intheir areas. Villages and staging. Castism,inquality, poverty, exploitation etc., are the themes high
lighted. One of the striking advantage of ttiis technique is that it is att-
radtive and inforiaative and simple.
It doesnot require makeup or stage.
Us
ually these programmes are earriedout in the evening taking villagers conve
nience in to account.
Ani matara are also involved themselves in organising people. One of
the tangible effect of their effort^is formation of 37 (thirty seven) peoples
couauittee. It is these committees,.also take initiative in all people based
activities in villages. By this time, 10 (Ten ) youth forms and 6 (six) Mahila Mandels are already established and they are trying to get it registered.
For conducting literacy campaign, preparatory work is already launched.
Tiiis campaign will be conducted by the trained Animators and literate volun
tary youths in tie months of October and November. In view of this training,
is being given to youth in communication media, posture making etc..
2.1.4. Motivation Prograimne;
Main intention of this campf are making people, reflective about their
life situation and enable then to decision making.
Once this attained, they
contd9.5)
5
can ciiange their life situation.
the first year.
14(fcurt en) such camps are envisaged in
Out of which, 6 (six) such ean^ps are already over.
To organise these Camps,people from different part® of lifot like
MeS.W.Trainees, Government Employee®, Bank officials eto,, wore partieipated,
have
taping Government resources, forming
co-operatives. Savings ets., in these camps, about 500(Five hundred)people
participated including men and swomen.
2.1.5. Farmers1 Education Prograde;
In the development of rural econosy, the place of farmers is pivoted.
90% of our target group are solely dependent on Agriculture or Agricultural
labour. A development of this group cannot be thought of unless a radical
change has taken place in their traditional method. To attain this desired
result, advanced training programmes for farmers to improve their Agricul
tural and live stock are Sarriedout. Out of 6(Six) such training Camps, two
are already over. Before conducting the training programme, a number of
ground work was essential.
This involved meeting people, understanding their
problems, making them aware of the need of adopting modern technologies, use
of improved seeds and use of scientific .enuring etc. To ensure better edueation, we are in the progress of making a video cassette in collaboration
witi^Agricultirfa Research Institute, Mandy*- Sericulture and veterinary Deparunaxits have also extended their support.
2.1.6.
Leaders}ip Training;
A new cadre of leadership is to emerge in villages, if our effort is
to be materialised. For effective implementation, we have phasedout this
programme in to three stages vis: one day samp in villages level, four days
camp for selected youth in every centre , and one three day camp in Regional
levels
We have already commenced our target by conducting one day camps in
12 villages.
A total of 420 youngmen and women participated in these camps.
In three centres name$ly in Sevasadana, Gollarahally, Gulabi Sadana,
B.M.Halli. and Jyothirvikasa, Kaienahalli. Four day camps for selected
youths were conducted groiq: dynamics, leadership qualities, organisational
tecliniques etc., were the main topics covered during this camp. In all these
four days camp, participants were about 160 in numbers.
2.1.7. Heal tix Programme:
Coiuorunity Health can't be viewed in isolation but it should be viewed
in a vider prospective.
Since we view ill health as a symptom of
...6
X
- 6 unjust and corrupt society, our approach towards health and health
problems were also remarkably different.
All our endevours in tods
direction were oriented to make awareness among toe people that
health is their right and it involves a collective responsibility
to maintain and promote it.
Keeping this in mind, we were trained to ensure maximum
community participaUon in all our health programmes. Under toe
Mottier and Cid.Id health programme, in two centres Christalaya,
hadanur and Jyothirvukasa, Kalanahalli monthly immunization camps
are conducting from village to village. In its implimentation,
we were getting all possible co-operation from Health Department.
In nil other isM centres, immunization programme is effectively
conducted by the Government Primary Health Unit.
Under this M.C.H.Programme, six one day camps were conducted.
In Ghristalaya, Hadanur, and Gulabi Sedan, B.M.Halil, two nutrition
demnonstration camps for Mothers were conducted under the auspicious
of Saint John’s Medical College staff. With nutrition suppliaentary
food provided by C.R.S.(Catholic Belief Service). M.C.H.Programme
were going on for mix hondred benificiarles in Jyothlrvikasa,
Kalenaholli and Vimalalaya, Guthalu for the last two years. After
the impldmentation, of the project a constant education programme
was launched for this group. Now Four adult education classes were
opened and 180 illiterate wU.ers are regularly attending in these
classes.
In these four adult education centres, small savings
schemes were also introduced to promote saving mentality among
mothers. Our animators along with our core team members keep
regular house visits. During this visits, particular care is been
taken H give personal counsel to expectant and lactating mothers.
Our animators have toggovered a health survery of X villages ia
anothur tangible achievement.
r-inr.nl Birth AttandantB play an important role in
th® villages especially during the time of child birth. A three day
training programme is planned for them in this year. And accordingly,
three day training programme is already given to th® T.B.A’s.
Altogether there were 17 participants •
...7)
-7In addition to the T.B.A’s a five day course for the selected
Hh/H th ani Heitora were given in each centre. Altogether there were
27 participants.
Four of them were sent for a month long residential
course in Mysore*
The attendies of this coarse take leadership in
organizing health education chases for the villagers.
For the promotion of urban medicine, to equipe more in thia
line, four of our core team members were sent for residential courses
at Kush&lna^ar, Koorg district and H»D*Kote, Mysore district of
Karnataka State, In the month of April and Maj respectively. The
main subjects were-.use offterbal medicines, preparation of syrups etc..
After the courseierbal demonstration gardens are being planted attached
to our centres.
At Sevadadana, Collarahalli, Community Health Centre is opened
in the month of January itself.
Since it has been attending the health
needs of We locality.
2.2.1.
Quali tative cl>an^e Wat has"tciken place among people;
The real progress of any programme is to be measured in terms of
attitudal change that has taken place among the target group.
short span of time (six months) is too brief
assessment.
This
to make an objective
However we could feel conspicious changes in th©
mentality of people.
One of the areas in which we could see a remarkable change is
the interest germinated among the parents to send their children for
education.
For example, thaip were sceptical about the success of
the non formal classes for school dropouts. But wo found it very
gusesRf11! and parents are most willingly encourage their young ones
to go to these classes. Camps, Seminars and other courses meant to
enlighten the people have received wide response from the people
and they are asking more such programmes. Women’s education which
was taboed is slowly being changed.
^Another aFea in which we see a remarkable change is the caste
consciousness. For example, in a village called Ragiiauddanahalli
under Jyothirvik&sa^entre th© animator? was belonging from a low
...8)
- 8 -
caste from a different village, she was conducting nursary class and other
programmes in that village. Once the high caste hindus came to know tliat
she is from a low caste family, they resisted and did not allow her to
enter in their families. She was asked not to conduct nursery pyngramme
in the room wiiich a Gowda has given.
People of this village asked us
to replace animator from their own caste. For which we could not yield
and we had to stop all our programmes in that particular village. But
we tried to conscientise the people and after four months the leaders of
the village came again and requested to resume the programmes, willingly
to accept ary animator whomever we sent. The same animator whom they
rejected is being accepted by the villagers.
In another village under Gulabi sad ana Centre, when a nursery class
is organised the high dues people objected to admit children of low caste
families. Bus to this problem delayed the opening the centre. Due to our
constant effort the situation is changed and now Gowdu who is a high oleoo
caste agreed to provide one of his rooms to conduct the pxogramme and
did not object admitting harijan children in the classes. Now about 50^
of Wo children are from harijtm families.
But WtiM- another villages* in which our efforts in this regard
were futile.
Another bi^ problem we faced especially for selecting women animators
was that the parents were very relsctant to allow their girls to go out of
their doors even for animators training because the^r feared criticism from
others, be had to worK a lot to change this mentality. Now by seeing the
good work done by the animators9 prople began to accept them and the mentality
of the parents also slowly being changed.
Along with the emergence of new cadre ana leadership a new set of
problems has arised.
Most of our animators are youngsters.
The elderly
group of the village try to underestimate them. *fou are a tiny girl. An*
to coming to teach mo1’ said an elderly women. This sort of reaction was not
a ntery incident. But seeing their edifying work and dynamic involvement
they slowly builA" up their credibility in gaining ground.
...9)
< >
ft
-9 When we speak about attitudal change we have to bear in mind the
doep rooted habits, practices and believes’are not easily alterable.
We have often to face strong resistance from people when we touch
such sensitive issues.
Problems we face in the process:
A number of problems we faced in the implementation of the
project. Alont with the cast, problem, party politics Is another
hindrance for our programmes. Most of the villages are practically
divided on party base. If a group of people belong to one particular
party co-operate with us Wen the other group will stay back. Soaetlaes
party leaders try to involve in our
advantage.
programme for their own party
In certain villages especially it is an llerculion task
to uni te people beyond party politics.
On certain occasion, animators desort our programme when they
get married or get a better job.
Then we have to start again
identifying and motivating new animators.
Thtog as we already stated above*, the deep rooted practices and
habits of people are not easy to change and create a new line of
thought.
Despite such and similar pi’ollems it is hortative to note that
porciveable change taking place in the comunity.
Peoples; Participation:
From the very outset of the programme we have facilitating peoples
pirtiiiipation in our programmes,
he are getting the peoples partici
pation even beyond our expectations.Before starting ary programme
in a villages we conducted number of formal and non-formal discussion
with the people. As a policy before starting any programme, we tried
to ensure maxiiauia public co-operation. Now in every village of our
involvement thex'e are peoples comuiitties. It is the members of these
commitUes who take initiative to conduct nursery. School dropouts
Centres, various seminars etc..
In all villages people have provided sufficient accomodation for
cc.ndnoting nursery and non—formal class.
Lights, Seating arrangements
...10)
f
\
- 10 -
for students and teachers and all necessary facilities are provided
by the people. Generous people have financially helped for purchasing
chairs and tables for nursery centres, distributing prizes for
children etc.. For example, in Guthalu(Vimalalaya) Centre, one
businessman has provided chairs for all nursery centres.
For the selection of the village animators, the village
committee played a vital role. It is they who suggested a few
dedicated youths. After the initial training programme, we selected
present animators. Since those animators are the choice of the
villagers, they are more acceptable in the villages.
In certain occasions, we have to fight against vested
interested poople of the villages.
For instance, in a village called
S indig are, a single person was dominating in all social affairs of
the village and he was not interested to conduct any programme.
Whereas all other people were welcoming the programmes. But they
are uffraid to go against him. His intention is to keep all people
in ignorance for his own advantage. Though our constant contact
in that village, a group of youngsters have com© forward and take <
active participation in all programmes..
Channappanadoddi is an another village where we are not
gQl-ti ng Hir\y co-operation from the people in the beginning* Then
we conducted some
for women, youths etc.. After such
involvement people are coming forward and actively participate in
our prngrHwiittHH* How, a nursery, and centres for school dropouts
are going on full co-operation of the people, youth are also
being getting organised.
Availability of
Materials needed;
For the effective i^liwunoation of the programme, teaching
materials, audio visual aids, transportation facilities etc., were
needed, we already procured Video, T.V., Video Cassets, 8 mopeds,
one Auto-rickshaw. Teaching materials required for various
training programmes wore also purchased. Ttybse tilings which we
can't get are producing-in the centre. The office furnitures and
type-writer are also purchased.
...11)
a
- 11 -
**
Apart from this
teriuls, that are locally available ar. also
getting from the people.
People of our project area generously
co-operate with us.
Participation of the benificiaries. of the. Projectj
The benificiaries of Uie project are the coaunon people of rural
villages and slum dwellers of the Mandya City. These groups differ
in their mentality and attitude. People of the villages are more
co-operative whereas the people of the slum area are of arrogant
nature and demanding type. It is all the more difficult to organise
people of the slum area, because of several problems like alcoholism,
poor living condition, lack of parental control over children etc..
Cooperation with Governaiont and, other Agencies:
The participation given by the local Government bodies like
Jilla Parishat, Mandal Panchayats, Health department. Agriculture
& Veternaiy department. Welfare bodies are encouraging. Whenever
we organise programmes we make it to point that these peoples are
invited. They introduce various government schemas that can be
tapped from the Government.
Our animators are also makixig a link
to We Government and people. In our programmes, all possible
co-operations are being given by the local government bodies like
Panchayat. For instance, whenever we can’t secure rooms for
conducting nuisexy or non-formal schools, the local government
bodies see that rooms are made availed of.
He^tion udth othar .igencias;
Uia also try to be in touch with other voluntary agencies
involved in any sort of welfare activities. On 14th March, we
convoked a get together of all registered voluntary agencies in
Mandya District. Representatives of 14 voluntary agenscies were
participants. The main objective of this get togetr.er was to
share experiences and exchange views. Dr.Pious from ’Deedsore,
animated the seminar. The group decided to meet again in the month
of Novouiber to discuss in detail about the possible artfsag of
co-operation•
...12)
I
* 12 -
Regional level programesx
For the effective implinentation of the programme advanced and
specified training for the core team is indispensable. Having in
mind the same, we have conducted one week training programme on
legal aid for the cure team members in the month of January187.
(cut of 42, 3) members were participated) Supreme Court Advocate
Fr.P.D.Mathew was the facilitator of the programme.
^In the month of March•87 twelve of our coro teem members
participated a one week training programme at N.H.Pura. The
session were on scc^Cl analysis, role of social workers involve
ment in community etc..
AnothtiW four of our members participated on advanced course on
Verbal medicines at Kushalanagar.
Ono of our cere team laeuber Sri.Angela from Christalaya,
Hadanur Centre, is undergoing nursing st St.John•s Medical Colloge,
B^ngalcxe.
Four of our core team members w*a«i participatad in a course
on Audio visual, at Bangalore*
in the month of June, 10 days intensive training programme on
street—play and communication media was conducted in the regional
Isvel.
Selected 25 animators participated in this session.
rix-.Mohanchandra, Mr.Bamu, were conducted the programme.
ExtentjLon Prograaws
All our programmes are distributed through our 6 centres
covering four taluks out of Sevan in Mandya District.
During this
period of arix months we also started in other 3 taluks namely
Jaevaujyothi in ^rlx angapatna taluk, Preethinilaya, Koppa village
in Maddor taluk and Santhou Manasavikasa in Nagamanagala taluk.
Oul cox a team members involved themselves in studying various
aspects of this adv involvement areas.
13)
-13-
Kojis of CliAl in the programioe:
From the very haginning of our active involvement in the commu
nity with this prograame, the helping hand of CHAI is there* They
were giving “11 possible guidance and directions in our progran&e*
Wa ara very greatful to CHAI for sending Fr.Seb&stian Poomathan
end Sr.Grace from the community health department of CHAI* They
stayed with us for 10 days and visited all our project areas*
The twam cautioned us to concentrate more on process Umt is to be
evolved in the villages rather than conducting programmes.
The executive director of ChAl Fr.Jchn Vattenattam and
progrione director Fr.Thaxnas Joseph were also visited our Centro*
uxch- nve Programme:
a
a part of exchange study prcgra&me, mernber of local ^nd
foreii^n teams visitift our project ujaa during this period. This
helped us to share our different views and experiences who are
involved in the community work.
Conelusion:
Thougii we have achieved this much, still we have to go Him
ahead* I do hope by the grace of Alxoighty and the helping hands
COAV
of Cdli^O and CIUI , wo eould achieve the goal.
6666
C0N+/ 3/^'
COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
47/1.(First Floo.-)3.. Marks aosd
BANGAiO.iE • 560 ooi
I
/
i
INTERVIiSW SCHEDULE FCR THE VlLLAGsaS TO iiVALUATS THS IMPACT OF C0MFHJHENS1VS
COMMUNITY E/SSD HSALTH AND DSVELCPMiNT PROGRAMME
ST. THOMAS MISSION SOCIETY, MhNDYA.
Identification of data
1. Itoe of the respondent
2# Age
Je Sex
4« Education
a
5a Occupation
XI Nursery School
How is the nursery school functioning in your village
1«
a Satisfactory
b Good
c Not satisfactory
What is your opinion about the nursery school in your village
a Xi is useful to us
b Very much useful to us
c It is not useful to us
liow muny children are attending in the school
lit to 20
a
2$ to 30*'
b
3^> to 40
c
4p to 50
d
51 to 60
61 to 70
f
Do you want to continue the school in the future
Xea or No
If yas, spoclty
It no, specify
Do you liko to give any suggestion to ieprove the functioning of ike school
III Jton-fomsl school for school dropouts
How is the non-fomal school functioning in your village
a. Satisfactory
b. Good
c. Not satisfactory!
• •2.n
what is your opnion about the non^formal school in your village
It is useful to us
It is very much useful to us
A
b
c It is not useful to us
How many children are attending to the school
10 to 20
21 U 30
b
31 to 40
d 41 to 50
51 to 60
c
f 61 to 70
Bo you wish to continue the school in the future; yes or no
If yea specify or if no, specify
What ia the age levl of the students
a 1 to 10
b 11 to 20
c 21 to >
Do you We* to givo *qy^«aation to inprovo tko functioning of the school
What ia your involvanant in the functioning of the non-fomal school in your village
IV Adult eaucation Prograaee
hkat is your opinion about Ua adult aducaUon prograMn* in your viHa<o
la it uaaful for your villa<a.
a
Very much useful
Useful
c Not useful
b
Do you like the programme in future
If yes or no specify
Do you found wny improvement or change in the people after the programme
Give your suggestion to improve the progruMHi
V Leeder&Mip training
Did you lind a^y change in the participants
les or bo, specify
..•3)
£
•>
• •3.«
«kat is tbii type of leadership providing by the participante to the village
Do they initiate asy progrunme in your village
VI Farmers education
Did you participated in this programme Yes or No
Is it Useful to the farmers Yes or Nof specify
Do you want to participate again in such type of progronm
If yea once a year or twice a year
Did you found way change in farmers after this progrsmme
What are your suggestion to improve this px'OgramM
r.iitot did you gain froa this prograaMao
Health programmes!
Do you like the typo of health education programme which we are conducting
Do you notice aiy apooific inprov^aent in thio regard-*For exaople9
Immuni oation
Sanitation
Infant mortality
Personal hygen
balance diet
Ante natal and prenatal oare
General ^uestdonss
What are changes do you notice in the village lifo~for instance
Carterelation
Any improvement in the school attendance
Gaange in leadership
Political awareness
Status off women in the society
Do you notice aryr ia^rovenent in the people towards unhealthy practices
Yes or No specify
Ukat is your inpreasion about our involvement in your village?
Ill
e/''
Mow is Nursex^ School functioning In your village T
TNA
325
*
Satisfacroxy
172
52.93
Good
148
45.53
Not satisfactory
5
1.53
What la your opinion about the Vursory School In your vllla<a t
TNA
324
%
Useful
155
47.83
Vexy much useful
163
50.3
Not uaoful
6
1.85
Do you w.tuit to continue in the future ?
TNA
313
Xm
306
97.76
No
7
2.23
Reasons to continue
INA
Useful to the
children
To educate the
children
273
94
34.43
103
37.72
%
continuation of
children•s education
76
27.83
Do you like
to &iv« axv eufegeations to iatprove the functioning of the School ?
INA
272
Neoeasuiy material
245
90.07
%
NO »U4£«3ti(Ml
27
9.92
How is tiMii non~foraal school functioning in your village ?
TNA
352
A
Satisfactory
161
45*73
Sood
182
51.7
Not satisfaotoxy
9
2.56
Wkat is your opinion about tbo non-foml School in your villas* 7
TNA
353
£
Useful
176
49*^6
Vexy Buoh useful
177
50.13
Not useful
..2..
Do you wise to continue the sane in the future ?
No
INA
Xes
352
348
4
%
98.86
1.3
Keaaona to continue
INA
useful to
children
287
114
39.72
*
Great aMaranasa
To educate the
children
104
36.23
i
6?
24.04
What is your iovolvamant in tha function of the non«fonnal school in
your village ?
INA
312
No involveaent
45
14.42
%
Direct involvement
111
35.58
Indirect involvement
156
50
Do you like to t,iee aiv suffestion to Improve the functioning of the School T
Necessary materials
No sucgeaiion
INA
272
i
241
31
88.6
t
11.39
i
i
i
ADULT EDUCATZCfl
i
i
I
what is your opinion about the adult education progranme in your village 7
Negative opinion
Positive opinion
TNA
9
55
83.63
16.36
%
la it useful for your vHlafo ?
very aucJi useful
INA
%
39.28
22
Do you like
INA
57
%
useful
50
28
Not useful
10.7
6
the programme in the future ?
Ye.
No
57
100
—
”
—
3)
..3..
Du you found any i»prov««Mmt or cban^a in tho people after tie progrunno 7
TNA.
Positive oaanee
Notblnf
55
%
38
69.09
17
30.9
Give ^our suggestions to improve tMe progrssne ?
TNA
necessary Material
K© suggestion
46
85.18
54
%
D
8
14.8
THAlNINGf
Did you find ai^ oManaO in the participants 7
TNA
230
Yea
167
No
63
K
72.6
27.39
^a^l is-tav-Vpo of leaderadip pwvidint by Uo partlcipanta in Uo
No
25
22.12
m
I
113
88
%
77.88
initiate any prosraMiea in your village 7
TNa'
119
Yea
93
78.15
No
26
21.84
FAIiMURS EDUCATIONt
Do jou participated in U»ia pro<ra««o 7
TNA
58
Mo
42
’Hja
16
27.58
la it uao£Ul to the farsora 7
TNA
1
39
%
38
97.43
Mo
1
2.56
4)
Do you want to participate again in such type of prograianea 7
INA
XeO
42
42
X
100
gQ
If yes. One* a year or twice a year ?
IJiA
Once a year
42
4
%
n
9‘52
$
a
What do you <<J.ned free this progranae ?
knowledge about1**
agriculture
31
31
X
Twice a year
38
90.47
Nothing
100
what are your suggestions to improve this progranne t
or Do you like to give any suggosticns V
INA
Yes
»o
41
if
37
90.24
4
9.76
H^ LTH PKGGHAWji
bo you like th« typo of health education programme which we are oonductinc ?
'^NA
Useful
Not useful
234
231
3
93.71
1.28
Do you noticed ary specific improvement in this regard? For ex. T—mnlnation,
TNa
108
Jani. laid, on
INA
125
if
Xaprovad
No change
4
3.7
Ivprovinc
90
83.33
laprovod
3
2.4
Improving
104
83.2
NO chant*
18
Iscreaaod
1
Doereasinc
No chan<o
18
0.92
82.40
U
12.96
14.4
Infant
INA
1 38
89
16.67
Personal hygein
TNA
Improved
Xaproving
102
1
0.86
115
i
88.69
No change
12
10.43
li<*l-ncod diet
111
%
iiqproved
1
0.90
Improving
94
84.68
No change
16
Improving
97
No change
14.41
and antenatal car*
TIU
Improved
112
1
*
0.89
86.60
U
12.5
'.:UESTlC^>i
^hut change do you noticed in the village life ? For exi CMte relations.
INA
Changed
2
0.59
Changing
208
61.72
No change
127
37.68
Imp roved
Improving
CkaxJ4-in<
2
311
39
0.56
88.35
11.07
Political awartiujuss
TNA
Increased
I^creaAsing
337
5 choul attendance
INA
i
322
3
?
0.93
216
67.08
No change
103
11.99
5tatu* of woman in the society
TiVA
Improved
332
~
Improging
211
No change
121
—
63.55
36.44
to you noticed any improvement in the people towards unheallty practices?
INA
Yes
No
354
273
81
/
77.11
22.88
what is your impression about our involvement in your village?
TWA
397
%
laprovei^ent in education
63
15.86
overal develo.maent of village
160
40.30
Good
174
43.82
Position: 2658 (2 views)