12707.pdf
Media
- extracted text
-
SB
■»■ ZS
q ;" /
■
P
«■ •
y;
|||feWS!<
li
TSSSi'®#
<
'
■
' ’J
THE IMPROVEMENT
' A IfEA
■ .r
C'- •, CCCC'Cz^-.:
^l,/1
fiSsR-; 0F
S®»5.'7;®F
• 7 < W7 ' . •33; ■-<1: CCC^ "■
•
■
. .
G..^' '
r: ‘
■■■■
--■
■':
WORKING CONDITIONS
•
"t-. ■
•
.-<’
'"'
.■
■
' ?
-7 ;' ■ '
■;•■•..’<:
'AL: -
./f
■•
■
.1:'T-
OF
sweepers' and scavengers
■'
T«: " TwW;' B Z'-'w ■/ :c
■■■A'
/k
■
.1
7?7-v
■4 '7 J
C''-t -V : ■
■
SKI I.>. D- SALAPPA
Ct.
CHAIRMAN
■
■
(C
' .
c
I.
UcilW’
'
■
Q...
I
. -<A ■
'
«r.->
, "CI
S
C i<
APRIL 1976
vv., :./,-
-A- .‘y ’
a
Lp
’
'' .-CC
. :v J ■
•V-
I
wM^aRHHRSH99RR9BRB898S8R9^9^B9!^^^^S
B ■ ■ W ■ Ta' <
'fW
4b;: W' a»:
•
■
o
1 ru
o
■
12-1/' ? q• < ......
'
'tj
•.'7\
’ j
?:■.’. 1|S;.
• <
■
l«Bw»s=
■
.Kk
£•*
•/
1 Ift
a--'"-''---Mi
....... .... ^^^ls|sL___ _
■
- JTE^^'A2>:a
I
i
i
A-’,..'•a. r.. aET.
'■
• -''AA .'
' 2—
<'-V
:■••
. .v:.< •
.
•■■
■'■’■
’'.'•■•'■.■•;■•■
.C; ■.'<
I’:.
,v
'
BBssBa . ■ •
'• -ri
'
. • 4<
'X
■n.tK=;<«W
’ • Ba&i ■
■. ,
'•«««*'
fK ,
• ^9^
; TX ■
.. '
i.
I
l
AS
1
I
1
J .
^?l
il
SOCHARA
'■'Ife
T:
SaS-<S®
:frfca
■a
f
'ha J Ml
l¥
I
R^4®
iaataBlgl
r?
IM
vs
11
' ■ ''F’l!
:■
W
W^IMAWCffl
k_J
3
(
Community Health
Library and Information Centre (CLIC)
Centre for Public Health and Equity
No. 27,1st Floor, 6th Cross, 1st Main,
1st Block, Koramangala, Bengaluru - 34
Tel : 080 - 41280009
email: clic@sochara.org / cphe@sochara.org
www.sochara.org
1
J.
«•
■
•
■
.
I
•'.lip
T
■r
1
■,-■■)■■
J -' /
■■W
■
-
■
A
it)
■;
. ■
Ilw- ■■'
W; ' '
■ 4
;v
f
•;
0?
c.
•Jii/
>
E x
'
a:
t -f
WwtjwlO
Ig
17
t!
r*
©"'
• f-
u.
>
I--':
(lEi
to*-
W-Tf ■ - i' A.: •
K
P,' J < A.' A, •■
'^.•-
>
'
J-
' ■ ■
'
'*■ ■■-
I
■ ■•I
'.-Xj
^.A'-'fc i 1' •■
teO^w.-..
!
’
;'- j A-
'J'?'-'‘jAAi
A:7 A-J
Sri D. DEVARAJ URS
Chief Minister oj Karnataka' •
(“•X
'
Htr
^57-~y
- ••
.2 .
pc
•.Xn*.
-irfrt" .-: ••
___ _____________________________
ji
......
o
.r y XMM-M
'’r)
.-.
• Sil S^BSllS’.''
'■ ■I f 11A :f,<
■RT- ■/■< - , :
■<'"'S
.'- t
,s
A J ’’S- ’&vft <r
••■•,.■
’•
•■■
•.
r
’•fee*
n
c
j
Mb, J
■
-;wi..
7 V ■■•."
’■■■•''
/
-
'■
■
...
.••■.-
i. ’ 5
...
s
■■■■■
■’•'>
•' 'h
■^.r
’Sb?
[•' 6
'
Q
<J
J
'■ ■ b
5©W7 ■
•.:■y
■I
.. 6
6
SSteSslWKgjSg i)
JHB
Oof®
■ ■•’
i
?
b
■
-
&
i
M*#
o
O'
o
c
I
o
■ 'T)
‘IfcvjX
•
.SB S>w5> ■. :
- "■■aU-.-f ■.-11,-1 A ^7il . .
,
•*•”> . ^. ■x.r »*r-'..
.j>-J'.7i; . A.^ • <•! . • • •.■
’
.
O’
■■
■
Sri D-K. NAICKER
Mmistcr for Law md Municipal Administration
>
m
y
’
•; ..-«.‘z-<•,...»«
V
-.-Hi-,-, .s;,. .- - -r.--^ ■
....... - A- ..................
j
n
a
u
j
G
G
J
'1
□
'
. .. .--
QMJ''
<72:-y^
a
u
1
•0
■
n
o
J
1
J
i
J
n
e
A
• •T .■
i
'&•
C '
kJ
r
■ ' ■LL/''?:•
pWS
bIS no gainsaying : the ..fact
(V
c
o
• :* 1
@1'
•
.si
T
.•'■■
e
o.
lw«M3S«-fa
fl'
F
.. ■-1MB:
;y... ' ’
:
'...../
•
.
•
■
•■■
■kill ■■
."' •■ -o,
s./h-i'.-v/
. : •kr.JV;
.
■
■■•
•
.'.I
)
-
; arethej
'large. extent
F ’
i;
jthese 'cen^ey
1^- * is a matter of
at thc. Centn
9entr® an^ rri the States
fe kiA .both at
-J realised the urgentneed
?•'; i iL'feOr^yhelotpf these.pen- tewho
were -almost^^^^g"
CA' IL
1
:
A^<
er
i_
gai*n“lg ^dependence
)£;; 1^: sunder the .inspiring leadership
ip
of
Mahatma
Gandhi, it was
• gt: i
•■'realised.that political freedomi would
■
be
meaningless
without !
> .■
ieconomic emancipktion and
.te? ■
’ :c?'^cctions of societv Jn
■yj^’was urgently needed^
m a Phased ’Programme
r'
>:;=
tai
«-i'; ?
k
c
’
!•••
■
f:?>.:•
I^sSSSt’*Si
1 y’
!-.decp-and profound rfcrrrt
. e- ?i1yt’■••■■ K.deen-anH
not'been
ed ‘
/ .not
been fulfy
fully imple£
imp
Jt 4S a matter of
reT?0Pmenda^ns have
K
to
: ‘l IY■■■ .i z^
at «»
^le Union
Uni°n Govornnon,
Governmen
,1 J Governments would make it
Y proposals as early
< ’ as possible. ’ P0“" ‘0
O*'
.1
•"
te iL
i1 <<' •.
ees SUCh as ^Ie
;;
Q::
■
'
‘ ‘
<■
■
cSec‘ 10 tte8
I
c
w '
C?
•f
I
Karnataka is concerned, it is a matter of pride
€■
™ w7*x«ixuv Chief Minister,
k.-
been not only sympathetic
t
-
' /' U
■r
•
J ’
‘
’MF
'
;
©
•aXBj
.
’.V,•'.*•••A*<". • •
•
A ••'• '■*■
-Sil.
J
• • ••
n
c
"■.A-
«»
;Z
’-S
j
1
•.■■
• 13
>3
w
W.
''4zrt'
■
p'
/•W'h
■!
53
'
-i
i
G
d
J
G
G
J
G
.
B
i!|!
• o
•1<n\
J
1
G
J
1
o n
o j
5
I
o
• o
p
..p
<•1 ’..
■p
’:••..•••.■
•
Sri rl. BASAVALINGAPPA
o
As Minister for Municipal Administration he introduced
many radical reforms to improve the living standards of
Pourakanniks.
—------------ -----------
a
;
■
;
■
■
i
Q
J
1
G
U
J
A
...................................... -
fl
1 J;. ’
•“Mix
a
W
1$
or
ST
r
b '
£-;
I
■
!
OT
a©’
/' help and valuable services rendered by Sri D._A. Subba Rao,
■^eei1 *0 vitiate all necessary measures to improve
Sri
f
i^vthe
first Secretary of the Committee and later Special Assist-ithe sad lot of Sweepers and Scavengers in particular. Sri
\
'
.'
ant,
Sri K. R. Lakshmana Rao, an able officer of the Revenue
'i. •' S*-2^^aliQgappat_young and enthusiastic , as ever, and with
a burning passion to set right injustice wherever it is found, '? ■ Department and the present In-charge Secretary, Sri C,_R_.
y'-.
.was niainly responsible, to set up this Committee to .examine ? < Murthi. They have cheerfully and willingly co-operated with
f' the^question bf iinprovrng the’hV^^^
. me and have worked hard without minding personal incon^‘bf^these unf6ftunate;people?^:It was^gain'?^:who changed
venience and hardship. To (he other members ol the Stafi
the., nomenclature of Sweepers'.and; Scavengers to that .bf^w
also, the Committee is gratefully beholden.
kast but not least, the Committee wishes to express its
present Minister' for Municipal ■Admi^tratipn/’‘'Sri D. K.
gratitude
and heartfelt thanks to the authorities of Municipal
'- Naicker has been extfemelyyhelpful 'and'sympathetic to the »Corporations and Civic auhorities at Bombay, Delhi, Cal'cause of these workers.;■•;;He-'has helped the Committee in
: cutta, Bhuvaneshwar, Hyderabad and Madras for their kind
’ '-several ways.'" All these leaders‘deserve dur'profound and
: co-operation and generous hospitality. The Committee was
,‘"heartfelt thanks.
•' •
•• 1 ■ ’ '
very much benefited by their opinions and valuable sugges
tions in the matter of improving the living and working
I will be failing in. my duty, if I. do ..not express my sense
conditions of Sweepers and Scavengers in the Country.
of gratitude to all.those Public-spirited/.-.leaders, Municipal
Councils, Corporations,'Village. P.anchayaths, Town PanchaThe Committee earnestly hopes that the popular Govern
; yaths and other ..Social and Service (Organisations who have
ment of Karnataka would leave no stone unturned to imple
• gone out of their way to extend co-operation and hospitality
ment the various recommendations of the Committee as
to me individually and to the other.members, of the Committee
early as possible. °
while we toured and visited these places, ’ ^During the course
of the discussions with these various Institutions and Persona
I. P. D. Salappa,
lities, the Committee was convinced that this question would
Chairman,
not brook any furlier delay.
Committee
on
the Improvement of
II was extremely lucky in having ..well-experienced and
Living and Working Conditions of
dedicated workers and labour leaders as my colleagues on the
Committee. . I aim glad to say that four ;of the members of
Sweepers and Scavengers.
the Committee attained offices of public.distinction and hof:'ӣ
• our, and one of them has been adorning the State Govern.
ment as Minister of State for Labour.’However, it is pain* UJ||\
full to record that an earnest and dedicated worker, SrP'^i
Mullah passed away in harness. He has rendered invaluable /
' service’to.'the Committee.
As Chairman of the Committee, I would like to record the
genuine and sincere appreciation of the Committee for the i
■J
I
■;•
r
!
p
0r"b'
**.
i
i
L"
ii
. T,
(1©
Win-.. , T-r.T .
.
.
J)
. . . I rf.
'
■dB'
,4-
!
.1
c
■!
I?'
■-■4)
?
. .
r
> r‘|..
CONTENTS
nK
Page
Pari Ono
CiurrttR
VIII
' IX
X
XI ’
Introduction
Scope ond Objectives of the Committee
BoHume of Work
General Observations
Jiomovalof Night Soil Scavenging
Service Conditions
Working Conditions
Living Conditions
Economic Conditions
Social Conditions
Health
XII
Education
XIII
Social Integration
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
Political Representation
Miscellaneous Matters
Social Security
Trade Unions
,.
An Appeal to the Citiecns
Framing of Stringent Rules against Committing
Nuisance.
An Appeal to .the Pournknrmika and Supervisory Stafl’
Pourakarmiks Day
..
i
ii
in
IV
v
»
VI
vn
o
o
-4h.y
XX
XXI
C
i
I
Ah
'■UinZ
II
1G
23
27
3G
45
51
50
61
5
Xk
c
r
mJ
6
AS
Ms>r
64
v64)
5
71
73
75
78
79
An
s
G
J
a
j
i
g
j
82
j
84
87
n
Q
------------- --------------------------
. -- ---------- ---------------- -- ---------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------ ..A.
Ji
0
I
I
- 1
Pti:.
L
page Nu.
Page No, ’
i.1;.
3 •••.: \;.] .
IdK
W-
\-«:= •. •••■■
. Rehabilitation
XXII
XXIII
Financial Resources
Why a Permanent Board
XXIV
87
b '■■■■■-
9
88
I
10
94
Part TWO
i•
: I
1 Soavongors Employed
s
r-'
3
others.
’
»
Changing of Nomoticlature as ‘ Pourukannikaru
4
instead of us Sweepers and Scavengers.
5
6
7
u
O
r,
a ■
IGii
Opinions ot Eminent Men
a .
Constitution of the Coinniittoe
Service Cceditions of Class IV Employees working
in Local Bodies—instructions regarding.
Celebration of the 25th Anniversary of Indopondonco
Day-distribution of olothos to Sweepers and
2
13
Pait Foil
Government Welfare Scheme Orders
' 1
ir. i
Gutter Cleaning Allowance
Amdiu.utiun of Scheduled Castes Tribes
12
131
Part tv/o
f*-'
KM
97
Tout Oosorvuthms
Coni Mona of Sweepers an
outside ICnruataka.
11)2
places of Public restaurants, etc.
0
1
ClUx
I
IT
Providing burial ground to Schuiluled CukIi'S . iiii'l
Scheduled Tribes pen, le.
Removal of communal name boards disjilaye'. at
89
Conclusion
XXV
’
1GU
Location of Liquor Shops
U3
3.
147
8
151
152
153
170
Observations of Elyupv.rumttl Committee on the Condi173
‘ tiousof Sweepers and Scavengers in the Conntiy.
3 71
Pahi l'‘ive
1. Questionnaire
of
the
177
Committee
2. Questionnaire on Socio-economic uomlitions ol
Pourukuriniks in the State.
186
155
Pabt Six
158
100
hotels.
1 GO
4. Letter of lute Sri 1>. Koduudu Uno
Supply of Towels, Bar Soaps, oto. to the Conservancy
Workera—sanction regarding.
Human Dignity Year—1973
••
■Reservation of 18 per cent of tho Budget of Munici
palities for providing civic amenities for Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Urban areas.
Serving of food and drinks to the Harijuns in the
■ ’
t Gnndhiji’fi article published in “llurijan”
1. Mfthatbma
dated 23rd September 1933.
2. Extracts from Jawuherhl Nehru's Spoeel. in o I'nidic
Meeting yfoSwcepers lid dut Delhi on 2nd Jai.nni} 1-W.
191
Interim Recommendations of the Committee
Part Seven
2Q5
Summary of llecomuiemlatioiis
vi
vii
•
V;.........
MS
-
-
■
vJUi/
Page Na.
1fc'? '. G' .‘I
I'-' '
•t)
Paitt Eight
ICxccrpts from
CHAPTER. I
the Roports
of
Various
I
Oommittoes
I
Tac Barve Connnittou 1949-51
II
III
221
The Malknri (‘ominittoa . I957-G0
The Pandyii CuinmjUvo 1967-69
IV
226
231
Gow,rnin nt f KorahPs Wage Board for Municipal
Workers I 971-73.
V
Tho Haryana Government Committee 1969-72
Introduction
r ij reCAlH
In<J'a lias. niiK’c laudable progress in many
fields. . After l ie country became free. India has been able
to achieve technological and industrial progress of high
order. We have been able to explode Atom Bomb and ■
send a Satellite into the space..
si■■i
237
.
In the lick! of politics India has successfully worked out
the b^g^democracy.in the.world. Similarly in the fields
r art’ milslc’ 5*‘]nce an(-l drama India has set up an example
lor others to fol low.
1
210
Part Nine
Statements of Statistics
1
255
Statement showing Pay-scales, working hours,
Holidays* etc.
267
4
Statement showing retiring and other benefits in
Vogue Pourakarmilcs in the State.
279
5
Statement showing housing benefits extended to
the Pourakarmiks in the Municipalities.
290
Statement showing
Pourakarmiks.
301
3
6
details of Children
C
,S
c
&
C
<5^
J
1
G
'.^Hi
suitwr
Statement Showing the Number of Pourakanniks
employed in various Municipalities in the State.
Statement Showing the Number of Scavengers
employed in Municipalities in the State and
other relating information.
2
■'B
c
245
of
o
o
ly-
viii
•
In spite of all these achievements it is a matter of shame
AlidrcgrcL that no tangible action has been taken to improve
the lot opweepers and scavengers who have been rendering
invaluable services to the society and they continue to be
where they were. In spite of all scientific and technological
progress the country has made, scavengers are still carrying
human excreta on their heads. The reason for this sorry
f^^^^G^r^unynagmatw
inhuma’n" approach of
the;.hafgHofled^
|I|4merance_anxHy^lYjSjjiclpub!Lc_o.ii the other. What
little beneWkre extended to these people today'are-mostly
due to the great elTorts of Mahathma Gandhi and
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar who roused the conscience of
the people towards these unfortunates.
Due to relentless efforts of Dr. Ambedkar, the society
as well the Government of Bombay became aware of their
duty towards (his much exploited and curbed section and
x VoSo1. Sht°U d g0 t0 the Q2iwnment;.af Bombay who in
1249_took concrete steps in ameliorating the 'conditions of
sweepers an^scavengers. It "Was the Government of
.. Bombay of 1949 which constituted theTirsLcver committee
in the country to go into the question of impFbVihgThe
hving and working conditions ofsweepers and“scaVeh^efs
Sn V. N. Barve headed the eomniktoe which
'■
...........................
• —-----------------------------
T
j
c
'jil-i.-l'’
liiis
t)
“Ihr./
{K
■U|.../
MttfeSR
L
d
1
r
G
J
G
Q
J
]
b ■
<. »
■dh
-,Ih-
. (
d
1
Q
0
-
/
G
___ Tfr
>
OD-;
C • •.
r
11
-p,-
F
6?."k' ■
c">
✓
Ck
k"
> Ihs.
©2'
c,
ii
i
!i
L A
<
/ :•
'-'5
r4
problems of sweepers and scavengers in detail. The Barye
Committee submitted its..jx^^l_.and recommenTlaTions in
1952, which contained references tc) the conditions of
.sweepers and scavengers employed in the districts of
.Bijapur, Belgaum, Dharwar and Karwar which were the
■parts of Bombay Stale at that tTme.
|
I
|
J^URAKARMIKS as decided at a Conference held al
New DelEnn the month of September 1972. ’
"‘Uptill now, th'e following committees have been
appointed by Central, as well as State Governments to
go into the question of improving the lot of sweepers and
scavengers..
. 1. Scavengers’ Living Conditions Enquiry Committee, '
State of Bombay, 1949-52. Sri V. N. Barvc was the '
Chairman of the Committee.
/
2. Scavenging Conditions Enquiry Committee,
Co nun it lee, /
Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, 1957-60. /
Prof. N. R. Malkani headed the Committee.
i
|
At the instance of late G. B. Pant, Minister for Home |
. Affairs, Government of India, a National Ccmmittcfi was |
set up in 1957 under the Chairmanship of Prof, N, R' "
Malkani to prepare a scheme to put an end to the degrading
practice of scavengers having to carry night soil as head
loads. The report of the Malkani Committee was submitted
to the Government of. India in 1960. The Estimates.
Committee in its 48th Report has recommended aTs-follows.
(a) The Ministry of Home Affairs should take a more £
lively interest and should impress upon the State Munici
palities and Local Bodies that it is of utmost urgency that
1 h.e .prHgticc^ of carrying night soil as head-loads be
eliminated within the shortest possible Jjme.
t (b) Such Municipalities and Local Bodie’s who, for
various financial and other reasons, may not be able to
immediately to change over completely from the practice
of carrying night soil on head to that of removing it in hand__carts_or wheel barrows, but may be ready to introduce the
scheme gradually, should be encouraged and allowed
financial aid.
o•
It would not be out of place to mention here
that it was 1 Iie Government of Karnataka, _ihc .first
jtate
to. ban by a Government Order carrying
carryin of
btate to
inglit soil as head loads or in any other form.
To commemorate the Birth Centenary of Mahatma
Gandhi-, as well as the 4 Human Dignity Year 1973 \ the
then Minister for Municipal Administration, Sri B, BasavaImgappa took, bold and concrete _steps to eliminate the
carrying of night soil in any form fn the State, It was
again Sri B. Basavalingappa who .changed the "degrading
nomenclature of sweepers and scavengers_ to that ^Qf
2
Al
Hr
j
sSaMi
'
3. The Social oWelfare Team headed by Smt. Renuka
Ray set up by the-Planning Commission in 1958.
Special Working Group on Co-operation for
rBackward
' 4. The
—
- -by the
.........
Classes set up
Ministry of Home
Affairs, \
Government of India in 1961.
5. Committee to study the working and service
conditions of sweepers and scavengers under the Chairman- /
ship of Sri Bhanupra’sad Pandya se.t up by the National^/
Commission on Labour in 1967.
’
.
These various committees have gone into this problem
in depth .and have made very valuable recommendations in
the matter of improving the social and economic conditions,
as welljisjjje living and working c\uiJitTo ns "of sweepers and'
scavengers. 'In.. spite of these recoiiinienclafions nothing
tangible has been done to improve, the lol of .these unfor
tunate people. It clearly shows the lackj)f desire to rescue
■
them from the depths of degradation to which they have
fallen. This was echoed as far back as 1942 when someone
asked Mahathma Gandhi whether it was not essential.
“ to reform the insanitary methods employed by sweepers ".
Mahathma Gandhi’s reply is worth quoting in full.
Gandhiji: “It is most necessary. What is more, until! f
this is done the conditions of scavengers will remain pitiable /
3
©
s
p
t
J*
.• Io [his end H js the duty of llarijan workers and caste
.habits and ignorant prejudices. The Health departments
I I liiidi.’-, io do scavenger’s work tliumselvcs. No caste Hindu
»*W
.
being official services take it easy, because the sweepers and
\ wili uinploy tlic mctliods used by scavengers. He will do
scavengers arc the lowest and weakest sector of tiie
the work scientifically. I;'or example, he will cover excreta
•community
and the general public is criminally indilTgrcnt
j witli dry earth and remove it in a metal wssal. He will
Each of these parties requires a fairly strong
.strong dose of
y avoid touching dirt with his hands as far as possible; he
education on public sanitation ”.
K will bdihc immediately after doing the work ; he will wear
\ special clothes, when scavenging. These reforms do not
The country is a whole will have to face a.great disaster
I d’d^t rnueb. \Vc may not relegate scavenger's work to one
if
urgent steps, are not taken to liberate the. sweepers and
•■ p
| pfiirtsc>afe^ caste. 1 iicrcforc. all should learn it in the same ?:
scavengers from the present socio-economic bondage. This
• ':;
/ w;!y ctS^Cook^ng. E«*-c>s person shmild be his ov.n scavenger.
is not going to be an easy problem as it appears on the
i
I Iflatest were tts be pm into practice in society, the i
surface. The political, social and economic emancipations
;
condition of sea veneers woukl .al once be b
have to take place simultaneously without causing any
•
S':./
k .^taxtifiocP.
damage to the existing order of things.
Bn: even t^ukiy the scanvenging work, though officially
The gtiste system has' been a great barrier for the progress
is still persisting, in many parts of the state. What
i v’S’
of our country.
From Ram Mohan Roy to Mahathma
t^e s&aNcnger was doing a hundred years ago to remove the
Su..^/
Gandhi. Maharshi Sri Aurobindo to Babasaheb Ambcdkar,
w$h*jSc4! m a. leaking basket and carry it ib a head-load,
.
SlBMK
every one has condemned in unequivocal terms of the evils
he j£5;tdl doing without any improvement in his methods
of caste system. A German philosopher has also said that
in Sp^tx-td ihe rccc.nmnendations made by Prof. N. R.
• a country which is wedded to caste svstem can not make
<)
Mahom’ in his report in I960. Apart from kike warm
i
any
progress,
a nd the publ ic apatiiy
on ly- '/thcr. the problem is bristling with many difliculties
nW
,
It is rather amusing that a few political leaders al (he lop
MiBkani lias rightly pointed out in his book
should be advocating an economic revolution to set right
<
f
Unclcan Country
as follows : u No
this lacuna without realising social, cultural and other
t £efleius-StexSy
been made of ns"variou> aspects and the
aspects of this gigantic problem. The integration ol'Aoelety
mcthtds ©f spprouciyfor solving its problems. As it is. ■
and the welding of the various disparate'elements into a
there ts an uttefr Ictck of sanitation consciousness al all levels, !
single
viable, unit is not an ordinary problem. There arc
winch makcssa'Diiatiei) drives mere spectacles for a passing
/
so
many
ditlicullies. But whatever may be the dillicultics,
show. We have become -nna^e light. and of late drinking
this has to be achieved to give a belter deal to I’ourakarmiks
water conscious, but not yet sanitation conscious. In fact
who have stilfercd in the past.
cnviormncnlal sanitalion is a term current only among so
('
callcdsanitalion experts who arc yet so few. It’is therefore
The first step in this direction is to educate them on proper
necessary to make the country sanitation conscious by
lines. Phis is a " sinc-quo-non ” for’their prosperity and
f
imparimg a sori of .sanitation education in a large and
'UI <
/
progress. There is no point Th talking of conferring any
serious
way.
The
present
'dtplorable
stale
of
sanitation
is
kind of benefit on them without at the same time making
I largcls due to ihe niter neglect of public, its ignorance, its
■tJig^rejilisii^yhc^
is .(heir goarin a
(
traditsmal habits and its old prejudices. The scavengin'.’
. Tllis. CiUl.. b.cuicli.ic.ved..by .a-cortecl-process —
caste lias become the most outslaiidiiig victim of these evils*
or education.
...
p'
o
■
■/':■ ■
p
©
Sl,> .J'
^K.X
1
I
I
\b
'b
I
n
0
?
0
J
J
0
0
J
0
J
1
a
u
i
a
o
j
n
a
j
3
a
j
h
■■
ip.
•
’■ "■
S^^yB^gP*'
’
r1!^-
"’'T .
q
a
. ...
xJ
a
.»
fi-5
dh 1
rv
3*
Q>
C., '
1
(>
r<*-,
t1'
I
KE^SS'li^o^-ixr^
enable Savarna Hindus also to take up this pmlessum. an.,
I•
. Education is the process of drawing out the best in men |,
r
thus achieve a measure ol equality. Instead ol niaung <>n \
have to play a worthy and noUble^part in a democrauc .j Scheduled Castes enter this profession it is heiici io
nursuade other caste Hindus also to enter tins piolessi.ai
“~jrfs no doubt true that many, educational concessions I and rub shoulders with other Scheduled ( a.4..’> peoi',.-.
have been extended in order to make them to catch up with .|- What is necessary is to make the I’ourakarrnilo Ice, (n; i
the rest of the society But unfortunately, no machinery | sweeping and scavenging are not '..creditary _i.:'..le .•.• m..
m Sn^t un W either at the Central level or al the
Thcv must treat them as such. In twsproccs',. it r. posMok
to make them realise ■ that there a.e more congenial and
Slate level to assess to what extent the Pourakarmiks and .
.4.X
paying avocations lor which thcv' are equahy lit am
other Scheduled Castes people have been bench tied by these ■
Siondly, il basko be
i
competent.
0
Another important point in (his programme of ameliora
require any new kind of .approach to. solve
Whatever it may be it has to be admitted that proper
tion is to hifnsL.J?91ilical consciousness, among the I’ourueducation will make them realise what role they have to
karmiks. 'It‘is because without political power no social
play and what responsibilities they have to shoulder.in a
legislation can be enacted. Levers of politic.'.I power ure
alwaysJn the hands of politicians.
corporate existance.
: , . .
/" Two things arc necessary to achieve these objectives. First
In a democracy, political power is necessary to achieve
' ; Savarna
Gava.ua Hindus should do all in their powci and
of all, the
social, ecdnomic and educational .regeneration. It is there
even eo out of their way to educate them in the correct
fore necessary that the interests of. Potiralmrin-iks . Hire
. way. There should be no menial reservations m this respect.
represented at all levels of the State Legislature a nd ( cm ra I
Secondly, those fortunate few among the Scheduled Castes
Parliament and Local Bodies. As lar as the Stale l.cgislaI themselves who arc educated and .occupying inlluential
dveTodierarecdncen^^
quota should be reserved
\ positions in life should make it a point to help their less
for
the
Pourakarmiks
.
If
necc<-.try
(hey may also l.c
I
.
....
..............
...
/ fortunate brethren to get educated as quickly as poss.b c
f nominated to the Local Bodies, the Upper Houses oi the
is no longer either moral or decent on the part or any
Legislature both at the State and Central level.
one section of Scheduled Castes to feel that they are supeno
As the Pourakarmiks form the lowest rungs of the
/ to other sections of Scheduled Castes. 11 has been observed
/ that in many places the Scheduled Castes people lhemse ves
social ladder, it is necessary that every ellorl is made io
/ do not welcome the Pourakarmiks. . In other words, his
forinulnU? coniprdK'iisive nn<l
iw mensiirrs h» improve
The process of exploitation of ihc^e
i problem has to be tackled on a war-footing because this ' their conditions.
Pourakarmiks by (he vested, interests should slop forihvvilh.
question can not brook any further delay.
It is no doubt true that p'eople belonging to non-schC".
The weightage in Government and semi-government
duled categories like converted Christians. Muslims und
establishments should be strictly adhered to so that the
others have also taken up to this profession. But their
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes do not suffer in
percentage is limited to three or four per hundred. Nabithe process. The Constitution has guaranteed hat IS pe
cent of the posts in Government-services should be reserved
rally, the Committee is more concerned with the lot of thefor Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. It would be
? ■
7
______ _
'
____6
.
.
0’
d"‘
w
rj
V
•
<
1
11
.4
. L _
C' 4
M
I
L
f
•
...
.
4
/I
f
m .5 I
rI1 I
. r
I . V 1 »I
'•
■ ’
,
remaining 97 per cent whose lot has to be improved, and
their standards of living raised to npprcciti.blc levels.
The Government of Karnataka were pleased to appoint
a Committee vide Govern nciit Order No. HMA 152 G’GL
72; dated ZTtdJie^
with Sri J.P.D. Salappa, a
well known and dedicated labour leader as Chairman of the
Committee to go into the .question of improving the living
and working conditions of Sweepers and Scavengers in the
Stale. The following members, constitute the Committee;
I
Commiitc'c. Sri A, K. Ananlliakrishna was elected as
Mayor of the Bangalore City Corporation in which capacity
lie. has rendered yeoman services as the First Citizen of
!
Bangalore. As a member of the Committee also
rendered memorable..services.
Chairman :—
1. Sri I. P. 1). Salappa. Bangalore
.Members:—
i.
2. Sint. Lakshmi Subba Rao. Bangalore
3. Sri P. N. Ramachandra. Bangalore
4. Sri S. C. Venkafesh. Bangalore
5. Sri M. Ragupathi. Bangalore
6. Sri A. K. Ananlhakrishna. Bangalore
7.
<S.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
i
I
i
The Committee is extremely glad to note that two
members of the Committee nameFy Sri A. K. Ananthakrishna and Sri K. Sriramulu. M.L.Aorose to distinguished
positions after they were no^ninated us members of this
pi
I
he
r
• '•kw/
W
w
' ■ K
6
The Committee will he failing in its duty if it docs not
acknowledge with gratitude the unfailing helo and encou
ragement so generously extended to the Committee by the
HonJde>
Administration.
J^rt D. K. Naiker.
•
~
■ ---------
fc
■V
0
c
u
Q
Q
J
Scope and Objectives of the Coimnittc.0
The term of reference of the Committee as defined in the
Government order ^Appended in Part Three) specifically
state that t.ie Committee has to inveslii’al'e the living and
't
■
' -
U...y
1
■
'■
ft is also stipulated that (he Committee
^^QLni^^aikTiis-j)LJke__Estiin^^
|_‘l£‘I5.!penLhlJls JSth Rqiprt and to make rccomnicnda19.1’ gGUlmill}! p.uU.ing_an. ciuL.lo~.(lie inhuman- -ami
0
J
CHAPTER II
i
j
j
d
rhe CommiUee is equally glad al the well deserved ele
vation of Sri K. Sriramulu,
as Minister for State
lor Labour
He is a distinguished and dedicated Trade
Unionist who has done his best to improve the lot of the
wo!king class in the Slate. As member of this Coinmillcc
he nas icndcrcd v»>’liable advise on various mailers rclati’)”
to the welfare of sweepers and scavengers in the Slate.
.W£..!.n_x.'i|||<>||.s Municij'alities.
ojjier
places ittiirmafee recohi'iiieiultitihns lo (lie~Go\:ernment
fo the special pW^’^^rnKiryHiie made hv fhn-ernment
raC-JfeiriUKlytiiiceiiicnt.
It is also sp-,■iti,.,ijhRr'iJvc
Commiuce has io investigate their -.jk'IuI. cconoinieal nnj
fctlticauoiial conditions and to make rce<>inm<»iul?i'|inn<~fnr
taking steps to accelerate the progress. nTiri^Wls;
o
Q
has
A
Sri T. R. -Sharnanna. M.L.A.. Bangalore
Sri K. Sriramulu. M.L.A.. Bangalore
Sri P. D. Bangera. M.L.A.. Mangalore
Sri Salhyanarayana Singh. M.L.A.. Hospct
Sri Konandur l.ingappa. M.L.A.. Shimoga
Sri S. A. Mulla. Dharwar
Sri G. P. Ganjigatli. Bangalore
The Committee records will) profound regret its sense
of loss and sadness al the passing away of SrT S. A. Mulla
of Dharwar. one of (he members of ihe Committee.
l ie
was a sincere and dedicated worker. His suggestions and
valuable advise were of inestimable value to the Committe.
©
u
><>
'! 'O
0
J
J
a
o
j
]
—
ISSSSSKSE
. )^
t?
........
*'•■ •‘«v.,.-u.;<...... .. ;.'. ?£^^,7;jL\"7lZgXira"HT?^'CTUU»^^
\Ju/
a<
.• ■4
lv&«pnrther .the Committee also resoivcu io uiscusb uiu vunu^
#M?-hJaministrative problems concerning the sweepers and seaunhealthy practice of carrying night soil as head-loads or | '^
W&vcfmefs oh the spot with the local olliciuls.
It was also
I
-^decided
to
elici
t
the
op
i
nion
.ofj^k.Xirgti.l)lgatioj'iihistXh;0
by physically handling.
,
«
rmnisations
private
individuals
and
legislators,
keeping
At the first meeting.of the CommitteeJidd.Bangakje I'
Coininlttec drew necessary
3rd MmchTO. the Committee con^dere^
■< .programme of work from time to time and carried on its
of
forming proper obje^ves«.
work successfully.
ground of the terms of reference citecT above he Comm
|
.also decided that eJTectLvejneasure^ shouW be taken to t
conduct a
ij
|
CHAPTER 111
o
..and working conditions of sweepers ,a’^/ct^Xstion of I
£jV51t^
state
The Committee also considered the Questioni
Resume of Work
7
‘ ; was appointed on 23rd Seplemtj f’ Although this Committee
^iveKgeiTSnd ensuring better standards of heaitn ano
ber*r972
and
oiricially
inaugurated on 22n^l;jcbruaryJ_d73
education of sweepers and scavengers. ,
bv
the
1-Ion'blq
Chief
by
1-Ion'blQ Chicl Minister SiiJlJkviiriilaAh's, and
As the Committee was proceeding in its work. Go ven- &
nresided
over by
I- the
"- Hon
u'"’ble
1-'1^ .Minister lor Municipal
ment themselves took steps to ab?lish.Jnm^fcovernment
Administration,
Sri
B.
Basavalingappa
and the first meeting
either as head loads or by physical hand y (Governmc n
of the Committee was held on 3rd March 1973 al Bangalore,
the actual work of the Committee could not" be started till
.1 aniiary~T974"Tor'various reasons cited below.
including health and education relating to sweepers
In the first place no Secretary was appointed. liven those
officers who were recommended for th<L.DR^A!Ld_no'. accc]>i
The" Committee framed a detailed \9UCrS\\OnT^sL
the olTer't The Chairman repeatedly represented to Govcrnrelating to all the aspects and relevent detatls of the livm.
menttliat (he work of the Committee was held tip lor want
and working conditions of sweepers and. ^enge?
of a Secretary . Thereafter Government was able to .secure
(Annended in Part Five).
In respect of socio-economic
the services of a retired Qlliccr to Goteinmcnl as Sc<.ici,u >
Editions of sweepers and scavengers inthe state^another
of the Committee. He took charge ol the post in the month
of May 1973 and resigned inQcttiber J973. I hereafter
S
«,^i?ed
Government posted ahfolliccr as the Secretary ol the Goinniithat whatever .information
ttcc in_ Noveinber.. 11973.
He loo was imnslcrccL. m
December 1974.
otlhc Q>mmiU(£Jiauallp^^^
Only after the appointment of •the Secretary the qticslion
of stall', accommodation and budget had to be tackled..
Since Government could . not deputise stall I tom other
departments, the Committee was permitted to rccrtiii iis
. it shoura enlighten the sweepers and scavengers about the
own stall'from locally available candidates. TheSiall allotted
new atmosphere and the new conditions which were calcu
lated to improve their living and working conditions.
11
••(
V
ry
c
e
$
a
<c
^!fc'1''
V"
t.
(
p’-
10
\ I
y
D
r
,, —
#
consisted of one Secretary, one P.A to the Chairman, one
Second Division Clerk, one Second Grade Typist, two
peons and a Car Driver. It can be seen that this sjall was
by no means adequate, to cope with the enormous volume
of work, that the Committee had 'to turn .out.
It is a
matter of commendation that these few officials rose to the
occasion and did very hard and dedicated work in spite of
so many difficulties in the way.
Again these officials
worked...for nearly five months without receivniig any salary
lor want of budget provision.
There »aS no oilice nceonnnodaUon ptoyKteel mul rhe
staff had to lead a nomadic existence.
After repeated
requests a snrajj portion pf an .OYCT-cro\vd.ed... Q_n»vC_\vas
pipvidcd in June’T9737'hwredve-r there was QQ_ec]Aup_nient__or
funiiturejnadc available for the Committee. To meet the
urgent needs of the office, furniture had to be hired from
private agencies.
LLntil June 1973 Government did not place any funds, at
the disposal oFthe Committee to carry on its day to day
activities.
After a good deal of correspondence and
personal representation a token budget was sanctioned;
Jn view of these facts it- can be easily seen that the Com
mittee's work was held up for nearly six months.
As soon as the budget was sanctioned the Committee
started its work in right earnest. The Second Meeting of
the Committee, was held on 10th July 1973 at Bangalore
when the Committee considered the question of putting an
end gradually to the inhuman and unhealthy practice of
carrying night soil as head-loads. A Sub-Committee, was
therefore, appointed consisting of Sri P. N. Rarnachandra.
Sri G. P: Gunjigalti and Sri A. K. Ananthakrishna. with
Sri I. P. D. • Salappa as Chairman to go into the question
and make suitable recommendations.
This Sub-Committee held its first meeting on 16th July
1973 and decided to visit A.nckaL._. Hosa^
l\ainanag;irain to study the existing method of scavenging
in'these places, and also visit Vjswancedart, a G\ai)dh.ian
t “ organisation where new types of lavatories were developed,
b Accordingly the Sub-Committee visited these places and
studied on-the-spot the instrument, used for.removing night
soil. The Sub-Committee had collected sufTicicnt data to
| make suitable recommendations in the matter.
In the
| meanwhile the .Government themselves issued .appro| priate orders completely banning the carrying of night soil
| in any method. In view of the Government order the Sub| Committee was dissolved and it was decided that the Comt mittee should devote all its attention to the question ot
”rti,’S
o
J
k- o
u
■ 3
k
b' o
r'
r
3
Q
As the Committee was iuh classified for .purposes of
I drawing T^.A. and [J. A., the Committee could not under
take any fact.fiii^mg'tour in the Slate till January 1974.
Only from this dale the Committee eould'goon study tours
collcclively and visited Gulharga Division on its first lap of
study tour.
The Members Sri P,. N. Rarnachandra. Sri S. A. Mulkt,
Sri G. P. Ganjigatti and Smt. Lakshmi Subba Rao accom
panied by the Chairman Sri l.P.D. Salappa visited various
places m Gulharga Division consisting of BdlaLV^Raichtir.
Qtdbarga and 13Idar Districts in the month of Jantiarv T974
and collected valuable information.
After this the Committee consisting of the same live
members visited Mysore and Coorg Districts of Mysore
Division, and during this tour it became evident that it was
not possible for all the members to make a collective
tour, ft was therefore decided, that each member should
go on his or her own tour to collect the required data. This
was accepted by all the members and they have done so.
The Committee expresses its sense of gratitude and indeb
tedness to these ipembers who have done invaluable work.
In order to have the comparitive idea on the living and
working conditions of Pourakarmiks elsewhere outside the
i State, the Government were pleased to accord permission
to the Committee to visit Bombay, Delhi, Cakutta and
.
•
O
-fe) n
#*5
Si.,./
b
G
j
o
o
t G
■ fc
J
G
;6
6
i
1
a
.. -■©—u
—-X.-r^—,.
*
•
’
1
. .....
j.
. .....
■.
rWj
1
’■•‘i ■
CD'.....r ii
C>^
’ 1 '
I
c
g
'*MP/
r
F
e'/
<*■7,
c^€
0
<F
h
£
C^ ■
”7V'
0^
-
f
-
’
'
'
Accordingly
visited the^ .mp
.,
c t n ne
Bhuvanesliar.
- and it/observations
_. the Committee
.
ve
arc separately k and'Sr’ P. D. Bcngcra MI..A with Sn I r• P‘
' cities noted, above and its observations
L Chairman to prepare the clnifL_rcp.Q.rt._Qf the Committee,
incorporated.
about
the
living
and
* i The first meeThg of^ S^-Commiltce
al Mysore
Qnc ofwas
lhcheld
nieml
,s Sl.,
In order to elicit all relevant details about me living?1 a j,
working conditions of sweepers and scavengers the Com- ] <5 A Mulla did not attend the meeting as he passed away
mittee at its third meeting held on 25th July 1973
|
1 at'Dharwar. At the Ninth Meeting of the Committee held
an elaborate ‘Questionnaire’ prepared.
fifc Quuliofr]* at'Hubli on 5th JanuSry 1975 Sri T. R. Shamanna, M.L.A.,
naire was accordingly sent to the Government Press in t j Sri S. C. Venkaesh, Sint. Lakshmi Subba Rao, Sri M. Ragumonth of October 1973. The printed Questionnaire was
nathi and Sri A. K. Ananthakrishna were also co-opted as
' received in April 1974 after a lapse of five months, during , members of the Sub-Committee for drafting the report.
which period (he work of the Commilteb came to a standThe Committee resolved that an ‘ hitcnmJLyioTL should be
stiil.
■’
. ‘
t
submitted to Government by 23rd_January 1975. Accord
The copies of the Questionnaire were circulated to all
ingly the ‘Interim Recommendations’ were submitted to
. I Local Bodies, public institutions, socio-cccmQinic
the Hoh’ble’Minister for Municipal Administration. Sn
| uons’aiid distinguished individuals and allTegTsTators in the
D. K. Naiker in person by the Chairman and other members
hTOTs^T^I^
---- Th$ replies from Local
on 23rd January 1975.
i Bodies were received only in the month ot December 1974 •
after a good deal of pressure and persuasion being exercised
The Committee felt that it was necessary to collccLfitotual
at Government level. The Committee notes with regret that
data on socio-economic conditions of Pourakarniiks as it was
some of (he Local Bodies in the State have_not__sxn_t.their
foravailaBirfrorh any source, and accordingly prepared a
replies 'so FaK and" "even those replies ._seiLL._ by other
comprehensive questionnaire on socio-economic data. It
Municipalities are neither 1 actual ^iLj^mpr^h£nsLY.e. ■ was also found. necessary not to entrust this work to any
These various defects in the repli'es came to the
agency except the official members of the Committee and
notice of the members of (he Committee when they wore on
the staff, because it was the experience of the Committee
lour. It is regretted that service orgaiiisulion&—Dp-Vatc . that Municipal councils and other Government agencies do
individuals includin^-kgislators, have not_seniAinyLrcphcs at
not go in depth to collect the various details relating to the
aTE—msTegrettable that Such an important question ol
socio-economic conditions of Pourakarmiks. It was also
"Improving the living and working conditions of swcepcis
felt necessary that the Committee itself should undertake
and scavengers should have met with such iWItthcL^
this arduous task of collecting the census of each family of
half-hearted attitude on the. part ol law-makers and Jhe
the Pourakarmiks in the entire State. 1 may he pointed
IHiblicJt .
out here that no agency has so far collected this important
The Committee is clad to remark that late Sri g^Kodanda
information relating to the Pourakarmiks. The CommiRao, a publicist and a great social reformer readily complied
tee wishes to express its gratitude to each one of the
with our request and sent .his valuable suggestions in a
members and the staff for collecting this valuable informa
prompt manner. His letter is appended in Part Four.
tion by going from door to door .of Pourakarmiks and
eliciting
all embrasing details about their personal, social,
At a meeting held on 21st .lune 1974 at ghi^mmghir it.
economic
and cultural life. This is a unique achievement
was decided to appoint Sub-Comnuttce consisting of Sri
in
the
annals
of preparing reports on the living and working
P. N. Ramachandra. Sri G. P. Ganjigatti, Sri S. A. Mulla
conditions of Pourakarmiks in the State. It can be said
14
15
.'TSk .- ,
r
i 1
I
IT’-
c
'
with pardonable pride that no committee or commission.- W;
e' towns and cities clean. I he removal of dirt ai^l
’s question
minute details as this
this..garbage, rand a Iso humdii ex'jreUi was a very fnlhy job.
has gone into tin
this
c^uesllon in such minute,
Committee
has done.
’
. .......... ..
—"T •
" '
.!a| bThedso-caded upper castes of Hindu society consider tins
’ ® jobmot only below their dignity to do, but also a job not to
The Committee notes with regret that Government ^idW Tb^ddne ,by-the upper classes. ' not stipulae any ime limi for complein_
18
-^^the SO-called uppeqasULoLBiudiL^dfily were
j submitting the report. The term was extended • by smalli
not supposed to handle the, job of sweeping and scavenging;
periods of one month, two months and so on with the result;^
I . that the Committee could not carry on its work at a stretch'^ ‘they.naturally assigned the. filthy work to the ‘untouchables",
who were socially and economically oppressed. These
' in this atmosphere of doubt and uncertainly.
untouchables had already taken for.granted that it was their
T'hc Committee is of the opinion that whenever such fact
duty :to fulfil the -commands of the upper castes and
QoYem-. M therefore willingly took to this'profession.• In this way,
finding committees and commissions are appointed.
.
me.nt should make it a point to extend^all ‘possible facilities; ^ today the predominajiLDiajor^
Md.scayengers
aj]d^s.uJTicient time jnterval to prepare suitable and compre-KW hail, fror^he. ScheduJeAl ...Casles,
hensive reports. The experience of this Committee is that >
In' Karnataka the Scheduled Castes arc split up into
without a suitable and a fairly reasonable term it is not $
possible for any committee to go into all aspects of $ several groups and sub-divisions. Of these the predominant
complicated questions and submit a workable and at the T groups are, the Right Section (Holeyas) and the Left Section
(Ma'digask Further these two main groups consists of
same time a feasible report to Government in lime.
;..-j
various other groups. All the sub-castes of this community
Tn all the Committee held 3? ineetings in various places ^
have not taken entirely to the profession of sweeping and
of the State, It is hearteningtp say~tlTat all the membersJ
scavenging. From time Lny^iemorial they have been 'engaged
look very keen and personal interest in the work of the’t in agj,£c^lturalJd?oj.jr?.f^pihg.Md.--Oihe.r-- menijil jobs. "Even
Committee. Without- minding their personal inconveni-1 today'majority of them are carrying on their age old pro
ences and- in spite of many hardships thi members have ® fessions and look down with contempt on those who have
carried on their work with a sense of dedication.
' I taken to sweeping and scavenging for their livelihood.
’ 'E
•
Ms. V
r
’ ----------- ---
*■.i*.
j
a
i?-
j
o
•
j
Id
n
a
c
' to
i
b oc
j
0
■ .’jp
sw
T
—...................... -
r
©
■J
It is now obvious that lhe.se people who took to die
CHAPTER IV
profession of sweeping and scavenging had.jio other alternalive, because all qdicr professions wcrciclosed to them. They
General Observations
1 had: to adopt some profession to make a living. The only
It is really difTicult to say when exactly this profession of I profession which they could readily take up. without conisweepers and scavengers took its origin. In ancient India | petition from any quarter was that of sweeping and scaveng
when the pressure, .of population was very much less and | ing. Society at large also wanted that this filthy work could
be...done only 1 by these unwanted people. Majority h)f
when there were only a few cities worth the name this j
sweepers and scavengers in Karnataka belong to Telugu,
profession did not assume any serious proportions. Only ■
'SPga
king Madi.ua comnnmity who have Jiijgratcd from the
when the P2.pulation_gre.w by leaps and bounds, and big j
neighbour]ngT^hSKn
JVailesli. The districts, o’f erstwhile.
cities came into existence, the problem of maintaining the < JLemHX of Madras Province,
QljttuGJCaruul, Atumthpur
sanitation of towns and cities arose. It become necessary to ■
j
LAV»C, S.b.o!—-3
17
I
c
J ■■ .**'>
a
j
■t?
<
e
u
o
j
o
x.lk.y
—y
.—
■
o
o
i
________
iiii
and Nellore of/Andhra Pradesh were frequently subject to 1
contact with them.. In this way those who took to sweeping!
and scavenging'work became a separate entity.
'
ships. Naturally they had to migrate to some place where |
they could get openings for making a hying. As Karnataka £
was very close and also propsperous they all came to llus |
|
area to earn their
t..... livelihood.
v
>^..3
they
could
easily
get
a
footing
in
Karnat
For two reasons
Firstly
because
the
local
Sched
uled..Cas^s.
were
j
taka.
1
---- ----•—- ——.
uhwjibu
uw
J
d.L
Jv
Secondly
as.
these
|
unwilling to do this degrading work.
iinmigrants could not get jiny__olher kind ol work they 1
readily got absorbed in
m this profession.
Pr%CSi;l^2 As there wasjio r
competition from locaLR&Q-ple. and at the same time as there |
^was
nothing to fall back on in their native P
places
Andhra,
v^sh^
laces in Andh
5a* t
rz.-__ z™'
these immigrants
settled down in Vsirnntuk'n
Karnataka nftrmanentlv.
permanently.
This.new
This
new profession developed in all
ah its
its^ramifications
ramifications after »
the advent of British rule in India. The British Government j
Jp^Lself gp.y^.r.n- J
in India gave
aave a fillip to the development of JpfiaLsfejLgpy^rn. ment to Took after the various problems connected with the j.
development of towns and_ciLi£S» One of the important
functions of these local bodies was to jnaintain_.sanitation .
and public health in a salhjI^rY.man.n-er. Therefore they i
persuaded the new local bodies to employ and maintain
suitable
for both sanitation and conservancy work. For
ii^ this kindstaff
of work they could get only these Scheduled Castes
who were willing to do this work. One of the reasons for
their ready .acceptance is that these new posts afforded not .
only a sense of security, but also
fixed .m
salary. These people were badly in need of such facilities.
TfTcourse of time they could also get the other members
of their families recruited to these jobs. When this process
continual for a generation or two it became a hereditary
profession.
.
I As these people settled down to their new jobs with a
sense of security, the other Scheduled Caste’s began to look
upon them as a separate entity. The sweepers and scavengers
also felt that there, was no need to establish any kind of
contact with others, who were unwilling to have social
Today, the position of sweepers and scavengcis vis-a-vis
the Hindu Societyois very uncomplimentary.
The caste
Hindus have comp' Io"The conchision TTal this piofcssion
is reserved only for the ‘ untouchables \ as though the pro
fession is always to be linked with a particular community.
All professions have their own dignity including that of the
Pourakarmiks.' It is utterly untenable to say that only
the so called ‘untouchables' have io do this work forever.
The only way of removing such a misconception and at the
same.time eliminate the stigma attached to-.the profession
of Pourakarmiks is to encourage other caste Hindus also
to ta ke up this profession.
>xw|
^’fl i
n^ ■. • > ■...> sJ
g'a
1
ill
Iff
I ■M
»
■
t*
a-
Q.
C
I
J
11
••••• »*'
w — W-. w.
- - —
----------- 4
i
O'
'
@<
&? ,
c>
r-.
■ V
V'F
Unfortunately the caste Hindus who are occupying
positions of importance in Local Bodies do not want their
community people to take tip this profession which they
consider derogatory to their self-respect. It has come, to
the notice of the Committee that in many Municipalities the!
caste Hindus who have been recruited as Pourakarmiks due
to acute unemployment problem ’at present are allocated
not their legitimate work of Pourakarmiks. but som other,
work which has nothing to do with their appointments as
such. The Committee deplores this attitude and strongly
recommends that wherever and whenever a non-Schcduled
Caste person is appointed as a Pourakarmik he must do his
work like other sweepers and scavengers. All the Poura
karmiks irrespective of caste di.stinctions.should be treated
on a par with others.
In some areas there arc Muslims and Converted Christians I
also working as sweepers and scavengers. While the i
Muslim Pourakarmiks are accepted by their co-religionists \
the Converted Christians are kept out of social intercourse.
The Muslims have adopted an attitude of friendly tolerance
towards those who have taken up this profession which the :
caste Hindus also should adopt. The Muslims have set
an example to other communities •because they alone have /
19
18
W-f
■
e»
t>
4
I
.!
1
I
i
t
5!
O '
a
St ;
1
Y<:‘’.-Those who have taken up the profession of sweeping and
L’ivcn a^dcccnt and correct name ap.i^Qprja.lc.lo...this..prpl.esiiLn. TTie^sweujSLis Tihd scavengers arc called as ‘HALAL-. ;t ’ scavenging belong to the communities of (l^Madiga,
(2) Golla Madiga; (3) Madurc Madiga, (4) Mahar, (5)
KIIOK which in fact mean ‘ A-Plil.<SUM. W.1.LO EARNS
Madar, (6) Mindu Madar, .(7) Vodda, (8) Bovi, (9.X
IJIS LIVLLII IOOD IN A RIGHTEOUS MANNER \ Il si
Holeya, (10) Donibari, (11) Koli, (12) Channa Holeya,
unreasonable on the part of anyone to attach any kind.of
(13) Chaluvadi, (14) Mochi, (15) Lumbad, (6) Koraga
stigma to any profession, because all professions including . j
of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Muslims and
dial of Pourakarmiks are iju|?.oxta.Lll_and: sacred.
A time |
Converted Christians. The sweepers and scavengers speak
has ci.me when the profession of Pourakarmiks has to be f
iuspc'cted because without their willing co-operation it is J . various dialects such as Tamil, Tulu, Jyannada, Urdu, Maran,)l hmger .possible lo lead a healthy and happy life.
| (hi, Hindi, although majority of (hem speak Telugu.
!
I
I i
: -:5 KMi i-' /rY -K
rS
There, are al presen^.l2.351 Pourakarmiks employed in
in the old Mysore SlaLC-,both sweeping and scavenging |
various
Municipalkies and Corporations in the State.
wtts doiic.by^MyukiPilL^mpldycs. Only in N.orl.h-K-a-r-na- |
Among
them
7088 are men-and .5263 are women. However.
(aka die work of.scavenging is still done by piiyale...workers |
f
thejComr)B.t.t.ee„.luUjnpt
taken the statistics of sweepers aiid_
who are engaged not by the Local Bodies but by_pltizeixs. j
s'cavensers
who
are
w
’
or1<mg"'in
Factories, Railways, Police '
Thcs< workers who hailed mostly froni Haryaiia..and-UlLar |
department, Town and" V i 11 age Panchayat fis/ Ta Iuk'Boa rds.
)_TK*c>h and who arc called (Balmikis* arc engaged to do |
^an5~ aTsSTThose "working as private scavengers "in NTor(TT
"the scavenging work of carrying night soil on a monthly |
^Karnataka.
.
"
~
’
remuneration paid by each householder.
?
But in the year I973j.be Government of Karnataka issued I
The Committee has observed during its visit to various
orders to all the local bodies baiuuilgJl^^
| i Local Bodies in the State ^iat the supervisory stair are in the
soil mdieryis head-load or±y..cm:ts.
Many Municipalities |
habit of hurling very obscene and vulgar expressions at the
Pourakarmiks in general, and to’ lady Pourakarmiks in
lufve implemented this order under reference. But there |
arc many other Municipalities in North Karnataka area |
particular. The abusive and vulgar expressions ..they use
where scavenging, is still done by private workers. I he [ I are by all. standards unbecoming'of human beings. In a
reason, why it was a failure, in North Karnataka area is f
civilised society such an altitude, cannot be. tolerated.
due to a defects in Jhc Gcwernnwn^orderJtself.
It is I
The Committee has also observed that the officials oRjhe
obviotK that such an order couKrhotlK implemented by I
Local Bodies when they address women Pourakarmiks they
forget they are addressing human beings as themselves and
those Municipalities where there were no..underground f
not animallsjis they seem to imagine.. The Committee
drainage systems. Secondly, the Government order: did., opt |
strohgly VeconTnrcricls’ lhat.
should be
ban seav<m.gij.UL.. by private people.
Thirdly, the said fv
laken against those officials, as well as the members of the
(TwvHimciil order didjiot provide alternate enijMovm^llt ’Jpublic who use foul, abusivg--and. vulgar toiiiaue towards..
to thosj private scavengers m the event ol their losing their
the-Pourakaxm-iks.
livelihood as a consequence of this order. As against this,
the old Mysore Stale was the pioneer in introducing underThe Committee feels that it is necessary that the Commis
uround drainage, and scavenging was done by municipal
sioners
and Chief Officers of the concerned Local Bodies
employees themselves.
Hence the Government order
^mLlcLinJS.Lri.LCL_th.eir
subordinate staff on the urgent need
referred (o above could be easily and successful))
to cliajige their attitudejind always make it a point to be
implemented.
20
.trx^S^WJs
-
■
-
-
-
-
•
1T
■
o
a
6
3
1
a
j
-. ®
c
kJ
•
v.lju/
Mw/
1
c
G
J
q
'uiu,-.*'
a
j
. s>U./
o
''Ti
' W.''
m
•..uy
i
G
J
1
a
U
I
n
G
•i
■—
"...
’... "....... . .... . . . Mb ' ' :•'? " ~ 5
._____ _ ________ L--------------- - ------------ -"ft-
^^fe&^deadfbod£s^^urak^iks although the
fi
jollte and courtcosUo all
"donocconformlo
have parsed orders that tins should be dom.
. .1.. • ...
... i__~»i,a ambuluncc uncl hcurst. vuns
?»B^TC7e'adi'lv available to Pourakarmiks Moreover
’t'^illpayment
not be isredemtmdeU
y
makin"
ATas
^^these vehicles available
U)
■ I courtesy and consideration.
Thwefore^he Committee recommends that
ComJ Sh r
ffebS «dTESTU shoutd bo .node avaitoMo to
ggeited above
. In addition to the ^“^scHled Castes people
Hid who
S i '
those n.nator^.
mittee also feel that such of the Scheou^fession should also
illtreatPourakarmiks becauK of^
.Ty/0 |
^XuXKkely that the (ale as well as U* hnure
be punished under the s‘™c
, . tiat6 this view point |
\ instances can. a so be (T1,otep ° mittee observed with regret f S pourakarmiks in the Stale will improve io any eons.du ■
of the Committee. The Com
nation ,is being shown to ' J able extent in the foreseeable future.
that hSiraTown-a lot of disc
Castes who do 4
_________
,
..,t
. , pouraEafmiksbTother
constructed for them
not even allow them ^^^Tchildren of Poura- |
CHAPTER V
by the Municipality. ^nd.™Sr!° the Nursery and Primary '
karmiks are also no admitted g the Nursery
D.
Removal of Night Soil—Scavenging
okL
TTh» svstem of removing and disposing night soil in.
in^okL
Mysore State was by far lite best .method, when compared
’> SKSWa XS of Sebedaled Casus
'"W.
'w
■W
f
e ■•
it
If"
©t
I
ft >
■ft 'v
ft
0. ’r
i
c-
%
Q:
€
C <■
» >
(>*,
■I
’ I
It’
I
■I
t
I
I
In respect of Sira episode^t ^highly «^blea violant
Scheduled Caste people ,of this t
r^karmiksPof this place,
and unreasonable attitude to tne o
situations exist all
The Committee has noted tha
st that immediate
over the State. The Comm l e
hlen these errant .
steps should be taken to educa £d t- g8a hostile and un
scheduled Caste Pc°Pj®\ PiraoWn brethren who are PouraX*toSupervise and control such oeonrencer
$
.\ to Observe that
th. the otherot th-S^Xil
nXo»
Sch
buried in their
V?
h
J’S
22
I
c^, •.
; ■ .•'/ ■
that no Loeat Body or
1
■5
g=3aSsSS£r'T
«-SE=SsEE:i
as this was a^very good’nitrogenous manure, the farmers
from the surrounding areas would come in their carts. oikc
sJsllmwaJ prevaihng1 ptZUdR all over'S Mysore State
*£ -
r;xrs
■i
I
I
"i
sI ■
I
;’
g
K
8
H
$
a
I
fi
II
Sghfsoil as a head load or in any other form did not arise
I■
at all.
....... of
......thcibig
towns like Mysore, Bangalore,
However in some
of' scavenging did assume some
K.G.F. etc. the
t .problem
”
' 23
I
$
I
•i!
'.’JR
C9»
(
f*C
d
3)
C
.. -5
imj^ortance because of jiKSsurcjjf population and non^yil'JAbiJjty of space for constructing soak^Tt'Tavaiories,
In this way the Local Bodies in these places were
obliged to employ scavengers to remove the night soil. It
has to be pointed out that there arc two types of scavcni’in"
naineiy, Wet Sciivenging and Dry Scavenging.
°
.^0
RO
■■
i
■
i— -
!
-
',-i*
....
T
• -
-«—
■
■ ;:^^g^aggfegw
By and large the sweepers, generally spftaking are doing
dry scavenging also, because in the process of sweeping
sweenina the
streets and cleaning the gutters, they generally remove the
dried up night soil
soiHleposTted
driec
deposited on pavements, by-lanes, open
s reels and gutters, whereas the regular scavengers remove
he human excreta from the lavatories,........
in a -J
very------crude and I fe/.C’
unhealthy methods. To explain it a I11.
little furtherJiow they 5
■
i
‘
actually do
it is as follows. The male
le or female scavenger ’
take leaky baskets covered with leavesis to the lavatories and
scrap the human excreta with a small piece of tin sheet'
Alter collecting the excreta in this maimer
manner they carry it on
heir heads when the liquid portion-will be trickling down
their laces and necks in a most abnoxious way.
In the new Karnataka comprising Hie districts of Kaichur
B'dar (Lulbarga.. Bijapur, Bclgaum and Dharwar. the
mcihod of removing night soil is-more or less the. same.
Invic is one dillcrcnce, viz., that where as in old Mysore
area the scavengers were the employees of the Local Bodies
m the new Karnataka area the majority of scavem'crs am
privately engaged by citizens then>clvcs.
°
The year 1973 was observed throughout as the “Year
of Human Dignity. 'Ihe Government of Karnataka bcii><>
very keen that the age old unclean and morbid practice of
carrying night soil should be eradicated, took necessary
pXSt° p™"yipl.le a Government Order (Appended in
Part Three) totally banning the currying of nightsoil through
out the State. While, the whole of the old Mysore could
implement this order m letter and spirit, the same was not
done in the North Karnataka area.
There is special
reason for this failure in the integrated areas. There -ire
four reasons for (his failure. Firstly, (he scavengers were
c
'■MhvX
igB^
I
:•
'.^x
C
a
sp^Traa
]
'■■.■
\»li*'
<4^
S4|J
ftJ
a
j
sasa
■
•Hum/
’‘4%
'■w.y
B^?***” ’• tf** *>} "'
'
•. )
/wi4\
jr
'• dytiit/
”) •
!
H
11^
scavengers collect human excreta from VET—i—"'T*"•"—
trapping ft with a small
xcreta from the latrln.es by
~
- P ece of dp sheet into-buckets or baskets
. 9
• |«i„/
’JO--'
n
a
j
n
a
d
j
d
a
j
a
u
j
Q
■;—.................
d
H- - ’-ir*'3s^r '• .'^Y —
rn'
0
1
■>'1
Xi
i'
q
o
H'
L/ hot the employees of Municipalities. Secondly, even in t
; tho’s'e few places where they were actually the employees of
; /.Local Bodies the citizens themselves protested against the ,
jL; abolition of scavenging srvice and brought in court orders j
I/. restraining the Municipalities from enforcing the Govern-ii
ment Order under reference. Thirdly, the private 'scaven- i
gers themselves were unwilling to give up.this profession .
which has proved to be quite lucrative and hence thev '
approached law courts to issue stay orders to nullify the
Government Order abolishing scavenging. Pourlhly, it has
to be pointed out that the Government Order itself is defec
tive because it does not contain any provision to punish those i
who engage scavengers to remove the night soil.
!
1:
j ■ l»
’• V
I
%
f
.•ii’
i
air
“r:
8
■
O
I
u.
0Cr..
O"
a..>
I
i
!
<> V
&
oe>
€ Z
c
(*C
*
In the Government Order it is specifically mentioned thal\
wherever the house owner is unable to convert his lavatorvi
into flush out type, the concerned Municipality should them’-i
selves undertake this work and recover the cost from thc\
house-holder in instalments.
The Committee notes with j
■regret that in the entire North Karnataka area not a single ;
Municipality has implemented this order of Government, i
Although the Government have sanctioned specific amount
of money by way of grants for this purpose, either this I
amount has been diverted to some other item of work or
not spent at all. In either case the object of the Government ;
Order has been defeated. The Committee strongly urges i
upon Government to i^sue specific directives to these erring ;
Local Bodies that they should on no account postpone this
important worje and tiat they should convert all the old
lavatories to Hush OtiHypc within „a ,specific
(,w.,v ..ni
time mi
limit"
failing which they are liable to disciplinary proceedings.
If this Government Order is implemented, the private
scavengers will certainly lose their means of livelihood It
is predsdy lor this reason that they are resisting with all
tneir force. If411eniate..meiin.s_of.Jj.yeLi.ho.Qd. are provided
to tnem, there is no reason to doubt that they will wholeheartedly co-opera.te with Government in implementing this
order. (Whether it is in Government departments or in
private establishments, factories or quasi-Government
L.W.C. S.S.---- 4
25
..
—
.
....
O
i
I
I
i
!
I
■23
s
agencies it is necessary to rehabilitate them, because they I before. The Committee therefore sounds a note of
must be provided with alternate placements to eke out their { warning that this should not- be repeated in respect of the
new modes recommended now.
, living. The Committee therefore recommends that in
! future the recruitment policy should be so modified as to
Those sweepers who are assigned for work in cleaning
, make it possible to give first preference to these private . \gutt^7pIibTi7777a7Jries‘7n77X?ol7r
scavengers while.making appointment to several cadres in ; Jto serious health hazards. The human excreta and o her
heir respective establishments The Committee also
/rul,bisIl whicI1 they lliincIIc ,jn the
f
1
strong)y recommends that it shall be mandatory on the part
(brecd dangerous bacteria and disease-carrying germs This
of the Social Welfare Department to see that these private
jis anothcr kind of open scavencinc which® is 7m' v
- - open scavenging which is equally
scavengers are suitably rehabilitated as suggested above,
I [abnoxitus as carrying night soil as head-loads. In either
The maintenance of Public Health is also the XQ^pom I Jcasc they arc subject to the possibility of contracting
^iblih-y of the..citizens. Local Bodies alone cannot carry I i deadly diseases. The Committee has recommended elseout any programme in this regard without the whole- J ! where that suitable protective clothing and foot wear
hearted co-operation of the general public. The nasty .| ! should be provided to them. It is also necessary that
habit of allowing children and adults defecating the public ■I the concerned Local Bodies should in addition to extend
thorough-fares should be stopped forthwith. By making
I ing free medical aid, also get these workers medically
'o
use of public places for attending to calls of nature, people J checked up once in three months. The Committee also
recomm&tids that those Pourakarmiks who are engaged in
should realise that they rre spreading all kinds of endemic
and epidemic diseases. ,rhey must be severely restrained 1 this kind of work should be paid an extra special allowance
; equivalent to 25 per cent of their basic pay, and their work
Irom doing so. It must be made a punishable offence
I also should be, changed once in three months in order to
entailing fine upto Rs. 50 or failing which simple imprison
i allow them time to recuperate their health.
ment for a week. All the Local Bodies in the State should
be empowered to exercise this Jaw within their respective
jurisdictions. Unless such a kind of deterent punishment
CHAPTER Vf
is imposed, it is not likely that our people who are utterly
k^illglnjiny^Xi>e_of civic consciousness will.come around
I
Service Conditions
'v*
and keep the areas cleans"”7?';
’
I On 1st of November 1956 all the Kannada speakine areas
In this connection the Committee wishes to reiterate what
:
were brought together and the new Karnataka Stale was
happened in the forties of this century in the limits of the
Bangalore Corporalion area due to the negligence or apathy ■ formed. Five dilTerent regions were merged, and naturally
there were different patterns of Civil Service Rules in these
of Local Authorities on the one hand and utter indifference
areas. Even after integration these different areas are
of the public on the other. In the City of Bangalore
following the rules which were in vogue at the time of
Corporation area there was a strict order that whoever
integration.
For instance the Bombay Karnataka area is
allowed children to foul the public, places were punished
still following the Bombay Municipal Act. Similarly the
with a fine of Rs. 5 for each olfence. This worked very
Hyderabad
Karnataka area is following (he Hyderabad
well for some time. After sometime for reasons not easily
Civil Service Rules. While the South Kanara region is
ascertainable, this practice was given up and the people
ro.vcricd to the old, habit of defecating the public places ’Its ; following the Madras Civil Service Rules, the North Kanara
i:.
•^
...................f
'T ^■,".'777:,.'7^’ i ..i7'-T7-.,
:y
JU
c
'•Mlh./
r
^4.0.-J
a
><tWK
G
4-k '
■' mJ ..
■ A»\;
•M.J
A'hx.
Ml.,
c
tj
r
A
”)
* H /
m u
C
i
■vi*.,>
%%
Mfe/'
’
,
■>
A'”’V
O’
J
1
G
d
1
G
G
■SMMmI
:•
»
.
h
1
”
C
CP’
h’l-
a
1
-c
1
■a
■I ■
•>
*r
■
which is close and contigious to this area is following the ■
Bombay State Civil Service. Rules.
It is clear that it has not been possible to
set of rules guiding the working and service_£OJuIlU_qiu; of
\ui(a,
^!
'
;>
fXS-S^^
Municipal and Local Bodies an the S.a
CT
Er*
I
y
■
IV
r-;
o: ■
!
4
.
J
*s»d4
r
O1',
■
£>.>■
,
O
■■
t/ ■
I
1
I; ’
! ?
TIk .
is on the anvil and is about to become a statute. 1 herea ter
when the now Act comes into lorce there will be no di lie -i y I
in solvin'’ this question on satisfactory lines. Bven then it
is necessary to keep a close watch on how the workmg
conditions are being implemented in the various Local
Bodies in the State.
It is” a matter for gratification to say that the pi^ular
Government led by Shri D. Dtfvaraj Urs in which Sri B.
Basavalingappa held the portfolio of Municipa Adm'mstmtion have framed very benevolent and lil^rjl. Slixicc
Rules l^RNAW<A_.J!dWK^A-U^^
of ServiceorSfficers-and ServantsLKULES^L^I [or he
^iiTonvfimicipal employee's. It is regrettab e that the
concerned Municipal ollicials have no exercised then
discretion to implement these Service Rules in the spirit in
which they have been framed. B the 1 ourakarmiks are
suffering today it is entirely_dll^t^Lb.g.
!
hierarchy’and, it is ultimately the duty of the. permanent
services to carrv out the orders aimed at the welfare of
Pourakarmiks. ’The Committee has noted with, regret that
bv and lame the MimicinaUlflkials. hayc jyit..yeL rcaljscd
their_ nror^jssp^i^
.
who have been exploited for a long time. Ws,- .rafe
Another contributory cause for noii-implementation of
the Service Rules has been the ^PolilkllLOun^ra ....that
comes to the surface after etLChJvlitnW^
In a
MuhieipaL election difTcrcnt political parties with different
cr’ccds and programme come into the picture. After the
28
•
•B™1
F^
........ -
J
... . --...... .
k
1
RS
M
iw<M
fe®w
08
™/BW
■x^s^
:i^S3S&
<.4^
IT Thus the scavengers carry night soil In baskets as head loadsThe liquid human excreta leaks out of the basket trickling down
the head and neck of the scavengers-
-3
c
.
‘
'■s.ilK.'
J W•Municipal election different, political,parties with different
3
iticcil ideologies and affiliations, rule the Municipal
; ' administration. While doing so many iof them consider
the-Municipality as their own proprietory concern. In this
i'Xfframe of mind they; arc not likely to protect the interests
| • of Pourakarmiks. /That is the reason why the Poura- ’
! karmiks •are.sufl'ering everywhere.
In order .to safeguard their interests and exercise proper ■
supervisory power over the Local Bodies in the State the
Committee has recommended the sealing up of a fully
Autonomous Boards I his is (he only cncetivc wav of
• protecting tIllegitimate interests of Pourakarmiks. * «
. Classification
Considering the strenuous and hazardous nature of work
•
the
sweepers and scavengers do, the. National Commission
i
, on Labour has defined them as “ Workman ” and has
recommended the provision of ‘Industrial Dispute Ack
119472. to '-'.'V'-I
cover uivac
these iwccpcns
sweepers <IJKI
anlT scave
scavengers as well.
However,
only
those
Pourakarmiks
in
urban
.
. - ,
......... .................. — n areas and who
jUr'haye organised themselves into trade unions are eeuino the
.. 5^ privileges under the Act through their organised strength.
The Government while framing the service rules for the
j
Municipal employees have not taken this fact into considera*
tion, and thereby denying the Pourakarmiks the utilisation
of the machinery provided under the Act. Therefore^ the
Committee, strongly recommends that the Pourakarhiiks
’ should be classified as SKILLED WORKERS under a
^separate cadre rules and that they should be given the
\privileges under the ‘Industrial Disputes Act. 1947’.
.i
,
-'V.
f
•i-
•dU
X
The Pourakarmiks working in rural areas and towns
should also be protected by the provisions of ‘ INDUS| TRIAL DISPUTES ACT. 1947
;
f
Recruitment Policy
At present the posts of Pourakarmiks are fified up from
a particular section of Hindu society who are mostly
Scheduled Castos. One of the consequences of—this
arrangement has been that the Pourakarmiks think that ft
C
,
■
Mw/
:db
'C
■ '■ 3
S-
*iHhz
c
A
■
J’
•oz
-iltZ
’
Mill/
,*W\
'
vrftw/
c
,
Wif'
Mi?.''
c
C
1 ■’dU.
• 3
G
0
’\ s
J
1
y,K
w*
c
Mk.z
d
1
q
M**',
• sagz
........... ...
,• -
o
. <. . -
G
1
5*
.■I
/• P* O MI/1
i
?
r^*H**'
n
i..
E
□h
iP'
a;
k?
r
o
Cm'
C
•■ w.
•is Hheir hereditary profession and that none has a right to I
take tig> this profession.
The caste Hindus also consider f
...A^ervicc
A^Lvicc Registers arc tlic
die only source of autlioriiv for
f,„ccor
and' pt^n.. dThns't '
3 ‘
that this work has to be done only by this particular J deciding leave, gratuity and
accurate «ud
and upto
uplo date
datc. If this is^ot d^TfiL
community. In this way a wrong attitude has been created, Ij, should be Mwwwiuiv
Potimnujniks
will„r~ncnttl^'^S"^
’ put To a ;
/ As Mahathma Gandhi has said no tangible improvement | ment
at Uta U’me
gmnE
L in the living and working conditions of Pourakarmiks will | ment at the time of retirement '
(hat all Local Bodies foul'd
take place unless the caste Hindus are also encouraged to >. recommends
««<•
_t_r
...
(tike up this work like any. other profession. .
i -. ’In .view of the above facts the Committee recommends ; Registers of Pourakarmiks
-......... ‘ °n a j.£p Priority Basis.
j that after r^erving 18 per cent of Pollrakarmiks, posts for i Leave Substitutes
Scheduled Caslcs and Sclredulcd iTibes, hci remaihi ng posls
The Committee has observed (hat there has been no
should be tilled up by the rccruting people from other
•
communities. The present policy of recruitment should be j; uniform procedure adopted by the Municin-!
the
matter
ol
recruiting
’
Leave
Substitnips
'
'ri
•
L
‘
K
s
111
j suitably altered to make this possible. By adopting this I
| policy it would be possible to wipe out the disgrace and |
stigma that arc attached to the profession of Pourakarmiks. j
The Committee has gone into the question of providing f
timely relief to those dependents who either die in harness 15
■, n Order 10 obvii“e d’C present Xe of al’3 ' he
or in old age. In either case the bona fide dependents of
Pourakarmiks have to be provided for.
T:_ L....... .
has observed that in many cases the poor and illiterate
dependents have no means of livelihood
at all.
\,.v
.......................
|
Committee therefore recommends that other things beina
equal, preferenceshould. be given <0_.Jhe.jfcpeiKtn.ls
L,
___ .J;
of f duly at&ed “y fompetem
7Ll’!l,ia,<oc valJh
. .......im
. . the
J f 'I'oukl besiyoLnlyL“leil rS«eJ
s »' KT
d??eased^ and retired Pourakarmiks^ while filling
vacanci^f^urakarm.iks? ‘
“
.....
’ f regular appointments and l're.sh7ecrt;itmenis the Tm' °i
persons should be given preference over S e?s r 3 CrC
Service Registers
neea to refer these cases to the Emjgyment E c mr3’
The Committee, has noted with regret that the Service
In
^™2S.^age reslrLd(ms also_should be relaxed
>Eeg!Sters_are^.npt„pmperjyrjn am tabled _by the concerned
L^Jodies^ Proper entries are not being made and even
Part-time Employment
mo rnames__of men and women Pourakarmiks are mot
A^nHr(|nCik<inPrinCKC
employed as
properly entered. In most cases (heir- names arc- not
written in full and even here disrespect is shown by
L iStefe W -^-.Municyylity.pn part-time has s
curtailing their names to short forms smacking of contempt
<1.'if“ o'!
*and disregard. This habit should go immediately and
proper respect and regard should be shown .to Poura
karmiks at the time of entering their names in the Service
^Registers.
)
es
d°
-A
I .y yl
1^4%
SB
4
•
is
31
M
^3
.
X.JIuZ
r
C
suitaole programmes of “ In-Services ” training should also
be. provided equitably for both men and women Pouraf ^karmiks for their respective higher posts.
:u As doing the same kind of work for a number of years
[would both be hazardous and monotonus, the Committee
recommends that Pourakarmiks who are doing sweeping
work may be transferred to gutter cleaning, and helpers in
( lorries carrying cityls rubbish and vice versa. This change.
\ of work assignment should not involve posting tlTem out of
1 their present divisions.
.in die permanent services (Appended in Part Three). Il is
rcgrellahlc lhal many Municipulilics have nol implenicnlcd
this order of Government. Therefore the Committee strongly recommends that all PQiaral<arniiTjjA^
.cniployed. and who have pul-in a service of not less than
0I1.e.A'^u.'. should be confirmed forthy/ilh.
Pay Structure
•» In regard to salary structure of the Ponrakarmiks the
; Committee recommends that (he “ Pourakarmiks ” who
' perform such functions ;h sweeping, cleaning, clearing and
■ disposal of human waste and rubbish, etc., should be
! regarded as SKILLED WORKERS of the last grade as
; their work involves such job factors as disagreeableness and
r iconstant health hazard.’ In accordance with modern
i thinking (for instance, as broadly accepted by the 111 Central
Pay Commission) the last grade ’^Skjllecnvorkers ‘ should
bejj;caicd for the purpose of pay fixation on a par with
'll bivisiaiTZQ^rks.
••
- ■
----
I Since the promotional opportunities to the Pourakarmiks
arc likely to be few and far between, Selection Time Scales
to provide for promotion to the next higher scale after a
service of 7 years in a particular scale should be laid down.
The Committee has carefully examined the question*of
further safeguarding the interests of Pourakarmiks and
recommends that each Municipality should frame separate
cadre ancl recruitmcpt rules in order ((TprosTde prombtioiial
opP<irLkimtIpOo the^Poufakarmiks. It does not stand to
reason that a Potirakarmik should retire in the same post '
to which he has been appointed in the beginning.
The Committee has observed during its study tours that
I many Pourakarmiks have qualified themselves for higher
r posts after joining the Municipalities. In such cases there
must be ^cope provided j.o
t0 higher po«^s.>
Retirement
The age of retirement of all Pourakarmiks should be^^.
^ysars. Notice of retirement should be given 6 months in
advance of the date of retirement.
The Ponrakarmiks may be given theJiijmnwm pay Jkllie
I L,Di vision Clerk vy.ijjh.lh e u s. 11 a J a H o wa nces ~ t o w h i c h they
arc entitled to along with the otHef ~special~ ajjpwances as
recommended by the Committee. ThejHTy scales may also
be smuijylyJievisxcHconi time to time based on the cost of
Living Index figures.
Special Allowance
Since the Ponrakarmiks assigned to clearing, conveyance
and disposal of human waste, the work on the sewage
disposal, gutter cleaning, rubbish dumping yards and on
open drains of any kind are subjected to serious health
hazards, a Special, Additip.mT.AI Iowa nee of_25 jpeccent of
The Service Registers of Pourakarmiks should be duly
their gross emoluments shall be7 paid to them.
rectified in regard to age by a competent authority consi
Promotional Opportunities
sting of a panel of doctors, workers’ representatives and
The Ponrakarmiks shoiild,.be eljgible__for promotion to
officials of the Local Body.
In respect of those Poura
higher posts such as I^aTTedars.T'JlTi^'Ntiitsatns, Atlendars.
karmiks who are injoying sound health and physical fitness
Drivers. II Division Clerks. Supervisors. Work Inspectors.
v their services may be suitably extended on the rccommcndaJunior Health Inspectors. Ayas. Mid-Wives, etc., if lhev are..... tion of the panel__ __
experienced
and
suitably
cjualified.
Eor
this purpose
*___
M ta)
c
-.n»-v
NiW
r
c
MimJ*
n
5)
€
c
■w<W
'Mif.ki’
.AlljiiX
c
t=
.^•k'
dS
•
C
Vu
h
O'
'•©
w
G|m?
■• n
. xfa»r
3
zef
W?
Ju
nd
a
j
'ia
G
d
1
q
G
1
(J
1
"'J/?:!
• . •I-I'k
1 -?h
•x'V
L>
rb
4;.
Qt^,. ■
r •
•j,
(jQ
^/T.
jbW'
G.3
C
o-
*
•
■ 7
Pension and Gratuity
; 1M
&/
1 7. Maternity Leave.—ot two moiuns aui-audii m aum- ■
tion to one month more at the discretion of the sanciiuiiinf’. I
authority.
8. Special Disability Leave.— of 24 months of duration 1
when the incumbant suffers from serious disabilities.
I
sentative should be entitled to a like amount in case oi ms. Apart
rtpail from
11UU1 the
U1C usual
u;)u(11 types W1
lk
.„,
w
lw
....
------------of leave to which all Govcrndeath while in service. .
. ...^
j ment servants are entitled to, the following kinds ol leaves
The processing of Pension and Gratuity papers should be should also be made applicable.
completed sufficiently in advance of the date of retirement
(i) ' Three days sick tleave at a lime.without the need to
produce
a .medical, ccrtlfica^^ i
of the employee i.e., at least 6 months m advance.
Failure to comply with this stipulation by the concerned
(ii) All the Pourakarmiks should be made to avail of
authority should entail disciplinary action.
nne month_,i,leaye-in a block period, of 2 years or 15 days
In case of every retiring employee, pension japers should leave in an year fpr rest.and relaxation ;
(iii) In respect of women workers maternity leave of
be completed well in timp sb as to make Payment of his first
pension before theTasTwoflang day of the month succeed 2 months to be suitably spread over-to suit the convenience
ing his retirement. Similarly, in the case of death of an of workers should be granted without insisting that the
employee while in service, the first family pension, if any maternity leave shall not extend beyond 6 weeks Irom the
should be paid before the last working day of the month date of confinement.
succeeding his death.
Welfare Officer
In order to safeguard the interests of Pourakarmiks the
Leave Benefits
At present the Pourakarmi.ks, like other Government Committee recommends that _Labouc. Wcll\irc Ofijccrs
Should be apj^ointed^m-alLMunicijialitics where the strength
servants are entitled to the following kinds of leave.
is notdess than 150^ This should be made,
1. Earned Leave.—at the rate of one day for every eleven Qf_PQu5kar^ks
mandatory, and all Municipalities should implement this
days of active service.
recommendation.
2. Half Pay Leave.—at the rate of 20 days per year
Since all pay revisions etc. granted by Slate Government
either on medical certificate or private affairs.
to its own employees also; apply to all Pourakarmiks of
3. Extraordinary Leave.—of not more than 3 months at Corporations, Municipalities and Panchayaths. Automatic
and simultaneous implemenjtation ol the relevant Govern
. a time when no other kind of leave is admissable.
ment
by the Corporations and Councils should be
\ 4? ExaihTrtatidn Leave.—which can be granted for obli- made Orders
mandatory and failure to implement such directions
\ gatory examinations.
should attract disciplinary proceedings.
i 5. Casual Leave.—of 15 days in a Calendar Year.
/ 6. Special Casual Leave.— which is granted for specia
purposes.
..
pi
HP
HP
1 If
i
■
W
Q
o
<*'■)■
■
■
!•
s. .
34
• h !
35
i
1
■■)
I ■
’•I
J.
j
i
"I
I
1
0)
T... '•'ssifte
I iisJSWi
Working Conditions
I.
There has been no janiform procedure^for getting work
done by the Pourakarmiks IiTTlTireFeht places in the Slate.
As they mostly belong to a section of Scheduled Castes the
.treatment meted out to them is also very re pre hens ib.le.,
With such an outlook, the Pourakarmiks are irctucil, more
or lessJlke>la.Y^s who have to do whatever work is entrusted
to them without grumbling.
I
!■
In spite of great strides of progress made by our country
in science and technology, it is unfortunate that .no attenlion has
on introducing latest gadgets to
ac-tjessen .the...burden pi’ Pourakarmiks. J^au^wFai’e n°t
treating the Poirrakarmiks as decent human ^beings who
deserve consideration and courtesy. Il is high time that
our country makes an effort to introduce the same scientific
I
^.T . .
' rJ-p i.‘
w
TVm:
pi
•■;.•:'}
■'
.
Zl
i
TV®
Al-j
•••yte*/*
I ?ssrrsma
ilti olW®!
wl
With regard to the working hours, il-has^lo be pointed
out that there is no„.un.i£ojin_
rOie^vwk„load
is_a.rbitrar.ily fixed and j.t all'depends upon the mood of the
supervisory stall'. Whenever a very important person
\ visits in connection with any special function, they are called
!•. upon to do extra work bven during night time depending
upon the nature and kind of emergency that faces the Local
Bodies. For this arduous and out of routine work, they are
not-pakl any extr_cLallowance or coni^nsa-tory leave. In
\ certain places where weekly shandies are held and religious
! functions are celebrated, they are again called upon to do
' extra work for which there is no remuneration at ail.
Moreover, the usual work load js.aJsoJLxed . on irrational
.and unscientific lines. Often times OMe.^Qin^kurimk will
have to shoSdirjl^y^o;.k of at..le.asL.-lJircc; Potnxijyanilik^.
The distribution oHvork load also
U-Pon tbg whims
.a.nd.Jancies of the s u per vijorvs t a fj’ a 11 a c he d to Local Bodies.
It is matter of regret that in many Local Bodies, llie ejected
councillors Jheniselyes create obstacles in the way of recruitmg the requisite number of Pourakarmiks.
36
-
■’wfe'?'
CHAPTER Vll
1
i
I-
-
wjs^'
Anj
F
teglig
o®
TtW’WsSJ®!
. The Pourakarmiks without any kind of protectlves such as gumboots, gloves, etc. load rubbish and garbage Into lorries, and 1^
the process contact diseases.
r
f,
. . *r}
^1
c
J
C
I c
s
.J
.fo
q
0
1
G
'w
J
1
q
-Q
'I
K
F
r
- r-F-
f.b LW.»* i
sweep 'the streets, "and ch6s get their vertebre damaged.
L
I
G
1 implements and methods that are adopted by the advanced
countries.
Working Hours
The Committee has toured extensively in (he various parts
of the State. It has noticed that the working..hours arc not
uniform in any two Local Bodies, because they arc prescri
bed by each Municipality .in.a_p.as.ual and hapazard manner.
The working hours of sweepers and scavengers differ from
place to place, often times.clcj^ndjiJg upon the vagaries of
the supervisory staff employed in each Municipality.
It is an open secret, that most.of the members of the i
supervisory stalf have no real interest in the welfare of the \
Pourakarmiks. The working hours are so irrational that. \
these workers have no time either to wash their clothes, or
to take a bath to keep themselves clean. This has involved \
a health hazard, because most of these workers do not lake 1
a bathmat all for weeks together. Secondly, the same is
true of the lady workers who have no time to cook fresh
food and to keep their chilldren wellfcd and clean. What
they do is they eat ‘stale food which may be a day. or two
old, and the same food is given to their children also
resulting in all sorts-of infantile diseases, which often limes j
prove very dangerous to these young ones.
'
One consequence of this pressure of work and unreason
able working hours is that the sweepers and scavengers are
often limes have been compelled to accept stale food from
citizens. This habit has also been responsible for curtail
ing their self-respect in society.
In order to remove this stigma and also these disgraceful
habits it is necessary that the .working hours arc so smi.ccd
Out that thej^^kiminiks Jutyelinic to J>alhe \..a.nd*’ cook
-tosMoocL^ After considering all the aspects of the question,
the Committee has come to the conclusion that the Poura
karmiks should not be asked to work at different periods of
the day.. The best course would be that the Pourakarmiks
^Lould_woiik^^^^
a day at a stretch and thereafter they
•I:?
:•
0*;
r.
qT
■ 3
%
C '
o;
t
Ou-'
<<p
r.
’
>
.
Q
'T-
L ''
37
r".
■
—*«■
^■*3**^
fbCT-
I
11 '
R
ik
v|
I
i
II
11
few
d
H
R
I
iI
I
- -»-•
I;
‘ii
The Committee lias come to the conclusion that thcXocal
.Bodies should enipjqy two Pourakarniiks,for a ppp.u.la,tioii
rQLl.,0®Leach7 TheTdea’ls that the present strength ot
1 : 1,000 has to be doubled to meet the new situation. By
adopting this procedure every Municipality will be able to
double its staff so that the work‘load can be distributed to
Pourakarmiks in 2_shifts. ’ This'is'the'only way of adding
a new dimension'toTheir social status.
The first shift should commence at 6 a.m. and close at
1 12 noon with half an hour’s break for rest. The second
’ batch should commence work at 12 noon and close at 6 p.m.
with the same half an hour break for rest. Those who are
assigned work in the first shift should change over to the
I second shift after one month. Similarly those in the second
\ shift should go on to the first shift after one month’s work.
Under the new method of working hours the Pourakarmik
will be able to reach his home at 1 p.m. and the entire
remaining day will be at his disposal. After taking a bath
and his food, he will be able to devote sufficient time to
supervise the welfare of his family such as upbringing of his
children, attending to the family needs etc.
Secondly, lie will be .able to educate himself and also will
be able to think how best he can improve his economic
conditions. In view of the fact that the whole afternoon is
al his disposal he can adopt any side vocation to augment
his financial resources.,
Thirdly, he will find time for recreation like other fellow
men. This will definitely give him a new orientation on
life and his health will improve considerably. In the new
scheme he will be able to lead a fuller and healthier life.
Lastly, as more time is placed al his disposal for relaxa
tion he will have scope and opportunity to observe others
and how they lead a more purposeful life.
This observation will lead to his own ambition to lead
a belter and a more meaningful life. He will mix freely
with society and he will be accepted in course of time as a
useful citizen of a larger community.
<
■
- '38----
|
o
o
Over-time Work
j
If due to exigencies of service the Pourakarmiks are called
upon to do extra hours of work it is necessry to pay them
, an
double their usual
W.and_anqwa_nces. Invariably no lady worker should be
• asked to do extra work after 6 p.m.
I
t
r
(
23
C
i?
Weekly Holidays
r
'-MOW.'
,
In many ol the Local Bodies of the Stale including lhe
Bangalore Corporation, the Pourakarmiks are given "only
two half days as weekly holidays depending ’ upon the
convenience of the Local Body concerned. In some Munici
palities they are given only one half day as thourrh that is
enough for them to rest and relax after very arduous and
hazardous work. As Government have already passed
orders that the Pourakarmiks should be treated on a par
with the Class IV Officials ol the regular Government
departments it only stands to reason that the Pourakarmiks
the leave privileges to whicl<the
..Glass.lYjQfi5ci^s_ are entitled..to. Moreover Hie'MaIkani
and the Pandya. Comnnttees have already recommended
that the sweepers and scavengers should be given a full
wc^yjwlidax.^ On no account should this privileae be
curtailed by any Municipality in lhe State.
Therefore, the Committee strongly recommends /hat
the Pourakarmiks should be granted one full^cekly Ifohday
and not split it up into two halves which will not serve any
purpose at all. However, in view of the peculiar tvpe of
work that the Pourakarmiks are called upon , to do. the
concerned Local Bodies may stagger these holidays so that
all the Pourakarmiks will not go on a weekly holiday
simultaneously. ! The Committee "feels that it should be
made statutorily mandatory on the part of Local Bodies to
grant one full weekly holiday to Pourakarmiks under their
jurisdiction.
-—
r
u
smhU*
• wlU-"'
a
3MI>l.y
*W'r^
cJ
‘.•III.-'
x»jiU
c
^|H,
Stilii''
u
'•uiuZ
J
?) '
q
■»
' •Xilh.x
z,n ■
.
a
J
n
a
®
j
'O'
i
Q
■
...
U
. J?
<1
' -‘Yw-rX-?; »i?d* ;>r ’
I
■
f
iI 'T'
5-'
.,4-r’
X.
y .
If!
: ai
? .■ $
Ui- •!
.'■■Hh
■
.Hl
. 'id
■• •J •
>
■K.
3
9.:
i1
i?
®u
cr
I.
&
&'
Work Load
;
The modern civilization has brought about more ecological •.
and environmental pollution to the detriment of the popula-.?
tion ' People are also indiflcrent towards environmental ;
hygiene and cleanliness. The present day civilization has^i
only made men and women more remiss and restless. They
have cultivated the habit of throwing out everything that J;
comes their way. It is unfortunate that the present genera-.^
tion of people have become slightly callous towards the .::
civic rights of . .other people. The result is increasing(1 amount of urban, pollution.
The Committee has observed that in almost all urbanareas the shop keepers open their establishments late in the
morning. After their shops are open they throw all the
rubbish from their shops to the open street. By this lime
the Pourakarmiks would have cleaned these streets and
gone home. Secondly, our people are still in the habit of
allowing their children to ease themselves on the pavements
of the streets. This will remain .in the same place- through
out the day causing annoyance and inconvenience to the
public. .
I The Committee strongly feels that Government should
pass suitable legislation to prohibit these unhygcnic acts
\ on the part of the general public. The shop keepers should
i not. throw any kind of dirt or rubbish to the open streets.
Tn most foreign cities, each housing, complex, shop
complexes etc. have metalic dust-bins with lids to cover
them. It is to these metal dust-bins that all the rubbish is
put in. Early in the morning the garbage cleaners come in
their vehicle to remove these filled in dust-bins, and replace
them with an alternate set which they will have removed
the previous day. In this way all the rubbish is removed
without causing inconvenience to anybody. By this process
very high standards of public hygiene are maintained.
Moreover these dust bins made of tin is a cheap receptacle.
The Committee therefore strongly recommends that our
Local Bodies also should follow this example. As the cost
a”1!?',
C i
as..
£
•b
Q.F' '-\fr-
' 4.
,
40
i
iI!
i
EL
|
feallSSj
isftl
a
wsoa
I
11
ijBe
few?
Best method to sweep the streets Is by using long handled brooms
,'.'5.ik,
; j of two such dust bins for each household is almost insignir..4ficant, the house-holder themselves should bear the cost of
4 JMthese dust bins. By introducing this method it is possible
'$|to keep towns and cities extremely clean and tidy.
■ j
■i 7$^Therefore,
7^^Therefore, the Committee recommends that at least to
I restart with, Corporations and City Municipalities may
---------4 7'•■introduce this system
as an experimental| measure on a
•phased programme.
ji. The Committee also suggests that the Education Depart
.'I ment should introduce the subject of public sanitation in
I’ the curriculum of studies to be compulsorily taught to all
the students from the primary class to the secondary
standard, at least one period per week to inculcate a sense
of civic consciousness and public sanitation.
For the reasons cited above it is clear that the work load
•.
for
the Pourakarmiks is increasing day by day. In order
'
to tackle this question, it is necessary that the present
• principle of employing one sweeper for a population of
1,000 should be changed. It is necessary that for every
population of 500 there should be one sweeper.
In many towns and cities the Municipal areas are not at
all compact. The Municipal areas are wide spread and
sprawling in many directions.. It is not possible for a single
sweeper to keep sowast an area clean and tidy. To cite an
example, the case of Ankola Municipality of North KiNtara
District comes in handy. For a population of 16.000 tlfere
is only one lady Pourakarm.ik in Ankola. Is it ever possible
for a single lady to keep the entire township clean?
Street sweeping
At present both men and women sweepers arc assigned
the hard work of sweeping the streets. They sweep*” the
ground in a bending posture inhaling dust continuously,
because of using short brooms; They also become victims
of back ache which causes considerable damage to their
vertebral column.
r
O
^"■^’7
'..in-'
(
<
• Ak
• '-aU
I
'b
r
C
‘ is
c
sjW
I
KE
Mlllv*'
■
(
:i
AfWv
c
•*<lh.'
■
if)
c
c
I
»
.
1
—______ _______ _
*
.
..
'sIIm/
r
C
<n .
.Xl'^
c
r
1
■ c
A
;
-*.n^
_udh—
wir
.
ff»v
- ■’H"''
h\:
----------- r«K
■
(3
f w
le''W
rccommends that' they should I
c ' <S|
'Wl
G ■.
ii [Hg
1
I
.• str<?ngly recommends the use of long-handled0brooms1UC<!
"
fhp
•.
.......... G 10 -sil on the rubbish pul into
the Lorkens it, si!necessary
‘'iry lto° pr0VK
'e'sepa,‘Ilc C1,hiil
pro\'icle-
■
lll0se ^“igncd to
diandhemli^S^^
»' ■«^^S?s^s„“.s“'tcr i“21"
re"?.CTS* *5 i’fC“;!7 ,te "*«• “ ’•■oltaed is
should be given the assk’i'inrr*
^,s Pur;Ppse each sweeper
xBhBSHB s,*“i o'
deep and 3’« in diameter, through ' ' '
and rubbish of the town wi,ll pGss through
there is some (rouble due U
0
■ to .stoppage 0! [low., it beuoine.s
necessary for the Poiirakanniks
"'riP
n 10 gel inl° tllc nianholc
to set right the defect.
T;
1V ’Pourakarmik
I be
gets into the
manhole with only his knickers
veSi.'Gwk^X/'.E '■' “"per lus also 10 ‘to ■™-
cred standing.
definite work assigned to hem
He has to bend down to investigate
i
(he defect when all
”ight-soil in liquid form wih'e.G'ulf'hB
.
.
.
,
.... Often times
even his face will be covered 'with
’ * night-soil.
This is the
actual slate of affairs wilh regard
I
10
the
cleaning
of
manholes.
'b
to have completely closed ?vhp t’11 j'•^‘‘cc 11 is necessary
flowing of rubbislK^£^ie du^-bins t0 Prevent over-
iii!
_ j*''My
@"1
fl
b!
r'r1’ '
<€)
<
I
ft.^
fe
.«i- ■
- p>-' •
&
8J7
I
n
HBi:
These j _ ‘
__ _ i,1'l'’'\l<in<l of hazardous work
his work
should be provided" with one i,
pair
of
rubber
hand
face pi election and gum-boots•s in addition to the'eloves,
usual
unitoims given to al) other categories*.
Manhole Chamber Workers*
The work of cleaning the manholes i
butalso’Mlor^r^ZZ^wnr^^
»•
O’>
a PmT'T t<>. c,ean A'b rubbish accumulated in (he street
dust bins lorries are being cn'>a"’cd RiH,
i e ,ccl
ntbbish shmtltl have six 'iorJe?.I ssittSGr' fi''Ur?
commended that two“n^mra'till the tv s • .’i - , ,
men should carry the basket to (he vehicle ■md iwA
W°
No
«r s,K)
allowed tol tGio.G.X ”
St work
-S.
iSiild
l[;tobe’"toto."0iy
<5»
'1'^ sc“vei’Sers have'
W ^h„£';s.SS“s»S01 k s
V=2Sa"S^S"'?!'
“P"«to and-lnde-
1‘
cleaning the gXs ItndG Siiv
'° U“ »‘rt »'
garbage in loFries front dushbS! m Ih ‘'ansponing the
Workers so employed shonhi nm |S ° fl’c tlumping yard.
of the manholes should be given ; S ,
Ira,to »' 2 ■ KOO strength oVpotS;" £ """'■ j "iiS™1 or "*
to ««'-
&a*KS«sss!
42
43
W‘
mi
......
de:,,ll,lg
'
i'il
?!
i?i
-“■re--
l'
Ui?
A_le.uJ.icT -tjmic covering the entire body fitted with a
gas.S'ina.'.k slidiiki He given to each maiilioTe worker. Tliis
leather-tunic will give him complete protection so that he
will not be subject to the inhalation of any poisonous gases •
that exist in the manhole. Secondly, he will not touch
human excreta, nor will his body will come into contact
with the same. The gas-mask will also help him to avoid
.suffocation and -also breathing in many poisonous gases
inside the manholes.
' ills.
!
I
I
Those engaged in cleaning gutters and other types of
public scavenging should be eligible for a Special Additional
j Allowance of 25 percent of their gross emoluments as re(commended earlier.
Uniforms and Protective Clothing
(i) At present half sleeve shirts and nikkers arc
supplied to male workers,
This uniform does not look
dignified. They should be ~
gi ven the following: Three sets
O*
)f’ uniforms per year consisting of Bush .shirts, full length
I trousers, two pairs of heavy duty chappals or canvass shoes
/ (at the option of workers)
-workers) and protective head gear such as
( Pee-caps.
,
(ii) lor women workers the following should be given :
I Three cotton sarces of 8 yards', three blouses and two pairs
1 of chappals per■ annum.
dii) For all workers, one set of warm uniform should
i l>c given every year. This is necessary as (hey have to work
; during (he cold, seasons in the winter and in Milly
Millv and
\
I.,,.. 1
.. .. i .j
•
..
..
«...
i
’
Malnad
areas. rIn
addition
a pair of «kaniblies
should
be
44
0
J
Sm!
)
... •
..a
''
. ’ ••
'•*»•
0
0
J
0
«
saagmwmmSi
After his work is over the leather-tunic can be cleaned
and may be made fit for use subsequently.
The Committee recommends that all Municipalities in the
State should provide these protective equipment without
any excuse.
If the cost of this equipment cannot be borne
by any. Municipality on grounds of financial stringency, the
Committee recommends that in such cases Government
themselves should bear the cost of this equipment?”
o
0
J
a
■ •
j
'Jib/
ter
■/W •
The socalled quarters of Pourakarmiks constructed and maintained
by the Municipalities bear this appearance everywhere.
o
u
van,/
J
0
0
'.((oV
^^2
lilr..
g
........ . .
•mk./
a
I
•4j
ww—vi• ’■
dOWft
fcJ
JiMM
........................
4
‘
i H!
J
0
Su.7
■
't?
a
m1
j
j
'mM'*
rW-
ite
j
!r '
'••lb/
-j£-
zi
g
a
>©■
4’i given to those working in (he Hilly and Malnad area*;.
■
I
f . ■
=!
.T
s
J
j;
•i
J/
y
•jp
All
workers should be given one rain coal each every yc:ir,
■ (iv) One pair of rubber hand gloves, face masi; and
gum-boots in addition to the usual uniforms should be y.ivcn
to those who attend to clearing, cleaning and disposing of
human'waste, work in manholes, chambers, open drams,
gutters and refuse dumping yards. Hirlher all these faci
lities should be extend to those working in lorries and. olher
vehicles which transport rubbish and human waste.
in(v) To all men and women workers the I'.
should also be given ,
(n) One pair of big towels per year;
(Z?) One full bar of 501 or Mysore Govern mem wash
ing soap per month ;
(c) Two cakes of ‘Lifehoy’ soap per month.
■ I
|
I
/
I
CHAPTER VII1
Living Conditions
I®
The caste system in India has been the root cause for
many social evils that have sapped the vitality oFTl-iTiEition.
It is very difficult to say when, the practice of imioucb.ab.iliiy
originated. The ‘ Unfoitchablcs' were segerated from
the main stream of social life. They were forced ’o hvu
outside village and town limits well away from olher .-.isles.
V)
After the country became free from foreign dominulion
it was hoped that many of the evils that were corroding the
social structure-in India would disappear and dial dicrc
would be a heller and more acceptable mode of Hfe for
oppressed communities and sections of the .society.
But
unfortunately this has remained only a dream.
1
?TB
rs
3^
Though those who have, taken up the profession of
sweeping and scavenging belong inoslly to (he Scheduled
Castes community, who are untouchables in (he cyc^ of
other sections of Hindu community, the .sweeper> and
?,
?
45
r■ <
rM'IK
W
I ■
■ttNNMM
*•
■J‘
■
•
■O
(
f3
I •
d
I
scavengers themselves are considered c Untouchables' by
thLJltlM_sections. .o.f.. Sch.eduledCastes. 1 n many paris
of [he Slate the sweepers and scavengers are forced io live
separately away from other sect ions’of Scheduled Castes
because of the stigma attached to the profession. Un
wanted and undesired by their own communities the
sweepers and scavengers have given up all hopes and have
accepted their present degeneration as ordined by destiny.
This social $£££&gation from their own brethren has made
them develop a diffident outlook orTTiTe.
After the year 1947, the Government of India appointed
a number of committees to go into the question of impro
ving the living and working conditions of sweepers and
scavengers in the country. The Barve Committee set up in
1949. the Malkani Committee set up in 1957, the Reinika,
JAiDC C pjmn.rtle e, set up in 195 <8. the Randy a Committee set
up in 1967 have all gone into this question and made several
recommendations for improvement of living conditions of
sweepers and scavengers.
It is to be regretted that the
recommendations made by these committees have only
remained on paper. No action has been taken to imple
ment these recommendations. The Committee feels that
the lot of sweepers and scavengers would have considerably
improved if atleast five per cent of the other Committees’
recommendations were implemented in the spirit of sincerity
and good faith. This has not been done and tfie sweepers
and scavengers continue to be where they were centuries
ago.
The places where the sweepers and scavengers are forced
to reside are not fit even for animals to live in. They are
forced to put up their huts and sheds on slopes of small
hillocks or on marshy lands or in gorges which are unwanted
by other caste Hindus of our society.
Whenever there is rainfall the area where sweepers and
scavengers are forced to reside gets flooded with water
causing the area breeding centres of all epidemic diseases.
It is a matter for regret that the very people who keep the
. - --------- .-•-r-
■'■I
town clean and heffi their fcllowmnn tn
teakhy life are ibri l0.|ivc in
n
■ p
L./
“d
UiG Committee notes with.regret that no''aeenrv nf
Government or social organisations or any prfva fwelfare
assoc.aHons have paid any visit to the colonies of sweepers
and scavengers to find out their miserable conditions it k
unfortunate that even the supervisory staffi of Local Bodies
■f&!
' iry
w
gen SlotSF'1 inl° tlle PreCinCtS Of SWCeperi ;,,1d seaven• uAlrIianCOnie lo the nolicc of tlle Committee that the. places
tre the sweepers and scavengers have put wp their huts
l"em Most'2 th'’?"2 i'T /0’’ ,deCadeS
1101 0WI1^
soever Tn 11.1 > '’“ LoCal Botl,cs llave mad« ™ ^ort whatBodies wlm ^""Kted lwZ£\o thei^ZlSs
r
(
c
s
<
c
■
’
(
hections ofUieifpSZe'01 W*nted by OlI,Cr innilciniaI
i. °Ut o^3~,3.Coeal Bodies in the State only 87 Local Rr>die<
Si‘V)e BroviBed qmirlers to llieir workers (Appended in Part
Pnnr'.L E'/<t1.1 111 ^angaiorc where there are nearly 5000
Pourakarnnks only 800 of them have been provided wi h
m I rn1"5’ W1|C1 they have 10 vacate after retirement For
o^
his Hmfivery Po.uraka''ni!k wi|l he anxious to put.
m one ol lus lamily members ayam to this nrofessicHn ini
< rder lo retain the house in which' he is living.
d
aspects C0|?n?hLC!rhaS S°ne !nto tllis ^,estio11
“H Hs
P
• It therefore., stroney recommends th'ii' 'ill rhp
sweepers and scavenger should be giUJ Je les i wS
^:ouLni:l^cl_localilics «•’<! he he!Al withSutriraTra'S?
se^IT^r S l° bu'l<il lheir hoilse-s wllile 1Jiey are still in
If ■
<
■fc
OK.
»u
)
C
;t
Mv
■J
(
c
nctmned Rs 1000 worth of building materials free of cos!
themselves of Ibis’'f^ii7foIA'eh°Cal'3°diCS Sh0U,d avail
c
Hie Committee notes with profounxl
the Local
Bodies m the State have not cared to regret that
■ L Lit
rrlslX/,-u .
i»>vl < IX h
iw
J
a
1 I*
(0 i
colonics of swccjjcrs and scavengers.
In many existing j
colonies even drinking water facility has nbt been provided. ■
In most of the colonies of sweepers and scavengers in the
State there arc no street lights, nor latrine facility. The
colonies of sweepers and scavengers look like lie 11-ho les on
earth. Visiting one such colony in Bombay, Mahathma
Gandhi observed in 1940: ’’My heart wept within me, .
when 1 observed the housing conditions of the Harijan y
employees of the Bombay Municipality. Bombay is beauti
ful, indeed, but wherein docs its beauty consist? In the
Malabar Mill or in the Kacharpatti in Mahalaxmi tell you
that we can live inequanimity on the Ridge, only after decent
housing conditions have been secured for these Harijans,
I beseech you to have a look at the plague spot in Bombay
> and io move the Municipality to deal with them at once.
.<Pldow would you like to live, near a sewer even for a single
day?*'.
What Mahatma Gandhi observed in 1940 remains same
evdModay. No one has bothered to improve or change
the living conditions of sweepers and scavengers anywhere '
in India.
Therefore, the Committee strongly recommends that it
■ should be one. of the obligatory functions of Local Bodies
as employers to provide quarters to the Pourakarmiks. even
if al present they arc living in their so called own houses.
Until the lime the above recommendation is implemented
in letter and spirit it is necessary to improve the. existing
colonies where sweepers arid scavengers are being forced
to live>
’I he first Un ng to be done is to order a thorough cleaning
| of the locality and assign two or more workers permanently
| to maintain the cleanliness of the locality everyday. Strict
I supervisory control by the Commissioner or, the Chief
' Officer is necessary to check the proper sanitary maintenance
of the colonies of sweepers and scavengers.
These localities should be provided with street lights
lavatories and community bath rooms and sufficient number
bp ■31'•I
r
r
o...
b
O
o€
ro
(y* :.•
w ■
C »■
•
1
H;
■
i
j
.J
Hi
■M
■■^
h-?
Sr
«■
......'
■ih
■----------
The colonies of Pourakarmiks are neglected and have become
breeding places of everyklnd of endemic and epidemic diseases
carrying germs.
J
i
■ i/fl
i
a
■'
48
;
g^j,
■»
■s
,
--- -•
_ -."""T""""”__ _______
..
-!frtS7«KS&sfes«9Si^»i\‘T-
1
'I
0
j
of water taps.
Once a year the Local Bodies themselves
at.thair own^cost should repair and whitewash the existing
houses of Pourakarmiks even if they are owned by the
Pourakarmiks themselves.
■ The Local Bodies should make it a point that these facilities are provided to Pourakarmiks on war-footing and that
proper care is taken for day-to-day maintenance on
satisfactory lines.
In order to infuse a sense of social awareness and also to
f provide at the same time a source of recreation to Pourakarmiks, the Committee recommends that Community
Halls containing a radio set, a handicraft section for women
and girls and a gymnasium are constructed in
near the
existing localities of Pourakarmiks.
I
The Committee also strongly recommends that Govern
ment should take proper and definite steps to sec that no
fagupr. shop is located near the localities of Pourakarmiks.
There should be no liquor shop within a radius of two miles
from the localities of Pourakarmiks. If any liquor shop
is already in existence it should be immediately shifted
away from the localities of Pourakarmiks. The Commit
tee regrets that though Government vide their order
No. EXE. EXS. 1. 293/73-74. dated 14th March 1974 have
directed cither to close or shift liquor shops from neaT^lhe
vicinities of Scheduled Castes colonies, no where in \he
State such steps have been taken by the concerned authori
ties (Government Order Appended in Part Three.',
i
It should be the duty of the Local Bodies to arrange
periodical cultural programmes in the localities of Pourak/irmiks to provIBe not only entertainment but also instruc
tion in the evenings so that the Pourakarmiks will be
gradually weaned away from their present mode of life.
This may be done in collaboration with Social Welfare.
Public Health and Fainilv Planning and Information
Departments.
---....
F*
n
a
■L
j
3
p
fto
p
a
a
IP
fe
j
j
a
a
W'l>'
B
b
w*
vj
3
.• a
j
ft
j
q
a
P
j
q
a
u
!*•
■
i
n
J
a
. !
Quarters ;
r-
i
■
$
oc
i.i‘
ill
$
I
• -il
Gu,
co
G
.;.i
P!
Q..,
e'j
0""';
y.
C^1 ^
0>
I':
'
K
(
I
re^°mniended earlier it should be mandatory-on Local
Bodies to provide decent quarters to Pourakarmiks and
other category employees anvelTwith all modern facilities,
fi.
Quarters now built are most unsatisfactory and not
■u,1,!?/ i yman llal?lla,ll0n- In most cases the roofing is leaky,
walls have cracked and are without proper ventilation.
ih^?J?USeSriare S° sTal1 that oeci|pants have to huddle
anitnuls. In many places former pig styes
aht>_ stablvS have been converted as quarlers for t’niirMKgMs. Even those recently Im ill qtiarlcrs urc^failm^it
MUnbl|rn! I^icks have been used for their construe' . n’(.
i care JS taken t0 maintain them properly. Many
quarters have not been whitewashed since they were built
in many places these quarters have no .lavatorls at all. This
will not bring credit to any Municipality; "“The most
deplorable fact is that nowhere care and trouble are taken
tQ»maintain the sanitation of the locality.
In many places of the State, though the Local Bodies have
receded grants from the Social Welfare Department unde?
wiTSt mOt?°ret{ SChem?’ the Coram'ttee has observed
\r p5 1 1
llouses llave been built so far for the
is kKomD?ertekarT?‘kS-|In- S°ln? p!aCeS the instruction work
^incomplete. It is obvious that the Social Welfare Departt^ ksnec? WI?nfrC'S,nS Pr°per sl,Psrvi5ion
control in
vhn, m ? r’ ':V,inE.«yer aniount is allotted for housing scheme i
Sends’uno^tli1
beCai'SC tbe Srant-Of fresh ^‘^nce .
S$
.1 1 previous year’s performance and assess
ment of the actual amount spent in the past years. In this
connec ion it is also necessary that to make a survey of all
Rl^blg^ucgfis.from. State and Central GoveVS^lS
constructing quarters for the Pourakarmiks.
sinll? S“SSrsE? bTeoalKc^'"'^^ "S "
€J. di?
r>
L
a ' I'
&
‘
be “
50 '
'»1'
“roomfon0
S’s? sh0l"d ta’'f
constructed, the residents shoui CL S “
^ncmcni.s arc
kitchen garden a nd wL
• enc0llI‘^d to grow a
Ss xs
ric's
constrSa‘sS
g'“ Sl,0Uld
way of changing the existing pattern.
uiges upon C?(■)• ■<'••!?rpcrj- <n
implement the<;e
are today though called “ POURAKARrtfxv >•'^U:’ .w!10
very pathetic condition.
are m a
CHAPTER [X
T
:
r
i‘
...
r—-S?<S.---S>SX>KSr5»
fC
i;
Economic Conditions
The economic conditions of
7a'X been he‘'1rtrendcJrinS. sweepers and scavengers
- In spite of the fact that
the State Government l,have
(lvc pay
passed
orders lhat the pay
scales of Pourakarmiks should be
- -a on a par-with those of
51
C '
i
'S a SUrc
E -'^o
o
o
c
j
W^.^..'........
■■
I
I
I
. I
Ciass IV officials of other Government departments in
grade Rs. 65-2-95, the fact remains that many Munici
palities in North Karnataka have not at all implemented
tlic Government Order cited above. Even today in some
places they arc paying a small salary of Rs. 25 to Rs. 45
per month to the Pourakarmiks .(Appended in Part Six).
_ Inthese days of spiralling prices and unparalleled
inflation it cap be easily imagined how these Pourakarmiks
can Keep their body rpd soul, together with such a small
pilLmcc of a ^salary. , Even the middle class people arc
struggling hard to get two square meals a day. Therefore
ii. is io be concluded that the sweepers and scavengers as a
whole arc always on the verge of starvation.
Aiihough there is a specific Government Order that
Pourakarmiks should not be employed on daily wages and
on part-time basis it is regrettable that many Municipalities
are still employing them on daily wages and on part-time
basis much against the directives of the Government.
Ihe Committee has noted with regret that many Local
Bodies in Karnataka are still paying the salaries of PouraKarmiks in instalments. Tin’s is a very uneconomic and
ruinous practice, because it cuts at the very roots of
economic stability. The Committee has noted that many
Municipalities are not properly utilising the funds and
maintaining an equitable balance. Often times the .funds
specifically ercmarked for the welfare of Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes in general and Pourakarmiks in
particular have been misused. Such of the Local Bodies
w”° (!o T22£pay ttlc >satarics regularly should bfi superseded.
Another eviHhat is rampant in most of the Local Bodies
,s the exploitation of these Pourakarmiks by the Municipal
oihcials who insist in the payment of * Ma mu Is ? at the time
of disbursing their salaries. This is a very evil practice
w.iicb. has to be rooted out-by the concerned Municipal
aumorities in order to save the Pourakarmiks from this
exploitation. To eradicate this evil of exploitation the
Committee suggests that the salaries should be disbursed
Accountssta
ff instead of the Health
Health InsD'
Inspectors. A
:'|| ^•g-.by.the Accounts
staff
|-.| ■•"■.f.: W
nav Previousto^disbursemenl
nrevmnc tr>
l.'T' rrr
. ,\
of -.
salary,'
T’aTSTipS
-’ should
■Z
■! be: issued to Pourakarmiks indicating clearly their gross
sa ary, deductions and net amount payable to them. The
salaries of PouraKarmiks should be put into sealed covers
on which the details of their salaries and deductions are
clearly noted and be given to them as is done in all factories.
This methoc, will also enlighten the .Pourakarmiks what
exactly they earn and how much is due to them by wav of
salary, and allowances.
1
•
Another way of protecting the salaries of the PourakarmiKs and at the same time inculcating the habit of
n° I'nak? of their salaries through
Scheduled Banks. In this case the concerned Banks will
^o2rRXti . t-he
necd^d !oan facilities to Pourakarmiks
after obtaining Salary Deduction Guarantee ’ from the
concerned Municipalities. The Committee feels tliat by
doing so the Pourakarmiks can be saved from the clutch^
<a^£^ate money lenders who are charging high rateToT
r.
One of the deplorable conditions contributing to the
economic backwardness of sweepers and scavengers is the
huge indebtedness whicn pulls them down as it were a
halter round theTr necks. It is the main cause for’ his
ancl soc<al ^gradation. In course, of time his
indebtedness assumes such serious proportions that he does
not know how to balance his meagre resources.
.
■
.
there are many causes for his heavy indebtedness. On
many social functions such as the birth of a child, marriage >
of daughter or son, or a death, he has to spend a big amount
to please and entertain the entire community. This has
meaningless
mca?ins'ess custom. . But if he doe^not
doeJ'not stick t
on to these old customs he will be socially boycotted bv'
his , own community.
is on account
account of
of this
this meaningless
meaningless
t
• bIt ,s
anci unreasonable expenditure that is forced •on~h1fiT"He'
on him. he
■siivJ
n
c
-)
G
d
J
SJjikiJ
G
0
Mu/
J
©
G
sW
G
Mu/
J
G
o . J0
O’
J
G
Mtw/
d
r1<"'X
'Am-Z
^H».
^■Il't-X
>«K
Mi./
^"4K
'M»IZ
j
X)
o
a
^I«S
j
n
o.. a
tj
'-T)
—w1
---------------------- f --------------------- ------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ------ - ---------
53
.... -
J#
A
•
I
$
I
i
;
*■'
I•
■W
I
!
.b
:: >
Iip .
■J
.
:|
tD. '
i
a.
(V
'W^;
•L2
•'A.It ■is. also'observed that these people spend as much as | i / The craze for intoxicating liquors is rooted in his desire
to escape from the social' disgrace and segregation. As
ks/2,000-3,000 for a single marriage though there is no | .i' society
treats him with contempt and shuns him, the Knuadowry . system but costly articles have to, je gven^the
he' *
wanicd. ,.)y. i|i(.., socieiy
11....“.
-■ •-•. His ambitions,
bride-groom. Whether it is in k
fake nrestise 9 desires, and
«nd nil
1 lor a;; belter lift
all iisniratious
aspirations'for
life are completely
is involved by their standards. To keep up a false prestige t stultified by this kind of social ex-communication. He has
they go on borrowing at an interest ranging from Ji to zj | . to entertain himself to rnqke his existence tolerable. To
per. .cent per month to celebrate these marriages. Ibis is| consple»himself and to escape from withering contempl of
another reason why they get involved in heavy indebtedness.
his fellowmen he wants to forget himself and his miseries.
' As far as the food habits of sweepers and scavengers are ; The only Agency that can afford him this relief is liquor.
Therefore with great avidity he lakes to drinking habit
concerned they arc mostly nonwegetanans. Although
of his family.
their .income is meagre they have fd spend twice or thrice ? along
aiwiife with
..........the members_ ...........
- ^As the , drink
• , habit
the amount that a vegetarian spends because in the nrst ? is very cosliy and as his income is very linuled' he is forced
to borrow and hence always in indebtedness.
place the cost of mutton has .gone up enormously. He
' cannot cook mutton alone without other vegetables which
To improve the economic conditions of Pour/.k_.
are equally costly. Therefore his food alone costs much | the Committee makes the following recommendad /;^.
money which he cannot afford with his narrow means, y
The. Government should pass stiiiah-e leg LT; a i •
Hence he goes on borrowing even for getting his daily food.
impose
a moratoriunjum the present debts of PoumsarmiT.
The most important factor which drains away the (
Steps
shoiiTd
alsoTe lak'en to see dial Pourakarmiks are rot
majority of his income is the drink-habit lo which a ) put to any harrasmen
t by their creditors.
Pourakarmik is always a victim. In the oTrty surroundings <
'The Committee has observed that Municipal officials arc
in which he lives and inadequate accomodation make him
adopt an escapist outlook on life. In order to forget his | exploiting these illiterate Ponrakarmiks. It should be ma.de
miseries and to compensate for lack of family and social ?. a punishable olTencc if any Govcrnmen; servant induTo
pleasures he readily takes to alcoholic drinks, fhe major j in the exploitation of Ponrakarmiks.
portion of his income goes away towards liquor. Not only ■
The most important point fur consideration of ail
himself, but his family members are also addicted to this ; Municipal councils is lo find out a way to extend . loan
evil. To wean away the Ponrakarmiks from the evil habit
facilities to Ppurakarmiks on easy terms. 'The Committee
of drinking, it is necessary to keep.him fully occupied .; recommends that the Local Bodies should give, a guarantee
during evenings. By arranging Bhajans, Dramas. Film . fpr salary deductions so that the Nationalised Banks may
Shows, Lectures, etc., in their localities itself will wean them I come forward to give loans on easy conditions to 1’onr.i
away from their fixed habits. These programmes will also. ; karmiks. These loans may be spread over a long period.
in course of time, bring about new avenues of thought and ;. ' and the amount recovered in easy instalments.
will make Pourakarmiks new men and women by these I
,
cultural impacts The Government should not grudge §
The Ponrakarmiks should also lie persuaded to cmiiribiiie
spending any amount of money for these programmes which ’ L to the ComLtils<ffiU^
are aimed at the moral and cultural well-being of Poura- ’ In addition to infusing a sense ol linancial security he cm
V.’.ll lu
karmiks, as this money is going to be spent for a well ! also feel sure that jus lamily people, will not be, thrown
lt)
the
wolves
if
something
untowarcis
happens
to
him.
deserved cause.
$
54
5 _ . __
r'J
©'“’V
^0
.. ra4u.-
9
?
■te
55
i
i
■)(.. 't-l Mt l.T
.w."
V
v
'Mh*/
r
o
o
1
?
'^J
The Committee has observed that even in those Genuine
HveSim^\ nhe y°Ung girls Of pourakarmiks who warned to '
give up this Basavj system were not allowed to do so by their :
parents, and the society at large. A few upright bS
fm fhkydthClr r°Yn C^-ts 80t educated and wanted to give
™ ^n/ti
i " ^chtion. They were not allowed to do
so, and they have become helpless. It is regrettable that
even the Soc.al Welfare Department whom the! approached
for redress have not gone to tlieir rescue.
PPraacn«
nW
Silfc>^
b
1 ©■
Tic Committee strongly urges upon Government to take
ringent measures to put an end to this disgracefu nraUi£
n the name of God and religion, by invoking i neccX
he provi.s.ons of the Immoral Traffic Act.
If k is not’
possible to do so, Government may devise on an emeraenev
con£
P h
C
>l|Hk
Mw
Al®
a
'•.Hi./
<
wMailtw
^1^,
■•iilin'
tew®
10 promote thls Basavi System to
T lie Committee during its extensive tours in the State Inv^
been informed that the officials of the Social Welfare Deirirt
ment do not visit them at all. It is their du v m
I’
society"1 Wiitf?t?n'the w:lf£Te.of the weaker sections of die
soc cty. It is their responsibility to look after the welfare
of these Pourakarmiks. Therefore, the Committed smoS
t^hTat'thl Pm r'? S°Clal W7Ifare DePartm^t should see
bv
J
<armiks observe strict personal hygiene
c
,^«’k
I •' *'05$n.7' kWh f; /t?$
.o
G
1©
u
-■J
l^‘\
.
s
c
c
pfi'
1©
i; >
«<-•.• , y.'':
a
Kli>.Z
.
’
;;
karmiks h/r‘d a-1' ll,e Prob,ems a'id difficulties of PouraFARE 1BOARDaS a “POURAKARMIKS WEEpowers.
W,t11 SU’tab!c sta^tory and financial
*d
A. 'wii.,/
!
r^i^;
No, noc stagnated pool of rain water I IIt is the drinking water for
Bidar Pourakarmiks. The only water
tap in the colony is submerged In the overflowing
pool, and the Pourakarmiks of the .place■'
.
arc forced to use this
tills germ
germ breeding
breeding water
water for
for nil
all purposes.
j. . sitin'
•
y’r'h
Mila.’’
a
>(]
J
r _jgQ
60
: • z.'.-,KnsxsHss4f^K
S'S23ES^5aS£S;.®^S^
as
assssss
i
r. q
i
CHAPTER XI
I
hi|!;
'\t
civ,.
...Hcaitli
I
A
‘Ai/
.
*V
i
ar
5"
c
0k
b
^1 ■
i
■i.^
|R .-■
p"'
.. l?
L
Lt
r
••?
•:
>!•
.b
r ’
a
,!
■ •r
■?'
*
■
I
f
!.
1
if
p-
C-'
■.S’The health of Pourakarmiks has always been very un
satisfactory because of the professional hazards_lQ which he
is subjected. The very work which he does to keep others
healthy makes him very unhealthy. The sweepers and
scavengers have always made themselves vulnerable to all
"? ’ kinds of communicable and endemic diseases. It. is because
they daily come into contact with disease carrying bacilli.
j
'
When a sweeper cleans the roads assigned to him all the
dust of the town carrying various kinds of diseases cover him
from head to foot.
All the floating germs get into his
nostrils and lungs causing irreparable damage to his breath
ing system. As he is in touch with all the dirt of the town
he . also becomes the receptacle of all diseases of a parti
cular town.
■ As at present the sweeper has to bend down and sweep
for long hours, inhaling all the dirt and dangerous bacteria.
It has already been suggested that the sweepers should be
given brooms with long handles in order to allow them to
stand and sweep. It is also necessary to give all the
sweepers antisceptic cloth to cover their mouth and nose
(as the doctors, apothecaries and nurses use).
‘
The scavengers’ work is much more dangerous because he
comes into direct contact with all the filth of the town.
The night-soil of a town’s population will naturally contain
all kinds of imaginable diseases. In his occupation of
cleaning gutters, manhole-chambers he is handling human
excreta1 with his bare hands. Often times it becomes neces
sary for him to get into the manhole-chambers where all
poisonous gases are generated. Secondly, he dives into the
manhole-chambers which sometime overflow with liquid
night-soil. In all these cases he is directly courting disas
trous consequences. He not only inhales poisonous gases
and contracts deadly diseases.
I
61
!i
J
i
h
i
!
b
i;;
k
r:
<r x
I
■
-
•
.
E
'■j
c
.........■
''W> • ■
These sweepers and scavengers areealways on the verge of | ;;O,:. . \
collapse, because their dli'setfses are often tijnes incurable. J •<•; '' In addition to the Pourakarmiks their family mcmb*For example those engaged in gutter-cleaning and manhole- .’Y< ’ ?y. should also be subjected to periodical check-up and
chambers cleaning contract various kinds of skin diseases, 2
because of the environmental factors It has mm
- times
•
•
■
......................
1 often
they
become,
easily
vulnerable to dangerous.jS
dangerous |Wo.the notice 'of the Committee that even in’ Government
diseases, like leprosy, cancer, T.B., Asthama., They ^f diospitals they
“ tein8 ““ “re or
‘
\ also lose their eyesight early.' < .
,;
y,
• ••
. I
j!
' :
sM
©
JtlS : •'
,,™(JeTPeCti °n L11-65® Pourakarmiks who fall ill, the con
The Committee has observed that the Pourakarmiks do ’-f ’ ■ • cerned Local Bodies should extend fc^medical aid until
not enjoy a full span of life. They die a premature death ?.•
rC^Are C071P,ctely cured. Till theiithc*~Locar’Bodics
because of lack of medical check-up and proper treatment
in the early stages of their disease. The reason why they j do not seek immediate medical aid is of the inherent fear ■:tliat they may lose their jobs or be confined to bed for a long b
Ut>-lC ,He^lth. Department officials should visit the
time. In either case they will be deprived of their and >
nhvc^uT!ikS ?oI°aies.rc£u'ar!y to educate them on moral
their family’s liylihood. It is on account of this fear that :f
mm chJ d S'cal hy8'ene- They sh0l,!d arrange lectures
they conceal their diseases and in doing so they also spread :
film
shows on diseases and health.
these diseases to others.
S°pniittee aAS° rec.ommends that Government should
In order to save these Pourakarmiks from the jaws of
up
an
EflOmPLSornmittee by the Public Health Deuartdisease and death, it is necessary and compulsory that all Pourakarmiks should be subjected to a thorough medical .Qf-ocmKence_ot,occupruiana_L,hazards ~ancf—cliseases~cbncheck-up and treatment onceJii three months. It should :
be made statutorily incumbent on the part of all Local '
tions to remedy the situation TFmay be pointed out 'tiuil
Bodies to subject their Pourakarmiks to periodical medical •
no other State Government in India hasPgone into this
check-ups once in three months by medical officers not ’
• Sn? and the Cornmittee feels ^at such an investigation
below the rank, of an Assistant Surgeon. The concerned
Local Bodies should bear all these medical expenses and’’
make suitable provision in their annual budgets.
Those Pourakarmiks who have to enter the manholes are
In order to allow the sweepers and scavengers to have
subjecting
themselves to great physical as well as mental
enough time for a healthy living, the present mode of workJhonifU H^ssary that the concerned Local' Bodies
ing hours (as already suggested) should be changed. After
sh°u
d
insja^gnjive
s and pay the .premium themselves
their work is over they must go back to the muster-roll :
to
7
the
b®, PO^ibletFHiFkepwision
shelters, (which should be built) deposit their uniform and
to
the
families
of
Pourakarmiks
assigned to man-hole
tools in the lockers provided, clean themselves with carbolic
cleaning m the event of any untoward and tragic happening
soap and change to their own dress before they leave the ;
shelters. If this is strictly enforced and supervised properly,
the chances of contacting diseases will be very much mini
mised.
..... -
I
"»
10
-TC.-SSW®<S»iCEjj
-
I ■
■
;'.
—
.......................■
•
'
gasg
,-.wBias^«.*ase2<H^sws's»i
b
c
c
J
c
>!!»».
dill/
' • iijph.
Wll/I't.
c
■MtluX
Xdi«-'
r
mW
i©
>4,/
1
MiW
□. (1
1)'
1 rT’i
\
s.#./
i
■—
sassaass^
SSKS
•s>
•;
‘s.liJ
Mtn
'I
-
i
c
Q
i
r
eV
CHAPTER XII
II
e
C
There are reasons for this sorry state of affairs. From
the Vedic times these people were never allowed to enter,
seats of learning, because the rigid caste system which existed
then made education the sole monopoly of only a few
people at the top. Secondly, they had also created a fear
complex in the minds of Scheduled Castes that it was sinful
either to hear or read the sacred texts.
The Scheduled
Castes who believed in this superstition kept away from the
seats of learning. So this illiteracy is several centuries old.
It is a happy augury that most of the Scheduled Castes have I
now realised that education alone is the right kind of pass- |
port to all happiness and prosperity in life.
;hi
c ■ I
■t
It ■
’W''
r
o>
r
0
U"
.;•
Education
a
One of the reasons for the utter backwardness of sweepers :
and scavengers is total lack of education . There is no
education, among the Pourakarmiks, and nweover there is ;
no desire also on their part to get educated.. Because they
are sure that the kind of work they are doing- requires no
educational qualification. Secondly, as they are sure that
their jobs would be given to their children also, there is no
need to educate their children as well. This vicious circle
and perverted way of thinking have to be broken. The
! Pandya Committee set up by the Government of India
1 have suggested that the children of Pourakarmiks should not
I be allowed to take up this profession as a hereditary affair,
\ because they will never get educated with such an outlook
/on life.
N 8-
w
1
■£'
There is another problem that deserves consideration.
While the other section's of Scheduled Castes are educated,
it. is only the children of sweepers and scavengers who are
totally neglected in the educational field. There are many
reasons for this sad neglect. One of the reasons is the
present method of working hours for-Pourakarmiksboth the parents go away for the work leaving their children
.■fe
Jii
a18 ■
I
64
.4®
■
at home, there is no one to instruct or supervise their educa
tion. Moreover, the Pourakar.miks also make use of their
children to assist them in their work or to look after children
younger than themselves. In this way their education is
completely neglected.
The State Government is also to blame for the present
state of affairs. The Slate Government have not taken any
steps to enforce the ‘Compulsory primary Education Act’. It
should be made a punishable offence if the Pourakanniks do
not send their children to schools upto the age of 14 years.
The Education Department of the State should also be held
responsible for non-implemcntation of this act. The
Committee has therefore strongly recommended to Govern
ment in its ‘ Interim Report ’ that a “ Pouraicarmiks Welfare
Board ” should be set up immediately to look after all
aspects of the welfare of the Pourakarmiks and their children
including their education which is a very important factor.
As soon as this Board comes into being immediate steps will
be taken to regulate and supervise the education of sweepers
and their children according to a phased programme.
Tn the meanwhile the Committee recommends that
immediate steps should be taken to implement the following
schemes.
Government should, construct Creches, Nursery and
Primary, Schools in those localities Whc^ieT^urakarnuks
live^ exclusively Tor the benefit of Pourakarmiks’ children.
It is because these children of Pourakarmiks are not admi
tted in the schools opened for other Scheduled Castes
children. To substantiate this 'statement it is worthwhile
quoting what exactly is happening in many places of the
State. The Chairman during his visit to Bellur of Mandya
district observed that the children of Pourakarmiks are not
admitted in the school which is being exclusively running
for Scheduled Castes children.
It is necessary and incumbent on the part of Government
to extend all facilities to the ‘children of Pourakarmiks upto
the college level by way of giving free clothing,, books'and
!■
l.w.c. s.s.—9
55
—............
*
.
............ --a....
o
- l
o
1■ ■
........... ...
-
<
........................
-------- ................................
i
0
p
I
a,determination to lead a better.life. .By-her own
.^fc^efforts;slie got educated and was able to pa:ss.’the S.S.L.C
, ; , r
o . .,
, . ,.
, ,J , ,
.
wW'examination. In the meanwhile she also got married to an
^hcstelj^cihties. Suitablejicholarships
also be given J(|;^young man of the same community who had also passed the
as a measure of encouragement to the children of Poura- M^g'g.S.L.C. examination. In spite of their best efforts for
karmiks in this educational drive, for regular attendance |r^J:thc'jpast ‘three years both of them.have not-been able’to
to equip them for higher studies in.a systematic manner.
,
Secure‘any appointment suiting their educational qualifica-.
To complete their educational career successfully it is "$ /Vk tion. - They have been forced to lead a precarious existence,
nccessaary to arrange periodical educational tours in and
Even the Social Welfare Department has not come to their
J - rescue. -This is a very pathetic state of affairs which must
outside the State. A well informed and learned teacher
be. set right immediately.
should be deputed to accompany them and give them
suitable guidance throughout the tour. All the expenditure 'V
• The second incident that has come to the notice of the
should be met by the Government.
Committee is that .of an young graduate in Mechanical
As a measure of incentive and encouragement to PouraEngineering whose post has yet to be made permanent by
kanmks in this educationa! drive, for -regular attendance
a Quasi-Governmental Organisation.
of their children in schools they (the parents) should be 5
Another incident that the Committee wishes to place on
awarded a spec i a 1 allo w a neg of Rs. 10 per child. And in
record
is that relating to the plight of about 20 boys, of Bidar
those cases where (Tc^drridreii of Pourakarmiks excel other
City
belonging
to Balmiki community engaged in private
students in their studies as well as sports in an outstanding
scavenging who have not been admitted to the Harijan
manner the parents should be given an extra increment.
Hostel started by the Social Welfare Department. It is
immediately as a measure of appreciation and encourage
necessary that these lapses should be set right to ensure a fair
ment.
and better deal to pae children of sweepers and scavengers.
The Constitution has no doubt stipulated that 15 per cent
It has also come-to the notice of the Committee that the
of the jobs should be reserved for the Scheduled Castes. But
children of Pourakarmiks are not admitted to hostels run by
in actual practice the children of Pourakarmiks are not at
the Social Welfare Department, in places where the parents
all benefitted by this directive principle because they are
of these children are working as Pourakarmiks. In other
neglected on all sides. To infuse a fresh spirit of enthusiasm
words, the children of Pourakarmiks in any place have to go
• for higher education it is necessary on the part of Governto some other distant place to get -these hostel facilities.
rment to hold out specific assurances that the educated
The Committee, therefore recommends that the children of
jchildrcn of Pourakarmiks will be provided with suitable jobs
Pourakarmiks should be accommodated in these hostels in
hi Government. Semi-Government and public undertakings.
their own places.
/ Unless this, is done there is no hope that the children of
In order to supervise and regulate the education of the
Pourakarmiks will come forward and evince any real interest
children of sweepers and scavengers, to provide suitable job
I in education.
opportunities, to ensure the literacy of Pourakarmiks them
The educated children of Pourakarmiks have been sadly
selves, and above , all to improve their cultural level it is
neglected with regard to job opportunities. Only two instanecessary that the “ Pourakarmiks Welfare Board” as
v •}.> will suffice to substantiate this statement. The Commi
already suggested should be set up immediately to attend
ttee during its tour of Raichur district came across a curious
and disquieting incident. An young girl who was forced into
.. ^7
the Basavi cult revolted against .this system and came out ' ■..... •—...... I : .
.T 1 '
c a
tb
e
j
n
a
a
a
•|tD
■0
I
I
I
I
66
jib
fl
J
0
a
Mb
j
fe b
11)
Il
n
a
d
j
a
I■I £
■©
a
j
n
1I
L
mM’-
j
m •
• MkrZ •
a
f-©—
G
i
®fr
IF.
L
bo bleak and discouraging
teretpfore?;.1
I
QP
f
■■.■■. ;>■'■>■ ■ " |
. . ? .. .
• '1
■■■Ml-
■• ui
selves should;bo g^.J6
mustbbTh^maEaitory |
^“Adiflt EducTdon'council ” .'.which is |
on ..the jJart of the Adult D ^atw0 dccacjcs. to initiate |
u>
c”. ■■ I
tliat the’ working J
- I
uuiu uv ____ ©__ -1
0*
■
and personal hygiene.
&
i•’I ■ V
0ft
J-
%
'
■-
t,;
gi .0
t
or^er. t0
1
■
them Ufor 'education, recreation,
.
armle*S'S13^“f£|rcHiefS'“£"» |
Siestill SO 'mm in
SS1“mmtaeoron lh° pan of
ytsis
I
’
@1)' ■
!
I
•
4
P
!‘l:
'>1■ I
c^., . • . 51
(...
z«?n
:
4-
'
J!
•■1
their own instead of schools. This temple in Bellary Pourakarmlks’
help of social and sevice organisations like the local notary
and Lions Clubs, Jaycecs, etc.
J
The Committee has also ^onunended that the; Educa-
f!
C f!:'
0"
. .....................................................................
The Pourakarmlks everywhere in the State must have temple of
SS5 5?5.jMto ^“il to £i lotS ■
A
C-\
fcwft
bgh
....................... ..........................................................................................
•.Iljl
o
j
colony was constructed by Pourakarmlks themselves at a cost of
■
;(
lakhs.
aS"&
sx,?‘.rasa
Ji x^v^ioi.
in their respective budgets to meet this item of expenditure.
,
.•••■•■..■.’'
1
j!
-i
68
1
y.
'
■' 1
t ..
i
' 'y
o
■'
' ■’*',
'
■
"
I
T)
-J
a
■'
I
ijH
I
i (
o
o
'■
■"•■•
'<!’
•■••■■
......................................■
z?-
r -
f.’a
CHAPTER XIII / T.i
,T ‘
j;>
, Social Integration
,
:
Untouchability has been' a great obstacle for the' social
and .emotional integration in India. ; Many social reformers'
have tried hard for the eradication of this evil.butrit.has
. not been possible to wipe.it out completely; © This.can be
done by the. people themselves with or without a Asocial
•>
j revolution. Social and political revolutions’do take place
’ whether people want it or. not. . In the words of Sri
1 Aurobindo,t the French Revolution would have taken place
| just .as it did and when it did by economic necessity even
: if Rousseau and Voltaire had never written anything and
the 18th Century Philosophical movement in the world of
thought had never worked out its bold and radical specui. lations.
»
I
Whatever that may be, the problem now is how to
achieve social and emotional integration.
After the
attainment of freedom, these two processes ought io have
taken place side by side. But unfortunately this has not
taken place at all and at the present rate it may take a few
more decades to achieve this objective.
But the country
; cannot wait so long. Unless there is perfect unity’among
?■
all sections of Indians the country may not be able to face
external aggression and internal disorder when they take
place. The country has suffered in the past on account of
disunity and differences of opinion among various sects and. *
castes.
i'
:b:
• . .. Sv"
Never before was there a greater need than at present to
forge a united front and achieve complete and solid unity
in the country. This cannot be achieved as long as large
sectors and masses of men and women are 'labelled as
untouchables and kept’aloof. In the larger interest of the
country,- this curse has to be removed and throughout the
country there should be no distinction of caste, colour or
creed. It is therefore necessary that a phased and syste
matic programme has to be adopted to eradicate untouch
ability and bring about social integration.
I
^aass
' ':r.
i i
....
"’I
,..-/■ ■••
S4JuiZ
■
■
| W
1
a
'■Wri ®
L •>w-\
m-H X*M
'
■. § o
j
1
o
a
j
)b
a
j
h
”
-i
--I..
h m
n
a
d
J
q
''d
© J
ft
q
dw
P
Vil,
V-
■.,,,7
s
L©
I
'MiliM/
a
j
n
a
d
, J ,^r\
|a
Ml. ’’’
)
n
a, ■?
a*
i1
v i
al
n
.a*-
r
j-
L
i’
r>,'
!;
'J,
.i
»
in me year i^oo, tne union Government’ . enacted
a centra||M^'
/»■
.«
. -/rkiMv • ;
legislature prescribing condjgn punishment
for
the
practi^
fe^^
of untouchability.
.
The
'
act
is
comprehensive
and
"
applet
untQuchabililX. The
appli^rVv‘'’’ •_
cable to all sections of the people. All the State Govern^
CHAPTER XIV
ments have also made it a punishable offence by legislative
} *-bl. .•
enactment.
/■
• . - ‘-■■ • ; v:; ov'iig
•ii^' ■'T'
Political Representation
Secondly, it is necessary (^educate the people by publicity
edijcajjenal^^un^gns because ultimHely 'dll''.
'in-.prehistoric and mediaeval societies it was the gun
evils are rooted in the mind. Therefore, the minds of the . that was regulating the political power, in a democracy it
people should be disabused and they must realise^ that is..the ,ballot box that controls the levers of power. It is
untouchability is a crime on social, moral, political and the legislatures that shape social contours and hence it is
economic grounds. It is also necessary to press into service necessary that the legislatures should be fully and completely
all publicity media like the radio, films, posters, pamphlets appraised of the problems that confront any particular eroub
and well-written books.
; or section of society. In the words of the famous American
! Thirdly, the assistance and active co-operation of all Statesman Alxoham Lincoln ‘ a democracy is the Govern
/ voluntary, political and social organisations should be ' ment of the people, by the people and for'the people
utilised in the groat endeavour of wiping out the social dis
The Pourakarmiks have suffered untold hardship* and
hurmhations for no fault of theirs. In the words of Prof J
v Fourthly, the living and working conditions of Poura-^
. Most Hindus
--------are
- not aware of the denih\
I karmiks should be improved without delay so that psychp? of degradation to which we have reduced the scavenainc
\ logically they may feel chat they are not inferior to anybody occupation. It was the one occupation to which we applied
in society. Everything should be done to infuse this new our three attributes^of unseeability, unapproachability and
kind of confidence and philosophy in them.
There is.one more danger and that is the observance oft Again, the Pourakarmiks who give so much to the society
untouchability among the Scheduled Castes people therif4
thenf-1 by way of dedicated service get very little from the same
selves owing to a perverse sense of superiority and inferiority. * society m return. The Committee was pained to observe
•■.$; during
This must be removed forthwith.
-d
- their various
------ visits
-----that in many places tile- PouraAn
imoortant
nF
Mnh
’
nnai
no
good.and
pure
water
,
*
----- to
—drink.
........
It is water
An important aspect of National Integration is the unifi-r .thatds
n
.!^A^y
!
for
human
.,
u
P
kee
P
and
without
good
cation of the country. The National Integration Conference potable water it is not possible
held at New Delhi in the year 1961' when Pandit Nehru was Even with regard to the elementary necessity of drinkinn
at the helm of affairs, stressed this pojnt and adopted water, there is no one to uphold "heir
(s'aand
tul get them
their 7igh
rights
cffectiyc and all-embracing programme to achieve the tneir basic requirements.
objective. , Since then, more vigorous measures have been
taken and it is reasonable to hope that before long this age-’ bit must be pointed out that this facility of good drinkinlong curse of untouchability will be removed and the country
CX.tcnde<110 aI1 tha Po^akarmiks who remove
will be able to present a united front in all National and
e filth of the town and who in this, process get involved
International 'spheres.
SrSU ASJ rhea th at in1 P°ints of their Professional
career. Addressing a public meeting of sweeners and
70
JWH?STer5
thc 2nd of January
the late
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said “.This j,s our Government and
,
,
~ - --------------
~
J
*
AAWAAAMli
I
J!
T.il:.|
: i
•
M
■tl
!
1 i •.'
'■■
■
■ ■■• A
•■ -:
■v:
;d;j
.<
VX.WJ
'i’d
'^;i
i
■f 4
■■■
1
h
.................... ~............................................................................. ........ ......... ............... ■
■
.
a
.........
-
□
□
II
3
■4 ’
Ji!
we have our own Constitution which provided that our•5: : '
worker comrades and those who are considered as a Low
1
snould receive special
care —
and protection. K
It is
our uuiy,
duty
..... ..........
io vui
©ov“ !hl= 'SitaKf“i'e" £
Kjr)
r';
CHAPTER XV
(
I0Hfe
Miscellaneous Matters
\
recommended U.al all ri8b15 and pni■
S ;
V I think it is the primary duty ofan^ ^cihties that are to be extended to the Poura/ build for you proper houses which are iceat and are sunnlierf ‘ ^ar?1^s ‘J?
recommended by the Committee may be
life
"J “av‘”sers workins in ita
jw.
ties”.
j 1. Railways and Industrial Colonics,
2. Defence
I Colonies 3. Private Residential Colonies,
4. Police
Quarters, 5. Unauthorised Private Layouts,
6. Trust
Boards,
7. Housing Boards
<8. Sanitary Boards,
9. Cinemas, 10. Taluk Development Boards, 11. Sewe
rage Board,
12. Hospitals and Nursina Homes (both
private and Government), 13. Factories^both Private and '
Government).
It is necessary to extend these benefits to the workers in
the above establishpients because these workers have no
proper representation to press their demands.
Morever
in these Industrial Establishments the workers are called
upon to putforth hard work and also work for loneer
number of hours. It is but equitable that they should^be
given all facilities and privileges that are conferred on the
other Pourakarmiks.
V
The Committee has come to the conclusion that all those
who arc now engaged in sweeping and scavenging work in
Un authorised Layouts, Village Panchayaths, etc?, coming
within the jurisdiction of Corporations, Municipalities, etc.,
should be absorbed in their respective Local Bodies with
continuity of service. IMany of these workers who have
put m a long number of . years of service are treated as
temporary workers and they have no security of tenure,
lhese people and their families have to face .uncertainty
continuously and this is not conducive for efficient work on
heir part. In another way it should be said that unless
they arc made permanent they will not work with any
enthusiasm. Therefore, the Committee recommends that
These pious and noble sentiments have remained mere
dreams and uptill now as they have hot been translated into
actJ0n Hie status-quo will continue unless very prompt
and effective measures are taken to tackle this problem. It
is rightly said that desperate diseases require desperate
remedies and the problem of Pourakarmiks is one such. r
/ 'n11 iS al.wa^s tf.he wearer who knows where the shoe pinches...
. Hie leaders of Pourakarmiks themselves know these pro
blems much better than others who no* doubt have a lot of
' Th^PHa;rArff,”d?r1>nd"eiSS foIthe u^iaPPy lot of thcsc people.
PrfnciP^s of o^r Constitution have no doubt
I stipulated
certain safeguards «ud
and protective measures for
.- •
! .uf2'r
the weaker
eaker sections
sectlons of society like the Pourakarmiks. It is
i therefore
___
. . . ' r::
necessary
that the interests of Pourakarmiks
I should be represented1 in
in an
all ©oca
Local Bodies, State Legislatures
as well as the Indian Parliament. As far as the States are
concerned a certain number of seats in the legislature should
be reserved for the representatives of Pourakarmiks either
rom the reserved constituencies or from the general const!-’
where^hp ” a c!elmosrap111?,ba?is- Tn rcspect of those States'
where there are bt-cameral legislatures at least two represennominated to the’
I tLT © le P2.Vrakarmik's shou,d
S fhe Tn©\ m’e san? Principle should apply in respect
p‘
, SabllTaT and © RaJVa Sablla of the Indian
arhament also. Unless this reasonable and at the same
time humane principle is adopted to .protect their interests’
any amount of paper plans and recommendations will not
■solve their problems.
--- ............ ....... ...
. ....... —
. .................................. ........... ........... ...........................
r
C
life
i©
l'
i<©
C
I
I tfc
(
r°
c
F©
Lc
1 |)C
ij ©
C
c
■ Io c
I
I©
Ji I i©
j|O
ho
;
d
'1
c
■ ’^yj
i72
"■
?•!
i
G
1
Iiji
. d nlace the Pourakarmiks being an insignificant entity^ can
fl!
■ ®
‘•‘W’'
!H
•■ "i1 ■
*. H
1
er i: HI '
jt
■■
#
it
:y
■ ■y
r
R
h
!
9-
:■!
.
>
I 6"
0’“
r
w
:
[
6
G
r
!! •’’
■‘ F
Q'
£
( 0)
I %
0'
8 @«*
ti
r,
$
i
I ci
I
I
?■
not loih’.c, a complainl against powci i ul intci csts ;md ■••in!
continue to live with, courage and dignity. In many cases
ashe is afraid of the consequences of lodging a complaint,
he will simply keep quite pocketing all the insults.
I he
Committee recommends that it is Ihy responsibility ol llic
concerned Deputy Commissioners of districts to book all
such eases and* indict condign punishments on the olkndcis.
As a rule the Pourakarmiks arc heavily indebted, and olicn
times the debt burden is so great that they cannot lead a
normal life with honour and dignity. They, borrow Irom
private money lenders who charge exorbitant rates of
interest. It is necessary to put a moratorium on Pourakarmik’s debts and to enable them to lead a free and useful
life. The Committee once again recommends that the
concerned municipalities should give ” a Salary Deduction
Guaranteeso that the Scheduled Banks can give them
loan facilities on convenient terms.
In order to p-revent population explosion in our country,
as in other parts of the world, the State and Cent; al C/O'vernments have launched an cd'cctive programme of controlling
population growth in our country. The Pourakarmiks
and their families should be made to realise the pressing
need to limit their families. After getting three children,
every Pourakarmik should undergo a vasectomy operation.
In addition to the usual reward paid by the Family Planning
Organisation, the concerned 'Municipalities should pay a
reward of Rs. 500 to each Pourakarmik.
In spite of th$ fact.that there is a specific order regarding
the abolition of untouchability, it is regrettable that Pourkarmiks continue to be harassed and humiliated on account
of their caste and profession. In many places they are not
allowed to draw water from wells, enter places of worshij),
eating places, barber shops, schools, etc. In addition to.these
discriminations, they are also not provided with relief when
ever untouchability is practised on them. Tn a smalkor big
Social Security
The social, security measures for (he Pourakarmiks are
both meagre and inadequ:fEZ~After retirement from service
‘hey have‘"nblhmg to lalTTmck or to look forward to any
bright future. The question ofoeking out a livelihood
74
75
'
. .. -
i
!
j'.’
.j
!
CHAPTER z\VI
o
I'i
i>;
f
&
i rT"
<
all these workers ghoukl be confirmed forthwith .in—their
respeetive posts wEhout any break of "service.
One. of the dirty habits developed by some of the Poura
karmiks is that of eating the dead bodies of animals such as
buffalos cows and goats. ‘Ihey are also forced to continue
this habit, because of scarcity of lood.l Secondly, as l.hcy
arc all non-vegetarians and cannot allord to buy fresh
mutton, they readily lake to the practice of gating carcasses.
This practice should be pm'cntcd immediately. ‘I'he Cbjiiniittcc recommends that citizens owning animals should
notify to the respective Local Bodies, about the death of
animals in their custody. It would then bo the responsi
bility of the Local Bodies to give a proper disposal to these
dead-animals. At the same time they must see lo it that
these dead bodies are not consirmed by the Pourakarmiks.>
It is also suggested that proper guidelines should be indicated 1
for the disposal and prevention of misuse; as well as un-i
authorised use of carcasses.
""Another point that the Committee wants to stress is
I that the Pourakarmiks should, on no. account be made to
carry dead bodies from the mortuaries of hospitals located
tin these areas.
It is the duty of the hospital authorities
to make suitable arrangements for the disposal of tiie dead.
The Local Police also should be requested not to force the
Pourakarmiks to carry these corpses. In addition to being
unhealthy, this continuous carrying of dead bodies is likely
to induce a psychological reaction in the minds of Poura
karmiks, and in order lo endure the performance of this
most repulsive duty, they are forced to drink.
.; .
.
~_.._-v,.
^c/.; .... .- .
.„.,
'
-...-
1. .
-------------.AW,^.,.„.l.rJ1,.:>,^4-_>.«r,r.,Mi. ■.>»-
-- „,. — ...........................
• , .%t -•,... >.,..^ - . - ----------- -
~v
i -z-
*2>
’• - . ..-*WnW*!*'8’M«*'* -<-.... .^. . •?
.................... *■
1 ~
■dC'
-
r
I
people shamelessly c’c:;!e the nmway lines and highways; ft basket is fuT ’is contents should be emptied into the public
ormutmg against wa.Ls and fouling footpaths.
Secondly, the housewives who clean the houses
? I dustbin.
;
should
not
throw the dust into the street but put it
Nowhere in the world will you hear people clearing their s
into
the
basket
maintained at home.
throats with raucous noises, coughing up phlegm or bloody f
betel juice and.spit.
At present the mothers of children are in the habit of
Nowhere else in the world will you sec so much litter, ’ allowing their young ones to ease themselves in public streets
in front of their houses. This is a very nasty habit which
garbage swept or tossed out of home into public
will
not only foul the entire atmosphere, but also create
thoroughfares.
health hazards of a serious nature,
I'he Committee
Those habits are ugly, nauseating. They are the cause of
appeals to these mothers that they should put an end to this
all the unbearable stench that pervades our bazaars. They, habit forthwith and make it a point to teach their children
cause diseases like typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis.
to always go to the privy to attend the calls of nature.
Singapore and Hong .Kong, which weee as. dirty as our
In all countries of the world people have developed^ high
cities, are today clean cities. Ifothey could do it, so can
sense
of civic consciousness and they keep.their cities clean
ue ................. ”
without anybody’s-intervention or advice. Unfortunately
The Committee unanimously agree that we too can
in India any amount of request falls on deaf ears. The
transform our dirty cities and towns into Singapores or
adults, both men and women have developed the unwelcome
Hong Kongs at a minimum cost and within a.matter i habit of attending to calls of nature in public view.
of days.
Although there is an Act known as The Public Nuisance Act,
nobody takes it seriously with the result that our public
Our people are in the habit of throwing out whatever is
thoroughfares are always'dirty and unclean.
unwanted al home to the public streets. No Local Body
c.’.n cope with the work of clearing this kind of rubbish which
It is no doubt true that a developing country like India
goes on accumulating minute by minute. The people them
cannot afford to build public lavatories in all places. It isK ’■
selves should realise the importance of preserving and depo
therefore necessary that the public themselves should co- r.
siting the rubbish in a particular place so that the same
operate with the Municipal authorities to keep the cities
may be cleared at stated intervals by the concerned Local
clean.
In countries like Japan, there is no need to
Bodies.
appeal to the public to maintain the cleanliness of cities.
The Committee appeals to the general public to take all
Il is necessary that the citizens of a place should realise
necessary steps to maintain absolute cleanliness in all the
that others also have equal rights in the matter of maintain
areas of a township.
ing public health. The present method of throwing out
the rubbish in an indiscriminate manner and defecating in.
Another dirty habit, that our people have developed is
the public is a direct contravention of civic rights of other
spitting
indiscriminately on public streets. There can be
citizens.
nothing more obnoxious than this habit.
When people
The Committee .ippcals to the cili/cns that they should
begin to spit in the open streets, many diseases get wildly
maintain waste baskets at home into which they can put
spread causing havoc as far as public hcalfh fs concerned.
in , ill ia rl > I > i •. 11 a i id u i-kw11Uvd~ th i
-a I Iuh iw. - - • WI wih-lhc
80
nny.c. s.s.—11
c
f
.
F"
'■F
’j’:'
A
h->il;
F
fch
\
• L©
-r 'in
F
J
1°
>^>11^
’
c
c
C
r'f1^
ic
) '(ff}
T
'kli '''in-''
c
.©
I o 4s
i*’
f\
■-tiii,..*/’
T C
£ ■©
I
?ll
M ■ /rtf’s.
fl.
c
1
I '-
i|iu
G
BKS '■''’u’'
®
Z1
4
iU. X
•! I .
<
Jig ■'•■hpi''
-C
81
313
i
I
^o' 9
r t
>
inlitdia. Tl»?Pom.»g 'Hookwn>rt«m «££•
;, „„frte
- ' ' ■ must not Sp'^in the country.
tic , A n '<ivscntery. diarrhoea and
.■ ■ ■ ■. ,I;.rtiever (typhoid,
£e o nasal excreta,
.
Uv smtting and d'scnar^ai|mcnlSi SIuaii pox,
i„^™“l^^sXd toXhunl\« l dfiS pox. mon-s etc ate propagated
P™^
.
they will finish their work and <.i
W
csleaningi and.|.
Tq eradicate the dirty habits in our people it is necessary
To
and Hong Kong. 1 hey
in one street, they proceed to the nexi
they gQ
, ..follow the example of Singapore: a.
ainsi.■ ‘committing nuisance (urinal‘ anlihrowInsor.bUc^npuM-
llpi
■ P
y- V' ''V.
T*
F'.
F'.'
Ri
1''’
F''
Ir/
r
A
•A
rA
3^
TL ‘
r-
p'
i -
'>
tp,
r
3 . ‘
&
IJ
e x
”Ti
I
r^‘'
Sonest "cities in the world
both the^
reluctantly compelled to
.Therefore, the
t- Committee
to
”
nii
ot
I
e
following
string™, rules m
■ _
recommend the i-f
5 the Nation against commuting
of
the larger interests
i-'-‘nuisance.
- i the public streets
on
. 1. People who tHrow rubbish
5
for
the
first offence. Three
,Cfint . ........
win be liable toj a fine pf Rs. f
simple
imprisonment
will entail a
,[ public health and:U| Isuch repeated offences
c
All for one week.
defile, the public
Those who allow their children to
sanitation.
•{V| slreeinnd'KtpaXrwillbol^to.
fine of Rs. ? for
"■:i. I
“X'ayuVntanekitor repealed olfenees.
each offence
*>• B
• adults
7y - who commit
• pub.. c nuisance by
CHAPTER XIX
3, Those
fn .the public
be liablesimple
to a I
t“otnRsCa”S ?or“£eXce
Pand‘ awill
fortnight
■ Itoumlng of Strident Rules agaitisl ComndUing; Nuisance
™
For'tai’olfence and a torm.gni Simple
:1 in’PrrnX'Si~nX"=
be liable
liab.e \
it k the sad experience that our .
the sueels
streets wil>
will be
move with the time ^^^^^t^development’ofpd
to bear upon them: Unfortunately me .g
of a> 4 t0 a fine of0wXs
"Rs. 2C^S
for each offence.
or vehicles who park the
- Those owners of all kinds of vehicles who park he
civic consciousness an}?’11°„°.UomeP fn?Ce or coercion is‘;
5. those ow
t t.—. an(| f00(paths and ioul the
commendable ”ature‘
not readily carry out instruct ;
brought upon them, hey will
benefit...
by washings and repairing t...
lions and moral obligation ‘
‘ habjt of clamouring.?] to a fine
fme of Rs. 25 for
tor each offence.
olTen®^
and Hotels
6. - Those
£“!y““’“!’i“n,bbisl,, tat
/» their
s * privileges
....iaaac <t/ithrill*
___ who maintain
only for
without at
at the
the samee time realising.!.
„
arrangements
their duties and responsibilities.
should
make .men
ih «rs to throw used
..........
.
; I K
” "eirnoRioto'.'
Sf Slow Ita
hook worm, 1
According ,to r>n
Dr. B. qS. Vrrma
verma, Bombay,
transmitted ibrnnoh
through I
thread worm and round worm are. t.... ..... - 83
82
oSrSSI
1
•fesrax:x
■t
•■ -..J
’
**i>»
>
i
..................................... ..
I '. i
H
aa^ «
r
'c
i leaves in the public streets will be liable to a fine of R< sn^'AA'
ir '■•' . ,,
Up;:L.
tai
W
in- H'-r-’
fe
i ?'■
II
■W
' rti
': <
:
■'
;
for each offence.
• 5°i'
,
7 The owners of buffalos and cattle who tie them''
in public thoroughfares and footpaths and causing pollution
of the area will be liable to a fine of Rs. 2.5 for the fS .
offences'
S'mpIe imPrisonmenl for subsequent
, Tbose o?ntract°rs of buildings who pile up (heir
S the rio'r.nfn 'Ilc(.StvetS afnd footPatIls causing obstruction
to (he normal activities of the public as well as Pourakarnuks will,be liable to a fine of Rs. 50 for.each offence. '
, 9. The Shopkeepers who throw rubbish on the streets
lr
rleaned by Pour«karmiks will be
liable, to a fine of Rs. 50 for each ofTence.
Bodies ?h<Stl<;e -^reng'y recommends that all the Local
T S 10 c glve. (he W,^t publicity to these bye-laws
and hcep the public informed about, the penal provisions
°he hniS bhC‘
A>fter f'o ing a time liniit during which
bve hws the°rnd
[02h 1X enlightened about these
oye laws, the concerned Municipalities will take suitable
steps to enforce the provisions of these bye-laws strictly
CHAPTER XX
fr
;■
i'1
r
An Appeal to the Pourakarmiks and .the Supervisory Staff
of Local Bodies.
, No honest „job) is deragatory to one's self resn^ri Rnf
unfortunately the profession of Pourakarmiks has become
. despised profession. It is entirely the fault of Pouri'armiks themselves, who by their ignorance and attachment
denZingU°nS'
made °therS COnsider this PrSs^on
No doubt the sweepers and scavengers- come from ihe
oppressed and suppressed community. However the
Cons itubon of the Republic of India has givenTem a new
digmty and standing in lift:. Nothing stands in the wayVf
QA
.
..
,
■t,®tl.cri,.1K themselves in all possible Wa^.
Ti1Cy sii
ways. They
should
”
*•
—
-'
‘
•C
l
l
:
^
m
!'
cs
b
y
Constitution
d-aiiuwliwiook^^
The Pourakarmiks should Uikg pride in their profession.
They should realise that they are responsible for the heaTfii
and hygiene of the entire community, and as such should
not consider themselves as inferior to others.
P Today, though the Society is in need of their services, it
hasnot accepted them on an equal footing. That is because
ThV Of CaStC SyStem w,lieh is ^rfoding our nation.
J hat is how a new stigma came to be tagged on to the
JiffiTi10'1’ ! But 'J •COll,(1 bc erildicatcd by the Pourakarmiks
themselves, by making the profession cleanest in the country.
The reason why the Pourakarmiks have become despised
t0?l7-,'n th£ cycs of, lhc community is because of
their J rty habits. The people who maintain the cleanliness
or the town do not, as a matter of fact, bother to maintain
Which°hT per?°”;U cleanliness. It is not the profession
which has made them dirty, on the other hand it is them-, ■
selves who have made the profession dirty. Therefore, the
Committee appeals to Pourakarmiks to maintain personal
cleanliness and hygiene at all costs.
J
The Committee appeals to Pourakarmiks to follow the
few words of advice mentioned below in their own interest
. as well as those of the Nation.
v
•fe
c
L.
Q
c
c
■ i
c
c
c
d>
c
*
Mm*'
* 1
^tur”'ng from day’s work the Pourakarmiks as a rule and
should clean their bodies and wash their clothes. Due to
inniT^8 !.s.cnee 1.n hi'’ Personal appearance the Pourakarmik
looks dirty and unkempt. Hence, others shy awav from
him. This ishow the practice of untouchability must have
originated. Therefore, the Pourakarmiks should bath as
‘?S p?ss.lb,e, and also have face shaves at regular
oH rVa S' 1 1S f 16 PersoIlal appearance that is respected
.2', When not .working the Pourakarmiks should never
wear their work.uniforms. At present, the Pourakarmiks
•U,
. :
,
..................... ......................................... K...
.
..........................
filin''
|A«K
c
V,
1
O1
_ o>...
...
c?
rs>
.
c
i
w
P ? -r
wear their work clothes all the 24 hours, which proclaim J
.their profession to all the onlookers. After completing his.?:
work he should immediately change to his own clothes andfthen alone step out of the premises of the Municipal office.
3. He should never carry the broom or other, work
implements on his shoulders, and never to carry them home '
after completing the work. Whenever possible he Should ?
take care not to touch the rubbish or garbage by his bare r
hands. If the Municipality has failed to provide tools as '
recommended by Malkani Committee he should dernnnd '
the supply of tools.
4. Another factor which has made a bad name for f
the I ourakarmiks is their drinking habits. Addiction to 'i
casy V* get rid of.
But. he cotHJiuHcaFt 5
- ’'Umnimise the quantity he consumes. He should never go •
a°i W(?r^ ,or aPPear in the public after consuming liquor.
Also he should not drink in the presence’of his children, nor :
make them bring liquor from the taverns.
5., The Pourakarmiks should realise the value of
fiducaUon^ and at all costs educate their children. It is the
edu^atjoiTthat will last forever and not wealth. Even sacri
ficing their personal needs they must educate their children'.
At no times they should take their children to the work spot.
6 It is rhe incurring of accessary expenses that has
made Pourakarmiks economically -vTUak ancTirTrfev to the
exploiters. The Pourakarmiks should never spend” money
on unnecessary and unreasonable customs, which has made
them indebted. It is mostly for unreasonable customs they
need money and not for self improvement or improvin'’ (he
family s standard of living. Hence, the Committee appeals
A them to spend only on necessities and not on unnecessary
r
W
a I.
a s
1 pj
HF
i’-j •'
r
1
:’i;
Q?**1
a
c > iL:
O
r ■
—■.‘leiJS'tjMr-’
in
!
Pourakarmiks Day
In order to inculcate a sense of unity and solidarity among
Pourakarmiks themselves, and also to make other sections
of the community aware of the service the Pourakarmiks are
rendering, H is necessary that once a year a ‘‘POURA
KARMIKS DAY ” should be observed by all the Local.
Bodies in the State.
Therefore, the Committee recommends that Government
shoulddeclare either the j3rd, September, the day this
Committee tvas constituted, or the j2_nd_Jebruary. the day
on which the Committee was officially inaugurated each
year as ’ Pourakarmiks Dav? throughout the State. On this
day which will be a holiday for all Pourakarmiks. they
should gather in large numbers with their families to take
part in the annual day function. On this day the Local
Bodies should arrange suitable functions when they can
distribute prizes and rewards for (i) Most well kept
residence of Pourakarmiks, (2.) Well maintained colony of
Pourakarmiks, (3) Parents of boys and eirls who show
exemplary progress in their studies, (4) Oulstandine
sportsman, (5) Histrionic talents, (6) Pourakarmik who
kpePs his assigned work area clean and tidy and
(7) Punctuality and prompt attendance throughout the vear.
They may also be entertained to light refreshments chhcr
before or alter the function tc?which all dignitaries of the
place should also be incited to participate.
p'!T'?
ii,
• .I
'
: '-
: ■ :
* ■’
I-V n
hTA;
PR!
ijn
AR
TH.’h
AR
S'i
ilHl
Jr: ■*’<
h
£ :!
lij
A '
iH
rU
CHAPTER XXII
As there is no one to advise or guide the Pourakarmiks
XX SGiS:
■
L
I'H
CHAPTER XXI
as
86
Rehabilitation
It has bcb n observed that the Pourakarmiks. who retire
from service have nothing.to fall back for a living in old
age. These people who give their best in their prime of
du
■TH
I.
BI
87
....
...
_
■:■'■•;■
J
■WT'W" ■
r'.-
!!
I
’ 7 'X.life by undertaking a very exacting and hazardous profes-f ffc.?-,’J11® Local.Bodies themselves may levy an Extra
sion ol maintaining public health become victims of neelcct ? ’ Special Cess of 6 per cent on all taxable items within their
,
.... .
........
and contempt as they advance in age. Moreoftcn than not <| ■ jurisdiction.
heir own kith and km will forsake them. They have no'f1/
homes, no medical care and no one even to speak a few-i m ■ 3. The Local Bodies should enhance the levy on liquor
shops which are located within municipal limits.
kind words to cheer them up.
I;;;
4. The Local Bodies may enhance land assessment to
f I he important thing to be done is to give them a'» ,
'bv ib0°nn t0 convince ‘hem that they arc wanted • an extent of 5 per cent on all residential quarters and 1'
, by the Society. 1 hey must also be made to feel that they ||
' • per cent in respect of non-residential buildings.
| aic cuntributing their mite to the economic development of '
5. The Local Bodies may impose a Special Levy of
) own le ‘
UL >C Sai”e linie lhdy are sLanding on their t \ 5 per cent of the income of all cinemas located in the
ms ei n r n 'Sr tiey.can earn an independent living Id municipal limits.
I “
a '■‘‘Clica ■existence. The Committee therefore 4
6. The Local Bodies may levy an enhancement of 10
lin£ihr> r
• ’e’S? rC ,ircd 1 ourakarmiks may be employed 4 per cent on all restaurants and hotels.
■' 1 M n
'i1^ ~ra.flS and1. cottage industries sucn
’
such as
as 4
7. The Local Bodies may enhance the octroi duty on
(I) Mat making, (2) Coir weaving, (3) Tannin-’ (4) Shoe I
memlM 4 '?■ lllC,r s°oc!s’. ctc' As aLeady rccom-. I cloth like terelene, rayon, silk etc.,
O S h ciitwhere-‘.’2C rehabilitation work will be attended :
8. The Local Bodies may consider the question of
to oy the proposed Pourakarmiks Welfare Board.
reimposing Professional Tax as before.
md such of, those Pourakarmiks as can take unto
The Committee earnestly hopes that the various Local
EoS<>?if f|e all?t‘ed suitable plots -bf land for this 2 Bodies in the State would make it a point to augment their
ReformslAc°
16 ex‘St'ns surPRf5 lands under the Land ? income by the methods suggested above. The amount thus
collected should be specifically eremarked for working out
schemes aimed at the amelioration of the Jiving and working
conditions of Pourakarmiks.
CHAPTER X/X11I
Financial Resources
The Local Bodies are likely to plead their inability to
thmXir fi1C prop,osals of liie Committee on the ground
that their financial resources are severely limited and
nieagr0. in order to overcome such an objection on (heir '
pi
ie Comnutlec makes the following recommendations ■
to augment their resources.
commendations
t .
1.
In deserving cases the State Government should
.i:
C
j
0
c
il
Why a Permanent Board
After the attainment of freedom, the Government of
India made all efforts to usher in an egalitarian type of
society, which in other words would be the correct pattern
of a welfare state. In order to achieve this objective the
Union Government attempted to change the Social order
not from the top but from the bottom which would be
more e.n?l’rmg. After tha General ..Elections, of-1-97-1 tlw-
a
j
i ’ If
n
o
ti
j
Mp
3i
CHAPTER XXIV
J
1r
(lit
!«
I
it
'If5
ii IL
i
G
d
J
-1
4 0
J
1
0
J
q
G8
X? ■ ■
o
i
B'-''
accredited'leaderof our nation, Sinti- Indira Gandhi annol ^-sweepers
and scavengers were paid a pittance of a salary
unccd that ii was the intention of the Government tij ? in a-most irregular manner in contravention of all accepted
coupons’ of Government policy. Some of them were
banish poverty from the country once and for all. To ;•,--------achieve this objective it was necessary to uplift millions and" ■ employed on part-time basis while others on daily wages
millions of down trodden people who could not aiford eveg v■ throughout
^mnohnj their official service. There was no security of
one square meal a day. Therefore special instructions were ■ any kind, and when their services were dispensed with due
issued to all State Governments for the1 iipliftmcnt of the to old age. they were actually thrown on the streets. rl hey
had to ■starve or beg. Sri B. Basayalingappa. wa’s deeply
down-trodden masses.
:
pained by this sorry state of affairs and passed a new
Accordingly the Government of Karnataka'under, the Government order under which the service hcncfiis and
dynamic leadership of Sri D. Devaraja Urs, ably assisted conditions of Class IV employees of regular Government
by Sri B. Basavalingappa who held the portfolio of departments were extended to the sweepers and scavengers
Municipal Administration then formulated many welfare employed by all Local Bodies in the State. , Tins was a very
and ameliorative schemes for the benefit of the ‘down, far-reaching step in the direction of affording relief to 1
trodden and oppressed minorities of the State.
Sweepers and scavengers.
The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, mostly
Other Government orders followed suit conferring all the
employed in the Municipalities as sweepers and scavengers benefits that are enjoyed by regular Government Servants
were the most exploited class among the down-trodden to sweepers and scavengers also.
niasses. For centuries on end no one had taken any
It can be seen that a new era of hope and aspiration was
interest in their welfare and they were totally neglected.
Even, the Governments of those days were not very opened to the down-trodden sweepers and scavengers, who
particular about improving their social and financial, had sufTerred centuries of social disgrace and humiliation.
standards. It can be said that their living standards were
. Although the benign Government, promulgated these
the lowest in the country. At such a time when their various orders for the^benefit of sweepers and scavengers
future was the gloomiest, the popular Government of the Committee expresses its regret that these orders have
Sri D. Devaraja Urs made up their minds to bring in radical not been implemented in the spirit in which they were
changes to improve their living and working conditions.
framed. It is because of Ijtckof sympathy, of undersjaudIt needed an equally competent and dedicated minister ing and imagination on tbe^ part of thetnidTtiomi 1
to translate these ideals into practice and to implement them Bureaucracy. The variou?s oflicials of Local “Bodies at
in an effective manner. Sri B. Basavalingappa, the idealistic SHTercnt levelfTof official hierarchy have .not either cared
Minister for Municipal Administration rose to the occasion to implement these orders or have they taken suPicient pains
and excelled himself in his performance. A few of his. to understand the problems of sweepers and scavengers.
achievements in the matter of ameliorating the pathetic
It is the sad experience of everyone that well intended and
conditions of sweepers and scavengers arc cited below.
well documented reports and recommendations of various
There were no uniform pay scales for sweepers and committees appointed from time to time have not seen the
scavengers employed in Local Bodies, because the Municipal light of the day. because the official bureaucracy has a\
Councils ignored with contempt the natural claims, for better knack of pulling all such reports in cold storage. Tf even,
pay and service conditions of this poor section. The a fraction of these recommendations were implemented, the
W'
w
>1
w
W''
-
>^l
Ml
MI.
>4
S' ■
»;?ii
t
i-l
4. '
1
_____
f
i
00
.
............ „
91
fcpi®
■JiS
sfe
l aw ■
«fe
Hii
II
i
■
Illi
ill
ill fe
w
11
$Ip
Ite
lllir
■
h
-'ii'
Hi'c of the sweepers and scavengers would have improved^^’?
-by leaps and bounds.
^SW:-’:’
Another aspect of this question is the untouchabilityliW .
problem which is closely connected with the social status o£lr^,;'
sweepers and scavengers. The untouchability ofTences ini
various parts of the Slate have not been properly investigated/
and the culprits brought to book. The official bureaucracy/ V
consisting of upper crests of society are displaying decided/ " ga
apathy towards the improvement of this sector .of society^® r/
They have their own vested interests to maintain the status^
quo. and they do not want that' these people should have* . "
belter future.
-<
p
(
I9
■
^ngfl^jg^
B
H
(
(
■b’
I11
During the last 27 years of India’s freedom,, millions and? ••■
*
millions of rupees have been spent both by the-Centre and! '
the State Government for achieving all round progress dfi /
Scheduled CaStes. and other neglected minorities’. To’f
achieve the objectives of this policy a separate department^
kmwn.as .the Social Welfare Department has been set up) I
lo implement the various policies of Government and to"
extend better facilities to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled? ■
Uribes. It is a matter of regret that this department hast ..
not achieved any tangible progress in terms of the’reall J
progress of the sweepers and scavengers. . The'Committee'! I
has observed during its various study tours that the officials#
of these departments are not inothe habit of visiting the!
colomes of sweepers and scavengers to find out theifl . A Patient/ waiting lot. Should th.ey wait forever to lead a decent
difficulties and grievances.
?
life like others ?** <
iw®WR®HSw
’1
(
f
wfl^wi
J?
.
r-■ - -
«
-
-
•- —-A
(
(
(
(
K
(
•-‘ssrrrn■-• . ~
'■ ■
X
<
.. .
•
(
k
. . .<
92
(
c
On careful study based on statistical surveys the'
Committee has come to the conclusion that sweepers and.*
scavengers have remained without any progress all these''
years, although the Government has spent enormous sums’
ot money for their welfare, all these 27 years. It can be.
derived from these facts that no benefit of whatever kind
has reached this particular section of society in spite oT
spending collosal sums of money. Therefore, it is necessary!’
lo set up a suitable machinery free from the clutches ofofficial redtapism to supervise the implementation of the*'
•.
(
F
-“^sas;:®
• .
r
-•
»—- -
V; " '
.. •. •.-.;
r. ’Trr..
asss^ssaass
^various welfare measures. Tn order io achieve this objective
______ is no other_____
,............................
.
’\ a. I'ully
.lollolll<)ll•;
S ^z’thcrc
way
except to, set
up
am
.4
’ ” :;and financially
.......... 1,“ 1
“’ .. ...... ... .............Board
*
• • to be called “ P()UI<AS^
independent
i^KARMIKS WELFARE BOARD”.
'y
w
•
• 1-I
- zm.i
MJv’
;|.l
’!:|
!r
Sr
J
>
X ■
i
Without such a step being taken it is almost certain that
nothing good will ever accrue to this most oppressed class
of society and all the efforts so far made will go in vain.
■■i
Duties of the proposed Board
i
1. To supervise the implementation of all the recommen’i : • j dations now made by the Committee.
•A
2. To supervise the implementation of all existing
?. ■
Government
orders aijd welfare schemes drawn up for the
. i
improvement of Pourakarmiks.
3. To inculcate civic consciousness among the public.
4. To rouse a sense of dignity and dependability among
i Pourakarmiks, and also to infuse self-confidence and
1 self-dependence.
5. To draw up cohesive educational plans for the
children of Pourakarmiks, At the same time concerted
efforts will be made in co-ordination with the1 Education
and Social Welfare Departments for- enforcinc the provi
sions of the ‘ Compulsory Education Act
6. To draw up suitable phased programmes for the
education of the Pourakarmiks themselves in consultation
j
with the State Adult Literacy Council. It will be lhe duty
1
1
9Cp
k; :0
'■•i
Cs t
:T
w.
4|/
i •• i
•A
■ ‘i
Mi
:j
L. ’ I
J
.11
' ,7
4;
^1;
d
The Committee is aware of the fact that though the Stale
: ’GovernmeiV is going to pass appropriate orders on the
!-i, .various recommendations it has its own fears that these
• , Government, welfare orders will remain only on paper, and
go the way of'similar orders in the past.
Therefore, the
Committee emphatically urges upon Government to appoint
a Statutory Board with suitable powers and jurisdiction to
exercise and implement the recommendations of this
Committee aimed at the all round progress and welfare of
sweepers and scavengers.
•
/■.'. -u-.»sai£adtMK-. ■... •• - :.- . .-u,..... ... ■ i,v>■
rj"! ■
Jfe
93
IH
t;
S
■
■:us
. I.-4 ;!
■■ I
u;
, u
;i
. h
0
M
6 ’, 8
7 ’/■•■<
;
.
Spi
hi Mi:
•1
ft
««
$■
!8’
i
; < i
pH'
r
I.
of the Board to look after the successful implementation of I
this scheme.
•
1
7. To draw up and conduct comprehensive schemes for i
the cultural and social, uplift meat of Pourakarmiks. These 3$
programmes will consist of enacting dramas, delivering
lectures and arranging film shows, and displaying posters, •I| •
which are calculated to provide not only entertainment, but
also instruction.
8.'Hie Board will impart suitable technical training to /
Pourakarmiks and their women folk lo gain expertise in v
working out handicrafts in order lo augment their income.
Steps will also be taken to establish co-operatives for the
benefit of Pourakarmiks and their families.
9. To wean them away from their present habit of
drinking the Board will arrange temperance lectures by
experts in the line.
10. The Board will regulate the policy of providing
suitable employment.to the children of Pourakarmiks, both
educated and uneducated. The Board will supervise
efficient working of this programme.
11. The Board will supervise the working of the
Untouchability Act which is not receiving as much attention
as it should.
12. The Board will supervise the maintenance of
Pourakarmiks’ Colonies on up-to-date lines, and all efi'orts
will.be made to convert (hem to model colonies for others
to copy. It will also look after the maintenSnce of .old-age
I homes for Pourakarmiks on the linc^ of rChesire Homes’.
I
CHAPTER XXV
Conclusion
The Committee is aware of the many shortcomings that
the Report may contain. In the circumstances under which
the Committee had to labour were such that nobody could
escape the charge of incompleteness.
However, the
94
■Lb
bommillec lias striven hard to do
its Best
------— 'to
_ prepare a
....
Report that would be comprehensive with regard to the
living and working conditions of sweepers and Scavengers in
The Committee duriiig its tours within the State had made
it a point to mcct the Pourakarmiks themselves .face to face
without any official interference or compulsion.
It was
always a free and frank discussion and the Committee was
not only able to gather first-hand information, but at the
same lime it was also able lo ififuse new hope and expectations in the minds of Pottrakarmiks. The Committee was
also able lo enlighten the Pourakarmiks about thej<riglils
and privileges which they were not aware of so far.
The Committee has also discussed the various questions
relating to the welfare of Pourakarmiks with the concerned
officials of the various Local Bodies. The Committee has
also pointed out the various lapses on the part of these
Local Bodies, and have suggested that they should be recti
fied as early as possible.
In view of the new climate of hope and optimism created
by the Committee the Pourakarmiks ar.e anxiously awaiting
the implementation of ,‘he recommendations of the
Committee on one hand and the rcdressal of their grievance
on the other. The Comm Vice has come to the conclusion
that their grievances are genuine and need immediate re.- .
drcssal.
.
V
The Committee is gratefu] to the representatives of Pourakarnuks. as well as the officials of the various Municipal
Councils for their co-operation lo the Committee in its
orduous labours.
The Committee wants to express its deep sense of grati
tude to the Government of Karnataka headed by Sri
U Deveraja Urs, and also to Sri D. K, Naicker, Municipal
Administration and Law Minister, for their unfailing
courtesy and consideration to the Committee.
---
-.. -95
J FT
)
■<
■
■'
■ -WF)U
■■
.'
)
:
■
)
p
i’S'l <*'■•' •'
>
.
ll ■ ■
•
Part-II
I
t
■ i|T ■'
J .
[it
p
hi
|r ■
Jr^
I©
11- ■'
>Q
■r-;'
)4
I*’
r
IT
I
Q
►
O
4 ?•
•X
■-
K
-i
Ilk ’
>
-
■•■
1
k
<
■?
■■''
a;
.
'•I .
r-
161
ffit
I
i ■
r >
> -'■).
i ■.
X -/
i-'
h
SiFH-
V?
ShShb®?...
rv..
t
'
-----
..................
-
■
-
— 5 ---------
■ - • ---- -----------
-
■'
■
s
f
■? j®
; iir
!
l
if
t'
I
If
■•■
; The- Committee will be failing in its duty if it does iioti O'
be™ „ku, W1° were hlthert0 neglected and ill-treated have.|
L 1JJr lives.H neW •Chapler °f J1°PC and ^PPiness J
i
i
Bgfc aS «
11®®
wi
isl
4
I
4
f
M
o
o
i‘l:in'
PR-
H
I
I■
I-
r
I
■i .
i
'I-
'
■•
—
.............................................................................................................-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Today, these innocent children of Pourakarmlks are
smiling, because
Know nQ.c what future holds
- foi
• Jr them;... ^IrouldlhFy tocTca^e up
(
(
(
(
I
(
3
suij/
(
<
(
I1'
<
<
;:u
$..
t
II
(
-3
I .3
ili
kt
c
•
t
• ?■
WD—P, 897-
o
| "3
;3
;iH;?fOm'nittee carne,^!y appeals to Government to take <
Comm
S C'n ° imPJcment the recommendations of the I
Committee without any delay, because the Committee is
anxious that this Report also should not go the ways of
other Reports
It is earnestly hoped tlmt the nrSen 1
Government which is always helpful to the weaker sections
of society wi 1 immediately set
up aa suitable
suitable machinery
machinery aas <
set up
SnXsiom
'0 W°rk °llt theSe
P
ro
P°
sa!s
t0
these proposals to a successful 1
r
I “
■'{ •
acknowledge its deep, depth of gratitude to
to Sri
Sri B.
B. BasavaBasava- f
ringappa, who as Minister for Municipal
Administration
11 Administration 1I
was responsible, for setting up this Committee, and also I
gmdmg its activities from lime to time.
His youth dyna- t
^ISmPa?dfiab-0Ve p11 hls,larSe hearted sympathy and kindness t
to the suftenng Pourakarmiks are too well known to need |
akaJmiP.
repetition
here.^atItthousands
was entirely
to his ofdynamic
1
afProach
and due
thousands
Poura- I
J
1
;F
di
9' \
ShII,./
(
I s 4
I
xJll,,’
(
i
1
3
x"!|is
'Mrtwr
I
H
(
1L
)
If
:.ia'Z5V»rjl'sate»«ataascs-^isi-x
’V&-
■'. , ■ •^.i -Vr' -’
^O‘ .’^■•i#0
pfe-
■■'■■:.:
rM‘^J| KS
■ '
f y' :■ F ;| a
^•.<1 F
.■'il Wi
■
S ^V< "
'"Lv
(W O]
1
■
g; I i •
^■:J.
<3.
ii H3
i1 : ■
c>^
”.Vx
&"
c •
c;,
;
p. x
C
;4
|
q ’rhe Chairman and members of the S\*b5^'h|n‘^^nd
1 evolving suitable implements to remove the n. ght sqi mid
I eliminate the method of carrying it as hcadloads c ded
1 Anekal Town Municipality >n Bangalore District to tidy
I the existing methods of removing the mght soil. At AncK.
i ffie Chairman and members learnt that the, mght o 1of
41 fhA inwn was not cleared by the workers of the Municipality
fl but by the farmers of neighbouring villages who would
1
I
TOUR OBSERVATIONS
I louring the course of their tours, the Chairman and
1 .^^nbers’of the Committee visited even the remotest Loc.
I Indies in the Slate to study the existing conditions of
'g.Bodies
in
1 jourakarmiks
in the State. Many g^r.ng d'spariUcs m
I Sr living and working conditions and ■ dm nt social
1
feusticies done to them by the society on one hand and
-i
| S the officialdom on the other, have come to thei not
• I $the Committee. Wherever it was possible the Chairman
I nd other members have taken condine measures on the
I mot ?o set right some of these injuslices. . In the following
I pages they have recorded their observations and. nnpres41 Ac Tt is not nossibla to incorporate in tins report
•■ ill sidled to be very important have been included
;|| following pages.
■s
#7*.
fe; < ■
'.■Is
-
C
■
tSnXe in Ibrco n»nta i» Mr
• •
“de” n.™
$1 collected human excreta from the lavatories to i
■
‘ *
S
.gSuferal manure. Hance Ae ris.L -» «bbsod to
|| meet the Pourakarmiks and study their grievances, if anj •
'^1',i';rrhe Pourakarmiks of Anekal belonging to
4
in hu^huill by themselves
4r<m the land belonging to the Municipality. I hough these
ir
J
4^
■W
lib- '
ti’'-
97 ■
Wg L’WCSS-13.
■
3^'.
SS^^SSSSHKK
A
■
J
o
; !
■
ij
i
!
I!
! ’ i'
h
,-i-.
ii
'r
; T-
■ii'il
people have been allowed to reside on that land since! I®?-T
■
• • .
...................
number of years, they are at the mercy of*the
Municipal ^informed by the Municipal authorities, that -'this inhumu.
aiithorites who may nt any time evict them form that place; Mnd abhoring practice was still being continued’due to ‘a
BCourt-;order sought by a few citizens of ■•Bellary,who* wanted
The Chairman and members
also learnt
that many'i of
____ i* _
____ ____ _
Government orders extending
various
service and
otli§^^s kind -of .uncivilised service ^ to continue;^
benefits to Pourakarmiks
have not been implemented....
by ^twithm a year this injunction of the Courts was vacated.
■
.............................................
C.... -,T.
When this was brought to the Wan^
Municipality stopped the scavenging service by its
the Municipal Council.
notice of the President and Councillors of the Municipality ^'.employees.
. yn;
who were also present at the time, the Committee wa$
At-that time Bellery City Municipality had employed
informed that though the Council is willing to extend .‘aO .$815 scavengers, who were subsequently merged with
the benefits to their Pourakarmiks, it could
’ •§iis8 sweepers and assigned to other duties such as gutter
x . not
* do
l i so fA?
lack of financial resources. From that day to today ^cleaning, street sweeping etc.
.
io kind
L-mH /~
it A^-ncivA
Committee is getting the same
of
evasive voT\ixr
reply froxc
At the time of the visit of the Committee to Bellary, the
all most all Municipalities for non-implementation p|
many Government welfare orders. The Committee also then Commissioner of the City Municipality informed the
.^Committee that the Pourakarmiks of Bellary arc being
learnt that a few of the children of Pourakarmiks
educated up’o S.S.L.C., and were unable to find suitable •/. given the retiring and pensioncry benefits as per provisions
cm ploy inent though they have registered with the Employ under Karnataka'Municipal Services Huies, 1972. Later
in 1975 when 24 Pourakarmiks were retired without
ment Exchange, Bangalore quite some years back.
i on
any notice, it came to light that they are not entitled to
-any ................
kind of retirement
benefit. uiIf a Pourakarmik of
Bellary
4*. <*. xvuion.wuiui
i At the . time when the Chairman and members visited Be?Yy iS reti,red today £e Kets neitbJer pension or gratuity,
penniless to spend rest of his life at the
Bellary the method of carrying night soil as headloads was .and he goes__home
_
, in practice-hi. that City, and the Committee was able ,'to
some re’atlve or the other.
I actually .witness the most uncivilised act that is imposed J The majority of Bel]ary Pourakarmiks belong to Telugu
on a section of our society. The'Committee noticed al adv AfacHga commiinity, and there are a considerable numbor
scavenger carrying a leaky basket full of human excreta op Of Muslims also: These forty Muslim Pourakarmiks wcre\
her head and moving from one residence to another.
■ formerly doing scavenging work, and though their profes
every street opening of the lavatory she was putting down sion was known to the rest of the citizens of Bellary, there /
her load and put her hand inside the inner chamber of the was not any kind of taboo on them, but the scavengers
lavatory, and sera]) out the human excreta into her basket belonging to the Scheduled Castes community were treated
using a small tin sheet. While she was thus scarping out as ‘ untouchables' by the society.
the human excreta the liquid form of it was splashing all
;
over her hand and body. After cleaning the lavatory thusj Bhadravathi
she lifted the loaded basket on to her head and moved on
This buzzing industrial town in Shivamoggia District is
to another to continue the process. While moving from one ^plit into four parts—Old Town, New Town, Paper Town
place to another the liquid form of the night soil was .Aiand Notified Area.
leaking out of the basket and trickling down her head and
nape completely wetting her brick. The Committee 0 . JL.-The Old Town’s civic problems are looked af ter by the
V/AA UV* A AAA %•» AA W* • *
Jk. A A
....
.
sassM!
.....™
w pa
v
A
A
VA
.....
.
•
f •
«
" ~~
-
—---- ------------------------- i w • — —
w w vl
• f.
c
.
"§1®
J
n
o
■ ’■O
]
o
,6' j
j'S an
.I®- j
I
1
. I W
I
Miirtr
rtiffrx
I
’-W
a
u
j
| ^7
n
a
I
j
I
■
1
| -Tt
• I
Mi"*
t
I
‘i?
L
n
a
u
)
■
Q
■
r**“"
i I.,,.. -
•99
•
•
■ K
• •J
O
j
>o BS
X-1’
w
' I
’’‘j
k <r
&
^xr
):'
)1
>
>A
>p ■
>f-
i
!■
>G
>C
>
1J
■
1^-
I
jZr-
!•
•?V
■»’■
■
4
XT
J ,,
„,
,
......
ji^Evcn today a few Scheduled Castes pcopl c arc rernoviag
New Town and Paper .Lown are the responsibility of Mysore': '■’’"'night
night soil in Old Town area,
area as in Ilhe
he past.
Iron and Steel Works Ltd., and Mysore Paper- Mills Ltd> ■
respectively, who have their own separate sanitary staff; ’ ■r.Belakavadi
The areas surrounding these two townships are maintain^ i^ABelakayadi is a small town in Malavalli Taluk of Mandya
by the Notified Area Municipality which directly comes’ ; District bavin" .5 male and ” female’ Pour-il"arnii'". lomakaum^
...... ....................... j Io
under the control of the Deputy Commissioner.of Shivag '-Stain tlm
~
_
^town
’
s
sanitation.
As
in
other
many parts
to£>
•
•
.nJ
A •of Mandya. District, here too the Pourakarmiks arc Irra'.ed
, The employees of the Old Town and Notified Area .Mud? as 'untouchables’ by the general public. An ex-i’oimrillar
cipalities are governed by Karnataka Municipal Servicec of Belakavadi Municipality belonging to this section Vi >!) IConditions Rules. The sanitary staff of the factories are plained that even he is not allowed cnlry into hotel- anrl
governed by the ‘ Factory Act ’. ' The following tables gives’ barber shops.
the picture of the wages of the employees of the four
o
Bidw
different organisations in Bhadravatlii.
o
The anomaly in our State’s administration setup came to
✓ 5^.
Salary Scales
■
the
of the Committee at Bidar City Munic-ipalilv.
1. Old Town—R.s. (>5-2-954- Government allowances of Herenotice
the
Committee
learnt that the Pourakarmiks of Bidar
nearly Rs. 180.
:,c ,
are entitled and getting both the pension and gratuitv.
2. Notified Area—Rs. 65-2-95-|-Govcrnment allowances- These Pourakarmiks of Bidar come under I lie er>! while
of nearly Rs. ISO.
/A Hyderabad Civil Service. Rules.
‘ 3**n
00-3J-l 18-4-1264-allowances total-;
When the State was reorganised in ]fi.iti Dart< of
I
lown——ILs. 300-6-848-(••allowances totalling : Hyderabad State comprising Bidar. Raic.hin- anil ■Gulhiirea
/ Rs. 270.00.
&,- Districts came into the fold of the. >hen Mysore Stale.
/ rnWhcreas
sanitary staff of the Paper Town and New- Bellary District from the erstwhile Madras Province bad
- already joined the Mysore Slate. For administrative
Town are getting many other benefits $ucli as medical .purposes the State was divided into four divisions, nmnelv
leiniburscxncnt, quarters, attendance bonus, service bonus/ Bangalore, Mysore, Belgamn and Gulbarga. Divisions, and
and profit bonus, the Pourakarmiks Of the Old Town and7 the district of Bidar, Raichur, Gulbarga. and Bellary
Aotificd Area Municipalities present a sorry stale of affairs: formed Gulbarga Division. Though ■the Bellary District
that is prevailing here. 'J'hc most glaring indiscrimination; was in .Karnataka State lor many years, the I’ourakariniks
can be seen in the Old Town and Notified Area Municipal employed in lhe Local Bodies of that district are still
Iities. In these two Municipalities a few Caste Hindus governed by erstwhile Madras Civil Service Hides and
have been employed on sweepers cadre, but they are not' because of that they are not entitled for retirement benefits,
even sweeping the floors of offices of the Municipalities,i phereas the, Pourakarmiks employed in the Local Bodies
but assigned to work as mnlis, attenders, etc. Pourakarmiks. in the District of Bidar, Raichur and Gulbarga get full )
\ belonging to the Scheduled Castes are made to do sweeping benefits of retirement. The service condilion^ ‘of the
\ and scavenging work. These Scheduled Castes Pourakar- ’ lourakariniks in the same division vary from region to
\ miks, much against their will are also made to carry and' region. Tt is high time the State Government adopted a
1 burry the dead bodies of destitutes.
‘
f
100—
■
J;
101
tworwim
E. - ioo
tii
| J-:
■‘ VH
■J!J’)
?-i'
I
i.
common code of .service conditions for all the Local Ihxlie^M®. •
in the Slate.
".'• ’of carrying
... night, soil if they were provided alternate and
............
----------- 1 as at. present. (The total
mi vi
z..4 Ar ......
,
S; reniunarative
employment
lhe Lidar City Mumcjpalily lor a pojmlation of o(),67oHmonthly
i’Jnonthly emoluments of :ia Class x>
IV employee of Governpeople has employed 108 Pouraknrmiks, of whom 43 arf ‘zLnt in the State is onlv Rs. 249.40).
women. 1 hough the ^Municipality claims that its employee^ The members of the Committee noticed that the
are not doing scavenging work after the Government order
banning the removal of night soil in any form, carrying of; .residences of these Balmiki scavengers were well maintained
night soil as headloads is still being done in Bidar by the^ and clean as good as that of any Caste Hindu's, and did not
private scavengers employed by the citizens thems’clvcs/ hesitate to sit and ent breakfast, with them in one of such
Apart from this, .scavenging w.ork in one form or the other bouses.
by the Municipal employees is still in vogue in Bidar.
f ' The Committee also observed that'the Balmiki scavengers
In Lidar Pourakarmiks assigned to sweeping work do not were keen on educating their children and nearly a dozen of
remove night soil deposited on the pavement and streets, their children have passed the S.S.L.C. examination.
bid sweep around such night soil. 'Che farmer scavengers
But the Pourakarmiks employeed by the Bidar City
who are now. on sweepers cadre are assigned to clear such.
Municipality-present a contrast. They live in a separate
night soil from the pavements mid streets.
colony called ‘ A. K.,Colony ‘ away from other communities
1 .hough the Bidar City Municipality has withdrawn the of the city. They have pui up iheir huts and mud houses
scavenging service officially, there are 1.50 private scavenger^ on the land belonging to the Municipality. The Munici
m the city, who are even today are clearing the human, pality has not provided any basic civic nmnelies in this
excreta from the residential lavatories and carry (he same colony of its own employees. There is only one waho: lap
c as headloads.
These private scavengers belong to Hindi in the colony and i' is submerged in a pool of dirty water.
speaking Balmiki community of North India and have The residents use stagnant and polluted water even today.
|| migrated to Bidar from Haryana and U.l\ long back.
No wonder the majority of the residents of this colony
When the members of the Committee visited nic complined of suffering-from various kind of diseases.
residential locality of the priva’.c scavengers, the members Belgamn
') were surprised to find thein residing in the midst, of other
The Belgaum City now as before a bone of conlenlion^
I castes, and in a clean enviornment.
They live in well
built, spacious houses.and possess modern comforts such as between Maharaslnans and Kannadigas. is a historical city
cots, radios and cycles. The Committee observed that off- with a salubrious climate. It has two parts namely, I he
Sanitation I’roblems in
duty those private scavengers were difficult to be recognised City and the Contoiiment.
Cantonment
is
looked
after
by
the military atilhoritiex.
as such because 'hoy, as well as their familv folk were
There
is
a
population
of
nearly
2 lakhs, and (he City •
dressed in clean garments and cheerful looking/ The Com-:
Municipality
earns
a
total
revenue
of Rs. 95 lakhs per
mitlec learnt that each of these private scavengers’ monthly
income was between Rs. '100-600, depending on number of annum. There arc 239 sweepers and 272 scav'engi'rs working
in this city.
There arc as many-as 108 women workers
houses he is servicing.
°
belonging to both the categories.
1 hese private scavengers of Bidar assured ‘he members
The City Municipality has built only S|. quarters for the
ot the Committer that they would give up the profession'
' Use~of ’ |»(ni r<• ika riniks. :in<I I he rest 'live in I hrce separate
•
t pQ
.
-
.
- ....
(
D
‘WW’’- ' ■
(
(
,*-.«(.x
vmJ.J
<
‘‘Mil'*'
(
(
A
I
c
(
■*ili»x
^iht-
4^
,
■■Mill*
*" -»<<'••
(
t
■MH*'
(
'-i|l,
V
(
.
. -p’^;
■
i.
«Jn.y ■
'■ -*t
Miw
^ifwk'
[
^iiiii/
c
r
<
z
(
k
^ilo'
,,
'..D
H
* <I
i
i
and uncivilised methods of removing nigh I mu 1 by
their bare hands. The Municipal authorities have
The workers here narrated a number of their ^evchc& Wusing
a
to the Committee. The workers are not given leave;® Wmade no arrangements either for medical aid <>r <>i
-iSSodical
medical checkups. The Committee strongly fee s
their credit, and made to work even on holidays without.
•
Government
should take immediate steps to appoint
overtime payment or compensatory leave. The wc—^
ieavK
’
a
Committee
of
Medical
experts to go into question ol
workers are. given only one month of maternity leave.
.
.
_
,
A
.'Y'.;
eX
amining
the
wide
prevelanco
of diseases like J.epro\\ .
Although the Municipality is running its own hospitals, tfe •
Pourakarmiks are not gel ting any preferential Ircatment ii Hookworm, Tuberculosis etc., among I ourakaimi a i
' ® ■ ■ suggest measures to erradicalle the same on a war looting.
those hospitals.
.......
;-v
IV
f
• ;<
I .
ffl
Munidpaht, h»8 »0l gnmlod .ny
colonies.
to its employees.
I:
I'
o
Bijapur
’
Chikkairuigalur
.
.
Headquarters
of
the
district
of the same name, it has a '
Bijapur, once, the seat of the Adil Shahi Sultan’s is today
population of 43,000. The Town Mumcipahly has an \
prevailing a desolate appearance. During their rcJgn therj
1 was a great spurt of a rd litectural activities and even today: annual revenue of Rs. 16 lakhs, and has employed !('.: J
the Col Gumbaz, .and Ibrahim Roza stand as great nionj. Pourakarmiks to maintain the sanitation of the town.
ments of imt only’architec’ural skill but also as a feat of
This was the first Municipality in the State to convert
mediaeval engineering dexterity. Such a great city today : ■ all service lavatories in the town to flush out lavatories and
has been reduced lo a sorry stale of appearance and ou-look.
stop the scavenging service altogether in time as per Govern
' i’T
ment orders in this regard. But unfortuna'ely Lho.^e \ on
Bijapur City is the headquarters of the district of the same
people who co-operated with the Municipality io conwrl z
name, and is the biggest district in the Stale. The Bijapiy
their lavatories have now practiced tbe habit of (iivcrling
City M'unicipolity has employed 116 Pouraka.rmiles in all,
the human excreta from their lavatories to open street
of whom 81. are men and' the rest are women. Unfortunately
gutters \vith the result that the Pourakarmiks ha\e again
their conditions are most miserable and heartrending. The
forced to do scavenging work in another- form.
Comm?tee observed the ISFuhicipnl authorities have not
taken any steps to improve their conditions. Many of the
Government orders that have been passed from tunc ’o time
There are 58 Pourakarmiks employed by ‘.he < hannnfor their welfare have not been implemented al all. The
putna.
Town Municipality, of whom 26 arc men and 32
Municipalily has built only 56 qtinr ers and (hey are also
women
workers, Two non-Schodnh’d Caslcs peoph' are
not. of a satisfactory type.
’
•<
borne on sweepers cadre, bul they are assigned lo duties
other than sweeping. Though Channapatna. is very near
The Committee was astounded lo observe I ha I many ol
to the Capital of the State,, in this iown too. the
! the Pourakarmiks are suffering from one of the deadliest
Pourakarmiks
complained to the Committee that, they are
scourges of the modern age namely Leprosy.. The
not
allowed
to
enter hotels and barber shops.. In Ibis town
r Pourakarmiks are coming into contact with the general
not
only
the
Caste
Hindus practice discrimination, I lie other
public, in the course of their duties and lhere is e.very
sections of Scheduled Castes also who have taken up to
\ possibility of spreading this disease to others as ’.he Leprosy
other professions look down upon the section of people who
J is considered now contagions. .
■:
>'A
>'4. L
.»■
.
I
> /
I.
>
>e/;"
>
>2
»
J*"*k
iff
104 •
i
k
-V
.105
«
1I
1
i
I’ I'b i
H; MJ
w
R
|.
I
i
If
iird
’10
Itt
Yii'haa
D
I
i?i
i1
■•"
b''l
p-i'I
^■J
L :i'
I.
•
■;i?
:><■
ni
L'
:
■
■
■
;
'.
X
(
Th? S"?
PinS ^.
^vcngin^^fc%et their
lams though the Municipality earn an annual
■Th
th 1 J?
the profession of swee
sweeping
and sscavcngih^.|fflfrg
— hh
<>..«««,
, . 10 Children of I ourakarnliks are not admitted in the'Wrevenue of Rs. 2 lakhs,
- n„c> 4ih,.
1 n
‘ 1
n vcry dejilorable practice
school meant for Scheduled Caste
TkMaESt^
i>--- 1 ,
Caste children. mi
The^bbecause
the Pourakarmiks
belong. Io lowesl rungs of the
\ Pourakarmiks also represented that their salaries are.■paid
F«.ull^
^cw
......fture
v
O”Oinic Jstrll
in /lie country. Purl her, ’licrc lhe
veQ niegularly and they are not granted sick leave even'll ^.workers get only
1 ' or,o half day as a weekly holiday.
lor a day or two unless a medical certificate is issued by
'
Government Hospital Doctor.
'
‘ ...?j ^.Chitrad/urga ’ .
Chitradurga situated at a distance of 1G5 kms. from
Cha niarajaw a (jura
. ,t
. 'y
f x ’< Ciiiu-iidurgn
•■jf. Bangalore
is also
the
.
. the headquarters
---- --e same of
district.
1 aluk hoadqu;i.i’ler.s of the same name in Mysore DisIricL I
With a population ol more (han .W,()()() this Mnnicipalilv
lias a population of 31,000 people.’ The'Town Mduidpaiky I
earnsjin jneoine of. nearly Its. 20 lakhs per annum. There
earns an animali revenue of nearly Rs. 6 lakhs’and hasl are 130 Pourakarmiks working i
...
in this Municipality.among
(•il L'n rr>11’-o
Z*_2five are"•I still
*]!
'
—s.1-*
*'
eipiiloyed 63 Pourakarmiks..
among whom
r
•• • x< nr< Sllil C
on| wh0"1 V? nrc "-omen. As many ns IIS Pourakarmiks brlmm
Aommal Koll. 1I here
hen? are six scavengers.
’
to Madiga community and the rest to other castes like
All
these
Pourakanuiks
arc
of
Madurc
Madiirr
Najaks, Kunibars, Muslims etc. The Pourakamiks who do
....
......
v
.>.
Vm-WMUJUIUS
uro
Ol
xuaaurc
Aiachgiv
com-i
pillTIlIxr .1
zl
___ i
1 f
. i
............
not belong to the Madiga community have been assigned to
n
have
im
grated
the^k^batoi
’e J^IS
Di^"rict
of<
r.-’un’• l.v
r X ant
•
r~ ~
~~ -g;*
*•*"** ,*'t .from,
» VZX. ■ v..y.
vyjUtlAUUjC
LI'ICL Ol
*
J1’'",’ T-’"1'!'
p,^7?
. ,'ll<
,on
MM
«v r<''dicre
’”y vTTcre
th^?’Ht^ourakariniks
tmc' Pourakarmiks
live $live 1 work other t.lum their legilimute (Julies, of sweeping.
hmk basic civic facilities
i.,’.cililies including drinking
dnnking water facility
facility. f?
These Pourakarmiks live in four different places and they
.1 hough there is a water tap provided in the main road, the t live m the midst of other Harijans. I'hese colonies lack
Muslims residing
i ■
residing near
near the
the tap
tap nrc
are not
not allowing
allowing ’ the
the?.
in basic amenities. The Pourakarmiks belonging to Madbm
I ourakarnuks
to
use
the
water
tap
and
the
Pourakarmiks
. ....
use the water tap and the Pourakarmiks t
I community are experiencing a special dillicultv here because t
on,,an dirl
dirty
rhaxe to
. depend
T,.,J on
.v and polluted
Polluted water well nearby | they are not allowed to bury their dead in (he’hurial grounds \
tor
•». Tnter
n r’L J.1 hese
,
1Pourakarmiks
ourak^Hniks arc
are not
not only
only allowed
allowed entry
entry 1
1 ; used by .other castes. In the event of death' these '
into the hotels owned by Caste Hindus, they are also not
not'T Pourakarmiks have to carry the.dead to a distance of more
allowed mlo, the holds owned by Muslims.
AVhen
" .
When this ?' than three miles from town limits and burry the dead bodies
glaring discriininatioi
• -Jn
observed by the Chairman and
along the roadside.
\
commented upon,
he was
i
„xl(„lkl |I?
A
.
"’as informed
by the Municipal
air-horitics
’
that they would takei necessary
i
.t. action’‘to :? ■
amend ill?? samc,Jjut nothing has been done hitherto-in ]
Davnnngere is an industrial as well as conimereinl city in
the matter 7
and
’;:. the. same
same conditions
conditions prevail
prevail in
in Chamarai
Chamaraja- >; Clntradurgn District. The City Municipality has employed
nagara.
J
doG oiirakarmiks lor a population of nearly o lakhs. Of'the
total number of Potirakarmiks l-2« are feiiiale and the rest
arc
male workers. The Pourakarmiks belomr to Madi-ni
One of the taluks of Tumkur District, Chikkanavakim..anacommunity
speak both Kannada and Telugu'languagcs."
»
t
ri
y t1 ■i’'1
°r 100 k-n1' fro,n Bangalore.
1JI he
town
Municipality
has
’
-------‘
The Colony \v]lerC <he Pourakarmiks lire residing with
’ ••
. -pipuln
'on o " 13,06:) pope. It is sn(1 iinc] regl.etlllbk> i other Scheduled'Castes is called A.K. Colony and is reputed
hat. (lie 1 ournkarnuk.s are not getting their salaries regu- ? to have been visited by Mahalhma Gandhi when he visited
'•">d limy have to wait till, the third w^ck of each month 3‘
._
b U.t. Jiicks.. n IL J)n£KL..(:ivh*- u 11 um i |
..... ....
o
................. ■ 'y
-----....... ....
_.........
I ..
4
©’
(
M^-
(
3
(
(
® ■
(
(
..........
(
(
■(
■ ’ xJi©
J<-:
(
(
(
(
.
(
(
<
'-•Up J
/’'ft
(
s-.ih.-''
ft
Sullii'
(
of
(
■ 'sMllk'
4
106 0
- - j.,
------------ - -------- - ----------------- -- ---------------------- - ----------------------i^^isr^fiSEatSz^TKa
s
(
rill
I k if »T(TA %''iA ' Ik •’# ••* II*
aM
r *
jy'
::
J
>A
>
<'
1
'
$•
I
...
IJ
IL
S
:■
■
r’
a
G.
UJ
?•
i
!
1 * MM ' I I
■.
!
•i
•) A '■»■'&' V A » • ••k
1 • -«'
A 1 . A iMi a. ■•
I••
*
..a*..-
■' « ’<•
Ueodurg
Deodurg Munieipalily in Ilaiehur District have employed;
19 Pourakormiks, of whom 12 are women. The Poura.J
karmiks of Deodurg reside on the slope of a hillock outside-’
the town as they have not allowedAo live anywhere inside*
the town limits'. These, people suffiv a lot during the rain/
season because of marshy area around the hillock. They
arc forced to drink impure water- of a tank as there
is no water-well nearby. The Pourakanniks complained, of
irregularity in disbursement of their wages. The Pourakarmiks also complained (hat their children are
p re not
welcomed in the schools.
Doddabalhipura
A Commercial Town in Bangalore District is famous for
its silk, and fine granite slabs/ The Town ‘Municipality
employ .50 Pourakanniks. of whom 24 are women ami 32
are men belonging to Telugu speaking Vodda Community.
The colony of these Pourakanniks is situated in the middle
part of the town, and attempts were made to relocate
them away from the town. TTowevcr the plan was spoiled
and the Polirakarmiks have been granted ownership) rights
for the plots they have built their houses, in which they
have been Jiving for the past few decades.;
Gadag
The Gadag—Bctageri City Municipal Council has
employed 321 Pourakanniks, of whom 173 are women and
148 arc men. As many as 1 bl- nre on Nominal Holl in
I conlravence of the Government orders. Of these, 104 are
/
^radigas, 133 arc Kannada. Chalawadis, 76 are
/ Kannada Madar and 8 are from Kannada. Sikkaligar
community.
The Telugu Pourakanniks have migrated
I from l>ellary District. 3'hese Pourakanniks are grouped
m two Colonies called (1) Chalawadi Oni and (2)" Madar
.Om. 1 he Municipality has built 37 (juartors for the use
i ■
*
*T )
the houses built by the Pourakanniks themselves arc mosv?
hapnzardly........
cojistruc.tcd.
................................................................................ ■''»
1_
r~
of Pmu-nkariHiks.
Most of the Poi
Poo-akn.nniks
’’‘uk arm Iks of this
‘ Jifunicipnlity. consume beef.
Gundlupet
■ The population of Gundlupet Town is nearly 1.5,000 with
an annual income of Ils. 3 lakhs. Of 26 J’ourakarmiks
employed 18 are male and the rest 1'emnle workers. 'Die
Municipality lias constructed only 16 quarters for the use
of Pourakanniks.
'rimugh the’efforts of the .Miiniei|>al
authorities to grant sites measuring S0'X40' to .-111 the
26 Pourakarmiks are a laudable one, it is saddening to
learn that these sites are on the old compost yard.
The Committee was informed by the Pourakarmiks
themselves that 'hoy are made to work nearly 81, hours
every day. It was also brought to the notice of the Com
mittee that the entry to hotels and barber shops for Poura
karmiks in Gundlupet is prohibited. The Committee also
learnt that the dead cattle are given to. Pourakarmiks. who
after removing the skin consume the meal of the dead
cattle.
Gulbarija
Gulbargn has historical glamour. Four centuries back a
muslim dynasty was established at this place and the
Sultanate who ruled over this area were great, lovers of art.
and architecture. There was a large measure of communal
an?. *Y . n,K* g°od will. A great spurt of architectural
activities came into being during the regime of these muslim-I
kings. Gulbargn actually means “Path way of roses”.
Evci! loday it, has niainlained its importance as a cmn-j
rnercial centre and also a place lor educational aclix’ilies.
t is also the Headquarters of the Divisional Cominissicner
and other Divisional offices.
/
It is a matter for regret to note that this historical city
with, a population of
lakhs, has a- Pourakarmik strength
of only 290. On an examination of official records it./
became dear that no Pourakarmiks have been recruited k
afresh during the last one decade. The city has also like
108
109
SmmS
KM
SS2
g
I
L'i
•*«. ft. < t* "
ggggggg;
I
>'
I
I
.■- >ii
■' ■
H’;
K? j;
;?
f1?
y
<• •;
i i '■
j •:
['J
f.;
H
‘I'-;
■
•a
I'-? I
M
ii
D"
•■.
■•'
l f
i;
i
E.
i
i
i
f!
I
.ill iiioibTii. rilirs has gone on expanding by leaps and
ui4u ?w'- •<} -J161’6 flre
Pourakarmiks in all, among whom 46 are
bounds. New Indus’rics have been established. On
whole, the.City has assumed very big proportions without! .^z.lib’s is one of. the Municipalities in the State- where the
corresponding civic amenities. Even today the privawWi>A
sciu cjigjug is going in full swing although carrying of nightf ,^Pourakarmiks have been suffering for want of an
£.imaginative approach and proper management on the part
soil as head loads lias been abolished by. Government.
>'0£ ^he officials.
-_ The Pourakarmiks have to work for more
Another unlorlunate aspect which was noticed during . than 8 hours without any comjiensatory allowance. Their
I he visit of the. Committee is that all the Service latrine^ ' Service Registers are not properly maintained and also the
birth dales of Pourakarnnks have been entered in a most
hjive not. been converted inlo flush-out types as specifically/
dhvc'.rd l»y (he Government’.
The private scavenging is?hapazard manner with the result that the Pourakarmiks arc
still being carried on by the people belonging to the Balmikialways put to trouble at the time of their retirement. The
sect of Haryana who have migrated to this area Jong back£
Committee has noted with deep regret that this state of
rf^urs is prevailing in mos of the local bodies in the State.
.1 he Chairman and members of the Committee met all?
these private scavengers and discussed frankly theif
What is more distressing is that the Pourakarmiks of this
problems and difficulties. Tlic Committee was glad to note
that these Balmiki scavengers are willing to give up the.-. place have not been provided with suitable equipment and
j»ro I css ion provided they arc given alternate jobs to make a-j tools. The Committee was astonished to witness that the
Pournkanniks actually clean the gutters with their bare
livmg. The Committee accordingly made a strong recom-"
hands,
a habit which is not only dirlv but exlreniclv
mendation to Govenrinent to provide suitable jobs to these,
pepole who arc anxious to open a new chapter in their lives? hazardous.
It is regrettable I hat Government have not taken any action,
The. colony where they live is named and called as
for the last two years.
•••
Hanjanwnda,\ which is an appellation opposed to all
tenets of .secularism. Such names wehorver found should
1 ho Municipal authorities have no-t evinced any great
be
immediately changed. To make matters worse a Toddy'
nilerest to. provide suitable amenities t.o the Pourakarmiks.'shop
is also located in the midsl of these Pourakarmiks
1 hey live in three different and far flung areas which arc not
much
against the directive of the Government prohiBHiiig
i provided cither with water laps or street lights. Moreover ,
the
location
of liquor- shops near the areas where the
I no lavatories have been built in their localities with the
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes live.
I result that even women folk have to go to far off fields to,
attend to calls of nature. This is a very inhuman state of
The Pourakarmiks, when the Committee visited this
'■ a fl airs.
place, brought their grievances to the notice of the
Chairman and Members that they are actually strangulated
1 lie Committee was glad to notice that in one particular
by economic depression. The Committee' advised the
ocahty known as Jagat Colony, the children of PotiraPourakarmiks
that, they should stand oh their own feet by
karimks have been properly educated and nearly hundred
forming Co-operative Societies on an independent, basis.
of I hem have taken tmivcrsitv Degrees in various subjects.’
After some time a Co-operative Society was formed by the
(idiiridi'atlbi
concerned efforts of Pourakarmiks. Unfortunately the r
Gn"^'Vi'’1 •*J" Jtajchur Districl is au expanding lowusliipl. local branches of Nationalised Banks at this place did not
o
1 ©•
©
'wiiMr
o ■.
r
c
r
r
C
■a
■©
0
c
k
r
c
Mii»x
'
-- -
:1
^lll^
c
J
«k<l>RZ
>>((,&■
e.-.
4
J5:'
3’
- ffdoprff--lrerpfur attitude“alHfougirt]ie' lo^^
of in-.-irl.v tO.OOO wilh great agro-based industrial potchlial.
o
LU-
o
4
■" ip
■
<3
J
l,W’
4 ^'' were doing the work of cleaning the latrines of the public
' Council came forward to stand guarantee for
i cs -"[ 's)yly for extra income, -'rhe Chairman also h'ariil. Ihal al.
us far as Salary Dcducations were concerned.
police Quarters Lincs ibe clearing of night soil was slill
'
Gubbi
. J being continued by the-scavengers (‘inployed on ronlinuency
basis for that purpose by the Police 1 )cparlinvul.
The Poufakarmiks of Gubbi Town Municipality in Turnkur District brought to the notice of the Committee, that i llofialcote o
•In Hosakote Towiv most of the -latrines arc of pit type
they are treated as ‘ Untouchables f in the town. They have
represented to the Chairman of the Committee that they •. and accmnulatcd nighl soil is being cleared by farmer.- for
are not allowed entry into temples, apd hotels of the town. < use in their lands as manure. Theiefore (lie implemrnlalinn
of Government Order banning the removal of nighl. soil by
Gudibandc
Municipal employees was easy. 'The Municipality has
The Town Municipality of Gudibandc in Kola.r District , employed 17 Pourakarmiks, belonging to Bovi community.
hadjmly 2 Pquralcarmiks at the time of the visit of the
Of them 10 are men and 7 are women.
Chairman of the Committee to Guidbande. It was brought
In this town the Pourakarmiks a.re supplied with long
to the notice of the Chairman that, the strength of the i handled brooms which enable them Io sweep the sired.
sanctioned staff;was 5, and three were employed on tempo ! standing and thus avoid raising dust. Whenever a worker
rary basis for some time.
When the Government Order
falls sick and request leave, before such leave is granted
No. IIMA 47 MLR 72, dated 29th April 1973 was issued
the worker himself has to arrange a substitute to work in
regularising the services of <all temporary employees of Local
his place during his leave period.
Bodie,s this Municipality instead of regularising the services
Hunsur
of the temporarily appointed Pourakarmiks, dispenced with
The curse of untouchability is still on the Pourakarmiks,
their services.
especially on those in the districts of Mysore and Mandya.
The Pourakarmiks in Gudibnnde are allowed only one
As in other parts of these two districts, Hunsur .Pourakar
half day weeldy holiday.
miks arc also not entertained in the hotels and barber shops.
To get a cup pf tea or coffee, the Pourakarmiks themselves
Hassan
have to carry their own cups or use the cup.kept outside of
There are 85 Pourakarmiks employed by Hassan Town
the hotel for the use by them. To get a face-shave or a
Municipality, of whom 34 are women, and the rest are men
haircut the Pourakarmiks will have to go. to nearby towns.
workers. As in most parts of the State in Hassan also the
When this glaring discrimination was brought to the notice
Pourakarmiks' colony is in most pitiable state. There are
of the concerned authorities the following was their reply.
no basic civic amenities in lheir colony, and to ail end . to
u.......... all Pourakarmiks ITarijans of Hunsur were
calls of nature, the family members of the Pourakarmiks
secured and their grievances were heard. The local hotel
will have to go into nearby fields.
keepers about 20 in number and 6 shaving saloon owners of
Hunsur Town were also secured and an enquiry was made
At the time of the visit of the Chairman of the Committee
regarding the complaints about the Sweepers and Scavani to Hassan it was brought to the notice of him that out of
\ 3,500 service type laterines only 1,500 latrines were con- . gers not being admitted to the local hotels and shaving
saloons............... a leader of the Harijans stated, that lhe
verted as per Government directive, and though the
\ scavenging service by the employees of the Municipality > hotel owners and barbers hhd so far not objected Io any of
1 was discontinued, some of the Pourakarmiks themselves
LWCSS- 1
113
112
T>n
‘W 1
1
r
I
■ ■
J
'' V-
it
)C
>6
I
it ■
.h
«.
T
J- >■
■d
i;
. jif,: ,
,
Sf
H.'
>
I.
l;/;’^
JjiL
■
i-
r
”
'
............................ .......
’
’
-■■■.,~~--J>
......
...r ... ..
....................
....;^.
““............
I^Sfex-aS
*
^'**,l*/
•
v
ura^a
• 4
-
•
....
i ■
(
bv'’i’lio°7g
lI1C !10lel Or sn,00n- Since 1,10 ri'tes chan J
•.... 0 S11''IV1I1S saloons wore also high, with the object 1 ■'-?
aeUing the rates reduced, whenver any authorities vil "
(3) Special Nutrition Programme
then colonies they are said to complain that the hotel
(4) Free medical aid and maternity facility.
jKS^» SoiZm Xn™.Corporalion h„ bulk
854 houses and has allotted
»««
01 'I“”"r 101 ‘them,
T?to0 .I’ourakarmiks «n
on hire-purchase basis.
were suil,,l,lv <* J i, E M ir
Cost of
,
4 each house being Ils. 1,800,
■
jj
?!
JlUlKjUlld
..pJnienAlU^J /------
«
.1
i’*!**b
d.
(
T
<
\
(
,? s iKe o"'ne'si"p ot uic,'™- "•>“"«‘US
Odl. cif -22 I’oiir.ikanniks employed bv riunuund Tom
-HUiicipal.ly Hl PijjmirdJjslriH liirce are assigned l.o s^
pe.,lgI1Jg
01 these, 17 are women and 5 are men. The eoSL.1>OUrnkimni,iS. °f IIub'i'reside in five different
. lourakanmks arc on parl-lime basis, and lho”cdoin'
<5i
In Chanjiel Colony the Corporation has built 72 houses
of
-arlv 40 housesK
d$
-ml0':1.'7 <:oh!"y °.f I’ourakarmiks is called ‘JJhnngi
. .•Cokik/
.,lly ’ (o proclaim
the* caste and profession of the resident*
* \ r ......
-5
Corporation represented
,fcs
life
*«
'pSKta*
l"<> dcpcmhng on Hie moods of anthorit.es.
”to
‘
Ilvbli-JJhm-war
(
10 ,,...“t’id...“’-
„ 7n1l<'“ nubll:D)lal''Vi"' Corporation for a population of
ojo j,06 P,Cpol°.,h;LS <-‘'”Plo.yed SG-J Fourakariniks, of which
Bs'sSSoiO.
WOir,lg
iU the Dharw'1, <>f 2
rCVemiC of the Cto’iPoration is
(
(
(
fc
<
K
(
fc
Ip
^-itd-par:" eisevX^
“""U * >“"»««
F<SmS£?tiOn li;iS eXteiKl :llc f0,l0wi^
r
/
(
ss^ o-te
CUefitS l'nlikp
'(
wy1^
Of the SG2 Pouraknrmiks of Ifiihli-Dharwar Corporation That many Pourakarmiks even after serving for inin n •
g tor 1O’10 fl
^™^4J0ilreniei!- W‘l-e .8 are employd . years still borne on
!n the
c
That full benefit of National
(1) Festival AdIvance and Pay Advance
and Festival holidays not
^tended.
(2) Ils. 100 in <ea>h paid lo those undergoing tubectom\’ operation.
I
-it-
V
(
■<
—k
11 ■!■
i’i
o
‘I
115
o
■
i
X
><111
) fpif it
W
)V ■ I
p tf
■*
It
}_-■
>A
!ii: •
!
I
r; .
f
3<;''
t, •
i
!?
®u
3 > ■
■
3-
!’
1’
-iks are being given only o ie half-day weekly holiday
TIospci
full day or two?half-day.. holidays m a week,
Ilospet in Bellary District, adjacent to lhe famous Hajffi Srteaxi
® ilu of one
v..........
n*zvP
1.0 Municipality nR.ciimd
Ruins has a populat^n of 65,00 people. The City MunJ f**?'».officials
of 4the
assured tlio
the (/OmmiUec
Coninnllee
half-day wecklv
weekly hohdavs.
hohdnys. and
and
cipaNty has an annual revenue of Rs. S3 lakhs, and Mat'■‘they ' would allow ttwo
""' imW-rlnv
empolycd 176 Pourakai-miks to maintain the sanita®[hereafter it was reported to the Committee that it was
of lhe city. There are 84 female Pourakarmiks employ^ ‘Tlnne so for sometime. At the same time the Pourakarmiks
by the Municipality.
M were informed that they would lose the . privileges of
and Festival Holidays if they insist upon two
Thy Municipality has provided quarters to 18 workef Rational
.
“
’
r
weekly
holidays.
and the rest reside in mud houses built by themselves^ halt oay
Municipal land. The colony of Pourakarmiks is nam| ■ ffiriyur
tfiriyur
whom. 16 arc on.
Nominal
* Indira Nagar’.
,® / 'There_______________
- TT« of
.....
are 32 Pourakarmiks,
1
•............ '1'' .........
1 nr
T»A
The Pourakarmiks represented to Committee that thoug Roll in the employment of Hiriyur Town Municipality In
they too are classified on a par with other Class IV officif this tonm, like Us neighbouring town bn-a, discrnnma ion
of the Government they are deprived of Surrender Lea^ among Pourakarm.ks themselves P^mls., rhe
I ■ sweepers
>«<<! i>
benefit as extended to other Government servants of th consider themselves superior to sca^cngcis and cos
same grade.
| associate with them socially.
Harihar '
f .In this town too Pourakarmiks live separately away from
A Taluka headquarters in Chitradurga District hasft other Castes in a colony of their own called “A.k Colon)' '.
■population of 33,888 pcpolc with an annual revcnuc of Rs?( There are no drainages and latrines in the colony.
I In.
tv. a ted
lakhs. The Municipality has employed 41 Pourakarmiks Municipality has .provided a water tap which is si
.siLi.a.etl
The Pourakarmiks a real!o wed only on e
of whom 4 are women, workers. The Municipality ii in
” a drainage.
half-day
as
weekly
holiday.
stated that the workers who were doing scavenging wotl
have been absorbed on sweepers cadre after GovcrnineD- Hunmabad
order banning scavenging service by Municipal employee
But the Pourakarmiks have represented to the Chairmat Humnabad in Bidar District has a population of 1(>J>57
that the former scavengers were retrenched from the servia people, and the Town Municipali'y has an annual revenue
after the ban on scavenging in any foion was promulgate of Rs. 3,50,00. Fourteen male and G female Pourakarmiks
are employed by the INIunicipality. Z1 he Pourakarmiks ol
by Government.
Humnabad represented to the Committee that they are
The Pourakarmiks of TTarihar also represented tliatthej unnecwlarily^harassed by the supervisoiy staff, and lb.nl
are made to carry and burry the dead bodies of destitute f}
iey arc
they
are forced to work more than 8 hours per day.
flay. rrhev
much against their will.
f als0 complained of inferior quality of uniforms supplied to
Honnatvar
.
4 them.
Honnavar Municipality of North Kanara District^couV' Indi
where exportation of Pours| . T11C pourakarmiks of the Indi Town Municipalily have
be easily cited as an example
<
karmiks by the officials is still going on. When the Com been put to. hardships, because this Municipality still
mittee visited, this Municipality it learnt that the Pourata employs them on a part-time basis in direct contravention
I')
•
?•
I
11'7
f
j
1
3P
-W
'
(
o.f Goverment orders not to do so. These poor worker - T;’t,’
a Pittance of Its.
only per month. SiZrly « 0#tF
no ienvenging as such in the town, it
Government orders aimed at the welfare of Poural at3 is really imi or lunate that there should still exist private
We been completely ignored. When questionedI aS scavenging m Police Quarters.
hese slioit comings, the spokesman of the XfuniciDiift famalaimr.
pleaded financial stringency as the main cause for nf
A small town in Bellary District adjacent to I.Iampi
improving the conditions of Pourakarmiks
uuraKarmiKs.
501 rPpiv
,r C , ? .covn au ^umcipahly,
xviunicipamy, but
out is reluctant to extend
r0U—
u:„,i
oZ1Cnnnare
,’o;'1-'^'nnik.s in Indi for. a populatin' -ifeLn.ills on\P1Wus- ^ven the Pourakaroi 1L000 and with a.n annual income of Rs. 2 lakhs It; nnks monlhjy salaries are not paid regularly. At the lime
II ill the month of September 1973
nniinagmiihle how Government can go about upovadin
to
this
Municipality
the
Pourakarmiks
’ ■•■salaries had not
■sinal J own .1 anchayats to the status of MuniZlitl
been paid for nearly eight months. The reason ut forth
nearly eisht
months was that the Municipality^ revenue was not
A.nnataka.area due to various political consideration. > adequate.
' Kamalapur
K’amalapur MumcipalHy
^Municipality is
I a standing example of what
Kolar. Iieiidquarter.s of the district of the same mmm any ..................................
lumcipalily should...not be. Here the Pourakarmiks
one o ancient seats of Hindu Kingdom. The G mg! i
are most exploited by the Municipality itself.
Ihc J’ourakanniks live admist most wretched conditions.
Ao civic amenity has been provided in their residential
eitarfs«u> r„d“ 4 Madras “”d 0,hcr
area. Ao doubt the Municipality has attempted to cons
■ \l1C p0lll-a^ai'miks of this town belong to Telugu snenb truct quarters for the use of Pourakarmilcs, with financial
Colom'”COnmi'n't'YinnrI.r-esidc 111 n co!on.v named as “Bod assistance from the Social Welfare Department. After
S m ypn ^Unngnthe visit of tbe Chairman to this CoS raising fovinGations for 12 houses the work has been aban
m.in.t Pourakarmiks represented that Ibis name of tlJ doned.
'
their mH inditedAllthnrSan?a :wgar” Tb'3 fIesire 01
At Kainalnpiii' the Committee also learnt that the V
tlunZn l S
d 3 Chan,?e ,n their ol,tlook for better children of Pourakanmks are not allowed admission in the
h nm nm J
m
s™,ndlngs- The Munici-pal Council schools.
o ZumkirmiH F,n'nn'm
fnfi,itics
Here, none of the Service Benefits arc allowed to the
Pourakarnnk<. Only one half-day holiday per .week is
"Wed ever smee they were constructed decades ago
)iyen. -Kxcn other leaves are not sanctioned to Pourakarmiks
Nowhere else the I’ouraknriniks are abused and
exploited as m Kamalajiur.
- farwar
are trenled' with^ i 1 our;lkarmiks’ cspccialy the women
.The Coastal Town of Karwnr has played a historical role
iu^i.ne. a n n un Is -ofK amala lcawahistoryr —rPh ere—a ic t hree— — —
. 1
r
»
■*' r
•
•
| ,
&i".± ^*,*7 a,!»"hK»|”»«»tiStS
■■
■:-
fc)
-
•-
......
.......................................
>
...
o
(
(
■
il{ <
Mii?
J,
Id
J 3) ■
Id
I
Jr
(
c
c
c
c
c
(
|d
Id
r
<
f
I< c
(
<
b
c
•
■mIW
■ <f
“E
d
............................ -■
4’
c
J.. -B
(
■*»
c
(
B
|d
s« HL
r '....
> ;• --—f
Il w J. c
Oi
<1 J*
I
j
>(TF
'fpir""
> -W
a
c*»r ai
Hi ■
■
>a'
n', •;
I
•!
>J ■
1
r
o
localities are stigmatised with the caste name. These are
called : Ilarijans Chala. TTosa. Harijan Chain and Hale yManvi Town in Baichur District has a population of
14,000 and an annual revenue of nearly Rs. 3 lakjis; O' the
Harijan Chala. The Committee noted that no action has
18 Pourakarmiks employed 3 are women and 15 are men.
been taken to change these names.
.‘-y
Majorly among Pourakarmiks are Mahlhars, a coinnniOne striking factor that was noticed prominently was ? nity which has migrated from Rajasthan who claim
that in al-1 these three Pourakarmiks’ colonies even basic; superiority in caste over the Kannada speaking Poura-^
facilities have not been provided. However.1 the Committee
karmiks.
was glad to observe that, the Municipality has opened a
The Municipality has granted sites to 21 Pourakarmiks.
; Women and Child Welfare Centre in Ilosa Harijan Chalo,
The Committee was happy to learn that these sites, to
although the same Municipality has-failed to extend normal
Pourakarmiks have l>een mixed among other 4,000 sites
civic facilities to these colonics.
’S
distributed to economically backward people of all castes
It was brought to the notice of the Committee that
and creeds.
14 Scavengers employed by the Municipality were thrown
The Pourakarmiks of Manvi arc given only one hr.!; da.y
out of employment as a result of the Government
as a holiday in a week.
Order abolishing all types of scavenging. The interpreta
Mudhol
tion of this Government Order was not correct on the part
The Pourakarmiks of Mudhol Municipality in Bijapur
of this Municipal authorities.
j
District are not aware of any Government orders sanction
Here the .Pourakarmiks represented that no kind of leave
ing facilities and benefits to Pourakarmiks employed in
is given with good grace and the work load is disproportion Municipalities. The Pourakarmiks of Mudhol start thenately high. The women Pourakarmiks complained that the
work early in the morning at. 5-30 a.m. and. work for more
maternity leave is not given in full as per rules.
than S hours a day. The hLudhol Municipality has not
implemented any of the Government orders and the Poura
J [ olakahn.uru
karmiks are deprived all benefits.
A small taluka on the borders of Chitradurga District,
Magadi
Moiakalmuru has a small contingent of 12 Pourakarmiks.'
Magadi Municipality in Bangalore District have
There are no lady Pourakarmiks.
20 Pourakarmiks of Adi Karnataka Community, There
.are no women workers in this Municipality. 'Pho i’ouraIt was noticed here that none of the Government Orders
Khrmiks
Karmiks live far away from the town. The few quarters
such as sanctioning issue of Uniforms, Chappals, Soaps and
built by the Municipality arc not even fit for animal
towels was implemented. The Pourakarmiks are not
l>e
dwelling.
Many of Government orders yet to be
getting leave at their credit whenever they need it.
$
implemented.
M elulcote
In this small town, ft was heartening to find that at least
one boy of Pourakarmiks was studying in P.U.C., and
Even today in some streets of Melukote Town in Mandya
anotheryoung man of this community has become a School
District, the Pourakarmiks dare not walk before a section
Teacher.
of caste Hindus. When this brought to the notice of
r
120
... . . .
, ... 121 . - ...u.. -.<
' ''"^
..
... , ., .
■\. r-i
. ..
.
T*
•
o. ’
w.? .■
W
*
(
F'
<
■ r3
Jvarmil.s are not considered untouchables by all sects of4 F'£?Vate>' nn(
aSnhe birborT^ lh?t they lhe^elvesX notl I Mnn^Iore-
■Vi
•
i
tK? «'IZ'Ki
r
public Temnles al Melel-ni /z/"'
•=»
°'r 1 ourakarmiks
T
« Pourakarini
Tb/ciiy
The City Municipality of Mandya has employed J 35
to the >
/ 7J'<"'c/'”7/ 1 o^r^rmiks off the main roath No
speci ic complamts are received in this behalf Tf witSn^
faints are received suitable action will be 'tal^in £ I
?
:5
■
Pourakarmiks for a population of 72,05<S people. The
Municipality has an annual revenue of Its. 24 Inkhs.
Majority, of Mandya Pourakarmiks .•.•re mk/ra{>(l from
| Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu and belong to Tcliuru
I speaking Madure Madiga community.
»-.««/ ±^x.x^.s”S ? M',nidp"'il;
;
|
i s ’?ps’ ^,ut tnke self shave and get the?:
haircut finer 1
,!/ !
*8
SI
l>y S,y :,I'nlllSeinent sl>H in cxistance in
in
(
(
r*f*^
t
:■ [k®
<
'iH'
<
t
I
I
■
. lhe Pourakarmiks belonging to Vodda coimnuni y !i\e
in the middle part of the city, and the others live in a
colony called ‘Sweepers’ Colony on the outskirts of •he
city. The Municipality has constructed 20 (piarters in this
colony.
I ■■'
rb'
mailer.
‘
'
iHiwdhng to take necessary action in the
Mawmlore
*
r
?«w ,i”?«poi"'1^" i
annual revenue of Rs OoSakbsri'Thra|rC^U^>ilf‘a‘\an
fonrer
°f whoni 1
wSer/were
'rhe Munich). !il<- h.1£lpOr"jn r on1dniI.v 'va?es of Rs. 5-30.
rest live i h ! \ jB ,\(lc(l 011 >• H-' quarters and the
'■.•irons naris Of It
•
Thouscs 1)l,,lt bv Hieniselves in
at one time I
Ih-uraknnnil s in nP • ‘?,tho,nt,es ^.ed to locate all the ■
the local caslc TV ?lngk- .colonV >n the midst of the citv
"£m
rd iliewasioc,reluctantly
n.Ho'1 °f Po1dropped.
^- uum,n±^
.’.ml theje.scheme
i
riifill.liS'f;Th'lt<’|..i,'.,fr' "'"“'.T’1 l1!1' "•‘'■kei-s .'iKsigiicd to ■
-h... g,
.
The area where, the Pourakarmiks belonging to Vodda
community reside is known as ‘ Kalamma Temple Colonv.
The land on which the Vodda Pourakarmiks have put up
their huts belong to the Municipality. As this area is ridit
in the middle of the city, a few caste Hindus are I rving to
evict, these Pourakarmiks from the place so that d'lo land
could be commercially developed. The Pourakarmiks arc
also willing to vacate the land if alternate arrangj mrn’^is*
provided to them.
l<ew years back a .separate plot v, as
developed for this purpose and the Vodda Pour.ikarmiks
represent, Inat they have even paid the cost of lhe land to
the Municipality long back, nothing has materialised <o far
because ol objections from another sections of caste Hindus,
tain**
(
'p
(
■p
(
■ ip
(
■®
■iiW
IE ■ <
rft
''
B
■
cilonFe. ;,,ol'ra]?'lrnliks ■ '°r
’ >n,cf'111 t>!.hei . pui'ls of lhe Stale, in tins world
■ .... '‘-’(Wilife-
•...........
<
>
if
K3
d^_J
<
pB
Mi/8 ore
Ror.n population of 3,55,636 people, lhe Mv.we Cilv
MunicipalityJias employed 845 Pournkarrnik*. <»f whom 479
are men and 36G are women workers. The Municipality
nns an annual revenue of Rs. 1.50.21,304-00.
,-------- - -------------- ------ ----
<
>■
<
dfe
<
■-=
iKStgliSP
w
0
□u
Go
dr1
C/T*1
C i
t-
I .A
Q'S
t
p
%■
c
r
r
grant sites for (hem in a well laid out locality. At the time
famous city too the Pourakamiks reside under mostB
deplorable conditions. Though the Municipality has , of
VJ> Chairman’s visit to Ramanagar the Pourakarmiks
provided 436 quarters for the Pourakarmiks, all of them are,;g ?;.. .‘repr<.•esented that they are being threatened of eviction from
in dilapidated condition without any sort of maintenance’f'' Alieir
il--: present rcsidental locally as some influential persons
1
of the public are trying to gel the land sold to them from the
and repairs. It was brought to tJic notice of the Committee
Municipality.
Such attempts to buy out the places of \
that a few quarters built by the Municipality for the use of |
T’ourakarmiks colonics are taking place in many towns
Pourakarmiks in Gandhinagar area have been .forcibly.^
because in such cases the land, on which the Pourakarmiks
occupied by outsiders, who are indulging in the manufacture X
have put their huts happen to be in. central1 locality ol the
of illiiciit liquor. The Committee observed the practice of
town and.as such commercially valuable.
scavenging service by the Pourakarmiks Ihcmselves by )*
private arrangement with some fesidciils of Alysore who
Raichur
.
have not converted their lavatories.
In Raichur City even today carrying of night soil, as
headloads could be seen, because the Municipality lias failed
Navalf/und
in converting all the service type latrines in the city. So
In Navalgund Municipality of Dharwnr pistric- part-tune
far the Municipal authorities have converted only 815
scavengers arc employed on a monthly pittance d: Its. 25. {.
latrihes
out of a total number of 2.3S5 latrines in the City.
During the past few years some Pourakarmiks have been
Hence,
the
scavenging is still being continued in Raichur
retired on superannuation and their retirement benefits are <
City..
^This
scavenging service is rendered by about 150
yet to be settled.
.<
private scavengers belonging to Balmiki community of
Pavctgcida
• .’
North India, who have private arrangements with the
residents of Raichur.
Pavivgada Town Municipality- has employed 16 Poura- ■
karmilcs for a population.of 9,002 people. The Municipality
The City Municipality for a population of 79.630 people
has an annual revenue of Rs. 2,50 000. The Pov.rr.karmiks
has employed 231 Pourakarmiks, of whom 39 ^are former
of Pavagada represented to the Committee lluil !!>.?>■ are
scavengers now
assigned to other duties.
The Municipality
now
‘
treated as untouchables and not allowed entry inh» temples,
5 usefor
of the
its Poura___ ’ only 28n quarters
has constructed
hotels etc.
reside in their own houses
karmiks. Othcr
CT-— Pourakarmiks
___________ -’
in
a
colony
called
‘
Harijanwada.
The Municipality has not attempted to improve the
living conditions of Pourakanniks in any way.
Shorapur
RciuKiTicgutci
There are 18 male Pourakarmiks and 10 fema!e Pourakarmiks employed in Ramanagar Municipality in Bangalore
. District. At the time of the visit of the Chairman it was
brought to the notice of him that chappals. soap an 1 towels
are not supplied to Pourakarmiks as per Government Order.
The Pourakarmiks belonging to Telugu speaking-Vodda and
Madiga communities live in most unhygienic spot of the .
town. No attempts have been made to build quarters or
Shornpur in Gulbarga District has a population of
21,056 people.
The Town Municipality has employed 26
Pourakarmiks. It was brought to the notice of the Com
mittee that the Pourakarmiks are made to work more than
8 hours per day and that one half day is given as a weekly
holiday. At the time of the visit of the Committee to
Shorapur none of the Govenrment Welfare Orders were
implemented by the Municipality. There is private
scavenging still in vogue in Shorapur.
124
125
- f:
W*MasuAft LUUrtkUA*;.
t
;
!.
[•
(■
i
i:
>
!
[> • J
!
*•*
■"!
tihullinur
• .
ihere are 23 Pourakarmiks employed in the TowrS
.■lunicipal Council of Sindhnur of Kaichur District, for a®
population ol 14,30(i. ' During its visit to Sindhnur : the®
Pourakarmiks’are not allowedSI
Committee learnt that the Pourakarmiks
Cha'rrpan and other members of the ComcnUy into hotels and temples of the place. It was iT'5^te--HSt’
?;iqjiesf.'ntec
<l«d that
4, the Pourakarmiks are made, to work moreSte’the scavengers, but the
"'ilh
j•■■■•■,•?
only one half day as
scavengers onC the blsis of
15
t0 mix“
iv.bk.
“ ?PcCrr Cday,
te’ and allowed pnly
- aWwith the ---weekly houday. The Pourakarmiks of Sindhnur unlikef t caste hiernehv °
0“
°f their ^nonty in the
% caste hicrachy.
I heir
7” connterparIs
"y
; in
1,1 I’he neighbouring district of Bellary are.®
eligible
p..
c.
ls,l)Je for
ior both
.iota pension
and gratuity. The Government:®! Yadgiri
has sanctioned
its.
1
..
— —• ^b’,o00 under a ’Centrally sponsored’Wsel l cm (’ fioi construction of houses for Sweepers and ^1 n^h? lprivaie Scaven5ers of Yadgiri Town in Gullrir-rn r
and
,Scavengers,
i-. .
, the- amount!is being utilised by the Munici-’#|
luhu to construct 16 houses for the use of Pourakarmiks.
fcj- * "S^E„2lvTk,xxs- .2:
£ .
Jkf®
IK ate?
/'■|l
Shimoga
n,„ri S1'|,,On<. ,?ity M'unicipality 414 Pourakarmiks are I
employed. Of these 132 are women and the rest are men J
no-no 1,0 Clty Municipality for a population of !
l
earns an annual revenue of Rs. 89 lakhs.
f
In this city scavenging work is still done by private *
scavengers numbering nearly 200.
1
;
!
' contlnLnng the
"
? « 22"
.
/
, ..............................,
■.
•
■■
•’*
'
■•
—
.
■■
•
/
•..
■■
■■
.
a
f.
..
The City Municipality has allotted 258 sites at nominal '
Yklandur
.''JVl
T-»
,
.■» •
.
and Im/*
free of cost to sonieiPourakarmilcs
and
taken ; I
--.1 Up .AI
die construction work of 14 houses for Pourakarmiks
The SI |
Pourakanniks of Shimoga areic-hgrble
’• “ ‘ . for___________
gratuity only at 4 suffer degradation'^C^
present.
| societynS
------11
VehiE
‘i^n' r^0"*
Cas£them?
•S’/7V.’.
selves,
..Uinndui is not nn exception. But whereas in
other places the hoteliers^
In this town the untouchability curse prevails The I Pour'akSin YH 7
SCpnrntC Cllps fo1’the
«f
<as c nidus a.nd Muslim hoteliers do not allow the Pourn- ;• i OU1 aK.u links, in Yelandur it is not so. The Pounk-nrmil-c
from'the he toh 'in YH
°"'n Cl'Pi
cofi'ee or tc«
knrnuks enter their hotels. The sweepers of this Town- lumcipality consider themselves superior to those c
nn’l- i
’* ’ • *;^an^ur, one could see the Pourakarengaged
nuks always carrying ahnninium cups with them
irSSr
™,,C
a.°l a» not'/K
« ^n?l&^*£Y
/a\enters come anywhere near them. The Town
I) U''' V1 >n ' ? wd h assistance from the Social Welfare
nirnt, constructed few houses for the use of Pour a
. j,.Qura-
ytTff
■ ■ -
•.......... -■
:
J
s
a
LP
1
1
j
feii
a
a
kl” ■
m
Lr'“'p
j
•
&.
<
a
J
"!
; same profession in Yadgiri Towm
•'
. ,7
te
QJ
t Sr
■fe
i
Sl?
?
4lf j y
W’
:'"f ')
©
a
d
J
a
u
j
u
Q
U
FIk-
±>-~ e
'.U
I
I
l
i
... - YrbSSS^l^SSSSSSXSS^SSSSSS&S.
127
ife’-
i
K u
n -n •. •
i.’k>. .
IWr.
S ••? ■
1'.I I
■
|i
I
■ ■
n>' j h
V ■. ft
c
I-
■
5^
't
l
0'
Q^
O-'
&
i.
h’’' ’
■
i.i;
fl'’. '
Ji-
} ■
f-
I
!■
if-
p. J
^129 people, the Yelandur Towx^
Town:^‘ 'Wot living in. Bangalore they still maintain their individual
For a population of ^1.29
Municipality Jias employed only 8 Pourakarmiks, of whom® '^egiontil traits.
five
are.. ----men,t '1They
belong to
to Telugu-speaking
Telugu-speaking Madigaj|
Madigi|t ?^The Bangalore City Corporation has provided oniv
---- —
hey belong
only 1000
community. The Municipality has granted house sites to 1
........
m ii.
........
_i ihouses
....... and huts built
-i. «by
quarters,
and
the
rest•..................
live in mud
the
Pourakarmiks.
------..... r—........ —
4^ . themselves on land belonging to the Corporal’nm. The
Corporation has taken up the work' of rcha.bililating th('
pourakarmiks
living in the slums. '.rhe Corpora I ion. has
Bangai.obe
»
distributed 450 bouse sites to the ‘.Pourakarmiks residing
The credit for maintaining Bangalore as-one of,the clean-ip in.Bakshi Garden, and is planning to distribute 050 li<)iise
licst cities in India should go to (he Pourakarmiks of Bangasites to the Pourakarmiks residing in Jagjivnnrani \a";ar.
• It lias also been deci < I cd to sell .108 tjuarlcrs i.n dagjivmirani
lore City Corporation. But it is a disgrace to find that in
Nagar ad. upset prices to the present residents themsedves.
some localities*of Bangalore night-soil is still being removed '
Apart from this, the Corporation has not attempted in
by hands by tfie Pourakarmiks, though the Government has
banned the carrying of night-soil in any form.
•; any way.to improve the localities where the Pourakarmiks
,•3.
arc residing. So far the Corporation has not started any
For a population of nearly 20 lakhs, the Corporation has
Nursery or Primary Schools in the localities of 1’ouraemployed 2435 male and 2090 female Pourakarmiks only/;
karmiks. . However, a few Creches have been opened in
Nearly 95 percent of them are from Telugu-speaking Madiga; some localities..
and Vodda communities.
'.rhere are some belonging to.
Many of the Pourakarmiks arc. suffering from T.B. and
A okkqliga, Lingayalh and Muslim communities also. Not
other
chronic diseases, and they are not subjected to
only of because of acute uneinjdoyment problem but also
periodical,
medical examinations.
No Special leave is
because of good service conditions and benefits at present
extended
to
those
suffering
from
T.B.
available for Pourakarmiks in the Corporation many Caste
There arc no Promotional opportunities to the PouraHindus are also coming forward to take up the profession
of Pourakarmiks.
kanniks, though quite a number of them have passed the
karmiks,
,r.
.
.
S.S.L.C. examinatiems.
The Poijrakarmiks of Bangalore
1 hough there are very few belonging to the Tamil-speak
City Corporation arc not yet entitled to pensionary
ing Scheduled Castes, people belonging to Kannada-speaking . benefits.
Scliedu.lcd Castes have kept themselves away from the
The female Pourakarmiks of Bangalore arc getting
profession and also away from those who have taken up
towels also unlike their counterparts elsewhere in the state.
I he profession.
Hence the Pourakarmiks of Bangalore
The Corporation has constructed few Muster Shelters
reside in separate and exclusive pockets of their own.
where the attendance of Pourakarnnks are taken and
where place provided to deposit their tools etc. However,
There, are nearly 80 such pockets of Pourakarmiks in
it is unfortunate that the Corporation has not provided
Bangalore. Majority of Pourakarmiks reside in Goripalya,
any
transportation facility to the Poura.kanniks who have
Kumbarn Gundi, Bore Bank Hoad, Murphy Town, Shanti
to
go
to far-oft work spots from their residential localities.
^fl&’ar and Old Sawar Lane. Goripalya is now I’enamed as
The Pourakarmiks of Bangalore City Corporation are
•Ja-gjivanram Nagar ’. These Pourakarmiks are from the
well organised, and have proved that ‘self-help is (hr host
distrjcts of Chititur, Auantjnir and Nellorc of Andhra
help
There are three Trade Unions of Workers namely,y
n radesh, and also from Bellary district. Even after decades
■
■
128
• (;•
j
l.w.c. s.s.—15
129
a■
...■';?r.,£X:'
■I
the Bangalore City Municipal Corporation Workers’M
Federation, the Bangalore District Corporation and Local f
Bodies Employees’ I inion, and the State Corporation and /
Mimicipalities Workers’ Association. There are also regis- J
lercd associations in every Colony of Pourakariniks which \
look after (he improv<’ment of their respective areas.
•;
The Bangalore Municipal Corporation Scheduled Castes’
Workers' Co-o]K‘ralivc Society is rendering great service
in improving economic conditions of it's members. The
Society has promoted many welfare schemes and its
‘ Pourakarmiks ’ Children Education Fund’ scheme is- a...
laudable one. An Education Fund of Rs. 2 lakhs- is i
reserved for starting a Residential School for the children
()f ^Pourakariniks.^
The Society has also launched a
Family Relief Fund ” scheme by winch the dependents
ol deceased Pourakarmiks and retired Pourakarmiks get
immediate relief. T!ic. Society also extends loan facilities
Io ils members,
I he Corporation itself has promoted a scheme called
“Jlangalore Muncipal Corporation Pourakarmiks’ Welfare
1'und ’ and a sum Rs. .1,000 will be paid to the dependents
of deceased Pourakarmiks as immediate relief. The same
benefit is given to the retiring Pourakarmiks also. The
fund is managed jointly by the representatives of the
Corporation, as well as that of the Trade Unions.
To encourage and honour the services of the workers,
Ike Corporation annually celebcrates a day its the Corpo
ration Day, which i$ called 'Kempe Gowda Day’ after
the founder of the City. Prizes and awards are distributed
to (he winners of Games and Sports.
Rcccnlly lhe Corporation celebrated the Karnataka
Rajyolhsava Day and the Prime Minister’s Birth’Day and
awarded prizes to the Pourakarmiks excelling in games
and sports, as well as in work, attendance etc. The Com
mittee requests other Local Bodies in the State to emulate
I lie example of the Bangalore Corporation to further the
interests in their workers.
<3
!>
CONDITIONS OF SWEEPERS AND SCAVENGERS
EMPLOYED OUTSIDE KARNATAKA
r
To find out whether the sweepers and scavengers
employed in place outside the State enjoy any special
privileges and to ascertain their living and working condi
tions for comparision with their, counterparts in Karnataka^,
the Committee was permitted by the Government to visit
Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta and Bhuvaneshwar and make a
spot study of the living and working conditions of sweepers
arid scavengers in those cities. Accordingly, the Commi
ttee visited Bombay in the month of July 1974 and Delhi,
Calcutta and Bhuvaneshwar in the month of September
1975. The following are lhe observations of the Committee
on the conditions of sweepers and scavengers outside the
State.
Bombay
The jurisdiction of’ the Greater Bombay Municipal
Corporation is 437 Sq. Kms. and has been divided into
1.5 wards. For a population of 65 lakhs there are 13.000
sweepers and scavengers who arc called * the Conservan.cjr
Staff ’.
•<
The Conservancy Staff of the Greater Bombay Municipal
Corporation are categorised as Scavengers, Motor Loaders
and Ilalalkores.
The Scavengers attend to sweeping and depositing of
refuse in the refuse bins, sheds etc.
.
The Motor Loaders attend to the work of lifting the refuse
from the refuse bins etc. and depositing the same in the
vehicle which carry the collected refuse to the disposal
- ground’ sites
j
o
j
n
o
j
3
O
■
'di
3
q
o
j
p
Si
0
1
0
0
J
if no
j
i
Q
>
u
«
1
q
M
o
h
€J
130
tr
*
, “ “d
!
01IC1"
W‘ ■
AU these tee categories
Q■
K'S?7 ?te»"rta get 2 Sy leave o’rdy on lestlyffib. The workers are entitled to iamdy pens.on.o».-grslmts
•I 'f 1
and national holidays.
bf
. .JP .scheme.
Pay Scales
.-in '41
The male staff is provided with 2 shirte,. 2 trousers, a pair
The Conservancy Stag of the Bombay•Mumgl CorpU
als> either a Kambli.
or Lmbrella annuinl£.
1MMJX Vi
----- t
v
'
of mne
nine yards
yards with
and
ration are placed in a fine scalf,°^^SfSd upS female staff get 2 sarees of
with petti-coats
petti
Dearness Pay and Dearness Allowance is linked p
nt
polkas, annually.
'"the Consumer Price Index and is variable.
■ itl Welfare activities
.
'fl
The Greater Bombay Municipal Corporation has a
Special Allowances
u
s- -t Unclean Vi orkl
t£ fully pledged department to look. aitw he vnau
The Motor Loaders and Halalkores get an
month, and also Rs. 3 per month.
fJits stair and workers. It has opened 44 elfarc Cent .
Allowance of Rs. 10 Pcr
■fl °^d is headed by a Labour Officer who is assisted bx nell
as Washing charges.
„|r trained assistants.
M ; Apart from finding redressal for the grievances oi the
Quarters
thousand of the Conservancy Staff are provided with
kers. the Laboljr Department of
freeQuarters in 5,500 tenements sperad over the city. Ihose
Municipal Corporation conducts vanous wdfau jno
who Ee not been provided with free quarters are paid a
grajnmes {or the beneflt of the workers and then Luiuhc..
grammes
House Rent Allowance of Rs. 10 per month.
Welfare Centres Gymnasium facilities are
In t—
I
W
V
r
One year at a time
eoos^ey sttJt
?
fl
l.™
•
c.:
•
©)
(]) Earned Leave-l/llth iof the period spent
dutv, subject to a. maximum of 120 days.. 1.hirlhx Day . |
leave can be encashed during a block period of 2 yeais. J
(2) Half Pay Leave—20 days per year wliiclii can be ]
commuted on medical grounds to the extent of 240 day?.;
during one’s entire service.
•’fl
(3) Injury Leave.
d■
In thcsc Welfare Centres, the womenfolk of the workers
{aci.]ities for learning sewing, tailoring and banc are given facilities for learning
crafts.
The Labour Department also orga^s1e.-pjcH^s1 And cxcurUMTtoVa^ oM^^portaee
sions. XdX
.
11“ Tn di a* "and” the cost <jf these tour programmes
by the department. T<|> wean a Tray lhc°workers from the
132
333
Ik
'l-r
tk.
«■.
sa^mss
M*4
.J
M.
.• -
_
V;
o
' ’•’a
.
•W
j
habit of drinking, and nt the same time to provide rccrea-if
lion to diem, the department organises film shows daily in$
the various centres.
' . y?
bThe ill-planned and thickly populated area of Old Delhi
conies under the jurisdiction of the Delhi Municipal Corpo■ ration, whose civic body’ is an elective one. The well-planned
Apart from providing Nursery Schools in the colonies oft and well laid out New Detin is governed by the New Delhi
the workers, the department also grants scholarships to the '? Municipal Council,, which is a nominated body. The sani
children of workers. According to this scheme, Rs. 120 andW' tation work in the Contonment is looked after by yet
Rs. 300 are awarded to the Scholars obtaining 50 per cent;another separate bod.y called * the Contonment Board’.
marks in Secondary Educatidn and 2nd Class in College'?
The Committee was shocked Io learn that in many parts
education respectively.
Any number of children of a’''.
of Delhi the abhoring practice of carrying night soil as head
Municipal employees, irrespective of his pav,. can avail of'?
tlus facility.
loads by the Municipal workers is still in vogue. The autho
rises put forth various reasons for the continuance of this
Under another scheme, only one child of the wroker whose
practice in the Capital City of India.
pay is upto Rs. 1.50 is awarded scholarships of Rs. 60 per
annum for the Secondary Education and only one child
The Delhi Municipal Corpora lion’s jurisdiction is divided
of the worker whose grade is upto Rs. 500 is awarded scho
into 8 zones of 100 wards. It employs 14.000 sweepers and
larship of Rs. 250 per annum.for the College education.
scavengers, who are (’ailed as * Safai Mazdoors and whose
pay scales and allowances are on a par. with Class IV ofllcials
.lheic is not much diflercnce in the service and workin"
of the Government. Their minimum total emoluments are
conditions of our,Pourakanniks and of those in Bombain■
Rs.
315 per month. The Corporation also employ workers
But it must be said that the economic and social conditions
temjxjrarily
on daily wages of Rs. 5.25 per day’.
o. the Bombay Municipal workers are far better then
compared with those of our Pourakarmiks. The reason
The Safai Mazdoor* of Delhi Municipal Corporation are
is not far to seek either.
Because their conditions were
given
free medical aid. and they are also entitled to medical
very much improved by the ceaseless efforts of a dvnamic
reimbursement
as and when the need arises.
I^Fsonality like that of late Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. He wasred
a relentless battle for improving their living and working
The Delhi.Municipal Corporation has a fully pledged
conditions. Dr. Ambedkar knew where the lacuna Jay. It
Labour
Welfare Department which apart from looking after
was envious t° him that without proper education the
the welfare schemes for the workers also enforces the Com
children of these workers would not make any headway
pulsory Education Act among the children of the workers.
m j
■l-hei’efr>re he laid great stress on opening school’s
The
Welfare Centres and Communily Halls in. the colonies
and colh'grs .or the oenefit of this oppressed communitv.
of
the
workers possess recreation as well as educational
Secondly, in a cosmopolitan city like Bombay there is ho
facilities
for the benefit of the workers and their families.
scope for rigid caste distinctions.
With the result the
The Labour Welfare Department has also promoted Consu
chi dren of sweepers ana scavengers enjoy jmod social con
mer Co-Operativr? Societies and Co-operative Banks for the
tacts in the wider cosmopolitan society at? this place
benefit of the workers.
Delhi.
.1 he Ca])ital of Indian Republic? is split up into three
na,„ely Old Delhi, N™ Delhi anil th,. 'c„ntffl,
.
who. m Aorth India, are considered ’ Harijans and they
1
J’
1 ‘
'■
I
' !>•!
134
’
■’
'chedulcd CaS-tfiS.
135
n
o
Sl j
3
n
e
m
V"
j
fe
a
pi
c
j
d
n
Q
d
J
'I
a
j
i.
1
G
d
1
q
' ....... ------(]
4^
,- ..
K
it
"w
*} ■ >■
tn
■ffi
■<
T
i
6^ ■ •
c;
■
'■BF: '
......
II
T^e>y.
.Municipal Council popularly calleiiW^ i
■..
, .. . .
New Delhi Municipal Committee” employs;2
on<* •s '')einS on leave without pay and
■workers who are called ‘Safai Karmacharish The payW®^anCC‘ : .
scales of these workers are as follows :
.:-f»;^2z Scholarships are awarded to employees’ children for
The Sweepers, Lorry Workers and Anti-Mala'mfr''
of studies in technical education at the rate of
Gangmen’s pay scale is Ils. 196^3-22-EB-<’3° and that nfM ^s' ,? Per month for degree courses and Rs. 40 per month
Sewermen is Rs. 200-2.50. In addition to the basic pay thevil
diploma courses.
are entitled to a Dearness Allowance of 30 per cent, C.C.A.4 ' 3- The employees of New Delhi Municipal Committee
of hi per cent and H.R..A. of 15 per cent of thicr totals are given the benefits of Provident Fund, as well as of
emoluments.
Gratuity. The pension scheme has also been introduced on
The Sweepers are given a dirt allowance of Rs. 5 per’M M af?’"oc basis>
Sc'vcr,?eu
Lori'y workers besides the dirt!
The Committee was singularly fortunate in meetin- the
. llou.incc get an extra allowance of Rs. 10 per month in'M Vice-President of India, Sri
Sri B.
Ji D.
D Jatti
Jatti and in
bavinin having
wrahtag aX^vance’.
Ca,CSories
3 l^r month as4 solicited his valuable opinion and
advice forand
improving
the
I
I
jjnprovjng t|^
:----------- 1
JH;
tot
these unfortunate people of our society. The \’iceThc workers are entitled for payment of over-time®! .•^re^en^ evinced keen ____________
interest in
the recommendations
of
_
.s.vv.llU4vUMU
Vi
Committee with rermrd
regard tn
to thn
the irrmrAvnmaruimprovement of the living
mlQwance m accordance with the provisions of Minimum ?| the
“le Comnnttee
.and working conditions of sweepers and scavengers in
rni
i
Karnataka.. lie was also pleased to suggest that •neccssanj
'A
entitledS’feveCvdXSn1^ KXr
°nCtSS10a- °nte in four Jears for 4 ^commendoUons
.........................
, .
.
? :*71-l&ttw
and spirit.- He was also pleased
to advise the members of the Committee to devote Ihemihe Safai Karmacharis of New DeDii Municipal Com-4 ! .
, ,. . - untouchability in a
mitlee also get the benefit of grant of advances such ns * spinfc of,dedication nand humility. He
He was further pleased
I estival Advance, Provident Fund Advance, House Buildin- « to say that"the country cannot inake any tangible progress
Advance, Conveyance Purchase Advance, etc.
? unless all distinctions of caste and creed are abolished once
He also commended the work of the
lhe New Delhi Municipal Committee has many welfare 1j ana tor all.
schemes for its employees, of which the following
' Committee.
The Committee was particularly lucky in boinj? able to
important.
b are I
„ndF*\4 ^PaSSrOna(C 1?U.lld Sclleme is bei^ 0P^d ■ secure ntt interview with the Prime Minister of India.
.",h>ch an cx-gratia assistance not exceeding d Smt. Indira Gandhi. The Prime Minister was graciously
T2 month s emoluments is sanctioned to the emplovees who 4 pleased to remark that the urgent need of the hour was to
are retired due to physical disability before their actual date 4 raprove the conditions of all sweepers and scavengers in the
of retirement or to the dependants of the emp oycesPn ca e I country, and she highly commended the action of the
om1' Wl,k‘
Service- Bcsid^ «« ad-hoc "rant of H tn .’';ernment °.f Karnataka in taking all necessary measures
Rs. 2o0 .is also paid for performance of last rites‘of''the 4
deceased employee, or in the event <of‘ lon<r
’
illness of the 4 tnnV •’
' 6 , h?rm'aAn and members of the Committee
J0no mness of the J took th.s opportunity of appealing to the Prime Minister
136
4
137
o
travel anywhere in India
■
<v
r
ar■
_ •
@A
L
CF
C '■.
—■
IXi
P<7Z:-7~T-.~7"7J2T7
'■
....
'1 '
M
;l
j
'4
' l-i
i:
■' • >.
■i<;
D- ■
......a.
W-'
&S SRgSc'':
cunjuiit' of
ui night
ini’ill soil
bun as.
as head-loads
nuau-iuaus alf
an oyer
oye| Emoluments of a sanitary worker is. only Rs. 250. Neraly
to abolish the carrying
it has
beenh.done
in Karnataka-.
;® |jfty per cent of these workers have been provided with rent
tlic country as it
.....already
1__________
K.................
v .
, reply to this request of the Committee, she was pleased
fefree quarters, lhese workers work for G hours only per day.
I say that such a thing cannot be done without devisit®?
• i r 4
i
. .i
alternate methods and at the same time making scparlf ^here
° ° spemal feaUires about the service eonarrangements for absorbing them in other suitable avenu®
f2.C,1,l,es °f san'ta.^ WOrkcrs ot Ca!cutta
Corporation. For instance, even if a sweeper or a scavenger
of employment. However, she wished all good luck for tlie?
work of the Committee.
•
'.W vrorks only for one day in a year, he is entitled to all leave
privileges that a permanent employees enjoys. The workers
The Chairman and members of the Committee also met' can take active part in political activities.
....
the Union ^Minister for Food and Agriculture, Sri Jagjivaif
/One
of
the
Deputy
]")ireclor.s
of Conservancy in the
Ram to seek his advice and suggestions. Sri Jagivan Rairi'
Corporation
of
Calcutta
is
a
labour
leader appointed on
was pleased to suggest that ’the Committee should strive'
contract
basis.
r
J
,
hcsc
innovations
have
been made to tone
hard to see that these workers get due jusltcx* by way of
up
the
adminislraIive
efficiency
of
the
Corporation as a
economic and social rehabihtion.
He also said that the.
whole.
*
question of improving 'their living standards cannot b(
solved without proper education and economic stability;;
Apart from using a mechnical gadget to clean and clear
He advised the Committee to concentrate, its attention on choked manholes, the Corporation of Calcutta has not
these two aspects.
.
introd need any modern implements.
The Committee expresses its deep gratitude to SardarBhula Singh, the Union Deputy Minister for Railways for'
helping the Committee in more ways than one. For' a
number of years he was the Chairman of the Parliamentary
Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes ’and..'
Scheduled Tribes, and is very well acquainted with, al! the
problems of the sanitary workers. He was kind enough to
give very valuable suggestions based on his rich experience
as how to ameliorate the conditions of sweepers and scaveny
gers in the country.
CalciMd'
As everywhere else, in Calcutta too. the sweeping and
i scavenging work is done by the Harijans. Very few
Bengali Harijans have taken up this profession. The
majority , of sweepers and scavengers employed in the
Corporation of Calcutta are Harijans from Uttar Pradesh
/ and Bihar States.
;
Bhuvaneslvwar
.Bhuvaneshwar, the Capita! of Orissa Government is a new
city. _ The Bhuvaneshwar Notified Area Council looks after
the civic affairs of the city, and has employed 370 sweepers
and scavengers. These workers belong io Mehlar caste •
and live in the neighbouring villages of Bhuvaneshwar. T’,u'
pay scale of sweepers and scavengers is Rs. 200-2-0-250. and**
they do not receive any allowances apart from their basic
pay. Over-time wages are being paid to those who workon holidays and on other important occasions.
The Committee utilised the opportunity at Bhuvaneshwar
to visit the neighbouring city of Cuttack, which was formely
the.capital of Orissa. Here the Committee.was able to see
for itself what man can achieve by his own efforts than when(
he depend upon others which are always superior to the!
external help that he gets. In Cuttack the Committee 1
visited two colonies of workers, the one. constructed and
The Corporation of Calcutta, the oldest Civic Bodv in ..main ta ined by t h Mun ioi pa 1 i tyn d -Uip-otheFr^'4H<*h-(4ieworkers thcniselvcs have constructed where lhev arc livin-r
ms
2
'
1
c
d
-J
o
1
0
»-• J
1
q
d
■
]
.irl •
n
o
■ F d
i-W
1
&
i^- a
‘■'fe
kJ
J
q
o
'■■W
• Cp
j
i.
n
a
■8r
j
il
q
"vis.
B
d
j
Ii
& 0 Ii
■fc
ik i
t
r,.
*
F
£
I; A,
ih
0-
6
■«!
GF ■
.1
•:
€
■-1
O.
C
r
I present a contrast.
. The -Colony, where the Municipality has built free’
quarters for some of the workers was congested and ill-kept^
. As a glaring contrast to this, the area, where the worker^
themselves have constructed their houses and are residing'
looked neat, much better in cleanliness and beauty.
I
;
.
.
....
,
■■
c**
Rlii]
iU
&
r
S
IR .
Conclusion
The. Com mil tee, has the satisfication of making a com
parative study of the living and working conditions of
sweepers and scavengers in many parts of the country .where
they play an important role in maintaining the sanitation
and public health of the place. The Committee was very
much benefited by the valuable suggestions and advice
given by such eminent personalities as the Vice-President
of India, the Prime Minister, the J’non Minister of Food
and Agriculture, the Deputy Railway Minister etc.
»?r
I
R
w? .
140
i’tr
‘y
■
1
lh|
141
■i
*1
tev!s
•
In Bhuvaneshwar, the Committee held discussions with
the officials of Urban Development Department and the
Municipal Directorate. The Chairman and members also
met the Chief Minister of Orissa, Smt. Nandini Sathpathi
and explained to her the work that has already been done
by the Committee. She appreciated the work so far done
and suggested that concerted efforts should be made to
abolish untouchability which is a curse on humanity.
i:d
!?
together all these years.
With regard to the conditions of Sweepers and Scavengers,
they are better in some'places, tolerably good in some other
places and quite unsatisfactory in a few other places, /l.s* jar
as the Poicrakarmik^ oj Karnataka arc concerned, the Comqnittee has come to the conchirion that their conditions
would, have been jar bettert than those oj their counterparts
in other places, if only the State Government had.
implemented the various provisions oj the Kama I aha
Municipalities (Conditions oj Service = oj Officers and
Servants)1 Rules, 1972. Even now the Committee fervently
appeals to Government to take immediate action to enforce
the provisions of this Act in the larger interests of the
Pourakarmiks throughout •thv Stale.
Wherever the Committee went, it become evident that
cenlt per cent of these Municipal workers, by whatever
nomenclature they are called, all belong to a single community namely Ilarijans. It is suprising that only Sche
duled Castes people throughout the country should hafe
taken to this unwelcome profession as though they are
destined only to do this kind of work. The Committee
members also discussed this question with the various
officers and officials of the local bodies .and one inescapable
conclusion was that this scavenging work was not going to
be done by any other community except the Scheduled
Castes people. The Committee has come to the conclusion
€
0
I
IwI
, These ta. e.l»Us e.e quite .pest isoxn oath «fc a|rgF ~
Si
■
<»
fhi.. J
q
O
'
«
J
.•■'BIx
"'ll '
©5
■■
p
■/f I
"Wl
® •
Part - III
E
A;l
■M
i
i
I
I
p
p
Sli:
n
a
ill
j
4
d
■■•-I
.■?■••• I
kt
' ■'•d
ft
I
S'P
f!£
I,
81
I.
'I
■
0
J
3
G
U
1
G
0
if-’
j
n
a
u
Q
a
j
a
u
i
Q
□
1
?|
■?
■ H
> ::“tf wI
■fe
ry^i:
. di
E
i>T
M
-
t
I.
iip
it
Cb
■
■:i
$b':
r
O''
b,
r
o
*
Q
&
•)
■
I
ijf J'1 that every measure shoul-.l be taken to bifurcate the profesThese two colonics are quite apart from each other an<
present u contrast.
„•v sion and Lhr cash; which have been unft.i I mm(elty linked
y ; together all these years.
. The Colony, where the Municipality has built fre£
With regard to the conditions of Sweepers and Scavengers,
quarters for some of the workers was congested and ill-kept.
As a glaring contrast to this, the area, where the workerg they are better in some places, tolerably good in some other
themselves have constructed their houses and are residing' places and quite unsatisfactory in a few other places, /l.v jar
as the Pourakarmiks oj Karnataka arc concerned, the Com
looked neat, much better in cleanliness and beauty.
mittee has come to the conclusion that their conditions
In Bhuvaneshwar, the Committee held discussions with would.
h.are been jar better lh.an those oj ih.cir count er'parts
the officials of Urban Development Department and the in other
places, if only the State Government had
Municipal Directorate. The Chairman and members also implemented
the W/now..? provisions oj the Karnataka
met the Chief Minister of Orissa, Sint. Nandini Sathpathi
Municipalities
(Conditions oj Service oj Officers and
and explained to her the work that has already been done
Servants
)'
Huies,
1972. Even now the Committee fervently
by the Committee. She appreciated the work so far done
appeals
to
Government
to take immediate action to enforce
and suggested that concerted efforts should be made to
the
provisions
of
this
Actin
the larger interests of the
abolish untouchability which is a cursc on humanity.
Pourakarmiks throughout the State.
Conclusion
The.Committee, has the. satisfication of making a com
parative study of the living and working conditions ol
sweepers and scavengers in many parts of the country where
they play an important role in maintaining the sanitation
and public health of the place. The CommitteevWas very
much benefited by the valuable suggestions and ad\ice
given by such eminent personalities as the Vice-President
of India, the. Prime Minister, the Unon Minister of Food
and Agriculture, the Deputy Railway Minister etc.
Wherever the Committee went, it become evident that
cenlt per cent of these Municipal workers, by whatever
nomenclature they are called, all belong to a single comiminity namel^^ Uarijans. It is suprising that only Sche
duled Castes people throughout the country should hafe
taken to this unwelcome profession as though they are
destined only to do this kind of work. The Committee
members also discussed this question with the various
officers and officials of the local bodies .and one inescapable
conclusion was that this scavenging work was not going to
be done by any other community except the Scheduled
Castes people. The Committee has come to the conclusion
i
BJ
■I J
I
t
«
i
l
• • ‘
;;4'
If'!?
‘
! ':-
H:
■ :I
■
r
JO
140
1
141
; ?
-.. _ ..-.-.^B.,..-^.--J ;J-.O..... ................................... ,.
---.?:-.---------------------
I
f
..... ...
.
...............................■
.
••-••
.. ..............................................................................................................................................
■
f
-
...
■!!
•
c
Itnv •
■
d
i <■■.
!
. ■ w
C
■’■•
1
.■ W'V
c
b-
G
1
Part-Ill
■
’W
<s
I
d
p.' r
■ i
I
1t ■
■ •■
W
■v
•'? ■
I
■i.
/
'
«=»
J. ?-■
■t ’ •
E
p
js
cs
IR
c
c
tK
■i-
c
j
G
i
I
I
<]
'
;
•
•■'
.....................................................................................................
■<
•.
'
...
*iew*>s>
"'J-
______X.
.a
■ill
W
I .
Og
’ Subject.
l^l
B
.»: Ii
■
G»j
i ;.. --
i ■ ■
«
w'-
ttl^K'0CEEDINGS 0E T11E GOVERNMENT OE
'■M;-.■' .>/ ■
MYSORE
■
!
‘
•.
■
•/ -
□4
•* •:-t
.<
hi its .l-Sih lh.p.,,1 llm,l,m:,.ll,il.,i l0
/ (n) The Ministry of Home Affairs sIhhiM lake u nn.rr lisriv
interest and should impress upon the Stale Municipalities ami local
n’n A ,S iP^ uljnu)st urgency that the prncliee of carrying
night soil as head loads be eliminated within the shortest possible
time;
Q^'.
C
Preaviblc—
The Eslinnilrs .. .........
Government ns follows :
?
'
Improvenient of the living and working condi-
ti°ns of sweepers and scavengers working in Ike Slunicjj Hili**
lies
big in I lit- SinU--—~(*?on.'U il n( ion of
..... /in“ ’ (lu?
J owns
a QominiLlec Lo go into the c|ueslion of—
-
(b) Such Municipalities and local bodies who foe various hnnncwl and oilier reasons, may not be able Io inuncdialelv ehanee over
completely Irom the prnct.ec of eanying night soil on' head L> that
of remoMng it in hand carls or wheel barrows, but inav be re.idv
omtroducc the scheme gradually, shoud be encouraged and nllawed
.
Q.
. faancjal aid.
a ;)
*
'J
r ..(2Vi 7|K'Sl? rc'™'nnlS'n'l!lti™s came up for discussions before (ho
Sirr1??,, A' Y;SOrA>
f<,”. ir!,rib»>s Well'are held on i-.t], Oclol cr
1057 under the Chairmanship of late Sri G. li. Pant. Tfoui,. V!i,,\|
“m?"!1.",'’njclci- the Cluiirmnnsliip of Sri X. 1{, Mulk,,,,) A.,’;,
of Par inmcnl was constituted. This Cmnmittre, after -o n ' ■
.
‘'*7"
counrty, submitled a report .tn (ho Government of India
on 26th December 1900 tor acceptance and implementations of
rtcommcndntions. There has not been nnv attempt tn improve the
Mrsngnmllk''0’'klnj: co.',’dltions11 cl'’^ <'f pofrple known as. " Swcelowns in the'lqi‘T‘'S A
'''’ ,111 lllc ""icipn.Iitres and big
>.,/ (. .•
S
,AS n Vs"11 • ‘''I’a'I I'rom th- M'limeipalities «or;
■ k"'«
111
111 this problem. Iliere Ims „„| l„.,.„ ;il,v
•
uc
r
GC
sxliT'of‘"he1 wcKy*
'
c
r
-Xi
,
'
(J
*»-■—
t
I.
143
■» W»^l HIHMwmwrii'LWWT
—»-n— ~ >■—.>»'•
•fj- ?*
r“
>nk
O
•
I
o
■
with human dignity and honour. It may be recalled here the stif?"'
nient of the late Sri G. B. Bant then Home Minister who w],l gf ■
a'hlrc’ismg the conference of Cmief Ministers on Ikd April 1059 saU
report to Governihent fi'or realising the objective mentioned
that he was very anxious to sec that.the human practice of carrv
above.
mg mgnt-soil as head loads, should be abolished completely atvi
m i med lately.
1
1.
.Hid
1
I
,3. We are now. celebrating the 2.5th Independence Jnvanthi
.UK. Ill Ills eoiiiieclmn the (mveniiiienl of India have decided to celethe same by carrying out certain accepted programmes. One
o the progniinmes o the celcbrn.tion.s is of putting an end to the
'.' "’g of night-sod by human beings. In pursuance of this direc
(-,0'l.'l-iimci>t of Mysore have decided to constitute a commitU . to go into the question of the living and working condition.
o‘ peepers and Scavengers nil over the State working in all big
Municipalities and towns lor taking further action bv Government
imfciHc,. inf
Cummillee will lour round the Slate I
■uid collect inlormatmn, data. etc., and make specific recommendsturns to Government for taking action.
'
,a>
a
Chairman
Hie i,i,eoiiiinciKl:i.lion.s of the Estimates Committee nt
li.Il (Oidd not hiive loresvcn ihr growing iiee<ls of the
I heivron- ncees.'sily has arisen now at the present moment
i-;- Hiking ('(niiprehcnsive view of the entire problem facing this
'•■•'-s <,i pwp.w Ji JS now inipvralivc to think on these fines and tn
consider questions, along with the recommendations of the estimator
comimuee. the qiie4ions like improvement of L'lie living and working
condHirm.x. improvement of the environmental conditions, training
mid education I he «;h> dren of these people, starting of nursery and
oilier schools. <*> Ilablishing
*1 I) 11 $ h 111
* * r'rtHeti
•* • 1 T>
. 1_ * .
.■
the
Consunwr* «*and
Banking
Co-op^rat^
Societies and the services more attractive and reniiinerat’ivc’,for anv
class of people to lake up to such services.
J
: Mi?
..
.
r
.
_
o
j
n
a
j
Sriyutlis—
"i
T. !>. D. Snlnppa. No. 7.9, Goripalyn, Bangalore-18.
a
j
Members
'3
'3
3
3
B.lg.KoR“m“l‘“dr“' 01d S“'"r Li“- feMripuraru,
. hlngolS
Mrs. Lakshmi Subba Rao, N°' S4’ G^athridevi
Park,
4.
S. A. MuIIa, Merchant, Subhas Road, Dharwar
5.
B.wsdSoJ™
1"' M-L'A- VpUk«v«l Mlin Koa4
1
a
j
n
.• a
’MWi'
o.
P. p. Bangera, M.L.A., Mangalore,
iv m““ R«’i N-®-
w
• Ax
Mi.)
a
Narayan Singh, M.L.A., Hospet, Bellary District.
s%
j
]
imVb^XT"’
S.
9.
MW'
S. C. Venkatcsh. President, Bangalore Citv DJstnict
t) a
5 dj
N“- ’S' ,5lh
A”a”U'I'trisl>"-'‘. Corporator, Shanllan-ar.
Order No. HMA 152 GGL 72, Bangalore,
dated ^rd. September 197*2.
Ka’i PS;..Jd
C‘M “■
Under the circtnulances mentioned above, Government
ot Mysore hereby constitute a coirnnUtee
committee consisting'of the A s^*" IJ"8Wa’
Caipall, Hoi
ohowmg members with Shri I. P. D. Snlnppa as Chairman,
Ihoiyof Io go ^nto
mto the
flic (|ucslion
(pteslion of the living and working
Y«“«i
re.hw.ull,.pur,
conditions or the sweepers and scavengers all over the State B«l>gal»o'.
vorknitr
in
nil
Ilin
........
.
i
i
oiking all the Mil-iicipalitics and big towns and makes
-ofTefepenee'of"tlr(r€utTiTn1ttec
y— — •
------ Te—
are append-~
............................................................................................................................................................. ■=.................................................................................................................................................................... -.....................................................................
... J
3. d
MW
a
6
j
1
a
--------------
Mw 'rmiaB«S___
......
Sin..*'
...............
*
g
6
a
i
c .
■
c>^ I
H '
• i
tK
e:;' ■
QA
'
•;
c
■
CS) To consider tne reconimciiaauuu;. «. ...^ .............. “■••■■
Kttce of Parliament in its 48th report ami to make reemnmem a urns
iWfor craduallv putting an end of Uro inhuman ami unhealthy piacUtc
as per nile 4 of the New Mysore Tr^'elll"S A1’°^a"ce J"1! Swrrying .night soil as head loads or by physically handling.
‘
N. ItAMACHANDHA Rao,
1057 published under Notification No. Cod. 1168 57, dat^
23rd xVugust 1957.
■
' ®Wi
Deyuri/ Srere I nrj/ tn Gnneriinient.
i,
.
Health and Mumcii;al AdminM-ratioii Deparlnicnt.
4
Tbe Chairman of the Committee shall receive atf
honorarium of Rs. 500 per month (Rupees five hundred!
liunt1red|
Subject.—Service conditions of Class'IV Employees workonly.
iui^ in Local
Kocnl Bodies
Podics Instructions
Instruct ions regarding.
regtuding.
’tv
■ •
iniJ
of
Finance
Bttnodlnrr.
dated
Wlh Apr'd. 197'.?.
CQIHJUl
1
unvv
.............
5.
concurrence
No. HMA 47 ------- - , ~ ..
5. This order isues with the 3135/SIT/72,
dated
IStg
Department vide their No. .I'll ..
.
CIRCULAR
August 1972.
of the Governor of Karnalaka|
Government have gathered particulars from many plnees
By Order and in the name
that
the Municipalities have not been paying the salaries
N. Ramaciiandka Rao,
>‘
of the Class IV employees of the Municipalities on lhe basis
Deputy Secretary to Government, f
of Tukol Commission Report which has been r.cccpted by
Health and Municipal Administration Department,^
the Government. Many of the Municipalities have .been
keeping
these Glass IV'Employees on part time basas for
1
•.
To—
in Mysore, Bangalore
;..|- . many years, without regularising their appointments. .1 he
1 The .Accountant General
•
services of these employees have been continued on act hoc
2. • 411 Secretaries to Government
Statc Accounts Department, Bangalore
:L The Controller, State
basis
resulting in uncertainty of service as well of the bene
-“•••
..f
- 4 The Commissioners of Divisions
fits that should have been made available to such employees.
Deputy Commissioners of Districts
.5 The
•Even the recruitments have been made on ad hoc basis and
(». The Chief Officers ami Municipal Commissioners of Muni^
are continued as such indefinitely and without following the
cipalities.
provisions of Recruitment Rules.
7. The concerned members of the Committee
'I
■
S. The Weekly Gazette
Tn many. Municipalities, the pension schemes arc not
1). Press Table
introduced. Even the Welfare Scheme like, Insurance and
appendix
4
Gratuity for these employees have not been thought oft.
Government is of the opinion that non-inlroduulion of the
H<rhc terms of reference of the Committee shall be as follows.
•welfare measures like Insurance and Gratuity schemes, pen
(J) Investigate the living mid service
sion scheme and non-regularisation of the services with the
sweepers and scavengers working m various Mumcipalihes Town
service benefits attached thereto, non-recruitmcnt to the
Pancbayats and other places and make recommendations to Goyer
services of*the Municipalities as per Recruitment Rules are
ment as to the Special provisions which may be made by Govern-;
on account of the fact that the previous Governments in
ment for thdr advancements ;
power did not care to give attenion to such humane prob(2) To investigate into their social, economical and educational
conditions and to make recommendations for taking steps to accel
lembs such as these.
rale tliexprogress in those, fields;
’
147
IhH
I
■L
■ tr
; i ■'
!
;■!
• •I
-iSi
•>1
■>
V
c
■**r
•C;
I
e.
c ■
uc>
IJ
fl
... .......
g:
I
i ^irrrwiiij
‘
it------------- - --
i *
' j:
'•
ijs;
iU
i’T
iJi't
L:'-f
Si it
.i • 5
■
r
I5’’1
i
I
.1
;i
.
rtwSW 'WmwSTTCE
H-
1 if
After the advert of the present Government which iias’^
1
c
,
service benefits with effect from the dates of their appoint*
determined to establish social justice in this country, lias®
to give priority attention to restore justice to people who'l §5''xncnts. The Service Registers of these employees should be
deserve most. The traditional habit of paying half pay tol :'A' opened immediately and retrospective entries made therein,
if it has not been done already.
these Class IV servants and to exploit them to the best'f
advantage of the rest of the community have got to be put^
■ It is further directed that the scale of pay of Rs. 65’2-95
to an end without allowing any Municipality to continue4?
which has already been sanctioned in G.O. No. HMA 92
such injustice on any reason whatsoever.
-.W
MLR 71, dated 29th February 1972/7tli March 1972
(Annexure 1) the following categories of posts should be
paid
with effect from 1st January 1970.
The ])) iiicij)les enunciated in the judgement of the Supreme
Court in M/s. Aluminium Company^, their Workmen inf.
1. Peons
A.I.R. 1958 S.C. 30 should be made the basis for govern2. Orderlies
ing the service conditions of the employees of any concern
fl. Watchmen
more so of the Municipalities or Boards.
To. quote the $
relevant portinon of the Judgement‘‘there is,-however, i"
4. Pound Keeper
one principle which admit,of no exceptions. No industry <
5. Octroi Peon
has a right to exist unless it is able to pav its workmen at S
(>. Sweepers
least a. bare minimum wage. It is quite likely that in under f
7. Scavengers
developed countries, where unemployment prevails on a ivery large scale, unorganised labour mav be available on A
8. Tom Tom Wai as
starvation wages, but the employment oflabour on starva- 'I
9. Gangman
tain his enterprise without cutting down die wages of his
10.
Ayas
democratic V elfare State.
If an employer cannot main- V
II . Trench digger
tam his enterprise wthout cutting down the wages of his ?
unployees below even a bare subsistence or minimum wage,
12. Caretakers
lie would have no right to conduct his enterprise on such
Ifl. Cleaners
i
terms.
Jn considering the pros and cons of the question '
14.
Helpers
tins position must be borne in mind
The judgement ■'
15. Gardners ■
makes it clear that the employees should be paid well and
i the concern is not able to pay it has no right to exist.
They should also be paid Additional Dearness Allowance
.1 lus principle will have to govern in respect of all employees ’
at the rate of Rs. TO p.m. with effect from 1st January 1972
ol the respective Municipalities. And as far as possible
as already sanctioned in G.O. No. HMA 31 MNA 72,’ dated
the exploitation, of labour without paying fair wages and
29th ■March .1972 (Annexure II). The benefits of the
service benefits to them have to be avoided.
revised rates of City Compensatory Allowance and House
Rent Allowance and counting of Special for Dearness Allow
In the circumstaaices, all the Municipalities, Notified .1
ance, as sanctioned in G.O. No. HMA 9 MLR 71, dated
Area Committees, Sanitary Boards and New Town Boards '
IGth September 1971 (Annexure III) should also be imple
in the State, are directed to regularise the appointments of
mented forth with, if not already, done. Strict compliance
the Class It employees forthwith giving them retrospective
of these instructions shall be deemed to be one*~of “ the
148
.i
•
J
c
Ip C
Cj
3
e
(J
I
I
I w
,|b G
-■
Lit...
I si
13
c
c
J
n
a
d
i
iiiiX
-d
■I.
a
i
£ a
i
If';/ ■'
. :.c
6^.
rj ■ ■■
6?
’
,5...
0/"1
Q.
r>
.
The Divisional Commissioners of I he Divisions
The Deputy Commissioners of the Districts
The Presidents of City-'Town IMunicipalities/Notified Area
CunimiUecs New Town Boards/Snnitary Boards.
*<rhe Accountant General, Mysore Bangalore
rl’liv Controller. State Accounts Department. Bangalore
The Monllily Volume
I•I I
J
i? !j
■J
i
t■
G. SlnnAN'AN.TAIATI,
3
c
■
e?■
i
' f
-
’*-4 7
<
s
■
C
obligatpiy_
obligatpr^; duties impnxcxl
implied on the Municipalities, NotifieM
GOVERNMENT OF MYSORE
Area Committees, etc., and the Divisional Commissioners a®
Chief Controlling Officers under Section 303 of the Mysoro
.
MYSOHE GOVHRXMENT SKCKETARTAT,
. Municipalities Act, and the Deputy Commissioners are®
requested to sec that the above directions are implemented^
150 GGL 72, Bancjuhre. dated Uth Julij 1972
immediately without giving room for any complaints. friW
B'
CIRCULAR
case, the above directions are not implemented, it will beW W
viewed seriously and disciplinary action taken as per tlie®’• ‘fi:.
—Celebration of the 25th Anniversary of Inde
provisions of the Mysore Municipalities Act, 1DG*4 besides^ ■"'Subject:
D
pendence Day—distribution of . Clothes lo
resorting‘ to the
provisions
of
Section
313
thereof.
W
.
•
.
.....
.y®
Sweepers and others.
Separate orders, will, however, bb issued with regard to'M
■ The Independence Day celebration this year has got a
pension scheme, insurance and gratuity schemes etc., appli-M
special,
significance in the sense that, we arc completing 25
cable to the cmjdoyees including Class IV employees of the^
years
of
independence on the 14th August 1972. This
Local Bodies.
.
unique occasion should be celebrated by all the people rich
A report of the action taken in the matter should be sent .*/ as well as poor, and their participation should be whole
Government within a period of three months positively. ^ hearted and spontaneous. Befitting this unique occasion,
Government consider it desirable that all the local bodies
'y/
should
take immediate necessary action to distribute clothes
N. Ramachandra Rao,
to
the
sweepers and their children the cost thereof not
«
Deputy Secretary to Government,
exceeding Rs. 20 per head. The expenditure in this, behalf
Health and Municipal Admn. Dept.
'may be met from the Municipal Funds of the concerned
To—
Local Bodies.
150.
Under Secretary to Government.
ITeaith and Municipal Adnin. Dept.
To—
1. The Divisional Commissioners of Divisions
2. The Deputy Commissioners of Districts
3. The Municipal Commissioners.'Administrators of City
March 1972 resolved to supply the following articles In the
4’
The Presidents of Municipalities,'Sanitary Boards/and 'fown
Boards.
5. The Weekly Gazelle
6. Standing Guard File
7. Press Table
151
E'-IOO
N5%
I
l?i
■II
I
il
f
. . O-
GOXTRKMENT OF MYSORE
•'i
•’
OF THE GOVERNMENT OF
-I ^^PROCEEDINGS
WB
4?'
MYSORE.
MYSORE GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT^
w
^<tSubject-. —City Municipal Council, Bcllary—Supply of
No. TIMA 229 GGL 72, Bangalore,Mated. 3Qth March ID^f
Towels, Bar Soaps etc., to the conservanccy
j. workers—sanction regarding.
'■k »»>«CIRCULAR
Order No. TIMA 4S TMM 72, Bangalore,
:rlI '
In the conference held at New Delhi ,on 7th and StH?
September J972, H was decided that the nomenclature oM
sweepers and scavengers should be discontinued. This#
subject was also discussed elaborately in the conference and r
it vas decided that the nomenclature of sweepers and<
scavengers all over India should be changed In thUl
connection, the Minister for Municipal Administration, has^
issued *a press statement after his return from New Delhi'®’
sating inter alia that the nomenclatue of sweepers'!
and scavengers be changed into u POURAKARMIKARU
i.e Alunimpal Workers.
It is, therefore, directed that in>
1
all the Municipalities and Local Bodies •including
City!
including City$
Improvement Trust Boards in the State, the nomenclature'!
1 •
'’■*
?!
anfl scavengers should be changed to “ POURA-i
b!
Ve'’ MunlclP«l Worker and they should t
oc called accordingly.
/'
G. Siddananjaiah,
Under Secretary to Government,
J
Health and Municipal Adnin, Dept. <
n
d
' ■ Q ■
G
J
. ®
?
G
d
J
•G
d
dated. 7th March 1973.
Read-—
Let h i’ .No., MLN/BCM/SNB/10/72-'33, dated 28lh June 1972
from the Divisional Commissioner, Gulburga Division, Gulbarga.
Preamble—
Il lins been reported by the Divisional CommissioDcr, Gulbarga,
that the City Municipal Council, Bellary in its meeting held on 30th
March 1972 resolved to supply the following articles to the
453 Municipal Conservancy workers on permanent basis and to incur
necessary expenditure for the purpose. Accordingly he has solicited
orders of Government in this behalf.
. • .... ~ .
0) One half Bar of 501 make soap to each worker for cverv
month ;
(ii) One pair of towels to every male worker per year:
(iji) One pair of Chappals to every worker per year:
(iv) Gumboots. Sunhats and gloves to the (30) CmniK^l vard
workers.
•
’
.
buijn^
j
d
a
d
i
G
’
•
‘W
d
ORDER
After examining the matter in. detail Government consi
7 he Divisional Commissioners of Divisions
i ders that the articles proposed to be supplied by the City
o
The Deputy Commissioners of Districts
Municipal Council. Bellary an? also equally.required by the
The Commissioners of Corporations
other conservancy workers in the other Municipality,
4. The Chairman, City Improvement Trust Board. Bangalore/
notified areas and Corporations.
Accordingly sanction is
•V'
Mysore.
accorded to the supply of the following articles to the
5.
..........................
V>Ily J’
conservancy workers, i.e., both men and women by the
Councils/Tow,.
-......... . .......i Municipal
Councils,'Sanilary Boards/Town Boards
respective municipalises, notified areas and Corporations on
and
Notified
Area
Committccs.
permanent
basis subject to the condition that the Munici6. /Fhe Weekly Gazette
pality being required to follow (he usual . ijrocedure of
a
I.
j
u*
n
a
«’
Ml.®*'
6
I
1‘
I/
d
J
!. !'•
To—
’*■;
n
1^
Vwin,.
-'
-tJ-/
j
■
q
„__g
W;l^
-
^«'X
.J
a
3
•••••'•MM*...
• ,•• •
<
■(S'
■
‘ ' ",5Y. '
,
’
• -M.«
• Sj
f
Jr
obtaining competitive tenders, before incurring expenditut
GOVERNMENT OF MYSORE
and the articles to be . supplied should be “at the* scale
sanctioned-----by
the Municipal
The Municipalifj &*'?'■
—
-----------------------*.. .Council.
..
MYSORE GOVERNMENT SECUETAHTAT,
should also make necessary provision every year in th®:
,
vidiiana soudha, bangalore.
Budget for the expenditure in this behalf.
®
p' .
,
, •
,r
1,„R 7>.„.
r.m ^.,1,0
cn.r, m
nneh wnrl^W*
A 21 GGL 73, Bandore, dal.Od 21^ idarek 1973
(1) One half
Bar 501
make soap
to each
worker fqjO^’'
every month.
,
M
CIRCULAR
(2) One pair of towels to every male worker per ycar.g Siibjcct:
(
—Human Dignity Year 1973—
•
Qx
r
m
(3) Two pairs of Chappals to every worker per year.?;
c
Oii
wt
r
-
oz
!
1. Government-is very keen that, the age-old, unclean
1.
(4) Gumbools, Sunhats and gloves to the Compost; and
on( morbid practice of carrying night-soil, as head-load or
the Biannual handling thereof in any manner is eradicated
yard workers per year.
by August 15th, 1973.
(5) Two sets of uniforms to men and women workers;
2. During the 25lh •Independence Jayanthi in 1972
per year;
certain programmes which are required to be given topNecessary amendment to the Mysore Municipalities*
priority for being implemented in the course of the year had
(Powers of expenditure) Rules, 1961 will be issued:
been suggested in Circular No. 11 MA 151 GGL 72, dated
separatly and pending issue of the said amendment, they
26th July 1972. Em ph as s was laid on (i) the Convertion
^lunicipalities, Notified Area Committees, etc., will incur,/, of existing service latrines into flush latrines and (ii) the
expenditure on supply of the articles other than uniform for; prevention of future construction of service latrines, as it
which there is a provision already in the said rules.
constituted a very important fact of the programme.
*?
By Order and in the name of the Governor of Mysore,
t ’
<V
&
<
d.
<>
r
a,.
r
{'
8. Some of the local bodies in the Slide have made
K. Nakasimiiaiaii,
commendable efforts. But it is neither adequate nor the
Under Secretary to. Ciorernnicntf y tempo achieved is such as to meet the gravity of the situa
Health and Municipal Admn. Dept, tion.-* In this connection, the Divisional Commissioners of
Divisions and the Deputy Commissioners of Districts were
To—
inter alia directed to sec that not only the above
1. The Divisional Commissioners of Divisions
a. instructions were given effect to but also lo see if any
2. The Deputy Commissioners of Districts
provisions were to be made in the existing bye-laws of the
5. Tlic Chief Ofliccrs of alt Municipalities in the ’•State
Municipalities concerned to achieve unhindered progress.
4. The Presidentt Notified Areps
5. The Commissioners of Corporations
Ko tangible efforts seem to have been made so far, in this
G. The Controller State Accounts Department, Bangalore
behalf.
Copy to—
•>
Municipal ‘A’ section of Health and Municipal Administration
4. With a view to accelerate this programme from the
Department for taking further necessary action.
point of view of human dignity and decorum, it is impera
2. Weekly Gazette
tive to give the programme the required impetus not only
(3) Standing Guard File
"! by the oflicers concerned but also the non-ofiicials running
154
155
t
o
D
3
rh
'
If .^e owner/occupier fails to do it by 'himself
ZeaWMh?n areas?nable specified period, it should be got done
"-■•^Wlthe.Municipal Commissioncr/Chief Officer at the cost of
t
W4Municip.aI Council and recover the cost thereof from
coiildSitly .£^^ediirfl?'^ ndmi"!St^C!^Uni^p®®
re®peciive
°":n.ers/occupiers as arrears of taxes
mitfi’®5
S'•Hrp.cnprtl
VA nwnarc
sanitation in itsc assessed
area, particulnriy
"the
”
work*
H'
n
^i|fc^
r
®ter
the
^
Iunicl
Pali.ty so desires to provide porcelain
m the manner-in which it main taifWherever the Municipality
«
rca,
particularly
the
work
relatingrsBfeorincetion
with
connectinn
provision of sanitar/priviAv XX
]W L connechn? P’Pes
P<x>r ™d deserving
al.'-enceof such sewerage ZvZ tm ™ -S? :7 m and *
' wh° have no adequate income it mav incin-ucn seneragc system, provISion of cess poo«^expenditure for this purpose free of cost this bein' lim ted
. . /i Every Sanitary privy shall be of the water clJfe^S‘ 50 (Rs> F,fty) each caselo 'al a?en. wlSever" k T avaiX
!?
VH) Sl,"affe WatCr sI10l,Id noL bc aIIo"’cd to these cess
y^.it is available, by the owner or thHWs'-u io uies.
occupier of a. <dwelling
’
house. All of them should
’
directed, by issue
sue of notice that such connections shall Jehi5, , P1? above guidelines are equally applicable in reject
made within a reasonable period to be specified ;
IC lnstltlll.lons maintained by the several departments
J"
l0Cal
Anj.r faiIure on the Part
(ii) If the: owner or occupier of the house fails to ma^'bf
the connection,j the Municipal Cominissioner/Chief
i se institutions in providing sanitary privys or cess
. Q.
mi £” **1' p““°ii>'‘i»”tis ™«s™i___
nij;
I
' ■’■el
J
'•4»*
,
•.
5
^frr»
n
a
j
o
o
X*lt\
••ll>l J
a
j
$IEBut iF
a
Municipal Council and
respective owner or c
l,re
•« «*•
be, as arrears of tax °; C“P’"
ini/ Where
nucre underground
uncierground drainage
£lbove objective may be achieved bv Public
, (iii)
drainag. swdem evicte
daily removal system should not be resorted to Tt ch
A
Departinc.nt ln resPect of all Government buildings
- r hecompulsory
inriiv^nni for
h the 1individuaT
s OuIdJ ^
rever the action contemplated above are neces^ar
ft
be .made
house
comact (heir latrines t<| th, ullutls
gXK 'buMni ]JS.bFai£
1<>ad’ **
at any cost by ^th Augu^:
to comply with th? •?/„■ T, n. . .
, „
im(ructions by any person, should be penalised as per lawd /• 1 he divisional
Divisional Commissioners
Commissioners of
of Divisions
Divisions in
i respect
Hv) Wherever sewerage system is not available
it’l Jnf n; . ,un.lcipa 'Councils and the Deputy Commissioners
available, it
i„„i i---- -------- -J 01 t-Hstnets m respect of Town Municipal Councils should
Mill •'
.
Mill ■■'
a
■ b/
J
Mu, >
,'b-^
S'x;j7"rt
s"“'d •»”“ *
u.», ‘"l.oS “,S,!ia?” !,h°“W P-;?""1 ,or --MSp*' 1073,1 Gove
GP<,v“F°„ninen
“ t will not hesitate to V.
“«u
take a”
.«vkKi“z
■Mii,hV
6
■' b""d'"s' ”ii “ ””Isar- agamsr the erring municipality including
r”; ,156
lo7
. •
•t»rjr| W - •
• '
••
’•^'^-’•ilwt*-
•• *
■
w ■
■ u».
____
."i. w
o
i
.7 '
I r A-i FIf '
..■7
as
1 y> i
w
0
c
o
c
' T^' •
■■ 'W''
i
5^
■'
b
€
0
O
C
r
..
I
tr
w
tm
■
<
;
L
:!•
o
a
e
I:
f
©
•;
h
ff
G
w
(
M? • If'b
E rS'
iSw
^^S'cationally and socially advanced coinmunities by 1 f)7D ,
They shall forward to Government ^onthly.progrk,.
reports, on* or before 10th of each 'month mM'respectw]
.imjplcinentation by each Municipality of the above mst®
Construction of India after whieli •
tipns for information^of Government.
■ •
,.
the constitutional utfcguanlx provided in Hie. (’<>n■
> ■ '•
..
*
WV** will
”*4J '•'V<U3U
V\ exist. . If jmisL experience is any guide*,
cease to
,
NMU
maciiandiia Rao,
scen f-hat. l.bc nu,,h(,ipali(i(‘s have not hccii giving
•
Deputy Secretary to Government ^-.adequate allenlion to I he localities where poor people live
unicipal
Health and Municipal Administration
Adnxinistration Denartmp^
Depart'i'neri ./r4^ t ie dcvelopnienl grants sanctioned by Gowriinivn1. arui
.
_
1 K,r providing more, amenities in the hicahlies
•^°
,
.'j® .•where
■■.where well-to-do
wcll-.b
and influenHal p•.,()pl•;, live in uit/r
The Divisional Coin miss loners of Divisions
'.w disregard to the instruvlions of Government Hni.i. adeciua! <f
Tiie Deputy Commissioners of Districts
amenities to the poorer people should provided for. Bu (.
The Cmmnissioncrs of City Municipal Councils/Town MunicinS there has not. been a. considerable response train Hie .MunieiCouncils.
,
•
S
The Controller of-State Accounts Department, Bangalore .'g! palities in this regard.
The Presidents of City and Town Municipal it ics/Town BoarJ
In the above circinnstances, it is hereby directed that th©
"
and Sanitary Boards.
following
measures be adopted forthwith.
The Weekly Gazette
"
H
(1) 18 per cent of the total budget of the Municipalities
earmarked for civic amenities and other obligatory funcliums
GOVERNMENT OF MYSORE
be reserved for the welfare of Scheduled Castes and
MYSOHE COVEUNMENT SECRETARY
Scheduled Tribes and schemes which are beneficial to Hu.an
V10UANA SOUDUA,. BANGALORE^
may be implemented for their welfare in their respective
No. IIMA 237 GGL 72, dated 22nd June 1973
local areas ; and
(2) any amount remaining unutilised during ,:i
CIRCULAR
particular year for some reason or other be carried forward
Subject.—Reservation of' IS per cent of the budget q! in the subsequent years for its full utilisation in addition to
Municipalities for providing civic amenities foi IS per cent of the budget of that year.
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Urban areas.
further such of the funds as are meant for the general
Instructions have bepn issued from time to time from benefit of the community as a whole should also Lie spent in
Government to the Divisional Commissioners of Divisions such manner as to accord priority to the welfare of the
and Deputy Commissioners of Districts and Presidents 61 Scheduled Castes and scheduled 1 rilies, Hesides, general
Municipalities in the State in the matter of providing civic
assets of the Municipalities like profeclcd waler supply,
amenities for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes under underground drainage, lighting, educalional instilulions,
their respective jurisdiction. Government however, consider roads and other civic amenities of the like should be located
that the welfare measures so for provided to the persons and used as to provide substantial advantage to the Sche
belonging to the Scheduled Castes and 'Scheduled Tribes duled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
have not been implemented to the extent desired. It is
G. SlDDANAX.fAIAlI,
needless to say that Government are committed to bring up
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to the level of other
Under Secret ary do G own men f
■di ■
Health and Municipal Ad-mn. Department.
■1.
158
• ••
J¥1
159'
1
sag
--- --- .- -
»
o
o
■1 /•
1 '■1 am enclosing herewithin copy of the DiO. Letter No.
JID 62. ELC 74, dated 7l.li March 1974, received from the
KARNATAKA GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT,
Commissioner for Home Affairs and. Secretary, to the
VIDHANA 6OUDUA, HANGALORi:. .
• Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, in connection with
No. DEC 21- ETN 73, dated the 21st November 1973 .y the location of liquor shops nearer the houses of Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Hence, you are requested
not to allow any liquor shop to be situated nearer to the
CIRCULAR
houses of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes residential
Subject.—Serving of food and drinks to the Harijans in the
a reasons desire.
Hotels.
Yours faithfully,
The Joint Committee of Parliament during its visit of
Sd./the Karnataka. State to study the problems of Un toucha
bility has suggested that eatables and drinks should be .
For Excise Commissioner,
served to Harijans customers also in hotels and that a
condition should be laid while issuing licences to Hotels.
Enclosure : —
G0V1CRNMENT OF KARNATAKA
' f
A>
'' >■•
[
I:
<
The licencing authorities of Taluk Development Boards
and Panchayats arc instructed to insert the condition while
issuing licences to Hotels and enforce that eatables and
drinks arc served to Ilarijan customers also in hotels and
eating houses.
»
■ 5
Av
I
pp
fa
J. B. ClIAUGUIaE,
OFFICE OF THE EXCISE COMMISSIOXEIV IN
KABNATAKa.
bangai.Oke.
.Vo. E.\’E EXS I 293/73-74. dated the lAth- Marell- 1974
To
'.rhe Deputy Commissioner .(Excise),
................................. District.
Chief XV-MUIBUd
Minister 1LUO
has uuuvpucu
accepted in.
principle the
sugges,.'ZTiie
*4. lie V/UICL
ill yiX14U4|/lV
U11V OU55VP-
|.]iaj. toddy shops should not be located in residential
■ areas particularly near the houses belonging to the members
of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Tie has also
assured that action would be taken to deal with this matter
when excise auctions for 1974-75 are conducted. I requ&§t*
you therefore to keep in mind the assurance given by the
Chief Minister when fresh excise auctions are conducted
drwing 1974-75
* ■'-.
11. _ J.
1.
-»
«_
a 1%*^ ■ « 1
*«. a 4*
1*
1
l» *% zJ -
« w*»
• z’l An I* 1 n
Notification No. EXE. EXS. 1. .341/73-74, dated 19th
March 1974 from the Excise Commissioner in Karnataka,
Bangalore.
Procedure oj Auction and. Terms and CondiUons oj Lease
of the Hight of Retail Vend, of Liguors
Sir,
Siihjeel.— I )isposal of Uk* lease of thv rigid of retail vend
of liquors in Karnataka State for 1974-75.
YWCSSL™?
1.60
.
-1 JI . *
@K
rfili.
. .:F
I
■■■
• ...
•
■'
e? j
•lS->
*
X
;a
fc!k
r'^A- y
w .
T
111-'*
«=>
-.-0
161
r.:
%
•A
e%
w
k'
•p
D.O. Letter No, H.D. 62 ELC 74, dated 7th March
1974 of the Commissioner for Home Affairs and Secretary
to the Government of Karnataka, Home Department,
Bangalore, to the Excise Commission in Karnataka
Bangalore.
Under Secretary
.. •' to
■ Government,'
Jj.LlJ .C. JJcpcirlnient,.-
••5
• yJl
‘' k;
<&n>
in
■■■!
e®
*• "Ij
.
l« P~bel ..nd
■!'
’
- <nataka GovEnNM1.:N.r SI.:citETAI1(« Panchayats and in the office of the Hevemt ?Ltllc'llla?«
'»WA soum.A, BANcAuomc. f Pr°Pcr in their burial ar > mds th ,E '"'1"''
Q . .Q
e> e .
~™.™ JeSksSS a P’S
Jul, lf)74 I
as ssr! A J
A’o. DL‘C ,19 HAQ.
From :
'B bi the budget earmarked for ihn \
°U^
^e1’ eent'
f Castes and^SchedSed Tribes ,!^"?Ifarc ol,
Scheduled
dv
.Ml Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tril
Pe°ple l,e]<?ng">g to
'■gigrounds, in their respective vill'me I ie ° ”Ot ,1ftvmS burial
of the Revenue Deparlment nnd’c:Ilc.officers
'< mentsshould see that in nJ viiL
k"' AV,c] are
gi;he Divisional Commissioners of all DivE
■
lands
or
plots
are
available
"A
cre ^le government
n.« DeP.,[y c^, .MC1S of providing buriaHr^o tSm
C7'mar,<cd
*>-* 1X f
< ment lands or Panclnvat Un c
1 un^’ w!lcre Sovcrn;Sj('| given free of cost for nurnosos
a\ai n ’ e' ^lcbv n,IIst he
“^en^en^
nild “> C!’^
to. Scheduled Castes^ '-here there
.
o'd •
<M
id ■
@o
« .n«2jAnT„S’S’n”’'”Tt
"■'S.eritl..,
«' u>« EEffiWc”<“,it«1 *
St,, ”„,S”1K!
X';’ “'i;
imniejotLs^^eprescmtaVion6
Govei'nj«ent are i
rccdvin^P°U1(I
^^eduled
member‘of .
for these
j
members
of (lie
lands which are used for thnl j
Government
>'eninient;
'
Ca'stes nn Scheduled Tribes the
in al!
the
Cl her unauthorisedly occunied *i ^i13 &r°unds are “
? villages.
other sections of the soS? in^! 16 ?,e0ple belonging
nffins? to
tf > ..T11C Dlvis.'ollal Commissioners
:sjoners are requested to take
nctually cultivating such lam] m.1?, V.1I!aS’e a1^ 'A aie action accordingly.
r ■>/
CK
plfecclii]K of
( j>
*<
p. ■
WispgSis
w’
162
■
en
I
■
Yours biilJifully,
(Sd.) N. Muddahaj Uns,
Under Secretary to Govt. D.H.P.C. Dept.
il63
.
_______ J
-
-... I
-
■■■■■■ .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-
-■
-
-
•
■
-*
Q
ww:
o
GOWRNMENT OF. KARNATAKA
"a
■<W Beast one <wccper for. every 1000 of resident population or
bilee for
^ne mile.
,w :^
far na distance not exceeding
e
L
;'2i
KARNATAKA GOVERNMENT SECRETAB^ ’• 4* > 1 r .
I
VIDITANA SOUDHA, BANGALORE.^& Whe
Dharwar District Municipal Komagar. Union,
- ...... contend that the work of sweepers is only to
No. DPC 16 F/tC 7|4, dated Qlst June .1974 ‘W 1'.^
A VI
. .cep the roads and not gutter cleaning for which separate
category of 4< Gutter Gleanersn to be appointed. The
t CIRCULAR
-iW Administrator, the Deputy Commissioner, Dharwar and the
Divisional Commissioner, Belgaum Division do not con
Subject.—Removal of communal name boards displayed
tribute to this view and opine that ' Sweeper ’ is mearit
places of public resorts etc.
- ‘for Gutter cleaning
1 -• j as weli as sweeping the ro-ads
TJ.T liaS
r
,
r
P
r.
p
»
■
■S
both
COme to
V7-' ♦■
‘'A notice
nntirif- of
r»r Government
I-.n vAvmnflii r that
rhor owners'^
nu’ii
M .
.local"
«
the
-^thn
area..
places of public resorts like hotels, restaurants, tiffin room^
cafetarias. refreshment rooms where the food articles are
Government while agreeing with the view of the
served display communal names boards. This is not coni Divisional Commissioner, Belgaum Division, consider it
ductive to the promotion ’of secular spirit and casteles? reasonable that 10 per cent of the pay may be paid as
society. Government have decided in the interest 'pf extra allowance to such sweepers who are allotted the-work
promoting secularism and socialism based on the harmony of gutter cleaning also and direct all the Municipalities in
of different sections of Society, to discourage display of such the’State to follow the above instructions.
name boards. The .Deputy Commissioners of Districts are
therefore requested to direct the Panchayats under th'eir
By Order and in the name of the Governor of Mysore,
jurisdiction to induce the owners of public resorts who have
S. SlDDAN’ANJAIAH,
displayed communal boards to remove them.
%
Under Secretary to Government,
(Sd.) Jai Rao,
TI.M.A. Department.
Under Secretary to Government,'^
DJ1.P,C. Depai'iment, To—
The Divisional Commissioners of Divisions, (-2) The Deputy*
Commissioners of Districts. (3) The Prcsiclcnt/Administrators/City
GOVERNMENT OF MYSORE
Municipal Conncil/Town Municipal Council/N’otificd Arca/The
MYSORE GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT, Controller. State Accounts Department. Bangalore.
p
•^1
F
IP
I
.r
'•■fe
I
i’ft
ft ■
I -Wk
•?
IB
iilr
1 iB
F
VIDITANA SOUDUA. BANGALORE.
■! i
Hf
No. TIMA XSQ/MN^TUZ, ddted Qth July 1973
!i
I
!
CIRCULAR
Subject.— r.M.C. — Ranebcnnur — Clarification regarding
the word Sweeper.'
•V
' :•
•
uxr...
o
PI
,1 •-
Government in (heir order No. PLM. 258/TFT/62/
dated 9th June 1966 have prescribed that (here should be
o
R
f
ib- •
__J
i
o
0
J
1
a
u
J
o
j
. a
u
n
o
i __Q
iM bi.
S5SS
a
•/ i
K
e*
• '•
:-r,nA.HJOT 0I? J<ARNATAKA
feS
5 J.7^/.
.
-'
ii
cincuLAn
□ 'Ct
r S
p '/ a
erg
, A°' 7)/JC' " /!AC
1 ■
i;
<
p"Oi
©id
„r
y2‘
i
I *
J-;.
Ji
„ld, f„ilit
Economic—
f‘‘W
1
M
X\, Di<.
• ». C,Ko.
,.
«..i,™,
>» >»
I'm '
, ClUldren lo be bu
menls
„
' Sfin”
“ 'Mdrcn « ««d,7ente'"'
““ al
M 0.25 p’
y
Sftes/T"4
Wtobepaidet the „le of Rs
,
O;
-■ .
.fl-«e«">»»*l»«t»ho,!SesuchCe»feX«"nK;j;rt“c
« n . •, ,
CinMiInr hr0, DPC J47 B\c 71
•i
f 8
? g“
Hr *
SubjcM-.—Amelioration
Ip sl riiclions
available ;
Zdfh March
eleven of—
b ; ,O
w ••'■ 2).
'I|i
GnVE«XMKNT SKCnETAft^
WlJHANA SOtipnA,
^lANGAT.OnE.Aj
kauxataka
:v
„,K | c„d; S heSBfeS »“ *p™nt. to Med.,ted
]£.■, ,U.
Attention of the nivk;„ ,
"®,“t ,,J73'H stnrt!^ the n vocal io £1^ ,!',es,tri''I‘ccJ in various skills fo?
Commissioner
Lslnvih',i
^
I
mm
^
sio
ners
Cominissioiier is
tmd DepJ :. (ii) to " T ,inyr’t"t,y nfte1’ t,leil'
t> the ‘•efere7men)SAccord"nJ‘;’'‘tH u"aertil/|
>” the above circulars 1^ tq the i;lsMl
rnm'jJ
Pe^loi?. nuul°™le* t0 "PPear for interview.
........ i‘"’2
supplied^bv^Vie'ro^
of timber to be
C
houses.
r
W
PutxPent for the construction of
t
Cultural
b i'
c
^d-ucution^
* Six“■"■= ‘"iaSiXpSTES;,»x
o
fel
cf kitchen blocks
to the )mnnnnmif1^
(J
iy g^TwXS&af
p":
©'•i
■
conditions: —
for the£
- 1‘3 ruif
n'e 01S^'.ws. subject to I’
e
tno following'
I GO
■
•
' j
constructed by the
*-MOO oSXES^iXrt""'"' A0"' R-' 3““ “
buildings where they nre not «•; • 'On ° coniniunity centre
Social Welfare Dejiarbnent 7 exl;''ll.!ll8'.01- token up bv the
5,000 to Rs. 10 000 )
(conlnl>ution may mnge'from
■I
.167
r"
-TA ? ' -T
O
■~T‘
o
-;-r.
■—
■■■—■
-
-
'3
s
vh
!
■i?
i
•6
o
.• «v
Fl
IV General
Shd•<,7_
W
(i) Sanction of financial assistance to poor.L
Castes/Schcduled Tribes who sutler from chronic diseases^ '?
like Tuberculosis,’Cancer etc., so as to enable them to go tol
the hospitals situated at distant places for treatment and!
also for purchase of costly medicine which are not given free’!
□
a
□
a
■<
■
sI
(ii) Building materials such as tiles, bricks, timber®
upto Rs. 1,000 to eacl^ individual belonging to Scheduled^
Castes and Scheduled Tribes according to the heeds.
(iii) Fire, accident relief upto Rs. 1,000 in the case of®
people belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.!;3. To avoid over lapping of expenditure from more than^
one I?e])artmcnt., on one and the same purpose or for the $
benefit of one and the same individual or village, it is.'g
directed that the schemes mentioned above should be5
implemented with the prior approval cither of die Deputy?
Commissioner or the Director of Social Welfare.
•j
4. The Divisional Commissioners and the Deputy Com-';(
missimicrs arc requested to instruct the Tahtk Development f
Boards in their jurisdiction to see that funds provided aref
udliscd on (he items of work indicated under para 2 above;?.
.1 he Deputy Commissioners who are ex-officio Presidents, *
District Development Councils, should make it a point to |'
see that, the funds provided in the budget of each T^luk *
Development Board arc utilised fully and no amount is
allowed to lapse. These instructions will be applicable for
all for 1st April 1974.
.5. The Divisional Commissioners are requested to send
a report on the action taken by Taluk Development.Boards
in their Division to Government by the end of 31st March
of every year. It is stressed that the instructions issued in ■ ‘
this behalf are adhere to scrupulously.
°
(j. lhe above instructions supersede all the instructions
issued in this behalf previouslv.
J. B. CHAUGULK
J1
168
a
j
n
o
■
®-;:;
ofcost:
1
q
■i
:
•ft • * T
ft
I
•i
■
ll
Part-IV
’1
hj
1
n
o
i
q
0
J
"1
a
j
n
a
•■ J:
d
ift:
;fe
■ fe
j
t
■
fc
F
16
: il-p
n
a
...j
G
d
'•i-
F
a
u
_S :
□
______
■'®v
g;
': I'.®L"
I
□ ?.. i
'
Xi
- c
J ■
*•'
.■ :•
r
. $
d
&/C'
I
‘..i
!i
?:
o'®'
o< 1
c.c yh ■•
fl
-p
• I
c 5'"
uc,
jrW.
OO
r ■
©
,g !? ;The readerjnay remember that some months ago I drew
; public attention to the. disgraceful condition of the bcstis
■ of Allahabad. Professor Malkani haa now sent me his
jjnpressionv^of the Delhi bastis. They are published in the
Hindustan Times. These impressions show that the Delhi
bastis are not much better than the Allahabad ones. There
is the same tale of iridescribubTe filth and consequent
■fe degradation. The scavengers, on whose careful labour
largely depends the health of the inhabitants of Delhi, are
housed
in coPls which are windowless and lightless holes.
'AI cannot to better than reproduce .Professor Malkani’s
■y. closing sentences *:
“ It had been raining very hard and several basis
rhad become quagmires inside and pools outside. One could
not walk, but only skip over stones placed to order or be.
lifted up by sportive scavengers. Wc were a jvirtyincluding some Delhi notables. One entered and returned
reeling, as he walked over unnnmenblc filth. Another
returned, and would not go again, for the bowels of his
compassion had been moved and he felt, like vomiting for
ease. A third wondered how “ these people living ii?filth
bad become fillh-likc , One brave soul living in Dasv
Street, blurted out ‘ Oh I my house is leaking, where is the
house in Delhi that is not leaking? Why worry?’ His
opinion is on all fours with the opinion of many Pliangis,
who think, poor soul, that born in filth the must live a^nd’
•i J." jIth' \VI1'Y wori’-v •Livin£ in n wrld of smells ami
sight^ any and night, the Bhangi himself becomes a. smell
and sight, a human waste-heap. Life in those bastis is ugly,
almost hideous. It is too terrible for over-statement.”
e
p
L*
PA'iiT iv ,
ANOTHER PLAGUE SPOT
■Hr-'.
■■1|/..:,
r
j
■
I
So.long as we tolerate such plague spots and so long as
we continue to treat most useful servants of Society as if
they were beyond the pale of humanity, there need' be no
fonder that wc have more than our fair share of diseases
"
169
d '■■
r
c Ku/-
.......................................
«sgm
-..................................................................................................
.
-
.'
■
c'
WS-5S2’S«,«S^‘
S^SSftfchMaiosfc^^Sta^^cgi
^^tawarr^T^r^ t-:
i
J
a
a,-.
■111
;W
P
steil
H
;R
W
■ft
w
If' ’!
|iU;
gr;'3
r:
fe
■'
Ja ;
i''
.T'..........
d
J
3
0
—
i
I
Tins question ol proy.dmg decent -habitations' for
^he would be able to foeuifneo o^SLnV
do‘?g 80
■:;. nVl'nr.
C
.''
S
.
3.
to
tncklc
but
it
is
fo^
»
conditions
and
thus
p^
’
J
'
U
Iu
•?........... ,‘ v
iiiiiuiis lo iuckic Din it is forL
.he so.-icl.v :1t. large to deni 'with. Tn this matter, therefore^
biig and luxui*ous houses and
t.neie need be no disl.incl ion bitt ween reformers and the? *
orthodox, or between HIndus inui nbn-Hindus. Let us hope® huge offices being built but the real test of the progress
Ill'll tin’ Delhi Muiiiciiialilw now ithat
’ * jts
’• at...............
tention is* drawnfi./ he lives, what amenities he enjoys, what are his inconveni
to the direful (.,,,,ditioA of its l^lis; will waste no timqg
I . . > ences and whether these are being’removeciloo
Vh re
in taking energetic measures and removing
the
disgrace.'^
removma the chsm-nee
you have great palatial buildings on one side and filthv
M. K. GANDHI, >1 bastis on the other it is not a sign of progress. This citV
is full of slums and efforts are being made to clear Hiein
(l?roni ‘ Ilarijiin September 23,1!)33)S step by step. I live on the hope that they shall be cleared
though U is rather taking a long lime. Unfortunately, even'
.!?_ *.ve J1? tb
?!n ^“5 in
in removing them
/■.:clract.c
Jmoidxirhil
’x Sneech
in a Pnhli'^'
‘"3"
ln obstacles
0
Mcetint,from
of SiMcpcrx
Supper,
held Xedirii
at Haniiila
Ilan,hla
Maidan"
ofe 3n7r~;J",'” "•’"«l?“f--other
l/cctbir/
of
held
at
'Mai.dan-'on
------places.
But it is not riffht that
Joiuurij, 19(>4.
■ ■ there should be slums. All of us should have clean places
to live in, more specially those who do sanitation work.
( When yar asked me to address your meeting I felt som$ thp7»e'i!lZie Tj be1eJU ?° Je.n.lanS'led in this matter that
We ancTortr
Hesitation though J like the invitation, I had lieavyj' theie is delay and old conditions persist.
vork lo do wlicih T could not easily leave behind. But Ej
'■ mTn’nnSib011 ^eSIrj 1 lnt ?ve|,y Inclinn mi'sfhave minimum
■could hard y refuse lo attend this special gathering ofiir mdk nnd food, a. decent house to live in. education for his
Jlciz-inorv.' So here 1 am before you this evining<~ children, and health for all. These are all primary needs
AOW It. is embrra.ssmg for me to find words for speakinci' hnvr «ian\»ttOhbe me? v It-’S not lJ1'0Per that .some should
,° ‘I?15*
fnc'k ln this matter I feel somewhat ashamed.?" fA\ ■ 1 4 y Ilouses to live in, as T have, and the rest should
I visited several times, several years back, the places where
face inconveniences and discomforts'. These are the failings
of our society that such things yet continue. I hope these
you live, seeing your huts I felt unhappy and ashamed,.
wil improve by and by. T would like to know that all our
J therelore hesitated to appear before you now and then
and yet be reconciled to your miserable conditions. This'
children are in schools, because nothing uplifts a commu
is our Government and we have our own Constitution which
nity so much as the imparting of education. Children who
provided that our worker comrades and those who are con
do' mm I d’ 1 0
thei1' Hm in a different 'ray
sidered as “low” should receive special care and
nnd prot^cprotec’l2tC1LC-"V
!C-ndl-lr?d ;'•»*
’-y tTl.<;!r P-^
’nts. I, therefore,
tion. U is our duly to abolish this evil of high and low'.¥ 1 •Civ
1 e” >n.v_
« *i';.
’ V*
----a, ujeix’iore,
—.......—..
by hi.rUi and speciaUv to improve the’ condition of
who do sanitation work.
’
■
170
4- .
9<
J
3
(2
0
0
U
J
d
d
a
j
■
'3
a
.I
'f31
j
i
a
■3 ■
vJ
]
A*./
n
a
&’
w
j
a
■
vj
.*• ’‘^
1
1
a
‘
171
■
«
0
J
n i
iUJU 1UW and s?
■ ••■•.jSIybenefit, yourselves but the whole nuit,,,.
d
| gcustoms are .sometimes too old and'wrong. Bv'aboUiing
your
h <such useless customs and by adopting „ood
g
^foTme iohTl’T nnu y0.lU' ^'niL.’ThiiHs not \° pohn
me to be labour but it is obvious that even ch os* who
ence and discomfort. I would request the Delhi Municinafl.li’->;’trL:y°U,r.JV® Lnls,’ers cnnP°L nchieve success unless* they''
hn^n rOtl°n it0 g3Ve sI*c,al attention to this matter—how||v: receive your full eo-opcration.
sanitary workers serve, how they live, what are their diffi!®? '...
culties and how these can be removed. I think it is thp:w ' ‘'7 OBSERVATIONS OF THE E.LAYAPEHI VI-\I
primary duly of the Gyration to build for you projrl
^COMMITTEE AND ITS EECOMMENDATIONS
houses, which are neat'and are supplied with water light
schools, playing grounds and other amenities.
’ g
(The Committee during its tour in various State, h-.rl it
State Go( y t0 V)S/t ?Q,ne °f tllC C0l0nies conslLuLted in- t
wav^nfM0^11 y<?U tho-t it.j? aow p.°ss^^ to improve your'
State Governments tor sweepers and scaven-e • “ „ ' „
■ni no/ri? T”Slby sc,en.tlfic n'ethods. Traditional ways ^ of
the colonies there is no lighting nrr-umtm’m c. .
1L
HI not do. Unclean work can be done in a clean wav and
'
?on.e,in nn unclean way. There are other
‘Pations .also besides sanitation work which you can't'
*
up. It is not obligatory on you to cling to a herediarj' occupation. All Indians should be able to live decentlv F
on. tap is provltlad r<„. tllc „|10(.ftoj™ .1,1,1™^
and work honourably and receive regard for doing it ' Onlv !■
' ''"S
then we shall be able to hold that our nation VimSSt are found to be leaking in rainv season
been
made
in
some
cases
even
for
1.5-20
years.
P:W
'
piogress. It gives me pain to see that although we achieve! *
independence 6 years back, during vvhicll’we did Xh
of tlle nbovo facts the Committee •suggest (he
following measures Jor consideration :
78
E B
1 ■
OS
f
f
I
.I
i
r
■
you iur^nntioL11
liv ?n o n«t)pn
0
v•1
r; ■
r >•
7------------- -
*4V
.
.nd
to rise and along with j
I have often seen that the places vou *
nbtMX
172
arraSnSiS’^e ^foT^ffi n" i'"
fif?
iIf
iftl
!0
a
'■'f
. <6
I. •■•'i
; •r
; i-
it
! :^i
'K1^l°
j
roads, medical facilities, water-teps’^tcl':
colonLHmte'been0built by mo^’of’the St'it''c L'’0 ho',*ins'
'■;{
are very dirty mihvfrinnJo « i .0I.ine otale Governments,
Nnlas’ flowin^’dirty water eSing baTsmill^T ' "T t0
; L)
Sr^rtoS
fS2
si-l'ld
CO« i’^i....... .
:v;•:i;.
^sc more than one member of a family is
mployed m the Local Body rent should
J . levied from more than one employee, nol in an4y case be
rI-
1
. ,A
■w
3 73
id;
a
o
o
3-----
(
ftI
4
y had given them more consideration then bv > nlifttn!
them, others also would have been lifted 1 A'Iore\hm H-. f ■
be'en cured °f Can 110"’ W k"" °l" mi"ds would have I
distinctions’of h?M?e t^'iP 111 the nl?sllcs of caste and its
PT-
|r#-j
’
ba KhavifeSiundi'S
€
<
]) ! 7
all should have equal opportunity.
c
c
’Saji*
I■rf''
I
-
.'i'
'li
■I
.1
•I
(iv) In ho case the beneficiary .shoirkl be asked to con<)S|th^ this reform has already been ordered by Mr. B. Basa|■•Yalmgap.^Hl
tirbute towards the cost of c.ontruction either in the form of;®|
‘Yah.ni5'nP-Pa when he was Minister.
1 shall be grateful to
free labour, supply of materials, etc.; •
the informed of jlhe extent of the implementation of this
,
o
.
. i® ■b{reform.
«,*form.
• ••
i ..
(v) As the intention of the scncme js» to provide?!);
•
’
fy
permanent shelter to the Sch^luled Castes it is not properj’r. ' ( If my information be correct, almost all the able-bodied
on the part of the local bodies to force their employees to't Hicridiers-and even children of the families of scavengers
vacate the quarters after (heir retirement from service.
1 and sweepers work and. earn wages, but much of their wages
is, therefore, suggested ilia I where the local bodies are Dot ?1; are dissipated in the constnnption of toddy and arrack and
willing to confer ownership rights to the allottee, no fund ' not in. the improvement of their living conditions and in
out of the Backward Classes Sector should be given to
education', and healthy recreation.
]l is extremely anti
them for roust mH ion of houses for Scheduled Caste
social lhal Government, should nurse these alcoholic* drinks
cmjiloyees. In such cases (he fund should be pooled from,
as sourc.cs of revenue and auction liquor-shops to the
the housing scheme under the General Sector of the plan.
highest, bidders annually. Prohibition is the best policy;
the next best is Individual Rationing, as in the case ’of
Public life musl be spiritualised.
Opium, of all licjuors, including the .so-called foreign liquors,
like
whisky, Above all, there should be no revenue to
—(7. ZC. Golchule
Government or profit to the private liqour dealers. But
‘’Let us not instruct the public (Jut.
as long as foreign liquors are not. prohibited or rationed
of the abundance of our . . IGNORANCE.”
individually, consumption of arrack and toddy by the sweepers nncl.scavengers, connol be controlled or prevented. If
—III. lion. 1’. S. Srinivasa Sttstri.
prohibition of whisky, etc., involves some scarifce, if it be
** Aloha”
a sacrifice by the better-to-do, they must make it.Jn.^hc
26, Sri IxThhna Hao Hoad,
interest of the poor.
P. KODA.XDA RAO
Haxuanyudi, Hanyalnn'-o^WQl,
Telephone
Gambling, ! gather is prevalent among the sweepers and
Dnted. December J4,. 1074.
scavengers, and involved loss of their earnings. I gather
that it is prohibited by law, but I am not aware how effec
Dear Friend,
tive is the prohibition. In so far as horse-racing and
other forms:of gambling are not prohibited, it is not morally
Cordial Greetings and Best wishes for Ninas and New.
possible to prohibit gambling by the poorer classes. In the
Year from Mrs. Rao and myself to you and family and
interests of the latter, .horse-racing must be abolished.
colleagues. We trust you are all well.
Children of school-going age of sweepers and scavengers
Many thanks for your kind letter of the 5th inst. to me
are, I understand, working for wages. They should be
for my suggest!tons for the improvement of the living and
compelled to Attend school. It may be possible to com
working conditions of sweepers and scavengers.
J am
bine work and education of the children by compelling" them,
honoured by (he kind invitation.
to attend evening or night schools where under personal
fe
c
3
I
'4.J'
’’**S
•a*./
a.
J
5
c
j
c
■Mu'
■
&
"
b
:■
. ■. 44
&-
c
a
j
i
a
□ 'V
——»«»■■■
........
kJ
1
q
.I—.-n
.
? In my «waj2&4
t-soil m baskets by scavengers.
of currying night-:
i
c
d
174
I am glad
inniospn orc.
iney snouia also be provided with healthy
175
.
V-l--,’*
. X ■
a
I
#09.''
recreation like games, trips to places of historic and/o®
interests. In this respect, the experience of the Deena/S|v$
Sangha may oe most useful. .
,
•
r .o*
‘,e
The sweeps bsed by sweepers should have handle^®
1 -- or other material of about 5 feet in length so .tliap
barnboo
?rs need not bend because of the short sweeg|
the sweepers
/hiclj rise the dust, at least part of wheih ial^
they use w*..'
their clothes
and enters their eyes, noses and ears. 4I®
onC;
* ’
sweeping should sweep the dust, to a side on the floor, an<hj
D " >4'
w
not flick it above ground.
rc
oc
bd
ill
Hr
IB?
B.
■i
4
!
i
' !<
Part - V
If either you or one of your colleagues will honour mB
Ah a visit after notice, I will show you the sweep.ty^;
with
have
lvc and how |we
we use it.
.vr.
if
1
If I can thinlk of any other suggestions, I shall be gla;J;
’’to submit them for your consideration.
"'G;
i
oo
cc
oc
o
Yours sincerly, ■
P. KODANDA RAO. i t
Sri T. P. D. Salappa, Chairinnn,
Commit tec on the Improvement of Living..and Working
Conditions of Sweepers and Scavangers,
Manikyayelu Mnnsions, Palace Road, Bangalorc-52.
C W?
o.
A
r
III
•I
!|
!
•1-
•f
■ w
ft?
G O
c £, ■
* 5'th Main, Srirampurnm, Bangalore-5640021
176
•
r
;s5
jpyZ v /.AUs
:
f
With kind retards,
■
■■-.■■
•
...
•••.;-•
:■■■'■■
-
f
>•
-•
■'.I
__ J
(Tel. 8962); j
■' I<1
I
!
o
o
1
I
-J
1
□
□
ffl
I'
■i
&
j j'
<5
'fei
Ib
ft.
o
GOVERNMENT OF
GOVEILNMENT
OF KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
^coMMirri® on the improvement oe living AND
and
i ^PRKING CONl-H'riONS or SWEEPERS and scavengers
o
I
j
■■MMi
-’J
Jl
a
'— —
SffKMStwy-'
'. ? i
0
J
I8II '•■
I■
<■
•
■
A
Chuirinmi;
1
C!
0
3
's^w’'
Sri 1. P. 1), Salappa—Bangalore
W
J
M.ein bcT.s;
2 buil..
SniL Bakshmi
J-zakshnii Subbn
Bangalore
bubba Rao—Bangalo
B1 Sri P. N. Kaniachandra—Bangalore
4 Sri S. G.
(/. Venka I v.sh
call—
——-Bangalore
Bangalore
5 Sri M. Raghupa.tbi
Raghupatbi—Bangalore
6 Sii A. I\. Ananthakri.sbna*—Bangalore
7 Sii P. R. ShaniaiMia, ALL.A.—Bangalore
Sri K. Sriraniulu, M.L.A.—Bangalore
9 Sii P, ]?. Bangera, M.]4.A.—Mangalore
10 Sri Sathyanarayana Singh, M.L.A.—Mospct
11 Sri Konandm’ Lingnppa, M.L.A.—Sbiyamogga V/
1X Sri S. A. A'liiiln—!)|ini’wnr
13 Sri G. P. Gaiijignlli—Dhanvnr
n
a
J
■
sd
d
J
q
. ..
B
M
J
'•^Z
$1
w
n
’w*
6
U
s
........ MMMWWR*
1
a
■w-'T
]
o
...—(J
—z
SZS^SSXSSS^SS^^^SS^
LAV.C. S.S.—LS
*
v. ••
177
|NNH^
"’I
1
v-
Q
j
F
■, a
U.
0
GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA
(G'.O. No. IIMA 152 GGL 7Qt Bctngalorc,
PREFACE
■wIi
dated L
2^rd September 1972).
.g?* •
Hie question of improving the lot of sweepers and sca
COMMUTEE ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF IAVINgH
vengers al over the country has been engaging the atten
AND WORKING CONDITIONS OF SWEEPERS® tion of both of the Central and Suite Government for some
AND SCAVENGERS.
H yeai^ past.. As far back as 1957, the Home Ministry of
'
'
*
* ven,.°A?lnme-1 Oirnnd.Ja ScL up a Committee with Professor
No. -o^lnjuutry lloial, HangaloreA.
.
■ N. It. Malkant as Chairman to go into the question. The
Committee undcrt(x>k extensive tours to many important
Sir/Madani,
cities and collected valuable evidence in this regard. The
As you are well aware the Government of KarnatakdV: £°“!“L.te.e,.„h.ns/!Is.°.-ma.(le V,er-VTY11.1 uableeconnnendntious
°rkWS C°nd!’
No. IIMA 152 GGL 72, dated 23rd September 1972 under1: <ions of Sweepers a^uj. Sea veuge^WS “
the
T. P.
I*. II").
”) Salappn .to suggest way£<
t^e? Chairmiin-stliin
Chairmanship nf
of S>rt
Sri I.
wand-means, of improving tlie Jiving and working condition^
Sometimeplater, the Governmcul. of India again appointed
of sweepers
all over the State. Tt
It is neces-1
necesS a National
_ . and scavengers
..
Commission on Labour which in turn appointed
isary
v to
‘ wg;vc
,c all” encourngempnt
........ o_........ ,.tor . irnrijnns
.... ....... in n>r
..v.,,, ww<a4
L. a CommiUec
general
comS
to study |.|lc working and living conditions
prising of Scheduled Castes and Hill Tribes. This Govern^
of swepers and scavengers in tne changed• circumsfinces
ment
ruent of India have also been using suitable directi
directives from?
rod rrnfST "<Sr! B' K Gajendragadkor,
time to time in this regard.
: ret
lehred Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India was the
The Committee has drawn up a comprehensive Question^ Clan man for the National Commission on Labour. This
naire. 1 am directed to enclose herein a copy of the same! Commission Jias also produced n very valuable report and
with a request that you will kindly 0H01: ..your valuable; has made rceonimcndatmns of a far-reaching nature in the
suggestions and furnish replies to the questions at an^ direction of improving the living and Service conditions of
sweepers and scavengers.
early date.
Si
''«!
1:
q
, q .
c^b’-q
®
If : q I
u.q
rO d
- Ij
r
0'
to If
'
V.t
.
V "q
H -“fii
*
I
1
W
a■ •
©
te*
...
<i Z
I shall also be grateful if you will kindly, make it conve
nient to send 13 (thirteen only) copies of your r.eply so as
to- facilitate its consideration by the Coni mission..
1
178
;3
’i
■«
:
*i?*'^••■a<a»«>l.’..iM.4 w-w
^EHKB^MI
In spite of these measures taken by the Central Government much remains to be done to improve the sad and
Prt’ab e ot of the sweepers and scavengers who have been
nnn ?-| C|
‘Y sociel.v lor generations past and who still
constitute the lowest strata of society. It ' is tliereforo
necessary that emotive and immediate measure/lu ve t be
Stexsw "" ■“ "■“pki"K . . ... * •*
Yours faithfully, .
K. R. Lakshmana Rao,
Secretary.
1
jarr«
a
The Committee shall be grateful if you will kindly send
.your reply so as to reach this office by’25th February 1974?'
c .-I
w"<;
a a
1-" l,° ,,h° "T*.* U'“ i>robl'»'- u>e Govern,
niont of Kirnataka. under tRe dynamic leadership of its
'7
*
179
4
■’
jM H
111
11
li
I
I
II
«
rs
I'l l ;
i
ly
iI
II I
I
r
’:$ H
SI
1
x
o
o
’
-
G
d
I
o
s
C)
.y,
;!•
!h
J.
.
.
■
■’
• •
<71
Clncf Mnijsler Sri I). Deynrai Urs and Hon’ble MinisH
■ QUESTIONNAIRE
lor Municipal Adminisiration., Sri B, BasnValingappa havT
been taking very timely and effective steps to improve thl
lot of tins unfortunate section of the Society. The Covert
?!n!Pc
Body ((>)rporation/City Municipulitw/Towo
ment of Karnataka was the first to abolish the inhum'l® nfunictpahty/Panchayat) ....... .....
practice of carrying nightsoil on human heads’and heh^ WjE;' Population.
they deserve a.11 credit and commendation for tliis’ hobfe ^•S. ■. Area. .....;
uyl.ion
In order to improve the living and working cond^
Revenue per annum i................... 4.
ions ol these unfortunate people the State Govcrnmei^Sra. luujor aoun
^fujor Source of Revenue
have been taking many beneficial measures from time'1
Sir
6.
•
Expenditure
? on Sweepers and Scavengers establishment.'
time, in the light of the constitutional safe-guards aM
guarantees provided in the constitution for this specific puB
pose. In spite of the con^litutionial guarantees and saf^t
guards and untouchability laws, it has to bo said withTcgrO
B
hat much headway has not been made in tins direction iff
•■.:■■ 1.
Mnyor/Prcsidcnl
...................
....
oJicring a better deal, to these people who are still suffering fe
Adminislrntor
.
many handicaps in their lives.
i
Si“ 3. Number of Counciilnr*
hoy the first, time the popular Government of Karnataka! '
4. Reserve Seats
;>PP0intec! a high power Committee under the Chairmanship^ 1
. fl. ConunIssioner/Chivf Officer
01 >1-1 I. I . D. bnlappa to go into this question in
uh iwa
in all
itO^. o. . Health Officer
.
various aspects and make suitable recommendations
ns in
in thin
fbi*™ .y
matter of improving the living and
working conditions
dfl
■*
I UlVlld VI /
swt'epers and scavengers all over the state. Ths.
The sTunmu^
Committed ''
c
is actively engaged in investigating and collecting all rel’^f •
yam. fads and figures before submitting a final report to the • '
I
Government in the matter.
1 Total Number of Sweepers
Men
Women
I have the honour now to solicit your kind co-operation',
2
No.
of
Sweepers
otr Permanent Roll
m aiiswermg the enclosed questionnaire and is furnishing '
on
Nominal
Roll
all relevant details to the Committee in their endeavour to
3 Tn which Com/nunity and sub-caste the
prepare a. comprehensive and useful report.
<
Swoopoi’?! belong to
:
•■
■
■
■
■:A
"
'
<
•
.
C
d
J
G
”'
Oj
■
a
<*>'1
4?
j
ir.....
C
F'
K. JL Lakkhmana KA/b
G
J
c
' 'owy •
■«.
4 ..Motlmr tongue, of....the...Swaisper*_____
fl In which year (he present alrctiglh
«*■• J rave
according to present population and
exlciidcfl arwi of jnrisdidion tn reduce
the. workload ?
(please give full
d
:o
c
fe'•;
%s
d
1
Wk**
q
a
j
G
. :iD
©
J
/O
q
4a
-^3' )
a
I
r
C '> I
W ■
□
[' .
t
■■
' .'a -m4*z . -
h'i
? g" '
8
i nAf*>> in
»n Supers*
NWAAiiaiw1 profession?
i
/.been
.
T
4
rV>. S,^h
.1/'
h
•
r ’ .
i
1
a
£>'■' i
W •'•
c-■ i
10
■':
2
3
;v:
' 3' ■■
‘i
5
C
■,:n
7
nRrrr TiU‘ thc nr°pn-'>tion that if
I-
J
182
¥
4
■><
higher and decent wages arc given to
these Sweepers, people from other comi .V'® soci,el>' "•nnld come.for.LZ Uk
u'ork ft-n'’
this process
nntouchability would disappear? .
.. .
I
@c .
-t
•
scales
to them in View of the risks involved
in
thew profession ? fPlense. sive <letnils>-
1
■W
■
0
rv
■ o
Vnnt am tint safety measures that are in ““
vogue
n‘‘;s iniy survey been mn.de
on occupalional
hazarads of Kweepnrs ?
i ’' .
■
or half i)!‘y ?
8
:
■
-W
I
9
What arc the medienl facilities or aid pro
vided tn the workers ? Have you started
any diKpcnsnrics in the colonics of
workers? (Please give details)
Whut .arc the social security measures
adopted for the welfare of I lie workwers?
Are the workers provided with quarters ?
If so, how many quarters ?
Did yon take fuiniieinl aid from the Scwiial
Welfare Department to construct the
quarters for the workers ?
Are the quarters renlvtl or rent-free? ..
Will the workers In- allowed Io slay in Ike
present (junrtc.rs after their retirement.?
If not. jilease give rensnn
Have you granted nay house sites to the
workers ? (Ptcase, furnish complete
drtntils)
Have you a’dvanccd loa ns t o I he. workers
to construct houses ?
,,
Haw the worker started any Housing,
Credit and Consumer Cb-opcrRtivc
Societies ? If so. wlrat. assistance you
have provided to them ?
JS3
a
■
5<•
i!
fi
!@ TH-—
SS^SSSS.S^Si
r-
:
■ W'
5apu’?~(rien,SC f,JkinA con,Plete details) ..
d.a.
.Du^.'.
II.II.A.
C.C.A.
Txirz.^—.(in flays)
Sick Leave
Casual Leave
Maternity Leave
3 What arc the daily hours of work ?
4 A1K..l,1iyIMl0r';d "'fek^> f^Miolidnys or
two ha If-holidays ?
j
b Arc they allowed Government holidavs ?
° t,Cy gvt wa^ 0,1
hoJidays?
t J-h ’tPu8
lcaV‘ nro fhey . entitled to
7 wr? fuI
j
s?
B'2
1
OC
■'•Il
Ill
^■■<1 Have yon extended Gratuity and Pensimi
benefit to the workers ? Please furnish
full details
^• 2 Is there Provident Fund Scheme for the
■■
Workers
? Please e
give
details
fc ■ :<•...■
...................................... ....
’
”•'••••••’
5.^ 3 Arc the workers provided with free unih
'
forms, footwear, towels
towels, soups etc. ?
(Please furnish complete details)
4 In the past has any worker been paid
accident compensation ? (Please give
details)
i Are""'-tiicre
M,
•>
Hindus borne
on
. : Sweepers \ cstabl&hniehf? ’How
• Are.they .actually doing’Swrepcre.’duHes
or
or assigned
assigned , to
i(> "other'
other ‘duties?
duties? .(Please
give details)
10 Under which Service Rules the £
Sweepers
arc covered (KCSR/MSR/Industriai
dispute Act) ?
n
9&
i
.,u.hv ... u»u Hicuwa.oi recruitment of
workers? Is it heredilory ?
, ,,(^
For how many generations past have they
m'.v^M — U^i? *»;------- -
—Al—; - ;•- :..:i «
1
ij.
o
c
■o
0
a>
*
c
<S
I* W!
1 it:
10
:1K"'
Ts there any Trade' (’idmi of ihc workers ?
I'lease Hiniiish compleh- detail- of the
Union, Office, benrun-. de.
™§w‘’01 S’'"'
I
V
Please, furnish detail.*■ "f Uu: numbe.r of
children of i.Jk» >workrr.s. 'I’olnl No.
Hoys Girl> Averaget sigf group
2
TTow many of the <ruildrrn of workers
attending schools ? ’Col,’il No.
Boys
Girls
3 Tfow many children of workers have
become graduate* ? 'Please? give full
>
1*1
I
:!
fletails’i
4
.5
■ii
VI
L
•i
-i1
o
..i
".I
1
liaye y<m provided ct\-i<- uiuenities sueli as
Community Hall. Radios. Bath Rooms
Uvnlories.. e(e., in the Workers Colo
nies ?
s How many Sweepers’ ci.hmies are then1 in.
your town ? Please give names of the
Colonics
IC<>Y runny houses are in each colonv and
please furnish total number of residmla
Mnlc
Female
Children
4 1 low many water laps are (here in each
colonics
■ii
' i•\\
• •s
:K
2
E
Please, furnish any other relevant details
pertaining to the Living ami Working
(..onditmns of the workers
^hnl are your suggestions t.n improve the
exislmg conditions of the Workers ?
c
ri
3
q
i^i
.
......................... y scaven
gers privately employed by (he citizens,
please furnish complete dc.tn.ils of the
number of senvengers thus emplovod
such MS their caste, sub-caste, origin,
mnlhertongue etc.
5 ITow many prival <?. service Inlrincs were in
your lawn ?
6 Have nil the Srevicc Latrines been con
verted as pm- Government dirr.elivr. ?
If not. please furnish, complete details
for failure lo comply with Govcrmncnl
directive
. 7 If the
. scavenging
« t- work
...... J wjk done bv Hie
privately employed sciivcngvrs.- and if
they nro s(i|| doing ||in(. work. what,
action have you taken to stop thrm
carrying hight.-soil ?
8 How many citizens have yon proMcQUlcd
after Wh Augnsb 19-73 fpr not complymg with the Govvrnineht directive to
convert their Service Latrines before
L'ill) August, 1973 ?
1
r
a''
9 •
■ i
Have you started Cn-rhes ami Nursery
School.- in Uip euloui.., (1f |])v wo’-krrs ?
If so full details may he given
What arc the aiiionitir- provided In (hr
c.hildren of the worker*, for their eduenlion, heall.h and upbringing ?
i-
If so, jviiat Steps have been taken to
nllcrmitc employment
employment, to scaprovide alternate
vengers
v<Wcrs ?•
If°w manv scnveiigcns were employed
' by you
you?? ’
Wl? 4 If the. scavenging work is done by
1
’I
*
• "^l
y
j
•H
d
c
if
j
1
c
?5' ■
E
q
0
J
w
'E
I
a
u
(6
?
M
i
q
.. Mi
H?r!
I)
,
I
>,
•
■
■
■
J
■
ILia action boon taken to ban the carrying
of mght-soil aftnP the IMh of August
as m-drred by (he (’.aviTllinml ? If not,
please
comph-tr -l.-iailx
1
a
(
I
IJ
rw
K&Are the ImMses of Ponrnkarmik.s’ seatin wious jinrU of the town or
Rre they. grouped in a colony ?
W^fX°n1p?n" U ?10"^’
is tIle ‘'^me
s. S1^
to- the colony r*
Ej Are the Ponrn.kn.nniks living among other
■• ' •
. ■ ‘mWai
SUnVEY. ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Om
CVf’o
■
T'.
1
' i.’Ouiuk.iilmiks
Towo
Jp
■■
District. -■
''Lj
■
.-'5
L»
rfi',
II Ponraknrmiks Empkiycd-Male
'»
c*‘^ • •ij i
r>
4
Q
■
■
r G.
dc
■;
& O'.
C 0?
0U.
;i
o
c or
I•
c
c
.
[
■.
III
Cast(\ Groups-—
-
Xante of Ciist'c
I. Mndiga
•2. Miwliga
3. Mala
4. Holrya
5. Vodda.
Voddn
>
7. Bovi
A
Mahar
Mndar .
10, Mochi
11. Chain wadi
1*2. Muslim
13.
14.
1.5.
Afale
Pemale
Total
1 •
■ ' ®8S
s m
J-iis
ronj^
', TcluSu'$j 5/ '.'5 How far
Kannada/
Tclugii
Kannada®
/■.»
..
.
Sii
? h;
■;H'
oU<’•••;••
‘n’Pt
7,B been
,', v“ made to relocnle
them iamong
other Ncclions of .societv ?
If not,; what
the reason for it ?
u,bot is
!?. ’tha
7 If willJn/r
free silos
given,
7 . ........ *ilH'
”!’ J111’10 ^‘”,rnharniik<
...
"f.1!’ g''.’!!l "PJhl!"’ l>i<-sei>t Incnlily ■
mid
se.t.I.le
and sl
M.Io with
will, other c^tos ? If they
are unwilling to do so whal is their
reason for it ?
8 Arc the Poumkarmiks allowed entrv into
torriTiii'«
,
I • ? etc.
,,U-W
temples, lirOnL.
hotels, barber
shops,
’
1 services"?' "rC Nicy' gqtling ijjirbcr, doi/i '
Tehigu ,L .' 6
Kannada'X,
.’k
A5M
uf?
■ :l
>? ■
■:.P
’ Urdu
•9
I
II
■i
17.
15.
V
I
1??.Ilcdl,!c<1 C1, ,L s^!ons, or aJc'lhoy
w ®4.
W
hung separately by themselves
th« ounikarniiks' are
■ • '^1 » • Ifrwhat
is’thc
"
' ’rc^
1«.
IP.
20.
IV.
©L-
Eemaie
1
Pomkannil^V 'V“>O" f°''
I
’.d
lllk’wi''«
.;<■>)
Mh>~ -
■ ®'. •
this profession:
■ 1
10 Has any one complained |.o the authorities’
•I
Ofnv’hfw N/}tivc pl«C(’ of Ponraknrmikx
there they came from?)
Since how many general ions they nre ’in
Ara the other sarliotts of Schethiled Ctista
allowed entry mtn teniples, hotels, . to.? >-
12 Hm nny from tI„. Ponrakurnuks' families
married. onUulc the. caste ? If so
•i h
Unn Vth^1""’ "■'laVS ll--'’Hii0 osi'
siUe the^2rn
."•f
■u
»•»/
o'"’-
,13 Is any official from the Social
■>
Welfare
Px:??"'- VISili',S llu' ^'^armiks'
• ■.:!•
j-r
•I
4
186
’ 1 ■
•yA‘
187
■M:
L
r3
'
»
R;
aS
^^5
mtMWM
fi'
S3
■
1
q
(J
■ '' ". J
Z)
■
I
VII
1
3
d,.;
4
■
5
■ • 'I
■
iql
!<
'
•c&w
;S
■'
Houses i)i tlia Colony
(5
Il.C.C.
roofed
That^cil '
Tile
roofed
Huts
"“■I ? 6
• j.
. I-
Are the above houses owned by the Pouniknrmiks tlmmsv.lves, or arc they cpiurlcrs
built ..by •the municipality ?
If these houses are owned by the J’ouraknrmiks, do they possess ownership
rights over dm houses? Do thvv also
possess ownership rights over the land
mi which these Imuses built ?
Is the locality well laid out. or hnp.vznrdly
encruaclicd upon ?
(а) How many waler wells in the. locality? •
(б) How many water laps in the locality?0
(c) J I0 w n 1 a n y 1 a tri ncs i n th c loQa 1 i ly ?..
(</.) If imy our of the above nol existing
how are the residcnls managing ? ,,
ii/i
Kfc
■fc
Il so, wind arc l.hcir ruin’iousliip with the
head of (he family ?
w!
,Ts any one of the family employed outside
the municipnlily ? If so. wind is ihe job’
ami h.ow much he is <.•11 ruing ?
a ■.
•<
What is (he loltd monthly income nf (lie
family?
S
Is the Inmily mcomc subsidised by r<,arinif
Pigs. Miluhy’Cows. PonJlry. He. ? If
wlinl. nr» the earnings r
I)
Whirl, type of staple fcm<| die family
(Hing ? (Bice/Krtgi/Joln/Wheat)
W
How niait.v iinics.n week million is rooked?
Ami at a lime how much mini purchased ?
11
How majiy jiiiieg in a week
week chicken
chif.km
cooked ? Tim chicken so used, purdiascm! or reared nt homer-
How many temples arc in (he lucalily and
what are the dirties ?
Is milk used III
in II ||\;
Im family?
If so., in what .
inning ;
form ? C’srd in the <*<df'cc or consiinird
whblc ?
o
14
Is cnlfve used by the family ? J.f so, how
many times a day cull'ce. tea used?
Caste and Sub-Casli'
4
Dc.IhHs nj LU ("racy in ihc family ;
<4 dulls
(a) Primary School
(b) Middle School
(c) High School
(d) P.U.C.
Ihe family
Chaim, etc. ?
i
7? oi;:t
Girls
■'
(f) Degreo Course
(f) Technical Course
Iff Does
Mol her tongue
■
’'
)
a
a
1
•..d
n
0
j
<
n
a
!
d
■•'k*
j
own
q
0
•
Hadio,■Han/Cut/
j
n
a
■
16
Does the family own Coms
Tnultry/Pigs ??
Coinfi Tnulh'y/Pujs
// so, number of such animals
17
h any member of the family sulfering
from incurable or chronic*
chronic diseases
diseases ??
(In full details)
j
___
IB' Present JiuTeTO^ie^ nMI^T^rTin................ ..... ..................
amauul)
. .......... ■
19
aiK
;T -
'V
1
a
J
Why 'the Ionn Was
w*
I8S
u
12 Is Beef consmimd? If so. iis 'it. freshly
biilchvrcd or from, the dead rnl.ble?
IS
3
0
is
VH I hi(li:i'idii.al 'House Census
(PI case use sepnridc sheets for each house. Gcllhuf data fw Ihh is
eery fmimrhtnt. for Soeml rontlilloihi study) ■
1
ITend nf dm Family (Name)
..
•Vo. of rc/ddentx in the house ;
Men
Female
Bovs
Girls
Total
n
family
7
' 1 fA
’ -X’
>
■ It
I
R
i|[
members of the
employed as Poiiraknnniks ?
;''-
a
. J
'C5 Flow many:
Tyycx oj h-ousex
Total No. of II01 is(.‘.t
2
/
t on
a
j
. ...............
uic loan
^s-taken? fPmm Ihr Mindcipalitv/
Bank/Socicty/Privatc Money lender) ,.
31
' W I j1'
Al !:i
nd’
r»
I
Which is the ihi]K)rtenl. Testiva.1 if nd how
much spent ou it ?
2G
H any member of the family fulls sick, do
you gel medicine from Doclo^IInkim/
Xative Doelor or .submit <‘ Mudupu ” lo
7.J Z/nrn^ite- CiMtonut
i
*■ 1 •*!.« any male member posserss
posst’ss more
more than
than
one wife? ]'f so, reason for marrying
&d::i
o 'tp! ■
i
Is any widow in ||IP J'liinilv pcnnhlnl
remarriage ?
3
Has any one in tim f,inii|y divorced
nia or hci’/wifc/husband? Whv
•t
How injieb money is spenl to edi'beralo the
mnrnnge of a daughter ? Is dowry given
or money taken from Um grboni side ?
How many days Ihc nmrringc cdebrnlcd ?
’^r
O 1 •■
■
5
r
•»/ ]
■ i
I*
•f
f?
'
J
1'
■
4
<.
■ t
,. --
R!
a
.
fl
0
£
O
■x
•/•t
<
4
-
■: iS
;V
■
■?'
' ’■ •,
190
t'«:
5
t.;
-
r:. ■
I
[Hi
■4
1^;
<’r»'VU4«M4J*k:M rj
1.*-
second tim c ?
p'i
1
>
'
Part-VI
God t
o Qi
(
. w
What- is the. family dicty
5 4;!
c-(;
<*.(
i .
Row many times in a week bath is taken ?
So
.1
'I
1 B
•i I"
How many-persons in the family ta.ke
afcmolml ? And how much apmil on it
per day ?
M How leisure, and holiday.■s spent ?
23
■' ‘V
zy*c/
f
s»
■j-Vi
44*.<A.\
.» .,
f
WL
iI
Iaw
o
p
TS,
w
f
:iq
If’
i5
&
■■
fl F’
ll
®fe :
4 jRIS
r
■
c
5
b
b
PART VI
F
r
L
b
u
Ms
Hl
L
JI
2
Interim recommendations to be incorpo
Crated. ,in the proposed common acts tor
■3 Ithe corporations AND MUNICtfaiitiesTin
.KARNATAKA-STATE WITH REGARD TO IiSro
'H
C
•■*
Vi
■V
■7 V.
■=
1
c
•; 7110 question of improving the living and working condiIJ.'J2ns .Sweepers and Scavengers who arc now renamed as
• .•^our^arnVikaru t,oe3 not brook anv delay. In the
U'M*
l,is quCMi011 ha's ,o
I
&
'S.
o
li
o
f
i
I
•■4
' ;x
II
>
j
5 ,
'-'*'■ 4>'’Yvi hcu
•
•
-
-
-
..
.
...
........................................................................................................................................................................................................ -
c
MlrJ
b .:
uy-
-
c
C
" the .Industrial Dispute
Compensation'Acr'."
“
”the Workmcn’S
Compensation
Act n. ‘
thb °f Ic!7k
mlercst.< more effectively
tn In Jr.OUid bcIrame.d cadrc and recruitment rules applicable
to all the Pourakarmikaru in the State.' In the auotaofthn
sta utory reservation providing for 18 per cent to the Sc e!
duled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, provision should b^
hrrni^rn >-aOn t0 F* prefer?,1CC to t>’e chilS of ’ Poura
hXv&uscaS"1^
52a
;
%
1. Cld.i.nftaciion and Jiecrintinent
z
Apart front the general and .special bcnelH.s to be prodded
to the Pt.urakarmikaru in their Service Conditions thev
M''
c
Vm*’
..TI}e. proposed common Acts, for Corwrations and
Municipahties in Karnataka State should incorporate
comprehensive proposals for economic, social and
nonal advancement of “ Pourakarmikaru ” in addition to the
La^°Ut Sr7cCe Bencfits Provided for other Government
servants of the same, categories. To this end the following
recommendations arc .made :
louowtng
w8
i
f
lac^d
b
'I
vu
’
c
1
'1
'
d
'
■
■
-
--
isss^isgssssssssacissiaqfisiiajssis^^
3
ft £
f
. .-e,..
(1
I
I
M
The recruitment, to the cadres of t “Pourakarmikan^R'in regard to sakirv structure of the “ Pourakarmikaru ”
should be open to all
',1' castes and communities.
“!'T
»®he Committee recommends that the “Pourakarmikaru”
l^who perform such functions as sweeping, cleaning, clearing
Other things being equal, the -dependants of retired:ai_ P'and disposal of human waste and rubbish, etc., should be
deceased employees should also have preference over other?., ^regarded as Skilled Workers of the last grade as their work
in. the matter of recruitment.
’..involves such job factors as disagreeableness and constant
■ health hazard. In accordance with modern thinking (For
. Appointment.'of. Labour Welfare Officers should
' instance, as broadly accepted by the III Central Pay Com
made mandatory wherever ;he strength of Pourakarmiks'is-f mission) the last grti.de . “ Skilled Workers ” should be
riot less than 200 in any Municipal body.
'
’•treated for the purpose of pay fixation on par wrth Ilnd
Divison Clerks-.
2. Recruitment of Leave Substitute
In the present circumstances, the “ Pourakannikaru ”
Recruitment of Substitute Labour should be only for the '
purpose of filling temporary vacancies caused by workers’■. should, be given a starting total salary of Rs. 300 in Corpo
going on leave. Such recruitment of persons should be.made\ rations, ,Rs. 250 in City and Town Municipalities and
only from out of persons already registered in the Municipal Rs. 200 in Town and Village Panchayats.
registers for the purpose. All such regis I ration of persons •'
Since th<?ni/<Hirakni,iv»ikai,ii’? engaged in clearing, convey
* ot filling leave vacancies should be made along with
. persons’ photographs duly allixed in the said registers ance and disposal of human waste, the work on the sewage
An ldeuil-/
identi- • disposal, manholes, chambers, gutter cleaning, rubbish
(photos to be attested by authorised officials). Au
fication card should be ■issued to such registered person with , dumping yards and open drains of any kind are subjected
to serious health, hazards, a Special Additional allowance of
his photo duly attested.
/
20 per cent of their gross emoluments shall be paid to them.
For all fresh recruitments, only the registered persons
should be considered for substitute labour. And in all such
Since all pay revisions etc., granted by the -State Govern
cases, they need not be sponsored by Employment Exchan ment to its own employees also .apply to all “.Pourakarmi
ges. Further, age .restrictions should be relaxed in case of karu ” of Corporations, Municipalities and Panchayats,
• such registered persons.
,
■< automatic and simultaneou& implementation of the -relevant
Government Orders by the. Corporations and councils should
3. Part-time Employment
be made mandatory-and failure to implement such direc
No person should be employed on part-time basis in any tions should attract disciplinary proceedings.
municipality.
Tf such employment, exists in any munici
pality the practice should • be done, away with and such 5. Promotional ^Opportunities
employees should be absorbed in regular appointments
.The “ Pourakarmikaru ” should be eligible for prohnmediately.
.
" '
<.•; motion to higher p’osts such as Daffedars, Octroi Mutsadis,
Drivers, II Division Clerks, Supervisors, WorkEvery Vouraknrmika temporarily employed but having Attenders,
Inspectors. .Junior Health Inspectors, Ayas, Mid Wives'etc-.,
one year’s service shall be confirmed as a permanent
employee.
,
193
X.W.C. S.R.—10,
•
F
fc
I I'
d
ri' -3s.
5e 3
■
b qi
0^-:
O Q'?!.:
C 2- ■
0
c
o
c>
,
€
0w
r
o
192
L
wl
r
1 0?
t .
SB®*
- .
> j
ii:
11
hi
ihi
ffl
iB
|
s„
if
ill
<
I
3I
Ia
'■I?
■
I
i
I
3
i^ss^sassgssaass^':"^-- •
(
...
•’r
"1
O
c
6
W
I
. i
■J
Vs
0
1
; ;?
:. r-
ntil
Ir
:!
’j
if they are experienced and suitably qualified.
Similarly, .in the case of death of an employ^; ' '
purpose suitable programmes of “In-Service” training shSfffl |^OiR.-service
»
^rst family pension, if any, should be
also be devised and arranged.
Promotional opportunity
m$ef°re
the
last
working
day of the month succeeding
should be provided equitably for both men and J IhSSi^atn.';
,°
Pourakarmikaru” for their respective higher posts.ri®
Similarly, opportunities for inter transfer of emplovf?
Benefits
once m every 3 years and further promotions in better nlall
ments of Service Conditions as in the case of other GoveW Whe manner in which leave should be granted and availed
ment Servants shall also be extended to them.
pfjshould be as follows:
.
Since the promo t id mil opportunities to the “ PouO 10 ^2 Three days sick leave at a time without the need
kannikaru are hkcly to be few and far between, Selection^ {o'produce a medical certificate ;
lime scales to provide for promotion to the next hizher^
the ” Pourakarm^karu ” should avail of one
scale after a service of 7 years in a scale should be lai^ months leave, in a block period of 2 years or 15 days leave
down.
(
h'a year for rest and relaxation ;
W\
InJcsP?ct of women workers maternity leave of
6. Retirement
_
.i® 2 months to be suitably spread over to suit the convenience
The age of retirement of all “ Pourakarmikaru ” should'? 0 JVor^efSi s 10u be-granted,without insisting that the
be 58k years.
VAQr3. Notice oc retirement should be given 6 months^ ?aternJty leavc shall not extend beyond 6 weeks from the
in advance of the date of retirement.
retirement.
°
^atc
confinement.
4
*
AW A A U
UA4\
3
H
i I®
'il 9. Weekly Working Days
before the last workmg day of the month
194
succeeding
his; '' In cases_ or. night shifts, the_ employees shall work only
for 6 hours with a rest break of half an hour.
•®li
'■
f ne
1
c
’I
•i
J
ta -
c
d
V'l
''
Every employee, retiring on reaching the age of supeip
3 ';No p°urakarmika should be required to work for more
annuation, should’be entitled to a Gratuity equivalent'tb^ than 5| days in the week. They must be given all Govern15 months salary' at the credit of the employee should be paid' men holidays (weekly, festival and National) admissible
on the day of retirement. His nominee, heir or legal
feral repre?
renr^
Government servants. If due to any emergency,a
racAof hR jourakarnuka is called upon to work on an authorised
sentattve should be entitled to a like amount inincase
death while in service.
.7®. holiday he should be given a compensatory holiday as and
wlien he desires, or twice the wages for such day’s work.
The processing of Pension and Gratuity papers should-b^completed sufficiently in advance of the date of retiremetii' 10. Working Hours
of the employee, r.c., at least 6 months in advance. Failure
’I"J- ^.stipulation by the concerned authority No Pourakarmika should be required to work for more
should entail disciplinary action.
| than 7 hours a day. Such working . hours shall be in two
relays with a rest break of half an hour in each relay. The
perval between the two relays shall be four hours;
c
L3
■
<
7. Pension and' Gratuity
c
c
v';-«
9
■
K
..Ira
Hi
'
c
B•
J
1
c
m'
n
1
.... di
,m
d
1
q
: j
•/
-
J
'j,j
• •'il
(J
I
asiw
3l
V'.'’
!P
r
® ’tS/.- Medical
11. Uniforms and Protective Clothing
2Br'^s ** Tourakarmikaru ” arc engaged in a hazardous ogcu. (i) At present half sleeve shirts and nickers '1l| pation, they arc likely to contract all kinds of infectious
and0 communicable /nscascs.
diseases. They
should nc
be suojectea
subjected io
to
supplied to male workers. This uniform does not’l®!^
i ney snouia
dignified. They should be elven the following : Three si lhorou?11 mcd.K,.al check-up once in three months and m
of Uniforms per year consis’ting of Bush shirts, full len® case of any sickness detected, the concerned municipalities
trousers, two pairs of heavy duty chappals or canvass shed should extend free medical aid till they 'arc completely cured
(at the option of workers') and protective head gear such 4 and taken back to tluty only when they arc declared medi
cally fit. -The dependents of Pourakarmikaru should also..
eacaps.
sf' be entitled to these benefits.
'vC
•c
r
I
" CD
o’
i ■
r
•I-
of’XSSU’Sml8 ’** lhr“ “““ an<i
‘S i .
oW
bn
!r ■
c "O’1;
® Y:®
C M:
{
GJ.:j
J!
r
A
I.3'
..... _
'
zkt present
At
preseni '.i:c
the mu
immicipnlitirs employ sweepers al liic
(in) ror all workers, one set of warm uniform should'rate of orfc hand for‘ a population of 1,000.
This has
be given every year.. This is necessary as they have.'to resulted in hcaw work-load’on workers,
work during the cold seasons in the winter and in Hill an
Malnad areas.
In. addition a pair of kamblies should be In order to ensure cOicicm and proper work from Poura
given to those working in the Hill and Malnad areas.' AH karmikaru. adequate number of employees should be
workers should be given one rain coat each every year. ’’I recruited by every municipality and not’ less than one
employee for every 500 population should be appointed.
(iv) One pair of rubber hand'gloves, face mask arid Similarly,
proportionate recruitment of other related categum-boots in addition to the usual uniforms should be given gories of employees dealing \vi?h the work of cleaning of
attend to clearing, cleaning and disposing o! main channels, gutters, drains, workers on lorries and dump
human waste, work m manholes, chambers, open draini ing yards, etc., should'be appointed.
gutters and refuse dumpmg yards. Further all these fad
lines should be extend to those working in lorries and other Each vehicle carrying rubbish should have 6 workers
vehicles which transport rubbish and human waste.
j as follows : two men to fill the basket, two men to carry
the basket to the vehicle and t wo more on the vehicle itself
.taid So b“ tta :”nd
w“ker! «“ ““"I to empty the basket.into the lorry. No worker should be
p.-;
Li
•I
•j
hi
■J
allowed io sit on. the collected rubbish.’ A separate cabin,
should be provided for the workers to sit in the lorry.
. (fl) One pair of big towels per year;
p) One full bar 501. or Mysore
.An employee recruited to a specific post should not be
Government assigned to work in any other post. This stipulation is
washing soap per month ;
necessary as persons of so called higher castes recruited
(c) Two. cakes of Lifebuo
-----■I. as sweepers, etc., are assigned to work in other posts.
-uoy
soap per month
190
-aii
i -S •
J
. Attendance of: “ Pourakarmikaru ” should not be taken
tn
’I the open air as at present. It should be mandatory for
I
r -
£
-I r
(ii) For women workers the followina may be eiven-
i .
r- ■
I1
I
197
■h
A
4 •'
■""j; •;- ■■? .
o
q
d
J
9;'.n
a
5
■
h'-Z
f
1'
if ■
0it
r? .
•z
n
a
i
10 cons'truct “Muster Rof
i ielters jn al divisions with suitable facilities for lock?? ' by the concerned Local Bodies. Instead of cash dispersal of
change of uniforms, washing and toilet DUrDOw T salaries, arrangements may be made to, make salary pay
ments through their individual accounts in the banks.
.1
!|W,S(I bc X SH1' ,3?
A^. or
95;
"J"--. -
.
< #
-J require
suitable prize annually to
1 areas exceptionally clean.
sgasspas
o
O
14. Social Sccifi'itv
10
»« Life
pritate^noncwl'cnders ?^'1'ak;,rm.ik;,rtl
exploitation by
karmikaru’” shouldS’/o'°Pcr‘,tl,vc societies for “ Poura-
M^p«^
ar£
should be taken for oncihv thls?fiey’
1T1 addition steps
Another scheme which has been introduced by the State
Government known as * Faihily Welfare Fund Scheme ’ may
be also made applicable to “ Pourakarmikaru
Under
this scheme each Pourakarmika should contribute not less
than...Rs.,2 per month from out of his emoluments to this
fund so that immediate relief may be afforded to the family
members of any Pourakarmika who dies in harness. Other
benefits of this scheme shall also accrue to the family
members of the deceased.
15. Environmental Living Conditions
The State Government’s direction, not to locate or licence
liquor shops proximate to the residences of “Pourakarmikaru ’’ should be strictly enforced. And all those in
existence should be immediately shifted.
16. Obligatory Functions of the Local Bodies
Housing---------- -------- -------- *-------------------------------------
d
1
e
d
J
'!
■
d
c
■ b
V5
c
c
'■w>i4
•Z.
JAI-JPA.*
The Municipalities' should construct Community Halls
containing a readirfg room, a library and a handicrafts
section. Arrangements should be made to impart instruc
tions to wives: and daughters of “ Pourakarmikaru ”*in
tailoring, matweaving, coir, work etc. The Social, Welfare
Department should make arrangements for regular lectures
every week-end on social and moral hygiene. Similarly
lady social workers should be deputed every week-end to
these.areas so that they may train women folk of the Pourakarmikas and women Pourakarmikas for maintaining their
houses and their surroundings in clean and tidy conditions.
a
q
•!
q
a
; 1. Zr
j
(-
I
-1
>1
J
•
S
*
-
j
c
—
sfouldybfe- iTiflc|e?'ii- stnl'irtory'"obliCTtioP'”on t
<inci repayments
IDS
duly-guaranteed
r -‘-- residential quai'tcrs
■
•' “ I’anrakarmikaru ” with
factory
to the
..a
n 9.9
,
R
B
other basic facilities like linhtins, water sanitation
|
■’>0'
“
!'■
O’
oc?
?;■
-'C
? 7 ;:;
Hk >ife.--'
r,
^■
tjrw»'
E '<;
3^
I
0^7
M'
t0 the Government or'corpol Conversion oj Existing Service^Latrines
hoSAould VsolSt
MunieipaKties should finance provision of latrines with
karmikaru " have built their huts or 1
u s should
be sold to A’ flushing system connected directly to the municipal underC0^^itRSCtiPriCieS an? khatas transfelwJ'in
’iheiT'^o^f
Cost of thesale value of such sites shall be realised from the * ground drainage or leading to private Soak Pits and Sceptic
where house owners* economic conditions do "not
tion scheme1 ’ai’U
°aSy insalments under salary deduc- •v*'J5 Tanks; such
investments (for the chance suaacstcd). Such
/j financial assistance should be in the form ofsubsidv, crams
0^;
tc?'
or with nominal interest.
If necessary, the State Govern
ment should also extend financial,assistance to lite munici
palities for the purpose.
g
! ?S’
-H
. i
■'it
I-'’
rathS
O^j;
L "
0C’!
t*l
1
C „>
c>
te
. ........................
of charges.
w
’ ...
should also be provided. Wherever necessary,
/M a.: ii « n
'Ha^lfidditicnal tuition.benefits mav also be provided. ' In case
\ / z's
1 ourakarnukaru M will have toi vacate^alof children below the age of 5, appropriate Nursery and
ir.e^^?r •
innnediatejy after retirement, it is necessary®^Creche . facilities with proper medical and nourishment
in mS jLl’lr?-)enden!' slt(Ts t0 tliem even while in service:® Arrangements be made. As far as possible, such facilities
kidr
thait 1 1Cy niay build thcir houses along® jsliould be situated proximate to the places of living of the
side the houses of people belonging to other communities^'workers.
This is one ol the. effective means of achieving social inte.?®| r
kanXru’’X^
^The^Pourakarmikaru
reonim .educational
erh.e.mi^l faci
fn,L
,■, The Pourakarmikaru themselves
themselves require
lities. Adult literacy campaign, the screening of educational
facilitySM akobc v^ed ’^andXS5
°JherfsociaJ.rffi’ms. n^"bc pranged periodically’fo?
/
ana Pr0VIded. .
their benefit. Educational tours shall-also be arranged bv
by
(c) Al vacant places, fit for conversion into dwelling the concerned Corporations and Municipalities for these
sites within the jurisdiction of the. local bodies should S Pourakarmikaru
-------------- '
.................
once a year. It
shall also be’Statutorily
.made available to “ Pourakarmikaru’’ on Priority Basis”® incumbant on these Bodies to make suitable budaetarv
"
Sh?U d bu disposcd of by outright sale at upset! provision to meet the expenditure.
, prices and value to be recovered in easy instalments. . P r<>’
1
--
.
-A-
. ■?* r
r ,
:
.’.■.
.....
...
-
'I
-
A
I
t— ..
' •
>
______ __ * _1 . •
.
.
*
.
CJf'
Misccllaiscniix matters
Iq
eoSS™ sse?shyteist r™1.t,a .1
r>
@
c'-i
■‘■;l
t
■,t
201
.i'
••JS!
—
.
_!
jBtn
1
**
(a) Suitable legislative provisions should also be
made in the proposed Act for conferring all the rights,
pnvilages and facilities to “ Pourakannikaru ” as "now
recommended for implementation by the Local Bodies to
adequate free boarding and lod^in^ facilide^T513^-^^1
VALUH'scholarships, books, station^ ^'St
J oe extended to the following cases : Railways and Industrial
- —7. Defence Colonics. Private Residential Colonies,
roiice Quarters and unauthorised private layouts falling
200
1
Education
?! i:
■
■
■
■
D-.
o- *
II
!i
f I1i
w
w
within .tne jurisdiction, of the Corporations and Munictll
panties, Trust Boards, Housing Board, Sanitary Boards and®’
all such other areas.
S&J
(^) All Pourakarmikas engaged in sweeping and seal
venging etc.,, m unauthorised private layouts, villages etc’®
c°niing within the jurisdiction of the corporations, munici-^
pahties,.village.panchayats, etc., should be absorbed in theF
respective bodies with continuity of service.
!
«
hi? •
■h
i?
' l
b '
L
i;^
b
1L
j
i
.1shoulcl nominate one representative’•
of the Pourakarmikas ’ Employees Association wherever
it exists or of the Pourakarmikas on the respective municipa body with the right to vote in the elections to comnuttees and other offices.
/
(<V) Disposcl of Carcass: Citizens ownina animals'
should notify the death of animals to the Corporations and
rnumcjpa.ities which should make proper arrancements for
disposal of carcasses. Proper guidelines should be laid down
rkerf'S
f°r thC Prevention
misuse and unautho-'
rised use of the carcasses.
(e) There should bc a Special Squad of the local'
bodies to ensure effective implementation of the abolition
•
untouc,'abl,,‘y act as Pourakarmikas. continue to be
haraSsed by observance of caste discrimination in the
matter of entry into and service from the places of worship'
wells, schools, eating places, barber shbps etc.
’
whUi
deSl?d^f-? and “traditional Basavi System
pffJr • ‘ i
5 In Practice m parts of the State should be
effectively abolished..
efforts
should Kbe
made to recruit the Poura1.I "h Spct-jaJ
.! caLcr!cr
!s sl10uld
’ made
karmikas children in defence services and enroll them in
cnnd“? ?a and technical
tech,nical schools on a preferential basis.
industrial
n^SL,.J_nce,ntiyes ,s!]ouId bc provided to the parents of the
Pourakarmikas’ children to encourage them to educate
their children particularly at higher levels of education.
(^) Steps should be taken to abolish the debt burden"
on Pourakarmikas by reviewing their debt positions with
,
T
-4
,.L<
,
--
—v.v.iteW
GV
202
c^2
interest.
M
3
(2J'Gut<fdIari ’ system ^•e-’ tbe system under which
scavenging jobs are entrusted to contractors) should be
abolished and the contract labour should be absorbed in
regular employment of the concerned municipalities.
(/) Special efforts should be. made to ..educate the
Pourakarmikas and their families on the importance of the
bamily Planning and to provide special incentives.
(A') Special agricultural land grants should be made
to Pourakarmikas if they want to settle down as farmers
down retircmcnt or^tbcy want their children to so settle
(/) Appropriate mechanization should
should bc explored
and introduced to minimise, the health hazards, disaareeableness of the work involved in handling, transportin'* and
disposal of the human waste and rubbish and to eliminate
waste of energy.
(m) A uniform maintenance allowance at Rs. 7-50
per month should be,granted to Pourakarmikas to liable
Anmai n!’n •thcir un,iforms in My and presentable
Si
i /-ThlS ls-caused
many industries and in some
sections of Government service.
A,, ^ourakarmika Day ’ should be observed every
year by ail the municipalities to instill necessary awareness
in the Pourakarmiks of their rights and responsibilities,
(o) Salary dispersal should invariably tie made on
the last working day of the month.
Pay slips showing
details of sala y and deductions should be given to each
employee at least 2^ hours in advance.
18. Financial Resources
ZSntefl&th^budee- ■
Should be set aparf
exclusively for financing the schemes aimed
aimed at
at improving
improving
r
?
c
••..I "jif
-uJ;
^4
J
'I
c
c
SilllWp.
q
yuiiiv*
■
o
J
a
a
j
q
a
M
j
1
1
q
_ _M___ y
jj. gj;
0
aw
^©;
r.'
w
)C
1
J J'
tH
Bw
Lf4
O, s"*ii':
c I
CPf
fJ'
1 ’ll
4
If
I
Part-VII
19. Pourakarinikas Welfare Board
I
0
b
i
the educational, social and cultural conditions of Poura- W
<
kannikas.
Lf'
In order to augment resources of Municipalities to meet fL,
lhe cost of. providing the various facilities recommended
'Z
above, it is suggested that apart from securing adequate S'A '
financial assistance from the Central and State Governments 41
a Special Cess on all taxable revenues of municipalities at
the rate of 5 per cent may be levied.
7-
It.is necessary to set up a permanent Board to secure
the implementation of the various recommendations made
by this Committee. It is unfortunate that the reports of
the many commil.lees appointed by the Central and State
governments in. the pasl like the Mnlkani Committee, the
Bafvc Committee, the Pandya Committee, and the Elia
'Pcrumal Committee, cU*., have remained unimplcmenled so
far. Even the orders passed by the Slate Government with
regard to put an end to carrying night-soil as head loads has
not been fully implemented by a number of municipalities
including the Bangalore City Municipal Corporation. The
lot of the Pourakarmikas will not improve unless there is a
Statutory Board to secure the implementations of the
various measures to ameliorate the lot of ‘ Pourakarmiks ’
in the State.
It is, therefore, strongly recommended that
the present Committee for the improvement “of living and
working conditions of Sweepers and Scavengers may be
redesignated ns ‘ Pourakarmiks Welfare Board 1 from the
redesignated as ‘ POURAKARMIKS WELFARE BOARD s
from the date the term of the present Committee comes to a
close and continued with suitable terms and conditions for its
fuhcliohing.
tn-
1
I
1
■a
o
o
ji
si
$
h
H !
'
Mi
iBI
.■.k>
■ii
■I
if
Qi
r?j •
1I
3$
r^-'
•204
•
ftS...
f**<.*■•
r-'*
I
«d
D'/
c
?<
IM
tli»;y
W >' • '
h
0
IAt
'0
: 'i-
■
Part VII
I'HI
c
SUMMARY of recommendations
n
r
Subject:
c
Recommendations
&
General
•'il1 ’
’ . 1* T0^'’ P11; position of sweepers and scavengers
cn\"^Vp-11£ J1'ndu Society is very uncomplcmentary. The
caste Hindus have come to the conclusion that this profes
sion is reserved only for these ‘untouchables’. The onlv
• way of removing such a misconception and at the same time
■I- Varm?vlC,thf St’sma attachcd to the profession of Poura;:.karmiks is to encourage other caste Hindus also to take
up this profession.
—
%b
c
jb
c
•A-'
»
•I
■ t:
' J;
i
o
o
MunkiLEs ttOhehcnsnMiTr °h the uCommitt« that in many
mumcipalilies the caste Hindus who have been recruited
PouPrakaarmik< hS »are nIlocated not their legitimate work of
etc with th.-b SOm-C Other work such as P^ns. Malis
Wlth their appointments as such. The Committed
^vfr -Thh'US .!attltUde and stron£,y recommends that wherC'
nnnoirtS^ whenever a non-Scheduled Caste person is
XT4 aV Pourakarmik he must do his work like o he
of eX d? r -TenSfrS'
tIlc P^nrmiks irrcspecZ
of caste distinctions should be treated on a par with others.
2. The Committee has observed durine its visit to
orr°US<h'°‘iak^odjeu in.tllc Slate that the supervisory staff
ire in the habit of hurling very obscene and vulear exnressions at the Pourakarmiks in general, and to lady Pourakarmiks in particular. The Committee stronalv recom
mends that stringent measures should be- taken
taken aeainst
those
against those
» pb"13
.JW
’jfe
....
....
:C
•ffe
nfe q
b
TB
a
<fe)
a
I1-: .
. ’r^
‘‘J
J
1
d
]
aSl’ nhd-A i as tliie mcrn!?cr-s of ihc public Who use —
foul.., ----• —.——{abusive and.vulgar language towards ('the’ Pourakarm
“
1
iks,................. . ’J\>r
lL. ... \
;
r
q
..
BS ■’ a
ill
■■
LjJ
3. .in .the Government Order on banning night soill
carrying, it is specifically mentioned that wherever the housei
owner is unable to convert his lavatory into flush out type1 |ppointment as Pourakarmiks i^ leave vacancies Ev? 5")
the concerned Municipalities should themselves undertake'^
this work and recover the cost from the house-holder iri$
instalments. The Committee notes with regret that in^i!>
many parts of North Karnataka, Municipalities have failedi
to convert old type lavatories and have allowed privS restrictions aiso should be relaxed.
dcserving cases aSe
scavenging. The Committee strongly urges uoon the'fe
Government to issue specific directives to those erring Local^S
The Committee
Bodies that they should,convert all the old lavatories to <0
W!
karmiks
who arc L...t_str°ngly recommends that all Poura- ’
flush type within a specific time limit failing which they are I
^d who have put-in
a service of not less ---than1 one,, year should
liable to disciplinary proceedings.
.
be confirmed ;
•
forthwith, o
n?* 7he tC?mn?‘,tt?e also suggests that the Education'll'
Department should introduce the subject of public sanita-- c ■ the^ I^Divhdon'aer’-^wiT^th50 S1VC? the P^hnum pay of
lie c^rnfu^am Of studies to~be compulsorily taught
TO the students from the primary class to the-secondary ?
standard, at least one period, per week, to inculcate a sense- .
°LC1V!C consciousness and public sanitation^”---- ' ,f
» the 3
H
f
"V
c* ,
ft
hR
e ->
■'
(K
&'
C"":
O"
i
th
c
I ••*'
©“S
p{'
cP
U)
<■
(
***^
c>
*
'*■* **•’*■•*’•* ‘
A
?■ ■
Service Conditions
I'.?
pI'?
•r
t*' ;The Committee strongly recommends that the Poura- ;
karmiks should be classified as Skilled Workers under a ■
separate cadre ruleFmia^^ireT“^<ralrM3S“given the ;;
. privileges under the ‘Industrial Disputes Act, 1947’,
B-!-'
Bt •
Recruitment
»•*’■'
"”ve’
&Tif^
■t
2. The Committee recommends that after reservin°- 18
ScheduWribef i^mikS’ I?0-tS f°r Scheduled Castes’aid
ocneculea Tribes, the remaining posts should be filled im
by recruiting ^eopiejfrom other communities.
P
S.-The^Gommittee recommends that preference should
i'1
L
,karau^ whiie fiihng up the vacancies of Pourakarmiks.
..... ........ ..
. ■ hr
r.’L -•
yank Md'dispos^"?wS?”tte work'on
<■
&
i
'
’
°[ 7
>” • PanioX S Sg
. ............ _
ZU /
-»•• ••
"■ **
’H vj / V*
V'
r.. •./%/•».• nr.
(i:;
■ ••v.-t » •■>.?< ?^‘-2
•O ’
fg
1U. As dainu the same kind of work for a number of ye
■ mCTgBl1' i.' ''
■>',•.
would both be hazardous and monotonus,, the .
W17?'
The
Committee, has come to the conclusion
that the
recommends iha! Pourakarmiks who are doing , sweepinW|^n ’
------------work may be transferred to gutter cleaning, and helpeS^f^S?1!1*j
should not be asked to work at different
K’
in lorries carrying city's rubbish .and vice versa. /TJus^fp^
0,
, X; The best course would be that the
(•)’■•!’w of work as.signniont should not involve postimOiP9UI,a^am}, should work ^liours a day at a stretch and
vtliereafter they shouldT5eTf&;
should TjeTreeT-------------------------- -—
them out of their present divisions.
. ‘{ $||S|eafter
D
.. Ifl'
11
.
■
•■•..*
'-Mu.'*
j
XAV.a e,Sv—20 --------------- .
.
.
.
■
&
..
■
.
,
£Q9— —
■
■.
•
■
-■
■
.....
n
o
■hili**''
y illt
o
I
t
I®
i*L
!
I
''Mb.i*
j
Q
©
a
J
'Mt.-*/
n
M)..
HKi
. '*K\
If
HI
sit■»'
■^^
. Mi. ■>’
’
(j
u
n
a
V.J
Threejlay^sicliJea^e^
produce* a medical certificate.
c
n
o
©
Mhl.-l/
a time without the need toy V/orkiivj Conditions
’
1. The Committee recommends that they should be
15. All the Pourakarmiks should be made to avail of one ■ supplied with long-handled brooms in order to enable them
monjh’s leaveJn. a..block^pcriod of 2 years or 15 clayHeave i- to sweep stariduig~wtfiduf_bendTng''their bodies.
inJ“an vearTo? rest and relaxation.
.
ic2X^° sweePer should sweep a length of more than
16. In respect of women workers maternity leave of 2 '-\' 15,000 sq.ft, of road in a densely populated area. Likewise,months to be suitably spread over to smFTfie“^flWIience those assigned to clean the gutters should not be made to
of workers should be granted without insisting that the ; clean a gutter length of more than 1,000 feet of normal
maternity leave shall not extend beyond'6 weeks from the \i dimensions.
date of confinement.
0
3. Each sweeper should be given the assistance of one
o
assistant.
It will be that assistant’s exclusive duty to
208
a
o
. j
ll
I
ilf
Hu
11
rr ?' ’
‘^18. The first shift should commence at 6 a.m. and close at
11. The &gc of retirement, of all Pourakarmiks should
58 years, NoTiee of retirement should be given .6 •montlis^ .12 noon with half an hour’s break for rest. The second
batch should commence work at 12 noon and close at
'in advance of die date of retirement.
6 p.M. with the same half an hour break for rest. Those
who are assigned work in the first shift should change over
12. Every employee, retiring on the age of superannualt,’! to the second shift after one month. Similarly, those in
•lion, should be entitled to a Qx^atmt^egui^
the second shift should go on to the first shift after one
months salary al the credit of the employee, and should oe^ month
’s work.
paict onTTTe“day of retirement. His nominee, heir or.legal|j
representative should be entitled to a like amount in case S;
19. If due to exigencies of service, the Pourakarmiks are
^of his death while in service.
called upon to do extra hours of work, it is necessary to
13. In case of every retiring employee, pension .papers^ pay them an extra allowance which is equivalent to double
their usual pay anTanowahces. Invariably no lady worker
shptild_.be_ completed so as to make payment o'f his ffrst| should be asked to do extra work after 6 p.m.
pension Tiefore. tRcTast working day of the month succeed-®
ing his retirement.
- -£ J™ h:
The Committee feels that'it should be made statu
employee, while in service, the first family pension, if any,; ^ torily mandatory on the .part of Local Bodies to grant one
should be paid before the last working day of the month$ full weekly holiday to Pourakarmiks under their jurfsaictlom
succeeding his death.
: vk
■
•'■If.-*''
n
B
it I
C3
if
1
I
" 11
"iff
1
©
■MUliX
MtW.*
j
n
a
j
n
a
----
*
■^x
si.../
(T)
y
j
>
' 3?in!™tiSh a"d P“‘ in(0 '«• '*»*• P»45Wife'
t Kh a"n poisonous gases that exist in the manhole
-t toucb human excreta nor will hk hA i Secondly^
4. It is necessary to have completely closed type dust#'1con ,act n0
wtth the same. The <>as-mfefe fe fS°fehe,come
, P himinto
to prevent overflowing of rubbish.
?P
I J; avoid suffo-cation and also breath 6
to
f-gases inside the manholes.
* °
many Polsonous
'5
inyOk“d^|
animal^shoS^^^^
^cns owning
)C
V
i
The S&SrZ°£l.fe
£e
!!
i&sux»xsto
) >
5-
/
/
><
le J
36
the death of animals in their Xo lv
the responsibility of the j nc->l ife r ’
xiFSx vSvi>
recommended „,til) „( 2,
slrenglk * p^raib.'
3C
■'h
ife
ab"LI1'
Tt ou,ci t,1C!1 bc
c;
for the disposal
unauthorised use of 'carSiilS'brSvS.
<•
well'1
aS%C
Living Conditions
as j&s-* -1
™ ‘ ‘" V£' '“f' N° w"k» <houM be” lo‘”dP to d
••■I
sweeper^ancrTcaveneers'™i'ou’k!
laidoiit mixed locaffl ies ' mid he0
th.ah a11 >he
frc® Sltes in 'VCH
3'iX;;.>nifc i”
r
cP
one otX’oXX™,^
face protection and gum-h0ot< in nrWinX <■ .i c °ves’
uniforms given to a-ll^ her^tegori^
* t,W U8Ual
employers to provide quarters'>o h?p p
>1 »«« U.oy arc ilvlng
toeir
Pournirnrm;! OrnTIttCC stron"1y rccomnicnds that these
Fourakarmiks who arc engaged in the cleanino of
C.«5laby
•
e'
cP .
*»s^h “ffiS’b*»S
. rouramnuk.This leather-tunic will sive him comnlete
protection so that he will not be subject to the inhalation
•P!
______ _______ _______ -210-___ __ _______ _______
—^-1’
«»;»•<;?«! -r-r— •
T* •;
r‘••'«»t i
....
L;0Ca Bodics as
“
g
Si,
„ thc
mmnrenancc of lhe coloofe „i S«XrSdmdSwS“'y
lavatories and wSinliy tortf
X >Wif r ®trce( !ishtfiof water taps. Once a ve ir # fe UI,K 'su,hcten,t number
.
at their own cost should ren ir and#bii Bodl.es ’hc,nselv”
houses of Pourakarmi'rs'
. r antl. "'‘‘‘Icwash (he existing
Pourakarmiks hemXs
” 'f ,hCy arc own^
the
*7?
iii
■,i-
... .. ............................................. *11 .. •• ..... .---.. . ........ .
.
Ml ’■••
£
5. The Committee recommends that Community Halls
containing a radio set, a handicraft 'section for women and «
st
girls, and a gymnasium are constructed in or near the O
existing localities of I’ourakarmiks.•
.®
6. The Commil.tcc also strongly recommends that $
Government should take proper and definite steps to see
that no liquor shop is located near the residential localities
of Pourakarmiks.
IS
7. It should be the duty of the Local Bodies to arrange b
periodical cultural programmes in the localities of Poura
karmiks to provide not only entertainment but also instruc
tion in ihe evenings so that the Pourakarmiks will be
gradually weaned away from their present mode of life.
X} Jhc Committee recommends that multi-storyed flats
or single tenements should be construclcd. In each flat.or
tenement there should be a spacious hall, * a room, one
kitchen und a bath-c^/n-lavatory. Every house should be
fitted with water taps.
9. These quarters or mullhstoryed buildings should have
v
’,
lung space all round.
Wherever
single 'tenements are
constructed, the residents should be encouraged1 U
to grow a
kitchen garden, and where niulti-storyed buildings are
cattle sheds should be provided behind the ■
buddings to enable the residents to maintain cows or
buffaloes.
10. The Committee also'.feels that the quarters should
not be exclusively for Pourakarmiks alone. In these residen
tial complexes other cadres of Municipal employees should
also be encouraged to live. The Pourakarmiks should not live
side by side and as far as possible the quarters of each
\mXkaTkS S!h0U d be adiaceilt to the quarter where a
Municipal employee ot a higher caste or other cadre lives.
11. The Government themselves should construct such
residential complexes for all Government servants in all
towns and cities and see that the Pourakarmiks mixfreely
that among other Government servants.
ilI
o
o.
<n
_c
V
Economic Conditions
1. To eradicate the evil of exploitation the Committee
suggests that the salaries should be disbursed by the
Accounts staff instead of the Health. Inspectors.
A day
previous to disbursement of salary, ‘Pay Slips’ should be
issued to Pourakarmiks indicating clearly their Gross salary,
Deductions and Net Amount payable to them. The salaries
of Pourakarmiks should be put into sealed covers on which
the details of their salaries and deductions are clearly noted
and be given to them as in vogue in all factories.
2. The Government should pass suitable legislation to
impose a moratium on the present debts of Pourkakarmiks.
Steps should also be taken to sep that Pourakarmiks are not.
put to any harrasment by their creditors.
3. It should be made a punishable offence if any Govern
ment servant indulges in the exploitation of Pourakarmiks.
|
€
■ . a
It
oiIot
I l!I
Mil-*
•2)
}g!
K
w
’ s
4. The Committee recommends that the Local Bodies
should give a guarantee for salary deductions so that the
Nationalised Banks may come forward to give loans on
easy conditions to Pourakarmiks. These 'loans may be
spread over a long period and the amount recovered in easy
instalments.
?! 'S.'
lin
I
6. The Local Bodies should, themselves take the
initiative in establishing ‘Credit-cwm-Consumer Socities’ for
the benefit of all Municipal empliyees including Pourakarmiks.
212
____ _____ 2ia,________________
o
zll’PX
'Mill /
o
...................................
■..................................
. <1
C
®
c
1
,-*w\
d
1
3
Is
(I
3>
f
c
Mite*'
-rtBPK
'la
1
C
>•1.1-'
I
5. The Pourakarmiks should also be persuaded to contri
bute to the Compulsory Insurance and other savings
Schemes.
C
/•’•Wh
wM
jj
■
•
h
K^iliriv'u
vv,“;:?uvv. /^vHimcnus .jnai meir working hdurft
be so adjusted as to allow them enough time to hayel
\ and c113nge of clothes. It should also be iQl
mandatory that they should not put on their uniforms after!
working hours. All Municipalities in the State should make!
provision for depositing their tools and uniforms in the!
Mumcipa Offices themselves before the Pourakarmiks gol
ut of duty. They should put on their own clean dress andl
'tlieSstreetCn< n6at picture of themselves as they walk intol
ivi i wunimt, ui<
Iw
l^frlThe Public Health Department officials should visit the
^urakarmiks* colonies regularly to educate them on moral,
Oiysical and social hygiene. They should arrange lectures
la&chWi shows on diseases ill-health, infantmortality.
•
{.4 5. The Committee also recommends that Government
^should set up an Enquiry Committee by the Public Health
Department consisting of medical experts to go into the
?c
. Government to J question of occurance occupational hazards and diseases
"connected with Pourakarmiks and make suitable recomendatake stringent measures to put an end’to “Basavi sys’temT’S
tions to remedy the situation.
in the name of God and religion.
Y
' *
-I
..•Si
ft
•'
6. Those Pourakarmiks who have to enter the manholes
3- The Committee strongly recommends that the Social■ w
Welfare Department should see t0 U that the Pourakarn^ 1 are subjecting themselves to great physical as well as mental
S^hnv
hygiene by tak'inS daily bath> periodic '8 hazards. It is necessary that the concerned Local Bodies
insure their lives and pay the premium themselves.
cal shave and washing their clothes as often as possible.
4 should
'
® ■■
:n
Health
of41!T^^S<lLeH-n?K1r stat“toriiy incumbent on the part
periodic!! meiS i . Subjccl their p™r!*armiks to
Or}Ce in thrcc months by
Thrt
n°t below the rank of an Assistant Surgeon
The concerned Local Bodies should bear nil these SiS
r9'
' bldgSts68
•
their actual
«?“ boVtea!
■
C )■
SUitable Provision
i-
'4•V'"•'
■ mu
the
■if
II
■d.-
4;
'
t
. 3. It is necessary and incumbent on the part of Govern
ment to extend all facilities to the children of Pourakarmiks
upto the age of college going stage by way of giving free
clothing, books and hostel facilities.
<
pny full pily an/allowances' to Pourakarmiks during
o
f
2. Government should construct Creches, Nursery and
Primary Schools in those localities where the Pourakarmiks
V live exclusively for the benefit of Pourakarmiks’ children.
free treatment because of the environmental factor!!
crtncp^H6^120’1!0! ^ese Poilrakanniks who fall ill
Education
1. It should be made a punishable offence if the Poura
karmiks do not send their children to school upto the age
of 14 years. The Education Department of the State should
also be held responsible for non-implementation of this act.
v.
-ft
4. To complete their educational career successfully it is
necessary to arrange periodical educational tours in and
outside the State.
214
■I
I
J
215
•tv
qp
• ■■■•• -■"*•
'
•
-
------------
.
-■■:.■
- •
-v........................
-
-
.............. . ...... . ...
4
-..................................
• o)
M
f
I
W-
J
!? ’
I
0
Hr
5ihl
fer
ft.
it
ft.
';! Jr
"1
■T
■J
’aft:
j?-'
Ai :!
W
is
:V!
■1;
i11
a
ft
I?
_
As a. measure of incentive and encouragement. ’rieS
Pourakarmiks in. this educational drive, for regular attend f grounds.. It is-also necessary to press into service all publi
dance of their children in schools they (the parents) should! ft city media like the radio, films, posters,-pamphlets and wellbe awarded a special! allowance of Rs. 5-10 per child. Anaf ft•y. ■ written books.
in those cases where the children of Pourakarmiks excel othefi
Political Representation
students in their studies as well as sports in an outstanding?
manner the parents should be given an extra increment-ft
1. It is necessary that the interest of Pourakarmiks should
immediately as a measure of appreciation and encourag^|
be 1 epresenled in all Local .Bodies, SUilc Legislatures as well
as the Indian Parliament. As far as the States are con
cerned. certain number of scats in rhe legislature should be
6. To infuse a fresh spirit of enthusiasm for higher!
reserved for the representatives of Pourakanniks’eilher from
education it is necessary on the part of Government to hold
the, reserved constituencies or from the general constitu
out spccihc assurances that the educated children of Poura-'
encies on a demographic basis. In respotft of those States
karmiks will be provided with suitable jobs in Government '
where there tire bi-mmeral legislatures at least two repre
benu-Government and public undertakings.
A'f
sentatives of.the Pourakarmiks should be nominated to the'
Upper [Iousc\ 'fho same principle should apply in respect
ot the Lnka. Subha and the Rujya Snbha in the Indian
7. It must be made mandatory on the part of the “ Adults
Parliament also.
Education Council ” to initiate suitable programmes forieducating the Pourakarmiks.
»
T Family Plaiming
8. It is obligatory on the part of all Municipal Councils!
1. After getting three cliildren, every Pourakarmika
to arrange periodical lectures, film shows and other cultural £ should undergo a vasectomy operation. In addition to the
programmes in the Pourakarmiks’ colonies in order to widen
usual reward paid by the Family Planning Organisation the
their inlellectual horizon and to make them lead a better '
concerned Municipalities should pay a reward of Rs. 500
kind of life.
to each Pourakarmika.
’
tr
"1 J1'" Uonnniltee strongly recoinmends that G Old-age
Homes for Pourakarmiks should be opened in all District
Head-quarters where, the ailing and disabled Pourakarmiks
will be looked after in a satisfactory manner.
?'
10. It is necessary to educate the people by publicity and I
effective educational campaigns because ultimately all evils ’
are rooted in the mind. Therefore, the minds of the people i
should be disabused and they must realise that untouch- >
ability is a crime on social,, moral, political and economic.j
Trade Unions
1. The Committee opines that wherever Trade Unions
or Pourakarmiks arc formed the authorities should recognise
thenr on nierif and" sir^llraTd-exlehcI all facilities to the
Unions such,.as office accommodation, etc. At all times/
.
°
O
T
. \
■1
c
c
c
‘'A
tad
c
!m2
iJfj
g
O
E
c
c
L
c
9. The Committee has also recommended that the Edu- .
cational tours shall also be arranged for the Pourakarmiks '
themselves in batches by the Corporations and Municipal
Councils at least once a year. It shall also be statutorily.
incumbent.o.n the Local Bodies to make suitable provision •
m their respective budgets to meet this item of expenditure.
216
O’
Old-Axe Homes
.......
....
217
•
J
■ s
c
niP
' E?
I
Im
<3
is Aj
......
IlMOl
^.rrr
r
“
.. IF <
f r..
F
«V'<w
.•».
the splinter groups on jpolitical
" '
'tWJ
"‘l ih®
ideology should be dis-'W
area wiI1 be Hnblc to a fine of Rs 25 for the fire* *•
lie Local liodu'.v Hinmvnh/Ac «.kA..u
nnr*.
:___ t__ _
-
o ior the first time
!h
r» s
•
remit the same Io the account, of the b’nion in any bank.
■ ?'|!i
Cr0"1l”itl?c r=S?mniends ‘hm I he authorised repre- :1 karmiks will be liable to a fine of Rs 50 for each oTenc^^'
the Councils.
*’ Uni°nS Sh°l'ld bc "^’"‘ated to 'P
9. The Shop keepers who throw rubbish on the street-
■ I;
■I.
rxxxxoC"rakarmib wiu
Z'4\
Pub/ic Sciiiiiation Byc-Lciyvs
k People Who throw rubbish (... thej’ubl.ic streets will
be .liable t<>a line of Rs. 5 for the
. firsl
“ offence,
~----- Three such
repeated offences will entail a simple
imprisonment, for one
week.
Qfr1'
X
2. Tho^c who allow their children Io defile the nuhUe
MrhlS tr'^1 1001 l’at,'s wiH be liable to a fine of Rs, 5 for
each ollcncc and may be enhanced for repealed oli'ences.
■t
inkJ|h0S? :ldultS
rT 5 fornr 'r'^m0
i;
comnii< Public nuisance by answer1 hc. pi',b,ic j"’'11 bc liab,c lo a hne of
or
a finc'rf RiiXfc/oX'Xcel" S!r"'S
(j
5. Those owners of all kinds of vehicles who park the
area
bv w‘ pubhc thoroughfares and footpaths and ifoul
the
:""
»w«»
D ..
■
10
ni;,inlitin Kalyan Mantapas and Hotels
should make their own arrangements but if they do not do
so, and allow the users to throw used, leaves in the public
streets will be liable to a fine of Rs. 50 for each offence.
.
Financial Resources
1. In deserving cases the Stale Government, should
financia assistance to those Local Bodies which give
financially handicapped.
wmen arc
I
i
2. The Local Bodies themselves may
i
levy an Extra
Special Cess of 5 per
•RSmST.* 5 P"
wiWnlhd?
pi
l■p}
UW'
n-mnfTlnfL<Cal BodiCS may ,?nliancc Ia,ld asscsment to an
Meat of 5 per cent all residential quarters 4"'
15 pur cenl in respect of non-residentia! buildings. ’ ‘
. 'it
5. The Local Bodies may impose a Special I evv of
!■?
'■r;
P;
6. The Local Bodies may levy an enhancement
of
IO per cent on oil restaurants and holds.
4
•bm S" x*?;'."Sik
'"e "c,roi d“,>' on
7. The .2'''"
<
C.!L.0f .bl^alloes and
who tie them in ..
of
public thoroughfares and footpaths» and causing pollution of
ix
1xTiXT*' ““
@z...
/•
01
materials jn pubNc streets and footpaths causing obs^iictton
A;.J? to
/'PMrucuon
to the
the normnl
normal nrftviiine
activities of the buhlic is’wnnTT'
1''"
,------------------------------------------- —tjyg-----
219
■---■■
x;
|L'f
i .lT,v.~trr-'-• *s*
.............
:d
•’ J ■
.
...
...
_
..
.... .
14
. ...................
'hi
.w:is
............. ‘"•■■’xnnrrT??
Pourakarmika Day
agggjgggi
W-'
'ft-
•
Sir'
•i-Wl
The Committee recommends that Government show;
declare that 23rd September, the day this Committee
•J-.
constituted, or 22nd February each year as Pourakarriityf
Day throughout the State.
•
i
.*■)
if
jh
#”
c
^1'
Welfare Board
1. ft is necessary to sei up a suitable machinery free froin
the clutches' of official red-tapisom to supervise the im$&.
mentation of the various welfare measures. In order to
achieve this objective there is no other way except to set up s
a.fully‘autonomous and financially independent Board to be
called “ Pottrakarniiks Welfare Board
’1 ‘
Part-Vi II
■•■'.
.«Wk
■I
c
o
5
•<'
p'
■ V
■Ir
o
o
• ifd'.
b
a
<
4
c
■'uii/
V4
• .!•?:
F
f-V?
■H1
r
Il
if J
ii
!?,. u
ft
“*
■
o
4
©
©
■ c
o
G
©
-i1'
^idt^
a.
.
f
o
c
o
'•V-
I!:-
■
o
j
O'
.
:•: b
220
Ml,»Z
. J
"I
1
■a-
>s
o
C -*
p
4-’
□ tr
/.
Q
c Cjf;'
1. The professional caste Bhangi despised on all hands
and kept at a distance even by the" other Harijans, has in
cities and towns come to depend upon scavenging work, as
the sole means of his livelihood, and considers the introduc
tion of the flush.•jsxsjtein as a calaniif/'trnd“nbt'als aMclive, rance'."' He has naturally ho.. incentive to' improve the
quality of. the work, and the curse which has befallen him
and his casje. he considers as ..a. .privilege...jar ..A. valued
monopoly for his caste.
Such is the cll’ect of custom on
mah.' He has liltrc'aspiralion to enter other professions or
occupations and attain a status of social equality. The
new born indcpendancc of the country has not affected his
way of life and method of his work. ' He has accustomed
himself to take out. .trickling baskets and overflowing pans
of night soil, and carrying on. his head the contents’poured
in a bigger basket or drum and is not complaining much
about the condition of his work.
o qp
• M
■
■■■
o
•
c
u
c
r
l!
2. The caste in Hindu society, is still the most powerful
factor ip determining a. maxi’s dignity, calling or profession.
You will not find such a rigid caste system anywhere else
outside India. The problem of night soil disposal exists in
•
•
M
W
ri
:h®
IS
is
i
a■
4
is
ririt
Hi ’
fS
rs
’M
if
;?sit
i ii|
221
- i
r W
t
r
~
The Barvc Committee .1948-5]
Government of Bombay in 1949 constituted “Scavengers’
Living Conditions’ Enquiry Committee” under the
Chairmanship of Shri V. N, Barve. The Committee in its
report has made the foilowing comments on’the conditions
of sweepers and.scavengers.
c
<
o
EXCERP'J'S FROM THE REPORTS Or VARIOUS
CX)MM ITTEES
r qi
r
PART v?n
/4-.
■'I
li
fl
v<feU4iM.v*. a
■tO
,.O
;©
'g
®: 1
^>ry c.umiry,
bin itil iiss j,,
.lk)ne that
lh, seavenainn
^ery
coumry, hm
in India alone
»«P»>S are ensured lo be ll>e ezc-eieeZ®’8■*> ffithat he regards his work to which his caste is condemned,
gnot as a curse from which he should extricate himself but
» imdliK of . ir,
Of *W* ’** '
•^as a privilcge^or preserve, which he must protect. .Thus
i«^.
:i,|0||cd lo s<imc caX;”& f
wlienbtefash
,^,n
. - - —— - system
newly
introduced
a town, :the
• (O icmoval of carcasses and Skini34
r
- -----is the
— measure,
.........
, as itin would
^•Bhangis,.
‘protested against
take
, I hem, (-) tanning ol hid'-.s. (3)
.
)
manufacture
of
leather^
i
awa
.
'
y
5
Y
hat
they
h
"
lve
c
<
)me
£o
look
upon
, - ------ — ----- v.rw.i as the only source
1 goods.
(■•I) sweeping‘ ol
of s(reels
streets and (5) scavenging^
livelihood.
Theynot
have
notcourage
much conr?
..,
------i
?
i
1
•
1
r?
i
have
much
to seek another
Vi liCl'V arc nil occupations
which arc’ quite
'I'1
’
.'*
'■'OOVHUtU
mgV.
"
........
v
*Uiujr
essential
to
tM’
i
In
flcId
or
factory,
they
will
not
be prepared to do a
well being of the society, but as 1.11CV mvnlvA
A ■ ’■'niece
nf han!
xvnrb
«at
t tthe
k3 same timc ^no^g fun weI1
they
involve
the
physicar
P
ICCC
hartl
work
a
°d
a.i-i'j.aig of dirty ,,r quickly pitirefyinr nititt-er’
that no person of another caste will do it, he has no fear
> no
of competition from people of other castes; he has become
his dignity.
therefore lazy in mind*and body and callous to his own
h J?" Ss!no a‘? "rV hiSh ’ nnd '|OW ’ but the BlW' condition, he wil not educate his children, because their
future employment as scavengers or sweepers, is almost
privilege of
«»»
-eusuSS lol, "bofiTiS
assured.
Thus.both the work and the workers have suffered
Bhan-i or his i
dr
the Haialkhor
of Upper
UppcJ Indfe
Halalkhor ’of
Indian
insanitation prevails and for want of proper dif?oosal of ^ta ot Bmhar and the Madaru of Madras
So hV night soil, the country loses valuable manure also. -‘Though
.‘.j'.vngtng and sweeping.
People of some of ' the scavenger has been doing the most dirty job, which.the
others will not de, still the society is not grateful to him
—> or •
A kind of mutual ?
ight soil;: and js not prepared to pay him well.
slavery
has
arisen.
Thp
society
has
become
a slave of the I
Tr,,nt or;
Bnangn because th?y have to take from him whatever kind
Maharashtra-.
■evevH c-,.K1!w‘1di m the Karnataka.
There are a few; • of service, good or bad, he renders and have to encourage ?
haWiaiH
111 ' 3CCS WhicI1 are disuut from the original !
him by small tips every how and then. If he refuses to J
worK, some other person of his caste or a similar caste has i
to be procured 7rom other places. The Bhangi on his part. i'
. .i
,3. fhe result of this unnatural a■
has become a slave to ’the society, always despised and often
arrangement has been
i I-paid, but. helplessly wedded to (he work. He sticks to
"-N mt wwk ana will not even think
the work though his living conditions are bad, the condition
general become callous about the Rh™™’’
uVe
of work is inhuman and the conditions of his service
miserable.
01
,Sf
Sir
» A «• 4 —*
•
J.'}• •
s»w,nw dfTr*■*
the law wil
4. As the scavengers .and the sweepers have been a des
pised community, it is not surprising that the living condi
tions of these workers are, on the whole, at present ver}5
unsatisfactory, except in a very few places. As, however.
^ie. sn?jA?..!!on.
Jienlth^pfJ.he. cities and. towns, depend
u Sv ”( him ° SOI?COther kind of work-
222
a
j
a
H
j
•
a
a
«
1'0
I'H
M
iJW
"h
ffl
*
q
i
’
J
n
a
j
n
a
■'wt'
?
<j
j
i;O5
igit
q
iW
NH
nf
■iB
•
c3
J
n
a
j
n
a
------- aJ
W u.'i lull 1 I ligms
{
re^i3^^»aSKi3eS;.’es»i-'3ffinE55>“
•’
■»
223
0
J
r W|
$
o Si
a
i
®a
f, '!
et
&a
c
i .
0»
0
18Pr •• • •■ , '^""
o.
enge^ and sweepers as temporarv
- ■ bj 18eo^anditheiPublic Security Measures Act; .1947) 'it mus® l|eniployees and therescis.avalso
a tendency to engage part-time
P1? advantage in keeping temporarv and par1-nTUtS 25that k is n,ot neccssa^
that ca^e toPgive
(proper.hying condition to. all. conservancy workers.'
[W1? ii Pay or dearness allowance and other benefits of
bermanent service, such as earned leave, ma eS leave
'■'5. The Commitee also found, that' in some places/'thefeW lES,„£ynd’/tC\ This tCndacy is observable even 7n
was a ccmplaint on the part: of the scavengers, that unde® |Govempent departments as appears from- the replies
the excuse pf slum clearance, they were being ousted from®
n
llC-1 ■
kbeen ’? their. Possessi°n for a long' time.® Lhave. been made in recent years to reduce the number of
It is not proper that such a thing should happen.
' •■•'• ® itemporary scavengers and sweepers. But still the number
1^2fra^Pthaat-emp °yeeS might "e ]arS£
™ ™Snd
' . '
•
We, therefore, recommend that Municipalities should be»v
t ie n?t!er ^nci should not allow a scheme for slum® i
V,
A
scavenger or sweeper in the emnlov^f ’
clearance, to be made an excuse' for turning out scavencers-M '
■
FT the iund which thfty ha^ long occSS
as siteu of their houses, but as many of the icavengers.andS
fore^ij-as ^S5’bl® should be given plots of the same land®
F-LTTI?a-K2^®Claia “OUTnew"'plam"
■
feta rT„?-DiSfriCt Mi" S«P«»»°”e«r S
EgBgSi—Esa
t ■
.6. ,There, are. one or two things .which remain to be>
G
considered m. connection with the condition,of wo* of the r
sweepers,. ltT$ found that some Local Bodies require the®, went suspensions in the ab^nce* ot snK’n'Tcawe by AU
C w ■
swee^rs in their empioy to bring their own brooms and I
baskets This; £ unreasonable. Again the practice> ofK t
to^health h0Thiwms ’n ’ b?ndlnS Position is not conducive i.
@
to .health. Therefore- we recommend that—.
’ • “ B Sui k a.ll“dance ’"“™i's,!inleir'S! ’buV™
!
4 J2)
^c.a^ bodies should supply all the baskets 1
..
(
required for work to th^weepers in^i?|
e- p
c
*1
o
i**/1
G r-w
r
o
o' k
b
Z-,1
t %
so t£\i brpoms 8Uppl>d 81wuld' be Joystick brooms,!
ing.h 15Weepcrs may n°t have' to bend down while sweep. |
;' '$1
7. Thp first question is connected with the question of t'
the question of ,».■
wages, because there is a tendency’in Local’Bodir_ _Jies —
to keep A
224
■i
■ B
•
L L-
i
L1
r&”
fl>_
| r
fr
>
Ilf
11
t
(.. h.
1
SB
iIII
ft
II
tI
I
•■S;
h.W.C,S.S.«-21
225
■iii
i
........ .
□
o
_______ ;□
I
I
«
I
|
I
;*:.
f
I
t
I
I
I
I
t
t
’-Mitt
oh life and for increasing the efficiency ef work, of theWg joil is still removed in the most primitive manner. People
scavengers - ■
....
■
| ji Western countries do not carry weights as head Toads even’
(a) Provision of good housing, preferably of their®| jf; they consist of valuables or' eatables. They always carry )
| loads on some sort, of a vehicle failing which they lift them ;
1
ownership. The scavengers and sweepers should be encou-Wt,
!Son their ofbacks or shoulders but not on heads which' enjoy
raged to. take advantage of PAV.R. Scheme No. 219 aniW'nrite
But in India, the tradition has been for
have their own houses.
wi the scavenger to ,carry night soil on head and if .he is advised
(b) Improvement in the condition of work..
not to do so he comes out immediately protesting that as
(c) Decent conditions o£ service.
."<|t his, ancestors had been doing that, he will continue to do
(d) Special efforts to' spread literacy among adcltJ^1 accordi.nS1y and so wjfi his children and grand-children.
continuance of this practice of carrying head loads is
and to advance .the education of their children.
due not because of society alone but because the scavenger
(e) Holding periodical classes in batches to
has also been equally responsible.. The doctor and the
principles of hygiene and methods of good work.
^•rurse. also d?’“dirty work and sometimes handle filth but’
(f) Creating self-respect by holding physical drillHyet their profession is one of the most dignified in sociey.
; classes for youngsters and youth, encouraging them to ioi^j0a
^" ~
'•
Being
so, why should not ----we strive
to make the profession
■ common gymanacia and Home Guards etc., and makingt1 of scavenging at least as clean and dignified ?
them to share the common fife of the citizens.
.(g) Encouraging “them’‘16^
occupations/ - ' 2- The response to the questionnaire in the beginning
’ which do not require a long training, such as motor drivingj -was
"" very slow and it was felt that the Committee
... would
■■ .. .
| tailoring, carpentary, cycle repairs and motor mechanic, 'j ' have to wait indefinitely for the replies. Moreover, from
(h) Awakening a sense, of duty among the scavengers:’ the', replies already received, it was observed, that the replies,
and sweepers, by making them realise that they ousht tor were too formal and in fact many of them did not give tl^e.
correct picture on which the conclusions could .be based.V "
render “ full work for full pay
The
Committee, therefore, ‘ decided to visit a few'impor
1 :
(i) Holding prize distribution ceremonies for reward- tant towns
different States for studying on the spot the :
5 mg good, regular and efficient work, as also progress in7 methods of in
scavenging.
The physical .study of the problem
‘ literacy, education and better living.
revealed that its magnitude was much greater than as
i
(j) By confining promotion to the selection grade or originally anticipated- at, the time of the formation of the
- to the grade of mukadams, to the really deserving workmen. Committee. , The conditions of scavenging have been found
somewhat different from placp to place but in almost all
II. The Malkani Committee, 1957-1960 :
> places, were indescribably insanitary. Th& conditions at 9
some of the places seen were so nauseating that a Jew. of f
Ministry of Home Affairs in 1957 constituted ‘Scaveng- the^ihembers, inspite of having become accustomed toi
mg Conditions Enquiry Committee'’. Prof. N. R.i visiting the filthiest spots in the towns,-had vomitings. Ar
Malkani was the Chairman of the Committee. The follow few, of the. to wns tin. .the,. ..country .were.- so filthy- that - they I
ing are the excerpts from the Committee’s Report.
; could; as. well be called f Big Latrines ’. The visits of the .
Committee to the. various
towns proved verv useful
in th’el
• E In7W0t}e;C0U^ri«
v--------------------- -Fuunv vFHnvH. ™
tur
igh public "opinion', was aroused'for compeh
improved methods have been introduced but in India, night' ling the authorities as .well as the citizens to’think seriously
226
227
■>
a
•’
j
n
a
j
?
^.,1
o
a
3
Bi
d
J
d
33
a
o
Rj
j
'Mil
'te’l
!H
H
d
1
a
3
a
a
j
n
j
1
Q
-U
■
U
I
meat of scavenging conditions:...... lUL
sanction’grants or scrutinise ^v^.non
proposals from the
7„:._
iwp3'andethe°cond’f^ impJ0YiDfi th® methods of scaySb^011?.by •tom.alongiith^^^^
wlLn
5 S .:4
ri
-
- S
D B
B
&
c mLy
?B
? E-
i ?f
.01«SS
c P‘
■ Much uare sfehirT k» .’iL°r ^^nging and scavenseHSfent™!
c
SSs3ESS®3=-
Od-v
b
-■■■■
<vcr L
p-
.328
• Ji '
:J____
" :..-.<-r-
,. *
f ’
•1 • '
vU-^-
$h r—.........
1
..•
.
...
_.. .
..
■ .-•.. -
I
II
■nJl
3® ■
■
w
J
I
Lr
■'$
M/
1|'
It
Ji
1
iffl
EH
of the Ministry of
•omawmty Development, and Co-operation can also tender
para<SOme of theirschemes, ii possib^for
Particularly those who may be
> and also help
C?' '*vPi
' 4Kni .'
fcsrss “« &
.S“.
ssj-sj
fil
..
Sv's#
swB
I
c
o
with
Tribes and oth^^“c^Ta\S oT^
'wTlko1?!^^”06,
have be“ maki"g Progre™ in evlll India basis. There are so many other items of work which
^ave no ttme for him to concentrate on the scavenging
As has 5Ire,acty been Pointed out, the probelm '
JSL.Y^HP.tts.mP.oot5 to be solved. Unless concerfed'''ahd'
^tant efforts hreffi^rOTare bound to be very poor
'?X!ndt^G0V!rnmenlS lnd the Local Bodies take it very
offiL r d° 1
much fttention to this problem. The
Pfficer from the Centre can be a very good and stronr
factor in this: set up. ■ He;can, besides formulating policies
'he
iniPlenient them, go on rounds in
and thWd T
conlPie^«"of*'the^ aspection, gis 'Constant1 vLit? tof di^rent^States^would
&of Thl.rd Fiv« Year Plan>«^Rti«cRa^s^®
«?Uhe
.ftls,YJslJ.s t0 thc ^‘nterwi^d'ciWelTHem
,
<
Io
do
something
m
this direction, make good use of Central
[ Which seems to have its roots in India alone
P -^
rjgg:Pants, adopt a uniform policy, and his discussions with
the Local authorities would bring in many desirable changesh
i?
°f,!nsPe.ctlon ln the different States and advice to
^diateijUnd cprtainly not hte’r thaj fte end of °& lhe local authori ies to adopt better methods of working in
'or^Mmario^oTth1 e° & °ng Way iri the effecHve impleth* Comrni’ttf
find improve the conditions of worV^
tzu Committee, suggests that the
°\-"orr
«« State Gr
Government/Unt^
ProSran?nies. He can prove to be a very
[received the attention thfv
229
'>!w|
:W
:'W
^ii
w
" kWM
4
■
■flwsesBgsmr■: t-
■
-
o
J
n
•• o
Q
............................... f "):■
r
•;
ij i J..'—
I
■n
■1!-:J
f
1
r
■I
■■■
•
'
Z
‘
s
r
‘
I in the.collection, preparation and sale etc., of manure'qS® J^and Broadcasting in consultation with the Ministry of Home
co-operative basis.
'\|||| STAffairs and the good and the bad spots in the country
S-^presented before the masses who in ’this country that the
7. It ?was generally complained by scavengers th^ a^iconditions of scavenging are bad but do. not seem to realise
^creditors throng the
of the
scavenge^
•*’ places when
” “'.u the
mW wages
rr
vx
uAiv ova^Cthat
these are too bad and |dangerous. These have to be
pay-day.
The Committee feels Lh«L
that Hwa'^
f ,wvu
^brought
areBistributed on pzy
d“\ Th;
ttgM»r
6iiv Mhome
v*«v vmto masses to create a sense of, shame and
should be distributed in the presence
a responsible office^ : compel them to think in terms of their improvements. The
-- of
tf
of the Local Body who should ensure that no creditors•Tr®li
creditors'ar® | ‘■•documentaries,
etc., prepared by the Film
dthe
,documentaries, cinema slides etc.
allowed to throng the premises and harass, the scavengers?' •{ ':Division of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
Curb an
on officer should also ikeep
---- —an....
. •
j' ' would
,ii. be fiof great 1 help in creating public opinion for
Such
eye on the -----supervisor^
Staff
of
the
Local
Bodies
dirprf.lv
in
fnimli
wil-k
•
Imnrhvlno
rnndlHnnc of scavenging and those of the
staff
directly
touch with the . ' improving thp
the conditions
scavengers and who are often alleged to accept illegal . scavengers. ’
gratifications from scavengers.
• n;,-jv
8: Hours of work vary from 7 hours to 8 hourd a day?:
III The Tandya Committee 1967-69
Scavengers are required to work in the morning as well as";?
The National Commission on Labour appointed a Com
the evening. Whereas, the scavengers complain against long
mittee in 1967 inder the Chairmanship of Dr. Bhanuprasad
hours of work, the Local Bodies feel that they finish theftP.andya to study the Working and Service Conditions of
work within two to three hours or so and go away to their
■Sweepers
arid Scavengers. The following are excerpts from
homes. However, *he Committee feels that for full time
the
report
of the Committee.
j employees, the hours of work should not be more than'?V
I hours per day of which only 4 to 5 hours may be reserved
1. The question of working conditions of sweepers and
I for scavenging work. Part-time workers should not’l'e- .scavengers is. not merely a matter of employer-employee
asked to work both in the morning and evening as thi$relations, but an issue that has figured promin’ently in the
> deprives them of any other work and causes them hardship;
social and political thinking of the country tor almost'-^/
generation. The question of untouchability, caste ■difierenti-f
9. Women scavengers carry their children particularly
ation, the stigma and repugnance attached to; this occu
small ones along with them and leave them at places "of
pation, the age-long suppression, privations and afflictions, I
work which are full of filth etc. Cre.ches should be sarted
suffered by these communities of sweepers andt scavengers,
in the colonies of scavengers where a pal?'worker prefera*'.
involve the social conscience of the whole nation. The
bly a. trained lady worker may be appointed to look after,
uplift
of this class of people requires breaking Of traditional'
the childre. Children must be taught clean ways of li.wng
attitudes
and a long process of education not only of theand habits so as to make them clean persons. Scavenging
higher castes, but of’.sweepers and scavengers. themselves,
work is mostly done by women throughout the country and
to^pull them up from! the state of despair to which ' they
they, therefore, need much more attention.
• \
appear to have a fatalistic approach.
10. What laws and regulations cannot achieve, educative. .
2. The sweepers and scavengers do belong to the working
PL°P5gnda_can’. .Various processes of scavenging "prp'P•' class. The principal employers of sweepers and-scavengerslerhr^uch as tTrexise of defective and good latrines, methods;
are
corporations, municipalities and "other Local Bodies
of working at pail depots, dumping grounds, the system pi; . cnrh
henm
'nahtnh^ahrBoSrds:
■
230
020
■
?.;
231
il'i.'flil I •• 41
j
M
o
■ j'!'®
FS
• ’’ ■ ..
■
1
yJr
•
’'3
a
• o
a
'KDl
i1: H
j
•
‘ •’ Pi
. j. <•
n
a
u
I ;•
o
1 ■ &V
j
■ •■ife' ■ •
i
G
.J
I
i. w
I;
%
■ ■I
m;
•
1
a
-------
-'
_
G
i
11
i01 ine
law can-dr made
feft
notl.FOVisions
^ion, ■ to of
■ anythat
individual
’ J^ci^y innrtrpQSa°
^p=
s
uS
tSfesfl
f
orgSd taSSl
cmPlo^inS sweepers and scavengers. The observations
r •'O
feneJ^nfraf?Cndatl??S °f tlie. Commlttee on the -various
°f * }e wo^ing, service and living conditions 'of
O fry
o 'jp
c P
jsweepers and scavengers fall within fhe defiJtfon of°« WnWl
&SK1.
0
ft
o IF
w^gi?“Kln ,h' aSSS°&£’
. eP°rt' Which of .these aspects should be inrfJ®? ln the Proposed legislation has also been indi
cated at the appropriate places.
;;®”
G
e
o
gssEressas
i'
Sil’SeS'T’Hin ““ “iSfei
jk..h/ •
€
W'“‘
»«
I
5. The Committee feel that a full weeklv
absolute must, and can in nr
0
‘p tS?’
I
' 54rfeTdl‘,!?„T8ers Td
therefore, sfarr^r
c
.. . , ?Cy . The .Iocal bodies mav.
’ll
o
c
r h..'
o
^■‘
>,
enforcement ma>n££ There shoSX be
who arewS^
and H «che^’’a’nd OrissaT™/ ‘•hem in B4> P^WkhHys" °f The^Com
haKy^offon
^■‘i-
&
Hot/
day is an
' ’ of sanitation and conservancy ° ,zm>xr ?f ,hrequirements
™h™ *»
i
«»
i
->
F
L
C- r
I
I
282
233
■i.
i>i‘
V. *1
r
*■'
ill
s
.Q
V
?
I
!
j
■
-----'**T\
_
6. Numerous complaints were made to^the SComn^^
•
'
'/
-•
during the course of their study tours'• about ■ the
Negligent because of . the protection they , get from their
practices and corruption in matters of recruitment
Supervisors/;.As a result the work Suffers/..
call letter that is sent through peon or sanitary JamadS ihzl
often pot delivered to the right person or a wrong endorsed MixZc.The system of giving preference .to the member of'the t
ment is made that he is not available. Employment’ll^
deceased, disabled dr retired worker on comsecured for persons, whose names may be much loweri'lftB ^passionate ground, as mutually agreed, is in vogue in most i
the order of seniority through such dubious methods andW
bodies. .We do not think that there is any necessity S
substantial amount is alleged to be taken* as bribe.Mlf Eto;disturb this arrangement.,
times, bribes are said to be extorted even at the time•
.number of complaints were
made to the
Committee
the delivery of appointment order or otherwise ippointmenft Iv-T■ _8. .A
1, .......... j • , ,
YYVAV AAAOU&
UJG kxUIUHUllCC
iIryi
order
would
not
be
delivered.
It
was
alleged
that
not
Of
»
Matters OUVXX
such US
as Aa AUX^W
large Xnumter of
.
t
---------•" ..-~Z
bMMV
VULYJtlbt" regarding^
-••43 administrative
TV JAtMWbV&A
the petty officials but also others at higher level share ’the? f workers not being made permanent even after" years of
SD011S.
with an large tnnrV
spoils, whirh
which, With
work force, are likely to be quiB sto.
9 service and taking of disciplinary action in an
an arbitrary
t substantial. The complaints
suW?4 maimer e^‘ The State Governments have the
x.------ were
---- rput
^. forward with
,,fcVa suChf
-j •powers to
; vehemence and so frequently that the rnmmUfAA
Committee could"hon M
down rules for the confirmation of • employees and the
fctAV
| help coming to the4 rnnr.lMQinn
conclusion that
_ _
^u
Oi.
<haf irecruitment
must'bo
S procedure for-disciplinary action. Rules should be framed |
^8
^strictly regulated .by having a better, and
proofe arrange^
the
~'1 fool ----li (T3#
S and duly enforced. Alternatively, we recommend that the?
ment. and maintenance of detailed records of seniority/‘ofsP .provisions ’of Industrial Employment- (Standing Orders)./
• substitute workers, registration of candidates’and'the
» should* be made applicable to . Ideal bodies and!
of call letters and appointment orders. As soon as'•an
other employers of sweepers and scavengers.
I
application is- received, it should be entered with full parti?!; '
; culafs and address in the register maintained for the purposed •
9. During the study tour, it was found by the Committee
land the applicant informed about his registration number^ • that the sweepers and scavengers were using the uniforms
un the waiting list.
Call letters and appointment orders?
even when they were not on duty. This is not proper. The
’should not be sent through peons or jamadars but by
uniforms are meant for use during the working hbnrf.
registered post.
Ar.
An officer of appropriate status uhvam
should’
Thereafter they should be changed and washed.
look after the recruitment of sweepers and scavengers.and■ . they are not on duty, they should use their own’ clothings
he should ensure that no malpractices, are involved in the
so that the dust and the dirt that might have accumulated
process. We emphasise this aspect on account of a variety', . on uniforms while on work, do not impair their health.
of reasons. A prospective employee, who has to pay a big'
amount to secure employment, has to incur debt at a high \ ;■
10. When a sweeper or scavenger meets with an accident,
rate of interest for it and he can hardly repay the debt he '
he does not get any compensation. A large number of
has been obliged to incur at the initial stage of employment".■
workers in other sectors are covered under the provisions
from which he may never be in a position to extricate him*
of the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923. The Com
| self. A disturbing feature of this aspect of the matter
mittee had come across a number of cases where sweepers
?. the fact that often the jamadar or supervisor is himself the'•
or. scavengers have to go without any. compensation for
‘money lender who uses his "position to. collect the instil-4’'
accidental injuries. The Committee recommend that the I
iments at a heavy charge. Such workers can afford to be • provisions of the 'Workmen’s Compensation.. 'Act;’ '19237............
•w.
should be made, applicable to sweepers and .scavenger.
L
3
■'
'I
''
234
235
■
i
?
•!.A.
I
f.'.
:4
n
o
o
a
j
1
J
n
o
u
■. 01
d
w
R
i
]
n
a
j
a
d
j
c
j
n
a
1
q
d
- J
a
4 hJ.
r 4 y'
c* |
o
e. j
r
p
ip'.
r 15
-r'
e I'
oB
10 &
w
. . bodies, *e UbX'welfaVoEisS tofte/the S W
fare of sweepera and scavengers are not^ppSS± \wj
??
xj 7i
Vii
recommend that appointment of a suitably qualified Labour^
gos,rfl
matter or recruitment, attendance, payment of wagS] J'
provision of uniforms, implements, housing etc.
ConwH.tee had. come across instances Where the
attitude of officers of the local bodies towards the sweepers
and scavengers was not courteous and even in muster-roll
and-service records the names of sweepers and scavengers,
are written in a contemptuous manner. The Committee
=h?°wmk nd 1 ’at 1 ie attitude of officers of the' local bodies
b® "10rt COdrtkeous awards sweepers and scavengers.
Their names should be recorded more decently and'the i
s'vaePinS and scavenging Should be 1
.. Jignifi^terms
,'SeVakS °r Safai-Sevikas or,by similar«
I?omin?:tion of one member from amongst the I
and scavengers on the local body would, in the
?e^Co^m>lttec’- heIp in focussing th? attention/
scVvenS
b
V& thie m^erable plight of sweepers and
D :'
scavengets.
We, therefore, recommend' that the State
Governments should nominate one member from amongst
the sweepers and scavengers on the local body. If nccessarv
Drosdde'L^iT
—1 ‘I"7 Sh0uld be suitably amended to
€ J" - ■
r*
r 5-;i
Q
«b
(5
&
<
::
F
AHn/?n?aLCr so1fietie.s’1 .educated sweeper/scavenger or an i
te±act±?,emb4er of bis fa'?li'y should be employed as pan?
Lme Secretary to manage the affairs of such societies.
/
Sh0“’-d b® obli£atory for every local body to make
welfare =0? ? !'S “H™31 budget £or Pro-2rammes of
welfare, uplift .and improvement of living and working
hern nOnd\hOf
SAVeeperS and scavenSera ^ployed by
2n^riH?H th • S e Gove'’nments should provide a matching
the local bodi?s.SUPP°rt
6SC SChemeS undertaken by
KMS WaSC B°ard ior
f
9°.ver,n???nt
Kerala constituted a Wa^e Board
for ^usnic'P^ Y0Trk?rQ 'JV9!1 under the Chairmanship of
frnm
Menon’ ^‘S; (Retd). The following are excerpts
rom the recommendations of the Wage Board.
■ E The Government Order constituting the W-a^e Board
specified six issues on which the Board has to X £
recommendation. These .issues were mentioned in Chapter I
andyscaOvengeersta&e *' WeIfare meaSUrCS for the 'swcepera
of this Report. The Board considered these issues and
framed broader and more elaborate issues as shown below:
(1) W hether a reclassification of existing elassifientinn
Of workers is necessary. If so On what liS°and how ?
is necessary. If so on what lines and how ? "
£2?^h.e_'.fler_th1e exist‘ng classification of ordinary
; worto.
..TSoI™^.™SS ™°CSS
1 scavengers, etc., require any change?
A&
I ‘
” ’r’™* MU«,.
-.-.wtuuiva «• «•.
>vna sbokuld
(.32_,What
different scales of pay of
sweepers and scavengers/;/^ : these workers.t -Whether different scales of pay is required
iygsgs h.^ •
"t.
f
th Pr®secute.thcir tcchnical “d professional education
i So
that theV
can OIUcr
n
"1''r gainful
----employments,
---------theyJ van
enter uincr
other
on
the
completion of their studies.
' 28G
•
•i
(
' 1
237
f
... .-:.i}-.:L... . ....... . .
MUlgv^iac-WKtHWMtjc--.-fUAi-.lw.
.
SS^gSS
I
■
1
R
ill
■
■
i
lis
iw
si
■i«f
'. ■ •’ ?: -I
i;
i
Ji
1
i-i
i-'-wL
>
I
'J
It!
A
&
I
3
Q
9/
Q
0
J
n
n
....... . .....J ;lBwBwr;
' •? ' ft$■;
1I
I
Is
I
f5
:;
should vary from one to the other. Is it'necessary to have'^fwi; (W
: relief '■;gr^ht^ -<nf • G.
(14) yWhether- the ^interim
binterimrelief
G; O
O.
variations in allowances also among different categories ? :« i-195/70/LAp.7''dated 22nd July 1970 be adjusted1 against
If so to what extent ?
.
iPay or D.A: ?
•
(4) Whether a separate D.A. is necessary ; if so whe-.’f^? • ••05).' Whether' these workers should be'given trade
thcr it. should be one system of D.A. or two systems of
•. union rights as at present even after their service is made
D.A. i.c., (1) fixed D.A. and a variable D.A. together
regular.
• —
(whether the fixed D.A. should be a lump sum amount
(16; Hew far the Corporations, Municipalities and
irrespective of pay ranges or whether it should be based on
Township will be in a position to meet the additional
a slab system as in the case of Government employees).
: expenditure consequent on payment of interim .relief and
(5) Whether-the fixation of wages should be related to
the implementation of Wage Board recommendations.
the Wages of last Grade Government Servants and what are
(17) Housing facilities to these workers.
lhe nature of work and duties* of Municipal Contingent
Workers in relalion to the last grade Government servants.
(2) Group of workera
Scale of I'ay
Q
mm
I
—
(6) If a revision of the existing wages is necessary,
from what date it should be given "effect to ? Whether
Ra.
retrospective effect should be given.
CftrpontcrA, DlftcMinUh Mid other
115-4J
05-0-180
workers.
(7) How.the pay should be fixed in the revised scale.
Gnovr II—
Whether any weightage is necessary?
Category 1—.Special SoavongCM, oto.
I10-3-140-4-1GO
(8) What are the special allowances to be fixed and at
Category 2—Scavengers, etc *,.
what rate ?
105-3-135-4-105
(9) Whether -the posts of continaent workers should
be regularised. If so under what conditions ?
(10) To rectify anomalies in some cadres in regular
and contingent categories. For example anomalies between
contingent gardeners and regular gardeners.
uh (^0 What should be the superannuation benefits.
What should be the retirement age ? Whether any pension
is to be given,. If so at what rates ?
(12) Whether any
. gratuity is; to
-- be
-- ogiven,
----- If so at
what rate. What are the conditions
’
for the payment of
gratuity ?
__2
xt r
sist* SjSSSSq --.■‘r^JtCTWr'-sasBWSU
r.
(iS) What
Category .1—Sweepers, ata.
..
I00-3-J30-4-130
Category 4—Watchmen, ata.
.. •
100-3-130^-4-150
,.
,,
105-3-130-4-155
100-3-130-4-150.
;
Gnout* III—Workers In Poor Homo—
1. Warden
•
..
2. Cook, Watcher, Mcssengcr-cim-pcon
II. The Board has examined the retirement benefits
that are now given to the workers coming under regular
cadre. A worker in the regular establishment under local
bodies also is to retire at the age of 60. • He is getting
pensionary benefits under three categories, viz., pension?
death’CH/n-gratuity-and-.-hberaHsed""fafnily''‘pensi6nr ““^Rules™
:j
a
1
a
i
n
a
1
(J
J
..
k’s.r;
23S
j
a
ft
■ift •
.!<
a
• • e
® ■
1c>' '
in., dated 21st July 1967 and Par: ill
0QO
•
£
.kave facUijaes,-h, tcube^ggen^,
'nfcessaryf u ^l^sb' what
i
J
-
1
L
t
fTis .
c
o
-B
cB
r
n
tr
e c
o
.
t
of
«:i .
G r
(
o
y
5C-
■f
sKas-af
gframed by them. Even though the Municipal Committees
W tare
fey the Sub-Divisional Officers (Civil) as also
® $ibyrthe Deputy Commissioners once or twice annually, yet
'T&in. none of their reports, a reference to. compliance of the
service rules or in respect of' other amenities
I regular .servi<^.- _The Superannuation age may howevc$ | & sweepers
allowed
to
them, had been made. It appeared that this
j continue at 60. The rules regarding the pension would
hveth^e asrconlained in
III of K.S R1 supplement^ if item was not considered important enough to find a place
by the two Government orders referred to above.
:\ t-L£ >v in their inspection reports. This committee would strongly !
recommend that it was extremely necessary that an inspccto- ■
... rate for compliance of the service rules made by the various (
IH. On a persual of the statements detailing the® *»■ committees should be set ■ up. Violation, negligence/1
locaPhn^c
Qf. local bodies, the Board feels thatB ignorance of rules be made penal. As long as .the Municipal I
' «^u®d eS teaI1y afe n°t in a position to meet the I . authorities consider that they can violate these rules with i
and 1 Sa eiCIfelture consequent on the. revision of wages t no penal results following from their breach, it would not
ana D.A. Unless adequate funds are nrovided hv i
possible to raise the status of this class of employees.
SnrniTh2’BoarS
Win be Put t0 riluch financial.!k , be
The creation of an Inspectorate, therefore, acquires signifi
‘1 v B?ard therefore suggests that a.commensurate fc cance.
be,siven ».I^l bodies by Government to meet
tins additional expenditure,
(2) Introduction of a Wage Slip System-in other words
compliance of the provision drMimmumWages Act in this
respect. A copy of the relavent provision in this conneca ucauucnr^ ' tlon IS Cached as Annexure I.
•
,
as S
The provision of the Minimum Wages Act that
the pay should be disbursed before the 7t.h of each month
should also be strictly complied.
The Haryana. Government in 1969 appointed a Cnm ?
ar.
Wi - ■
■ r’
(7) The age of retirement under Government is
jj/SSSJ ;rulesearS
and a ^mi3ar Prdvisi°D should be provided in the
c r
?"
***• j
*r* K—
i
'•‘I
iui......................
I
- -■•■■
... .'.. .. .. ....... ...
.
.
ffi
ite
if;
I
Uh= ■
iIa;»
: • •i
!|‘ 4
WJ
■
pt
:
LWCSS—22
<?[
s1
■S
■
■!j;!
<1!!
-i
ji
4
240
J
(5) In case of retirement of an employee, his dues
should also be settled within a1 month of his retirement.
(6) No creditors should be allowed to throne the
•premises at the time of disbursement of pay.
t/ p
f''
fr
& cSSta?3"'
!S=
t,
to the safai mazdoors
should be Personally^um^^ Executive Officer or
the Secretary of tKTMunicipal Committee, ’as the case
may be. .
V. The Haryana Government Committee 1069-72
o
II
fc
'i!
•_■
*
cation for an increase in this amount K is lherefori *
bene1fH??ath
exi5ti,nS rnte of *<*•’ 60 towards medicd $
benefit is to be increased to Rs. 70 (Rupees seventy oSy)
gi
( f
ll
241
■I
O
a
•i<S48i
•O
d
)
V'
■f
I
1t
i
i
-■-fWO’l
a'xtii ?•' ” SW““hI""S
“r aft”“'k-«“svuou
”“
s Ij s^a'aB®*^S; d
d 3 hours
tor j
soavongfag
(10) This Committee would recommend that
-- — the
Local Government Department should ap
pproach
the Housing
Board and request them that they shoGfd “build
cheZr .
.
..................
isra h™le±tlMbe”” at all important~5Iaces
hire-purchase basis.
»•*?
ounicipal
Essential.
-
'■••■ .^’!S
dlsclPline
is extremely
r '
■f.
!
• B-
- S**- -
I
»
d
]
d
;s«y
o
I'W/
i. p
WaRr^ ■
“t" :h=as '^tfars”1 ‘®“it"es »w4W'
felmlkis community ,S;m dnL?,.!’?"’™"!"® cf lteV
243
<■
•
Rd
■
te
fe «nn”c'',fo”? woSrS'".', 1“4“"?“,t S*41* *
-7---
j
o
■
(12) Apart from complaints made to the^ommiriw hjv«n U.rishM'pTssibK
v'
S
in securin£ admission, for the children
of Balmikis in different schools and hostels it was rtnX
sentea that brilliant children amon" Balmikis shonlJPhZ
itional r£c0omn}ei}dfttions of the C<S?ttee: m tipPb? the
provided wi,h free supply „( book) sthboX e>= S £
S^~d^;Study th«
JXiThed'f^'thcm aSTr0 SOme ?cholars$ps should be
estamisned for them. This committee recommend that
some provision in this regard may be made by the municipal
committees
A general circular may be issued to the
® ’mow?
7b member i
urn amongst sweepers and
Municipal Committees that this expenditure will be a S
il^body, ?
MW
on their £unds._..HMMite ■ —- ---------- Qended^to^prd^ii tor this, as such a nominated member /
F
242
n
a
1
i
(15; There is very, little representation of Balnukis
>iv3L or m?
various municipal committees,
municipal commE ^f.^entabves of Harijans ■., on the
uiemseives.. ims provision should be made by law Thk
recommendation is being made on the basis^that* in the
municipal areas of families of safai mazdoors living Mnos?
all the wn-es of safai mazdoors go to work either in the
municipal committees or iri private hou.M nnd ;l *
essential to provide the facility of .a creche. •
d
0
1
3
3
work'&oh ^oS'Kr S'a^SS f0'
i
?
n
a
work.1
ji
?
■
1
(8) This Committee would therefore
/I
that work should be taken in on ^continuous sesshn £ the I
morning and that every worker avails of an nS
he
S'allowance.
■«*festl,s
holidays, they should be paid overtime
i
n
■■■'•'JftS
J?''*'
'
I .
3
a
" d
J
d
a
j
n
a
............................... ________ J
.
■■
;
a
i
on me local body can.play ven-importan^^^
mg the local body to undertake '.ithe ’"welfar^mie^ufcsi
. the sweepers^ and scavengers/’^
- ' £
□8
r
'
pr0uPs .0^ safai . mazdpors are 6ften^calieidf.t^M.a¥
office. There are no arrangements,.at.present m
pal committee for these officials to sit dovm^andjhavetg t
^ay
sun for hours together/'’ On such occasions'® ' A
should be properly seated in a room and such accoinxnoda^
. .• tion should be made available to them. Shelters on dumpim
places are also necessary because the. safai xnazdoors ’art
. required to sit and to
for aa long
period. /Drinkinc
w wait
rvttAi, there
uucxc ivr
lung penou.
>JunilKinc
, water as well as bathing facilities should also*be
also’*be’ mad
maS
/: available at the dumping^ites.
•
. f
• •K
0 -p
c K
1
•
Q>
f
r-!■
& p
.5
■■
' i-
I
4
•
. i"'
•
;■
I
•
1
r
i
’>
i
•'/i.
>
t
*
v*
'•’D
' ’ ■ S; .
■
r
© J.
■
■
■&
i
■
I ?
?
3
?■
..
© p
Il
•;
1
L t>
r
.•
-4m.
■ ’ ?
I
c ?• III
r
I
©
J
F
Cj
•
‘■V
e &s M
c
■y
■
244
Part-IX
$
i
_____________________________________________________________________________________
■
II
•
■
!
i
: .1
?
—
•■■■■■
' ■■•J
~Z--------- — ------------- '----------- —----- —-------- — L-vJ-
r
CitylTown
2
ingalore
K>
J
Statement showing the Number of Pourakarmiks Employed in Municipalities i„i tb7 State.
-'M
Ot •
--
ifJhannapatnn
jDod'lab;»n;ipii r
jKanakapura
pe^anahalli
Kamanagaram
Anekal
tfa^di
Elosakote
&lJhanka
‘chimangala
’yamagondhi
^jayapiim
arjapam
I
• ■’
Pourakarmiks
Pouratarmiks Employed! on Nominal
Population Annual Revenue Amount spent
Roll or
on Pourakartniks
Male Female Total
Daily
Wages
3
4
5
G
7
8 '
9
BsP.
Its.
P.
16.81 15,06,82,520 00 1,02,20,000 00
2,435
2,090 4,525
Lakhs.
32,588
8,00,000 00
10,000 00
34
27
61
35,600
5,78,310 00
1,27,488 00
30
26
56
22,000
2,50,000 00
73,000 00
27
8
. 35
11,978
2,42,785 66
37,221 54
7
10
17
31,442
3,50,000 00
84,000 00
18
16
34
12,629
1,50,000 00
42,000 00
10
10
20
13,340
2,00,000 00
20
20
12,163
3,33,978 00
40,560 00
8
7
15
10,429
. 12
8,781
2,01,000 00
30,500 00
12
2
14
6,494
78,502 00
15.842 00
6
" 2
.
8
11,552
2,50’000 00
28,200 00
11
2
13
4,679
/64,2I4 00
1,050 00'
4
2
6
»
i
i ss f ¥
[F trw W tKLh utO-' o 1
Q
i 11
Cj» «O
Cm. C)
C-
v_J CL» iH) -wJ^-CLp
cve
I
f
i
i i
np
’ • cJ X
(LX • —> :
I
I
l.l
H.AJ,.
16 Belgaum
1
••
K)
3’
' I1
1
i
51
■
-
I
II
>1
to
I
i
f
I!
17
. 18
15 Bailhotigxl
20 Konnur
21 Mudal.ngi
22 Kfunapur
23 San fc&h war
24 Raibag
25 Sadalga
26 K u dachi
27 Hukferi
28 Chikkodi
29 Ramadurg
30 Saundatti- Yellaroma
31 Athanj_
32 Bljapar
33 Iikai
■
34 Bagalkntn
35 Gukdgudd u
36 Hungund
37 Badami
38 Muddebiha*
39 Taiikotc
40 Basavan—1>agewadi ..
41 Karcatagi
42 Indi
43 Kerur
44 Rabakavi— Banabatti
45 Jamakhandi
46 Mudhol
47 Mahalingapui»
43 T crdal
49 Sindagi
50 Bilgi
. 51 Bidar
52 Chitaguppa
53 Bhalki
54 Hu mnabad
55 BasaVakalyan
56 Au rad
57 Belhnj
58 Hoapcj
~
59 Siraguppa
6O~T^kfa?lkoU __
61 Sandur
3
33,985
1.92,427
35,| It;
29,!M;(f
19,440.
15,817
10,557
10,195
18,950
6,9.17
12,508
14,132
12,463
18,326
20,550
21,017
24,378
1,03,931
30,014
51,765
26,365
12,683
11,651
10,422
14,537
14,002
1,657
13,745
11,000
37,509
29,981
15,619
12,635
15,337
10,178
7,629
50,670
13,418
13,104
15,357
25,592
6,634
1,25,223
zroHffigr
14,897
10,929
10,922
—
4.
-ft-
x_
5
Rs.
p.
2,50,000
««,34,628
I3,W>,<mXi
7,77,-V.»6
4,59,903
31,107
2,50,000
26,100
,4,04,76ft
30,000
00
80
OO
OO
oo
82
00
00
36
00
72,000 09
|18,36,086 OO
1,89,243 (>(>
1,42.678 76
92,610 ()o
5,264 02
6,150 00
7,441 58
62,394 52
3,960 00
80,000 00
1,55,036 72
3,98,912 00
11,83,875 02
5,63,164 75
41,52,883 77
5,52,347 46
23,13,208 00
5,67,063 00
90,305 OO
2,448 00
12,923 00
36,610 97
54,684 00
1,52,523M 88
1,30,315 92
5,48,555 75
1,08,160 73
3,76,044 00
1,21,889 00
8,902 OO
1,49,730
13
21,757
94
64,946
70
14,001
00
1,49,988
80,000
6,67,440
5,96,398
3,67,143
3,54,510
1,03,000
65,000
65,000
9,12,249
95,000
1,99,246
3,50,000
2,33,166
61
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
81
00
93
00
52
13,342
9,000
97,978
1,46,092
69,904
60,099
15,109
5,300
14,000
2,09,670
3,500
32,178
50,000
76,122
15
00
00
00
09
00
00
00
00
47
00
43
00
77
50,48,476 25
33,00,000 00
3-5 L*akha
53,000 00
1,69.662 21
10.49,678
4,30,585
foOQQ
12,000
25,593
92
20
OQ
OQ
69
6
7
8
IS
208
43
43
•36
ft
2
3
25
2
12
33
6
IP
I
10
11
28
241
49
62
3?
1ft
13
3
40
6
17
7
13
23
19
26
39
146
50
132
42
9
p.
Rs.
14
16
20
10
81
29
49
16
15
4
7
13
9
3
6
*29
65
21
83
26
2
10
8
17
23
9
12
21
2
2
7
12
21
%
9
12
32
56
20
2
12
11
28
13 16
6
7
u
25-
2
65
5
4
14
13
7
6
6
43
9
8
6
15
13
6
8
103
14
12
20
28
200
88
15
3
7
253
88
11
5
6
453
176
26
8
13
1
B j
2
r
2
Ipi
A maravathi
p3
narapanahalii
11« HadagaJi
Kottur
:55
10,972
19,694
10,455
12,875
10,170
13,890
50,254
33,888
16,9)3
8,753
7,573
6,347
5,316
17,368
3,897
3,475
7,776
1,21,018
41,643
20,022
6,716
14,158
g6 Kud ligi
g?
Kamalapur
;68 Chitradurga
•|fe»9 Harihar
K>
►£»
CO
70. Challakr-rc
3(1 Hosadurga
72 Jagalur
3 Molakalmuri!
jl ' Turnvannr
5 Hiripir
6 ' Mayakonda
t ^aikanahatt
8 : Holalkere
| Davanagere
i Chlkmagaluj
q|| {Tarikcre
^jjampur
® 4;H*rU r
_. I
wr
I.
8| j|Koppa
jMudigcre
fSringcri
|Hebbalc;
9? I Kuahalanagnr
■ ' «
90 ^onik^pa
JPonnajopet
93H Juntilb;
Bir I.:’1’1”'
ji tiodlipct
!>•' i ^witirasanthc
S
£’
r flcrcira
91 i Virapct
Jomfaipct
99 ______
lutfl. —Dharwar
1
GaJag- Betgeri
10 fNsigund
16 Sihiiiatti
bikshmeshwar
ajj Savanur
l^l|j ^iggaon
-
IE
Hirekerur
___ifulgimd
C.
^u»blgoi
r»
7
P.
Rs.
P.
1,59,753
2,11,550
1,13,043
1,20,00c
00
00
99
00
38,362
45,599
27,227
25,000
00
00
92
00
fi.OO.OOO 00
5,00,000 00
1,32,625
60,000
29,000
3,02,090
00
00
00
47
2,2F,850 00
13,77,530 00
4,63,958 57
2,31,180 00
1,HO,000‘ 00
78,381 00
20
9
5
8
10
68
37
28
32,932
29,904
6,500
74,491
00
21
00
38
13
JO
4
21
27,937 00
8,52,000 00
2,40,000 00
1,09,304 36
31,000 00
4
11
230
56
29
10
2
126
47
19
2
5
1
6
47
4
5
9
22
9
10
12
15
115
41
33
2
15
10
4
32
11
3
413
356
103
48
13
>■
•
-
1'
2
—
1 ^Narasi mhimjapu ra
sf
i
IU
13,675
5,915
4,238
4,980
3,739
2,456
00
00
24
02
60,000
32,000
17,807
27,356
00
00
35
17
18
8
7
9
5
7
3
2
5
5
25
5,007
2,24,547 00
2,757
1,15,713 01
- 3,265
40,060 00
1,499
80,000 00
2,059
46,290 00
2,003
49,663 38
19,357
9,60,820 00
9,728
5,00,000 00
6,286
2,20,000 00
... 4.24 lakhs 3.65 crores
95,426
43,25,610 00
17,339
4,29,453 00
9,278
1,03,576 00
20,594
3,34,869 00
18,304
3,06,167 00
11,940
80,000 00
8,463
13,000
70,000 00
H,184
69,377 00
23,195
14,877
9,314
5-^00
00
41
00
00
9
4
3
4
3
2
1
1
5
3
4
11
5
4
4
5
4
31
16
15
862
312
35
8
21
3!
8
4
1
8
14
..
3,00,000
1,10,000
1,85,428
1,42,134
”
10,787 65
11,151 94
79,736 00
37,000 00
35,000 00
20,00,000 00
5,45,486 00
47,910 27
19,156 00
45,273 00
62,310 00
6,000 00
■20
14
14
410
140
9
8
16
28
4
6,623 00
26,905 67
4
10
2
2
2
11
2
1
452
172
26
If
9
14
10
■
■■
••
1
1
7
28
114
3
3
-3-
'Y
0- 0 o
0
q
r ®
oo
r
■r
Ii
i
■
■
I
•*
2
3 ||
4
X
&
Rfi.
I\
1U.
75,fX)O
(Kj
no
1,2^4 50
11,395 75
1.34,555 00
1,10,746 S3
49,267 00
30,000 00
14,756 00
12,428 84
5,343 00
5,000 00
30,000 00
8,90,050 45
1,200 00
49,982 73
69,029 83
23,796 00
58,803 81
69,213 97
65,610 40
■
’I
r
1! I ’
I
H
|
100 Kltfiigiintgi
1 IO Item
Hl <Syendragad
112 Rinibennur
.1.13 Haven
114 By^dgi
115 - Altai var
116 Muidargi
to
Or
H7 Hajagal
O
118 A nijgeri
-119 Natural
120 . NavMgund
121 GuHwga
122 Gunn-tkal
123 Shahaiur
Shaha}ur
124 Shahalad
125 Chmchai
126 - Sedam
127 Chitapur
128 Shorapu:
T -^s-.r< ■r'er* -nr'i-- - -.
129 AUand
130 Yadgir
131 Hassan
132. Arsikere
133 Holenaraipi>ur
134 Arkaigad
135 Channarayapatna
136 Belar
137 Banavar
138 Ixoaanur
139 Sravanabclgola
140 Alur
HI -ijakleghp ur
i42__KqIar_______
n?__ Uhikkaballapur
144 Bangayjet
145 Malur
14 6 Uowrihidntir
nil Buhiyaaapur
148 Gudibanda
149 Manchenahalli
150 Bagepalli
----- Chinfaimatti__________
__T52 K. G. F.
,53 Sidlaghatta
9.028
13,097
IW
40,749
27,500
13,469
10,395
11,358
13,826
14,671
12,707
12,000
... 1,45,588
... . 10,496
14,258
..
23.560
’ 7,380
...
..
11,387
14,220
21,056
1,31,603 41
9,63,050 00
7,50,225 00
4,20,000 00
2,65,093 SO
. 1,01,794 59
1,15,139 20
45,000 00
2,08,000 00
46,08,666 27
45,000 00
13,000,00 00
2,87,499 35
. 1,00,271 20
2,12,249 05
2,40,583 72
1,81,004 76
;.
j- ~
21,568
4,40,336 60
32,756
5,84,765 12
61,000
23,60,283 00
24,155
7,14,903 00
15,998
3,18,754 00
8,733
2,52,480 00
10,293
1,15,199 00
10,490
3.00,500 00
4,404
1,41,78) 01
5,523
1,21,465 00
3,628
52,000 00
3,720
36,825 00
__ 11,154
3,89,880 00
43,418
29,227
14,765
6,60,998 15
10,392
2,23,110 OCT
12,826 • 2,74,197 OO
8,737
1,61,297 -11
5,085
. 50,000 00
4,863
50,000 00
5,400
£5,ooo oo~
26,684
6,25,459 76
45,279
12,00,000 OO
16,113
2,66,852 06
4,805
1,29,399
20,210
1,43,133
55,600
35,000
^52,889
*a4,000
48
87
00
00
00
00
00
00
1,09,753 64
28^664 00
65,270 00
1,67.013 83
10,164 00
22,000 00
16,780 00
3,390 95
IO
8
6
H
37
33
30
48
20
9
19
4
7
7
21
147
5
II
19
5
9
13
16
9
4
8
7
I
10
112
3
JO
H
6
10
7
7
11
25
48
38
16
II
12
15
2
12
3
3
16
26
35
"T8~
14
19
~To~
6
8
_G__
J3_
70
39,555
7 ‘
•
' a : ’
I\
18,630 00
29,989 00
14,520 00
13,200 00
_58^5 00
1,12,000 00
1,06,821 30'
'
(J
91
if
13
31
37
22
8
3
II
6
3
y -•
16
ltd
20
67
81
20
18
23
12
14
8
31
259
8
30
II
19
20
22
]
1
2
..
24
56
85
3(
60
24
14
23
21
5
5
12
3
6
2
5
-A----- __2L
25
51
10
45
~V “713
1
15
2
21
3
"37
13
_ 7
2
___8___
1
7
2
19
32
69
139
..
9
20
--W
ft
I
II !■■ Illillll II .l'ITIT.
3
Mid bags!
Mysore
Nanjangud
Hunsur
158 K.R. Nagar
Gundlupet
1& Bannur
161 Yelandur
165 T. Narsipur
| Periyapatna
1644 Sargur
16E5 Hcggadadcvanakotc
16t6 Kollegal
1617 .Chamarajauagnra
16t8 Mandya
ids9 rMalavaHi
ITt0 Srirangapatna
1711 Krishnarajnpct
1722 . Nagamangnla
1733 Pandavapura
17^4 Belakavadi
17 I Bellur
1 |Me&ote
i:*^
IfSi
ufc
o
177
178
179
J, Iditr
terwar
I?Lumta
lhatkal
180 B
181
Ipnnavar
182 |a
g
183
)andeli
•184
iddapur
185
.nkola
186
fundagod
^ai :
187
188
taichur
189 |E>podurg
190 tToppal
191
angavathi
192
angaaugur
193
ludagal
194
indhimr
iustagi
195
196
elabnrga
197
hivainogna
198
ravathi (N.A.) . .
199
sinnagiri
200
‘rthahalli
201
nnaii
202
amati
3
I
1 G.BOi;
3,55,63i;
24,312
19,996
15,354
14,743
11,643
5,129
6,820
7,411
5,587
4,383
28,706
21,069
72,058
19,007
14,100
9,636
8,583
10,633
5,537
4,323
2,731
12,089
37,034
19,115
18,732
12,444
12,163
25,425
9,906
10,101
6,898
28,571
87,000
9,674
27,277
37,000
12,328
10,499
14,306
9,053
6,175
1,02,703
61,185
9,966
10,645
8,413
6,543
5
6
7
15
479
54
8
366
10
00
46
00
00
68
25
21
13
5
15
9
11
5
36
37
96
16
20
9
12
18
4
5
5
3
8
3
1
1
15
26
40
16
10
5
4
7
23
845
64
30
29
26
18
8
23
12
12
6
51
63
136
32
30
14
16
25
18,013 00
17,760 00
g
4
2
1
8
.6 ...
Ke.
2,67.313
1,50,21.304
. 8,14,653
P.
00
00
00
Rs.
P.
54,613 00
1,52,212 00
1,49,234 00
2,61,050
4,25.000
1.5 lakhs
80,000
2,25,000
24,802
1,25,000
85,000
6,00,000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
48,665
72,000
3,220
1,390
50,000
26,058
30,883
12,816
1,04,500
31
00
00
00
00
00
00
(XJ
00
2,60,000 00
4,81,798 22
2,00,000 00
J,54,378 00
1,96,776 84
60,000
71,890
23,000
37,240
55,631
86,723
34,000
00
00
17,938 37
6,42,987 00
3,18,905 00
2,27,142 00
3,62,831 00
19,87,000 00
1,72,566 00
58,198 00
2,50,000 00
7,00,000 00
42,00,000 00
1,01,078 74
7,39,462 00
16,00,000 00
1,91,758 83
1,87,029 00
5;65;650 00
1,52,258
26,580
89,00,000
2,7-5,000
3^6,000
39
15
00
00
00
2>5 Lalche
1,79,722 00
1,55,000 00
64,852 02
46,775 00
42,543 00
15
17
11
16
8“
11
7
2
54,680 00
67,615 24
21,937 00
3,420 00
19,315 13
96,000 00
6,00,000 00
81,317 93
1,50,550 00 .
1,48,868 40
60,019 97
33,072 00
45,500 00
40,872 52 •
3,720 00
9,00,000 00
38,000 00
30,000 00
39,467 00
40,871 . 00
26,800 00
12
18
10
2
3
54
101
5
22
30
9
3
11
8
1
282
13
11
17
11
8
12
A
13
4
1
4.
23
91
.10
25
42
5
7
12
10
^4
132
••4
1
1
6
3
a
3
•
-a ‘
? 1
1
<-23—^.
28
18
18
11
24
31
5
14
6
3
7
77
192
15
4772
14
10
• 23
is
414
17
1
2
• J.-"! *
:
aMi
91
3
>■«!
2
2
..
/iiSi
AsS'
■:;®5Sa
167
..
i
18
-
—
-
■ o y G
■... .K--
II'
t"•V“^
1'
L-j
w-j
L.
Gl'
'■u-j
Lur
CD
CD
vD*
C*-
r ® 'Tli<h©
I
(
CO
Ui
2
3
4
5
Its.
203 Shiralakoppa
. 9,261
1,76,196 00
204 Ktzmsi
4,680
205 Hosanagar
3,841
206 Shikari pura
17,059
3,80,968 00
207 Sorab .
5,439
1,66,86! 00
208 Bhadravathi (Old Town) 40,130
9,52,000 00
209 Sagar
27,602
7,57,000 00
210 Mangalore
.. 1,65,174 - 60,34,364 00
211 Cobndapur
23,831
. 2,49,860 05
K> 212 Pattur
17,683
2,52,000 00
Ot
213 Karkala
18,593
1,75,000 00
214 Mulki
11,527
71,806 64
215 Tnmkur
70,476*
20,83,961 37
216 Sira
18,290
5,82,180 00
217 Tiptur
22,592
8,99,076 40
218 Kunigal
13,439
3,34,050 00
219 Chikkanaikanahani ..
13,063
2,00,000 00
220 iSubbi
9,541
2,00,000 00
221 Madhugiri
14,652
2,19,175 00
222 Pavagada
9,002
2,50,000 00
223 Tumvekere
6,537
1.75 Lakhs
224 Koratagere
5,794
.75,000' 00
225 Y.N. Hosakote
.*
6,120
1,17,869 74
I
i
i
i
j
r
l
p.
i
Bl
II '■
_I
G
Its.
P.
38,057
00
58,500 00
25,455 oo
1,07,500 00
1,38,500 00
10,00,000 00
54,964 23
37,000 00
39,582 48
18,840 00
2,50,307 74
81,240 00
1,12,816 31
7
8
7
8
15
5
18
9
45
2
8
1
15
..78
19
11
13
188
1
4
7
26
IO
60
68
266
20
15
13
5
131
.32
45
21
28
16
29
5
115
27
33
10
24
16
18
15
17
7,
7
49,970 00
50,000 00
45,000 00
64,000 00
■34,202 98
40,000 00
64,685 00
23,349 30
::
16
5
12
11
4
11
1
2
7
1
5
.
16 ‘
.
19
14
.
8
-
7% r-^'
Statement showing the number ot Scavengers Employed in Municipalities and other relating informhtiJn
H
SI.
No.
Local Body
No. of
|
Scavengers
employed
in 1972
n
>o
Ot
Ot
I
1
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Bangalore
Channapatna ..
Doddaballapura
Kauakapura
Devanahalli
Ramanagarani..
Anekal
8. Magadi
9. Hosakote
10. Yclahanka
11. Nagamangala
12. Tyamagondlu
13. Vijayapnra
I ‘
•. I
3
347
Nil
Nil
5
Nil
Nil
Nil
No. of
? g
Private
Service
Latrines
in Tovni
t -5
§ | S
5>
!
H
O
|
4
J
No. of PjS. Latrines
converted So far
5
6
If all have
been convei
reason fe
failure
7
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
375
150
1
AU converted
do
Converted to flushout latrines
Nil
Nil
Converted
do
Action is btaken.
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
All
Converted
/
■-
<■
2
]
3
?
■
14.
15.
16.
i
Sarjapura
H.A.L.
Bclgaum
Nil
Nil
207
i
1
22. Kbanapur
23. Sankeshwar
24. Raibag
25. Sadalga
26. Kudachi
27. Hukkeri
28. Chikkodi
29. Ramdurg
30. SaundattiYellamma.
31. Athani
co i
k
IO
Ot
2
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
1
Nil
ment directions.
40 To be converted
Nil
Nil
Nil
There are no Service Latrines
Nil
Nil
0
8
3
Nil
100
..
Nil
Nil
Nil
145
66
All are Converted
6
Nil
225
12 All are Converted
15OLatrin<es only converted
as per Govern
ment instructions.
271
3
45
12
3
3
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
1,400 AU are converted
Nil All are converted
791 Converted
70
Nil
Nil
.Nil
Nil
4
2
Nil
11
5
0
Nil
2
1
1
Nil
Nil
Nil
3
I
; ^labahngapur
•• Terdal
- Sindagi
7
arc now connected to the under
ground drainage.
427 Converted
249 J
--------117
P.L. have been converted
98 Converted
10 T.M.C. Latrines are not converted
13 Latrines are converted as per Govern
..
2
6
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil Tho P. S. Latrines and Public Latrines
30
Nil
6
1
32. Bijapur
33. Ilkal
34. Bagalkote
35. Guledgudda ..
36. Hnnagund
37. Badami
38. Muddcbiha]
39. Talikote
^0.
Basavan-Bagewadi
41. Kamatagi
42. Kerur
43. Indi
14. Rabakavi—
Banhatti.
[5. Jamakandi
-Mndhol
O|
5
Nil
Nil
Nil
17. Nippani
18. Gokak
19. Bailhongai
20. Konnur
21. Mudalgi
-
4
j
7
Pue to court stay ordPr htonrfl ronW not
be converted as per G.0. directions.
465 Latrines are not converted
71 Jo
The citizens
hove obtained
temporary
induction by
the Mnnaif
Court.
8 AH have been converted '*
23 None converted
Nil Converted
Nil
19
'V'
i
s
i
u
0? O or rttto O-Os.IM.Qf.
i
Iw
11-
tu O
£— O
ifk iO)
J C.^ r}
(& uH* luJ
ufD smJ C-4 ; jl
L.
j c a .j
4I -L
■ o®.-
Q 0 C* 01 o
Q
r s lr
0
n_i
I
I
H
j
1
51'/
f!
I
2
j
to
co
Ot
i
------- x—.-5..................... .,________ :
5____ . ■______________________ _______________ ;
, ?.
3 .
4
t&Ji
52.
53.
Ulilar
Chitagiippi
Bliklld
To~
2
3
t
54.
Humnabad ■
2
2'
Nil
GOO
■ 36G
NU
Nil
5>492
55. Basavakalyan
56. Aurad
57_.^j8egary
I
58.
59.
60.
Hospet
Sirugupp;
ja
Nil
9
Takkalkote
Nil
61.
Sandur
62.
Amaravatbi
63.
Harapanahalli
5 on daily wages
Kudligi
67.
68.
K am alapur
Chitradurga
69.
Harihar—
Converted
All have been converted
Only 2(K> arc remaining
All arc converted
None convert d
No private latrines
920
60
Nil
53
64., H. Hadagali ..
65. Kottur
66.
5
Nil
4.22G
4.22G tzofivrrlcd ii.l» impti.Intriiw’'""
200' Con verted
87 All have been converted except-one -
Converted
Nil
108
Only 15 have been converted
6
Nil
16
Converted
7
5
Nil
6
Nil
Nil
“do-
55
40
P.8. Latrines orc converted
55
Converted.
1,285 ' 75 to be Converted
L.■a--.
i
70.
Challakere
71.
Hoaadurga
2
Nil
7
AU converted
72.
Jagalur
90
All Converted
Molakalmuru ..
2
2
Nil
73.
74.
Nil
41
30 have been converted
Thuruvanur
..
Nil
Nil
5
75.
Hiriyur
5
Nil
72
76.
Mayakonda
Converted
Out of 72 only 30 latrines have been con
verted into flush-out.
II
I1
I
t
to
o<
co
4
77.
Naikanahatti ..
78.
Holalkere
79.
Davanagere
e'
1
Nil
20
..
2
72
Nil
7.571
80.
ChickmagaV!vr ..
101
Nil
45
81.
Tarikere
Nil
Nil
150
All have been converted
82.
Ajjampur
3
Nil
All have been converted
83.
Birur
All have been converted into H.F.L.
All have been converted
75 per cent have been converted
All have, been converted
84.
Kadur
Nil
Nil
Nil
85.
Narasimharajapur
Nil
Nil
Nil
Converted
86.
Mudigere
Nil
Nil
87.
Koppa
Nil
Nil
550
Nil
All have been converted
No service latrines in this town
88.
89.
Sringeri
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
90.
91.
92.
Ip
c
Hebbale
Kushalanagar
Gonikoppa
Ponnampet
Nil
7
1
J_ ___ 2_
•93.
3
4
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
4
3
No
220
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Suntifeo-ppa
94.
95.
96.
|F-
Kodlipet
Sanivarasanth
Mercara
Virajpet
\
98.
99-
Somvrarpet
Hubli— Dhancar
1X11
Converted to flush-out
Mulgund
latrines
wherever necessary
Nil
Nil
106 All converted
121 So,ne have- been
converted
Nil
2,000 As there is
■•’lay from Local Court,
service is not completely stopped’
1J 90
Nil
Nil
4
Nil
1.500 None
converted
lp8- Kundagol
10
Kalghatgi
11
Ron
Nil The T.P.C. i3
recently converted into
T.M.C.
Nil
Nil
J;00.’ Gadag_Betagen.
’yl- Naragund
U|2. Sirahatti
to
o
O
103.
Lakshmeshw,,,
104.
^avan’lr
105- Shiggon
% Hirekerur
W.
109
3
2
4
5
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
4
Nil
Nil
N2
1
■
A
1
------
5
The latrij
per rJ”“ Sre
con3tructed a3
per Government orders.
7
■
4
o
o
I
- -;
»
----------111- Gajendragad
11^. Ranibeniiur ..
113.-. Haven
ICi
11 . Byadgi
,i: • I.Alnavar
ii 1 3Iundargi
11 . \ Hahagal
11
Annigeri
11
Naregal
12 ; sNavalgund
12 ;\*'>tlbarg
2
a
12 -><«'nnnTl.k.i|
12«’ j'Shahapur
124.; i^hahabad
12:
l212i.r'
i : >pliiricholi
. .perl;, rn
5k
127
Chita pur
128,
129jj.Xllajjd
13o|l 1 ^aoIT
131 J] Zj
..
2
13
8
6
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
1
1
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
30
2
3
1
Nil
3
I
4
4
Nil
Nil
H.
Nil
1
22
126 42 Latrines have been
converted
■165
171 Only 29 Latrines have been converted
and balance of 142 latrines have
been closed
59 35 Latrines have been
converted
’ i
Nil
Nil
Nil
200
Nil
221
I tin Art-ion i> b«-ing
|
tak, ,,
132- ,H LatriiitL h->vr been v<»n verted
154 two private latrines and 20 M-P.
latrines have been converted
Not evuverted into .u-ptir t:ill!.
o»>y.2sh.lri„.sl,;lv<.
■1W fcome of then, In,re bc(.u COUVl..rtc<1
oo
do
272 Only
(
5 latrines have been
converted
1.339 41
11 Latrines have been cor
I
i
r e3
» *
■
i
.•Vr-
-
k
cc
c3
c
■
.
c o n c1 o
s
. ■[
_'■.
Q
v y y y y o o o/Q,. c> q q. q
y- z
|
v
x‘
|
'
5
/
J
2
3
• 13-133.
Arsikere
Holenarsipur
5
Nil
Nil
Nit
131.
135.
136.
137.
Arkalgud
Chanunravaputna
Beiitr
Ban.-tvar
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nit
Nil
Nil
Nii
138.
139.
l-lO.
141.
142.
143.
144.
Kona it ur
Sravanabelagolu
Alur
Sahiftlvslipnr
Kolar
Chikkaballa pur
Bangarpet
Nil
Nil
Nil
8
Nil
45
14
Nil
Nii
Nil
Nil
Nil
Ilk Malar
146. Guwribidanur
14/. . iSrinivusupur
148. Gttdibanda .. .
149- Mancheualndli
150. ijcgcpatn
Nil
Nil
1
Nil
Nil
12
Nil
Nil
Nii
3
Nil
56
Nil
Nil
2.
Nil
Nil
1/
7
bo
i
-i
151.
i
Chintamani
K.G.F.
(Robcrtsonpet).
153. Sidl:i«hatta . .
•154. Muibagal
155. JfysuMTc
..
152.
I
,
c
!
H;
to
ii
166.
167.
168.
169.
r
IIl:
Xi r
n
156.
157.
158.
159.
IGO.
161.
162.
IG3.
1G4.
165.
1
Nanjn»gud
Hunsnr
K. R. Nagar
Gnndlnpet
Bannur
T. Narsipu ..
Perivapatna
Yola nd nr
Sargur
Heggadadevamtkote.
Kollcgnl
Chamara janngar
Mala vail i
8
<•»
2
4
8
Nil
Nil
All are converted into flush ont
latrines
-- 200 latrines have been'
Nil
Nil
58 All latrines are cunverted ii>c«» closet
latrines
Nil
Nil
Nil
378 All are converted
Nil G.nvvrted into II.F.L. Latrine*
l,04-> 50% have been converted i^to 'flush
cut latrines
Nil
101
2
All the latrines have been converted
80 Conversion is under progress
25 Latrines tire
converted as
-.
Almost all converted
1,-|6S All are convert on
Nil
25
Nil S.L. since the citv is provided with the
untici2u»uri«i sewarage system
Above 1.000 Some of them have been converted
J0*.» Short of cement work is held up
8
4
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
6
Nil
100 90 per cent have been converted
Nil
10 All .arc converted
40 AU have been converted
120
275 212 latrines have been converted
Nil
H.F.L:
1.170 pit
Latrine*.
■
^^3
I
1
2
170. Srirangapataaa
!! 171. Krishna raja pe t
172. NagHhia ngala
173. Panda vapura
171. Bclakavadi
1 175. Belin r
1*6. Mclnkote
|j 177. Maddur
178. Kar war
j \ 179. Kumta
ISO. Bhatkal
IO
131. Honnavar
132. Haliyal
s
ft—
i. Sintlhnnr
- Kushtagi
. Yelaburga
• ^Mmoga
. Bhadravathi (N.A.)
Channcgiri
Teerthahalli ..
Honnali
r Xyamati
Shiralakoppa.,
0
fi
2
2
2f
21
2(
21
1
21
21
21
21!
'i
1
5
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nd
Nil
Nil
Nil
20 AH -•»rr <‘OH- <-rtr. 1
105
do
320
No
<b>
Nil
Nil
Nil
16
Nil
Nii
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
2*» All ^r.? coj, vert rd
Nd No service latrines in
this t-o?rn.
88 3t) have been
co., verted.
300 30 per cent have been converted.
Kumsi
Hosanagar ..
Shikaripura ..
Sorabn
Sa^ar
B liad ra vathi
(Old Town).
yiangalore
Copndapnr ..
Putin r
Mulki
Karknla
Tueiktir
6
7
il AU have- been
—a converted
Nd All arc converted
3
183. Dandeli
184. Siddapur
185. An kola
186. Alundagod
Sirsi
^ichur
De&durg
Koppal
1^1. Gangs vathi
i92- langasugur .
to
as
cn
3
B .11] are con ver; rd
31
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
39
2
Nil
200
2
3
2
4
2
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
1
Nil
3
Nil
Nil
3,334 All are converted
Nil
"4
Nil
2
8
Nil
Nil
Nil AJiart vonvcrteJ
- 4
4
Nil
SOO All are converter
60 Action has been taken to convert the
Nil
Nil
None
o
-- No service la trinlies
Nil
do
o
'1
1,895 Only 202 have been converted.
->no S' Con''erted into septic tank.
-39 AU are converted.
328 265 have been converted.
90 AH arc converted
59 All service latrines have
been converted
SI All have been converted
Nil All arc converted
Nil
.’Ws1’
J
*
-3
S.L. to F.O.L.
8
183
Nil
Nil
1
5
Nil
Nil
4
506 Action has been taken
Nil No Service Latrine in this town
•>00 All are e„jj vcrt<(i
No All are converted.
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil >
. >
?
1
All arc conv.-rlcl
Nil
122
1
Nd All have been converted
1.273 70 per ^.,1. Ilnve
r„1,v.r|ci|
J
i Jl'1 -t r U -O
JEM a tf CF <z
’J d*
I
C Q J)
G O
G O
I'd
I. ,,.J
V-
I
Ula-J
V 1 u/
L...,V
V •
V
O J L (L O .-J
JI
8g||S
<Ji’O
■
AVP I S»U()
Xup ipij auQ
s.< ap f o n j.
el
Vh
T9
VI
VI
VI
VI
s
s
-<Bp unj ano
5-ABp f on |
s*
o.-a L
*ACp f
•M4d vo »!)]
v
7-b
K
el
ZI
ot
F*
J
o.tt l
»A*vp ?
o.n^
>-AVp f
o^L
s.
3 A wp £ O.U X
SABp f
8
P
OA\X
AVU f
GMJ
>AHd
OUL
61
or
or
b‘
el
V
Of*
II
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
•I
VI
oi
ov
«n:
(M>‘Oo OJ
s
i
^Ziury:
h(fn-------------------------------------v/r -/ J 7‘
4ZF<II
"70jl
V4n«lv.<nf(
’’ipuoSi-’Hin^ij |
•’I'
M-'pii:ijV|.j
"P
'll
-Ul
'71
II
01
i
'('»
■‘P
•■r
•pVSU]^
1*1
fl
s’
••r
op
op
op
VG-i’-tj)
V6 Z-V'l
OO'Zii J
I*-’1!
I Vi; r. V!>j -ppoijY ».n<. j
S‘
00'01
|Vr»“Z- V’.*l
9
£•
f
I u
Ah,
iHl'v
V-iud rfju^
'•i*
i>j
VG
r.,
•?-. 7.
Vli F.-Vu
•Xi'ilil
o;:
<.p
V6 A~V!»
OO'iul
00 101
00 201
'•'JI
‘
°P
vG-r.-v.i
O"'2O|
1 i:
O|»
v»; <•- vf»
oo zoi
<• '2o|
of:
C V‘»pJi:i.;| -VIIJ III I.y
VG-c-V’)
V6-£- Vf‘
|<>u u«»i
•JI
c o v.x
SA Bp
V6
00 iOI
00 lei
•”> O>I
!|pnp!uKA.1Q
Jndi^ruu\|
•’n“’»||Bqiypp<.Q
<o
f
f:
<s?
•OJjSM'vutidy
»i»><MModjo-j
I
I'.A? J HU
(s/ilfp Uj) ^V9'{
::
r
^ioj^ - riDfJ
bphoh pug WA291
7$-
sinoH ^uj^oa^ ‘sa^g-Xea 9q) SuiMoqg ?uaiu9ms
■
F
r,
?
!
-u.no) arp uj $oau)V'[ doujog
I!X
j)C
sonuns'l
• I|l |i:»AUo;> •>)
«UM>| n Uoipry (>rt A|JWI»X
V4A 17.
Vt.\ 9
••»».» -»Ht M.>llupr>j
j
-
‘:»X
P.
I'X
■'
gM | >04
ON
«loi’•••J M.MHf J1J4S.J jut! jj-f
l!X
I’X
I’X
i‘X
9
~J-’>|-»A|M»lJ,
3:7.7,
I'
o
o
I
„|.«3«Ah,| -7.7,7,
l?X
I'X
.u’;*‘*’ll”:K
17.7.
I’j'P’!)
D7.7.
ijp’i
-‘•-nt’”o»4«|i»i;l
njr.
h.
i:
fl
•’’n'ii.L
•;
i!N
----------
jr*A
-----------
Vgg
I’X
*iOL'
auttiipi'i Tj.j OJI. ||Y
^oJf«soHXA
O4arfi^liox[
Air.
•!>j7.
£
Z
■
I .
'!
l
'
■■■
-
1
,'•
•
•
••(.
'
-.
■!•■
’
n_fi CiJ^rr
JuCOJCOJk<©iD^ C O J L G J C S ^3
-o rvn ■
, c 3 e c a r.
h
■
i
c <
^22
!
I
3
r
J_
tI
1
(lily Municipal 65 2 95
5
G
121 JHi h).(n»
7
. (rf)
Gokak
Builliongal
Konnur
Mudalagi
Town Mnnici
pal Council
do
do
do
.Io
«>5 -2 !V>
.V;,.
I II
J11
1
7
Oni» Full th
8
T wo J d a. y »
8
8
2
3
One full day
One full dar
8
One full (1
i
4
7
8
8
8
7f
8
One } day
Onefull day
One full day
One full day
One full day
One full day
Two j day*
. ” 8
Two 1 dart
15
r.5--2-!i*»
65-2-95
65-2-95
65-2 95
I<»7.nt>- 3*,i>
3«i
107.0» ..
Part-time wages
■Ji'.
l>aily wages female 2 -5(» . .
male Rs. 3-50
2!2.' Khanapur
do
fnformation not furnished
• Sanke.-iliwar
do
40. (Mi
107.00
1:11
Railing
do
Information
not
fnrni>lic<l
■>5'
^jadalga
do
20.00
25.00 ..
I ^udnvhi
•lo
8.00
22.01) . .
27. Hukkeri
•Io
65-2-95
28. • Chikkodi
do
UO.fX.i
lOO.i'H)’
..Si
<1«» 60. (M)
2 It i Ranitlurg
Io7.oo ..
it . Saundatti-Yelianiina do
65-2-95
107.00 ..
33
3 I Athaui
do
55.00
107.00 ..
32;
.. City Municipal 65-2-95
121.00 10.00 .5.0<J 20
Council.
Hkn)
3
Town Munici- 65-2 -95
3.00
i •
pal Council.
s
12
Citiiix-jl
.Xippa.ii
I
11
10
‘J
J:'.
10
If.
15
90
10
15
60
15
15
45
15
90
3 wo j (I a v «
o
o
’
■A
a 34.
Bagalkote
City Municipal 65-2-95
107.00 71%
Council
«
j
Guledgudda
- Town Munici 65-2-95
107.00 ..
pal Council..
[Hunagund
do
Inform;, lion not furnished
Badawi
do
4»-00
83.00 ..
^wddebihal
do
In forma ion not furnish, d
Talikbte
do
Information not f rnished
Savan-Bagewadi
do
65-2-95
121.00 ..
matagi
do
Information not furnished
do
CO.OQfixed
do
Daily wages
■
35.
N>
o
co
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
20
15
90
8
7’J
-* day
’.»
Two
a
8
One full (lar
8
Two J day»
15
’90
15
60
8
•-^•■1
■■
■?
One full day
■
One full day
I
Its. 2 per day
44
45.
46.
41.
48.
49. -
Stbakavi
Banahatti.
^makhandi
liiidhol
lahalih gapur
■U]
50. E"
51.
3idar
do
65-2-95
3.00
do
65-2-95
121.00
do
65-2-95
121.00 ..
do
65-2-95
121.00 .... .
do
36.00.
75.00 ..
dp
45.00 consolidated
do
20.00
City Municipal 65-2-95
107.00 10.00
Council
15
120
30
15
15
15
15
15
42.
42
2
7
Two J days
6
8
7
8
4
8
7
One full day
Two J days
One full day
One fullday
Two j days
One full day
Two 4 days
.
; !
' ,.-4 ■:
■■ <
'Si
■f
-■ • $ i
•* i
h- (ii -U' -G
q Jc c
C 3 J L Q
L
<7
C Q
>- U
1
2
52.
Chitaguppa
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
R
i
I
u u y. U. Q Q Q Q
W;
I
o
o
..
Bhalki
Humnabad
Basavakalyan
Aurad
Bettdry
58. Ilospet
59. Sirugnppa
K>
<[
o
60. Takkalkot
61. Sandur
62. Amaravathi ..
63. Harapanahalli..
64. H. Hadagali ..
65. Kottur
66. Kudligi
67. Kamalapur
68. Chitrlldvrga
69. Harihar
70. Challakere
I
3
..
71. Hosadurga 72. Jagalur
73. Nfoiakalmuru ..
74. Thuruvanur
75. Hiriyur
76. Mayakonda
77. Naikanahatti
78. Holalkere
79. Davanagere
80.. Chilemag alvr ..
81. Tarikere
*82. Ajjampur
83. Birur
84. Kadur
85. Narasimharajapur.
86. Mudigere
87. Ko•ppa
88. Sringeri
89. Hebbale
90.
91.
92.
93.
Kushalnagar
G;,r;iknppa
Poiinamp't
Suutikoppa
4
5
c
Ol Cijit . o r
7
9
11
IQ
1.2
Town Munici- 65-2-95
107^00
Council
loi/oo ..
do
65-2-95
29
do
65-2-95
107
do
65-2-95
107.00 3%
1/M
do
Information not far.xi bed
City Munich 65-2-95
121.00 10.00 5.00
30
pal Council,
do
65-2-95
121. IX) 10.00 ..
30
Town Munici- 65-2-95
pal Council,
do
65-2-95
do
65-2-95
107.00
do
Information not furnished
do
65-2-95
121.00 .
120
do
70.00 .
10.00 .
do
65.00
95.00 .
do
65-2-95
106.00 .
do
65-2-95
71.00 .
do
do
do
T.M.C.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do ’
do
^lo
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
<1°
do
do
Information n t fumiahed
65-2-95
107.00 3.35
65-2-95
107.00 ..
15®
32
30
42
Two i
15
42'
7
Two |
8
Two j
7 „ Two i
15
56.
7
15
49
42
6}
Two J
One ] <
7
8
One J c
15
15
n
Two 4
15
15
42
12
15
60
..
..
40
90
8
8
15
42
42
7
8
Twp l d
Two 4 d;
• -
15
30
8
8
8
8
Two 1 <
Two 1 4
Two i d
42
42
42
10
8
8
8
8
8
One 4 d
OnefuH
Two j d
Two 4 d
One full
Two 4 d
45
42
8
8
Two J d;
12
42
8
8
Two j de
One full <
60
42
60
8
6
7
8
Two 1 da
Or<c full d
. Two j do
Tw<» I d*j
15
15
..
Information not furnished
65-2-95
107.00
30
65-2-95
107.00 ..
50.00
89.00 ..
65-2-95
107.00
33
Information not furnished
65-2-95
107.00
65-2-95
107.00
65-2-95
107.00 10.00 5.00 30
65-2-95
121.00
Information nor. furnished
65-2-95 . 121.00
30
I formation not ftirni.«h<*d
65-2-95
102.00
65-2-95
107.00
65-2-95
121.00
65-2-95
121.00
Informs f ion not furnish cd
8
8
6
6
15
15
15
42
15
42
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
One 1 d
Oneful
Two 1 (j
Two 1 d
One I d
Two f d
Infonnation
not- furnished
65-2-95
63-2-95
65-2-95
65-2-95
107.00
107.00
95.00
97.00
1/H
.
.
.
20
15
15
15
■■■
:5
- - S- !
r
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
94.
95.
96.
97ii
OBJ.
99-.
100.
Kodlipct;
T.M.C.
65-2-95
107.00 ..
Shatdvarasnnthe
do
65- 2- 95
121.00 ..
M- rcara
do
65-2-95
107.00 ..
Virajpet
do
65-2-95
107.00 ..
Somwarpet .
do
65-2-95
107.00 ..
H ubU~ })ha rwa r Corporation
65-2-95
107.00 10.00 5.00
Gadag-Bet-g1 ri
City Municipal 65-2 -95
107.00 10.00 ..
Council
101. Naragund;
Town Munici- 65-2-95
pal Council
102. Shiruhatti
do
65-2-95
95-00
103. L akshmcshwar
do
65-2-95
107.00
w. SaVuniir
do
65-2-95
107-00
10^. Shiggon
do
Men 30.00
55.00
Women 25.00
45.00
106 . Hire kern r
do
Information not furnished
10«f. Mulgund;
do
Men 35.50
157-00 .
'Women 20.00
148.00
iq)8. Kundagol
do
65-2 95
do
Kalghutgi
IXtily wages
ii|6. I Ron
do
22-50
65 .00
in1L Gaymdragad
d<» Swrprrs 10.00
19.00
Scavengers 30 • 00
40.00
K>
15
9
10 11
12
15
15
15
15
42
15
42
Two J daya
One full day
Two j daya
Two 1 daya
One fullday
Two 1 daya
Two } days
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
60
7
15
15 :
15
23
30
10
8
One full day
8
6
One full day
Two J days
8
Two 4 dayt
8
8
8
Two 1 dayi
One full day
I|
id
r
p
K)
>**•
42
15
15
I
One full day
fii
I L L
i^.
Hanibennur ..
113. Haveri
114. Byadgi
;115. Almavar
Il ■'
|11.6. Mu nd argj
1117. Hanagal «
n.,
Sib.
120.
-AnnigAj-;
Nari-gal
Navalgund
..
Gulbarga
-•
ft i
K>
GO
Gunnitlcil
h23.
Shahapur
Li Shahabad
I
Chincholi
pf- dedam
37.
£829.
I
Chitapur
Shorapur.
411and
fe- Yadgir
ft r
8
15
o
T.M.C. >•; 65-2-95 - V
do
65-2-95
do
1 10.50
do Men 38.00
'Womm 28.00;
do 3fon
20.00
do M« nl 00.00
MTomen 70.00
do
12.50
do
56.00
do
10.50
CifcyMnnicipal 65-2-95
. Council.
Town Municipal 65-2-95
Council,
do
165-2-95
do
do
Jo
do
do
do
do
65-2-95
65-2-95
65-2-95
65-2795
65^95
65-3^95
65-2-95
107. 00 3%
15
107.00 3%
25.00
107.00 ..
107.00
10.00 ..
15
42
30
15
22.50
15.00
..
8.
6
8
4
8
Two 4
2
8
One fu 11 day
One full day
4
4
4
One full day
One full day
30
15
40
8
One fu 11 day
83.00
20
15
40
7
Two } days
..
30
15
42
8
Two J days
107.00 ...
71.-00 ....
107.00
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
42
45
40
40
90
42
42
8
6
8
8
7
8
8
■Q7.00
120
20
..
107.00 ..
121.00 ..
121.00 4.00 3.00
1/11
' ’
!
•
107.00 10.00 5.00
107.00
wi!
Two I days
Two J days
1
One i day
Two J days
Two J daya
OneJ day
Two j days
Two | days
Two j days
i
*'Si
- !
„
I'
x
o ■I R d
ri'- rt r? cf
er
O-CF
& 1/xy
o
l:
II
I
I,
■>
H«r <L .□
--f.
j d CD ■
O D l_
dko JLOJuGJSfeG 3 ft c o
t}CO u
I
^1© © r ©
o© 1
I (
Mh
r'l <.
Q
.-?■ u v u y u c
i
!
-'i
i
v
■!
!
1
131.
I
IH
I.
cC
-I
I
’ I
I
K>
a
0
o
III
I!
HcL&san
132. Arsikere
133. ’ Helenarasipiur
134. Arkalgcd
135. Cttauiiarayapatna
136. Belur
137. Baaavar
138. Elouanur
139. Sravana belagola
140. Alar
141. Sakaleshpiura
142. Kolar
143. Chikkaballapuf
144. Bangarpei
145. Malur
146; Gowribidnur
147. Srinivosapur
148. Gndibanda . .
149. Manchenahalli
150* Bagepalli
151. ’ Chintamani ...
152. K.G.F. (Robert-'' •
’ sonpet.)
3
4
5/
G
7
8
T2LC.
65-2-95
121.00 10.00
30
do
65-2-95
121.00 ..
30
do
65-2-95
<’.o tu'ojiaa i »«» trot f rhisbed
..
do
65-2-95
121.00
do
65-2-95
121.00
do
65-2-95
107.00
do
65-2-95
71.00
do
65-2-95
107.00
do Iiiformatio .not fur ished
do
65-2-95
107.00 ...
do
65-2-95
107.00 3.50
90
do
65-2-95
107.00 3%
12
do
65-00
30
do
65-00
100.00
do
65-00
121.00
_30
do
Vn
do:
50-1-60
71.00 ..
do
■ 65-00
107.00
..
30
65-00
do
107.00 ..
30
do
65-2-95
107.00 14% 3%
do
65-2-90
J65-O0
T.M.C.
do
65-00
City Municipal 65-^2-95
Council
156. Nanjangud .. Town Municipal 65-<X)
Council,
157. Huusur
...
do
65-2-95
158. K. R. Nagar
do
65-2-95
159. GundlupeC ..
do
do
160. Bannur
65-2-95
161. T. Narasipur
do
65-00
162. Periyapatna ..
do
65-00
163. Yelandur
do
65-00
164. Sargur
do
81-00
165. Heggadadevanado
65-00
kote.
166. Kollcgal
do
65-2-90
167. Clixmarajauagara
168. Afandya
.. City Municipal
Council.
169. Malavalli
.. Town Municipal 65-00
Council.
170. Srirangapatna
do
73-00
171. Krishnarajapet
do
65-00
172. Nagamangala
do
C5-00
153. Sidl&ghatta- ..
154. Mulbagai
155. Mysore
..
1
i
2
9
10
15
42
45
15
15
15
•15
15
15 ‘
15
7
3
8
15
15
12
42
60
30
30
42
42
42
15
15
15
15—
42
40
15
15
15
15
46
60
42.
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
7
8
8
Two j
Two I
Two f
Onefu
Two 4’
Two f
One I <
Two 1
Two i •
Two j ■
Two 1
Two 4
Two 4 <
Two 4 <
Two 4<
Two i<
One 4<
Two 4<
Two 4 <
Two 4 <
. Two4 <
J” -
107.00
..
30
121.00
Two }
Two 4
Two f
8
One f
Two f •
Two 4
Two 4»
Two f !
One 4 c
One 4 c
Oneful
15
45
42
21
60
8
8
8
8
4
8
8
61
8
30
15
42
8
One 1 d
30
15
21
8
Two } <
..
30
I5
15
..
l/Il
20
42
21
60
8
8
8
Two j’d
Two 1 d
Two J d
10.00 5.00
127.00 14.00
12.00
121.00
..
30
30
15
15
15
15
15
15
120
15
30
95.00
92.00
107.00
107.00
107.00
30
3%
107.00
121.00
16
15
30
121.00
107
107.00
42
40
42
8
8
8
30
15
42
42
42
21
30
One i g
7-',
s
1
2
3
173. Pandavapura
174. Belakavadi .
175. Bellur
176. Melkote
177. Maddur
1/8. K-artoar
179. Kumta
I
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
Bhatkal
Hcniiavai
Haliyal
Dandeli
Siddapur
.Ankula
Mun dago d
Siisi
Raichut
189.
Deodurg
190. Koppal
191. Oangavathi ..
192. Lingasugur ..
Mu dagal
IS L ’ Yclaburga
isi L ^Shimoyj
--
1 I j Bhadravathi
19|j JChar.nagiri ..
i[‘TirrTthahnlli ..
fclc^nrJi
20i S'yaniati
K>
3
2i piirHakcppa..
20 v
2a:
206
207
203
209
>ha<lmv:-.tlii (O.T.)
7
d<»
<*o
do
do
do
do
8
9
10
11
12
30
15
42
8
Two J days'
30
15
15
15
15
30
60
45
60
8
7
7
7
8
Two J days
Two J days
Two J days
6
Two } tfoys
§
Two} days
One full day
Ore } day
128.00
121.00
30
107.00
107.00
107.00
107.00
..
..
..
15
GO
21
8
8
7
15
119-80 ..
107.00 -.
107^00 10%
..
..
15
15
15
30
1/11
21
60
42
One full day
8 ’ o Two i days
8
7
Two i days
Two idays
•
107.00
..
15
..
107.00 3%
.107.00 3%
107 .CO 3%
30
15
42
..
8
8
8
8
7
••■
■?
One iday
Two J days
Ore } day *
.^vsuar
...
65-1-70
65-00
65-2-95
6“- Z 95
CityMiwiei^l G5-i»-f5
Ce.iinciL
.
T«.wi. Mai.ici- C5- 2-05
pal C--..r:ciL
*
211.
6
T.MC.
do
65-2-95 .“ 95.00
do
65-2-95
107.00
do
4Oto 50fixed 20.00 , ..
City
a 65-2-95
107.00 10.005.00
Council.
Notified Jrra 65-00
128.00 10.00 5.00
To wn Munici 65-00
107.00 ..
pal Council,
de
65-2-f5
do
65-2-95
do
65-2-95
100.CO 21 .CO ..
do
65-2-95
121 .CO ..
Kurasi
tfi ixnngar
foikaripura ..
k-rr.ba
Kagar
--
5
T.M.C.
65-2-95
do
do
65-OP
do
73-00
do
65-2-95
do
65-2-95
do
65-00
do
do
65-2-95
do
do
65-2-95
do
65-2-95
do
65-2C0
do
95-00
do
65—CO
do
65-00
City Munici
65-2 :5
pal Council.
Town Munici- 65-CO
pal Council.
do
65-2-95
do
65-2-S5
do
65-2-95
’
U ■ Sindhimr
13 j.: Kuslitagi
2D<
20i
4
107.00
107.00 3%
107.00 10,00
5
121.00 10.GO
5
CG.CO
7
7
..
-■
7
42
8
3
Two | days
Two 4 days
Ore } day
Two } dap .
Two 1 days
42
.
8
8
One 1 day
Two 1 days
.
-8
4230
72
6
8
Two i (lay3
One J day
Two jdays
Two 1 days
15
15
30
15
60 “ 15
30
15 ,
30
15
15
15
15
8
7
8
30
15
40
15
90
15 • 42
15
49
Tj
i day
Two 4 days
One } day
Twc } days .
30
15
60
8
Two
1/11
35
CO
7
T" o j (]nV3
' • . -.S
days
1
i
G & CT Cf (y/f-tl (J
3
CM-OUX-U5XiCU
o- r
!
■I
c
>.
m'ii
1... oAffb
r.
r.. n
i r
»1
O
■© C
.cr p c q r
V y U:'}V Q Q Q- 0. Q. Q, ex 11Q;
jC
/
I
v_J
1
iLI
212. Pettur
213., Karkala
214. Multi
I
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
I
5
oo
t
2
Tumkur
Sira
Tiptur
Kunigal
ChikkanaikanaitaUf
220. Qubbi
221. hDidhugiri ..
222. Pavagada
223. Turuvtkcrc ..
224. Koratagcrc ..
225. Y.N. Hosakote
3
4
T.M.O.
do
do
65-2-95
65-2-25
71-00
121.00 ..
107.00 ..
do
do
do
do
do
65-2-95
65-2-25
100.00
..
65-2-95
65-2-95
121-00
..
do
do
do
do
do
do
65-2-55
65-2-95
65-2-95
65-60
65-2-95
73 .00
121.00 ..
107.00 ..
116.00 ..
107.00 ..
121.00 ..
107.00 ..
6
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
20
15
60
8
7
7
One | day
30
42
42
: 42
30
15
15
15
15
15
7
8
8
7
7
Two j day?
Two | days
Two {days
Two Idays
Two I days
1/11
15
15
8
8
8
One | day
Two 4 days
Two 4 dars
One fJIda:
Two 4 days
■
7i% ...
30
...
r^» v
30
15
15
15
90
40
8
}
1
L
SUismant showing Retiring and other Benefit! In vogue for Pourakarmlks In the State.
SI.
No.
Bl
11
1
1
to
3
o
h
[
o
*
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Local Body
2
Has any worker
A re the workers
been paid
/« Gratuity and Pension
provided free
given to workers 2
Accident
medical aid ?
Compensation ?
3
Setuice Rule
Applicable
(K.C.S.R.I
K.M.S.R. Ac
Industrial
Disputes Act
4
; 5
6
Bangalore
Gratvity only puid
Yes
Yes
Channapatna
Doddaballapu ra
Kanakapura
Devanahalli
Ramanagaram
Anefcal
Magadi
Hosakote
Yelahanka
Nclamangala
Thyamago □ d lu
Vijayapura
Sarjapura
H.A.L.
Selgaum
Grati.ity only
Gratuity only
Information not frrnished
Gratuity only
No
Gratuity only
Information net fvn :sh(d
Information not fiirnish* d
Information not furiiishtd
Gratuity only
.Gratuity and Pension paid (?)
Information not furnisln d
Gratuity cnly
Information not furnished
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Information
not furnish*
K.M.. Act
Act
K.C.SJR.
K.C.S.R.
K.C.S.R.
K.M. Act
No
No
K.M. .Act
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
K.C.S.R.
K.C.S.R.
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.C.S.R.
J?
1
2
3
17
38
19
20
Nippani
G«‘k.-.k
ll-ii Uiongal
Keim i;x
21 r
Mu dak»gi
22 Khan;
—.iapv ia
23 San V siriwara
24 Nr.ibag
25 •Se.dalga
26 Kidaclii
I
Ys
Ys
l»-f<-rmati( r
t fciruihi t’
No
No
. Gratuity cnly
’'/‘■rn^lion net f.!n,jdu d
No
Information
not furnnba.
No
i
27
28
i!
11
B
Habak :vi Binhatti
Jamkhandi
Mudhol
Mhhalingapp^
Terdal
1: Sihdngi
> Bilgi
| Bidar
Chitaguppa
..Bhalki
|Hotnn3h;»d
pasavakalyana
BeUary
’Hoapct
iraguppa
«kk?Jkotc
51 1
No
Nn
No
No
No
No
No
No
Ys
' Ys
K.M. Act
K.C.S.K.
K.C’.S.R.
Ys
No
No
Ne
Yis
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yts
Yes
Yes
Yes
‘-Yes
Yfs
No
No
<No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Ys°
Yes
Yes
Yes
NoNo
K.M. Act
N.M. A _t
K-M. Act
Local
Authority.
K.M. A ct
Industrial
disputes Act.
KM. Act
KM. Act
KJM.-Act
K M. Act KC.SJR. .
K.M. A ct
*
KC.S.^.
YP. & L.Bi ,
- ^t.~£
_____
f■
5
6
'
Hadami
L 38 Muddebiha]
;39 Talikoto
40 Ba3avana_Bagewadi
;4i Kamatagi
^2 Indi
^3 A
Jlerur
crur
s
5
Xo
Chikkodi
Hnkkeri
29 Rnmdu
rS
30 r
S.uir.dntti-Y(Utlll.
una
31 Afhani
32 Bijapuj
33 Ilka]
34 Bcgalkctc
35 GuPdgudda
36 Hun age rd
!
4
--
No
Information not furnished
Information not fun_i6hed
No
•
{“fOTmaticnr.otfO)nished
Ko (PJ-given)
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yrs
Yes
Yes
information
not furnished
Yes
Yo3
No
No
y
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
KC.S.K.
.Km.* Act
y \ ?
N,1I. Act
K,M. Act
Km. Act
KM. Act
Km. Act
Ke.SJt.
km. Act
KC.S.R.
Km. Act
Km. Act
N.M. Act
Km. Act
N.JI. Act
k.m. A ct
KMMet
KM. Act
K.M. Act
^FWi
'«._J
L-/ Cj
mlU/
uG3>
D vJ U Q
CP © '
>
i .ll.T
Cl Z-
. \J> ,
.
.
C
1
i
W M-' • Q- (j: Qr Ct CjL Qj CK
2
62 A maravathy
63 Harapanahalli
64 H. Hadagali
65 Kbttur
66 Kudligi
67 Kamalapura
68 Chltmarga
K>
CO
K)
1
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
q -j ;
Harihar
Challalcvre
Hosadurga
Jagalur
Molakalmuru
Thuruvanur
Hiriyur
Mayakonda
Naikanahatti
Holalkerc
DaVanagcre
Chlkniagalur
Sringeri*
Tarikere
.Ajjampura
Kadur
3
4
5
-
No
No ..
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
K.C.S.R.
K.aB.B.
K.M.Act
K.M. Act
K .M. Act
No
No
No
No
K.C.8.R.
K.M. Actr
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
K.M. Act
K.C.S.R.
K.C.S.R.
K.M. Act
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
K.M.Act
K.M. Act
KaM. Act
No
No
No
No
No
No
L.S.G. Rule
K.M. Act
Inform '.tioD not furnis^ad
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Grati ity only
/
Gratuity only
Information not furnished
Yes'
- Gratuity only
Ibfovm&uoji not furnished
No
Yes
Information not furnished
No
No
No
Yes
Information not farniehed
No
Yes
Gratuity only
Yea
- InfofFuation not furnished
’
Yes
Pension only
No
‘
. i.\
fco
.
!
....
I
K>
CO
o 05
o
'OS?
;t'
8J •
85 Birur
86 Np.rasi mharaj apu ra
87 Mudigcte
88 Kopps
89 Mercara
. 90 H?bbab
91 Khnshalanag*;sr
92 Gjnikcppa
93 Ponhamp at
94 Sjiitikoppa
95 Kodfipc t
96 S.mivarasanthe
97 Yirajp:t
93 S^inwzirp. t
99 Hubli-Dharwar
100 G
< id ag— B^tgeri
101 N.imgund
102 Shiruhatti
103 Lakshm-shwar
104 Sav.mur
105 Shtggon
10G Hintlcf-rur
10; M Igni-.f!
103 K.’iulagol
Information not ftamiBhed
No
No
No
Gratuity only
In b.• mation n tfsr ishel
Y..,
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
K.C.S.R.
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.C.S.R.
No
Nr.
No
No
No
No
Y.s
Y-s
No
Ya
No
No
No
Yea
No
Yta
No
No
Yea
Ys
Ye
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yeo
No
No
No
Nz>
K.MjAct
K.M. Act
K.C.S.R.
K.C.S.R.
K.M. Act
K.C.S.R.
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K C.S.R. and
K.M. Act.
K.M. Act
K .M. Ac: ;
K.M.Aci
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K .M. Act
No
No
No
No
K .C.S.R.
K .M. Act
Gr-iU:i;y only
Y3
Ys
No
Y.,
Pciiaior. Oijv;
Ye
Yes
InE»rmation e-ot furnished
Ng
No
1
2
4-
2
109 K.Jgnatgi
110 Pun
No
N«
No
Ys
No
P^rt tim' workf ra ht net
no a- rvic-- nJ- b
cor-r th-, m.
Ys
No
1)1 Gij-r dr.-gad
.>112 Rar.ib. mi: r
‘ 113 Kr.v; r i
111 Byadgi
bo
co
rf*
Alnp.var
Miizekrgi
115
31|g
'll? Ilr.nagal
>118 Aiirjg: ri
119 Nan grj
120 Naralgurd
Ng
No
No
J21 Gulbarga
S22 GEimitkal
123 Shahapur
124 Shahubed
Yes
Yes
Yb
Yes
1
5
No
No
No
No
No
No
N<>
No
Ys
No
No
No
No
No
Pension only
Ko
.No
No
o??o
Nd
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
K.M. .4 ct
'
K.C.S.R.
. al. «A ct
k.c.s.r.
Mysore Par.chri.
ya th Riles
o
No
No
No
No
6
N.M.-Act,■
K.M. .Act
Industrial Dis
putes Act.
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.C.S.R.
K.M. Act
■
hi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Gratuity on}r
Yes
No
Pension only
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
-No
No
No
ChaDnarayapahja
Yes
Yes
No
No
Nd
No
No
Yes
Gratuity only
; 36 Belur
|| 31 • Uanavar
It 38 Konanur
BW Sravanabelgola
||W jAIur
■!
g 2
|F- 3
H 4
Saldeahapnra
sKolar
Chikkaballapu r
Bangarp, t
I>
0owxibidanu r
r
i
Yes
Yes
Yes
I 123 Shorapur
129 Alhnd
j 130 Yadgir
1131 Hassan
•132 Arsikere
‘33 Holenarsipura
34 Arkalgud
^35
*
i
I : 125 Chincholi
126 Sedam
| 12? Chitapur
g>
z
j
K
*—<•*<■
No
■/-
Yea
No
O
?%.
f-p
k
CF:
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
^s
No
No
No
No
No
No
KJI.Act
K.M. Act
Hyderabad C.S.
Rules
K.M. Act
K.M. A ct
K.C. S.R.
K.M. Act
3
K.M.Act
K.M. Act
K.C.S.R.
K.M.Act
*
K.CtStIi.
K.M/Act .
K.M. A ct
K.C.S.R.
•-’i
K.M.Act
K.M.Act
a
J
'■W
n.c.s.r.
N.C.S.R.
Industrial Dis
putes ActKlC.S.R.
N.M. Act
I:
$ {
& & & (M IX
ii
__ o
4
Wir
^LOJLQJ'L.
O iuJ £L
a
Cj JZ)
G
L
■
...
© d c o r c O •’> c
r* © d r* .c ©
o
ID"
J J L (J O Q o G
9/Q, n- o.;qlo;cdcdM
I
!
i
I
1
I
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
K>
CO
05
2
Srimvftsapu r
Qu dibauda
ManchenRhalii
Bagepaiii
Chintansani K.G.F. (Robert so hpet)
Sidlaghatta
!
..
.
Yes
Gratuity only
Gratuity only
Gratuity only
Yes
Yes
Yes
5
i
5
6
No
Yea
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yea
No
K.M. Ac<
K.M. Ac:
K.M. Act
K.M. Aci
KJu. Acz
K.C^.R.
Indu^tri^
..' putee,j
Industrie
. putes J
KLM.A<
No
No
No
155 Mysore
156 Nanjangudu
157 Huusur
158 K. R. Nagar
159 Gundlupet
160 Bannur
161 T. Narasipura
162 Periyapattana
163 Yelandur
164*&rgur
165 H^ggadadevanakote
Gratuity only
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yea
Yea
Yea
Yea
Yes
Yea
Yes
Yes
Yes
Gratuity only
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
K.M. Act
K.M- Act
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yea
No
K.M. Act
K.C.S.K.
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.M. Act-
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yea
No
No
No
Yes
No .
No
N<.
No
K.C.S.R.
K.C.S.R.
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.M. Act;
K.M. Act
.
.
.
.
.
.
:•
.
.
Yes’
No
No
No
K.OSJU
K.M. Act
K.C.S.R.
KiM. Act
K.C.S.R.
KJtf. Act
KJLAct
KJLAct
£LM. Act
£gl68 Mandya
|J169 Malavalli
^170 Srirangapatn a
I I
..
4
154 Mulbagal
166 Kollegala
167 Chamarajanagara
; -
3
^.171 Krishuarnjapct
172 Nagamangala
r
Pandavapura
<174 Belakavadi
* . 1175
irz
r>_ .
Bellnr
176 Melkote
177 Maddur
178 Karwar
179 KtimU
1
Bhatkal
° 181 Honnavar
182 Haliyal
- 183 Damiel)
184 Siddapr r
185 Ankola
186 Mandgod
187 Sirsi
188 Ralchnr
189 Deodnrg
190 Kappa!
191 Gangavut hi
192 Liiigtsugur'
Gratuity only
No
Gratuity only
Infymatron not furnished
Yea
“No
No
Yea
Yes
Yes
Information not furnished
* Yea
No
No
Pension only
Gratuity o! Iy
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
N«
P’-iisit-n only
K.M. Act
K.M.Act
K.M. Act
1
3
193 Mudagal
194 Sindhnur
195 Khustagi
196 Yelaburga
197 Shimoga
198 Bhadravathi (N A )
199 Bhadravathi (Old Town)..
200 Chnnnagiri
201 Tecrthahalli
202 Honnali
203 Shiralakoppa
204 Nvamathj
205 Kumsi
206 Hosanagara
207 Shikaripura
208 Soraba
209 Sagara
210 Mangalore
I
g
211
212
213
■
■2
CoondapuTa
Puttur
Karkala
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yea
Gratuity only
Gratuity only
No .
No
Gratuity only
Info: matioD not fi.rnisl.cd
I»f r.nation not furnish: <1
No
o
Gratuity
Gratuity on ly
Yes
No
Yea
Yea
i
4
5
6
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
xNo
No
No
No
No
Ycfl
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
kc.s.r.
No
No
No
No
Ye3
No
Yea
0^0
No
No
No
No
No
No
KM. Act
KM. Act
K.M. Act
k.c.s.r.
K.C.S.B,
K.M. Act;
N.M. Act
KM. Act
KM. Act
K.AI. A ct
K.C.S.Ii.
Public Health
PegulaiioKK
andK.M. Act
KM. Act
KM. Act
N.M, A ct
&
g£j&-
214
215
216
^17
P
£
Mulki
Tumkur
Sira
Tiptur
Yea
Gratuity only
Yea
Yes
Gratuity only
Gratuity only
Gratuity only
Yea
Yes
No
Gratuity only
Gratuity only
218 Kunigal
1 -219 Chikkanaikanahalli
220 Gvbbi
1221 Madhu giri
222 Pavagada
'223 Turuvkere
Koratagere
Y. N. Hosakote
Im
J
No
No
No
No
No
No
K.C.8.R.
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
: No
No
No.
No
;No
KM. Act
KM. A ct
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.M. Act
K.M. A ct
K.C.SJ<
r
■J
1 I
1
&
j
!
I
i -.
7^0^
I St I
(yK(y
0f- Q-:- 0i 0; ij O'- ' 0; 0- a- (J O G’ £&J
■.
L
■
□ J L feL U-J W1
feut# UuiF
Q O
c
Wii*
Q JD
Q
■ K -
STATEMENT SH0WWG
to
-------_____________
■I
J
SI.
No.
I
11
S
i’
f
I
1
i
J
■V
t :
■■
Bangalore
2
Channapatna
DovanahaUi ‘
6
7
Ramanagaram
Aneta!
8
9
10
1J
Magadi
Hos&kote
YelaharJca .
Nclqmangala
Have Loant
ffranled to
construct
houses
Frec or nominal
rate
3
4
4,525
80 Qiarters..Rented
5
at Ra. 10.
61
Doddaballapur
Kan&kapnra
5
Grau! er lloust.
-------- _Shes
56
35
Ho. cf Ca—
operative
promoted fi
Pourakarmil
6
7
Will grant on
request.
3
40 Sites only allotted
Fr'-e of Cost.
Free Sites allotted
Free Quarters
17
34
2Q
Free sites given
20
15
Free rites given
Sitee given
Utilised Social . .'
Welfare grants..,. .
Ji
-V?’
J
14
I
12
13
14
15
16
*17
-I
.
1
-
i
ii
2
4
!
1
1
3
s
Local Body
Total
M umber of
Quarter^
Pouraharutiks
Fret or Rented
Employed
s
Thyanxagondlu
Vijayapura
Sarjapura ;
H.A.L.
Belgaum
Nippani
18 Qokak
19 Bailhongal
20 Konnur
21 Mudalagi
22 Khanapur
23 <Sankesh\gar
24 Raibag
25 Sadalga
26 Ku dachi
27 Hukkeri
‘o
28 Chikkodi
29 Ramdurg
30 Saundatti—Yellanuna
31 Athani
32 Bijapur
33 Ilkal
34 Bagalko tc
35 G 1 dgudda
.
8
Free
•" sites given
« 14 Quartets. .Rent free No sites given
,
■
. -
f.
Loans sanctioned
13
6
28 Rent free quarters
241' 82.. Rent free quarte rs
49. Free quarters to 6
2
62
37
13
13
3
40
6
7
10. .Rent free quarters
8—Rent free
....
1
I...
....
...
13
23
19
26
39
146
50
132
42
8.. Re nt free
4..Rent free
10 Quarters
56—Rent free
50—Rent free
18—Rented
14—Rented
Free sites giv< n
1
Bite s given frt-.e
Sites give n
Yes
1
1
1
2 sites given
.
1
2
3
36 Hunagund
37. Badami
38 Mu ddc bihal
39 Talikote
40 Basavan—Rage wadi
41 Kamatagi
42 Indi
43 Keru r
44 Rabakavj—Banahatti
45 Jamakhandi
46 MudhoJ
K>
47 Mahalingapura
48 T< rda]
49 Sindagi
50 Bilgi
It i 51 Bidar
52 Chitagupp;•a
53 Bhalki
54 Humnabad
55 Basavakalyan
56 Aurad
57 BeHary
4
5
6
16
17
. <
9 .
12
32
56
20 1—Rent free
25 1—Rent free
11
6
8
108
14
12
20
o
28
s
|h'
7
o
o
4
• .-.:4
453 52 Twin quarters—
Rent free.
< ' j:
•4
*
p 5a Hospet
■i 59
I ?«0
1 ; 61
"I 62
Siraguppa
Takkalkote
Sandur
Amaravathi
| 63 Raiapanahalli
I .64 H. Hadsgali
| 65 Kottur
I 66 Kudhp
| 67 Kanniapura
| 6a Chtfradurga
69 Harihar
Si
70
Chalakcre
001
|1 Hosadnrga
72 Jagalnr
i ~3 Folakalmuru
?4 Puruvanur
•5 lliriyur
|6 Mxyakonda
■1
Naikanahatti
Holalkcre
. 19 Davanagere
, BO Chlkmagajor
. J Bj Tarikere
B2 Ajjampur
yjampur
176 ’
Pxee sites
26
8 2 Twin quarters Rent free
13 4 quarters—Rent free
«•
22
10 9—(Under construction)
16 12—Under construction
115
41 9 (4 Rented)
33 3—Rent free
15
Yea-^givcn to 10
Yes—Free
Yes
Yes
Ye; ■Upset pri.
10
4
32
4
13
356
103 .56—I^int free
48 28—*Rent free
13
'
Yes
•Sites togivtn 4o%
Yes
I n.o n.rt\rt'
- r?.(t r? a a a » » a a a tx a 0.0. 0..Q.9
!'J
_ O
■■
:
(Lf O «;C
CL- CD
C Ju'G
CL O sJCO J
O DujG CD
C- O —) C- CD CD
e
I
I
T.J-
?!
rx?- <r
t!
7
1
1
I:
!
1
2
r
83
84
85
86
-3
Birur
Kadur
Harasimharajapuja
Mudigere
47
83
89
90
91
92
Koppa
Sringeri
Hebbale
'
Kushalanagar
.
i
K>
CD
i
j
Gonikoppa
P onnampet
93 Sintikoppa
94 Kodlipct
95 tfanivaraanthe
9$ . Mercara
97 Virajpct
98 Somvarpet
99 Habit—Dharwar
100 Cadag—Betgeri ..
101 Nargund
102 Shirahattj
103 Lakshemesh.war ..
104 . Savanur
•••105 - Shiggon
106 Hirekerur
107 Mulgu?d
108 Kundgol
109 Khalghatgi
. > 110 -Ron
. Ill Gajendragad
112 - Ranibennur
-113 .-.Haven
...114 Byadi
r_-115.,Alnavar
. ..116 . Mu-ndargi..
?-7§ 117. Hanagal o
118 Annigeri
119 Naregal
120. Navalgund
o
12] Gulbarga
122 Gurmitka]
123 Shahapur
. 124 Shahabad
125 Chincholi
*'126 Sedam
127 Chitapur
128 Shorapur
129 AUand
£ 1
1
i
■
i
3
4;
i
5
I
1
6
/
25
11
H
9
10
II
5
4
4
5
Yes
Yes
< Twin quarters—
Kent free.
12— Rent free
5 —Rent free
3—Rent free
4
31
16
15
862
;3I2
35
8
21
3 Rent free
13—R-.nt free
14—Rent free
Rent free
342—Rrntfrec/O wn
39—Rcntftce
2—-Rent free
.31
2—Rent free <
.
Yes—-free
Ye.s to 3 workers
Yes—8
....
8
Yes
8
U
18
*9
....
20 .2—Rent free
67
........
81 .6—'Rentfree
•20
.-13 10—Rent free
23
12
U
8
31
290
8
21
30
II
19
20
22
24
.
1
Yes
Yes
....
........
Yes
r
1
i
1>
3
130 Yadgir
131 Hassan
i |
132 -Arsikere
Ji
133 Hoknazaipur
134
134 Arlralgud
It
137 Banavar
138 Konanur
t 139 rSravanabeJagoJa
| 140 AlUr
)■ 141
Sakleshpnr
H2 Kolar
. 143 Ch kballapur
|| 144 Rangarpet
I 145 Malur
146
147
148
149
150
GowribidanuIT
Srinivasapur
Gudibanda
VUUIUOUUB
y
_:___ _
Mancbanaballi
Bagepalli.
~
---------- ——------
151 Chlntamani
152 .K.QX
(Robertsonpetk
153 Bidlaghatta
154 -Molbagal l§5 Mygore
36
aujangud
Hunsur
58 K.R. Nagar
59 Gundlupct
60 Rannur
61 T. Narsipnr
52 Reriyapatna
' Yclandnr
H Sargu:
■ -g -^Sgadadevanakote
j
Kollegal
Chamarajansgar' ..
■1 8? Mandya
I | Malavalli
1 0 Srirangapatna
11
I
ti
I If
^agamangala
1 ■Ns.ganiangaja
1 1 !• Pahdavapnia
■j
I -I
•--!
18 Twin quarters—
Rent free.
60 4 quarters—Rcnt f^e
24 10 quarters—RfBtfrre
14 4 quarters—Rent free
23
21 6 Twin quarters—
Rent free.
5
12 2 quarters- £ent free
6
5
21 17 quarters— Bent free
51 39 quarters
°
45
23 14— Rent fiee
15
—
21 12— Rent free
13 Yes— Rent fiee
7
8
7 3— Rent free
•>
6
Yea
. Yea
' -ii
Yea
1
Yes
Yes
Yea
••••
Yes
Yea
Yes
jf!'
?=J-i >S^r»y-~
!'
j
32
139 fiO-Rent^
-■
20 *
73 5—Rent free
845 551—Rented
64 56—Rent fiee
30
29
26 26—Rent free
18 10—Rent free
23 Rent free quarters
12
8
12 12—Rcntfreo
6 6—Rent free
51
3Z 17—Rent free
tree
136
32 10— Rent-free
30
14 Rent free quarters
16 10—Rent free
25 6 Twin^iarters—
R'nFj^ec.
:
O —J
5
56
85
:• 135 ^annarajapatna
| ‘ 136 Bekr
s.
4
■■
•
■
C J, L- rt LL
•
•■•-
..
-
i
-m|
■
Yes
•4
Yes
Yes
..
Yes
-■
..
■
■.•>
•>
;‘-*
:
•|j
Yes
'' i .1
Yea
Yes
Yes
-?• i
-■. -si
s- :
■.
•.
" I
---
CL
U-J
(7^ -.J}
O «J)
C O
C O .J c
an
r
’
< ®
!
E>- -U/
HI
@
-W': W
W
I- : •
♦
5
I
.
reo
•<-'
VV
1
J
r
8
2
3
3
.<.
■
5
-A-
,174 Bekkavadi
175 B Uur
176 ,'Mdknte
177 Maddnr
: 178-J£aEvar
179. .Kiimta
..180 Bh&lki
181_ Honnsv&r
- r. -182L-Haliya]
^183 Daxideli
i
S
Siddapur
3
'
1185 Iniola
186 .Mundagod
187- Sirai
-188. Ralchur
189 Ikodurg
. ^.JSO.^Koppal
- 191 < Gangavathi
-^192<r,Ling«ugur
. j^l93.vMu.dagal
194 * Sindhnur
. T -.195.r-Kiuhtagi
- 196 Yelaberg*
6
/
8 8—Rent free
5 4—Rent free
23 -10—Rent free
28 28—Rent free
18 I—Rented
18 Rent free qu alters
. 24 -3—Rent free
. 31 R n t free quarters
14 6—Rent free
3.3—tRent free
7 : :6-rRexitfice
77 ..8-rR nt free
.192 40—-Rent free
15
....
;47
72
............
;u
.JO
23
18
: 5
-
....
.....
Yea
Ye.
Ye.
2
197 Shlvsinogga
198 Bhadravathi
(Notified Area).
199 Chahnagiri
200 Teerthahallj*
201 Honnali
202. Nyamati '
203 SUralakoppa
204 Ku msi
205 Hoaanagar
206 Shikaripur
207 Soraba
. GO
208 Sagara
CO
209 Bhadravathi
(Old Towij).
-210 Mangalore
211 Coondapur
212 Puttur"
213 Karkala
214 Mulki
215 Tumkur
216 Sira
217 Tiptur
218 Kunigal
219 CliikkanaikanahaHi
4
-A—y >
414
17
12
13 10—Rent free
17
II
15
-s
1
•. ■■•2..
o
26
10 8—R^nt free
24—Rent free
60 16—Rent free
87
Yea
Yes—Free
Yea
14—Rent free
q20
15
13
5
131
32 15—Rent free
45 10—Rent free
21
28
Yes
■
I
If!
- >:• f-'-x~ ----- - :c
II
I
220
221
222
223
224
n
■2
Gubbi
tfadhugiii
Pavagada
Thruvtkcrc
Koratagere
Y. N. Hoaakote
3
4
5
16
29
16
6
7
Yee
Yes
19
14
8
s
o
o
-
■r
—
IH
Statement iho^tag Pafana of Chndren ot Pomakarmru
I
k
Local Body
3ro.
No, of
Bourakarmiks
Children
Boyt
Girb
^<3
Schoo I Attending Children
.total
Boys
Girls
Total
’ "I
No. of
Graduates
from the
community
i
-J
•3
of
i
GO
O
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Channapatna
Doddaballapura
Kanakapuia
Devanaballi
Ramanagaram
-Anekal
8« Magadi
Uosakote
Yelahanka
I* ftblamangala
%
■ 2J Thyamagondlu
Vijay&pura
Vijayapura
Sarianum
'4.•«$ Sarjapura
fe
■
2
r1- Bangalore
i
I
....
3
4
5
6
4,525
61
56
35
17
34
20
20
5,587
4,868
75
52
49
21
10,455
158
111
91
43
36
15
8
83
59
42
22
20
16
8
1,823
8
19
4
1,030
4
17
2
7
6
10
6
i
---- --------------- .
9•
Jn
10
2,853
12
; Jj
9
r1
36
6
17
12
■
-
14
8
13
6
5
20
11
15
2
13
4
1
5
10
30
9
20
37
4
5
2
1
1
3
2
1
3
22
2
■
6
'
-
■
* |
I
I
•
o
■
(Ft>*
11
\
i "
7
Pourakarsniks
.. O Jlc. LOJCOJuG^)
dr d)
I
a . c* a t> a’ u Q y
d O wJ
Cj JL uj C/ O
C. Q J) C C 3
Q
11M 3r.>* ? Ct’” E.
1 f
i
2
15.
16. Belguam
17. Nippani
18. Go kale
19-. BailHonga!
20. Koimur
21. Mudalagi
22. Khanapura
23. Sankeahwara
24.
Raibag
co
25. Sadalga
26. Kudachi
27. Hukkeri
28. Chikkodi
29; Ramdurg
30. Saundatti-Yellanima
31. Athni $
32. Bljapur
33. Ilkal
34. Bigalkote
35. Guledgudda “
36. H.nagund
37. Badami
I
i
I
I
cp © ?
ra
3
4"
6
28'
241
30-
■< 3(X
60
49
89?
87
78
er
150
129
144
34
62
37
13
13.
42
66
T
8
9”
io—
8
11
19
F
18
15:
33
34
34.*
- 29'
5’
49*
32
6
91
19- *
8;
10-
5
15
2;
1
43
28
45
77
57
82
162
450
18
1
15'
65
40
82;
26 '
6“
210
34
29
37“
64
240
37
30
2F
102
70
160
42
169
32
329
74
52
12
8
4
60
16
24
- 21
- f6
11 _
6
I*
8
4
3*
4067
13
23
19
26
39
146
50
132
42
16
17
6
21
4'
42
li
98
I
27!
3
J
'
I
Ibj'
11
9
12‘e
32‘
56
20
25
II
6
8
108
14 o
12
20
28
o
30
44
23
12
36
34
23
14
66
78
46
26
22
6
5
2
129
108
19
237
30
32
40
72
30
1
14
5
14
10
44
6
24
30
1
10
3
3
46
7
29
18
75
25
8
2
10
3
453
176
26
8
13
2
1
1
!•
38. Mud de bihal
39. Talikofe
<0: BasavanBagewadi ..
^1. K .matagi/
42. Indi
43; Kerar
4
1. Rabakavi Banahafti..
1
45. Jamakhandi
46. Mudhol
47. Mihalicgapura
48. Terdal
co 49. Sindagi
o 50. Bilgi
co
51. Bidar
52. Chit aguppa
53. Bhalki
54. Humnabad
55. Basava Kayaa
56. Autrad
57. Bellary
58. Hospet
59. Siraguppa
60. Takkilkote
61. Sandur
62. Amaravathi
2
1
3
6
13
X’
2''’
5
1
2
3
63. Harapanahalli
64.. H. Hadagali
65. Kottur
66. Kudligi
67. Kamalapura
68. Ch itradurga
69. Harihar
70. Cha Hake re
71. Hosadu rga
> 72. Jagalur
J 73. Molakalmu ju
74. Thuriivaflur
J 75. Hiriyur
76. Mayakoflda
77'. Naikan&hattj
| 78. Hclalkcic
79. Davanageie
J 80. Chthmagdlyr
81. Tarikoro
82. .Ajjampura
| 83. Birux
8
10
18
1
3
4
8
9
10
10
15
14
20
24
35
2
2
4
78
60
81
43
15 S
103
54
15
22
6
21
15
10
4
32
14
16
4
38
9
20
6
31
23
36
10
69
13
3
2
8
40
732
218
91
31
10
30
718
214
72
21
18
70
1,450
432
163
52
30
15
38
14
68
29
o
o
413
356
103
48
13
25
11
I •
6
22
9
10
12
16
115
41
33
1
| 84. Kadur
85. Narasimharajapur
5
4
76
3
1
5
15
6
3
30
14
6
10
18
189
14
2
4
18
30
485
60
16
10
1
1
2
A
25
8
12
296
46
..•t •
’•
■
• •••
I
86. Mu dig* r»*
87. Koppa
88. S'.'ir.gcri
14
!»
.18
13
30
6
48
19
5
8
9
3
14
11
89 • Mereara
90. Hebbaje
Osi'?
.
Kuslialanagar
92. Gonikoppi>a
tj 93. Ponnanijx t
Il 94. Suntikoppa
rf;|!95. Kodlipet
|j- ,4)6. Sanivarasantlw-
31
16
12
28
7
10
17
II
5
4
4
5
4
16
15
862
312
35
8
21
31
8
11
6
4
4
1
5
15'
7
9
2
8
7
3
16
16
782
13
4
54
34
1,653
3
1
38
18
871
4
7
8
8
*25
2
4
101
10
12
326
3
’ ’ f
37
14
40
41
4
48
12
20
30
2
105
26
60
71
6
13
5
4
16
1
5
18
1
J-
^Sl
£9IIII
i si
£4
sg
o» I
1
!
97. Virajapet
)8. Somwarpct
>9. ; Hubli—Tyjianrar
)0. Oadag-Brtgeri
H. Nargi.nd .
^2. iSirahatti
;Lakshmeswar
*4. iSavanur
^5. Shiggaon
p>- Hinkerur
h - -Mnlgund
1
o
4
i
4
1
a
1
4
->!■
9
5
22
2
-Wp
8
14
16
19
Kundgol
P- Kalghatgi
0. |Ron
; trS *
/
18
10
28
2
2
■ -s®
4:
s
s
’-a;
tM
O J
=_ u- tx
e
o;: o
o
F
C O -J L- O
n
o o o it it □- .o«.J L
Uiill
n
u
' ! ®. F :
. if, n. j r, n A-v.
7r ©
sl
r
rl tjl
j
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
11G.
117.
118.
119.
120121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
12G.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
■■
i
co
o
o
!
|
i
c
v>-
JL
r©
C? 0 0*
2
Gajendragad
Ranibinnur
itaveri
By*lgi
Alnavar
Mundargi
Hauagal
Antigen
Narcgal
Nimlgund
Gutbarga
Gunnitlral
Shahapur
^hahabad
Chincloli
Sedam
Chitapur
Shorapura
AUand
Yadgir
ffassan
Arsflxie
Holenarsiputa
3
4
20
67
81
20
18
23
12
U
8
31
290
8
21
30
11
19
20
22
24
S3
. ’ 85
22
60
24
9r q
co
cs
1J-- t '- ■■■ t
6
5
7
49
4
8
9
2
6
10
.<•
75
33
13
67
35
7
142
68
20
5
2
9
7
5
2
16
19
12
31
8
3
11
4
4
8
2
2
4
15
21
50
11
25
37
26
46
87
I
4
38
1
2
36
2
6
74
25
27
27
32
109
100
71
29
.20
22
16
38
119
87
63
36
45
49
43
70
228
187
134
65
5
5
5
22
82
27
28-
1
6
5
7
50
120
48
74
2
28
38
21
46
1
1
1
I
I
r
<
9
I
1
J
H
iO
[
i'
rl
j;
-Arkalgiid
Channa^i vap;<tf aj,.,..
Bdur
Banavar
Konaimr
Siavsinabel^ola
-Alti.r
SakalvfilqHirx
Kolar
143. aiikhalhpurH
1
I
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
03
O
■
144.
145.
146.
147.
14.8.
149.
150.
151.
BangarjM i
Malur
Gnwribidnur
Srinivasaptij-a
Mauch** n a ha I If
Qudibanda
Ba"»*j>aHi
ChhitamaJii
152. K.G.F_(Rolrt*rt.cunp t)
153. Sidlaghatta
154. MuBagaJ
155. Mysore
156. Nanjatigud
157. Hunsur
158. K.R.Nagar .
14
23
21
5
12
6
5
21
51
45
23
15
21
13
8
7
7
32
139
20
23
845
64
30
29
G
17
23
1
5
6
16
18
12
4
13
30
180
52
90
18
o 36
19
26
26
8
3
4
15
172
49
1 Kl
16
39
16
42
44
20
7
17
45
352
101
200
34
75
35
10
10
2
14
16
24 .
26
2
21
o
10
6
68
410
- 26
43
1,272
98
4
94
340
10
61
1,055
117
31
10
162
750
36
104
2r327
215
15
25
70
6
1
104
18
18
2
C
5
2
24
12
5
10
184
II
3
72
5
22
3
4
4
1
38
5
3
6
100
14
6
4
176
23
40
5
11
10
6
-2
62
17
8
.16
284
25
1
1
1
o
1
■^59. Gundlupct
ItfO. Bannur
161. T.Narsipur
162. Periyapatna
163. Ye Ian dur
164. Sargur
165. Htggada Dcvankotc
166. KoHe gal
||
167. Chamarajanagar
168. yiandya
©
oo 169. MalavaUi
170. Srirangapatna
171. Krislinarajapt b
172. Nagamangala
173. Pandavapnra
174. Belakavadi
o
175. Bcllur
176. Melkote
177. Maddiir
178. Karwar
179. Kumta
18t>. Bjiatkal
181. Honnavnr
4
5
6
7
26
IS
38
17
60
39
- 14
77
31
13
32
18.
22
92
40
8
6
19
13
14
32
28
23
12
8
12
6
1
9
2
22
9
7
5
22
15
15
3
10
6
88
141
150
44
54
98
5
7
12
17
24 >
35
16
24
40
33
1
3
7
48
75
5
9
13
5
1
14
8
2
10
33
31
14
64
23
53
14
9
25
3
8
7
9
3
22
10
12
25
18
2
10
60
30
14
16
8
5
23
28
18
9
3
13
18
10
136
32
i
8
14
53
90
51
IT
3
5
14
28
'
■
..
- -
■
h___ _
■)
Ift
t II j
| 182
| 183
t | 184
I’ 185
J 186
| 187
Haliyal .
Dandeli
Siddapuw
Ankoia
Mujidngod
Sirsj
24
31
14
3
7
77
192
15
47
72
14
10
23
i 188 Balchur
| 189 Bcodtirg
190
1 191
■I 192
Koppal
Gaii«»aV;
GaiigaVathi
Lingasugur
193 3Iu da gal
194 SindluiLr
195 Kliiuhigi
l‘!6. lulabtirga
197? Shimoga
^19o Bliadnivsthi (N.A.) .
J § 199; Bhasluvatlu (O.T.) .
200 Channagiri
2-01, T'-Crthulialli
202 Hnluiaii
1^03 Nyainati
..;^04 Sh iralakoppi*a
x 205; Kuinsi
j -06 Hosanagar
c ? ■■
3
M■
30
33
17
4
34
26
47
258
2
3
39
232
64
59
32
#6.
6
86
490
4
49
10
8
59
68
49
117
11
10
21
5
6
14
3
12
9
8
18
2
2
4
1
1
3
3
1
8
1,500
62
162
175
6
125
2
300
16
7
650
25
73
20
- 5!
56
107
27
34
bi
5
1
9 -
14
21
35
4
3
7
3
15
850
37
89
11
/
15*-,
4;
| U Ch (J .1) O'
fj-- O- w:-
'...................
Ji-
^..4 C.. O -
F■
L-> O
9
4
3
4
2
8
u::- ■■l-■j.'
0^ ■y; ■■
.......... .
~
2
4
36
0 :'
20
25
4
3
23
18
5
411
47
60
12
18
17
11 .
18
■ it i
11.
C, 3 V.
!
L J
:
D'r
<Z/ 'T -z
kZ
!2 S 2
“ *
ERRATUM
:xi
‘ 'k
•“
i
■ cc
*-
ii
r\
cu
x
• n •• i-
S
!? 5
•r o- a ??
: = S S r- ci
:? : s
;? x : ?.' s £ 12 --■ 3 .:
o
A
|
<?« «
> l'L rti
« 01
5- = ?! S
Cl cc tf Cl -ft
2 2 •“ ?: g $ r,
I
I
I.t
Cl
51 - = a : ii $
*•'
r.
*>1
1;
2
S 7! S 2
x £i x xi
•/J
O0
c
•/I
= '
C0
s>; •
■ i
I
u
*-
FT
(F*
£
W-’flli-1'
"T*
F"7..
Wl
: k v. A B i? S «
-
iL {•IV « — S
= .i'x
H £ = % "2
<5
fi 4v. H£ £
g 3-5 v
ur
r “
2® "
•
5 ? ,/Z<
>4
5Cl 8
?2 2
2 2 2 2 S !: 2 S 2 = !,' n j
M •?!
!N IN N N N !?| <N C*! Ol <71 4l N $} >[ 2.,*
310
?
Page
Line
10
16
16
19
20
•25
•15
52
97
97
97
98
101 «
102
102
103
103
103
103
103
105
105
105
105
105
106
lOZlOS
108
111
6
5
5
22
12
4
21
(J
7
10
29
31
20
14
35
1
2
23
23
28
8
9
11
22
35
22
24
8
30
13
For
Read
time
limit
completing
some
employees
employes
service
• bi* vice
segregated
KOgcrates
(.Appended in Part Nine)
(.Appended in Part Six)
injustices
injusticies
condign
condinc
manure
mnnhuve
o
scraping
scarping
' Districts
District
former.
farmer
servicing
serving
provided with alternate
provided alternate
remuhnrative
remunerative
complained
complined
kinds
kind
cantonment
contoninent
into the question
into question
prevalence
pi'evohvnco
erradicatc
eradicate
practised
practiced
practice
practise
not only not allowed
not only allowed
burry
bury
suiter
sugcr ■
contravention
contravenes
agairs
affairs
line
limi
coinplcing
som
o .
13
5
a
o
j
n
o
?
'■
j
(")
Line.
111
111
112
112
Ill
115
116
Hi'.
I 16
117
IIS
118
119
119
IIP
120
121
121
21
123
123
128
129
131
132
132
132
133
133
134
131
134
134
13
22 t
18*
19
20
16
3
III
30,
17
31
35
11
17
34
9
21
31
9
18
32
4
10
20
27
15
32
10
12
20
37
(iii)
For
inos
wch erver
Bodio,s
disponced
which
have
65,01)
pepohs
burry
separately
cspecia !y.
utomost
ut forth
I’dniist
annuals
ohnlo
deprived.all
’ •orders yet
this brought
arrangement still
Pouniknrtniks arc
■ only of because of
place provided
place
stag
sperad
Thirthy
pledged ■
importune'
employees
wroker
then
................... ......
oontpnmont
Head
o>
most
»
wherever
Bodies
dispensed
whom
has
68,000
people
bury
separately
especially
utmost
put forth
amidst
anuals
chain
deprived of all
orders arc yet
this was brought
arrangement is still
Pouralcariniks have
. only because of
place is provided
places
staff
spread
Thirty
.fledged
importance
employee
worker
when
Pagt
Line
For
135
135
13!)
139
140
140
140
143
144
141
144
147
147
148
155
15G
159
160
•
161
. 103
164
164
164
168
169
169
170
173
178
178
— -
7
23
1
32
17
24
30
37
4
16
18
4
27
1
15
25
2
11
9
II
10
11
11 & 12
33
15
28
•24
5
1G
17
contonmcnt
pledged
Noraly
depend
sutisfication
of Food
hafo
’2g-'”'
4 •"
unemployjncnt
human
education the
and the Services
Currying night
off
advert
convertion
contact
construction
Hurijims
a reasons desire
wide ’
cn feta rins
names
conductive
adhere
basis
the
ovining
to be labour
This
using
is
nickers........ ...
o
Read
cantonment
fledged
Nearly
depends
balisfuctiun
for Food
have
employment
inhuman
education of the
and making the services
carrying of night
of
advent
conversion
connect
Constitution
Ha-rigii n (
areiis
1
a
u
« 4
<5
d
8^
J
■a?
0
j
$
C
■MUt/
V'
J
*
Cj
wiry
wifoteriiK
name
conducive
adhered
bnstis
they
evening
to labour
The
— issuing——
in
3
o
a
.. j
05
nv.
i
G
1
I
o
o
I
&
-5‘
fegSy ' ::
- =«^ • --—
j
>
1
4
§1 3 ?4 1?
s Hill c « = 5
I’
r
§ 5
I
■I § =
i
s
1
S
8O
I
2
£
**—*
= I .§.
i
- •>
J
§
it
Ki 1 111 ii
s s = g 2 S .f i '-z I
5
■ i
I
I-
3 S 2 00 3 £ 2 z s
S’ 2
5 5-S H ?J f! 3!
S S g
■
,£ SAS S
i •
< I
I
(iv)
......
--
1
u:
19(5
OQ' 213
213
220
XC‘
p* 222
rv^' 222
f '
f
.
rs
' A'-
■■
’(Tj
220
228
230
231
242
Jam
For
Head
25
• Hi
18
8
25
34
extend
inoriP.iutn
harrasment
red-tapisom
habicaru-
extended
moratorium
harassment
red-tapis in
habitat
to
19
14
30
29
3
7
carpcntary
iniporving
backgrounds
chi Id re
country that
It becomes
SO
;
.• •
■
;
.
v
<■
■
X. ■ '
'5
SfefA
W '
■ q^..
Carpentry
improving
background
children
Do not know
If it becomes
tf ■
• ’M
■:'■
O
o
'
■
^5-
‘r .
OK
h> ■
r6
)'■
1
CD
*O
'
!
M
! 3
e^.™_
on
£
Position: 1288 (4 views)