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NON-FORMAL EDUCATION INFORMATION CENTER
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ^7
Non-Formal Education and the Handicapped
in Developing Countries:
A Selected, Annotated Bibliography
Prepared by
the Staff of the
Non-Formal Education Information Center
1982
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION INFORMATION CENTER
College of Education, Michigan State University
237 Erickson Hall
East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
(517) 355-5522
i'
-2-
This series of Annotated Bibliographies is published by the
Non-Formal Education Information Center in cooperation with
the Agency for International Development, Bureau of Science
and Technology, Office of Education,
-3-
medico friend circle
[organization & bulletin office]
326, V Main, 1st Block
4
Koramangala, Bangalore-560 034
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword
5
Introduction
7
1.0
Annotated References
11
2.0
Individuals and Organizations
33
The Staff of the Non-Formal Education Information Center . . . . 37
-5-
FOREWORD
Through its series of Annotated Bibliographies, the Non-Formal
Education Information Center seeks to facilitate the sharing of
materials among those actively engaged in non formal education for
development.
The field of non-formal education is being built not
only by a diverse transnational network of researchers and practi-
tioners, but also by persons who are themselves the beneficiaries
of non-formal education.
For this reason, relevant literature is
burgeoning from a variety of sources often eluding those most
eager to access it.The United Nation’s designated 1981 as the International Year
of Disabled Persons in its efforts to focus attention of the world
wide special problems and needs of those with physical and mental
disabilities.
This annotated bibliography, entitled "Non-Formal
Education and the Handicapped in Developing Countries”, reflects
the increased attention this important topic is receiving in the
NFE literature and from international and regional agencies and
service organizations.
It has been compiled from the resource
collection of the Non—Formal Education Information Center, and is
the seventh in our series of annotated bibliographies.
Other bibliographies in the series include:
No. 1
Women in Development
No. 2
Non-Formal Education and Health
No. 3
Literacy and Basic Education
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No. 4
Projects, Training, and Strategies
for Generating Income
No. 5
Managing Development Projects
No. 6
Children:
Change
Health, Education and
The reader of our bibliography series will notice that some
publications and resources are annotated in more than one bibliography.
This reflects the topical complexity of the field of
non-formal education as well as the extent to which subareas of
the field have become integrated to deal with the issues and
problems confronted.
The materials included in this bibliography have been brought
to our attention by persons in the worldwide NFE network, thus
giving a sense of the ways in which many are addressing this
important area.
Because of the ’’fugitive” nature of many of the
materials, we have included full information on document sources
to assist readers in acquiring items of interest.
Though many staff members made important contributions to
this bibliography special acknowledgement is due to Linda Gire
Vavrus, Leia Vandenberg, Zachariah Chuenyane, and Milla
McLachlan.
In recognition of others who have contributed to this
publication the last page lists individuals who have served on
the Center staff between 1976 and 1982.
We welcome suggestions from our readers and invite new contributions related to this emerging area of interest.
Mary Joy Pigozzi
Director
Non-Formal Education Information Center
-7-
INTRODUCTION
Educational and training programs for the handicapped have
often been assigned low priority in countries with limited
financial resources, and beset with high rates of malnutrition,
illiteracy, and unemployment.
Additionally, altering public
attitudes to reflect empathetic concern rather than sympathetic
neglect has not been easy, especially where disabilities are
common accompaniments to such problems as poverty, disease, mal
nutrition, and war.
Ideally, controlling these problems would
offer the best preventive action for minimizing handicaps and
disabilities.
More realistically, however, to wait for that to happen does
little to help those who are already disabled achieve full, pro
ductive lives and make useful contributions to development.
In
recognition, the world community is giving increasing attention
to the special needs and problems of handicapped and disabled
persons.
How best to tap the human resources represented by this
segment of the population has become a major policy issue.
Designation of 1981 as the International Year of Disabled
Persons (IYDP) by the United Nations signaled international
acknowledgment that, though important advances have been made,
efforts to assist the handicapped and disabled in becoming equal
and active participants in society are still in their infancy.
-8-
The IYDP has served to encourage widespread dissemination of
constructive information on how such assistance can be effectively
integrated into overall development efforts.
Recently this attention to the disabled in developing coun
tries has been reflected in many of the publications and
documents coming into the NFE Information Center.
This annotated
bibliography consolidates much of this source material, and also
provides a listing of individuals and organizations presently
involved in activities to benefit the handicapped and disabled.
Topical coverage in the literature is broad, ranging from
the education, environment, vocational training, rehabilitation.
and health of the disabled to strategies for preventing disabilities.
•
Some of the important themes touched on include:
the development of relevant community-based training and
rehabilitation programs that reflect the local cultural
and social contexts and promote the participation and
integration of the handicapped in mainstream society;
•
the special needs of handicapped children, including the
long-term personal and social benefits they attain from
receiving education, vocational training, and rehabili
tation at an early age;
•
the need for educating the non-handicapped to change
stereotyped attitudes. so that they become better able to
deal with the disabled.
-9-
The literature contains examples of many programs in Asia, Latin
America and Africa which are incorporating the principles of
equality, access, integration and participation inherent in these
themes.
The bibliography is presented in the following format:
1.0
Annotated References:
References illustrating the
themes presented above are organized alphabetically,
In addition
to general purpose articles, descriptions of technical materials,
training programs and rehabilitation projects are included.
2.0
Individuals and Organizations:
A listing of particular
individuals and organizations active and interested in non-formal
education and the handicapped.
—Linda Gire Vavrus
-11-
1.0
ANNOTATED REFERENCES
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Acton, Norman, "Employment of Disabled Persons: Where are we
going?” International Labour Review. Vol. 120, No. 1,
January-February 1981. International Labour Office, CH-1211
Geneva 22, Switzerland.
In view of the U. N.’s theme for the IYDP, "full participation
and equality”, this article focusses on the employment of
disabled as the most important means to their participation.
The author begins by defining the terms impairment, disability,
and handicap - concepts which are often confused. He then
discusses the importance of vocational rehabilitation and
employment for the integration of the handicapped into society,
and suggests that sheltered employment be used as a transi
tional step in preparing them for open employment. After
identifying four criteria for suitable employment of the handi
capped - a meaningful income, productive work, normal social
relations on the job, and a continuous pattern of responsibility
and discipline - Acton discusses the present employment situa
tion of the handicapped, expected future developments, and
possible solutions to the somewhat pessimistic outlook, He
concludes with short descriptions of successful programs in
Poland, Japan, the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States,
and Malaysia. 14 pp.
Al-Raida. ” 1981, Year of the Handicapped." Vol. 4, No. 15,
February 1981. Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World,
P.O. Box 11-4080, Beirut University College, Beirut, Lebanon.
A special issue focusing on the International Year of Disabled
Persons (1981) and its meaning in Arab countries. Profiles of
Lynn Elias and Nadeem H. Shweiri, two influential pioneers in
social work and rehabilitation services in Lebanon, lead off the
issue. An article entitled "lYDP-Disabled or Handicapped?”
(p. 4) suggests that those who suffer from mental and physical
disabilities are not as handicapped by their actual disabilities
as they are by society’s prejudiced and stereotyped attitudes
toward their problems. Finally, "Services Rendered to the
Disabled in the ECWA Region” (pp. 5-7) summarizes the status of
resources and facilities available in member countries of the
Economic Commission for Western Asia (i.e., Jordon, Lebanon,
Syria, Saudia Arabia, and Bahrain). This issue also includes
Al-Raida’s regularly featured conference notes, progress reports
from ECWA countries, and book reports on issues of concern to
Arab women. Published quarterly. 16 pp.
**********
-13-
Assignment Children. ’’The disabled child: A new approach to
prevention and rehabilitation.” No. 53/54, Spring 1981.
Assignment Children, UNICEF, Villa Le Bocage, Palais des Nations,
1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.
This special issue delineates a new approach to the prevention of
handicaps and the rehabilitation of handicapped persons, centered
on primary health care programs, the family and local community,
social integration, and education. Articles discuss the social
inequity of disability — as poverty increases, the incidence of
impairment also rises; describe causes and consequences of dis
abilities; and outline preventive and rehabilitative measures to
be taken at different intervention levels of the disability pro
cess. Other articles focus on the mental health of the handicapped,
blindness, hearing impairments, and the training of staff in the
H
care of the handicappped. A section entitled ’’Innovative Approaches
includes five case studies, exemplifying the new approach, from
Jamaica, Botswana, Algeria, the Philippines, and Zaire. 224 pp.
****&***&#
Child Reference Bulletin. "Disability." No. 1, May 1981.
United Nations, New York, New York 10017, USA.
UNICEF,
The first issue of this new quarterly bulletin focussses on the
world—wide problem of childhood disability. It describes the
causes, prevention and treatment of disabilities such as blindness,
deafness, mental retardation, and physical handicaps. Authors
stress that most disabled children and adults do not receive the
basic rehabilitation assistance they need, though it could be
provided at minimal cost. Also included is information on
important policies, programs, conferences, and research projects
which concern the disabled; an annotated bibliography; and a
directory of organizations providing resources for those who
work with handicapped young people. This valuable publication
is directed primarily to government officials, policymakers, and
planners responsible for actions benefiting children in their
respective countries. 20 pp.
**********
-14-
Christoffel Blindenmission (CBM). Without Holding Hands. 1979.
CMB, Nibelungenstrasse 124, D-6140 Bensheim 4, West Germany.
Based on the principle that rehabilitation is not teaching a
skill but human liberation, this is a handbook of approaches to
vocational training and rehabilitation work in projects for the
blind in Africa and Asia. The focus is on the full integration
of the blind into society. Several pilot programs are described
in countries such as Nigeria, Indonesia, Malawi, Ghana, Hong
Kong, and India that have proved that it is possible and cost
effective for the blind to participate gainfully in community
life. Active participation in these programs is not limited to
sheltered employment and workshops, but includes involvement in
administration,programming, decisionmaking, evaluation, and
related areas. Furthermore, the handbook discusses several
important principles involved, such as cooperation and coordi
nation between governmental and voluntary agencies; establishing
close links between programs for the blind and normal services;
getting away from the prevalent charity image; and active par
ticipation. Also offers summary listing of income-earning
skills for the blind derived from the case studies, and a useful
section on starting a program for the visually handicapped.
Complete addresses are cited for those who wish additional in
formation on specific projects. 80 pp.
The Council Fire: The Journal of the World Association of Girl
Guides and Girl Scouts. ’’Handicapped: Life with a Difference.”
Vo. 50, No. 1, January-March 1975. The World Bureau, 132 Ebury
Street, London SW1W 9QQ, England, UK.
This special issue features articles in English, French, and
Spanish on the lives of handicapped persons, Girl Guide programs
for handicappers, and the relationships between handicappers and
the public attitudes to which they are subjected. Several ways
are suggested in which able-bodied people can help disabled
persons. There is also a brief bibliography on the handicapped.
25 pp.
**********
-15-
Culshaw, Murray. Vocational Training for the Handicapped. 1978.
Murray Culshaw, 7 Harrow Road East, Dorking RH4 2AV, Surrey,
England, UK.
This booklet discusses issues which have arisen in the context
of the advisory service on technical and vocational training in
developing countries in which the author has participated, A
short appendix contains useful sources. 16 pp.
**********
Development Forum. Vol. 8, No. 10, December 1980. Development
Forum, DESI/DPI, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10,
Switzerland.
Includes several articles which highlight problems faced by the
estimated 400 million people worldwide who have some kind of
physical or mental disability. Patrick Segal’s article "We Who
are Different” (pp. 1, 8) focusses on the significance of the
International Year of Disabled Persons (1981), the importance of
"full participation” for the handicapped, and how this can be
achieved worldwide. In "Crafting Simple Aids” (p. 8), Marlee
Norton describes a way of creating tools and devices that would
enable communities to address the physical needs of their handi
capped members. She also discusses the activities of PATH
(Partners Appropriate Technology for the Handicapped), an organi
zation which facilitates the use of simple techniques, inexpen
sive equipment and effective methods for disability prevention
and rehabilitation in Latin American communities. "New Tech
nologies for the Disabled," by Chris Cunningham (p. 9) discusses
new strategies and computer aids in the communications field
which can assist the disabled in acquiring a variety of useful
skills and abilities. An informative resource on issues regarding
disabled persons and strategies being implemented to assist their
integration and acceptance as productive members of society.
**********
-16-
Disabilities Study Unit (DSU). Rattan and Bamboo. 1979. DSU,
Wildhanger, Amberley, Arundel BNS 9NR, West Sussex, England, UK.
Describes an effective, creative approach to the problems of the
high costs and the inappropriateness of many imported devices
and aids for the physically handicapped in developing countries.
The report offers detailed working drawings by Miss J. K. Hutt
for the construction of rattan and bamboo aids for physically
handicapped children. Miss Hutt developed the blueprints for
these locally manufactured aids while working as physiotherapist
for the Spastic Children’s Association in Johore, West Malaysia.
The designs are an excellent example of how appropriate tech
nology can be employed to help the disabled in developing
countries. The designs can also be adapted to locally available
materials in other developing countries. 13 pp.
Dorta Sasco, Alberto F., and Aixa Duran Lopez. "Physical
Education and Sport for Handicapped Children in Cuba”.
Prospects. Volume 9, No. 4, 1979. UNESCO, 7 Place de Fontenoy,
75700 Paris France.
Discusses attempts made to solve the problems of children and
adolescents suffering from physical, intellectual and/or
social handicaps in Cuba. The article also describes special
education institutions which provide services for the mentally,
aurally, and visually handicapped, and those with behavior
disorders and speech impairments. The handicapped are provided
with basic training for productive work and are encouraged to
participate in a variety of recreational activities. The
physical education program for the mentally retarded includes
activities such as physical performance, basic and rhythmic
gymnastics, simple games, athletics, and competition,
pp. 470-476.
-17-
Eaves, S.W. Relevant Technology for the Disabled. 1977.
Integrated Education Project, P.M.B. 2174, Jos, Plateau State,
Nigeria.
Describes integration of disabled people into the training pro
gram of the Relevant Technology Workshop of the Plateau Board for
Integrated Education for Development. The project aims to
coordinate services to improve the welfare of rural people and to
provide training in appropriate rural technology through the use
of non-formal methods. A major portion of the document is a
pictorial survey of the handicapped at work making toys and
educational and medical aids. 57 pp.
**********
■ .. ’’Design Guide for Barrier-Free
Educational Building Digest
Schools.” No. 14, 1982. 1Unesco Regional Office for Education in
Asia and the Pacific, G.P.O. Box 1425, Bangkok, Thailand.
This issue of the digest provides information on designing and
adapting educational facilities so that they are accessible to
physically disabled persons. With pictures, diagrams, and mea
surements it gives both general information and specific recommen
dations for areas such as stairs, entrances, ramps, latrines, and
lighting and acoustics. 8 pp.
**********
’’Focus on the Disabled—1981.” National Council for International
Health (NCIH) Newsletter. Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1981. National
Health (NCIH), 2121 Virginia Avenue,
Council for International
---------N.W., Suite 303, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA.
This article focuses on the objectives of the United Nation ssponsored International Year of the Disabled. The NCIH Newsarticles related to health issues in
letter regularly includes
—
as
well
as notice of upcoming international
developing countries,
p.
1.
meetings and confernces.
*********
-18-
Hamilton, David. "Some Experience with Paraplegia in a Small
Hospital in Nepal.” Paraplegia. Vol. 15, 1977-1978. Paraplegia,
26 Maison Dieu, Richmond, North Yorkshire, England, UK.
Like malnutrition, tuberculosis, and alcoholism, paraplegia, is
a serious problem in developing countries. This article describes
the author’s experience in treating paraplegics in a small rural
hospital in Nepal. Based on that, he offers suggestions to
physicians who go to developing countries on how to treat para
plegics and establish rehabilitation regimens best suited to
local conditions. Also includes excerpts from an essay by
Tikaram Rai, ’’The Home and Hospital Nursing Care of the Chronic
Paraplegic Patient in Nepal.” pp. 293-301.
Helen Keller International, Inc. (HKI). Blindness in the
Developing World: A Background Paper. 1980. HKI, 22 West 17th
Street, New York, New York 10011, USA.
Well-organized descriptive information on types of programs that
deal with the education and rehabilitation of the blind, blind
ness prevention, and recommended research, particularly in
developing countries. The report notes that the rate of blind
ness in many countries is increasing at the same time as an acute
shortage of services for the blind is being experienced. Recom
mendations for future research are detailed. Also, a valuable
listing of personnel and agencies dealing with programs for the
blind and blindness prevention is provided. Annexes include a
report of the Task Force on the ’’Programme of Research on Control
of Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia, ” and the "Second
Annual Report of the WHO Scientific Working Group on Filariasis."
46 pp. + annexes.
-19-
medlco frfend circle
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330. V Main, 1st Block
Koramangai^ Ban0a|Ore.56OO34
____________
The Interconnector
. University Center for International
Rehabilitation, Michigan State University, 513 Erickson Hall,
East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1034, USA.
This newsletter covers topics of international concern relating
to the disabled. Articles include descriptions of projects in
industrialized and developing nations, studies completed and
underway, new publications, international conferences and
discussions of issues of particular importance to the handicapped.
International Child Welfare Review. No. 47, December I960.
International Union for Child Welfare, 1, rue de Varembe, 1
Geneva 20, Switzerland.
The
The focus of this issue of the Review is on the integration of
handicapped children and youth into society. As Father Henri
Bissonier points out in ’’True or False Integration of the
Handicapped Child”, the term ’integration1 does not mean
1 deinstitutionalization’—a process which may be very harmful to
a child if carried out too rapidly without careful consideration
of the child’s needs and capacities, and careful preparation of
both the child and the social environment which must adapt to
each other. A case study of the La Sitelle Institution in France,
for mentally retarded children with personality problems, illus
trates how handicapped children often become victims of
personal relationships. Also included in this issue is a list o
associations concerned with child welfare, and a list o new
publications dealing with the integration of the disabled. 56 pp.
(Each quarterly issue is accompanied by a Library Supplement m
English, French, and Spanish which lists and annotates recent
publications about child welfare and related issues.)
-20-
International Labour Office (ILO). Documentation: Vocational
Rehabilitation. 1979. Vocational Rehabilitation Section, ILO,
CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
A listing of ILO resources on vocational rehabilitation,
including basic documents, special subjects, seminar reports,
technical reports, ILO recommendations and resolutions, the
ILO legislative series and audio-visual materials. The pur
pose of the listing is to inform governments and organizations
concerned with the handicapped, about progress being made in
their social re-integration and vocational rehabilitation.
Information provided for listed resources includes: price
(if not available free of charge), language of publication,
and classification status at ILO. In English, French and
Spanish. 30 pp.
>’<&&&&&&&&&
International Labour Office (ILO). International Directory of
Social and Vocational Rehabilitation Resources: Vol. 1, Africa.
1980. International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22,
Switzerland.
A comprehensive collection of names and addresses of social and
vocational rehabilitation agencies in 39 African countries
presented in tabular form. Information provided about each
listed agency includes: year the agency was established;
persons responsible; agency activities, services, and functions
(vocational and social, in particular); categories of disabled
(e.g. polio, blind, number of clients served); administering
organization and other facilities operated by the agencies. In
English and French. 164 pp.
**********
-21-
*
International Labour Office (IL0). PRESS: News and Features
for the Press. 1981. Vocational Rehabilitation Branch,
Training Department, ILO, CH—1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
Based on the conviction that all disabled people have the right
to economic and social security and a decent quality and
standard of living, the United Nations declared 1981 the Inter
national Year of Disabled Persons. The articles in this press
release kit focus on the problems and concerns of the disabled
world-wide. Vocational rehabilitation programs under the aegis
of ILO, and other activities designed to ameliorate and prevent
disabilities are discussed. The idea that most disabilities
can be prevented is stressed. Also emphasized is the notion
that disabled persons can be helped to become productive mem
bers of their communities. Includes strategies for combating
drug dependence, alcoholism and river blindness; and a descrip
tion of an experimental program for the handicapped of Indonesia.
40 pp. (Also available in English, French, German, and Spanish.)
International Rehabilitation Review. Rehabilitation Inter
national, 432 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Quarterly publication devoted to coverage of rehabilitation
activities for the disabled. Topics featured in recent issues
include: Disability and the Developing World (2/1980); Rehabil
itation in Canada (1/1980); and the proceedings of the 1980
World Congress of Rehabilitation held in Winnepeg, Canada
(3/1980). Each issue includes information on relevant programs,
and lists recent publications on disability and rehabilitation.
One issue (4/1981, pp. 6-7) provides a calendar of.international
meetings and events through 1984, concerning disability preven
tion and rehabilitation, from the Council of World Organizations
Interested in the Handicapped (CWOIH).
******** iV*
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JUNIC/NGO Sub-Group on Women and Development, and Eva ZabolaiCsekme (consultant). Women and Disability. 1981. Available
from Development Education Centre, UNICEF Office for Europe,
Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland; or Krishna
Patel, Editor, ’’Women at Work,” International Labour Organization,
CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
The first in a series of kits on ’’Women in Development, ” prepared
by the JUNIC/NGO Sub-Group on Women and Development of the Joint
United Nations Information Committee’s (JUNIC) Working Group on
Development Education. This five-part kit brings together the
available information on disabled women, and the links between
poverty, disability, and women’s status. It is designed to facil
itate discussion of the topic, and to help individuals and groups
take steps both to prevent disability and to foster the integra
tion of women with disabilities into all areas of social life.
Particularly informative are Part III, ’’The Second-Class Disabled, n
which looks at poverty, education, work, marriage, family life,
and legislation; and Part IV which deals with prevention and
rehabilitation. Part V contains additional articles and reprints,
a bibliography, and a list of organizations. 120 pp.
Miller, K.S., L.M. Chadderdon, and Barbara Duncan (eds.). Partic
ipation of People with Disabilities: An International Perspective.
Selected papers from the 1980 World Congress of Rehabilitation
International, 1980. Publications, University Center for Inter
national Rehabilitation (UCIR), Michigan State University, 513
Erickson Hall, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1034, USA.
This landmark collection of papers from ten countries provides a
global perspective on the theme of the 1981 International Year of
Disabled Persons, ’’Full Participation and Equality.” Grouped in
five sections, the papers explore the philosophies, models, issues,
and outcomes of participation of the disabled in what is called
the consumer/disability movement. The themes which emerge center
on the problems faced by disabled persons as individuals; their
participation in action groups, working through organizations to
attain common goals; the impact of such groups on services and
rehabilitation; and the social implications of the participation
of disabled people. The final paper presents the basic structure
of a new coalition of persons with disabilities from both developing
and developed countries, which was established at the World Con
gress from a unanimous decision of over 300 disabled participants.
This organization, called Disabled People’s International, aims to
promote full participation, equal opportunity, and integration of
the disabled in all aspects of life in every society of the world.
157 pp.
&>’«********
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"1981 International Year of Disabled Persons.”
The Associates Newsletter. Vol. 2, No. 2, Winter 1981. Global
Education Associates, 552 Park Avenue, East Orange, New Jersey
07017, USA.
Muller, Robert.
An excerpt from Muller’s statement to the 1980 Meeting of NonGovernmental Organizations (NGOs) concerning the International
Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP). Muller states that major causes
for handicaps vary somewhat around the world. In developing
countries problems of malnutrition, chronic diseases, and lack of
health care are still the major factors; but automobile accidents,
the major cause of disabilities in industrialized countries, are
rapidly adding a new source of problems. And almost half of all
automobile accidents are alcohol-related. War also is a major
cause of physical and mental disabilities, for civilians and com
batants alike. In helping to alleviate the problems of the
disabled, NGOs have a long history of working in defense of the
handicapped and down-trodden. The United Nations and governments
can also assist those who are handicapped and help in the preven
tion of handicaps by working to prevent war, deterioration of the
environment, drug abuse and unsafe working conditions, pp. 1 2.
**********
New Internationalist. "The Disabling World: A Special Issue for
No. 95, January
the International Year of Disabled Persons.
1981. New Internationalist, Montagu House, High Street, Huntingdon
PE18 6EP, Cambridgeshire, England, UK; or New Internationalist,
113 Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
The central theme of this issue is helping to integrate handicapped
persons into the mainstream of society. Several articles dealing
with the care and rehabilitation of the disabled stress the need
for providing low cost, community-based care; combating poverty, a
major cause of disability in developing countries; and educating
non-handicapped persons to better deal with the disabled. A number
of controversial topics are also covered. ”The Devil s Alternative,
by Dexter Tiranti discusses the drug "clioquinol” and its use in
developing countries to treat intestinal infections despite a ban
on its use in industrialized nations because of its link to harmful
side-effects. In addition, the subject of mental illness receives
attention. David John, in ’’The Maze of the Mind,’ describes the
main kinds, causes, and symptoms of mental illness. In ’The Hidden
40 Million," Sue Tuckwell concludes that the incidence of severe
pychiatric disorders related to emotional stress is as much a
problem in developing countries as it is in industrialized countries.
33 pp.
sk^?********
-24-
One in Ten. Rehabilitation International, 432 Park Avenue South,
New York, New York 10016, USA; or UNICEF, Palais des Nations,
CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.
A quarterly newsletter aiming "to prevent childhood disabilities
and to help disabled children." Vol. 2, No. 1, 1982 focuses on
the extent of mental health problems among children in the
developing world, and suggests ways of dealing with them, including
training health workers, teachers, and parents to be sensitive to
children’s emotional needs and to detect disorders early. This
issue also outlines the characteristics of both retardation and
mental illness, and provides several useful sources of information
on children’s mental health in developing countries. 4 pp.
**********
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD),
Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI). The
Education of the Handicapped Adolescent. 1978. Director of
Information, OECD, Rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.
Interim report describing the first phase of an educational pro
ject being conducted by CERI, designed for handicapped adolescents.
The project was started in recognition of some major problems
experienced by such adolescents, and the report describes issues
affecting the development of services for handicapped young people
in OECD member countries. ’’Handicap’' is defined and a classifica
tion system offered for identifying degrees of disability. The
special problems and needs of handicapped adolescents; their
schooling, school-leaving, and adjustments to working life; and
services to improve the quality of life are discussed. The report
advocates that handicapped adolescents should be integrated into
the mainstream of society, since they have so much in common with
able-bodied young people. A valuable resource for designers and
planners of projects for handicapped persons. 40 pp.
******** * *
-25-
Pappas V., V. Smead, T. Miller, and M. Tracy. Deinstitutionali
zation: An Ecological Response. 1976. Developmental Training
Center, 2853 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA.
A brochure promoting deinstitutionalization—a process of helping
handicapped persons develop new and various behaviors in response
to a greater variety of settings. The ecological approach to
deinstitutionalization is based on the idea that the handicapped
person has psychological, physical, and social needs that can
often best be met in less restrictive environments that allow for
continuing growth. 24 pp.
**********
Partners. Partners of the Americas (National Association of the
Partners of the Alliance, Inc.), 2001 S St., N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20009, USA.
The bimonthly newsletter of Partners of the Americas, an associa
tion aiming to promote and support technical assistance and self
help projects and exchanges between the United States and Latin
America. Several recent issues report on projects for the handi
capped, including one to use appropriate technology in developing
low-cost aids such as educational materials and equipment, wheel
chairs, and furniture. (Vol. 11, No. 1, December 1978-January
1979, p.l). Another describes a training school for blind farmers
in Guatemala, where, for 8-12 months they learn how to grow vege
tables, raise small animals and fish, manage a dairy farm, build
houses, and read braille. (Vol. 10, No. 2, March-April 1978,
p. 4). A third details the efforts of a genetic specialist in
Costa Rica and an audiologist in Oregon to establish an acoustical
chamber for auditory testing in Costa Rica, where there is a high
incidence of hearing impairment. (Vol. 13, No. 1, March-April
1981, pp. 7-8).
**********
-26-
Peace Corps Times. Vol. 3, No. 4, September/October 1980. Peace
Corps, Information Collection and Exchange, 806 Connecticut Avenue,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20525, USA.
This issue focuses on the handicapped and disabled. A number of
Peace Corps-sponsored projects for rehabilitating and educating
the disabled in developing countries are described, including ones
in the Philippines, Pakistan, Costa Rica, Morocco, Ethiopia, The
Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria and other African countries. Of major
interest are recent Peace Corps efforts to recruit volunteers with
disabilities for work in these projects. For example, one article
describes how hearing-impaired volunteers were recruited for a
deaf rehabilitation program in Philippine communities. 8 pp.
Published monthly, the Peace Corps Times is a valuable resource on
current developments in social services and assistance being pro
vided in developing countries.
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Portage Project. Portage Report. 1980.
Box 564, Portage, Wisconsin 53901, USA.
Portage Project, Cesa 12,
A progress report covering the first ten years of the Portage Pro
ject, an educational service organization based in Wisconsin, USA,
whose main goal is to design and develop a model community-based
program for assisting handicapped preschool children and their
parents. The project stresses the importance of educating parents
to be more aware of and therefore better able to provide for the
special physical and emotional needs of their children. This
report includes descriptions of the Portage Project Model in action
in both the United States and other countries, including the United
Kingdom, Ireland, Latin America, Jamaica, Canada, and the Pacific
area. Also available are brochures listing various educational
materials which have been developed by the project staff. Of parti
cular interest to those who develop and design programs for handi
capped and disabled children. 8 pp. Further information on the
Portage Project is available by writing: Special Projects Coordi
nator, Portage Project, 412 East Slifer Street, Portage, Wisconsin
53901, USA.
-2.1-
Rehabilitation International. Progress in the Decade of
Rehabilitation. 1978. Rehabilitation International, 432 Park
Avenue South, New York, New York 10016, USA.
A progress report describing the various activities of Rehabilita
tion International. This organization aims to draw attention to
worldwide problems of physical and mental disabilities, and to
sponsor projects, primarily in developing countries, to assist in
solving them. The report details the organizational structure of
Rehabilitation International and describes technical assistance
projects sponsored by that group which have been successful in
initiating rehabilitation programs around the world. 34 pp.
-k-k-k-k-k-k-k
SHARE Community Limited. SHARE Limited: What is Share? 1980/81.
SHARE Community Limited, 177 Battersea High Street SW 11, London,
England, UK.
A brochure describing the concept of SHARE, based on a principle
of self-help; its objectives; and types of employment skills
training projects it conducts. Projects include a sales unit
and shop, in which employees learn ’’trading”, such as buying,
selling, pricing, and invoicing; a print workshop where they
learn print origination, layout, and other operations; and a
Self-Help Information Bank which "employs and trains disabled
people in the collation, analysis, and publication of informa
tion on self-help groups.” 8 pp.
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-28-
Sethi, P.K. "The Jaipur Foot: Stand Up and Walk." Voluntary
Action. Vol. 23, No. 11, June 1981. Association of Voluntary
Agencies for Rural Development (AVARD), Sagar Printers and Pub
lishers, 5 Deen Dayas Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi 110 002, India.
At the Sawai Man Singh Hospital in Jaipur, India, a group of doctors
and local artisans is designing artificial limbs and prosthetic aids
appropriate for rural conditions and activities and providing them
at low cost, or free, to the rural poor. Known as the Jaipur limb,
the artificial leg does not require wearing shoes, as the western
models do, and allows the wearer to squat and sit cross-legged.
The author outlines several of the problems encountered in the
attempt to extend the use of this more appropriate technology
to other regions. Lack of support from professional colleagues,
and the exploitation of their role by artisans in governmental
hospitals, are major obstacles. Nevertheless, the author concludes
that it could become possible to provide effective rehabilitation
aids to the poor all over the country if the medical profession
would accept such appropriate technology, cooperate with local
artisans, and find a way to pay these artisans an equitable wage.
pp. 429-431, 435. (See also Tuli, J. "The Jaipur Limb.")
SKIP Newsletter. Skills for Progress (SKIP), 72 Brigade Road,
Bangalore 560 025 India.
Several recent issues of this newsletter of Skills for Progress,
an association of private technical schools in India, focus on
handicappers. No. 64, August 1981 contains several articles on
opportunities and efforts to help disabled persons find meaningful
work and acceptance in society, ’’WORTH - Its Worth" (pp. 2-5)
describes the progress made in WORTH — Workshop for Rehabilitation
and Training of the Handicapped - to provide training and employ
ment for handicapped persons, with the goal of their attaining
economic self-sufficiency. In "The Disabled in the Production
Unit" (pp. 12-15), N. Krishnamurthy considers some of the factors
that could help or hinder the handicapped person’s efforts to
contribute to production in society. Another issue, No. 66,
December 1981 contains a useful listing of resource materials for
working with disabled persons.
f.i9nd cireld
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Bangalore.500 034
Tomkiewicz, Stanislaw. ’’The Mentally Retarded or MultiplyHandicapped - Children Whose Development Is Severely Retarded. n
International Child Welfare Review. Vol. 51, December 1981.
International Union for Child Welfare, Post Box 41, 1211 Geneva
20, Switzerland.
L
The author discusses concepts used in the diagnosis, placement,
and treatment of children with multiple handicaps. He distin
guishes between "bio-psychological” and "socio-phychogenic" dis
orders, and also discusses psychoses and behavior disorders.
Tomkiewicz suggests that the use of the concept "multiply-handi
capped” may make those working with handicapped chilren more
sensitive to the variety of combinations in which handicaps can
occur. This may facilitate integrating children with more than
one handicap into care facilities that have thus far admitted
only less handicapped children, pp. 25-36.
**********
Tracey M.L., S. Gibbins, and F.W.
h’.W. Kladder.
Kiaaaer. Case Conference:—A
Simulation and Source Book. 1976. Developmental Training Center,
Indiana University, 2853 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, Indiana
47401, USA.
Addresses various professional and legal issues facing contemporary
American education with regard to the treatment of handicapped
populations and the role of the professional service-provider. The
Case Conference materials were designed as part of the procedural
model applicable to all handicapped individuals regardless of the
type or severity of the particular condition. Three interrelated
processes are explored: the Case Conference process (a decision
making model which examines decisions regarding educational problems
and possible special programming as a response to these problems);
the Information Collection process (in which a child’s behavior can
be assessed and specific needs identified); and the Implementation
process (which includes the identification of appropriate resources
and their application to learning contexts). Section II (Simulation
Materials) contains practical exercises designed to address each of
the processes and illustrate how they can be used semi-independently
or together. 275 pp. (Also available from Developmental Training
Center are Case Conference: A Simulation and Source Book, Training
Manual, 69 pp. and Case Conference: A Simulation Dealing With the
Severely Handicapped, Training Manual. 58 pp.
** ****** **
-30-
Tuli, Jitendra. ’’The Jaipur Limb.” World Health. December 1981.
World Health Organization (WHO), Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27,
Switzerland.
A brief article on the work of the Rehabilitation and Research
Centre in Jaipur, India. At the center, artificial limbs made by
local artisans are provided to the rural poor at a cost they can
afford. The author describes the Jaipur limb which, in contrast
to the standard Western design, has a foot-piece that looks like
a natural foot, and allows the wearer to squat and sit crosslegged. pp. 2-5. (See also Sethi, P.K. ’’The Jaipur Foot: Stand
Up and Walk.”)
________ Its Prevention and Rehabilitation.
Childhood Disability:
Unesco. ____
E/ICEF/L.1410. 1980. Unesco, One United Nations Plaza, New York,
New York 10017, USA.
A comprehensive report of a study designed to investigate the
plight of children with physical and/or mental disabilities, The
report probes measures being taken to help them by Rehabili
tation International for UNICEF. It covers these categories:
disability among the world’s children, including its causes and
types; its consequences; and ways to help children deal with it.
Also provided are recommendations for a UNICEF action strategy.
The report includes an easy-to-follow annex detailing causes and
prevention of impairment, as well as information on field
observations in selected countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America,
and the Middle East. A useful resource for persons concerned
with the planning and design of rehabilitation programs for
handicapped persons, especially in the developing countries. 31 PP**********
Unesco. Co-Action for the Disabled.
Fontenoy, 75700 Paris, France.
1981.
Unesco, 7 Place de
A booklet describing Unesco’s Co-Action Programme, a scheme
designed to build self-help and international cooperative efforts
to provide equipment and facilities for training the handi
capped in schools, centers, and other projects in developing
countries. The booklet gives prospective sponsors - individuals
or groups - pertinent information about a number of programs
undertaken by Co-Action during 1981, the UN International Year of
Disabled Persons. 37 pp.
**********
j
-31-
UNICEF. Can Disability Be Prevented? Yes, If You Help Now! n.d.
Press/Information Office, UNICEF East Asia and Pakistan Regional
Office, P.O. Box 2-154, Bangkok, Thailand.
L
Presents sixteen case studies of individuals in Asia who are
concerned with the handicapped. Most of the studies focus on
disabled persons, though some describe the problems faced by
parents of handicapped persons, or other individuals and
organizations working with the disabled. The central themes
running throughout the booklet are the dignity of the handi
capped as people and the importance for maximizing the potential
of each as a capable and self-reliant human being. 72 pp.
**********
The Urban Edge. "Urban Social Services: Going Beyond Charity."
Vol. 4, No. 4, April/May 1980. Council for International Urban
Liason, 818 18th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006, USA.
The theme of this issue centers on the care and rehabilitation of
the handicapped and disabled. Articles that describe approaches
to rehabilitation useful for developing countries stress compre
hensive programs that integrate medical, educational, psychologi
cal, and vocational components. Additional topics cover aids for
the physically handicapped; mental health services; alcoholism
treatment; assistance for the aged; and helping disadvantaged
youths. Includes examples of noteworthy programs and facilities
in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe. 6 pp. The Urban Edge
is published monthly; each issue focuses on a topic relevant to
the needs and interests of urban communities in developing
countries.
**********
CCTD Newsletter.
Vetchaitak, S. "The Disabled and Thai Society." __
__
___
Catholic
Council
of
Thailand
for Devel
September-October 1981.
opment (CCTD), 2508-2510 Soi Saensuk, Prachasongkroh Road, Bangkok
4, Thailand.
This issue is devoted to the handicapped in Thailand, It begins
with the argument that since poverty—and the malnutrition that
accompanies it—is the principle cause of disability, the handi
- -by fighting
-- ' •
author --then. details
capped can be -helped
poverty., The
-- -----the^work of both private and governmental agencies in providing
education and other services for the handicapped. A portrait of
the disabled in Thai society—their needs and feelings—concludes
the issue. 8 pp.
**********
L
O3T-H-
OOC
y it ft
-32-
World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGS). Girls
of Today, Women of Tomorrow. n.d. The World Bureau, WAGGS,
132 Ebury Street, London SW1W 9QQ, England, UK.
One of the four vocational training projects described in this
pamphlet is the ’’Vocational Rehabilitation Centre for Handi
capped Girls in Lagos, Nigeria." The Centre aims to enable handi
capped girls to earn their own living by training them in typing,
shorthand, sewing, embroidery, dressmaking, and other traditional
crafts. 6 pp.
**********
World Extension Scouting Committee, World Scout Bureau. These
Our Brothers: Scouting with the Handicapped. 1975. World
Extension Scouting Committee, World Scout Bureau, Case Postale
78, 1211 Geneva 4, Switerland.
Based on the assumption that both handicapped and normal boys
share the same needs, interests, and emotions, the World Scout
Bureau aims to integrate handicapped boys into their programs.
This pamplet outlines the procedures to follow and things to
consider when introducing a handicapped boy to scouting.
Emphasizing what handicapped persons can do, focussing on their
abilities rather than their disabilities, is a key point.
16 pp.
**********
World Health. "International Year of Disabled Persons." January
1981. World Health Organization (WHO), Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva
27, Switzerland.
Special issue devoted to the 1981 International Year of Disabled
Persons (IYDP). Contains a collection of thoughtful and thought
provoking articles which not only focus on rehabilitation, but
also emphasize the prevention of disabilities, particularly in
developing countries. Topics covered include: the rights of the
disabled to participate fully in the societies to which they
belong; the importance of educating the attitudes of the ablebodied to dispel prevailing myths and assumptions about the handi
capped; improving accessibility to buildings and other structures,
training the disabled in community-based programs; and expanding
services now available for disabled children. The contributing
authors lend support for IYDPTs theme of "Full Participation and
Equality.” An informative and valuable resource for program
planners. Available also in French, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic,
and Persian. 31 pp.
**********
-33-
2.0
INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS
-34-
Associacao Brasileira de Educacao de Deficientes Visuais (ABEDEV),
Rua Prof. Carlos Rath, 198 Sao Paulo, 05462, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Mrs. J. B. Campbell, Zambia Commission for IYDP, P.O. Box 33326,
Lusaka, Zambia.
Don Caston, Handicapped Education and Research Unit, City of London
Polytechnic, 117-119 Houndsditch, London EC3A 7BU, England, UK.
Cristoffel Blindenmission, Nibelungenstrasse 124, D-6140 Bensheim
4, West Germany.
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Dr. Gaston de Mezerville, Oficina del Convenio Internacional de
Rehabilitacion, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Dr. William Frey, Director, University Center for International
Rehabilitation, Michigan State University, 513 Erickson Hall,
East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1034, USA
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Dr. Duncan Guthrie, Disabilities Study Unit, Wildhanger, Amberly,
Arundel, West Sussex BN18 9NR, England, UK.
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DESI/IYDP, Room 1061-H, United Nations Secretariat, New York, New
York 10017, USA.
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Indiana University Development Training Center, Indiana University,
2853 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA.
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medico friend circle
[organization & bulletin office]
32G, V Main, 1st Block
Koramangala, Bangaloro-560034
Murray Culshaw, 7 Harrow Road East, Dorking, Surrey RH4, 2AV,
England, UK.
**********
t
Center for Special Education and Rehabilitation at the University
of Jordan, Psychology Department, College of Education, University
of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
**********
Helen Keller International, Inc., 22 West 17th Street, New York,
New York 10011, USA.
* * ** * * * * * *
Integrated Education Project, P.M.B. 2174, Jos, Plateau State,
Nigeria.
****** * * * *
International Union for Child Welfare, 1, rue de Varembe,
1211 Geneve 20, Switzerland.
**** **** **
Johnson G. Muchira, Christian Industrial Training Centre, Nairobi,
Kenya.
**********
Johnstone M. Njamburi, Embu Vocational Rehabilitation Centre,
P.O. Box 200, Embu, Kenya.
**********
Peace Corps Program for the Handicapped in the Philippines, c/o
Action/Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. 20525, USA.
**********
-36-
People-to-People Committee for the Handicapped, Suite 1130, 1522 K
Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, USA.
Programmes for Disabled Young People in Developing Countries,
Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, London SW1 5HX, England,
UK.
**********
Rehabilitation International, 432 Park Avenue South, New York, New
York 10016, USA.
**********
Skills for Progress (SKIP), 72, Brigade Road, Bangalore 560 025
India.
**********
Donald S. Taylor, 16 Moira Terrace, Edinburgh EH7 6RS, Scotland,
UK.
* * * *******
World Health Organization (WHO), Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27,
Switzerland.
* * ********
The World Bureau, World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts,
132 Ebury Street, London SW1W 9QQ, England, UK.
**********
Vocational Rehabilitation Section, International Labour Office,
CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
**********
United Nations Economic and Social Council, One United Nations
Plaza, New York, New York 10017, USA.
**********
-37-
THE STAFF OF THE
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION INFORMATION CENTER
1976 - 1982
Niloufer Abeysuriya
Thomas Mace
Loal Ames
Shailini Malhotra
Pervaiz Amir
Anne Mason
Carolyn Andree
Milla McLachlan
Ameneh Azamali
Bill Metheny
Darini S. Arulpragasam
Aurora Pai-Montano
Keith Bletzer
Susanne Morris
Ellen Bortei-Doku
George Ntiri
Earl Brigham
Frances O'Gorman
Ron Cadieux
M. Susiflor Parel
Zach Chuenyane
Mary Joy Pigozzi
Joan Claffey
Dick Poynton
Frances Cosstick
Sue Pregenzer
Sara Cummins
Nancy Lee Radtke
Owen Dailey
Mary Rainey
Cecilia Dumor
Peter Riley
Jim Fritz
Lynn Schlueter
Cathy Gibbons
Jim Schriner
Emily Gladhart
Ruth Scott
Susan Goldenstein
David Sibalwa
Stella Hansen
Mariana Sollmann
Sharon Hart
Karen Collamore Sullivan
Mary Kay Hobbs
Darunee Tantiwiramanond
Terry Hoops
Godfred Tiboah-Ansah
Steve Howard
Hamdesa Tuso
Amy Hunt
Dorothy Tweddell
M. Noorul Hussain
Leia Vandenberg
Crissy Kateregga
Linda Gire Vavrus
Valerie Kelly
Genie Wolfson
Heeja Kim
Linda Ziegahn
David Lubkin
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