INFANT AND EARLY CHILDHOOD MORTALITY STUDY-1988
Item
- Title
-
INFANT AND EARLY CHILDHOOD
MORTALITY STUDY-1988 - extracted text
-
INFANT AND EARLY CHILDHOOD
MORTALITY STUDY-1988
General Guidelines and Instructions For Registration and
Verification of Vital Events
Biostatistics Division of Central Cell
Central Technical Committee on Health and Nutrition
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi
CONTENTS
Page
1.
Background
1
2.
Study Sample
4
3.
Organization of field work
6
4.
Flow of Reports and information
9
5.
Facilities
10
6.
Appendices (Formats)
(i)
Birth Record
11
(ii)
Death Record
12
(iii)
Matching Discrepancy Sheet
13
>(iv) Monthly Report by Consultants
14
(v) Mid Year Population
19
(vi)
Definitions of Important Terms
20
BACKGROUND
Amongst the main objectives, key objectives of LC.D.S programme have been
to reduce the incidence of malnutrition, Infant and Childhood Mortality and
Morbidity. Till date several studies in relation to coverage of services and its
impact on incidence of malnutrition and morbidity have been carried out, stilj'there
is wide scope in gaining estimates on parameters related to mortality and demo
graphic pattern in LC.D.S. scheme.
The major problems in estimation of vital indices in developing countries have
been under reporting and lack of precise information, specially on factors associated
with early childhood mortality. This is beause in India, the Civil Registration
System being deficient/and one point restrospective survey is not conducive to yielding
dependable estimates. The Government of India collects information on vital
events with basic aim of providing estimates on Crude Birth Rate, Death Rate and
Infant Mortality Rate (1MR) etc. at National and State levels.
It is a regular activity conducted by the Government through the Sample
Registration System (SRS). Also, a few specific and more detailed studies have
been in operation at regular intervals. However, there is no source available in
the existing systems to have any idea about the estimates of IMR and other vital
indicies in LC.D.S. scheme for the current or previous years. A nearly allied
system of the type of SRS is needed, so as to have National and States level
estimates to measure the progress of LC.D.S. scheme.
z Considering the importance of mortality estimates for 1CDS served population,
during 1982-83 the first pilot study on births and deaths was carried out to provide
national level crude estimates of I.M.R. for projects in operation for at least two
years or more^/Though the study was framed with the objective of getting insight
on the estimation of I.M.R, the estimates on crude brith rate, age and sex specific
mortality rates could also be derived as a by-product of the study.
/The findings of this study created interest in administrative circles and amongst
research workers, so much so there was keen interest and desire in knowing more
about estimates of I.M.R. /
At this stage, after a decade of LC.D.S package of services in operation and
with its till date expansion to cover one-fourth of the country’s population, it has
been decided to conduct Infant and Early Childhood Mortality study, for knowing
the trends which are emerging in the I.C.D.S. scheme.
Infant and Early Childhood Mortality study 1987
In the year 1987, the scope of Infant and Early Childhood Mortality was
considerably expanded, so as to cover nearly 1.7% of I.CD.S population covering
12 states individually and rest of States U.T.s by pooling. The due weightage was
given to funtional Ages of ICDS projects and proportionate distribution of rural,
tribal and urban projects (mainly by pooling). The study is progressing in 103 pro
jects and expected to give useful results.
Infant and Early Childhood Mortality study 1988
A new study design for Infant Mortality Rate has been developed after series
of meetings and discussions with top level statistician and giving consideration to the
Sample Registration System.
The following principles have been applied to evolve study design of 1988.
1. The study design will bring out the data on I.M.R, Birth rates, Death rates at the
state (those being studied) and at the national level. The data should not be
used for any statements for the district level or project level.
/ 2. The study design will give the data in reference to I.C.D.S. population.
will not be exactly similar to S R. design.
3.
It
The Sixteen states of the country have been bracketed in 4 groups on the
range of infant mortality rates as published by S.R.S. in 1985.
(a)
I.M.R, above 115 (Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh)
(b)
I.M R, 108 to 114 (Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan).
(c)
I M.R, 87 to 95 (Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil
Nadu, Himachal Pradesh).
(d)
I.M.R, 78 to 80 (Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal).
Note :—This grouping has been possible for 16 states. It is not possible to group
the remaining states because of non availability of I.M.R for those states in
the S.R.S publications.
2
4.
The sample size required to give reliable estimates of I.M.R, birth rate and death
rate for the states has been calculated on the basis of I.M.R estimates of 1985
and using of following formula, giving a flexibility of 10% error
v(100-y)2a
,
•/) ~ ------- ^2------ where in
■q — Sample size
•/ = I.M.R in percentage
a—Level of significance
6 = error in ‘y* acceptable.
The 10% error in the present study design will be acceptable to any reviewer.
5.
The regular periodic survey in the same study population, will provide the
trends using the same methodology for I.M.R studies and other parameters
which will be reliable approach to find out impact of I.C.D.S on IMR and
other parameters etc ,
6.
While drawing samples from the states, weightage to the natural division in
the state has been given, as is being done in the S.R.S, the years of operation
of I.C.D.S projects, proportionate distribution of population to rural and tribal
projects in the state have also been taken into account.
7.
Thus infact the study is being carried out in rural areas, which includes by
S.R.S definitions also the tribal areas. It is not possible to conduct the study,
in urban areas as a very large sample will be required.
8.
Two states in each bracket of a, b, c, d referred above are to be studied./ The
I.M.R study in 1988 will be in eight states namely Orissa, Uttar Pradesh,
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka and West Bengal.
9.
zThe conclusion of such a study would establish the impact of I.C.D.S on
I.M.R., in reference to 4 groups of States, with varying I.M.R.
x
10.
We will also have the data on brith rates, death rates and fertility, which will
be quite useful. /
Hence reiterating
$ -J’
/The Objectives of the study.
I. To have specific State level estimates of I.M.R on scientifically drawn
sample on principles stated above and determine national level estimates
thereupon.
II.
To study outcome and impact of I.C.D.S in the stated four groups of States.
As stipulated above, IMR, estimation being the main objectives of the study,
may also help us in finding out estimates of few associated indices like neo-natal,
post neo-natal death rates; age & sex and cause specific death rates, maternal
mortality rates and certain other crude mortality and fertility indices.
The study sample :
The sample design is two stage random sample.
1st stage sampling :
The sample size for the study of the state was arrived at by the above formula
and was distributed in natural divisions of the state in proportion to rural and
tribal projects population of more than four years of functional age. The total
number of Aws to be studied were also arrived at (for the purpose of study a rural
project has been considered of 1,20,COO population and tribal of 80,000.)
S Generally study sample in the rural project may have 10,000 (about 12
Anganwadis) sample population and tribal project SOOCk/'When the sample
population size exceeded, study population size had to be divided into two projects
of epual size study population.
The smallest or peripheral most sampling unit is the Anganwadi with all its
households. /’With the principle of natural division and distribution over the
project, it is also possible that" the sample size may be as small as 2000 population
in a project.
The Central Cell will provide the following information to the consultants :
(a)
Name of Project
(b)
The sample size in the project
(c)
Approximate number of anganwadis to be taken in the project for the
study.
This first stage sampling has been done at Bio-statistics division of Central Cell.
Second stage sampling :
The sampling of Anganwadis has to be done by the consultants on the
following guidelines :
4
First the consultants will list all the anganwadis into Zones of Mukhya
Sevika’s circle of allotted project as follows :
Circle No
Mukhya Sevika J/C
Villages
Anganwadis
Then proceed as mentioned under :
(i)
The total number of Anganwadis of Mukhya Sevika’s circle in the selected
project has to be sub-divided into the groups (clusters) of 3 Anganwadis
each, when the study sample is 12 anganwadis with approximate popula
tion of 1000 each. These 3 anganwadis be essentially contigous. Then
select one cluster each from the Mukhya Sevika’s circle for the purpose of
study.
(ii)
If the Anganwadis per project, for the purpose of study are less than 10
say ’8 then the cluster would be of 2 Anganwadis per Mukhya Sevikas
circle.
(iii)
If the Anganwadis are less than 8 say ’6 and considering that variability is
not considerable in the project a set of 2 Anganwadis can be taken in
3 Mukhya Sevika’s circle, leaving out one Mukhya Sevika circle.
(iv)
If Anganwadis to be studied are less than 6, say 4, two Mukhya Sevikas
area be picked-up out of 4 or 5 in the project.
(v)
If Anganwadis arc less than 4, one anganwadi each be picked up for study,
in each of the Mukhya Sevika’s circle.
From i to iv principle of contiguity of anganwadis be strictly followed.
Basic structure of the Infant and Early Childhood Mortality Study :
(i)
Continuous enumeration of vital events in anganwadi area by the angan
wadi worker.
(ii)
An independent quarterly house to house survey for recording births and
deaths occured during the quarter.
(iii)
Quarterly matching of events recorded during continuous enumeration and
those obtained during the course of independent quarterly survey, includ
ing field verification.
(iv)
Visit of supervisor of project (PHC) to consultant’s H.Q. for interim
reporting.
(v)
Data reporting by the consultants.
(vi)
Scrutiny of data at Central Cell.
(vii)
Mid-year Population.
5
Organisation of field work
The consultants designated to investigate the vital events in sampled anganwadis
of selected 1CDS project will be responsible to instal effectively and efficiently basic
structure of the Infant and Childhood Mortality study. Suggestions are as below :
For Continuous eni.mcraticn of vital events : Once again this is the res
ponsibility of Anganwadi worker, but this has to be done efficiently,
because mostly she is a local lady, she visits the households frequently and
all households are visited at least once a month. She should work so effi
ciently that any unmatched event discovered later should be a discredit.
She should also not fail to get information from village priest, barber,
village headman/trained or urtrained dais-midwives and from own bene
ficiary registers.
^^The Anganwadi worker who does continuous enumeration will keep two pads
(i)
of formats or cyclostyled sheets (translated into regional language, if need be) one
for births and the other for deaths. These filledup monthwise formats will be handed
over/reached to supervisor of the project by 3rd of the following month.
(ii)
An independent quarterly house to house survey for recording births and
deaths occured during the quarter : The consultants would designate most
suitable person per Mukhya Sevika circle. This person could be ANM,
Health Assistant (female or male), Mukhya Sevika of Circle/Sector He or
she will do house to house enumeration/jwrey within 10 days of the end of
the quarter Her/his record will be independent of AWW’s record
and they should never see each other’s record. Again he/she will keep two
pads of formats or cycloslyted sheets like the anganwadi worker’s, one for
births, the other for deaths. These monthwise filledup formats for the
quarter will be handedover/reachcd to the supervisor of project by 10th of
the following month of the quarter.
(iii)
Quarterly Matching of events recorded during continuous enumeration and
those obtained durit g the course of independent quarterly survey including
field verification : This function has to be performed by supervisor of the
project (PHC), who will either be medical officer or seniormost non
medical supervisor designated by consultant. He will do matching of the
formats received from enumerator (Anganwadi worker) and surveyer
(middle level supervisor). He will sort out totally matched formats
separately and will keep partially matched and unmatched formats for
further verification. The supervisor will complete the field verification of
unmatched and partially matched events and therefore will have total
6
formats of births and deaths by months. This task will be completed
within 15 days, after the receipt of formats from surveyers, meaning there
by that this task will be completed by 25th of following month of each
quarter. Additionally the supervisor of project will have list of discrepencies by months as it occured during matching between enumerators and
surveyers.
(iv)
Visit of supervisor of project (PHC) to consultant H.Q. for interim reporting :
The supervisor of project will visit the consultant headquarter along with
the formats of Anganwadi worker and surveyer which will bear the
remarks :
I
Completely matched
II
Partially matched and corrected.
Ill
Unmatched and new formats filled in and
discrepancy list under the head Anganwadi worker and surveyer and
newly discovered events. Whereas the above will be checked and the final
list of discrepancies will be signed by the consultant as given in appendixIII and sent to Central Cell by 30th of following month of each quarter.
The consultant will pay special attention to outcome of the pregnancy, gestation
period at the time of termination of pregnancy, still births and abortions, in case of
birth format, and cause of death in case of death formats. Consultant may give
any further instructions to be carried out till the time, he will be able to visit
the project.
(v)
Data reporting by the consultants : During the consultants visit to the
project which will be within 10 days of supervisors contact at the consul
tants headquarter the following activities will be carried out by the
consultants :
zZ (a) Sample field check of some events picked up randomly of matched and
unmatched and missed events.
(b) The collection of up-to-date formats for preparation of monthwise
report for the Central Cell and discussions on observations with
supervisor of the project, z
Monthwise reports of each quarter from the consultants as per appendix IV
should reach the Central Cell within 45 days at the end of each quarter.
7
Scrutiry of data at Central Cell
(vi)
The scrutiny of monthly data reported by the consultants will take place at
the Central Cell and the Consultants will be informed in due course about
the discrepancies observed in the data, if any/The computation of vital
indices will be done after completion of 12 months continuous recording
of data. However, at intermediate stages the projected estimates will be
derived at the Central Cell and consultants will be informed of these
findings for their valuable comments. Also the consultants may like to do
their own exercise time to time.
Mid-year Population :
The mid year (June-July, ‘88) population of all the AWs, separately, (on
the prescribed formats-Appendix-v) may be forwarded to the Central Cell
latest by mid of August, ‘88. It is important to note that the updating of
sampled AWs’ registers, by the AWWs must be completed for the reference
period.
8
FLOW OF REPORTS AND INFORMATION
A
Anganwadi
Worker
—
B
Middle level
supervisors/
surveyers
—
C
Independent survey of events by
house to house visit of all
alloted/determined (2 or 3 AW’s
every quarter) and submitting
the reports on prescribed formats
to project level supervisor ( PHC)
by !Oth of the following quarter.
Supervisor of
project (PHC)/
verifier/evaluator
(Medical Officer/
seniormost non
medical supervisor)
Consultant
Monthly collection of events by
house to house visit and monthly-----------submission of formats on the
prescribed formats by 3rd of the
following month.
—
1
Matching of A & B
Verification of
Recording of------------ -------- ^discrepancies
discrepancies
and correction
of the events
(of A & B),
within 15 days
i.e. 25th of
the following
month.
I
Meeting the consultant at
1
his headquarter, sending the
1
Inland Letter report to
1
Central Cell signed by
*
consultant by 30th of the
following month (of quarter)
—
i
Visit project after supervisor
meeting within few days
for sample check, and monthly
reports of the quarter by the
consultants within 15 days
(45 days after the end of
quarter) sent to Central Cell.
9
Facilities
Expenditure on POL for visits and contigency for stationary may be met from
consultants quarterly grant but under the head ‘Survey and Research’.
As far as possible Govt, and Deptt. vehicle should be used. The supervisor of
the project (PHC) in addition to remuneration mentioned below will draw T.A., D.A.
as per State-Govt, rules, when visiting the consultant's headquarter which will be
one day visit after each quarter. The honoraria to be given to various functionaries
is as under :
(A)
12 Anganwadi workers/Enumerators in 12 Anganwadis
@ Rs. 2 00 per event. (At an average we have worked
out 50 events per anganwadi per year),
Rs.
1200 per annum
Middle level supervisor/surveyer will draw Rs. 15 per
anganwadi surveyed at the end of a quarter, total
amount for 12 Anganwadis would be—
Rs.
720.00 per annum
Rs.
600.00 per annum
the amount would be—
(B)
(C)
Supervisor of project (PHC), honourarium—
(D) Honourarium for assistance to the consultant for report
Rs. 180.00 per annum
related analysis etc. per annum
(E) TA and DA for supervisor of project
Rs. 300 per annum
visit to consultant’s headquarter
Total
Rs. 3000 per annum
The above mentioned honourarium/remuneration is for 12 Anganwadis per
project. The honourarium/remuneration would be reduced proportionately when
the number of Anganwadis are less.
Kindly see that the expenditure is kept within the limits mentioned above but
as far as possible not exceed Rs. 3000, when the anganwadis being studied in the
project is 12. The expenditure for POL for visit of consultant’s contingency and pay
ment of honourarium may be from consultant’s usual survey and research grant.
The honoraria/remuneration being recommended to various functionaries is
just a token of respect to their voluntary and honourary contribution to the study
for the cause of children and mothers in the country.
10
APPENDIX-1
BIRTH RECORD FORMAT—1988
Month :____________ ______
Columns for Recording 'BIRTHS'
A)
__
1.
HouseNo. :
2.
Household
3.
Name of the Father :
4.
Age of Father:
5.
Name of the Mother :
6.
Age of Mother
B)
No.
_____________________
:
_____________________________
___________
_
Outcome of pregnancy : (Live Births/Still Births/Abortions) :
If live birth :
1.
Date of Birth :
2.
Gestation period at the time of
1
> :
J
termination of pregnancy
3.
Name of the Child :.
4.
Sex of the Child : Male/Female :
weeks
If still birth/abortion :
Gestation period at the time of
1
> :
J
termination of pregnancy
weeks
If checked by Supervisor of project (PHC), date of checking :
Note :
Though we expect 30 —35 births in a year as per our national estimate
for a particular anganwadi area, please provide a pad of 50 copies/
cyclostyle forms each to AWW and Surveyer for recording details
of each birth (including still births and abortions).
11
APPENDIX-II
DEATH RECORD FORMAT—1988
Month :
Columns of Recording 'DEATHS'
A)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
House Number :
Household Number :
Name of the deceased :
Date of Death :
Age of deceased :
Years
Months
Days**
(**Record No. of days in case of Children who died below 30 days of age)
6. Sex of the deceased : Male/Female :
7. Cause of death*
8. Name of the Father :
9. Age of Father :
10. Name of the Mother :
_
11. Age of Mother :
_
B)
Following details are to be recorded only in reference to Infant Deaths :
1. Birth order of the deceased infant :
2. Number of living children to the 1
mother of the deceased infant
J
-------------------------------------------------
C)
Verification of Death and its Cause by Supervisor of Project (PHC) :
1. Date of Verification :
_ __________
2. Cause of Death :
3. Verified by :
___
4. Remarks if any :
__
*
The symptoms as reported by the informant of the Household before death
may be recorded by the anganwadi worker/surveyer which will be classified
by the Supervisor of the project (PHC). The specific cause of death should
be identified by the Supervisor after further investigations. In case of
maternal deaths record specifically whether death took place during preg
nancy, during child birth (Labour) or during 40 days after the birth of child.
3.
Note :
Age of the youngest living child
Though we expect 12—15 deaths in a year as per our national estimate,
for a particular anganwadi areas, please provide a pad of 20 copies/
cyclostyle forms each to AWW/Surveyer for recording details of
each death.
12
APPENDIX-III
MATCHING DISCREPANCY SHEET
Month
Birth Format
1.
Number of missed births (discovered by Project/PHC Supervisor) :
(a) Anganwadi worker
2.
Number of unmatched births :
(a) Anganwadi worker
3.
(c) New Formats prepared
(b) Surveyor
(c) Corrected
(b) Surveyer
Verified and final forms prepared (Number) :
Death Format
4.
Number of missed deaths (discovered by Project/PHC Supervisor) :
(a) Anganwadi worker
5.
Number of unmatched deaths :
(a) Anganwadi worker
6.
(c) New formats prepared
(b) Surveyor
(c) Corrected
(b) Surveyor
Verified and final forms prepared (Number) :
Signature of Project Supervisor
Signature of Consultant
Date
Date
13
APPENDIX-IV
INFANT AND EARLY CHILDHOOD MORTALITY STUDY—1988
MONTHLY REPORT BY THE CONSULTANT
1.
Name of the Project Area :
2.
Type of Project : Rural/Tribal/Urban :
3.
Name and address of the Consultant :
4.
Month to which the report pertains :
5.
Number of Anganwadis being studied in the Project :
Table—1 :
...
1988
Number of live births
No. of LIVE BIRTHS in the
Month Under Report
Name of the Anganwadi Area
Male
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Total
Female
Total
Ill
I
I
I
1
I
I
Ill
I
I
!
I
I
I
Contd
14
Table—2
Number of Deaths (All age groups)
No of DEATHS in the Month Under Report
Name of the Anganwadi Area
0— < 6 years
| T(1) |
n
M
6 4-years & above
M
T(2)
I
Maternal
deaths
(3)
Total
Deaths
(1 +2+3)
1.
2.
3.
1
4.
5.
I
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Total
Table—3 : Number of Deaths* below 6 years by Age and Sex (for all AW's)
Age of the deceased
Child
0 —<7 Days
7 - < 23 Days
28 Days—<1 year
1 — <2 years
2— <3 years
3 - < 4 years
4 — <5 years
5- < 6 years
Total (0—<6 years)
•Still Births are not to be included.
SEX of deceased
Male
Female
Total
Deaths
Table—4 :
Deaths by cause and age of the deceased child (for all AW's)
Age at death
Cause of death
0—<7
Days
7-<28 28Days 1-<2 2—<3
Days
-<1Y
Yrs.
Yrs’
3—<4 4— <5 5 —<6
Yrs.
Yrs.
Yrs
Total
Diarrhoea
Respiratory Infection
Tetanus
Accidents, Injuries and Burns
Fever
Prematurity
Others
Total
._
.
. ------ — -
- ._
Age of the deceased
Mother
15—<20 years
20—<25 years
25 — <30 years
30—<35 years
35 —<40 years
40— < 45 years
45+
—
Table—5 :
years
ALL
Maternal deaths by age of Mother (for all AW's)
Material deaths due to complications of pregnancy,
Child birth and during the puerperium
During
pregnancy
During
Child birth
During 40 days
after child birth
Total
Table—6 :
Age of the
women
Abortions, Still births and Perinatal deaths by Age of women (Number of
events took place in the reporting month, for all the AW's)
No. of Abortions by Gestational Age
<12 weeks
12 — <20
I
weeks
20—<28 | Sub Total
weeks
Still
births**
<7 days
deaths
15—<20 Yrs.
20—<25 Yrs.
25-<30 Yrs.
30—<35 Yrs.
35—<40 Yrs.
40—<45 Yrs.
45+
Yrs.
ALL
"Pregnancy waste after 28 weeks of gestational age should be considered as still birth for the purpose of
the study.
Table—7 : Distribution of live births by mother's age and gestation period
(Record for only LIVE BIRTHS in the month under report for all the AW's)
Age of the
Mother
Gestation Period at the time of delivery
28—<30 30—<32 32—<35 35—<37 37—<42
weeks
weeks
weeks
weeks
weeks
15—<20 Yrs.
20—<25 Yrs.
25—<30 Yrs.
30—<35 Yrs.
35—<40 Yrs. .
40—<45 Yrs.
45+
Yrs.
17
42 +
weeks
Total
I
Table-8 :
FAMILY PARTICULARS OF DECEASED INFANT* (Record these particular*
of those children who died before attaining the age of one year)
Age of the deceased
Infant**
Cause of
death***
Age of the child's
Parents
Father
Mother
Birth order
of the
deceased
Infant
No. of
Age of
living
the youngest
children to living child
concerned to concerned
mother
mother
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
7.
3.
9.
10.
11.
I
12.
•This table should be filled for all those Infants who died before attaining the age of one year in the month
under report for all the AW's.
••Please record the exact age of the deceased child on the date of death to calculate the precise age in terms
of weeks.
•••The underlying cause identified by the Project (PHC) Supervisor based on the symptoms recorded by
AWW/Surveyer should be mentioned.
18
APPENDIX-V
FORMAT FOR REPORTING ESTIMATED MID-YEAR (JUNE-JULY '88)
ANGANWADI POPULATION BY THE CONSULTANT
The data on age and sex distribution of the population may be obtained
from the Anganwadi worker's survey register*.
1.
Name of Project:
2.
Name/Serial number of the Anganwadi
3.
Number of households in the Anganwadi :
4.
Total population of the Anganwadi :
_ _____
Male :Female :Total :
Age and Sex Distribution of the Population
SEX
Age-groups
Male
<6 months
6 months —<1 year
1—<2 years
2—<3 years
3—<4 years
4 — <5 years
5—<6 years
6—<15 years
15 — <20 vears
20—<25 years
25 —<30 years
30—< 35 years
35 —<40 years
40— < 45 years
45 4-
Female
I
I
I
I
Total
I
I
I
|
I
I
j
I
I
I
I
I
I
|
I
I
•
I
!
I
years
ALL
5. Date of household surveyed by the Anganwadi Worker :
6. Data of updating of the survey register by Anganwadi Worker \
♦Please ensure that the updating of the anganwadi register is done for the
reference period.
19
_
APPENDIX-VI
DEFINITIONS OF SOME IMPORTANT DEMOGRAPHIC TERMS
1. Resident Population : People who habitually live in an area are
called resident population of that area. Resident population includes temporary
absentees also. In our case, any person who has been continuosly residing in
the area atleast for the last six months and intends to stay as a normal resident
should be considered, infants of the persons in above category should also be
included.
2. Age distribution : The distribution of the individuals of population
classified according to age is called 'Age distribution'. The age distribution of
population is given either by individual years of age or by suitable age groups.
3. Birth Order : Birth Order is defined as the rank or numerical order of
the live Births to mother e.g. first or second etc.
4. Live Birth : Live Birth is the complete expulsion or extraction from its
mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy
which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such
as; beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement
of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the
placenta is attached.
5. Date of Birth : The date, the month and the year of the Gregorian
Calender on which the birth of an individual occurs is called the date of birth of
that individual.
6. Gestation Period : The period of Gestation is defined as beginning
with the first day of the last normal menstrual period (LMP) and ending with
the day of Birth.
7. Still Birth : The delivery of a foetus already dead in the mother's
womb is called a still-birth.
8. Abortions : A foetus becomes usually 'Viable', i.e. becomes capable
of independent existence outside its mother, when the duration of pregnancy
is 28 weeks. If an expulsion of the foetus takes place before it is viable, it is
called abortion.
20
9. Parity : The number of children previously born alive to a woman is
called Parity.
10. Premature Delivery : Births occurring prior to 37 weeks of gestation
are considered to be premature delivery.
11. Full term (Normal) delivery : Deliveries
weeks to 42 weeks of gestation period.
12. Post term
gestation period.
delivery : Deliveries
occurring
occuring
above
between
37
42 weeks of
13. Death : The permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any
time after live birth is called death.
14. Date of Death : The date, the month and the year of Gregorian
Calendar on which the death of an individual occurs is called the date of death
of that individual.
15. Perinatal Mortality : Death of a foetus during the last few weeks of
pregnancy and of live-born infants during the first few days of life (usually in
between the period of 28th week of gestation and the first week after birth
is considered) is called perinatal mortality.
16. Neonatal Mortality : The mortality of live-born children dying
before attainining the age of four weeks (28 days) is called Neonatal mortality.
17. Infant Mortality : The mortality of live-born infants dying before
attaining the age of one year is called infant Mortality.
18. Age specific deaths : Deaths in specific age groups are defined as
age specific deaths.
19. Sex specific deaths : Deaths by sex (Male and Female) are called
sex specific deaths.
20. Maternal Mortality : Death of a women due to complications of
pregnancy, child-birth (or labour) and during the Puerperium (40 days after the
child birth) is called Maternal mortality.
NOTE : Repeated explanations of relevent definitions to the Anganwadi
workers may help a lot in ensuring the precise data collection.
- Media
5790.pdf
Position: 6105 (1 views)