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Sex Determination & Female Foeticide
Voluntary Health Association of India
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Sex Determination & Female Foeticide
Voluntary Health Association of India
INTRODUCTION
About the Flip Chart
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Why did we choose this issue ?
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This flip chart is about sex determination and female foeticide. This
would help sensitize health educators, teachers, ANMs, health workers
or development workers about the growing violence against women.
This flip chart is part of the campaign against sex determination, female
foeticide and violence against women.
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It was since 1982 that women and health groups started agitating
about increasing discrimination and violence against women, sex
linked abortion,misuse of medical technology e.g. amniocentesis and
ultra sound for sex determination.
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The census figures and other figures have shown a deterioration of
female ratio inspite of an act making sex determination for female
foeticide illegal. This flip chart is basically a simple tool to facilitate
discussion of the biases, fears, anxieties that women face and the
pressure put on them by the family members, and how issues of
discrimination and violence could be addressed.
The flip chart attempts to raise concerns related to women's physical,
mental, social, and economic security.
It is an attempt to address the existing biases, discrimination and
violence against women of which female foeticide is just one facet.
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How to use this flip chart
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Hold the flip chart to focus attention of the issue you want to discuss.
The use of the flip chart is basically to help draw attention of the
participants to the issue of sex determination female foeticide. This is
a very sensitive and emotional issue, ethical as well as legal issue.
Address it sensitively, listen to the views of others and their experiences.
Be respectful to what others have to say specially about their fears,
their pressures, their constraints and their views on approaches, and
action strategies to change mind set.
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§1
Educate yourself on these issues specially on matters related to legal
provisions, violence, dowry, guardianship, maintenance of children,
property rights, desertion and divorce.
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Is sex determination female foeticide taking place in your area ?
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Is sex determination female foeticide increasing ? why is it
increasing?
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Is it unethical or illegal or both ?
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Who is to blame ? In-laws ? Husband ? Woman herself ?
Society? Medical Doctors ?, Legal system ? Education system ?
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Is it because society is patriarchal (i,e it believes in male superiority
and female inferiority )
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Is a good human relationship, based on mutual respect and trust
possible ?
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Why is violence against women increasing ? (sex determination
female foeticide, sexual violence, dowry deaths, poisoning, burns
etc )
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Are you aware of efforts being made to address the above.
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Points for discussion and action
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PHYSICAL AND MENTAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
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IS INCREASING IN OUR SOCIETY AND SO IS
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DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.
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A SYMPTOM OF THIS SOCIAL PATHOLOGY AND PART
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FEMALE FOETICIDE AND FEMALE INFANTICIDE ARE
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OF THE SPECTRUM OF VIOLENCE WOMEN FACE
E.G.
DOWRY
DEATHS,
SUICIDES,
BURNS,
POISONING, ACID THROWING, RAPES, MENTAL
TORTURE, DENIAL OF MEDICAL TREATMENT AND
COMMUNICATION WITH HER FAMILY AND FRIENDS,
ISOLATION, NO RIGHT TO DECISION MAKING
ABOUT HER OWN LIFE AND HER OWN BODY
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IN MOST OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD THE
NUMBER OF 'GIRLS AND WOMEN' IS MORE THAN
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'BOYS AND MEN'Z BECAUSE OF THE NATURAL,
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BIOLOGICAL SURVIVAL ADVANTAGE OF FEMALES
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THERE IS ONLY ONE STATE IN OUR COUNTRY WHERE
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THERE ARE MORE WOMEN TO MEN AND THAT IS IN
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KERALA. HIGH LITERACY RATE OF WOMEN AND
HIGHER STATUS OF WOMEN IN THAT SOCIETY HAS
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SOMETHING TO DO WITH IT
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THIS
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IS
WORST
IN
NORTH
INDIAN
STATES
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DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB AND TAMIL NADU.
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THE SYSTEMATIC WORSENING OF THE SEX RATIO
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i.e.DECREASE IN NUMBER OF GIRLS IS A CAUSE OF
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GREAT CONCERN. IT REFLECTS INCREASE IN THE
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DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN.
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POPULATION
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ENCOURAGE AND RECOMMEND ONLY ONE CHILD,
CONTROL
PROGRAMME
THAT
PARENTS PREFER FOR THAT CHILD TO BE MALE.
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EVEN IF NUMBER OF WOMEN AND GIRLS SOMEWHAT
DECREASES THE RATIO OF GIRLS AND BOYS SHOULD
BE EQUAL i.e. HALF AND HALF - FIFTY FIFTY
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THE DECREASE IN NUMBER OF GIRLS AND WOMEN
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AND THE RATIO OF GIRLS BEING MUCH LESS THAN
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BOYS AND MEN, SHOWS THAT EITHER THEY ARE
DYING OR ARE BEING KILLED.
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WHY ARE THE GIRLS BEING KILLED ? SOME FAMILIES
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ARE AFRAID THAT THEY WILL HAVE TO PAY HUGE
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DOWRY WHICH THEY CANNOT AFFORD OR WOULD
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NOT LIKE TO PAY WHILE ON ONE HAND DOWRY IS
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IT IS THE
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STREEDHAN, WHICH IS FREELY GIVEN AS THE
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DAUGHTER'S SHARE TO HELP HER START HER NEW
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LIFE, GIVING AND DEMANDING
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PAYMENT OF
DOWRY IS ILLEGAL. IT IS FEAR OF HAVING TO GIVE
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ARE LOOKED UPON AS A LIABILITY BECAUSE OF THE
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DOWRY PRESSURE ON PARENTS. SOLUTION
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DOWRY THAT LEADS TO DISCRIMINATION AGAINST
GIRL CHILDREN AND EVEN FEMALE FOETICIDE. GIRLS
DEAL WITH
THE
DOWRY
TAKING AND GIVING OF
KILLING GIRLS.
PROBLEM
IS
TO
BY
REJECTING
DOWRY AND
NOT BY
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SOME FAMILIES TO KILL A NEW BORN IF SHE IS A GIRL,
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AS THEY FEAR THEY CAN NOT FEED ANOTHER
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IN SOME PARTS OF INDIA IT IS POVERTY THAT DRIVES
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MOUTH. IF THEY CAN FEED ONLY FEW MOUTHS THEY
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PREFER IT TO BE A SON, AS THEY THINK THAT THE
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SON WILL HELP THEM EARN AND PROVIDE SOCIAL
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SECURITY IN THEIR OLD AGE. STUDIES HAVE SHOWN
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THAT IT IS OFTEN THE DAUGHTERS WHO PROVIDE
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IN THEIR OLD AGE. THERE
ARE PARTS OF INDIA WHERE IT IS THE DAUGHTERS
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WHO INHERIT PARENTAL PROPERTY AND ARE ALSO
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RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TOTAL CARE OF THE PARENTS.
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THE WOMEN IN SUCH SOCIETIES ARE HIGHLY
RESPECTED.
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WITH INCREASE IN MATERIALISM, CONSUMERISM,
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GREED AND NON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ANTI
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DOWRY ACT, THE DEMANDS
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GIRLS AND ON THE GIRLS PARENTS IS INCREASING.
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AND PRESSURE ON
WITH THIS -IS INCREASING THE DISCRIMINATION
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AGAINST GIRL CHILDREN. IT IS IMPORTANT TO
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RECOGNIZE THE TRUE VALUE OF A GIRL AND HER
CONTRIBUTION TO HER HOME AND SOCIETY.
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BIRTH OF A BOY FOR SOME PARENTS MEANS DREAMS
OF GETTING DOWRY. THEY PLAN THEIR DEMANDS,
MAKE LISTS OF WHAT THEY WOULD WANT, EVEN
BEFORE THE BOY'S MARRIAGE. THE PRESSURE AND
EXPECTATIONS FROM THE BRIDE IN TERMS OF
GETTING VALUABLES ARE UNREALISTIC. THE THE
GREED IN SOCIETY IS INCREASING AND A CAUSE OF
GREAT SUFFERING TO WOMEN. WHY IS GREED
INCREASING IN OUR SOCIETY ?
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THE SEX OF THE MALE FOETUS IS DETERMINED BY
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THE 'Y' CHROMOSOME WHICH COMES FROM THE
FATHER - WHICH ONLY HE CAN GIVE. BLAMING THE
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4iodd, Pi^ddl^I cT^TT Sdcl^ilAcb
MOTHER FOR NOT PRODUCING A SON IS WRONG,
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CRUEL AND UNSCIENTIFIC.
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A LOT OF MENTAL PRESSURE IS PUT ON WOMEN TO
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PRODUCE A SON.
RIGHT THROUGH PREGNANCY
THEY ARE VERY ANXIOUS WHETHER THEY WILL HAVE
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A BOY OR GIRL.
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IT IS
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BECAUSE OF THIS ANXIETY THAT LARGE
NUMBER OF TESTS ARE BEING DONE TO DETERMINE
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THE SEX OF THE UNBORN BABY. THE IDEA IS TO
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TERMINATE THE PREGNANCY, IF THE FOETUS IS
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FEMALE. EARLIER IT WAS WITH AMNIOCENTESIS BUT
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NOW
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DETERMINATION
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IT
IS
WITH
ULTRASOUND
THAT
OF THE UNBORN FOETUS IS
DONE. USUALLY THE MALE AND FEMALE
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w w ■jw mj wh swi a^t tw war t arfar
SEX
GENITAL
ORGANS ARE SEEN IN THE ULTRASOUND TO
DETERMINE THE SEX OF THE CHILD. THIS IS REALLY
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POSSIBLE
arar t wa aafaaar ana aaaf ar w aiar ar aaw wkt
PREGNANCY. ABORTION DONE AT SUCH A LATE
ar i ■’^ph waar alct arpi aa ^’■h ara aw ar HqJ R^cii
STAGE CAN BE DANGEROUS.
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10
ONLY
AROUND
20
WEEKS
OF
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ABORTIONS DONE AFTER SEX DETERMINATION
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THROUGH ULTRA SOUND ARE USUALLY DELAYED.
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DELAYED ABORTIONS ARE DANGEROUS FOR THE
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MOTHER.
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ILLEGAL ABORTIONS ARE CONDUCTED BOTH IN
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URBAN AND RURAL AREAS. ABORTION SHOULD BE
TOC W it ife fen TOT fefe
nfer fefem
Tffer
CONDUCTED BEFORE 12 WEEKS FOR CLEAR
TOTT
REASONS, ACCEPTABLE UNDER THE MTP ACT.
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fe
TO SAVE THE LIFE OF THE MOTHER, INCASE OF RAPE
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OR IF THE CHILD IS CONGENITALLY MALFORMED,
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ETC.
ABORTION SHOULD BE CONDUCTED BY TRAINED
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PERSONS IN A LICENSED HYGIENIC CLINIC OR
ttwt ^fife
HEALTH
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fe
WTd fe ai fefid
Eg.
FACILITY.
UNHYGIENICALLY
DONE
ABORTIONS CAN INFECT WOMEN'S INTERNAL
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ORGANS, MAKING IT DIFFICULT FOR THEM TO
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CONCEIVE.
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6
to to to to 6> 6 6^6-6^ <
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TO DO SEX DETERMINATION TESTING WITH THE AIM
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OF DOING FEMALE FOETICIDE IF FOUND TO BE A
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GIRL IS ILLEGAL BESIDES BEING UNETHICAL.
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DOCTORS CONDUCTING THIS CAN BE FINED FOR
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Rs.10,000
fafa vn ww^wfw wn tfa wfaww
INCREASING TO Rs. 50,000 FINE AND 5 YEARS IN
50 W W W fa WT VI fal chRldKl fa WI
JAIL FOR 2ND CONVICTION. A WOMAN SEEKING
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FIRST
SUCH A TEST IS ALSO
fafa fa fafa fa
CHARGE.
WITH
THIS
GUILTY AND CAN ALSO BE
FINED AND PUT IN JAIL AND, SO ALSO THE FAMILY
fat t sfa fa fa sfav fa a§n fa fat w fa wit
MEMBERS PRESSURIZING HER CAN BE JAILED AND
11 far wt w wfa fa vz fa wfa fat fa fafa
fa v far fat <4'311 fa war
FOR
FINED.
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PUNISHING OF THE
WOMAN UNDERGOING SEX
DETERMINATION FEMALE FOETICIDE IS CONSIDERED
w ^n wn fa fan R fa fawn fat fa wfa
VICTIMIZING OF THE VICTIM BY MANY PEOPLE WHO
fat fat fat fafa fafafa fat fat W fa WJHR
FEEL THAT MANY
WOMEN ARE VICTIMS OF
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CIRCUMSTANCES, ON WHICH THEY HAVE NO
fat faff fatffafa an ffaz fafa t
CONTROL. THEY ARE FORCED TO UNDERGO SEX
far 3wi srfa fafan sfa fah r< fat^ fawn fat fan
DETERMINATION FEMALE FOETICIDE BECAUSE OF
t, sfa far wit ^yr w fa
FAMILY PRESSURE.
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fafa WR fa ffa
fa ffai fawn fat
ffam Wn t; fafffa RR RT
wifa an w fan 11
13
b b b q b g» b o o o b b u 6 u 6 b 4 6 & 6 6 6 q 6 6 b 6 6 6
6 6 & 4 444 4
Some other VHAi’s resource materials on women’s health & gender concerns
FLIP CHARTS
Infertility
Prevent Unsafe Abortion
Sex determination and female foeticide
Post Natal Care
Who Determines
the* Sex’ of your child?
POSTERS
Violence against women
Infertility
Gender sensitivity
Male responsibility
Uterine prolapse
Pai-eniing is a I
Shared Experience v Sex Determination &
Female foeticide
you can't be a father
DON'T
Kats
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♦ Reproductive and Child Health Kit
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Voluntary Health Association of India
Tong Swasthya Bhawan
40, Institutional Area, South of l.l.T, New Delhi-110 016
Phone : 6518071/72, 6515018, 69615871, 6962953
Fax: 011-6853708, Email: vhai@del2.vsnl.net.in
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