STATE PLAN OF ACTION FOR CHILDREN 2000 A.D.
Item
- Title
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STATE PLAN OF ACTION
FOR
CHILDREN 2000 A.D.
- extracted text
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STATE PLAN OF ACTION
FOR
(
CHILDREN 2000 A.D.
GOVERNMENT OF ORISSA
PANCHAYATI RAJ DEPARTMENT
BHUBANESWAR
STATE PLAN OF ACTION FOR CHILDREN 2000 A. D
*******************************************
Introductions:-
*
Under Article 40 of the Constitutions a solemn affir
mation has been made to provide opportunities and facilities to
the
children
to enable them to develop in healthy manner with
freedom and dignity. This was reaffirmed is the National Policy
for Children - 1974.
The National Plan of Action has focussed some of
major interventions as under:
the
a)
Reduction of Child Mortality Rate within 5 years by
third, to a level of 70 per 1000 live births.
one
t>)
Reduction
level.
of
1990
C)
Reduction of
severe and Moderate Malnutrition
children under 5 by one half of 1990 level.
among
C)
Universal
access
facilities.
o )
Reduction
level.
f
Protection
stances .
of
Maternal Mortality Rate by half
to Safe Drinking Water
Sanitary
and
of Adult literacy rate atleast half
of
of children in especially difficult
1990
circum
The National Plan of Action nas the fo.l lowing commitments;
A
Access to enrolment in Primary Education for atleast 80%
of the Boys and 75% of the Girls by the year 1995.
2 .
Completion of Primary Education by atleast 50% of
as well as boys by the year, 1995.
3.
Reduction of Adult. & Adolescent illiteracy
level by 25 % by the year, 1995.
4 .
5.
Universal
use of Rehyaration Therapy
treatment of Diarrhoea and Universal
Rehydration salt (ORS) by 1995.
1990
for home based
access to Oral
Access to Iron fortification by the year,1996.
1
from
girls
Access to Family Planning Services in order to
increase
contraceptive prevailance level by 50% from the current
rate by the year 2000 A.D
Progressive and accelerated elimination of Child Labour.
Access of
safe Drinking Water to not less'1 then three
fourth of both Rural and Urban Population by 1996
and.
universal access by the year, 2000 A.D
Double the current level of access to sanitary means and
excreta disposal by the year, 1996.
STATE COMMITMENT
The National and State Policy, especially in the recent
times, has focussed on Human Resource Development and perhaps for
the first time we also have the means like, materials, technology
and
institutions to achieve the targets. The emphasis
has
also
rightly been given just on sustained growth and development of
children instead of survival alone.
The basic needs of children are known to be safe drink
ing water, nutritious food, preventive and primary health
care,
clean environment,
basic education and loving care.
Towards
achieving these for all children of the State especially to the
disadvantaged groups, the State Government have now formulated
the detailed State Plan of Action for Children 2000 A.D.
NUTRITION
1 ,
r
(among
!’
Elimination of Micronutrient Deficiencies.
2,
3#
Reduction of
severe and Moderate Malnutrition
children by 50 % of the existing gap.
of Vitamin - A deficiency in children under
a)
Elimination
5 years.
b)
Reduction of Iron deficiency (Anaemia)
0-5 years and mothers.
in
Declaration of all Hospitals and Maternity
"Baby Friendly"
children
of
Centres
as
MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH
Increase average birth weight of children to 3 Kg.
2
i
5*
of Vapclne Preventable Diseases.
Elimination
a) Elimination of Poliomyelitis.
b) Elimination of Nneo-natal Tetanus.
c) Elimination of Measles.
Reduction of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to less than 50
per 1000.
6*
(
bj
Elimination of deaths due to diarrhoea in children under
5 years.
Elimination of deaths due to Acute Respiratory Infec-
|
tions (ARI)
a)
Reduction of prenatal and Neonatal Mortality
50% if 1992 level.
(c)
•
EDUCATION
rates
by
•
Universalisation of compulsory primary Education ensur
ing 5* years of Primary Education for every child.
1 7.
8.
Raising Women Literacy & Status.
9,
Universal
access to Non-formal Education by
dren/residuals to Formal Education.
10.
Reduction
women.
of
early and frequent
child
the
chil-
bearing
among
a)
Raising & ensuring the age of marriage of girls to s 21
years through level sanctions and awareness compign.
b)
I Spacing birth intervals to 3 years.
c)
Limiting the families to two children norm.
GIRI$ CHILD
r*
Popularising of Girls Child Protection Schemes.
11.
a)
12
improvements
scheme.
in
the
existing
girl
child
protection
Eradication of gentler discrimination and female infanti
cide .
3
Establishment of a high level task force and a
ing Cell for the evaluation of programmes of
exclusively.
a)
Monitor
children
1
Establishment of a "State Institute for Child Develop
ment” for Research. Training Documentation and Dissemi
nation on Information of programmes relating to Child
Welfare and Development.
t>)
The
forthcoming pages of the Draft Plan will
speak in
detail about the comprehensive "State Plan of Action for •
Children 0 2000 A.D. " outlined as a firm commitment for
the welfare and Development of Children of the State.
■4
STATE PLAN OF ACTION
!
POINT ONE
REDUCTION OF SEVERE AND MODERATE MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN
GOAL:-
The State will ensure that current levels of severe
moderate malnutrition among children are reduced
half.
1995 :
Reduce severe Energy Protein Malnutrition (EPM) to less
than 2 % and moderate malnutrition to less than 30 %
in
the children under three years of age.
1998 :
Reduce severe EPM to less than 1 % and Moderate EPM
less than 25 % in children under five years.
2000
ad
by
to
Reduce severe EPM to less than 0.1% and Moderate EPM to
less than 20 % in the children of the above categories.
x
CURRENT STATUS
Energy Protein Malnutrition (EPM) is one of the major
nutrition problems among children. Children who suffer from|| lack
of
ent^rgy and protein in their diets are not able to grow to
their full genetic potential and weigh less for their> age or have
too loss height for their age or suffer from both.
The current
levels of severe malnutrition is expected to be around 2.5% while
the M' lerfite Malnutrition is expected to be around 37%
ACTION
1
x—
Extend and strengthen existing Maternal and child nutri
pion programmes in the state with specific
focus on
Reacting the most needy areas.
5
Strengthen supplementary nutrition Programme for chil
dren under three year with weaning food and for children
above three years.
Involve parents and communities in growth promotion
monitoring of childrens' nutritional status.
and
Strengthen nutrition-health-education
mothers and communities.
for
programmes
POINT - TWO
ELIMINATION OF MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCES
A.
Elimination of Vitamin - A Deficiency in children
5 years.
B.
Reduction
mothers.
A.
Elimination of Vitamin - A deficiency in children
5 years.
under
defi
j
of Iron deficiency (Anaemia)
in children
Goal
:
To be one among the states to eliminate vitamin-A
ciency in the children under five years.
1995
:
Reduction of Vitamin -A deficiency by 70%
levels in the children under three years.
1998
:
Elimination of vitamin - A deficiency.
2000 ;
under
and
current
of
sustain Achievement.
|
I
CURRENT STATUS
Vitamin -A deficiency has been recognised as a major
controllable public health and nutrition hazard. In Orissa the
prevelanee of Vitamin -A deficiency is on declining trend from
50:80% in 1984-85.
Vitamin -A deficiency has a direct link with increase
in mortality and morbidity in children and is precipitated by
fr# quent infections like diarrhoea, measles and acute respiratory
infection.
lack of awareness of importance of vitamin - A rich
food,
contribute to the low-intake and consequent deficiency.
Weaning Children suffer most since many of the Vitamin -A rich
foods
are excluded from their diet due to traditional beliefs
that such foods would cause diarrhoea.
i
6
ACTIONS t1.
Provide Vitamin -A in 2 lakh I.U. to all children beween
6-36
months and to child population at risk at
six months interval.
2.
Awareness
generation on importance of Vitamin
Vitamin - A rich foods available locally.
3.
Promote exclusive
months of life.
4 .
Promote consumption of vitamin -A
pregnant and the nursing women.
5.
Intensify nutrition education to increase production and
consumption of Vitamin-A rich foods especially among
vunerable groups.
6.
Carrying out Research in applied nutrition on locally
available
food items to get low-cost vitamin-A rich
diet.
B.
REDUCTION OF
IRON DEFICIENCY
(0-5 YEARS) AND MOTHERS.
GOAL :
To reduce iron deficiency in children and mothers by 30%
from 1990 levels.
1995
:
Reduce 1990 levels by 10%
1998
:
Reucde 1990 levels by 20 %
2000
:
Reduce 1990 levels by 30 %
breast - feeding for the
rich
(ANAEMIA)
A
and
f
first
4-6
foods
IN
among
CHILDREN
CURRENT STATUS
In Orissa a large number of children in 0-5 years
age
group and 80% of women in the reproductive age group suffer from
anaemia. This has been a chronic problem. It is related to Gener
al level malnutrition and reflects less access to iron rich food,
worm
infections
and greater physical stress
and burden.
The
adverse effects of malnutrition and anaemia among children and
pregnant:
women are reflected in high incidence of children bornwith Jpw birth weight and maternal mortality.
7
•
ACTIONS
Strengthening supply and distribution of therapeutic
dose of Iron and ensure intake of the same £y the bene
ficiaries.
To explore possibilities fortification food items.|
To intensify nutrition education to increase
and consumption of foods rich in iron.
production
J
Awareness generation on importance of Micronutrients and
measures to tackle the deficiencies.
POINT THREE
RENEWAL OF ALL HOSPITALS & MATERNITY CENTRES WITH "BABY
FRIENDLY" SCHEMES
GOAL :
To make all
FRIENDLY"
hospitals
and
maternity
centres
"BABY
i
1995
:
All hospitals with ever 800
become Baby Friendly".
1998
:
All hospitals and Maternity Centres in
become "Baby Friendly".
2000
:
Correct infant and child feeding practices by all
ers .
deliveries
annually
the
State
to
to
moth
CURRENT STATUS
More and more mothers use feeding bottles and there is
decline in the practice of breast-feeding both in urban and rural
areas.
In order to curb the aggressive marketing of breast milk
substitutes the Infant Milk Substitutes Feeding Bottles and
infant Food Regulation of Production, Supply and distribution Act'
was
passed in December, 1992 and was enacted as Law 'in August,
1993. enforcement by this Act can be facilitated by directing all
hospitals and maternity Centres to strictly follow the ten . steps
to
juccessful breast-feeding developed by UNICEF/WHO. The Baby
Friendly" institutions will be awarded certificates of recogni
tion by the National Task Force of the Baby Friendly Hospital
Initiative Programme.
8
i
ACTIONS
:
All hospitals and maternity Centres, both public
private will operate as "Baby Friendly" and follow
guidelines for breast-feeding.
and
the
All
health care functionaries both public and private
will
be
trained in the Ten Steps
and
in Lactation
Management.
The
law related to Infant Milk substitutes,
Feeding
Bottles and
Infant Food
(Regulation of Production,
Supply and Distributions) will be introduced.
The public will be educated on the benefits of
feeding and the dangers of bottle feeding.
breast
POINT FOUR
INCREASE AVERAGE BIRTH WEIGHT OF CHILDREN TO 3 K.G
GOAL :
The ’ average birth of children born in Orissa will be
Kg.
1995
:
Increase in average birth weight to more than 2.5 Kg.
1998
:
Increase average birth weight to more than 2.8 Kg
2000
:
Increase in average birth weight to 3 Kg.
3
i
CURRENT STATUS
It has been well established that the birth weight of
the child is an important factor in child survival and develop
ment.
In a developing country like ours,
many children start
their lives as an infant with disadvantage of low birth weight. A
child with less than 2.5 Kg birth weight, is treated to be vul
nerable. The low birth weight rate in Orissa is still reported to
be around 33 %. It is an accepted fact that-maternal malnutrition
directly lead to low birth weight among the children.
Major
factors
contributing to extensive maternal malnutrition include
early marriage, early pregnancy, short tfirth intervals,
anaemia,
iodine deficiency, heavy work during l.'ut trimester etc.
Report
indicates that the problem is perhaps greater in urban slums. I
I
9
CURRENT STATUS:
casesnin^i992Po'lio cases in Orisaa has dropped
to
97
ACTION
1.00% coverage of oral polio vaccine (OPC in 5 doses)
W1’L’L be. achieved through special efforts.
Catch-up
rounds
in urban slum, S.C., S.T., colonies, Tribal and
inaccessible areas
will be conducted every year on
Immunization days. Special campaigns will be conducted
m remote districts.
Additional
resources will be allocated
for additional
vaccine requirements for primary immunization
(5 dose
schedule) for catch-up rounds, for mop-up rounds and for
containment immunization.
3.
The coverage during containment, immunization and mop-up
rounds will be increase to 100%
B.
ELIMINATION OF NEONATAL TETANUS
GOAL:
To be one among the States to eliminate neonatal
nus .
1995:
100 % coverage with Tetanus Toxoid 2 doses
100 % deliveries attended by trained persons.
100 % districts Neo-Natal Tetanus (NNT) free.
1998 :
Sustaining achievement.
2000:
Achieve a NNT free Orissa.
teta
CURRENT STATUS
There were 154 reported cases of NNT in 1992. No dis
tricts
have reported zero cases of NNT till date.
According to
the
latest coverage Evaluation survey the TT2 coverage is
above
73 4%
and the particulars of deliveries attended by trained
persons in rural areas and Urban areas are not available.
ACTIONS
Toxoid coverage of pregnant women will be in
Tetanus
100% by taking special
steps to register
crease to
Antenatal mothers early, in the first trimester itself
by conducting special immunization camps/sessions and by
11
ensuring booster dose of TT atleast
expected date of delivery.
4
weeks
before
Iraditional Birth Attendants
in the State will be
trained on "Clean Deliveries" use of disposable delivery
kits and timely referral for complications.^
Disposable delivery kits will be made available in
sufficient quantities for distribution to every preganant women well before the expected date of delivery.
3*
The public will be educated on the importance of clean
delivery practices', use of disposable kits and reporting
neo-natal tetanus .
5.
Institutional deliveries in PHCs,CHCs, Maternity Centres
and
Private Hospitals will be promoted by providing
appropriate facilities.
6.
Additional resources will be allocated to area projects
undertaken by the committed professional groups
to
communicate, ensure availability of disposable delivery
kits
and conducting training for the local Traditional
Birth Attendants (TBA)
C.
ELIMINATION OF MEASLES DEATHS AND CASES:
GOAL:
To
be one among the states to eliminate Meas-es
and cases.
~
death.
awu>
1995:
More than 95% reduction in measles deaths and more
90% reduction in measles cases.
than
1998:
Sustain achievement.
2000:
Elimination of measles deaths and cases.
CURRENT STATUS
The number of measles cases in 1992 is 1312.
Accordinq
to the latest coverage Evaluation Survey, the Measles vaccination
coverage is 80.73%.
ACTIONS
1.
The reporting of cases of measles will be made mandatory
under Orissa Puolic Health Act. All health care provid
ers
(Govt. & Private) will be directed to report cases
and deaths due to attack of measles.
9
The coverage for Measles vaccine to be improved to 100%.
12
fantsC?mm d°seof measles vaccine will be given
rants immunised before 9 months of age.
in
to
of mpaq? above one year age will be given at second
ot measles as a special State Policy
dose
concentrate 2 lakh I.U. will be administered
children affected by measles during outbreaks.
Government of India will be obtained for ring immuniza1Or
children under 3 years of age during measles
outbreaks in surrounding 5000 population in rural
areas
find 10f000 population in urban areas.
Correct case management of all acute respiratory infec
tions
and post measles complications will be ensured
through training of all health care providers both the
public and private sector.
POINT SIX
REDUCTION OF INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR) TO LESS THAN 50
PER 1000 LIFE BIRTHS
A.
Elimination of deaths due to diarrhoea in children under
5 years.
B.
Elimination of death due to acute respiratory infection.
C.
Reduction of infant mortality rate of less than 50 per
1000 live births and reduction of prematal and neonatal
mortality rates by 50% from current levels.
ELIMINATION OF DEATHS DUE TO DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN UNDER
5"YEARS
To be one among the states to eliminate deaths
diarrhoea in children under 5 years.
*
ORS available 24 hours at every village
slum through depot holders.
due
and
to
urban
*
ORS use rate for diarrhoea management is 100% among
health care providers in the public and private sector.
* ‘ Deaths due
reduced by 30%.
to diarrhoea among
0-5
year
children
Diarrhoea deaths among 0-5 year children reduced by 60%
Diarrhoea deaths among 0-5 year children reduced by 100%
13
I
CURRENT STATUS
is inrrfifl«inH0rmv8a; the Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) use rate
in 1991
^nc^ence °f diarrhoea among 0-5 year children
4private medical practitioners, the use of
.
. °. ke improved and the use of anti-diarrhoeal drugs
anti-biotics for watery diarrhoea needs to be discouraged.
ORS
and
Many unsafe preparations of ORS are now available in the
market.
The WHO-UNICEF citrate formula with the Govt, of
India
logo alone is to be recommended.
5
ACTIONS
1.
ORS (WHO-UNICEF) Citrate formula will be made available
in sufficient quantities on 24 hour basis
at every t
village and urban slum neighbourhood level
through
appropriately trained depot holders.
2.
Availability of commercial preparations of
ORS WHOUNICEF Citrate formula in the open market will be en
sured at the lowest possible price.
3.
Government and private sector health care providers will .
be trained on the correct case management of diarrhea ‘
disease.
4.
The public will be educated on (i) The u.-,e of home
available
fluids and ORS for prompt home management of
diarrhoea (ii)
timely referral if dehydration develops
and (iii) continued and additional feeding during diar
rhoea .
5.
All district hospitals to establish DTUs and all Munici
pal hospitals and PHCs and CHC to establish iRT corners
for management of diarrhoea.
6.
The public will be educated on appropriate Home manage
ment and timely referral if complications develop.
7.
Referral facilities and Municipal and district hospitals
will be strengthened for diagnosis and treatment procer
dures for severe pneumonia.
,
14
1
f
•
ANH
0F IKR TO LESS THAN 50 PER 1000 MVB BIRTHS
REDUCTION OF PRENATAL & NEONATAL MORTALITY RATES BY
50% FROM 1990 LEVELS
To
reduce IMR to less than 60 per 1000 live
Orissa
:
1995
1998
:
To reduce IMR to 60 per 1000.
To reduce perenatal & Neontal .Mortality rates
from 1990 levels.
:
by
30%
from
1990
To reduce IMR to 40 per 1000.
To
reduce
levels.
2000
in
births
perental
& Neonatal MR
by
40%
To reduce IMR to 30 per 1000.
To reduce P & NMR by 50% from 1990 levels.
CURRENT STATUS:
The
infant mortality in Orissa was 126 per, 1000
live
births in 1988 and reduced to 123 in 1990 and 114 in 1992 as per
SRC Survey made recently. Currently nearly 60% of the IM occurs
in
the first one month of life and especially in first week of
life.
Therefore,
any further reduction of IMR in Orissa would
need a reduction cf the Neonatal and Perenatal Mortality rates.
B.
ELIMINATION OF DEATHS DUE TO ACUTE RESPIRATION INFECTION
GOAL:
To achieve success to eliminate ARI of Children under
years.
1995:
Reduc
1998 :
Reduce ARI Mortality by 60%
2000:
Reduc■
5
ARI Mortality by 30%
ARI Mortality by 90%
CURRENT STATUS
Acute
Respiratory infections (Pneumonia) causes of all
n-5
year deaths in Orissa. In rural areas, use of wood as
fuel
for cooking causes indoor smoke pollution v/hich contributes to
ARI while over crowding and air pollution affect urban children.
Most mothers seek the help of private sector medical practitions
for treatment for Acute Respiratory infections.
The anti' biotic
"Co-trimoxazole"
is available both
in Government and
~ .
te health care facilities. But the case management has not
been standardized among all health care practitioners.
15
ACTIONS
1.
private9hPAui be Or9ani8ed for Governments
well as
of ARIs
Cdre undts on the correct ca$e management
2.
Health
oasis.
°f Co-trimoxazole will be ensured
Sub-Centres,
PHCs and Hospitals on a
in all
regular
3.
Purchase policies will be simplified to allow local
purchase of Co-trimoxazone by PHC Medical Officers.
4.
Smokeless Chulahs will be promoted in the ICDS Centres
« to prevent
indoor smoke pollution.
This will
also
popularise use of the chulahs. The cause of infant
deaths are now birth weightt prematurity, birth asphyxia
(baby not breathing immediately due to delivery compli
cations)
respiratory infections and diarrhoea.
The
causes of perenatal mortality (still births) are ascrib
able to complications during delivery and lack of emer
gency obstetric care.
In rural areas more than 90% of births are conducted at
by untrained birth attendants. There is lack of emergency
home
facilities for mothers/ babies to reach the referral
transport
hospitals in time.
Even if mothers do reach the hospitals, there is
inade
quate
facilities at .the sub-division and district hospitals
for
emergency obstetric care and new born care.
ACTIONS
• 1.
status of pregnant women will be
imThe nutritional
' j food supplementation
especially
proved by adequate
\
.
______
_ —
*
second
and
third
trimester to ensure a minimum
during
-weight gain of 7 kg. so that the babies birth weight can
be increased to 3 kg.
j
2.
Primary
institutional deliveries in Health Sub-Centres,
Health Centres and Hospitals will be promoted by improving facilities for delivery.
3.
npliverv booths will be constructed in populated village
where
trained traditional birth attendant can conduct
normal deliveries.
4.
..t{nnai Birth Attendants will be trained to conduct
Traditional B
practice simple resuscitation techniquesfor
Management
and in
i
for management °f birthasphyxia
—r-j--- --the
.
of high risk conditions in new borns such as
ion Diratory distress and congenital anomalies
^J'app«p”«e and txmeiy referrals.
16
5.
will^^imoriiod 1^ at MuniciPal and District Hospitals
and new Lr d f°r Providin9 emergency obstetric care
referral ™
“re’ L°W cost neonatal care units
for
district and m °- ?ew,borns will be established
in all
unicipal hospitals in the entire state.
6.
PanrhA^A^ transportation will be organised
bies 7 tS
f°r emer9encY referrals of mothers
7.
through
and ba-
Mothers will be educated on home care of new born in
ants (especially low birth weight infants) by promotion
or early breast feeding, colostrum feeding, provision of
wormth,
prevention of infection and exclusive breast
feeding.
1
POINT SEVEN
UNIVERSALIZATION OF PRIMARY EDUCATION ENSURING 5 YEARS OF
PRIMARY EDUCATION FOR EVERY CHILD
GOAL :
To achieve universal primary education.
1995
All
children
and children
enrolled in
dropout rates
:
5-6 years to be enrc’.lcd in formal
school
residential to formal education shall be
non-formal stream.
Reduction in overall
by 40% of 1990 levels.
All 6-11 years enrolled in formal schools, staying on to
complete upto Class-5.
1998:
All
drop out of school children s pto 14
enrolled in Non-formal Education.
Reduction
years
to
in overall dropout rate • by 50% of 1990
be
lev
els .
2000
:
All children aged
6 to 11 will have atleast 5 years
of
Primary education.
CURRENT STATUS
However the
literacy rate ’n Orissa is 48.55%
.
The
still glaring
disparity
between male and female literacy is
fmale
62 37%,
female 34.40%). The dropout rate at the Primary
school
level
is declining. The same gender disparity exists:
is
* dropout rate. What is required now
have the highest a J
rity to improve the quaiity
SC/ST girls
concerted
P
UOil/
in the final
achieve the goals.
of education to
17
ACTIONS
1.
pulsory PrimaLfpd,^ ^ate tO declare legislate on com'
onalised by 1994-95 a^dn'-Thi6 18 likely to
°Peratij
academic year.
2.
among Pparentsyon°th^e9iS^atiOn and creatin9 awareness
especially n • i °H
need to send children to school,
especially girls, will be undertaken.
3.
educatfn?" 5e9istration of all children eligible to get
fnmmitt-o
ln ^rimary schools through village education
mmittees
and Mother-Teacher Councils, who will
also
ensure that all children are enrolled and attend the
school.
4.
P^?5ity tar9eting of girls,
SC/ST children working
children and other educationally backward children.
5.
Recognition and awards for Panchayats, Wards, Blocks and
districts which achieve full enrolment,
retention and
completion.
6.
Qualify of education to be improved for better teaching,
«learning for every child to attain the minimum levels of
learning through in service teaching training, introduc
tion of MLL approach and provision of adequate
facili
ties and materials.
!|
7.
District
Plans will be prepared for all districts
and
implementation which will be monitored by Collector of
the district.
8.
Establish linkage with total literacy and post-literacy
campaign activities
and with early childhood care,
education and development
9.
Flexibility of
the system to allow adoption to
needs with possible introduction of shift system,
ing
school .timing and calender especially
in
labour intensive areas.
local
vary
child
10.
miration of children with mild to moderate disability
into the main stream of formal education.
11.
r»-rp—school services for children
3-5
years^ with improved activity-based learning as the main
approach.
12.
I
f ■
ovnanded non-formal activities, through educat^on°volunteers service scheme and other NFE approaches.
18
POINT NINE
-----^.“^bsiduals™e 5hildrek
GOAL:
i
years? resJd ^hieve 100% enrolment of
children
of Non-formA?Uai tO formal education and
ensure 5
ui won lormal education.
1995
to achieve 80% of the goal
1998
to achieve 90% of the goal.
2000
to achieve 100% of the goal
(5-14
years
CURRENT STATUS
The
efforts to achieve universal access to non-formal
education by children of 5-14 years will ensure that there will
be no generation of un-educated by 2000 A.D.
ACTIONS:
Compulsory enrolment of children residual to formal
both
shall be made in the non-formal centres
Education
centres
and
urban
and
rural
areas
with
the
existing
in
additional centre:- to be established as per the require-
1.
ments.
units shall be directed to identify
Local
Self-Govt.
to formal education and compulsory
children residue. ■
enrolment to NFE entres.
2.
Resources shall be provided adequately to the families
of
children residual to Formal Education on the ground
of dependence on earnings of such children;
on the
certification by the local administration.
3.
child of the State residual to Formal Education
shall be ensured access to NFE at least for five years.
4.
20
:|
POINT
TEN
«™CING_BARLY_mo _PREQUENT_CHILD_BEAEING AMONG WOMEN
91r*‘
i
above "thxoSjh’lesjj
B’
Spacing birth intervals to 3 years.
18
years
°nd
Limiting t^ie families within two children strictly.
RAISING
& ENSURING THE AGE OF MARRIAGE OF GIRLS
TO
18
YEARS.
GOAL:
Every girl getting marriage is commenced at
than 18 years strictly.
1995:
To achieve 30% of the goal.
1998:
To achieve 60% of the goal.
2000:
To achieve 100% of the goal.
not
less
CURRENT STATUS
The
legal
age of marriage is 18 years.
The Social,
Cultural
and economic pressures result in many rural girls gettina married before they can achieve physical, psychological
and
emotional maturity. It is essential that every girl child gets
the opportunity to fully develop her potential as a self-relieant
TndiwiHnal
The
ill effects of early marriage and pregnancy
reflected in low health and nutritional status for the mother and
child
loi social, educational and economic status of girls and
women.
ACTIONS:
1
2.
3,
4
•
• awareness creation for raising age of marriage
Intensive awareness
to 18 years.
.
ni
and educational system to be modified to
curricullum
to coniplete education.
encourage all y
• is and women to be come aware of the message.
All
*
amnaian among male youth, parents and elders
intensive ca^P“^
, early marriage and pregnancy.
on adverse affect o
21
5.
Compulsory registratin
laws to punish offenders °
marriages and
enforcing
6.
income generatina\chAOgramn,e for adolescent? girls and
ties fo? rural Xen
8elf'^Ployment opportuni7.
woSn^or bu^d°heSiVt9rOUp8 for ^olescent girls
and
women for building self confidence and self defence.
B.
SPACING BIRTH INTERVALS TO 3 YEARS.
GOAL :
To
reduce crude birth rate to less
ensure birth interval to 3 years. .
1995
:
Reduce crude birth rate to 28/1000. and ensuring
intervals to 3 years.
1998
:
Reduce
years.
2000
:
Reduce CBR to 25/1000.
than
25/1000
CBR to 26/1000 and minimum birth interval
and
birth
to
3
,
CURRENT STATUS :
The CBR in Orissa was 31.9 in 1988.
The birth rate
trend in the State shows a steady decline and the status achievemerit is praiseworthy. However, a continuing reduction in the CBR
is
essential to maintain maternal and child health to reach the
goal by 2000 AD.
It
is being recognised that achievement of sterilisa
tion targets
and couple protection rates do not absolutely
corrlate with trends in birth rates. Factors that influence the
prevention of birth are many viz.
literacy,
and educational «
status
of women. Age at marriage being above 18 years,
chances
of
survival of children as influenced by birth weights above 3
Kg.
and
birth interval 3 years or more. Currently
the family
welfare oroarammes in Orissa is focussed pre-dominently on ster
ilisation and contraception and not sufficiently on the factors
listed above.
22
ACTIONS
:
1.
T f°r
welfare uill fee
responsibility
^er-departmenta! and Inter-Sectoral
concerned sectors
g^a^mes win be planned
jointly by
ner
to fl L
\
departl"ent8 in Co-ordinated man
birth
Wor i
Jhe?8SUe8 Of right a9e of marriage,
availAhim
\ blrth weight, .age at last birth and
availability and acceptance of a range of contraceptive
services.
2.
Particular, attention will be focussed on organising
women at village level for enabling health action by all
members
of the community through persuation. This will
help to shift the programme away from being an intensive
health based programme to a community movement.
3.
Intensive political and administrative support to the
programme will be provided through regular monitoring
and review at Panchayat, District & State levels.
C.
LIMITING THE FAMILIES WITHIN TWO CHILDREN STRICTLY
GOAL
:
To reduce children per couple to two children .'trictly.
1995
:
Reduce
average
strictly.
1998
:
children per couple
to
two
children
Reduce minimum children per couple to 2 children strict
ly.
2000
Ensure Orissa a two children per couple State.
:
ACTION
:
1.
Raisina life expectancy of new borns to raise ; .nfidence
in couples to limit families within two children.
2.
Strengthening and ensuring provision of
Incentive to
couples following the norm of two. children family plan-
ning.
Strengthening and accelerating mass education on
family
3.
planning programmes.
4.
J
eliaible mothers through prevailing specific
Educating
? tipq to two children norms
ano
family
programmes
reidtn.y
planning.
23
POINT ELEVEN
---- ^^SING_OF_GIRL CHILD PROTECTION SCHEMES.
A.
improvementjn_the_existing_girl child protection’scheme
GOAL :
scheme for the gir^child f°r 8n'oot^
implementation
of
1995
:
1998
:
eachen8tatePrR°Htt^ °f pFo,3rai™es for girl
genera! and ftdistric^ level Projects for
general and for women in particular.
2000
:
thZUrq?t 3 tOtt covera9e of girl children throughout
state availing/access to any of
the projects/programmes implemented in State of'local level.
tion of GP8ain1eachnidi8t^ict.di8triCt leVS1
in,Plementa“
children
children
in
in
CURRENT STATUS:
Access to programme and projects/schemes developed
for
the
benefit of girl children by the target group in Orissa was
very slow in the decades past and it is now gathering momentum.
The women liberalisation and development policy of the
present
State Government clearly reveals the emphasis putforth
for popularising of girl child protection schemes.
The sex ratio in Orissa has shown a declining steadily
trend
from
1001
in 1961 to 972 in 1991 for
1 000 men.
Female
infant mortality rate in higher than the male.
ACTIONS
1.
:
Awareness creation and social mobilis.^t ion for improving
the status of girls, value of basic education, evils of
Slid labour, early marriage and pregnancy.
Coverage in all public information chanels for improving
2.
the condition of girl chii .
Economic
3.
4.
5.
^^tadolescent^i^ls!
women
and
skill
development for a<
C
nrational Skills and
self-employment
Provision of voca
t adolescent girls.
opportunities for drop
.u rededicate all development proThe Government wii
us of girls and women.
grammes to improve tne
POINT TWELVE
eradication of gender discrimination and female
INFANTICIDE
:4
GOAL
Improve
status of girl children and women by
equal
opportunities
and equal sex ratio for
s exes.
achieving
both the
1995
Arrest the declining rate in sex ratio.
1998
Ensuring equal and even distribution of both the
in access for opportunities.
2000
Ensuring equality of status and representation of both
the
sexes in all sectors including public and private
enterprises.
sexes
CURRENT STATUS
The
indicators of gender disparities in the State include :
<
i
a)
Literacy - Male/Female
b)
Agricultural - Male/Female
day.
c)
Representation in legislative Male/Female :- 139/8
Assembly
62.37/34.40
Rs.25/-,Rs.15/-* wages
per
Women are found to be malnourished and Anemic
e)
7
Women are married early and there is a high risk of life
due to too frequent pregnancy and child birth.
f)
S'omen are
illterate
during marriage.
9
and get often
abused
Because of poor education and awareness the
opportunities are low.
dowry
for
employment
These indicators reflect the fundamental preference for
,
and lead to a reflection that a girl child is more
an "economi. and social burden and liability than a contributing
member of the family with value and worth.
1
I
I
I
25
ACTIONS
x
1.
relatina to fo
i
enforcement of existing laws
reaistratio einal® infanticide, compulsory birth S, death
of the dn
n' re9^strati°n of marriage, and enforcement
of the dowry prohibition Act be ensured.
"
2.
Remoying gender desparities in health & nutrition care
e^uca ion and achieving universal primary education
tor girls and women.
3.
Special
initiatives shall be taken as short-term
ures to ensure survival of female children.
meas
4.
Ensure availability of sex agreegated data in all
tors to monitor desparity reduction progress.
sec
5.
The law related to foetal abortion (Medical termination
of pregnancy Act, 1971) will be strictly enforced in the
State
&
suitable monitoring mechanism will be intro
duced .
6.
All
efforts will be put to discourage prevalence of
unau-thorised clinical sex determination with enforce
ment of
sex determination prohibition Act in genetic
counselling centres, laboratories, clinic Gynaecologist
& Medical practioners.
, .
7.
Legal intervention will be made for those who use ultra
sonography prenatal diagonostic technigues
for
the
purpose of determination of sex with the possible objec
tive termination of pregnancy.
POINTTHIRTEEN
PREVENTION
OF CHILDHOOD DISABILITY AND EARLY
FOR REHABILITATION
DETECTION
GOAL :
Rv 2000 A.D. childhood disability will be prevented or
detected early for rehabilitation within the community.
1995
:
Community based prevention, early detection and rehabil
itation coverage in 10 districts
1998
:
2000
:
Extension to 20 districts.
Coverage in the whole state.
26
CURRENT STATUS
:
available The
’member
°f disab*ed children (0-14 years)
ACTIONS
is
not
"
Services for prevention,, early detection and rehabilita
tion of disable children will be provided through an
integrated Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) approach
strengthening efforts py NGOs and linking with Govt.
infrastructure and network.
2.
All
ICDS workers and village level health nurses
and
traditional birth attendant will be trained in early
detection and simple early stimulation techniques.
3.
Simplified techniques will be developed for screening of
new borns
at all maternity centres
at municipal and
District level Hospitals.
4.
Existing facilities and assistance will be extended for
greater coverage through establishment of early detec
tion institutions, genetic laboratory, regular supply of
aids and appliances etc.
POINT FOURTEEN
EMPHASIS TO BE GIVEN IN PREFERNTIAL TREATMENT TO SPECIAL
NEEDED
CHILDREN (MENTALLY RETARDED)
Orissa will ensure a fair and just
special need children categorically.
Achieve
100%
treatment
early identification of special
need
to
all
children
Ensure all special need children avail the services both
institutional and community based specifically estab
lished for them.
Strengthening preventive, curative and rehabilitative
services for a sustained achievement in providing pref
erential treatment to children, in special need.
27
CURRENT STATUS
ACTIONS
Data not available.
:
made3compulsory.Chlldren in need o£ special" care will be
childrZ^f011
Protection and integration
children in special need will be prepared.
jGr
free
chlldren.
environment will be
promoted
of
for
the
these
Communication through media and field functionaries will
be made for increased awareness of ;
a)
Risks
involved in having children when maternal age
below 18 and above 30 years.
b)
Care during pregnancy against accidents and communicable
disease and avoidance of smoking alcohol, X-ray,
heavy
work and non-prescribed medication.
c)
Child care to avoid accidents.
d)
The children in need of special care be given care
integration into the society.
is
for
POINT FIFTEEN
PREVENTIVE, CURATIVE AND REHABILITATIVE MEASURES FOR A GRADUAL
ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR.
****
GOAL :
1995
*
Bonded child labour, child labour in hazardous indus
tries
(children under 15 years) and child labour of
children under 12 in all industries and categories will
be eliminated.
.
.
Eliminate child labour in fire work industries withdraw
children under 12 years from heavy industries.
Eliminate bonded child labour (Lchildren under 15 years
from Bidi industry.
.
Withdraw children under 10 years in all categories of
un-organised sectors.
,
1998
:
Eliminate
child
labour from
domestic
and
restaurant
services.
Withdraw children under 12 in all categories
28
I;
Eliminate all bonded labours.
2000
:
do^«“G«ndiinor9^'iLin4i’c“B?US indu’tcie8' »nd fr°“
CURRENT STATUS :
While
the
exact scale of child labour is not known,
that
is extensive in
some areas/industries
(Mine,
Construction
ccdnnnidi
industries) is well known. It is estimated
e
»•
----- kz.*..*»»«•
that over
55,000 no. r ,
labourers including girls are now working in
Bidi industries in the remote districts of Orissa. And much
.1 more
than
the
figures are working in the unorganised sector of
the
Urban areas like ; Hotels,
”
’
Restaurants and construction works.
Bonded Child Labour is found in varying degrees in
remote areas.
ACTIONS
the
:
Situation analysis of the extent of child labour in the
hazardous
industries
and to identify industries
and
areas with bonded labour throughout the State
(to be
completed by mid- 1994)
Introduction of an integrated and multi-sectoral ap
proach which addresses the problem from different dimen
sions for each hazardous indust.ries, i.e. raising adult
income
levels,
rural and agricultural development
in
drought prone areas, spreading of selected industries to
alleviate concentration of labour demand, formation of
workers co-operatives and unio* etc.
Strong enforcement of the chi Jo labour Act 1986
*
State
framed.
rules
:
immediately
under the Act
will
be
*
Enforcement machinary v. ..11
child labour in extensive areas.
be
strengthened
in
*
Special codes will be established in child labour
intensive areas with special public prosecutors.
★
Designation of a panel of medical
certification of proof of age.
officers
for
with compulsory primary education with common
communication and .social mobilization activities.
Tink-UD
2$»
5.
alist
unit^^ operation and partnership of industriworkina
'
‘“options,
trade unions
and
organisations.
86 collaborati6n with non-governmental
6.
?^^H1.r-a2d4:flexiblv timing/calender for schools
to
v , .
e
teaching the children engaged for
hold occupations in the family.
house
be
7.
Consumption credit facilities to be made available
parents to prevent begging by the street children.
8.
Counselling and support systems
for parents through
NGO's Teachers and field functionaries to disguide them
from bonding their children.
1;
Strict and immediate action by revenue officialst police
and other authorities to proceed against employers
engaging child labour.
9.
for
Institutions with multipurpose support systems shall be
established in the urban sectors to avoid migrant child
labours from the remote areas.
10.
POINT SIXTEEN
PROTECTING
GOAL :
CHILDREN FROM NEGLEGENCE, ABUSE
AND ENGULFED SOCIAL EVILS :
DELINQUENCY
To protect each emerging child endangered to be neglect
ed, abused.
1995
;
1998
:
2000
:
Reduce Child negligence by 50% of 1992 level.
Reduce child abuse by 50% of 1992 level.
To ensure protection of existing as well as the emerging
children identified to be neglected, abused and prone to
Evils by 50% of 1992 levels.
CURRENT STATUS :
The exact statistics of the child population under
eateaorv is yet to be known.
An informal
study
fii. s the incidence of these category is almot 9 to
10%
of
the total population in urban sector and 2
3%
m
rural sector.
30
actions
1.
*
chiidi^eglegence an^buseUand°P ??aly8is of the extent
of
completed by end'of 1994. d Evil"Prone children is to be
2.
torbe9e„^«d?G”ent °£ th° Juvenile
** »>?
*
«- Reconstitution of
juvenile boards
court both at State & District levels.
and
Review
quency.
regular
of the boards shall be at a
i-
juvenile
fre
Non-institutional and de-institutional approaches
shall be initiated, strengthened and emphasized.
*
A State Council for juvenile justice shall be
established in a State level with it's district branch
es .
3.
Counselling & family support system for parents
through
NGOs for adequate parental attention and ensuring alter
nates for children under that of various social evils.
4.
Services
and measures shall be imparted for both the
neglected juvebiles and delinquent juveniles and render
single administration i,e.z either by social defence
administration of child welfare administration or by
constituting a separate juvenile justice administration.
5.
Educating people on the preventable social causes
lead to above abnormalities in children.
6.
Family life
Education,
Moral Education and prevocational
& vocational education shall be made available
to
all the identified targated juveniles under those
categories.
31
that
POINT SEVENTEEN
PROTECTING BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS OF CHILDREN TARGET GROUP
GOAL :
To
ensure,, all the children of the State
irrespective
of social origin, to have access to their
basic right to
families and birth right to nationality.
1995
:
To achieve 30% of the goal.
1998
:
To achieve 60% of the goal.
2000
:
To ensure 100% of the achievement.
CURRENT ACHIEVEMENT
The exact percentage of children deprived from
their
basic rights to families and birth right to own
nationality is yet to be found. However,
a calculated
number of 10,000 children are found to be of such cate
gories in the State.
Actions
2.
Identification and situation analysis of the extent of
the children to be completed within 1994.
Re-union
of
such children with families,
original -or
alternative
i.e.
Adoption/ Foster Care
.shall
be
strengthened within the communities.
3.
Enforcement
strict.
4 .
Enforcement machinery will be strengthened to
investi
gate check and control the violation of laws related to
children basic right to families and birth right to own
nationality.
1.
5.
6.
of Emigration & Immigration Laws
shall
be
More
resources shall be allocated towards promotion of
non-institutional
and de-institutional
services
like
In-country Adoption,
Foster Care etc. to provide
and
protect the above rights of the (Reprieved children.
Educational and campaign programme shall be strengthened
through
NGOs to communicate the general public on the
basic
needs and rights of the children irrespective of
their social origin.
32
POINT EIGHTEEN
GOAL:
andbeoppo“u““:8ln£^di!h“d—T
of Justice
those who are socialized i„ tSe 'co^o^s
1995:
Achieve 30% of the goal.
1998:
Achieve 60% of the goal.
2000:
Achieve 100% of the goal.
CURRENT STATUS:
The no. of children born to unequal
social
origin,
stigmatically deprived from general
social
system and institutionalised, is calculated to be more
than 8000 in our State and the rate of emerging cases is
600 annually.
ACTIONS :
1.
Identification and situation analysis of the children
born to unequal social origin and deprived of
general
social
system throughout the State to be completed
within 1994.
2.
<The district juvenile Board/ Collector shall ensure
compulsory registration of children of such category
before enrolling them into care institution.
3.
4.
Strict and immediate action by Police and other authori
ties at district levels shall be directed to co-operate
the district administration for identification
and
registration of such cases.
_
•
a nanpl authorities
of iuvenile board
S^S-gover^n?
shall
local
seii y
birth/unequal
well
made
as
be
as
to
inpaualitv of justice on the ground of
social origin before putting the., into
institutions.
5.
Ammendment
‘ sh/1. /isation
to
avoid
unjust^deprivation to children born to excepted
social
origin.
of
children
POINT NINETEEN
ensuring safe drinking water t enviro_ sanitmim
ENSURING SAFE DRINKThir wamvn
ITIES AT ALL CKILORSN-S
GOAL :
_
*
™
person3r"l?hi°a£? S”1 I"1 be
lor every 150
sanitarv
K
coverage of households with
in rural a^d
increaBed to 25% household
in rural and to 50% m urban areas.
CURRENT STATUS
:
The current level of water supply coverage is 1
source
every 250 persons. Many areas have problems of poor quality
drinking water because of high levels of chemical contents and
salinity. Increasing number of wells are becoming dry because of
insufficient
rainfall and over exploitation of ground water
for
irrigation
and industrial
use, Many Schools,
Primary Health
Centres,
health Sub-Centres, Child Welfare Centres,
Anganwadi
Centres do not have drinking water and sanitation facilities.
for
For diarrhoeal diseases to be reduced.
water supply,
sanitation and health services must be provided as an integrated
package. 8% of rural households and 60% of urban households
have
sanitary
facilities. The main problem has been a combination of
low demand as well as low coverage of sanitation programmes.
ACTIONS
1.
2.
3.
Integrated
approach to water sanitati*1
diseases control.
and
diarrhoeal
■ Provide sanitary latrines and water s. ply to all
gov
ernment community service institutions such as
schools,
health centres, child welfare ICDS Centres.
programmes
for
Support
to research and development
.
improved and develop appropriate technology for provision of drinking water in problem areas and find suit
able cost effective techniques for improved re-charging
of the ground water.
State
level appex body to be set up to deal with prob
lems
related to water and district
level monitoring
mechanisms to ensure sustained availabili y o f drinking
water.
34
CURRENT STATUS
X
The
problem of Fnvi-r^
perceived
as a prioritieaed 'factor^n ~ [>eveloPm®nt has
grammes pertaining to the problem Li ! t!le la8t decade.
the globe.
8 gradually spreading of
The
increasing deterioration of the
affect the future citizens.
environment
Although effort^ has been made to bring
awareness still a lot has to be done.
ACTIONS
about
been
Proover
will
social
:
1.
Environmental education shall be a part & parcel in the
course curriculum for both formal & non-formal education
system upto the secondary level.
2•
Additional short-term course curriculum shall be provid
ed
to ensure access to all as an extra subject in the
academic curriculums.
3.
All
educational institutions upto the secondary level
shall
be
allocated resources
to celebrate bi-annual
(twice
a year) PARIVESH MELA, as they use to celebrate
VIGYAN MELA.
36
CURRENT STATUS x
The
problem of
Environment Development has
perceived
as a prioritiesed factor since the last
decade.
grammes pertaining to the problem is gradually spreading of
the globe.
been
Pro
over
The
increasing deterioration of the
affect the future citizens.
will
environment
Although efforts has been made to bring
awareness still a lot has to be done.
ACTIONS
about
social
:
1.
Environmental education shall be a part & parcel in
the
course curriculum for both formal & non-formal education
system upto the secondary level.
2.
Additional short-term course curriculum shall be provid
ed
to ensure access to all as an extra subject
in
the
academic curriculums.
3.
All
educational institutions upto
the secondary
level
shall
be
allocated resources
to
celebrate
bi-annual
(twice
a year) PARIVESH MELA, as they use to
celebrate
VIGYAN MELA.
36
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