NATIONAL ALLIANCE PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT

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NATIONAL ALLIANCE PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT
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I ORGAN TRADE

To end kidney commerce
Tamil Nadu decides to streamline the implementation of the Transplantation of the Human Organs Act,
1994, but the proposed measures may be inadequate.
ASHA KRISHNAKUMAR
N April 6, the Tamil Nadu govern­
ment announced a series of mea­
sures to “streamline” the implementation
of the Transplantation of Human Organs
Act, 1994. The vast majorin' of doctors,
academics and non-governmental orga­
nisations (NGOs) who are concerned
with the issue in the State, however, are of
the opinion that the measures will
“steam-roller rather than streamline" the
implementation of the Act.
The Transplantation of Human Or­
gans Act is intended “to provide for the
regulation of removal, storage and trans­
plantation of human organs for ther­
apeutic purposes and for the prevention
of commercial dealings in human orga­
ns”. It establishes an institutional struc­
ture to authorise and regulate human
organ transplants and to register hospitals
that can perform transplants. It recog­
nises, for the first time in Indian law, the
concept of brain-stem death, thus paving
the way for a programme of organ har­
vesting from cadavers. It makes kidneyfor-cash transactions a criminal offence.
The Act defines a legally acceptable
donor; it allows, by means of Section 9
a person not related to the recipient
^Plonate his or her kidney for reasons of
“affection or attachment towards the re­
cipient”, with the approval of an Author­
isation Committee. This clause has
turned out to be the biggest loophole, in
the law. It has allowed thousands of cashfor-kidney transactions to take place in
Tamil Nadu, which is known to have a
thriving kidney trade, and elsewhere in
the country.
In Tamil Nadu, proof of a flourishing
trade in kidneys has come periodically
from the media, academics, NGOs and
the general public since 1997 (following
the publication of the Cover Story tided
“Kidneys still for sale”, in Frontline issue
of December 26, 1997). Numerous in­
stances of sale and the existence of bro­
kers
and
a
donor-agent-doctor-hospital-patient nex­
us are well documented. For instance:
* S. Subash (35) and R. Govindan (37)
from Pallipalayam in Tamil Nadu’s Na-

O

“unable to find proof’ of any “kidney
makkal district travelled to Chennai tt
convince the Authorisation Committer sale” in Chennai. Committee chairperson
Dr. C. Ravindranach says: “We are aware
about the emotional bonds between then
that a racket is on in the State. But the
and people they had never met earlie:
(neither have they seen these people since
question is how to establish proof.”
the transplantation); they got Rs.35,00(
The committee’s plea of helplessness
each for the “donation”.
appears to be weak considering the fact
that when the media, particularly a host
* Thambu of Namalwarpet in Chcnna
“donatcri” a kidney to a person whom hr of ti !.‘. an programmes (for instance,
Arch FilmProduktion from
met outside d;c Authorisation Commitl thev u.
c'uiany and Kurtis Film
tee’s oflitr ••: die first time.
I on:
U.S.), have exposed
while ward . .
convince the
Committee - /it rheir “decOl £Fi''i
■. kidney racket in Chennai,
. itn extensive footage of, and
ade-loni . i.oi; .‘I bondage".
.Fearing tire wn..h of his wifi
•u reviews with, donors, brorecipients and even docfor selling his kidney, Thambt;
: v‘
even agreed to the suggestion
i. “'"t
of the agent to hire a woman
-■, •
/ N the “absence of proof of
to pose as his wife (for a fee of j __
.1 kidney commerce in the
Rs.2,000)
before
the :
State”, the State government
committee.
* Prema and Lakshmi in Chennai “sold” has decided to streamline the Authorisa­
their kidneys without even appearing be­ tion Committee’s working and to make
the procedures easier for potential recip­
fore die committee.
* A doctor allegedly promised a donor ients and unrelated donors in remote ar­
Rs. 1.5 lakhs for his kidney but paid him eas of Tamil Nadu by setting up two
only Rs.45,000 after the surgery. The do­ more centres for Authorisation Commit­
nor also alleged that no permission was tees to function - in Madurai and Coim­
taken from the committee for the “dona­ batore. Also, as 20 to 30 cases come
tion”. The matter is pending before the before the committee for approval every
week (it meets once a week at the Gov­
State Human Rights Commission.
★ Dhileep was allegedly cheated by mid­ ernment General Hospital, Chennai) and
dleman
Mahalingam,
who
took “it is very difficult to verify the authen­
Rs. 17,000 for arranging a kidney but did ticity of each case”, the government has
not deliver. Police investigations showed decided to seek the help of NGOs to ver­
that Mahalingam was part of a doctor­ ify the information given by each recip­
ient-donor pair. According to Health
hospital-patient-donor nexus.
* As many as 305 people of Villivakkam Minister S. Semmalai, these two proc­
sold their kidneys. Thereafter their in­ esses are to begin in May.
Although the government has not
come declined by 67 per cent, 75 per cent
of them are still in debt, and the health of given out the details of the plan, accord­
83 per cent of them has deteriorated.
ing to senior nephrologist Dr. M.K. Ma­
ni
of
Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, who has
* Middlemen Moorthy, Fazilbai, Thirurnalai and Bhaskar regularly supply a been a strong voice against live unrelated
stream of “donors” to some hospitals in donations, the measures will not solve the
problem of kidney commerce in the
Chennai.
* Villivakkam, Otteri, Mylapore and State. According to another senior doc­
some Chennai suburbs and with their tor, with an increase in the number of
slum clusters have thousands of people centres to approve “emotional dona­
with just one kidney, after having donat­ tions", the numbers of such donations
ed the other on the grounds of “emotion­ will increase and the agent-hospital-doal bonds” to people they had never seen nor nexus will only get decentralised. Al­
so, according to him, involving NGOs in
before the surgery.
Yet, the Authorisation Committee is the process to verify documents may lead
FRONTLINE. MAY 9, 2003

The police and a racket
PRAVEEN SWAMI

first began investigating complaints
about the racket, was shunred our of
office. Pratap Singh was punished for
having enforced the law in defiance of
the instructions of his superior, Ii
spcctor-General of Police Rajan <
ta. Rajan Gupta, the SIT
rt
suggests, acted because of his close
personal relationship with Sareen,
who had sponsored his foreign travel.
Just what relationship the other
policemen had with Sareen is still not
clear, informed sources toid Frontline
that while some of the police officers

government recently cleared a formal
request from the SIT to arrest his
one-time staff officer, Inspector Gurdial Ram. Gurdial Ram, who has
been absent from duties for at least
■ months, is believed to have now
•to hiding to avoid arrest. The
ror. SIT sources say, is believed
., j
i , r .vledge of the precise de-:1'
the financial relationship behis form, boss and Sareen.
.-i. ■■■'< find Ram.’ a senior SIT
aid, “we believe that we will
must likely have to proceed against
tipra as well on the basis of what he

HE Special Investigation Team
(SIT) headed by Additional Di­
rector-General of Police A.A. Siddiqui, set up to probe the organ trade
scandal in Punjab, submitted
onlidential report to Chief P C i a: . -; Amarinder Singh in April indicting
Deputy Inspectors-Ge • ni of'.’.dice,
at least two Senior Sup<.:i;’ter.G<.-nt-. -.it
Police, three Depute Super.■■ I i of Police and an equal number '< in­
spectors for their alleg'd
doctors engaged in the n..l. .
' Earlier, the SIT h -.dbl.nvn the i -.l
open on arguably the mosi iisgra;
of India's kidney trade scar. Jo's. De-.
tors based at the Kakkar Hospital in
Amritsar were found to have colluded
with brokers who bought kidneys
from poor workers for small sums of
money. Many donors never received
their promised payments; several died
because of poor post-operative care.
Criminal cases were filed subsequent­
ly against doctors accused of involve­
ment in the trade and soon the first
trials commenced. Doctors and sec­
ondary staff have been charged with
various offences, ranging from forg­
ery and fraud to homicide.
Siddiqui’s report suggests that the
trade was carried on partly because of
rhe senior police officials’ relationship
with Dr. Praveen Sareen, the head of
the Kakkar Hospital. The SIT was set.
jkafter Kunwar Vijay Pratap Singh, a
^oung Superintendent of Police who

made repeated and sueC'.s.'.iu': at­
tempts io sabotage in-'-.-stig,cions.
Siddiqui is believed
haw suggested
that many oi the juni-.j;
person­
nel acted on the it. rn.-;s of top
politicians in the government of
Chief Minister Prakash Singh Badal.
The first complaints about the
Kakkar Hospital reached the police as
early as 1997, from donors who never
received their promised payments. In
many cases, the complainants faced
police harassment, and even arrest,
since paid donors are technically
guilty of a crime. Several donors had
complained that they were subjected
to beatings and custodial threats after
they complained to the police about
the racket.
No one is certain if Siddiqui’s re­
port will lead to administrative or
criminal action, but Rajan Gupta is
already feeling the heat. The State

Piinj.tb’s experience shows just
i.-.-.v .-i tously compromised the regu■ 1. apparatus for live donor organ
., msplants in fact is. The Authorisa. i c Committee in Amritsar, charged
with interviewing potential donors to
ensure th.y were in fact volunteers,
never even met before clearing cases.
Tb.e investigators say that Sareen and
his staff routinely fabricated docu­
ments, which in most cases do not
even mention the real names of organ
recipients and donors. Staff at the
Kakkar Hospital were even able to use
their influence to fudge the records of
deaths of donors and generate paper­
work showing that they were indigents and had died natural deaths, it
is alleged. Worst of all, the local po­
lice themselves were influenced by the
well-connected organ trade lobby.
Clearly, prosecuting the officers
alone will not be enough. A serious
look at the flawed Transplantation of
Human Organs Act has become nec­
essary. ■

to more problems as it would involve
questions such as the credibility of the
NGOs.
But, according to Dr. Ravindranath,
who admits that the system is faulty and
the addresses given by many donors are
false, the latest measures will take care of
the problem of verification of donors.
According to Dr. Ravindranath, there
are 45 approved transplant centres in the
State, including 28 in Chennai. The
committee meets once a week and con­
siders some 30 applications. “It is impos­
sible to verify rhe claims in each case and
it is difficult to establish if money is in­
volved in every donation,” he says.
To this, Dr. Mani says that the job of
the Authorisation Committee is to pre­
vent commercial deals in organs, as man­

dated by law. If it is unable to do so, then
there is every reason to scrap Section 9(3)
which allows for live unrelated donations
on emotional grounds. According to him,
every live unrelated kidney donation is
bound to be commercial in nature and
exploitative of the poor.
According to Dr. George Kurian of
the Christian Medical College Hospital,
Vellore, if the government really wants to
prevent the play of commerce in organ
donation, it will be able to do so - with
requisite will.
“An example of an Act not intended
to be implemented is the Transplantation
of Human Organs Act, 1994,” says Keshava Rao, Professor, National Law School
of India University, Bangalore. He says
there are three petitions pending before

the Supreme Court that seek to scrap Sec­
tion 9(3).
Interestingly, Karnataka, where the
lid was blown off the rampant kidney
commerce in 2002 (Frontline, April 12,
2002) and the Authorisation Committee
reconstituted, saw the applications for
live unrelated donations before the Au­
thorisation Committee come down to a
single digit since then, against some
1,000 in Tamil Nadu during the same
period.
According to Dr. Sunil Shroff of the
MOHAN Foundation which promotes
multi-organ donation, who is an advocate
of the cadaver-based programme, the Ta­
mil Nadu government must consider
how the Karnataka government busted
the kidney rackets in that State by means

T

FRONTLINE. MAY 9, 2003

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of police investigations. In Karnataka, the
system was cleaned up and the Author­
isation Committee made to release data
on donors and recipients approved for
live unrelated transplants (Frontline is in
possession of the complete data set)
thanks to the efforts of Dr. H.R. Sudarshan, who spearheaded the expose.
In contrast, in Tamil Nadu, accord­
ing to the Department of Medical Educa­
tion, which is meant to document all the
activities of the Authorisation Commit­
tee, no time-series data are available even
with regard to the names, addresses and
occupations of the donors and recipients
that came up before the panel since the
implementation of the Act in 1995
(Frontline, September 13, 2002). Ac­
cording to Dr. Sunil Shroff, the kidney
trade not only exploits the poor, but also
effectively suppresses a cadaver pro­
gramme. Ironically, it is to cater to fewer
than 3 per cent of the patients who need
kidneys (97 per cent of the end-stage re­
nal disease, or ESRD, patients die unable
to afford dialysis or a transplant) that such
an exploitative system is being sustained.
According to Dr. J. Amalorpavanathan, Transplant Coordinator at the Gov­
ernment General Hospital, Chennai, at
least one case of brain-stem death occurs

every week in the hospital. Between eight
and ten brain-stem deaths take place in
the intensive care units of Chennai hospi­
tals at any point in time. But, according
to Dr. Shroff, organ donation takes place
hardly in 19 per cent of brain-stem death
cases. This is because of problems, in­
cluding a shortage of approved specials
to certify brain-stem death and laJ^^f
facilities to reach trauma patients to hos­
pitals in time to harvest organs. “If the
government really wants to help ESRD
patients, it should take measures to ad­
dress these problems and put a cadaver
programme in place,” he says. Dr. Mani
recommends a preventive care pro­
gramme with focus on diabetes and blood
pressure, the main causes of EBRD.
A senior nephrologist who prefers not
to reveal his name in this context, says
that if the government is serious about
cleaning up the system and ending kidney
commerce, as mandated by the Act, it
must first make the functioning of the
Authorisation Committee more transpar­
ent, making it accountable and responsib­
le for every' decision taken, and breaking
the donor-broker-doctor-hospital nexus.
What more proof does the government
need for the prevalence of a trade in kid­
neys than there already is?" he asks. ■
FRONTLINE, MAY 9. 2003

H S'A- S'

RUHSA DEPARTMENT

CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL

RUHSA CAMPUS
RUHSA CAMPUS P.O. 632 209
N. A. A. DISTRICT
TAMIL NADU
SOUTH INDIA

RUH SA DEPARTMENT OF CMC HOSPITAL, VELLORE

COURSE DETAILS OF DIPLOMA IN COMMUNITY HEALTH MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
The Diploma in Community Health Management is a course
started at the RUHSA* Department, CMC&H, at it RUHSA Campus,
in 1983 with the assistance of Voluntary Health Association
of India, New Delhi. Planners of this course saw the need
and demand for competent and committed personnel in community
health management. The frustration faced due to lack of
personnel and managers with the attitude, knowledge, skills
and experience to provide dynamic leadership in this area
was also identified.
The 15 month DCHM course is planned to prepares
* Managers and Team Leaders for Integrated
Community Health and Development projects
of Voluntary Agencies.

* Effective Trainers and Personnel for potential
community health and development training,
Research centres of non-government and
government organisations.
OVERALL GOAL
The overall goal of this course is to make available people
who have the skills and knowledge to be effective at the
management and supervisory level of Community Health and
Development programmes, projects and activities; people who
are concerned about social justice, health and economic
status of the people, willing to work for the oppressed and
marginalised and weaker sections of the community and
prepared to learn and grow personally with a desire to make
health and healthy community life a reality for all people.

* Rural Unit for Health and Social Affairs

: 2 :
GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this course the
candidate will be able to:
* Determine the effect on people’s health of socio-political
and economic systems at the macro and micro level.
* Create a desire to work collectively for a just and
equitable society.
* Take responsibility for own learning.

* Apply problem solving methods.
* Plan, organise, implement and evaluate Community Health
and Development programmes.

* Accept role of change agent/facilitator in order to make
health a means and measures of development.
* Understand the team concept and show the ability to take
leadership role in the team.
* Promote and facilitate training, research and consultancy
programmes.
SELECTION CRITERIA

* Bachelor’s Degree in any discipline: Arts, Science,
Social Sciences, Law, Management, Engineering, Medicine,
Nursing etc.
* Non-graduates with work experience and proven ability
to handle the course are also eligible to apply.
* Ability to handle English as a medium of learning.
* Experience in the field of Health and Development
programmes.
* Strong motivation and committment towards working for
and with the poorest section of the society.
* Those sponsored by a voluntary agency with assurance of
a job, after the course, will be given priority in
selection.

* Passing entrance examination and interview conducted at
CMCH.

: 3 :

COURSE CONTENT
* Studies of Society
* Health and Development
* Techniques of Studying Community Health
* Management and Administrative Principles
* Effective Change Agent
* Electives and Practicum
TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Methodology of instruction includes participatory techniques,
simulation and self directed learning techniques.

Student centered participatory training technique is adopted.
The following are the most commonly used methodologies:
a) Problem based learning
b) Workshops
c) Practical Field experience alternating with work
at the RUHSA centre on analysis end study of
problems and issues interlinking theory and practice.
d) Group Methods:- Discussion, seminars, panel, role
play, simulation exercises, etc.
e)
Individual Work:- Book review and project reports
on problems in student’s own field/interest and
*
study areas in which the participant is deficient.

FACULTY
Full time core faculty in RUHSA with appropriate academic
qualification, good field experience and close understand­
ing of third world countries, its resources and problems.

a)

b)

Guest Faculty: drawn from specialists in India for short
periods.

c)

Visiting Faculty of experts from other countries who have
had experience in other developing countries having
appropriate knowledge or skills to share and can come for
periods of time.

4

This is done both concurrently and periodically. It is
participatory and each student is actively involved in
the process of his/her own evaluation. Comparison
between student is not adopted but individual growth
and performance of the students throughout the course is
stress' '. Students who satisfactorily and successfully
complete the course are recommended to VHAI Educational
Council for awarding the DIPLOMA IK COM WIT Y HEALTH
MANAGEMENT .

(. ^HSE details
* Venue

* No.of Candidates

: RUHSA Campus
RUHSA Post
North Arcot District 632 209
Tamil Nadu, S.India
Upto 20 per course

s 15 months' (12 months residential
♦ Length of the Course
and 3 months practicum postings with the sponsoring
institutions)

Additional Expenses

♦ Costs
Tuition
Registration
Library
Assignment/Projects
Medical
Hostel (Rs.75x12)
Security Deposit
(Refundable)
Certification Fee
to VHAI
Project related
Travel

Rs.
1 ,500
100
2oo

—Food (Rs.500 x 12)
Books (suggested)
(approximately)

Rs.
6,000
600

250
75
900
200

100
625

4,000

- nr-r6,600

5

’’ot_e: Since the course is subsidised for students from
7 ndia and its immediate neighbouring countries, an inter­
national fee of US $2000 is charged for students from
other countries. Included in this is the cost of tuition,
accommodation and the average cost of ri ral South Indian
Food. International students need to make arrangements
for additional funds to have food according to their own
tastes and standards.

SCHOLARSHIP
Few scholarships are available for covering tuition and
accommodation costs. Sponsoring organisations or individuals
are responsible for boarding. The scholarships are provided
by VHAI. Intending participants should write to the
following* for scholarship and confirm availability of
scholarship if this is necessary. VHAI scholarships are
primarily meant for students from India and its immediate
Neighbouring countries.
* The Executive Director
Voluntary Health Association of India
40, Institutional Area
South of IIT, New Delhi 110 016
Tel: 668071 Fax: 011-676377

STH">-»-r PrOFJI^E

The c!eristics of the 74 students (attended from 1983
tc 1990) with respect to sex, age and educational background
are p:.e; i.-.ed below:

Total.
a) Sex:

nt„s: 74
Males
Females

b) Age (Years):

15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49

48
26
2
15
23
18
8
5
3

c) Education: Predegree/Intermediate

11

Diploma/Non-Graduates

23

Graduates

19

Post Graduates

4

Nurses

12

Doctors

5

: 7 :

The following are some of the important voluntary agencies
which sponsored candidates for the DCHM.course:
,T ncta.
- Kus reth Hospital, Sisters of Charity, Bihar
- Child in Need Institute, West Bengal
- Hyden Hall Institute, Darjeeling
- Bangalore Baptist Hospital . Karnataka
~ St/uke Hospital, Vengurla, Maharashtra
■= Holly Cress Institute, Bihar
- Department of Health, Central Tibetian Secretariat,
; harmssala
- Good Shephered Provincialate, Karnataka
- Bengal Rural Welfare Service, West Bengal
- Church of North India, West Bengal
- Tarar.nath Maternity & Child Welfare Centre, West Bengal
- Sihora Mission Marthoma Syrian Chufch, Madhya Pradesh
- Salvation Army, S.W.India Territory, Kerala
- Salvation Army, Cathrine Booth Hospital, Kanyakumari
- West Bengal Rural and Urban Development Centre, West Bengal
- Schefflin Leprosy Rehabilitation & Training Centre,
Tamil Nadu
- Bethel General Hospital, Vuyuru, Andhra Pradesh
- Rural Development Trust, Andhra Pradesh
- Memorial Hospital, Uttarpradesh
- Christian Hospital, Sampalpur, Orissa
- Indian Evangelical Lutheran Church, Tamil Nadu
- Nava Jeevan Seva Mandal, Gujarat
- Dharmapuri Clinical Diagnostic Centre, Tamil Nadu
- CSI Rainy Hospital, Tamil Nadu
- SUCHI, Andhra Pradesh
- Congregation of Carmelite, Sisters of Charity Gujarat
- Lutheran Christian Health & Medical Centre, Tamil Nadu
- Bosco Reach out Provincialate, Assam
- CSI, Vellore Diocese, Tamil Nadu
- Trivendrum Social Service Society, Kerala

: 8 :
- Manipur State VHAI
- Rangammal Health Centre, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu
- CODEP, St.Thomas Hospital and Leprosy.Centre, Tamil Nadu
- Rural Integrated Development Organisation, Tamil Nadu
- Sisters of St.Joseph of Chambery, Madhya Pradesh

4hr,gad
- Save the Children Fund, Nepal
- Godavari Alumni Association, Nepal
- Community Health and Development Project, Nepal
- Mityana Diocese, Uganda
- PERDHAKI, Indonesia
- ONARS, Djibour, East Africa
- HPSRN, Nepal
- Save the Children Fund, USA
- MERU, Kenya
- Holy Family Provincialate, Srilank^
- Lutheran World Service Community Development Project,
Nepal
- Red Cross, Sudan
For further details please write to:

Dr.Rajaratnam Abel
Head of RUHSA Department
RUHSA P.O. 632 209
(Via) K.V.Kuppam
North Arcot Ambedkar Dt.
Tamil Nadu

Phone: K.V.Kuppam - 52, 53, 54
Grams: RUHSA, Kilvayattanankuppam

S A ■ ^3

CHAI INSTITUTE OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT STUDIES
Introduction

The

Catholic Hospital Association ,of India has been

working

in

the

-Field

o-F Health and Development to empower and

uplift

the

poor

and

needy for over 5@ years.

the

It also has got

in the world with more than 2600 institutions.

network

laroet

has come for CHAI to give a challenging leadership

time

the

Now

at least

at Asia level to start with, for similar networks and innumerable
NGOs.

After

the

Jubilee evaluation, CHAI

Golden

for

priorities

the

Development

Resource

next

decade and

came

with

beyond.

has become so strongly as one of

few

the

immediate needs CHAI needs to address.

The

Chinese

proverb has rightly said, it is

than to give fish.

fishing"

better

"teach

to

Having this in mind, CHAI with

its

rich experience has planned to use the different experties in the
country

to train the potential trainers of this country and

the

other Asian countries for a meaningful change in the near future.
Hence the need for a CHAI Institute of Health Management

studies

is imminent .
The need
As the great saying goes "The solution is where the problem

is",

the

best way to counteract any issues and problems, is to

learn

and

to address such needs in the birth place of such

concept

To-day's

people

to

strive

hard

of health and development is

claim health and development as their

towards

it

as

communities.

In

tn

incidents.
empower

right
addition

and

the
to

many

institutions have got highly commited staff, but they lack skills

do

have

of institutions for management studies, but they are

all

aspects of health and development.

management

in

number

more

towards

focussed

becomes

very

vital

Industrial related
to

plan

and

We

management.

So,

skills

imparting

conduct

it

the

programmes with the existing highly experienced stalwarts in

field and the rich experience CHAI has gained so far in the field

of health and development, than encourage and recommend people
go abroad for gaining skills and experience which is many a
and

irrelevant

non-applicable back home.

This forces

to

time

CHAI

to

give leadership by establishing a full fledged training institute

to cater to the needs of the Asian and African countries and thus
bring down the cost of training and at the same time provide more
meaningful experiences and skills.
Overall goal

The

and

overall goal of this Institute will be to impart skills

knowledge to be effective at the management and supervisory level
of

Commuity

health,

Health
for

activities

social

and Development

programmes,

people who are concerned about

projects

Social

and economic status of the people in

and

Justice,
the

Asian

and African countries.
■

Sfejeefives

1.

To

offer professional courses in

management

for

Health

and

development

mainly to the people in Asia

and

African

institutions

to

acquire

countries.
2.

To

facilitate

professional

the CHAI
standards

member

in various disciplines related

health and development management.

to

3.

To

establish a resource centre in Health

and

Development

Management studies.
4.

To become accreditors in promoting professional standards t.

the

individuals

development

5.

health

and institutions involved in

and

management studies and training.

To equip NGO's to become more professional in

health

care

management .
6.

To

and

similar

and their collaborating centres in health

policies

establish professional linkages with

bodies

WHO

planning and management studies.

7.

To promote health and development systems research.

Major courses envisaged
1.

Health policies

2.

Health Planning .

3.

Health Management

4.

Hospital Administration/Management

5.

Pastoral care

6.

Counselling

7.

Nursing school Curriculum planning and Management

8.

Health Information system.

9.

Human Resources Development

1®.

Primary Health Care Management

11.

Behavioural Management

12.

Community Based Rehabilitation Management

13.

Communicat ion and Media Planning and Management

14.

Computer application in Management

15.

Project proposal writing and Management

16.

Participatory Evaluation Techniques

Participatory. Project Formulation

PRA and Research Methodologies.
be Diploma and Certificate programmes

There

will

three

months to

one year

ranging

and also longer courses like MPH

courses leading to Ph.D.

Apart

from the major courses, there will be crash programmes

of

shorter duration to cater to the needs of the NGOs and Government

and this will also serve as a refresher programme for the
courses

update the participants with recent

to

longer

and

scientific

the

following

knowledge and skills from time to time.
The clientele
The

institute

will

basically

concentrate

on

category of staff from the Asian and African countries.

Government Organisations
Non Government organisations
Church related organisations

AffiIiat ion

In

the

courses

longer
or

run, it is also envisaged to make

some

of

even the Institute gets affiliated to

some

fore’ign

universities to give credibility and a,, seijse of satisfaction

the

for

the participants, other wise seeking admission abroad.
Scholarships
Our

requests

candidates

thus

make

similar

funds.

will

be

to

our

funding

to

partners

sponsor

for these courses, instead of sponsoring

abroad

any single scholarship for a course abroad

to

four

the

same

candidates

to continue the courses here

for

and

The Faculty

a) Core -Faculty

The -Faculty members will be From CHAI network and -From

professionals
b)

Guest faculty

in the country in different fields.

Post Box 2153.157/6 Staff Road,
Gunrock Enclave,
Secunderabad - 500 003. AP
Phone: 848293, 848457, 841610
Telex: 0425 6674 CHAI IN

HEALTH ACCESSORIES FOR ALL
14/07/95

My Dear Friend

Sub: Health Action and Catalyst: Combined Meeting
of the Editorial Boards and Advisory Committees.

The next meeting of the Editorial Boards and Advisory Committees of 'Health Action' and

'Catalyst' will be held at 9.30 a.m. on Saturday, 12 August 1995, at the Conference Room,
The Catholic Hospital Association of India, PB No.2126, 157/6 Staff Road, Gunrock En­
clave, Secunderabad-500 009. The meeting is likely to be over by 1 p.m., followed by
lunch.
I request you to kindly be present and participate actively in the meeting.

Kindly confirm your participation.
Thanking you and wishing you all the best.

Yours sincerely

L
{

Dr C M Francis-

/

EDITOR

AGENDA
1.
2.
3.

Review of the previous six issues of
(i) Health Action (il) Catalyst
Suggestions regarding
(i) improvement (ii) forthcoming issues
Any other matter admitted by the chair.

TOPICS OF HEALTH ACTION 1995
January-

1995

Hereditary Diseases
Health in the Mid decades

Feb.
Mar.

Financing Health Care

■Apr.

Coping with disasters

May

Building Healthy Families

June

Making Motherhood safe

July
Aug.

Health of Senior Citizens

Sept.

Malnutrition

Oct.
Nov.

Gram Panchayat & Health
Health Legislation

Dec.

AIDS

Waste not the Waste

MINUTES OF THE COMBINED MEETING OF THE EDITORIAL BOARDS AND
ADVISORY COMMI'ITEES OF HEALTH ACTION AND CATALYST

Venue

:

Conference Room of CHAI

Date

s

18.2.1995

Time

:

11 a.m.

Present

Fr. John Vattamattom svd.
Fr. Jose Melettukochiyil cst.
Dr. D. Rayanna
Mr. P.O. George
Dr. T.N. Manjunath

Fr. M.J* Edwin
Mr. K. Raghavan
Dr. R. Krishna Rao
Mr. P. Ganesh
Sr. Placida Vennalilva]ly
Mr. Jose Vincent
Mr. Dudley Surrao

Lt.Col. Vasanth Kumar
Ms Amala Thomas

Ms. Cecilia Alexander
Mr. Adesh Yadav
Ms. Alphonsa Wilson

Ms. Amutha Xavier
Dr. Ilka Varma

Mr. Sriram Kalaga

Mr. Vasudevan Nair
Dr. C.M. Francis

The meeting

commenced with prayer by Fr. Edwin.

Fr. John Vatramattom svd welcomed all the

participants.

He

introduced Mr. Raghavan, from Delhi(retired from WHO) and thanked
him for attending the meeting.

2

Regretss Dr Shirdi Prasad Tekur, Dr Prem Pais, Dr. Cherian
Thomas and Dr. K.R. Antony.

The members introduced themselves.
Mr. Vasudevan Nair read thfe minutes of

the previous

meeting

and a discussion on the various points followed.

Newsprint quota
Mr Ganesh informed the members of the position with regard

to newsprint quota.

He also gave the details of the costsof

paper (cream wove and newsprint) Dr. C.M. Francis said that
difference in the total cost of printing, using cream wove

paper or newsprint was about

10%.

Amountwise, it would

be

about Rs.5000 per issue of Health Action.
Mr. Dudley Surrao and Mr Jose Vincent asked if the printers
would accept newsprint. Mr Dudley Surrao said it is worthwhile
to go in for newsprint if we get it.

Col. Vasanth Kumar commented that the difference was negligible.

Mr. P.O. George suggested that

we can go in for newsprint for

Ca ta ly st.
Dr. Manjunath suggested that we could reduce the number of pages
of Catalyst and use newsprint.

But

the pages should be well

illustrated.

Three Editions of Catalyst
In order to boost the circulation, Mr. P.O. George suggested
that two more

editions of Catalyst - Bombay and

be brought out.

Kerala -can

The price of the magazine has to be reduced

to rs.5/Finally the fol J owing

;
suggestions

of Catalyst.

*

Reduce the size of the

*

Reduce illustrations

*

Reduce pages .

magazine.

came for reducing the , cost

I
'i

Health Action and UNICEF
Dr. C.M. Francis

said that UNICEF,Hyderabad, is taking

5000 copies each of 4 issues of Health Action during 1995. UNICEF

Bhubaneswar is taking 1000 copies each of the same
issues.

This would naturally add to the revenue, and we will

be able to reach a much

larger number of persons.

Mr. Krishna Rao was of opinion that for any magazine to get

stablized, it would take time.

So we should wait for

some

more time without changing the quality, especially the paper.

Not enough staff
Dr. C.M. Francis said that Catalyst is incurring a heavy loss.

We do not have enough staff.
We should

The Associate Editor has left.

have a full-time editor.

Mr Ganesh said despite the great efforts made to promote the
magazine Catalyst, we have not got any tangible results.
He requested all
circulation.

the members to help in increasing the

Objecfives-action groups

Fr. Edwin said

that the magazine Catalyst was started with the

objective of forming action-groups through

net-working with

students. In that role, the magazine had to promote health
value. We have not succeeded in our attempt. We have only a
magazine.

Our promotion strategy should not be commercial; it

should be action-group oriented.
a mission to achieve.

We have an objective and

Fr. Jose: The idea of forming action groups is too ideal.
It is not

that easy. We. cannot, de pe.nd on the strategy of forming

action-groups and then sell the magazine.

Col. Vasanth Kumar said that we should be clear as to

what our

objectives are. We cannot achieve our objectives in a year
or two. Nowadays, children are so busy with their studies that
they cannot spare time for general reading.

Mr Ganesh asked how we can expect to form action groups when
even the school libraries are not subscribing to the magazine.

Catalyst does not

have any edge over other magazines.

So it

is very fifficult to sell.
Mr. Dudley Surrao commented that our objectives are alright *

but our strategies have failed.

He suggested

The question is what next?

the idea of sponsoring space

or advertisements

in other magazines, to spread our health message.
Dr. C.M. Francis said it can be possible only if the other
magazines have similar objectives like those of ours.

Mr. P.O. George commented that it would be worthwhile running
the magazine . There have been favourable comments on topics
like sex education, nutrition etc., included in the magazine.
Action groups will help in getting a longer mileage.

Should we continue the magazine?

Dr. C.M. Francis

Col.Vasanth Kumar

:

We must be prepared to spend some money;
we have to achieve certain objectives

We have to find seme
getting funds to maintain the

through the magazine.
other source of

magazine.
Can we go in for sponsorship of value­

Dr. C.M. Francis

education?

But

Mr. Dudley Surrao

we have to get somebody whose objectives

are in tune with our concept of value

education.
Mr. Jose Vincent

Fr. John

:

Let us give a time-frame so that we can
work, out things and see if we would succeed.

I have to submit a clear-cut proposal to
the Board in the next meeting. Either we
to continue with the magazine or stop it,
We should take a decision.
has to be passed

The decision

on to the Executive Board.

We have to take a decision and stand by

it-clear-cut options with implications.

' The meeting resumed at 2 p.m. after lunch.

. Prof. Krishna Rao, Board Member and Director, Centre for
Distance Education,. Osmania University,was congratulated on
his winning the International Award-"International Cultural
Diploma of Honour" by the American Biographical Institute,
North Carolina, USA and for being elected as the life.time
Deputy Governor, American Biographical Institute Research

Association.

Dr. C.M. Francis said it

is

a unique honour

to have a person of his calibre to be with us. Dr. Krishna
Rao thanked Fr. John, Fr. Jose, Dr. C.M. Francis and the
members for

felicitating

him.

The discussion on Catalyst continued.

Dr. C.M. Francis made the following points clear.
(a)

Catalyst is appreciated by al] for its

lay-out and cover.

content,

It upholds and promotes the

objectives.
(b)

It is incurring

a heavy loss, because there are not

enough subscriptions.
(c)

There are no advertisements.

There is shortage of staff at the higher level.

There is the need for an editor. We have not been
able to identify a suitable person.
(d)

Editor and Editorial Consultant

Hyderabad.

month.
,

They came

are not resident in

to Hyderabad for part of each

Editorial Consultant often works from his

place of work in Kanyakumari District.
been able to form action-groups so

Dr. Francis will be

We have not

far.

conveying this information to the Managing

Director, HAFA, for the Board to take necessary decision.

Review of previous

issues of Health Action and Catalyst

The general comments:
(1)
Cover page of certain issues has to improve.
(2)

Page-make up has to improve.
Inside black and white
photographs have not come'out clearly.

(3)

The fonts have to improve;

(4)

Colour combination is good but there should be balancing

(5)

Coverage of 'plague1 was inadequate.

(6)

There should be

(7)

Box items on

of colour.

better utilization of space.

kidney could have been given,

in view of

the topical interest.

Advertisements
Col. Vasanth Kumar explained the position with regard to advertise­
ments. Nov; that Deemed Export Scheme of CPS has been withdrawn,
we should explore the possibility of getting advertisements

from pharmaceutical and other companies.

There were suggestions

from members to contact shoe companies, book publishing companies
and others. But as regards advertisements from pharmaceutical

firms, we should not promote advertisements with brand names,
said Dr. C.M. Francis. Firms like Sanghi Group of industries can
be contacted for getting one or two pages, sponsored.

World Health Day
Resolvad to celebrate World Health Day an 8th April 95.

is 'Polio eradication'.

The venue of

The theme

celebration will be' CHAI.

Decided to hold a whole

day symposium followed by a public meeting

Col. Vasanth Kumar and

N. Vasudevan Nair were given the

responsibility of coordinating the work for celebrating World

Health Day.

The next meeting of the Editorial Board! and Advisory Committee!

was tentatively fixed for 3rd September 95, 11 a.m.
The meeting came to a close at 4.30 p.m. with Dr. Francis thanking
the participants for their active participation.

Dr. C.M. Francis
Editor.

n sa
DIPLOMA COURSE IN COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH MANAGEMENT

Introduction
The Action Plan arising from CHAI Golden Jubilee Evaluation Studyhad identified three priorities: Community Health,
Health,
Healing and Wholeness, and Preferential option for the poor. Among
the means identified is Human Resources Development.
The success
of implementing the priorities depends on the availability of
trained and experienced personnel.

Management and training

means to achieve the priorities

needs of the member
When we consider the Human
have to determine the
institutions (and other
encies and how these
strength and weakness as also the
deficiencies can be made good. An area of inr
management
is Management. Many problems arise because of
of India
knowledge and skills. The Catholic Health As
(CHAI) would therefore like to take up training in management on
a priority basis.
Organisational and individual development

CHAI would like to organise learning experiences designed to
bring about the needed behavioural changes for better health.
While the process is geared to achieve the organisational and
institutional goals, it would also focus on the development of
the participants.
Coping with change; change agents

Many of CHAI member institutions face difficulties in coping with
problems and making use of opportunities. There are changes in
the concept of health care; in technology; in legislation. There
are changes in the expectations of the people. Our institutions
must respond adequately to the changes. Not only that. Our people
must be change agents. We need managerial skills to
guide the
organisation
and institutions
to be more
effective
and
eff icient.
Va1ues

CHAI policy on Human Resources Development says that the training
must be relevant with stress on Values. The management training
should reflect these. It should be planned and implemented so as
to make our efforts in health and development relevant to the
needs and times. It should also focus on values such as equity
with quality, social justice and compassion.

Who are to be trained?

The
training
programme should primarily
be
for
member
institutions of CHAI and for the regional and diocesan units. Top
and middle level management will require such training. CHAI with
a membership of over 2600 health care institutions may find it
difficult
to meet all the demands. Yet, the programme must be
open to others as well—other voluntary organisations engaged in
health and development and persons working in the Public Sector.
Later on,
the training may be thrown open to persons from our
neighbouring
countries.
Cross-fertilisation
of
ideas
by
participants from other programmes, backgrounds and cultures can
be very rewarding.
Programme to be unique

The philosophy, the mission and vision, and the objectives of the
programme must be laid down carefully and in some detail. This
programme has to be unique to build the capability of the persons
under training to manage comprehensive health care.

The training should emphasise Community Health, a process of
enabling and empowering the people to attain and maintain health
for themselves,
their families and the community.
Another
priority is health. healing and wholeness. A whole person
approach is needed, understanding the limitations of a purely
biomedical approach. The Management training must be such as to
bring about harmony (healing) in every sphere.

The third priority equally important as the other two,
is the
need for management to have preferential option for the poor,
to
bring about equity with quality.

Resident ial-cum-di stance learning

Many of the candidates who may be sponsored/deputed for the
programme are likely to be busy persons who cannot be away for long
time from the place of work. Further learning while doing and
learning by doing can have greater impact on learning. If the
participants are given an opportunity to tackle problems faced by
them at their work place it will have a salutory effect on the
practice of the theory learned. All these can be accomplished by
a mixture of residential-cum-distance learning.
Faculty, the backbone of training

For any programme to be successful, there is need for an
excellent faculty who can inspire the students. Some of them may
form the core faculty. Others can be the guest faculty. It should
be ensured that all faculty members are in tune with the
philosophy of CHAI. Orientation of new faculty and periodical re­
inforcement of the orientation can ensure that the training
meets the objectives. The faculty, by precept and example, shall
be true role models for students to emulate.

2

Learning Methodology

The methods adopted for training should be learner centred.
Problem analysis and problem solving methods will be used
extensively. Case studies, assignments, simulation games,
small
group discussions and experiential learning methods will be
util ised.
Contents

To achieve the objectives, it is necessary that the contents be
worked out suitably. Among them would be
1.
Community Heal th Indian Society. Community Organiation.
Community
participation. Epidemiology, Primary health
care. India’s health policy environment. Ecology.
2.

Management Principles. Organisational behaviour. Planning
cycle.
Personnel management. Health economics. Financial
management. Operations management.
Information systems.
Evaluation systems. Evaluation. Appraisal systems.

3.

Values and ethics. Negligence. Team work. Leadership. Data
collection and analysis. Quantitative techniques. Elements
of statistics. Laws applicable to health care. Computer in
Management.
’

Resources

Personnel
Library
Field r- frr
Modules Manua1s
Videos

/ locate

bcyfr-w tv-w

Evaluat ion
The course should be monitored continuously and evaluated, so
to bring about desirable changes.

as

Future

It is to be hoped that this course will help to develop an
Institute of Health Management, with national and international
linkages and accreditation.

3

DRAFT PAPER

DIPLOMA IN INTEGRATED HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Introduction

The

Catholic

Golden

Hospital

Association of India

(CHAI)

Jubilee evaluation has strongly felt the need

Resource

Development

project

partners.

course

on

for

its

member

institutions

after

its

for

Human

and

other

Based on discussions and consensus, a

longer

'Diploma in Integrated Health

.Management'

has. been

envisaged.

The need
As the great saying goes "The solution is where the problem

is",

to counteract any issues and problems, the best way to learn

and

to address such needs is the birth place of such incidences.

To­

people

day's concept of health and development is to empower the
to

take care of themselves.

So, it becomes very vital

plan

to

and conduct skills imparting programmes with the existing

skills

in

the field of health and development than to encourage

people

to

go

abroad for trainings which is costly

and

sometimes

non

With this in mind, a course more

suitable

for SAARC countries and particularly to India has been

envisaged

applicable back home.

as DIPLOMA IN INTEGRATED HEALTH MANAGEMENT - D.I.H.M.).

The participants

*

Top and middle
organn i zat ions.

*

Those whose work include direct management responsibility
for local health and development programmes.

*

Those engaged full time or part-time in development work and
community action within their own countries.

*

Those engaged in training or education and the raising
awareness in relation to health and development.

level

management

Health and Development professionals.

workers

of

voluntary

of

Objectives

To analyse a wide range of approaches to health and
development, taking account of local, national and
international perspectives.
To increase participants' awareness of the human dimension
in health and development, as well as enhancing their
knowledge, competence and commitment.
To plan and evaluate health and development programmes.
To plan and organize communities for
for their development.

better

participation

To sharpen the managerial and leadership skills needed in
health and development work to achieve holistic health care.
The Content outline

-

Analysing the obstacles to social, political and economic
change at group, local, national and international levels.

-

Forming and maintaining people's organizations.

-

Programme planning, budgeting, implementing and evaluation.

-

Personnel, materials and financial management.

-

Personality development and communications.

-

Organisational behaviour and leadership.

-

Human Resource Management/Development.

The Entry Requirements
Though

is

it

expected to have

a

graduation

or

professional

background, what is more important is significant experience
responsible

involvement

in-

health and

work.

development

and
To

benefit fully, course members must be fluent in English.

The process

The

programme

training

will have a three

months

intensive

residential

with field visits to enhance the participants

to

their

project/programme for back home along with the experts

the

field.

This

will

be

followed

plan

in

by two and a half months

implementation, monitoring and evaluation in the participants own

working

place.

During

this

will

there

period,

supervisory visits to guide the participants.

be

staff

Followed by

this,

a two weeks presentation and submission of reports will take place
at the training venue to qualify far the Diploma.
The methodology

The

on

attitudes

within

course

is

clarifying

values, considering alternatives,

reflecting

emphasis

training

and understandiang

the

and enhancing skills.

This

inclcudes

place

through exposures, contacts, assignments, problem salving,

group

and

increasing

knowledge

which

acquiring

take

information

will

games and exercises.

The faculty
The faculty members are chosen from among the eminent persons

in

field of health and development from within the country

and

the

abroad.

The

programme

co-ordinator will

be

from

CHAI

head

office.
The Diploma

The

diploma

contribution

is awareded on the basis

of

class

participation,

in groups, satisfactory performance in

and final report presentation.

************

assignments

H SA- 7

CONSULTATION ON
PLANNING A TRAINING PROGRAMME IN HEALTH MANAGEMENT

PROGRAMME

12.08.1995

2.30 P.M

2.40

'•

: Introduction of participants (self)

: Introduction of the topic
Objectives of the Consultation
Clarifications - Dr C.M Francis

3.00

3.30

: Prayer - Fr Sevanand Me loo
: Welcome - Fr John Vattamattom svd.
Executive Director

•'

4.00 ' '•

: Tea

: The Mission and Vision
Objectives of the Course: Statement
(Brain Storming)

Chairperson :
Fr Jose Melettukochiyi1
Asst Executive Director
5.30

: Break

6.00

: Group Discussions

cst

1. Participants of the Course
(eligibility): numbers
2. Methodology (learning)
3. Structure of the Course

7.30

: Break

8.00

: Dinner

13.08.1995
9.00 A.M.

: Prayer

9.05

: Presentation of reports
Chairperson : Ms Manisa

9.30

: Group discussions : Contents of the
Course.

n.oo

■■

: Tea

11.30

■'

: Group discussions:

1.

Faculty (core; quest)

2.

Requirements:
Fee structure

Resources.

3.

Evaluation.
Recognition.

Accreditation.

1.00

P.M.

: Lunch

2.00

■'

: Presentation of Reports
General discussion
Chairperson: Dr C.M. Francis

3.30

"

: Tea

4.00

”

: Summary

4.45

"

: Vote of thanks -

5.00

"

: Tea & departure

S.P. Doss

AIM

Health is a dynamic process of harmony

within oneself,

within the family, with the neighbours, with the
environment and with God. Our management training would
aim at enabling people to bring about harmony in all
spheres.
OBJECTIVES

At the end of the training, the participants will be
able to:
1.

understand the society in all aspects - Social,

economic, political and cultural and their health
needs in the widest perspective, linking health
development to total development, with equity and
social justice.

2.

understand the concepts of conniunity health as a
process of enabling people to be aware of their
rights and responsibilities in the field of health

and help them manage their own health.

3.

bring about improvement in the management of health

care institutions and services in their programmes

for the poor, redefining their role as resources
for the community, helping them to solve the problems

P.T.O,

2 : -

4.

develop skills in working with the community,

organising them and ensuring effective community
participation and for sustaining the process of
building healthy communities.
5.

develop managerial skills, including planning
organising, communication, monitoring and
participatory evaluation, as also accounting

and financial management.

6.

deal effectively with information and data

collection, analysis and utilization.
7.

build teams and work as a team with the people
and understand true leadership.

8.

understand the role of spirituality in health

care management.
9.

emphasize the importance of doing the right thing

and not merely doing things right.

<fv

W mW|

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ed i . re

Report on Catalyst - health action by students
After two years, we find that the scope

Catalyst

of making

a big general-interest magazine to students has grown dimmer.
For one thing, we didn't get the enthusiastic cooperation we
expected from the AINACS.

its

present

situtation,

So, too, Central Purchasing Service in
may

not

able

be

fetch

any

871 (the

print

to

advertisement revenue.
Right now, the circulation has come back to
. order is 2000?.

Hence, the need for some serious evaluation and

appropriate

remedial action.

We, the staff of HAFA had some sessions to squarely look-

at

• the problem.
“Is the magazine worth our energy, time and money", we asked

ourselves.
the magazine is nut ‘to make any significant

"If

would

a crime to divert attention on it from

be

impact,

it

more

pressing

the

following

priority challenges" commented one.

quite a lot of discussion, we came to

After

, conclusion;

There is no scope for Catalyst as a general-interest magazine

youth.

for the

in this regard.

2.

Even

We will not be able to codipete with other
...

•

magazines

,

as a health magazine, the scope is

limited,

as

almost

every other magazine carries regular health columns.

3.

’ There

other

could be a worthwhile- scope if the

magazine,

hand, turns out to be a promoter of social’ activism

on

the

among

the students, helping to groom future social- activists.
4.

This would automatically mean that the magazine would

reach

interested

small fraction of students, namely those

5.The

in

approach

presentation

should be

in • terms

less

of

articles and more in terms of features, profiles and the like.

As

6.

on

there isn't enough popular reading material

social

activism, our features on social-action-heroes, social issues and

struggles could give a distinct identity to the

social

magazine

and could be appealing even to those who are not so young.
Though it will reach only a limited number- of students,

7.

fact

that

it reaches the right student with the

could

make

the magazine's impact .far outweigh

right

its

the

message

circulation

number.
8.

health is the total well-being, the

As

activism

promote

for

aimed

magazine

very

social well-being will

much

to

a

be

magazine for- health action by students.

our

identity of the magazine is thus made distinct,

we

have also other interest—iterns that would be of appeal

to

Once the

9.
could

target—audience,

launching

the

’ones

the

magazine like sports,

general

promised

while

knowledge,

quiz,

we

Thus, a formula can be worked out.

cartoon strips etc.
10.

especially

For ensuring a regular supply" of competitively

interesting

and relevant-to-the-scope-of—tfae-magazine features, we would need
to

pay

the contributors.

This would mean an expense

Rs.6000/- per

month.

11.

up for this extra expense

To

present

make

expenses

considerably

we

by resorting

could

to

of

about

reduce

trfe

the

following

measures:

a.

Cut down five-colour pages entirely

b.

Make even the cover page just of two or three fla,t colours.

c.

We

may even be able to do with less

■ contributors are paid.

full-time

stiff.

when

12

The above measures would also enable us to add more <■ p^ges

and hence more contents to .the readers.
13.

Change in colour and format could accompany'an

reducing the price of the magazine.

announcement

Price need not be more

than

Rs.5/— per copy.

the formula for the magazine could be as follows

Accord ingly

1.

6

Social Action heroes, social issues and social struggles -

pages.

2.

Interview - 2 pages

3.

Editorial and letter page -• 1 page

4.

Uncle Jovie - 1 page

5.

Self grooming - 2 pages

6.

Media today

- 2 pages

7.

Health Tips

- 2 pages

X

-

8.. Serial story

- 2 pages

9.

- 2 pages

Short story

10.

Cartoon strips - 1/2 - 1 page

11.

Scholl ’experiences - 1 page

12.

National scene

13.

'Internation scene - 1 page

■

- 1 page

14.

Curiosity

-

15.

Sports

- 2 pages

1 page

16.

Problems and questions - 1 page

17.

Sex education

IS.

Career guidance

- 2i pages

- 1 page
- 1 page

19.

Septrum

20.

Psychology

21.

Link between parents and-schools -- 1 page

22.

Humour

23.

Esperanto

>

. - 1/2 page
- 2 pages

- 1 page
j-<

But growingly, and sooner, more and more space will be allotted for

activism—oriented features.
15.

As regards the promotion of the magazine, measures

and

appropriate

worked

out.

adequate

to the new identity of the magazine have to
thrust will be one

The

of ' identifying

be

students

(teachers and parents also) with an activistic bent.
A separate department — School.Health Department needs to be set

up to support promotional measures.
Other NBO type of phomotional Strategies must be studied that is
jriore

1Z>.

to aim at selling a concept ar a movement than a product.

Even

after

the efforts; we may not reach

have

played

a

big

numbers

'Catalyst

circulation,

but

reinforcing

and strengthening-social—activism—aspirations

we

would

among

tomorrow's citizens.
HAFA Team

4

in

role'

by

HEALTH_ACTION,_CATALYST

Report for the_period_01-03-95_to_31-731995

The magazine 'Health Action’ and 'Catalyst* were brought

out on time.

We continue to do so without fail.

Health Action continue to get good support and is received well.

Response from readers are good.

June issue of 'Health Action*

was on "Safe Mother Hood" UNICEF purchased 6575 copies of
it. UNICEF has offered to buy a similar number for the September

issue (Malnutrition) and December issue (AIDS).

Essay Competitions;
1.

"Role of the Family in my growth'.'

Winners were chosen and

distributed prizes in March 95.
2.

"Beyond tolerance: Love and Peace"

3.

"Situation of the people in any locality"

The winners have to be decided and prizes distributed.
In the combined meeting of the Editorial Boards of Health
Action and Catalyst, it was decided that we celebrate the World

Health Day on 8 April 1995.

Col. Vasanth Kumar of Central

Purchasing Service and Vasudevan Nair of HAFA were given the
responsibility of coordinating the work of celebrating the

World Health Day.
World Health Day was celebrated on Saturday 8 April 1995
The theme was "Polio Eradication"
One full day seminar was conducted on the theme. Several
people actively involved in the prevention, treatment and
rehabilitation of polio, together with respresentative from

Governmental and international agencies participated in the
seminar. Experts from the field spoke on different aspects
of polio.

2

- : 2 : -

The programme concluded with a public meeting.
Shri Madhava Reddy, Hon'ble Minister for Health and
Medical Education Government of Andhra Pradesh, was the

Cheif Guest.

Smt. Sujatha Rao, Secretary, Coordination

and Family Welfare, Govt, of AP, presided over the function

The response to Catalyst has not been satisfactory.

It was

decided to reduce the number of pages to cut down the cost.

The quality is being maintained.

Editorial Coordinator.

MSQA Degree Page

•SS* Home

rs

http://www.msqa.edu/degree.htm

T- About the II
1 University ||

A Typical
Course |

.caa; Meet the,
■
Faculty j

. Library 1
“'—''Access |

J f International 9
"
Students |

Admission
Requirements |

1 Academic 1
B Calendar |

i

Forms |

/ Links |

Seminars |

Howto |
■■ta Register |

*? FAQ |

Master of Science in Quality Assurance
at Southern Polytechnic State University

MSQA

1100 South Marietta Parkway
Marietta, Georgia 30060-2896
Phone: (770) 528-7243
Fax: (770) 528-4991
E-Mail: laft@spsu.edu

About the MSQA Internet Program
In addition to the on-campus offerings, the Southern Polytechnic MSQA program is available via the
internet to qualified students. To complete the MSQA On Line the student must select the Quality
Systems (Non-Thesis) Concentration described in the curriculum section. This option to the program
permits the student to complete virtually all the course work at his or her location, yet retains the
elements of the traditional university with two intensive weekend on-campus symposiums. Located in
suburban Atlanta, Southern Polytechnic State University is a unit of the University System of Georgia
and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
After students are accepted into the program, they register for courses in the normal fashion. Internet
courses will be designated as a separate section. (Students may intermix the internet courses with on
campus courses. However, each course must be completed in its designated format.) Students will access
each course via the MSQA internet home page. Each student will download course requirements,
assignments, and a course outline. At appropriate times students will be provided, via E-Mail,
assignments which are to be completed and E-mailed to the Professor. These will be evaluated and
electronically returned. When appropriate, team assignments will be provided, requiring the students to
communicate electronically with other team members in order to complete the presentation. Each week
the Professor will be available in a "chat room" to discuss course issues and answer questions. At the
conclusion of each course a proctored exam will be given to the student at his/her location. Once each
year students completing the MSQA On Line will come to SPSU in order to make oral presentations and
to interact face to face with the program faculty in an intensive two day symposium. In order to attend
the on-campus meeting the student must register for QA 7504, Research Methods.

Quality Assurance (QA)

Master of Science Degree Offered
The Master’s Program with a major in Quality Assurance is offered by the industrial engineering
technology department in order to meet an established need in both manufacturing and service
industries. The program focuses on total quality management and on analytical methods such as
statistics, process, analysis, and problem solving techniques. A primary objective of the degree is to
provide graduate level study opportunity to individuals who are currently practicing in the quality and
related fields so they may be aware of recent advances and modem practice.

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http://www.msqa.edu/degree.htm

MSQA Degree Page

Engineering and Technology Concentration
(Available to On-Campus Students Only)

This concentration is designed for prospective students who have undergraduate degrees in engineering
technology (all majors), physical science, mathematics, and other technical majors. To qualify fully for
admission students will need the technically oriented undergraduate degree including a laboratory based
physical science, at least one calculus course, and a statistics course. Two years of full time experience
in the field is also expected of all applicants for this concentration. For a fully qualified student the
program requires 36 semester hours of study. The program is offered in either a project or non-project
format. The project option includes 8 semester hours for the Master’s project, which is usually
performed in the employer’s facility. The non-project option requires the student to complete the
research methods course. When admitted, students will be assigned a graduate advisor. Students are
required to work frequently with their advisors to plan the program of study and to maintain progress.

Curriculum
Engineering and Technology Concentration

Project Option
(36 Hours Required)

NUMBER COURSE TITLE
HOURS
4
QA 6602 Total Quality
QA 6611 Advanced Statistical Applications 4
QA 6612 * Advanced Experimental Design 4
4
QA 6615 * Advanced Systems Reliability
4
QA 6650 Quality Systems Design
QA 7704 * Project
8
?
Elective
8
* Available only on campus.

Engineering and Technology Concentration

Non-Project Option
(36 Hours Required)

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MSQA Degree Page

http://www.msqa.edu/degree.htm

NUMBER COURSE TITLE
HOURS
QA 6602 Total Quality
4
QA 6611 Advanced Statistical Applications 4
QA 6612* Advanced Experimental Design 4
QA 6615 * Advanced Systems Reliability
4
QA 6620 Inspection Systems
4
QA 6650 Quality Systems Design
4
QA 7504 * Research Methods
4
Elective
8
* Available only on campus.

* QA 7504 course must be taken by attending two weekend symposiums on-campus. The student
registers for this course once and will receive credit for the course after successfully completing the
second on-campus symposium.

"

Quality Systems Concentration
(Available to Internet and On-Campus Students)

This concentration is designed for students who are working in the quality, training, and related
developmental disciplines. The program has been established to meet the needs of the professional who
has not received a formal technical education in quality, yet must support total quality, continuous
improvement, process management, and re-engineering efforts within their organization. The program
focuses on total quality management and on analytical techniques. On-campus students may select either
the thesis or non-thesis option below. However, internet students must select the non-thesis option listed
below. A primary objective of the degree is to provide graduate level study opportunity to individuals
who are currently practicing in a quality related field who have not had any formal technical education in
the discipline.
The concentration is designed for prospective students who have undergraduate degrees in business,
social science, education, and other non-technical majors. To qualify fully for admission students will
need to hold a bachelor’s degree and either be working in a quality related field, e.g., human resources or
training, or desire to work in the field.

_

V
9

For a qualified student the program requires 36 semester hours of study. Students electing the thesis
option will complete an 8 hour thesis. The remainder of the curriculum includes graduate course work in
Total Quality, Process Analysis, Technical Training, Quality Systems Design, Quality Cost Systems,
and Statistical Process Control.

Curriculum
Quality Systems Concentration - Thesis Option
(36 hours required)

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MSQA Degree Page

http://www.msqa.edu/degree.htm

NUMBER COURSE TITLE
HOURS
QA 6600 Methods of Analysis
4
QA 6602 Total Quality
4
QA 6610 Statistics for Quality Assurance 4
QA 6611 Advanced Statistical Applications 4
QA 6620 Inspection System Design
4
QA 6630 Technical Training Methods
4
QA 6650 Quality Systems Design
4
QA 7804 * Thesis
8

*Available only on campus.

Quality Systems Concentration - Non-Thesis Option
(36 hours required)
NUMBER COURSE TITLE
HOURS
QA 6600 Methods of Analysis
4
QA 6602 Total Quality
4
QA 6610 Statistics for Quality Assurance
4
QA 6611 Advanced Statistical Applications 4
QA 6620 Inspection System Design
4
QA 6630 Technical Training Methods
4
QA 6640 Quality Cost & Supplier Evaluation 4
QA 6650 Quality Systems Design
4
QA 7504 * Research in Quality
4

* QA 7504 course must be taken by attending two weekend symposiums on-campus. The student
registers for this course once and will receive credit for the course after successfully completing the
second on-campus symposium.

MSQA
Course Descriptions
Unless otherwise noted, all courses are 4 credit hours.
QA 6600 Methods of Analysis
A study of the analytic processes required to identify, document, define, and measure requirements and
limitations for any operating system. Class work will focus on identifying, describing, and measuring
existing manufacturing and service systems. Methods available for system improvement will be
investigated.

QA 6602 Total Quality
A study of the functions and responsibilities of the quality organization. TQM concepts, quality function
deployment, and the tools for continuous improvement are analyzed for sequence of use and application.
Emphasis is placed on design and performance aspects of a system wide quality assurance function.

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MSQA Degree Page

http://www.msqa.edu/degree.htm

QA 6610 Statistics for Quality Assurance
Descriptive statistics for discrete and continuous variables, probability distributions, confidence intervals
and hypothesis testing, elementary control charts for variables and attributes, the design of acceptance
sampling plans, analysis of variance, and regression and correlation analysis.

QA 6611 Advanced Statistical Applications
The application of advanced statistical methodologies to the analysis and solution of quality and
management problems, including probability theory, control charts, sampling, regression analysis, and
design of experiments. The focus is on statistical process control and related quality technologies. A
prior course in statistics, such as Math 260 or QA 6610 is required.
QA 6612 Advanced Experimental Design (available only on campus)
Analysis of statistical experimental design strategies, planning of experiments for the best strategy and
objectives. The use of existing computer applications packages will be stressed. QA 6611 is the
prerequisite for this course.
QA 6615 Applied Systems Reliability (available only on campus)
Analysis of appropriate probabilistic models for system reliability, including the exponential, Weibull,
normal, and lognormal distributions, life prediction techniques, reliability test program plans, failure
mode and effect analysis, Markov models, and maintainability concepts. QA 6612 is the prerequisite for
this course.
QA 6620 Inspection Systems Design
Understanding inspection systems, measurement principles, and limitations. Included are acceptance
sampling plans such as ANSI Z1.4, ANSI Z1.9, Dodge Romig, and stipulated risk, chain, sequential, and
continuous plans. QA 6610 is a prerequisite.

QA 6630 Technical Training Methods
Adult learning theory, the development and management of training programs, presentation techniques,
instructional aids, and assessment will be investigated.
QA 6640 Quality Cost and Supplier Evaluation
A detailed analysis of cost reductions involved in continuous improvement. Supplier evaluation,
including quality audits, is reviewed to establish capability. The concept of partnerships is explored. QA
6602 is a prerequisite for this course.
QA 6650 Quality Systems Design
The development of the quality organization, systems, and procedures necessary for effective
participation in world markets. Creating and documenting methods and procedures is stressed. QA 6602
is the prerequisite for this course.

"

W

QA 6712 Quality Systems Simulation (available only on campus)
The application of simulation to quality systems. Topics covered included fundamental simulation
modeling techniques, random sampling procedures and methods of estimating performance measures
from simulation outputs. Emphasis will be upon hands on simulation of various quality systems using
PC based simulation languages. QA 6611 is the prerequisite for this course.
QA 6722 Human Factors in Quality Assurance (available only on campus)
A comprehensive survey of human factors theory, research, and applications which are of particular
relevance to quality assurance. Emphasis will be placed on operator constraints in the design of work
processes, workplaces, and instrumentation. QA 6600 or QA 6602 are prerequisites for this course.
QA 6731 Measurement and Testing Techniques (available only on campus)
An in-depth discussion of equipment, principles, and techniques of measurement assurance. QA 6600 or
QA 6602 are prerequisites for this course.
QA 6735 Graduate Seminar (available only on campus)
The course is designed to cover various topics within the field of quality assurance which are not taught

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MSQA Degree Page

http://www.msqa.edu/degree.htm

in other courses. These topics might include acceptance sampling, risk analysis, SPC training methods,
and others. Students are expected to make formal presentations in teams. Prerequisites for this course are
QA 6602 and QA 6611 or consent of the instructor.
QA 6901-6904 Special Topics in Quality (variable credit 1-4 hours)
Students may arrange to study and perform independent research on a topic approved by a graduate
faculty member. An appropriate research paper will be required and the student may be required to make
an oral presentation to faculty, graduate students, and/or quality professionals.
QA 7504 Research In Quality (Available only for students completing MSQA On Line)
This course is designed to guide the student in a thorough and in-depth written examination of one or
more topics relevant to the application of quality assurance. Emphasis is placed upon students using both
traditional and electronic means to perform the research. Prerequisites for this course are QA 6602 and
QA 6611 or consent of the instructor. Special Note: This course must be taken on campus.
QA 7704 Project (8 hours required, available only on campus)
The goal of students enrolled in this course is to complete a project under the guidance of an assigned
professor. It is the culminating learning experience of the program and includes a significant written and
oral report. To meet the standards established by the faculty, the project must demonstrate a rigorous
scientific approach, use a clearly documented theoretical framework, and demonstrate application to the
quality profession. The project is expected to require two semesters (a minimum of 8 hours) to complete.
QA 6611 and QA 6650 must be taken prior to registering for QA 7704.
QA 7804 Thesis (8 hours required, available only on campus)
Students will perform a research project on some aspect of quality assurance. The student's faculty
advisor must approve the research. Students are to demonstrate their abilities in problem identification,
research, and written presentation in the thesis. This course must be taken in the last two semesters of the
student's program.

Technical Information for Internet Students
What You Will Need:
Computer:
You will need a computer and an Internet connection that provides access to the World Wide Web. Any
platform should work, providing it has sufficient RAM and an operating system that is capable of
running a graphical Web browser such as Netscape 2.0 or higher.
Minimum system requirements for PC’s are: 486 CPU, 8MB RAM, Windows 3.1.

Modem:
A 28.8 modem is strongly recommended. A 14.4 will work.
E-Mail:
You will also need an E-Mail application. Eudora Lite allows you to attach text files that you create in
your word processor, and it is available as freeware from Qualcomm.
Word Processing Software
All assignments submitted for grading in all courses must be created in Microsoft Word (Version 6.0 or
lower). These assignments will be electronically submitted by attaching them to an E-mail letter to the
professor.
Applications:
To apply please complete and sign the application and return it to:

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http://www.msqa.edu/degrce.htrr

MSQA Degree Page

Admissions Office
Southern Polytechnic State University
1100 South Marietta Parkway
Marietta, Georgia 30060-2896

Note: At the current time, the University System of Georgia requires that applications be signed by the
prospective student. Therefore, please print the application forms on your printer, fill in all the blanks,
and sign the forms in ink in all the appropriate spaces. You should then mail the completed application
to the above address.

Please remember to:
(1) Have your transcripts sent to the Admissions Office.
(2) Have your references submitted to the MSQA office.
(3) Abide by all dates published in the application packet.

After your application has been processed you will be advised of its status. You may call the MSQA
program for an update on your application between 9:00am and 4:00pm Eastern time.

<3 Home

y About the 1
1 University |

jysjn Meet the
™ Faculty |

. , Library |
A Typical ] |
Course i | ~,~~z Access 1

-

Admission 1
Requirements |

f"! Academic j
B Calendar !|

’

H Application
” Package

Forms 1

’ > Links

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"v Students

jjj). Seminars

How to
Register

1 ? FAQ 1

Copyright 1997,1999 by Southern Polytechnic State University. All Rights Reserved.

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COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF SLUMS COVERED UNDER CHATA PROGRAMME
Name of Inverviewer
I.
Slum
Sudama Nagar [T]

Rajendra Nagar [2]

Ragigudda [3]

Date : —
Victoria Layout [3]

a) Name of the respondent

II.

b)

Relationship of respondent to HOH

c)

No. of years residing in this slum

Own |

e) Rented

2. House No
House No

III.

[

yrs

d) Type of House a) Pucca|~~| b) Semi-pacca Q c) Kutcha Q

Others Q

( Govt) Street
( CHATA study)

Demograpic Data
SI. No.

Name

RHF Age Sex

Education

Occupation

Income Weekly/ Any Chronic
Monthly
Diseases

Remarks

Chronic disease
(1) High Blood Pressure (hypertension), (2) Diabetes, (3) Heart problem, (4) Disc problems, (5) Migraine (Recurrent Headaches), (6) Store (Cerebral Bleeding),

(7) Depression or Anxiety, (8) Sleep problems, (9) Hearing problems, (10) Vision problems, (11) Gastritis or Ulcer, (12) Stress (13) any other (specify)

IV.

HOUSE HOLD INCOME :
Who is the main Income Provider to the family
Relationship to HOH

Name

V.

|

|

a)

Occupation of main Income Provider

b)

On an average how many days of work you (main income provider) would get in a month ?

c)

Income per week Rs--------------------------------------------------- per month. Rs

d)

Are you part of any savings scheme Yes / No.

Daily Wages |

If yes Bank

Salaried [

P.O.

SHG

Others

Does any member of your family consume alcohol? If [yes], use the next schedule. If [no], conclude the interview.
Who drinks quote SI. No. |

From Q III:

[

|

|
Media
RF_NGO_25_SUDHA.pdf

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