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COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
e<?nnoi
HEALTH, NUTRITION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
An Introduction
A Note on the Sections/Series
Nutrition
Health,
and
Section I.
Agricultural Development and
Environmental Relationships
Series
A
Agriculture/Agricultural Development/Rural Development
B
Agricultural Development and Environment
C
Agricultural Development and Nutrition
D
Agricultural Development and Health
Section II.
Health
of
Farmers/Agri cultural
Workers/Agricultural
Communities
11
E
Health of Farmers/Agricultural Workers
F
Health Hazards
Workers/Work
G
Health of Plantation Workers/Plantation Medicine
H
Farmers and Communicable Diseases including Zoonoses
I
Farmers and Agrochemical Hazards
J
Farmers and Cancer
K
Farmers and Respiratory Diseases
L
Farmers and Some Other Diseases
included in H - K)
M
Farming Accidents/Hazards of Mechanization
N
Physiology in Agriculture
Occupational
ergonomic aspects and work capacity)
0
Women and Child Workers and Health Issues
Section III.
P
I
of Specific Groups
of Agricultural
(other than
those
(including
Occupational Heal th and Safety
Health/Safety/Welfare/Legi siati on/Issues
Occupational
in Agriculture
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This document is one of the outcomes of a year spent at the London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine from October 1986 to September
1987.
First and foremost. I acknowledge the Ross Institute of Tropical
Hygiene and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, for
the Fellowship which made this work possible.
A very special thanks to Professor David Bradley, Head of Division of
Communicable Diseases at the London School for arranging this
Fellowship; for providing many opportunities during the year to
discuss the assignments; and for making available all the supportive
facilities.
Many resource persons and centres in U.K., India and other parts of
the world responded to a note which I sent about the assignment in
November last year.
I acknowledge their participatory response and
interest.
At the School
Professor Richard Feacham and Dr Roger Webber (Department of Tropical
Public Health), Professor MGR Varma and Dr Colin Leake (Department
of Entomology), Dr Philip Payne, Ms Barbara Harriss and Mr Simon
Strickland (Department of Nutrition), Mr Kris Heggenhougen (Evaluation
and Planning Centre).
In U.K.
Professor L J Bruce-Chwatt and Professor E H 0 Parry (Wellcome
London), Dr
Foundation) , Dr David Morley (Institute of Child Health, London)
David Nabarro (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine), Dr David Coggon
(MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit), Margot A Bellamy (Commonwealth
Bureau of Agricultural Economics), Suzanne Futsukian (Appropriate
Health Resources and Technology Action Group [AHRTAG, London]), Joan E
Turner (Oxfam [Oxford]) and Dr R D Verschoyle of MRC Toxicology Unit,
Carshalton.
In India
Anil Aggarwal (Centre for Science and Environment); Binoy Acharya
(Society for Participatory Research in Asia); Dr C R Ramachandran
(Indian Council of Medical Research); Dr C S Pandav (Centre for
Community Medicine, All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences);
Voluntary Health Association of India and Indian Social Institute all in New Delhi.
Dr S K Kashyap (Director, National Institute of Occupational Health,)
Ahmedabad.
Dr Prakash Shetty (Department of Physiology, St Johns Medical
College); Dr C B R Sridhar (Department of Medicine, St Johns Medical
College); Dr H Rajmohan (Regional Occupational Health Centre - ICMR);
Dr M S Shivakumar (Centre for Non formal and Continuing Education);
all from Bangalore.
Dr V C Talwakar (B J Hospital for Children), Bombay; Dr Dalip Mukharji
(Christian Medical Association of India), Nagpur; Community Health
Department of Catholic Hospital Association of India, Hyderabad; Dr
Dhrur Mankad, (Medico friend circle) Nipani.
Other Regions
Professor W 0 Phoon (Department of Social Medicine and Public Health,
University of Singapore); Asia Pacific Peoples Environmental Network
(Malaysia); Dr Richard Laing (Ministry of Health, Zimbabwe); Food and
International Labour Organisation
Agriculture Organisation (Rome);
and International Catholic Child Bureau in Geneva.
Professor Herbert Abrams (Health Services Centre, University of
Arizona); American Friends Service Committee, Philadelphia; Highlander
Research and Education Centre, Tennessee and Dr Salim Yusuf, National
Institute of Health, Bethesda, all in the U.S.A.
A word of thanks to Mr John Eyres of the London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine Library for thehelp in making on line searches of
various data bases for the bibliography.
*****
Grateful acknowledgement to Ms Sheila Giles and Ms Julia Mitchell, of
the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, for their
excellent support in typing ‘ the manuscripts and providing the
secretarial assistance that such an assignment entailed.
INTRODUCTION
The World Health Organization's Sixth Report on the world health
situation
(1973-1977) noted that 'throughout the world and
particularly in the developing countries, the majority of the work
force is engaged in Agriculture. Agricultural workers have a great
many health problems, some of which are the results of work hazards.
These facts are often forgotten because of the widespread
misconception that occupational heal th is concerned mainly with
industry and industrialised countries and because of the lack of
adequate information about health problems in agriculture'.
This
paucity of research on the occupational health problems of
agricultural workers is only one dimension of the problem.
The other dimension of the problem is related to the mode of
agricultural development particularly in the post World-War II era,
a significant feature of which has been the 'modernization' of
traditional agricultural practices. This 'modernization' package
has usually meant a combination of the following:
construction
of
of high yielding varieties of seeds for food
and
Improvement of irrigation facilities by the
dams, canal systems and reservoirs;
Introduction
cash crops:
Increased use of agrochemicals - fertilisers,
herbicides;
pesticides and
A genetic upgrading of livestock as well as intensive livestock
farming;
Increasing mechanisation of Agricultural practices;
A shift from subsistence economy to a cash economy including
often a shift from produce for local use to produce for the
urban market and for export;
An extension of land use by deforestation and land
practices;
upgradation
A diversion of land resources for the generation of raw
materials (plant based) for the concomitant industrialization.
While the overall objectives of this modernization package were to
improve the gross national produce of the country, move towards
greater food self sufficiency, and improve the living conditions and
purchasing capacity of the rural people, the experience of this form
of agricultural development, has resulted in many unintended social,
economic, environmental and health related effects which are only
being recognised of late. These effects include
the dangers of pesticide use and overuse;
the changing patterns in the environment, vector ecology and
disease epidemiology especially vector-borne diseases and the
arboviruses;
the increase in disabling accidents;
the changes including often the deterioration in the quantity
and quality of the local diet;
the economic marginalization of the rural poor;
the dangers of food related toxins especially the mycotoxins.
and so on.
These effects are intrinsically related to the scale in which many
I
of these measures were promoted and to the inadequacies of the
socio-cultural adaptation that such 'technology transfer' from the
West, engendered. Much of this technological innovation arose in
the West in response to a combination of factors - labour shortages
in rural areas due to rapid urban industrial development, social
l
control of agricultural land and so on. The same factors did not
always operate in the developing country situation.
A comprehensive overview of the Health of Agricultural workers and
communities must therefore not only include the
rural agricultural
<
physical^ chemical, biological, mechanical and psycho-social hazards
of the Agricultural environment per se but also, study it in the
context of the dynamics of agricultural development and the changes
in the nature and quality of the agricultural environment in recent
decades.
The Bibliography
As an ad hoc sabattical assignment at the London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine (1986-87) I have attempted such a preliminary
review (separate report). An additional outcome of this assignment
has been the evolution of a bibliography, covering the main areas in
the relationships between Agricultural Development and the Health
and Nutrition of agricultural workers and rural communities.
This bibliography evolved as a result of three processes
during the assignment:
initiated
a)
A Note outlining various aspects of the "Health and Agriculture
- intersectoral relationships" was prepared in November 1986
(Appendix A) and circulated to a number of reseachers and
research centres (Appendix B). They were requested to respond
to the note and send suggestions of materials, that should be
included and additional comments.
b)
A computer search of three data bases was undertaken in
and
November 1986.
These were Medline,
ILO (CISDOC)
Librarians
The
Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau (CAB) bases,
of International Labour Organisation (Geneva) and Food and
lists of
Agriculture Organization (Rome) also provided
references from their data bases.
c)
A library search of key references - books, monographs and
review articles was undertaken and additional cross referencing
was done.
The references were put on a card index system and then reclassified
into 16 subdivisions (Series A to P), to provide the tentative
1
framework for the present bibliography. Each series is on
disc and can be updated from time to time.
a
data
Briefly the scope and content of the 16 series of the bibliography
are as follows:
A =
This includes overviews of Agricultural and rural development
particularly in developing countries, focussing on farming
economics, sociology of rural change, agricultural production,
peasant organisations and the 'Green Revolution*.
B =
This includes reports on the effects of Agricultural
development on the environment particularly in South East Asia
especially India, and in the United Kingdom highlighting the
similarities and differences between developed/developing
country experiences.
C =
This includes explorations of various aspects of the
Food,
Development,
relationship
between Agricultural
Nutritional status and Malnutrition.
D =
This includes the broad issues related to health, consequent to
agricultural develolpment policies - Irrigation and health,
changes in vector ecology and disease epidemiology, food
toxins, effects of HYV's, population migration and so on.
E =
These include descriptive accounts as well as Mortality and
morbidity studies of farmers and agricultural workers,
Occupational health surveys from Asia, Africa, Europe and USA
are also included.
F =
As a supplement to the studies included in 'E* this series
includes all references that focus on specific type of
activity or hazards of specific crops or
agricultural
'specialist* farmers.
G =
Since Plantations have both an agricultural/industrial
connotation and historically and currently operate somewhat
on
differently
from
peasant
agriculture,
studies
health/occupational health of plantation labour have been
alloted a separate section.
H =
Infectious and parasitic diseases particularly the» zoonoses
in the
form the chief component of the biological1 hazards
I.-- J
included
in
this
section.
agricultural environment and are ;----- ... -- —
I =
This section deals with all aspects of chemical hazards ini the
agricultural environment particularly fertilizers, pesticides
|
and herbicides.
J =
This section concentrates on the 'cancer problem' in the
agricultural communities particularly related to the long term
section
This
hazards
of increased agrochemcj^l
use.
c_
supplements the previous one.
K =
Respiratory hazards form a major group of hazards and are
In addition to Farmers' lung which
covered in this chapter,
has received much attention, a wide range of other respiratory
diseases is included.
L = This section brings together all the other disease problems
not included in the Sections H - K. Skin diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascualr disease, Endemic goitre,
Not a satisfactory grouping but
bites and alcoholism.
each group was initially too small to be alloted a separate
section.
M = This section includes reports of studies of farming accidents
and the hazards of mechanization and draws from case reports
and surveys in both Asia and the Western industrial nations.
N =
This section includes a wide range of Occupational physiology
studies in Agricultural work focussing on energy expenditure,
work capacity and productivity and ergonomics. The effects of
specific diseases on these dimensions is also included.
0 = This section brings together some aspects of the health and
related problems of women workers in agriculture and child
'workers'. This focus has been inadequately researched and is
gaining ground only in recent years.
P = This section brings together a wide range of articles and
reports on occupational health and safety issues in Agriculture
particularly pertinent to occupational health services, welfare
facilities, social security and legislation.
From a persual of the bibliography it will become obvious that the
occupational health of agricultural workers as well as the health
effects of agricultural development policies are both areas of
study, receiving increasing attention only since the seventies,
though even the existing research effort is hardly commensurate with
the magnitude of the problem or the magnitude of the population at
risk.
While "Farmers' lung" has received worldwide attention since the
sixties, the acute and chronic hazards of agrochemical use and the
increasing incidence of occupational accidents consequent to
mechanization have begun to be studied only since the seventies.
Infectious and parasitic diseases particularly the zoonoses, have
received increasing attention in the 'Developing World' while in the
'Developed World' with its capital intensive farming, the increasing
risk of cancer in agricultural communities is becoming a major
focus.
In all parts of the world the environmental degradation,
consequent to agricultural development and expansion is being
recognised as a 'crisis' situation.
In Asia, particularly, the
unintended economic, social and health related effects of the so
called 'Green Revolution' and particularly the changing pattern of
arboviral infections due to spread of irrigation and rice farming
are becoming a cause of concern.
Most of the studies have followed the orthodox 'reductionist'
medical research approach of studying individual diseases and
hazards and attempting to identify multiple risk factors associated
with each disease or hazard.
While it is advantageous, from the
'orthodox research' point of view to study problems this way - a
major lacunae in this approach is that it does not reflect the
complexity of the actual experiences of farmers and agricultural
communities,
together.
who
in
reality experience multiple
problems
all
Agricultural communities are not homogenous groups, but in reality
are heterogenous, and stratified by scoio-economic status, land
ownership and socio-cultural factors.
Different sections of the
community experience health and nutrition problems to varying
development
Social processes including agricultural
extents.
disease/hazard
policies further modify this multi-problem,
experience through the graded social benefits and opportunities they
provide to different sections.
Environmental and socio-economic
changes brought about by major policy shifts create new health risks
and disease patterns that further complicate this mosaic of
experiences in agricultural communities.
Present
day research methodologies seldom address these
Notwithstanding the methodological complexities of
complexities,
studying a mosaic of problems at the community level, a much more
wholistic approach to study of the situation is urgently required.
Contending with the limitations of the present epidemiological
approaches there is need for tentative experimentation with new
approaches to data collection and analysis.
Researchers in nutrition, in recent years particularly, have begun
to focus on the broader links between nutritional
status,
agricultural development and social processes affecting rural life
as is exemplified by some of the studies and reports included in the
bibliography.
By shifting the focus of the hypothesis from a study
of 'disease processes' to a study of 'social processes' of which
diseases or health and nutritional status are but symptoms, a deeper
understanding of the problem is beginning to emerge.
Such an
exploration which is both multidisciplinary and intersectoral
prevent Health and Nutrition from becoming trapped in a severely,
More of such
disease oriented, intracellular, medical model.
efforts will hopefully generate a more meaningful understanding of
this multi-problem social reality,
thereby generating policy
alternatives for its amelioration.
Another newly developing trend is the movement beyond the
objective/subjective dichotomy to a more integrated view of
community experience, and the evolution of a participatory, problem
solving approach based in the community and arising out of a long
term interaction between health and development action initiators.
researchers and the farming community, Such a methodology which has
been termed 'interactive' and 'participatory* is an increasing
recognition of the value of 'experiential knowledge' as opposed to
knowledge' and the increasing
appreciation of
'experimental
involving the farmer (worker) and or the community in problem
Many of these trends and issues are discussed in
solving research,
detail in a separate overview document to which the present
bibliography will form a companion volume.
However, it is hoped that this bibliography will, by itself, help to
provide a 'baloonist view' of the complexity of the relationship
between agricultural development, health and nutrition and support
the growing interest in this important but much neglected area.
Recent meetings in the Asian region have identified 'agricultural
occupational health' as a first on the list of priorities for
collaborative research, and have stressed that occupational health
r
services for agricultural workers requires further attention and
efforts (
).
Similarly a comprehensive review article on the
Health Effects of Agricultural production from a 'developed country'
note that 'public health and the field of occupational health have
been slow to develop an analysis of agricultural health hazards, and
have barely noted the impact of industrialization on the nature of
agricultural work itself ... The health effects of such change have
been studied in urban populations, but rarely in agriculture,
despite a wealth of anecdotal evidence that the impact has been
profound. This paucity of research has had a particularly crippling
effect on attempts to regulate agricultural practices' (
).
Significantly agricultural occupational health is being perceived
gradually as a priority area in both 'developed' and 'developing
countries' and will become an important area of collaborative
research in the years to come.
A bibliography such as this is only the beginning of a process, and
is offered to all those researchers who are interested in these
areas of research, to use and to build upon and enlarge.
It is
hoped that this 'pilot' project will help to initiate further
interest in the topic and that a more comprehensive and truly global
bibliography can emerge in the future by an increasing collectivity
of efforts.
It is important to clarify that the present bibliography is heavily
weighted towards English language literature,
which actually
introduces an unacceptable bias, especially in a topic such as this,
since many other language regions of the world, where relevant work
has been done?get excluded.
This bibliography needs to be expanded
to include key articles/studies reported in other language
literature as wel 1.
In addition the degree of exploration of each sub-section is
somewhat variable, a manifestation of both a time constraint as well
as accessibility to relevant literature.
Both these lacunae could
be overcome if further definite, support for improvement of this
pilot bibliography were forthcoming.
For the present however, this bibliography is released as a
definitive outcome of a year of reflection, during a sabattical
assignment, and it is hoped that mechanisms will be available to
reach it to all those who are interested in this area of research.
A
Agriculture/Agricultural Development/Rural Development
Alexander, K. C. (1981) Peasant organisations in South India.
Social Institute, New Delhi.
Indian
Aminul Islam, M. (1980) Learning from real-life problems. Functional
Education in Bangladesh. FAO, Rome Italy. January 1980
- A
Arrighi, G. (1970) Labour supplies in historical perspective,
study in the proletarianization of the African peasantry in
Rhodesia. Journal of Development Studies, 6, 3.
Barraclough, L.,
L.» Galtung et al (1974) Politics and Development.
Ceres, London, UK, 7(5) p.7-50. (World Agr. Econ. & Rural Soc.
Abs. 0R017 - 01138.)
Baztarrica, J. (1983) Agricultural Workers.
In:
Encyclopedia of
Occupational Health and Safety. Volume I, IL0, Geneva.
Boesen Jannik, Havnevik Kjell, J., Koponen Juhani and Odgaard Rie.
(1986)
Tanzania -Crisis and struggle for
survival.
Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala.
Brandt, H. (1974) Promotion of agricultural self employment, Labour
German
supply and subsidy problems.
Occasional
papers,
Development Institute (GDI) Berlin.
No 22 (1974) p.47pp (World
Agr Econ and Rural Soc Abs 0R018 - 00142.)
Budlender, Debbie (1984) Technological change and labour on 'white'
farms. South African Review II. South African Research Service,
Ravan Press, Johannesburg.
Calkins, P. H.
(1978)
Labour and other input availability in
Acta
determining vegetable production technology in Asia.
___
Horticulturae, 77
,
331
340.
(World
Agr
Econ
and
Rural
Soc
Abs
77,
OR020 - 06924)
Why didnt the American Indians domesticate sheep?
Carr, C. (1977)
Origins
of Agriculture. The Hague, The Netherlands. Mouton
In:
Publishers, 1977, p.637-691. (Arid Lands Abs - 0Z001 - 00614)
Coombs, P. H. et al (1980) Meeting the basic needs of the rural poor.
The integrated community-based approach.
New York, U.S.A.;
Pergamon Press for International Council for Educational
Development, 1980.
(Rural Develop Abs - 2R004 - 01437.
Rural
Educ, Ext and Training Abs 1R004 - 00626).
Davey, B., Josling., T. E and McFarquhar, A.
the State. MacMillan.
(1976)
Agriculture and
Desai, A. R. (1985) Changing profile of rural society in India. C G
Shah Memorial Trust publication (7) Jayakutir, Taikal wadi Road,
Mahem P.O. Bombay 400016, (India).
Desai, A. R. (1985) A new policy for rural development in south and
south east Asia - its sinister significance.
(with special
reference to India). C G Shah Memorial Trust, publication (8).
Djurfeldt,
G. and Lindberg, S.
(1974)
Behind Poverty.
Scandinavian
Institute for Asian Studies, monograph.
Djurfeldt,
G. and Lindberg, S. (1974)
Pills against Poverty.
Scandinavian Institute for Asian Studies, monograph.
Edholm, 0. G. (1967) The biology of work.
Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
World University Library,
the
El Ghonemy, M. R. (1983) Trends inin growth with equity for
Near
East
alleviation of rural poverty in the
countries.
Rural
FAO/ECWA Regional
intergovernmental consultation on
Development in the Near East Region, FAO. Rome.
El Hamamsy, L., Garrison, J. (1979) Human settlements on new lands:
The American University in Cairo
their design and development.
Press, Cairo, Egypt. (1979) (World Agr Econ and Rural Soc Abs
0R023 - 00871. Rural Develop Abs 2R004 - 00118.)
FAO (1962)
FAO Africa Survey.
FAO, Rome.
Agricultural organisations and economic
Flores, Xavier (1971)
social development in rural areas. ILO, Geneva.
Ghee,
and
L. T., Sajogyo Fonseka, C - de De Fonseka, C. Abas-Manopo, A.
Rashid, N. A. Hong, E. Paireepinath, L. Sajogyo, P. Espintu, A.
C. Yamane, H. Diokno, J. W. Nasution, A. B. Lalisang, E. Peng, K.
K. Ganapin,
D. J. Jr.
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Rural Development and human
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Seminar in Penang,
December, 1981. (Rural Develop Abs 2R006 - 02523)
The tropical world - its social and economic
Gourou, P. (1980)
London, UK Longman (no Ed)
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Rural
(World Agr Econ and Rural Soc Abs 0R023 - 06537.
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Greenland, D. J. (1975) Bringing the Green revolution to the shifting
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The
Griffin,
K. (1974)
MacMillan, London.
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economy of Agrarian
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An
The agricultural systems of the World.
Grigg, D. B. (1974)
Cambridge,
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Educ,
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&
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I.L.O.
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I.L.O.
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____
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developing countries: 1. W.H.O. Chronicle 33, 399-406.
Wilson
Francis,
Kooy Al ide and Hendrie Delia (Ed) (1977)
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labour in South Africa.
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SECTION I:
B = Agricultural Development and Environment
Bayliss-Smith, Timothy P and Feacham, Richard (1977) Subsistence and
survival - rural ecology in the Pacific. Academic Press, London.
Bhagat,
Mukkaram (1982)
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C.I.T.E. (Centre for Information, Technology and
Education), Bombay, India.
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deforestation - an annotated bibliography.
Freshwater
Biological Association, Ambleside Occasional Publication No.
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C.S.E. (1982)
The state of India's environment
Centre for Science and the
citizens report.
(1982), New Delhi.
- 1982.
A
environment
The
C.S.E. (1985)
The state of India's environment 1984-85.
second Citizen's report.
Centre for Science and the
environment, New Delhi.
Carson, Rachel (1982)
Silent Spring.
Fawcell Publications, USA.
Centre for Education and Documentation (1982) Operation Flood development or dependence.
A Cite (Centre for Information,
Technology and Education) publication.
CED, 3 Suleman
Chambers, 4 Battery Street, Behind Regal Cinema, Bombay 400039, India.
Countryside Commission (1984) (UK)
second look.
Agricultural landscapes:
A
(Italy) and Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies,
Dacca (Bangladesh) (1980) Forest communities practising
the case study of Bangladesh.
Task
shifting cultivation:
Force, population in Asian forest communities practising
shifting cultivation.
F.A.O.
Fernandes, Walter and Kulkarni Sharad (1983) (Eds) Towards a new
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Indian Social Institute, New Delhi.
Forestry Commission (UK) (1984)
Broadleaved Woodlands.
Agriculture and environmental research,
H.M.S.O. (UK) (1984)
The House of Lords Select Committee on Science and
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H.M.S.O. (UK) (1984) Agriculture and the environment.
The
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Karnataka - State of Environment
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SECTION I:
C = Agricultural Development and Nutrition
Annegers, J. F. (1973) Seasonal food shortages in W. Africa.
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Bang, Abhay (1982) Minimum wages - need for fair reward to labour in
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Hoar, S. K., Hoover, R. (1985) Truck driving and bladder
mortality in rural New England. JNCI, 74(4), 771-4.
in
cancer
Hoar, S. K., Blair, A., Holmes, F. F. Boysen, C. 0., Robel, R. J.,
Hoover, R., Fraimeni, J. F. (Jr) (1986) Agricultural herbicide
use and risk of lymphoma and soft tissue sarcoma.
JAMA,
256(9), 1141-7.
Testis cancer
Jensen, 0. M., Olsen, J. H., Osterlind, A. (1984)
risk among farmers in Denmark (letter) Lancet, 1 (8380), 794.
Jensen, 0 M., Olsen, J. H., Osterlind, A., Brown, L. M., Pottern, L.
M. (1984) Testicular cancer and farming. Lancet, i_ (8390).
Kvale, G., Bjelke, E., Heuch, I. (1986) Occupational exposure
lung cancer risk. Int. J. Cancer, 37(2), 185-93.
and
Lee, H. P. (1984) Cancer incidence in Singapore by occupational
groups. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore, 13(2 suppl), 366-70.
Linos, A., Kyle, R. A., O-Fallon, W. M., Kurland, L. T. (1980) A
case control study of occupational exposures and leukemia.
Int. J. Epidemiol, 9(2), 131-5.
Mancuso, T. F. (1982) Epidemiological study of tumors of the
central nervous system in Ohio. Ann. NY Acad Sci 381, 17-39.
McCabe, M., Nowak, M., Hamilton, R., Hartshorn, P. (1984)
Cancer of
lymphatic tissues in cane-growing areas of Queensland.
J. Aust. 141(7), 412-4.
Med.
McDowall, M. E. and Balarajan, R. (1986)
Testicular
cancer
mortality ini England and Wales, 1971-80:
variations by
occupation. J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health, 40, 26-29.
McGlashan, N. D. (1969) Oesophageal cancer and alcoholic spirits in
Central Africa. Gut, 10, 643-50.
Milham, S. (Jr) (1971) Leukemia and multiple myeloma
Am. J. Epidemiol, 94(4), 507-10.
in
farmers.
Mills, P. K., Newell, G. R., Johnson, D. E. (1984)
Testicular
cancer associated with employment in agriculture and oil and
natural gas extraction. Lancet, i (8370), 207-10.
Mommsen, S., Aagaard, J., Sell, A. (1983) An epidemiological study
of bladder cancer in a predominantly rural district.
Scand.
J. Urol. Nephrol., 17(3), 307-12.
Muir, C. S. and Demaret, E. (1983) Occupational cancer - statistics
and registration. EOHS, Vol I, IL0, Geneva.
NIOSH, USA (1973)
occupation.
A retrospective survey of cancer in relation
to
NIOSH. USA (1977)
occupation.
A retrospective survey of cancer in relation
to
Nastac, E., Predescu, E., Stoian, M., Chira, M., Hozoc, M., Suru,
M., Ibric, L., Elefterescu, A. (1978) Investigations on the
incidence of complement fixing antibodies to the avian group
specific ("gs") sarcoma-leukosis antigen in fowl farm workers.
Virologie, 29(1), 41-5.
Olsen, J. H., Jensen, 0. M., Gallagher, R. P., Threlfall, W. J.
(1984)
Nasal cancer and chlorophenols, (1) Cancer and
occupational exposure to chlorophenols. Lancet, ii (8393), 4748.
Pearce, N. E., Smith, A. H., Fisher, D. 0. (1985)
Malignant
lymphoma and mutliple myeloma linked with agricultural
Am.
occupations in a new Zealand cancer registry-based study.
J. Epidem, 121(2), 225-37.
Pearce, N. E., Sheppard, R. A., Howard, J. K., Erase, J., Lilley, B.
M. (1986) Leukemia among New Zealand agricultural workers - a
cancer registry based study. Am. J. Epidemiology, 124(3), 402-
9.
Pukkala,
E., Teppo, L., Hakulinen, T., Rimpela,
M.
Occupation and smoking as risk determinants of lung
Int. J. Epidemiol, 12(3), 290-6.
(1983)
cancer.
Purde, M., Rahu, M. (1979) Cancer patterns in the oil shale area of
the Estoria S. S. R. Envi ron. Heal th Perspect., 30, 209-10.
Rothschild,
H.,
Mulrey, J. J. (1982)
An increased risk
for
lung
cancer mortality associated with sugar
68(5), 755-60.
cane
farming.
JNCI,
Schimpff, S. C., Schimpff, C. R., Brager, D. M., Wiernik, P. H.
(1975)
Leukaemia and lymphoma patients interlinked by prior
social contact. Lancet, 1 (7899), 124-9.
Schumacher, M. C. (1985) Farming occupations and mortality from
non-Hodgkins lymphoma in Utah. A case control study.
J.
Occup. Med, 27(8), 580-4.
Sewell, G. M., Castle, S. P., Hull, H. F., Wiggin, C. (1986)
Testicular cancer and employment in agriculture and oil and
natural gas extraction. Lancet, i_ (8480).
Simonato, L. and Saracci,
Vol I, ILO, Geneva.
R. (1983)
Occupational
cancer.
EONS,
Spitzer, W. 0., Hill, G. B., Chambers, L. W., Helliwell, B. E.,
Murphy, H. B. (1975) The occupation of fishing as a risk
New England Journal of Medicine
factor in cancer of the lip. _
(Boston) 293/9, 419-424. [CIS 76-476]
Occupational
Stemhagen, A., Slade, J., Alman, R., Bill, J. (1983)
risk factors and liver cancer - a retrospective case control
study of primary liver cancer in New Jersey. Am. J. Epidemiol,
117(4), 443-54.
Tollerud, D. J., Brinton, L. A., Stone, B. J., Tobacman, J. K.,
Blattner, W. A. (1985) Mortality from multiple myeloma among
North Carolina furniture workers. JNCI, 74(4), 799-801.
Viadana,
Med
E., Bross, I. D. (1972)
1(4), 513-21.
Leukemia and occupations.
Prev.
Wilklund, K., Holm, L. E. (1986) Soft tissue sarcoma risk in
Swedish agricultural and forestry workers. JNCI, 76(2), 22934.
Zaldivar, R., Robinson, H. (1973) Epidemiological investigation on
stomach cancer mortality in Chileans: associations with nitrate
fertilizers. Z-krebsforsch, 80(4), 289-95.
SECTION II
Series K = Farmers and Respiratory Diseases
Alzuhiar, Y. S. and Cinkotai, F. F. (1977) Ventilatory function
workers exposed to tea and wood dust. Med.Sci. Microbiol,
190-94.
in
5,
Andrews, B. E., Major, R., Palmer, S. R. (1981)
poultry workers. Lancet, i (8221), 632-4.
in
Ornithosis
Babbott, F. L. (Jr), Gump, D. W., Sylwester, D. L., MacPherson, B.
Respiratory symptoms and
1 ung
V., Holly, R. C. (1980)
functions in a sample of Vermont dairymen and industrial
workers. Am. J. Public Health, 70(3), 241-5.
Baker, M. D. et al (19 ) Lung functions in sisal rope makers.
J. Industr. Med, 36, 216-19.
Br.
Barnes, R. (1974) Industrial chest diseases.
Occup. Medicine, UK, 24(3), 96-103.
of
Blyth, W. (1973) Farmers lung disease.
Ser., 2, 261-76.
Journal of Soc.
Soc. Appl. Bacteriol. Symp.
Boyd, D. H. (1971) The incidence of farmers
Scott. Med. J. 16(5), 261-2.
lung
in Caithness.
Boyd, G., Parratt, D. (1974) Improved diagnosis of farmers lung
using the fluorescent antibody technique. Thorax, 29(4), 41720.
Boyer, R. S., Klock, L. F., Schmidt, C. D., Hyland, L., Maxwell, K.,
Gardner, R. M., Renzetti, A. D. (1974) Hypersensitivity lung
disease in the turkey raising industry. American Review of
Respiratory Disease, 109(6), 630-635.
Braun, S. R., Do Pico, G. A., Tsiastis, A., Horvath, E., Dickie, H.
A., Rankin, J. (1979)
Farmers lung disease:
long-term
clinical
and physiologic outcome.
American
Review of
Respiratory Diseases (New York) 119(2), 185-191. [CIS 79-1129]
Bryant, D. H., Weston, W., Burns, M. W. (1973) The diagnosis of
farmers lung. Medical Journal of Australia, 2(13), 642-645.
Bunn, P. A., Wilson, J. R. (1965)
Farmers lung.
Introduction.
Identification study. NY State J Med, 65(24), 3013-5.
Constantine, J. M. (1965) Farmers lung as observed in chest
clinics. NY State J Med, 65(24) 3015-20.
survey
Grain
Corey, P., Hutcheon, M., Broder, I., Mintz, S. (1982)
elevator workers show work related pulmonary function changes
and dose-effect relationships with dust exposure.
Brit. J.
Ind. Med, 39(4), 330-7.
Cormier, ¥., Belanger, J., Beaudoin, J., Laviolette, M., Beaudoin,
R., Hebert, J. (1984)
Abnormal bronchoalveolar lavage in
asymptomatic dairy farmers - study of lymphocytes.
Am. Rev.
Respir. Dis, 130(6), 1046-9.
Farmers
Cross, T., Unsworth, B. A. (1976)
antigen. Lancet, i (7966), 958-959.
lung:
neglected
a
of
of
Cumming,
G.
D., Bailey, G. (1974)
Seasonal
variation
Journal
cardiorespiratory
fitness of grain farmers.
Occupational Medicine, 16(2), 91-93.
Cuthbert,0. D. (1981) The incidence and causative factors of atopic
Clin.
asthma and rhinitis in an Orkney farming community.
Allergy, 11(3), 217-25.
Darke, C. S., Knowelden, J., Lacey, J., Milford-Ward, A. (1976)
Thorax,
Respiratory disease of workers harvesting grain.
31(3), 294-302.
Davies, C. N. (1968)
Farmers lung.
Ann. Occup. Hyg, 11(4), 377-8.
Dawson, S. V., Schenker, M. B. (1979) Health effects of inhalation
of ambient nitrogen dioxide. Amercian Review of Respi ratory
Disease, 120(2), 281-292.
de Haller, R. (1974) Farmers lung in Switzerland, p.207. In:
Haller, R., Sutter, F. (Ed) Aspergillosis and farmers lung
man and animals. Bern, Huber.
de
in
Respiratory
Donham, K. J., Zavala, D. C., Merchant, J. A. (1984)
symptoms and lung function among workers in swine confi nement
buildings: a cross sectional epidemiological study, Archives
of Envi ronmental Heal th, 39(2), 96-101.
for
Farmers lung: industrial hazard
Dyer, E L. (1980)
i nhabitants. South. Med. J. 73(3), 353-61, 364.
El Batawi, M. A. (1983)
Vegetable dusts.
rural
EOHS. Vol I, ILO, Geneva.
In:
Emanuel, D. A. (1974) Farmers lung in USA, pp 208-9.
Hal 1 er, R., Suter, F. (Ed) Aspergillosis and farmers lung
man and animal. Bern, Huber,
Emons, C. W. (1962)
Aspergillosis.
Lab. Invest, 11
de
in
1026.
Farebrother, M. J., Kelson, M. C., Heller, R. F. (1985)
Death
certification of farmers lung and chronic airway diseases in
different countries of EEC. Br. J. Dis. Chest, 79(4), 352-60.
Flaherty, D. K., Braun, S. R., Marx, J. J., Blank, J. L., Emanuel,
D. A., Ranken, J. (1980) Serological detachable HLA-A, B and C
American Review of
loci antigens in farmers lung disease.
Respiratory Disease, 122(3), 437-443.
Frazier, C. A. (1980) Occupational Asthma.
Company, New York, USA.
Van Nostrand
Furon, D., Cantineau, A., and Frimati, P.
Asthma. In: EOHS, Vol I, ILO, Geneva.
(1983)
Gee, J.
B. L. (1984)
Occupational lung
Livingstone Inc., Longman Group, UK.
disease.
Rei nhold
Occupati onal
Churchi11
Gilson, J. C. (1969) Respiratory diseases in farming.
Hyg., 12(2), 121-7.
Ann.
occup.
Study of pulmonary
Grand, J. M., Hotz, P. H., Lob, M. (1978)
function in tea packers of two companies as a function of
exposure. Prev. Med. 23, 4-11.
Grant, I. W., Blyth, W., Wardrop, V. E., Gordon, R. M., Pearson, J.
C., Mair, A. (1972) Prevalence of farmers lung in Scotland: a
pilot survey. Br. Med. J. 1(799), 530-4.
Grant, I. W. (1974)
Farmers Lung.
Health Bull. (Edinb) 32(1), 38-9.
Gruchow, H. W., Hoffmann, R. G., Marx, J. J. (Jr), Emanuel, D. A.,
Rimm, A. A. (1981) Precipitating antibodies to farmers lung
antigens in a Wisconsin farming population. Am. Rev. Respir.
Dis, 124(4), 411-5.
Guerin, C. K., Owen, R. A., Keys, T. F. (1983)
barnyard manure. Minn. Med., 66(6), 359-60.
Aspi ration
of
Gump, D. W., Babbott, F. L., Holy, E., Sylvester, D. L. (1979)
Farmers lung disease in Vermont. Respiration, 37(1), 52-60.
Haublein, H. G., Rebohle, E. and Beck, B. (1983)
of dust. EOHS, Vol I, ILO, Geneva.
Health and Safety Executive, UK (1977)
series, 15, HMSO, London, UK.
Lung
Biological effects
Function.
Medical
Health and Safety Executive, UK (1977) Skin tests in dermatitis and
occupational chest disease. Guidance Note MS 3, HSE, HMSO,
London, UK.
Heersma, J. R., Emmanuel, D. A., Wenzel, F. J., Gray, R. L. (1969)
Farmers lung in a 10 year old girl. J. Pediatr. 75(4), 704-6.
Hel1 er, R. F., Kelson, M. C. (1982) Respiratory disease mortality
in agricultural workers in eight member countries of the
European community. Int. J. Epidemiol, 11(2), 170-4.
Lung
Heller, R. F., Hayward, D. M., Farebrother, M. T. (1986)
Thorax,
(192)
,
117functions of farmers in England and Wales.
21.
BudgerigarHendrick, D. J., Faux, A. J., Marshall, R. (1978)
fanciers lung: the commonest variety of allergic alveolitis in
Britain. Br. Med. J. 2(6130), 81-4.
Homma, Y., Terai, T., Matsuzaki,M. (1986)
Incidence of serumprecipitating antibodies to farmers lung antigens in Hokkaido.
Respi ration, 49(4), 300-6.
H.
(1981)
Katila,
M.
L., Mantyjarvi, R. A., Ojanen,
T.
Sensitization against environmental antigens and respiratory
symptoms in swine workers. __
British Journal of Industrial
Medicine (London), 38(4), 334-338.
I
Kaye, M., and Freedman, S. 0. (1961) Allergy to raw coffee
occupational disease. Canad. M. A. J. 84, 469.
Kilburn, K. H., Asmundsson, T. (1973) Farmers lung:
occupational illnesses. Mo. Med. 70(8), 597-9.
man's
an
oldest
Kotimaa, M. H., Husman, K. H., Terho, E. 0., Mustonen, M. H. (1984)
Airborne molds and actinomycetes in the work environment of
farmers lung patients in Finland.
Scandinavian Journal of
Work, Environment and health, 10(2), 115-119.
Lacey, J., Shelagh, N., Webster, B. T. (1982)
actinomycete spores by respirator filters.
Occupational Hygiene, 25(4), 351-363.
Retention
Annals
Laubach, C. (1965) Farmers lung disease in
NY State J Med. 65(24), 3020-5.
Pennsylvania.
Eastern
of
of
Chronic respi ratory
Leffcoe, N. M. and Wonnacott, T. H. (1974)
disease in four occupational groups. Arch. Environ. Health,
29(3), 143-6.
Liesivuori, J., Kettumen, A. (1983) Farmers exposure to formic acid
vapour in silage making. Annals of Occupational Hygiene,
27(3), 327-329.
Lutsky, A., Bar-sela, S. (1982) Northern fowl mite (ornithonyssus
Lancet,
sylviarum) in occupational asthma of poultry workers.
ii (8303), 874-875.
Lutsky, I., Baun, G. L., Teichtahl, H., Mazar, A., Aizer, F., Bar
Sela,
S.
(1985)
Occupational
respiratory disease
in
veterinarians. Ann. Allergy 55(2), 153-6.
Madsen, D., Klock, L. E., Wenzel, F. J., Robbins, J. L., Schmidt, C.
D. (1976) The prevalence of farmers lung in an agricultural
population. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis, 113(2), 171-174.
S.,
Malmberg,
P., Rask-Andersen, A., Palmgren, U., Hoglund,
Kolmodin-Hedman, B., Stalenheim, G. (1985) Exposure to microorganisms, febrile and airway-obstructive symptoms, immune
status and lung function of Swedish farmers. Scand. J. Work
Environ. Health, 1194), 287-93.
Manfreda, J., Holford Strevens, V., Cheang, M., Warren, C.
Acute symptoms following exposure to grain dust
(1986)
farming. Environ. Health Perspect. 66, 73-80.
P.
in
Marcer, G., Simioni, L., Saia, B., Saladino, G., Gemignani, C.,
Mastrangelo, G. (1983) Study of immunological parameters in
farmers lung.
Clin. Al 1ergy, 13(5), 443-9.
Ministry of Social Security, UK (1967) Pneumoconiosis
occupational chest diseases. HMSO, England.
and
allied
Farmers lung in France, pp.205-6. In:
Molina, C. (1974)
Haller, R., Suter, F. (Ed) Aspergillosis and farmers lung
man and animal. Bern, Huber.
de
in
Morgan, D. C., Smyth, J. T., Lister, R. W.,
(1973)
Chest symptoms and farmers lung:
Br.
Ind. Med. 30(3), 259-65.
Pethybridge, R. J.
a community survey.
Morgan, D. C., Smyth, J. T., Lister, R. W., Pethybridge, R. J.,
Gilson, J. C., Callaghan, P., Thomas, G. 0. (1975) Chest
symptoms in farming communities with special reference to
farmers lung. Br. J. Ind. Med., 32(3), 228-34.
Byssinosis respiratory symptoms and
Mustafa, K. Y. et al, (1978)
spirometric lung function tests in Tanzanian sisal workers.
Br. J. Industr. Med., 35, 123-8.
NIOSH, USA (1974) Planning report for an epidemiological study
prevalence of agricultural respiratory diseases.
on
O'Brien, J., Dean, G. (1982) Farmers lung disease: an evaluation of
health education in the North West of Ireland. Ir. Med. J.,
75(10), 359-61.
Parkes, W. R. (1982)
Group, UK.
Occupational
Lung
disorders.
Butterworth
Pepys, J. (1969) Hypersensitivity diseases of the lungs due to
fungi and organic dusts. Monographs in Alergy, Vol. 4, Karges,
Basel.
Pepys, J. (1983) Farmers lung - incidence, symptoms and signs.
Pathology - diagnosis, preventive measure. EOHS, Vol I., ILO.
Geneva.
Pether, J. V. Greatorex, F. B. (1976) Farmers
Somerset. Brit. J. Ind. Med, 33(4), 265-8.
lung
disease
in
Popendorf, W., Donham, K. J., Easton, D. N., Silk, J. (1985)
A
synopsis of agricultural respiratory hazards.
American
Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 46(3), 154-161.
Pratt, D. S., May, J. J. (1984) Feed associated respiratory illness
in farmers. Arch. Envi ron Heal th, 39(1), 43-8.
_ Agricultural dusts and diffuse
Rankins, J. et al_ (1965)_
fibrosis. Arch. Environ. Health (Chicago), 10, 278.
pulmonary
Rasmussen, F. V., Borchsenius, L., Holstein, B., Solvsteen, P.
Lung function and long term exposure to cement dust.
(1977)
Scand. J. Respir. Dis. 58(5), 252-64.
Robinson, T. J. (1976) Coeliac disease with farmers lung.
Medical Journal, 1 (6012), 745-746.
British
Saia, B.,
Mastrangelo,
G., Marcer, G.,
Reggio,
0.
(1984)
Prevalence and risk factors of chronic respiratory disease in a
farming population. Med. Lar. 75(2), 101-9.
Sandhu, D. K. and Sandhu, R. S. (1973) Aspergillosis in respiratory
tract of healthy persons. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 49, 77.
Schlenker, E. H., Leonardson, G. R., McClain, C., Barnes, E., Parry.
1
R. R. (1985) The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among
farmers and ranchers in South Eastern South Dakota. SD J. Med.
38(7), 5-9.
Seal, R. M. (1974) Farmers lung in Britain, pp.199-204.
In:
Hal 1 er, R., Suter, F. (Ed) Aspergillosis and farmers lung
man and animal. Bern, Huber.
de
in
Shelley, E., Ward., K. (1981)
Respiratory symptoms in young
members of the farming community. Ir. Med. J. 74(1), 22-5.
Smyth, J. T., Adkins, G. E., Margaret, L., Moore, B., McWhite,
(1975) Farmers lung in Devon. Thorax, 30(2), 197-203.
Stevens, E. et al (1979) Allergy in occupational
Cahiers de medecine du travai1, 16(2), 155-198.
E.
environment.
Terho, E. 0., Lammi, S., Heinonen, 0. P. (1980) Seasonal varitions
Int. J. Epidemiol, 9(3),
in the incidence of farmers lung.
219-20. [CIS 81-204]
Incidence of
Terho, E. 0., Heinonen, 0. P., Lammi, S. (1983)
farmers lung leading to hospitalization and its relation to
meteorological observations in Finland.
Acta Med Scand,
213(4), 295-8.
Ueda, A., Futatsuka, M., Ueda, T., Arimatsu, Y., Ueno, T., Nagaro,
M., Nomura, S. (1984) A follow up study on the lung disorders
of rush (igusa) farmers exposed to "sendo" dust. Sangyo Igaku
26(1), 32-44.
Uragoda, C. G. (1970)
181-182.
Tea makers asthma.
Brit. J. Indust. Med, 27,
van Hage Hamsten, M., Johansson, S. G., Hoglund, S., Tull, P.,
Wiren, A., Zetterstrom. 0. (1985) Storage mite allergy is
common in a farming population. Clin. Allergy, 15(6), 555-64.
van Ordstrand, H. S. (1977) Pneumoconioses and their masqueraders.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Chicago, USA, 19(11),
19(11), 747753.
Vantoorn, D. W. (1970) Coffee workers lung - a new example
extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Thorax, 25, 399.
of
Occupational respiratory diseases frosm vegetable
W.H.O. (1979)
Document OCW, EHO,
dusts - early detection and control.
Geneva.
Wardrop, V. E., Blyth, W., Grant, I. W. (1977) Farmers lung in a
group of Scottish dairy farms. Br. J. Ind. Med, 34(3), 186-95.
[CIS 77-2022]
Warren, C. P. W., Tse K. S. (1974) Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
owing to hypersensitivity to chickens - significance of sputum
American Review of Respiratory Disease, 109(6),
preci pi tins.
672-677.
Warren, C. P., Manfreda, J. (1980)
Respiratory symptoms in Manitoba
farmers:
association with grain and hay handling.
Assoc. J. 122(11), 1259-64.
Can.
Med.
Wenzel, F. J., Gray, R. L., Emanuel, D. A. (1970) Farmers lung, its
geographic distribution. J. Occup. Med, 12(12), 493-6.
SECTION II.
Series L
Farmers and some other
included in H - K)
diseases
Adams, R. M. (1983) Occupational skin disease.
Inc., New York.
than
(other
Grune and
those
Stratton
Diverticular disease in
an
Archampong, E. Q. et al (1978)
indigenous African community. Ann. R. Col 1. Surg. 60, 464-70.
Balarajan, R. and McDowell, M. (1983) Congenital malformations
agricultural workers. Lancet, i_, 1112-1113.
and
Beighton, P. et al (1975) Rheumatoid arthritis in a rural
African negro population. Ann, rheum, dis 34, 136-41.
South
Belcher, D. W. et al (1977)
Endemic pyoderma in Ghana: a survey in
rural villages. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene, 71, 204-9.
Birmingham, D. J. (1983)
ILO, Geneva.
Occupational skin diseases.
EOHS, Vol II,
Cohen, S. R. (1974) Dermatologic hazards in the poultry
Journal of Occupational Medicine, 16(2), 94-97.
industry.
Cronin, E. (1979) Contact dermatitis from barley
Dermatitis, Kobernhavn, Denmark, 5(3), 196.
Contact
dust.
Foggin, P., Godon, D. (1986) Cardiovascular mortality as it relates
in
non
geographic distribution of employment
to
the
metropolitan Quebec. Soc. Sci. Med. 22(5), 559-69.
Occupati onal
Foussereau, J., Benezra, C., Maibach, H. (1982)
contact dermatitis - clinical and chemical aspects. Musksgaard
International Publishers, Ltd., Kobenhavn, Denmark., 452p.
Francis, J. (1977) Chronic illness and
Med. J. Aust. 2(18), 615-6.
country
living
Gilliams, J. A., Palmer, H. W., Dyte, P. H. (1982)
dermatitis caused by Salmonella Dublin. Medical
Australia, 1(9), 390-391.
(letter)
Fol 1i cular
Journal of
Prevalence and
Hanegraaf, T. A. C. and McGill, P. E. (1970)
geographical distribution of endemic goitre in Eastern Africa.
E. AFr. Med. J. 47, 1-5.
Hellgren, L. (1976) Lichen ruber planus in occupational groups
total populations. Berufsdermatosen, 24(3), 71-8.
in
disease
in
Issacson, C. A. (1977) The changing patterns of heart
South African blacks. S. Afr. med. J., 52, 793-8.
Kachlik, Z and Nikolasova, M. (1976) Dermatological investigation
in selected agricultural cooperatives. (Czeck) Praco Lek,
28(10) 373-377. Excerpta Occupational Sciences, NIOH, 78-9.
Katevuo,
K.,
Aitasalo,
K.,
Lehtinen,
R.,
Pietila,
J.
(1985)
Skeletal changes in dentists and farmers in Finland. Community
Dent, oral Epidemiol. 13(1), 23-5.
Epidemiology of
Nomura,
Matsushita, T., --- S., Wakatsuki, T. (1980) Japan.
Contact
contact
dermatitis
from pesticides in
Dermatitis, 6(4), 255-9.
' “. (1974)
Cutaneous
j_G;
Meneghini, C. L., Lospalluti, M., An9elirn
Berufs
Dermatosen
, Germany
anthrax: observations in 18 cases.
(Fed. Rep.) 6, 233-237.
—) Occupational contact dermatitis or eczema.
Meneghini, C. L. (1983)
~EOHS', Vol I., ILO, Geneva.
the farmers syndrome in
Meng, K. (1980) (SEAMIC - 1985) A study on prevalence of general
rural Korea - its relation to the
illness. Human Science, 4, 10.
Can. Med.
workers.
Morris, W. H. (1967) Heart disease in farm
Assoc. J. 96(12), 821-4.
Age specific cancer
(1966)
mm;/..—..,
J.
.
Oettle, A. G. and .Higginson,
Afr.
incidence rates in South African bantu: Johannesburg.
J. Med. Sci 31, 21-41.
Scand. J. Work
Olkinuoara, M.
M. (1984)
(1984) Alcoholism and occupation.
Environ, health, 10 £6 Spe^, No). 511 5.
Platt B S. (1955) Some traditional alcoholic beverages andi their
importance in indigenous African communities. Proc.
-- Nutr. Soc,
W, 115-24.
1
)
Ischaemic
' "lav-e, R. B., Burmeister, L. P. (1982)
Pomrehn, P. R-> Wallace
the
influecne
of life
mortality in Iowa farmers ■
heart disease> i.._.
JAMA, 248, 1073-1076.
style, i
J)
Seasonal change and its effect on the
Porter, M. J. (1979)
Gambian village.
prevalence of infectious skin disease in a
Medicine and
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical
Hygiene, 74, 162-8.
Cutaneous sporotrichosis in forestry
Powell
Powel1,, K. E. et al_. (1978) ,' contaminated sphagnum moss.
Journal
workers - epidemic due to
232-235.
of the American Medical Association (Chicago) 240/3,
[CIS 79-200]
'
)
Pyemotes
sams1„,k
K„ -ja sJ causative
»o^k:agent
«.tEofanother^moss
of<SCT
(Acari, Pyemotidae).
’folja Parasitol
f- ------------ — -------
51-4.
..II)
An outbreak of contact
Schuman, S. H., Dobson, R. L. (1985)
J. Am. Acad. Dermatok 13(2, Pt
dermatitis in farm workers.
11, 220-3.
African
Segal, I and Walker, A. R. P- (1982)) Appendicitis in South
blacks. S. Afr. med.
61, 144.
Blood pressure and its corelates in
Sever, P. S. et al, (1980)
urban and tribal Africa.
W.H.O. (1960) Endemic goitre.
Ser. No. 44
Lancet, i i, 60-4.
World Health Organisation
Monograph
Industrial hypertension
Walworth, C. C.,
C., Charman,
Charman, R. C. (1976)
control programme in a rural state. JAMA, 235(14) 1461-4.
Industrial hypertension
Walworth, C. C., Charman, R. C. (1977)
program in a rural state - efficacy and cost effectiveness.
JAMA 237(18), 1942-5.
Warrell, D. A. and Arnett, C. (1976)
Trop. 33, 307-41.
Snake bite in farmers.
Acta
Wilson, J. (1985) Deafness in developing countries - approaches to
a global program of prevention
Arch Otolaryngol 111(1), 2-9.
SECTION II.
Series M = Farming Accidents/Hazards of Mechanization
Anon. (1977)
Reseach
on
occupational
Arbetarskyddsfonden, Sweden. 191p.
accident.
in
Two grain elevator explosions kill five
Anon (1978)
Fire Journal, Boston, 72(6), 50-54 and 93.
Anon (1983)
481-2.
Mi ssouri.
Farm-tractor associated deaths, Georgia. MMWR,
32(37),
Anon (1983) Leads from the MMWR. Farm tractor associated deaths
Georgia. JAMA, 250(14), 1817.
Occupational safety and
[CIS 79-1126] (German)
heal th
Qccup.
Heal th
Beatty, M. E., Zook, E. G., Russel, R. C., Kinkead, L. R.
the replacement of the corn
Grain auger injuries:
injury? Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 69(1), 96-102.
(1982)
picker
Arfert, G. and Beutel, K. D. (1978)
in mechanised crop production.
Bamford, M. (1985) First aid and fruit
(bond) 37(4), 162-7.
Blair, S. J., Allard,
cooperative effort.
farming.
K. M. (1983)
Prevention of Trauma:
J. Hand Surg. (Am) 8(5 pt 2) 649-54.
Bromberg, J., Hirschfelder, D. (1984) Workplace eye injuries:
problem and solution. Professional Safety, 29(6), 15-20.
a
the
Brown, F. W., Navigate, W. J. (1968) Rupture of the axillary artery
and brachial plexus palsy associated with anterior dislocation
of the shoulder. Report of a case with successful vascular
repai r. Clin. Orthop. 60, 195-9.
Brown. P. W. (1973) The prevention of infection in
Clin. Orthop. 96, 42-50.
open
wounds.
Busch, H. M. (Jr), Coghill, T. H., Landercasper, J., Landercasper,
J. Trauma,
B. 0. (1986)
Blunt bovine and equine trauma.
26(6), 559-60.
Coghi11, T.
trauma.
H., Busch, H. M. (Jr) The spectrum
J. Emerg. Med. 3(3), 205-10.
of
agricultural
Copeland, A. R. (1985) Fatal occupational accidents - the five year
Metro Dade county experience, 1979-83. J. Forensic Sci, 30(2),
494-503.
y'Datta, S. P. and Verma, P. S. (1969) A study of rural accidents in
Pondicherry, South India. Ind. J. of Public Health. 13, 25-29.
Department of Labor, Philippines, (1977)
'Work Accidents, 1976.
Dept.
of
Labor, Bureau of
labour
standards,
Manila,
Philippines.
Doyle, Y. (1984) Farming and industrial accidents in the Midlands
during 1981 - a pilot study. Ir. Med. J. 77(9), 277-83.
Erisman, G. (1979) Three comments received on farm tractor
factors (letter) Am. J. Public Health, 69(8), 824.
safety
Federal Register, USA (1976) Occupational safety and health
standards for agriculture - guarding of farm field equipment,
farmstead equipment and cotton gins. Code
of Federal
Regulations, Title 29, Chaper 17, part 1928. OSH Standards for
agriculture. Federal Register, Washington, USA. Vol 41, No, 47,
10190-10197.
Gainor, B. J. (1983)
roller injury.
Hay baler traumer to the upper extremity:
Trauma, 23(12), 1069-71.
a
Goodman, R. A., Smith, J. D., Sikes, R. K., Rogers, D. L., Mickey,
J. L. (1985) Fatalities associated with farm tractor injuries:
an epidemiological study. Public Health Rep, 100(3), 329-33.
Gordon, J. E., Gulati, P. V. and Wyon, J. B. (1967) Traumatic
accidents in rural tropical regions - an epidemiological field
study in Punjab. Amer. Jour, of med. Sciences, 243, 382-402.
Grogono, B. J. (1973)
Auger injuries.
Injury, 4(3), 247-57.
^/Gupta, R. C., Bhasin, S. K., Khanta, B. S. (1982)
patta injuries. Injury, 13(6), 495-9.
Drive
belt or
Helgerson, S. D., Milham, S. (Jr) (1985) Farmworkers electrocuted
when irrigation pipes contact power lines. Public Health Rep,
100(3), 325-8.
Hoskin, A. F., Miller, T. A. (1979) Farm accidents surveys: a 21
state summary with emphasis on animal related
injuries.
Journal of Safety Research, 11(1), 2-13.
Hunter, Donald (1978) Accidents in agricultural work.
In:
The
Diseases of Occupation, 6th Ed. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Huston, A. F., Smith, C. (1969) Farm accidents
Can. Med Assoc. J. 100(16), 764-9.
I.L.O. (1963)
Geneva.
Guarding of machinery.
in
Saskatchewan.
Recommendation No. 118,
ILO,
International Labour Office (1985) Year book of Labour Statistics,
1985. Chapter VIII - Occupational Injuries. ILO, Geneva, 45th
Edition, p.805-855.
I.T.D.G. (1976) Tools for agriculture, a buyers guide to low cost
agricultural implements. Intermediate Technology Publications
Ltd, London.
Inoue,
K.
(1973)
Factors affecting accident causation
in
agricultural machine operations. J. Hum. Ergol (Tokyo) 2(2),
143-57.
Jain, B. K. S. (1983) Agricultural Implements. In:
Encyclopedia
of occupational health and safety. Vol. I., ILO, Geneva.
Jackson, F. C. (1983) Farm and ranch injuries in West Texas.
Med. 79(9), 51-4.
Tex.
Karlson, T., Noren, J. (1979) Farm tractor fatalities: the failure
of voluntary safety standards. Am. J. Public Health, 69(2),
146-9.
Karlson, T., Noren, J. (1979) Three comments received on farm
tractor safety factors (Letter). Am. J. Public Health, 69(8),
824-5.
Knapp,
L.
W.
(Jr)
(1983)
Agricultural
machinery.
Encyclopaedia of Occupational health and safety, Vol. I,
Geneva.
Koivunen, D., Nichols, W. K., Silver, D. (1982)
a rural population. Surgery, 91(6), 723-7
In:
ILO,
Vascular trauma
in
Kraus, J. F. (1985) Fatal and non-fatal injuries in occupational
settings: a review. Annu. Rev. Public health, 6, 403-18.
Layton, T. R., Elhauge, E. R..
86(3), 30-32.
Hay Baler Injury.
(1983)
Pa.
Med.
Louis, D. S., Renshaw, T. (1973) Injuries to the upper extremity
inflicted by the mechanical cornpicker. Clin. Orthop, 92, 2314.
Marshall, E. (1983) Deadlock over explosive dust (news).
222(4623), 485-7.
McElfresh, E. C., Bryan, R. S. (1973)
Trauma, 13(9), 775-82.
Science,
Power take-off injuries.
Meiboom, A. (1983) Tractors - hazards and their prevention.
Vol. II, ILO, Geneva.
J.
EOHS,
Trauma systems:
Moerkirk,
G. E., Grottenthaler, J. (1980)
Pennsylvania’s progress and challenge. Pa. Med. 83(9), 27-32.
O'Donnell, B. (1977)
60(356), 47-51.
Accidents in Agriculture.
J. Ir. Med. Assoc.,
Owen, G. M., Hunter, A. G. M. (1983) Tractors overturning acidents
on slopes. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 5(3), 195-210.
Owen, G. M., Hunter, A. 6. M. (1983)
A survey of tractor
overturning accidents in the United Kingdom.
Journal of
Occupational Accidents, 5(3), 185-193.
Paulson, J. A., Johnson, R. W. (1986)
Pediatrics, 77(5), 784-5.
Farm accidents
(letter)
Pederson,
M. B., Simonsen, J. (1982)
Accidental
death in
fermentation tanks: report of two cases. Med. Sci. law 22(4),
283-4.
Pfister, R. G. (1979) Three comments received on farm tractor
safety factors (letter) Am. J. Public Health, 69(8), 823.
Rowe, R. G., Cliff, K. S. (1982) Agricultural accidents in Dorset
- Review of a pilot study. J. Soc. Occup. Med, 32(3), 119-23.
Saari, K. M., Aine, E. (1984) Eye injuries in
Opthalmol (Suppl) (Copenh) 161, 42-51.
agriculture.
Acta
Schneider, R. D. (1979) Three comments received on farm tractor
safety factors (letter) Am. J. Publi c Heal th 69(8), 823-4.
'“) Prevention of hazards in agriculture.
Sekhon, B. S. (1968)
Med. J. 1A 479-85.
472
Punjab
Sekhon, G. S. (1969) Head injury peculiar to crude cane-crusher:
'Kohlu* injury. Indian J. Med. Res. 5796), 1103-4.
Simpson, S. G. (1984)
150-2.
Farm machinery injuries.
J. Trauma,
24(2),
Slung, H. B., Raman, V. K., Ibrahim, A., Scher, K. S. (1983)
Traumati c diaphragmatic rupture involving the pericardium.
South Med. J. 76(11), 1459-60.
Smith, T. E. (jr), Canady, J. W., Jons, C. D. (1982) Cervi co-facial
high pressure hydraulic injection injury - report of a case.
Arch. Otolaryngol, 108(7), 452-3.
Smithurst, B. A., (1968) An epidemiological study of 162 tractor
accidents in Australia, 1964 to 1966. Med. J. Aust, 1(2), 514.
Tator, C. H., Edmonds, V. E. (1979) Acute spinal cord injury:
analysis of epidemiologic factors. Can. J. Surg. 22(6), 575-8.
Walker, G. (1978) Chain saw common sense. Occupatgional Safety and
Health, Birmingham, Uk, 8(10),Agr. Safety supplement, 38-39.
Watson, M., Benson, W.W. (1973) Chronicle of a crop duster crash: a
devastating and avoidable tragedy. Aerosp. Med, 44(5}, 549-51.
SECTION II.
Series N = Occupational Physiology in Agriculture
ergonomic aspects and work capacity.
(including
Awad El Karim, M. A. et al (1980) Quantitative egg excretion and
work capacity in a Gezira population infected with S.mansoni.
Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 20, 54-61.
Awad El Karim, M. A. et al_,
al, (1981)
An assessment of antischistosomal treatment on physical work capacity. Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84, 67-72.
Bhavani, Belavadi, (1966) Nutrition and efficiency in
workers.
Ind. J. Med. Research, 54, 971-975.
agricultural
Brandt Hartmut (19
)
Work capacity restraints in tropical
agricultural development. Verlag Peter D Lang 8 - Frankfurst.
Brooks, R. M. et al (1979) Relationship of nutrtion and health
worker productivity in Kenya. E. Afr. med J. 56 413-21.
to
Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation
(1979)
Ergonomics in tropical agriculture and forestry.
Proceedings
of International Symposium, Netherlands, 1979 (Wageningen)
Christensen, E. H. (1976) Man at work, studies on the application
of physiology to working conditions in a sub-tropical country.
Occupational Health and Safety Series, No. 4, ILO, Geneva.
Christensen,
Geneva.
E. H. (1983)
Physiology of Work.
EOHS, Vol II,
ILO,
Collins, J. J., Brotherhood, R. J., Davies, C. T., Dore, C.,
Hackett, A. J., Imms, F. J., Musgrove, J., Weiner, J. S., Amin,
M. A., El Karim, M., ismail, H. M., Omer, A. H., Sukkar, M. Y.
(1976) Physiological performance and work capacity of Sudanese
cane cutters with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Am. J. Trop
Med, and Hyg., 25, 410-421.
Daleva, M., Piperova-Dalbokova, D., Hadjilova, I., Mincheva, L.
(1982)
Changes in the excretion of corticosteroids and
catecholamines in tractor drivers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ.
Health, 49(3-4), 345-52.
Datta, S. R. and Ramanathan, N. L. (1971) Comparison of seven modes
of carrying loads on the horizontal plane. Ergonomics, 14(2),
269-278.
Davies, C. T. M. (1973) Relationship of maximum aerobic power
output to productivity and absenteeism of East African sugar
cane workers. Br, J. Indust. Med. 30, 146-154.
Davies, C. T., Brotherhood, J. R., Collins, K. J., Dore, C., Imms,
F., Musgrove, J., Weiner, J. S., Amin, M. A., Ismail, H. M., El
Karim,
M., Omer A. H., Sukkar, M. Y.
(1976)
Energy
1
expenditure and physiological performance
Br.. J
J.. Ind. Med
Med..,, 33(3), 181-6.
cutters. Br
of
Sudanese
cane
W., Ohira, Y., Gunawardena, K. A.,
Edgerton, V. R., Gardner, G W.
B. (1979) 1Iron-deficiency anemia and its effect
Senewiratne
Br. Med J.
on worker productivity and activity patterns.
2(6204) 1546-9.
The effect of Schisosoma
Fenwick, A and Figenschou, B. H. (1972)
on
the
productivity
of cane cutters on a
infection
mansoni
Bull
.
W.H.O.
,
sugar estate in Tanzania. L 47, 567-572.
engaged
Fox, R. H. (1953) A study of energy expenditure of Africans
University of
rural
activities.
Ph.D.
cf
thesis,
in various
London.
T. (1985)
Futatsuka
M., Yasatake N., Sakurai, T., sIMatsumoto,
operators
of
Comparative study of vibration disease among
42(4)
,
tools ‘byw factor analysis. Br. J. Ind. Med.,
vibrating t_
260-6.
H. R., Levitin, P. M., Makuc,
Hadler, N. M., Gillings, D. B., Imbus,
N.
~D.,, Moskovitz, LYount,
W.
J.
,
Slusser,
----D., Utsinger, P.O., Yw-.L, ’...
setting.
72)
Hand structure and function in an industrial
(1978)
Arthritis Rheum, 21(2), 210-20.
in East
-- Heat stress in outdoor manual workers
Hall, S. A. (1971)
Africa. LErgonomics 14(1), 91-4.
Proceedings Human
Society, USA (1975)
Human Factors
Human
Factors
19th
Annual Meeting.
Society,
Callifornia, USA, 501p. Bibl.
Factors
Society,
'■‘i Congress of the
Human Factors Society (1976) Proceedings - 6th
-.1
"Old
World, New World, One
International Ergonomics Association
.
World" and Technical program of the 20th Annual Meeting of t
Human Factors Society. Human Factors Society, California, USA.
T I 0
(1977)
Ergonomics in Industry, Agriculture and Forestry.
’ Occupational Safety and Health Series, No 35, ILO, Geneva.
Appropriate technologyf in
Philippine
(Geneva) (1977)
I.L.O.
"Bureau
--- of Forest
of
the
Joint
Philippine
forestry.
Report
(Geneva)
ILO
of
Finland Project,
Development/ILO/Govt.
Switzerland.
Manuaba, A. (1979) (SEAMIC-1985)
Recent and f^ure ergonomic
problems in agriculture.
Proceedings of the 9th
Asian
Conference of Occupational Health, Seoul, pp.172 175.
> in
Manuaba, A. (1979) Choices of technology and working conditions
improve
working
conditions
in
ASIA.
rural areas. Technology to
ILO, Geneva, 64-72.
epidemiological study of
NIOSH, USA (1974) Planning report for an
2
agricultural workers epxosed to noise.
0110 (NTIS)
Contract Report 099-74-
Effective
Nag, P. K., Sebastian, N. C. and Malvankar, M. G. (1980)
Ind.
heat load on agricultural workers during summer season.
J. Med. Res. 72 408-15.
Parikh, D. J., Ramanathan, N. L. (1977) Serum enzyme changes in hot
work. J. Occup. Med, 19(4), 255-7.
Energy expenditure
Ramanamurthy, P.S. V. and Belavady, B. (1966)
Ind. J. Med.
and requirements in agricultural labourers.
Research, 54, 977-979.
Schrottmaier, J. (1982)
89-105.
Protection from silo gas.
Ergonomic 25(1),
Seha, F. (1986) Ergonomics for forest workers and forest engineers.
Proceedings
of
Meeting
on
occupational
Health
and
rehabilitation of forest workers. FAO/ECE/ILO Joint Committee
on forest working techniques and training of forest workers
(Geneva) Switzerland.
Research programme on ergonomi cs and work
Sjoflot, L. (1984)
in
agriculture
in Norway. Paper read at 1984
envi ronment
International Conference on Occupational Ergonomics, Toronto,
Canada.
Productivity
Spurr, G.
1 B., Barac-Nieto, M., Maksud, M. G. (1977)
Am. J.
maximal
oxygen
consumption
in
sugar
cane
cutters.
and
Clin. Nutr. 30(3), 316-21.
Thelin, J. W., Joseph, D. J., Davis, W. E., Baker, D. E., Hosokawa,
M. C. (1983) High frequency hearing loss in male farmers of
Mi ssouri. Public Helth Rep. 98(3), 268-73.
Tihelkova, 0., Proskova, A. (1977) Hog picking machines from the
In:
Ergonomics in Industry,
aspect of work physiology.
Safety and Health
Occupational
Agriculture and Forestry.
Series, No. 35, IL0, Geneva.
W.H.O. (1969) Optimum physical performance capacity in adults.
Report of a WHO Scientific Group, TRS No 436, WHO, Geneva.
Watanabe, T., Ishihara, N., Miyasaka, M., Koizumi, A., Fujita,, H.,
Ikeda, M. (1986) Hemagiobin levels among Japanese farmers:
Hum.
with special reference to climate and work intensity.
Biol, 58(2), 197-208.
Weiner, J. S. (1980) Human physiology in Savanna environments. In:
D. R. Harris (Ed) Human ecology in Savanna envi ronments,
p.431. Academic Press, London.
3
SECTION II.
Series 0 = Women and child workers and health issues.
Almas, R., Vik, K. and Odegard, J. (1983) Women in rural Norway.
I
Recent tendencies in the development of the division of labour
in agriculture and the participation of rural women on the
labour market.
Paper to XII European Congress for Rural
Sociology, Budapest, Hungary.
Anon. (1985)
Child labour and child abuse on the farm.
justice, 2(2).
Food and
Anon. (1986) Working children in Asia: facts and fantasies.
Asian Journal, 14.
Anon. (1986) Lawasia Conference Resolution. In:
Asia. Volume 2, No. 3. July-September (1986)
Anti Slavery League. (1984)
today. Report, London.
Child labour in
Balai
Child Workers
in
Assam tea gardens
Bonnet, Michel (1985) Le travail des enfants en Asie.
10/85, December 1985.
Dossier No.
Daswani, Mona and Britto, Gabriel. (19 ) Women and
critical review of available information in India,
for Research in Community Health.
health:
a
Foundation
Equal Opportunities
Commission
(1979)
Health and
safety
legislation: should we distinguish between men and women.
FAO, Rome, (Italy) (1980) Towards a greater involvement of women in
national development, Malaysia.
FAO, Rome (Italy) (1985) Statistics on women, children and aged
Agriculture in India: a case study.
in
Gilroy, A. B. (1951) A surveys of child nutrition on tea estates in
Assam. Ind. J. Med. Res. 39, 361-375.
Conditions of work of women and young workers on
ILO (1970)
plantations. Committee on work on plantations, ILO, Geneva.
ILO (1979)
Children at work. ILO, Geneva.
ILO (1986)
Child labour: a briefing manual.
ILO, Geneva.
Ideas and Action (1984) Special Issue on rural women.
Issue No.
158, Freedom from Hunger Campaign/Action for Development. FAO,
Rome.
Javillonar, G. V., Zivetz, L., Thomason, S. G., Griffith, J. (1981)
Rural development, women's roles and fertility in developing
countries; review of the literature.
(AID Research and
Development Abstracts, 9(3), p.27. (Rural Develop Abs 2R005 01804)
Jayarao, S. Kamal a (1982) Who is malnourished: mother or the woman?
In: Health care which way to go. (Eds) Abhay Bang and Ashvin
J. Patel. Medico friend circle, 1982.
Delhi, 1985.
New
Reprinted by VHAI,
Jomo, K.S. et al (1984) Early labour children at work on Malaysian
plantations. INSAN - The Institute for Social Analysis, Kuala
Lumpur and Anti Slavery Society, London.
Kharas, P. (1978) Profile of women in rural development - Malaysia.
Human resources, Institutions and Agrarian Reform Division, FAO
(Rome, Italy).
Martin Jean and Roberts Ceridwen (1984) Women and employment
lifetime perspective.
Department of Employment, Office
Population Census and Surveys. HMSO, London.
a
of
Indian women in subsistence and agricultural
Mies, Maria (1982)
labour. Women, Work and Development, No. 12, ILO, Geneva.
Productivity of women
Rahmathul1 ah, V. and Pothi, K. S. (1981)
Ind. J. of
in
a
typical
South
India
tea
plantation.
pluckers
Industrial Med. 27(1), 447.
Rutabanzibwa-Ngaiza, Jean, Heggenhougen, Kris and Walt, Gill (1985)
Women and Health - a review of parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
Evaluation and Planning Centre, Publication No. 6, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London.
Sajogyo, P., Hastuti, E. L., Wigna, W., Surkati, S., White, B. and
different
K. (1980)
The role of women
in
Suryanata,
perspectives (West Java)
Silva, Francisco
gropwing up.
Pelucio (1980)
The city: a
UNICEF News, issue 106/1980/4.
crash
course
in
Tagle, M. A. (1984) The food and nutrition situation of plantation
Nutrition
women
wokers and their families, Sri Lanka.
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