INTEGRATED RURAL SANITATION AND WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
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- Title
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INTEGRATED RURAL SANITATION AND
WATER SUPPLY PROJECT - extracted text
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INTEGRATED RURAL SANITATION AND
WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
KARNATAKA
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31^
4
(TRAINING COMPONENT)
DOCUMENTATION OF THE MULTI-LEVEL TRAINING EXPERIENCES
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DR.C.ACHUTHAN
BANGALORE
(NOVEMBER 1991 -APRIL 1992)
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CONTENTS
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LIST OF CONTENTS
PAGE No.
1 .
INTRODUCTION
1-2
2.
TRAINING
3-5
3.
DISTRICT-LEVEL WORKSHOP
5-22
4.
TALUK-LEVEL WORKSHOP
25-38
5.
MANDAL-LEVEL TRAINING PROGRAMME
38-43
6.
VILLAGE-LEVEL TRAINING PROGRAMME
43-48
7.
EVALUATION OF THE DISTRICT-LEVEL WORKSHOP
49-52
8.
EVALUATION OF THE TALUK-LEVEL WORKSHOP
53-55
9.
A REVIEW IN RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT
56-69
10.
ANNEXURES
70-84
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INTEGRATED RURAL SANITATION AND WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
KARNATAKA
(TRAINING COMPONENT)
"DOCUMENTATION OF THE MULTI-LEVEL TRAINING EXPERIENCES”
DR. C. ACHUTHAN
BANGALORE
(NOVEMBER 1991-APRIL 1992)
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TERMS OF REFERENCE
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to observe and follow-up
fol 1ow-up all the training
programmes from district to village level;
to evaluate
the
results
programmes at each level;
of
the
training
to submit a detailed report on the training
programme
describing
and
assessing
the
effectiveness and suitability of the approach,
methodology, curriculum, duration and other
related aspects;
to prepare a detailed programme of training for
the district, taluk,
taiuk, mandal and village levels
based on the experience of training at these
levels and modifications to be agreed between
P.A.G and the consultants.
■ Illi HUB Illi
ACXMfl/L p DP, PM F rr
I am grateful to Dr. Shyamala Abeyratne, Chief Adviser,
Monitoring and Evaluation, DANIDA, Bangalore for providing an
opportunity to work as a Consultant. I also immensely thank her
for the continued support extended for study and documenting the
multi-level training experiences in Kolar District.
Thanks are also due to Mr. Christopher R.J. Lobb, Adviser,
Sanitation, DANIDA and Mr. K. Venkata Rao, Water Supply Engineer,
DANIDA, Bangalore for kind co-operation and timely advice
provided to me in this endeavour.
I am grateful to Mr. H.B. Subbegowda, Adviser, Health
Education and Training, DANIDA, Bangalore for the continued
support and encouragement in completing the documentation
successful 1y.
Grateful thanks are also due to the Deputy Secretary (Dev.),
Z.P, Kolar, other District level officers, all the officials and
the elected representatives of Bagepal1i, Devaragudipal 1i and
Billur of Kolar District.
1
My thanks are also due to the people of Devaragudipal 1 i and
Bi 11ur vi11 ages.
I am thankful to all the supporting staff of the Project
Advisory Group office for their unstinted co-operation.
< >
INTEGRATED RURAL SANITATION AND WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
IN KARNATAKA
-TRAINING COMPONENT-
"DOCUMENTATION OF THE MULTI-LEVEL TRAINING EXPERIENCES"
INTRODUCTION
1 .1
The long-term development objective of the project is
to improve the health and living standards of the
people in three selected taluks of Karnataka. This is
expected to be achieved by provision of water supply,
sanitary
latrines,
environmental
sanitation,
afforestation and data bank as hardware components and
health education, school health promotion, community
participation ,
inter
sectoral
co-ordination
and
training as software components.
1 .2
The unique^ feature of the project is a focus on the
software^components
viz., health education, trai ni ng
software
components viz.,
and development of supportive materials, It is no
longer seen as a programme of
<
only the Health
Department
(HD)
or
Public
Health
Engineering
Department (PHED)
alone,
but monitored
by
the
collective action of the concerned departments.
1 .3 /Experience of
implementation of these types of
projects in India and other developi ng countries
showed that mere providing services wi 11 not be
accepted by the community unless they are i nvolved.
Service and education should go hand in hand.
hand. To
undertake this task, it is imperative that the staff
concerned
should
developed
be
for
effective
i mpl emen tat iKon of Integrated Rural Sanitation and
Water Supply'Project.
Therefore the new thrust for training
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
Inter sectoral co-ordination
Parti ci patory approach,
Health education
Community participation including important
role of women and
Importance of involving non-governmental
organisations.
1
1 .5
Need for participatory training
^The training plan was/a shift of focus from the usual
ctassroom lectures of information providing to that of
djs.cussidh methodology. This provides opportunity for
developing
necessary
capabilities,
besides
understand!ng the project components, importance of
parti ci patory approach, i nter-sectoral co-ordi nation
and such other related aspects. /
1 .6>
It is an accepted fact that the personnel working
would do better if they are given a_ free hand to
> perform expected functions. Secondly, they are also
Il capable of providtrig^necessary knowledge and guidance
to thei_r next level staff if they understand the
-p-aftncipatory approach. Thirdly, unless one becomes
participative, no amount of effort will make them to
work.
1 .7
The^training strategy is evolved based on the findings
of the reports of training needs assessment.
1.7.1
absence of linkages between departments,
1.7.2
lack of skills for community organisation,
1.7.3
non-involvement of women in decision making
process,
1.7.4
absence of |proper
.
and suitable supportive
’ , and
communication materials,
1.7.5
lack of priority for the programme
performing the job functions.
in
1.8 ;4n order to achieve the project objectives,
the preparation and staff development is a pre
/ requisite./It is towards this object in view, the
1 training component focused on preparing the multilevel staff to develop necessary capabilities so as to
deliver project components, and tfo make the community
accept the programme. The packagejlaid more ,stregs_on
participatory approach so as to achieve effective
communi ty part i c i pat icTn^/
1.9XBased on the above,/ the four multi-level multi
di sci pl inary/traini ng programme"?or Kolar District
were conducted at Bangalore (Nov. 1991), Bagepalli
(Dec.1991), MandaJ level (Jan., 1992) and Village
level (Feb.1992). Funds were released for documenting
the
multi-level
training
experiences xin
Kolar
District.
2
TRAINING
2.1
In order to achieve the project objectives as
J envisaged, the preparation and development of the
4
staff to undertake the responsibility is necessary
Z^uitable training component had to be evolved ' for
different personnel of the involved departments at
various level^y/The training focused orj/preparing the
different
level
staff
to
develop
lex/el
necessary
capabilities to ^deliver the project components to the
user community.
2.2
The district-level workshop was organised in November
1991 at Bangalore for district-level officers of
Kolar, Chitradurga and Bijapur districts. The taluk
level workshop was organised at Bagepal1i, the mandal
level training at Devaragudipal 1i and village level
training at Billur from December 1991 to February
1992. Non-governmental organi sati on representati ves
also participated in the above training programme.
Sequential training programme is set out in Table-1.
-XTABLE-1
SEQUENTIAL TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Parti culars
Strategy
Di strict
1 evel
Workshop
Tai uk
1 evel
Mandal
1 evel
Workshop
Training
__ 3
Methodology Parti cipatory Participatory
Period
Need for
trai n i ng
2 days
Exposure to
the project
Vi 1lage
1 evel
Training-cum- j
field exposure
--------------- I
ParticipaParti ci patory
tory cum
cum
d i scussj on
discussion
2 days
one day
one day
Exposure
to the
project
Exposure
to the
project
Exposure
to the
project
- Trai ners to
the next
1 eve 1
- Trainers - Trainers f Trainer cum
to the
to the
educator
next level next level
to the
communi ty
Management
Staff
- Monitoring - ImplementaDevel opmen t
tion
3
G
O
G
O
O
G
O
G
O
G
O
O
G
G
G
G
O
G
2.3
Perusing the above table a clear cut continued
training programme from district to village level is
forthcoming. The district-level training emphasised on
management,taiuk level for staff development, mandallevel for monitoring and finally village level for
i mplementati on.
2.4
Objectives of the sequential training programme
District-level
2.4.1
To ORIENT the participants on
project objectives,
components
unique features,
To SENSITISE the participants to the
Concept
and
importance
of
Inter
sectoral co-ordination for project
i mplementati on,
To APPRAISE the need for Community
Participation and the important role of
women in project implementation,
o
Q
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
@
the
and
To
UNDERSTAND
the
parti cipatory role,
importance
of
To FORMULATE the taluk-level training
package
(Planning,
Organising
and
Conducting of),
To SUGGEST suitable training materials
and
methodologies
for
Taluk-level
training.
2.4.2
Taluk level
To appraise the
objectives and
project,
participants of
components of
the
the
To develop a training package for the
Mandal level staff,
in
To focus
the
role of
women
particular and the community in general
for the project,
To identify and specify the roles and
responsibilities
of
the
different
related departments,
inputs
To briefly state addi ti onal
under the project and the benefits
thereof.
4
2.4.3
Mandal level
To appraise the project objectives and
the components to the participants,
To
orient
the
vi11 age
1 evel
functionaries
to
understand
the
i mportance
of
the
roles
and
responsi bi 1i ti ep
of
the
t
related
departments,
y To understand the importance of the
community participation and the role of
women.
2.4.4
Village level
To appraise the participants about the
objectives
and
components
of
the
project,
To identify the involved departments’
roles and responsibilities,
besides
peoples’
or
beneficiaries
responsi bi 1i ties,
To develop an educational action plan
for project implementation,
To expose the participants to organise
a meeting with the community to m^ke
them aware of the project inputs./
3.
DISTRICT LEVEL WORKSHOP
3.1
To start with, the district level workshop was
initiated for the di str i ct of f i cers (Kolar, Chitradurga
& Bijapur) of the stated departments. The objectives
are defined
at para 2.4.1
and are
reiterated
below. The identified participants are listed at
Annexure-3.
3.2
OBJECTIVES
- To ORIENT the participants on the project
objectives, components and unique features.
II
- To SENSITISE the participants to the concept and
importance and inter—sectoral co-ordination (ISC) for
project implementation.
5
- To APPRAISE the need for community participation
and the important role of women in project
implementation.
- To UNDERSTAND the importance of participatory role
- To FORMULATE the taluk level training package
(Pl anmn^r* organising and conducting of J
- To SUGGEST suitable training materials and
methodologies for taluk level training
3.3
Planning for District-level Training
In consonance with the project objectives and project
components the following planning processes were
i nvolved.
3.3.1
study of the project manual,
3.3.2
perusal of the
(TNA) reports,
3.3.3
discussion with the Project Advisory Group
(PAG),
3.3.4
interpersonal
discussions
with
professionals and training institutes,
'3-3-5
V
needs
assessment
the
discussions with the involved departmental
heads,
^5
3.3.6
appraisal of and discussions
district level officers.
with
the
3.3.7
meetings and discussions
level functionaries,
the
tai uk
3.3.8
reaction with the grassroots level workers
of the co-ordinating departments,
3.3.9
meeting and appraisal of NGOs,
3.3.10
discussion with Z.P. Officers,
3.3.11
discussion with Mandal Panchayat members,
since they have the monitoring functions,
3.3.12
i nteraction
community.
>■
¥
training
with
the
with
vi11 age
1 evel
6
3.4
Methodology
3.4.1
The training focused on workshop
methodology^^
Emphasis
was
laid
on
participatory approach where the trainer’s
jog wi 1 rzhrzivery mi nimaT? wHereaS^the
■ part i ci pants are to be i nvoTved^- more, I?
| [means tKaf ac i Ti t a t o r s will initially
qplan for the workshop and the participants
t [will take on the responsibi 1ity and conduct
the workshop.
3.4.2
Parti cipatory approach has been incorporated
at all
levels of training,
with. ..due
1/ importance to women’s involvement. WhileT
doing so, adequate caution was exercised to
maintain the level-wise linkages.
G
P^yvT7^''
3.5
PARTICIPANTS
In all 46 participants were invited. Actually 38 (83%)
attended the workshop. /The"
he TTsf;
TTst of participants is
available at Append!
3.6
PROGRAMME FOR THE DISTRICT LEVEL
TWO DAY WORKSHOP AT BANGALORE
FIRST DAY
09.00
10.00
11.00
11.30
10.00
11.00
11.30
12.45
hrs
hrs
hrs
hrs
Registration; Pre-workshop evaluation
Inaugurati on
Coffee
SESSION-I (Plenary)
i.
Overview of the project by guest speaker
a.
b.
c.
d.
ii .
Organ i sati onal aspects,
Water supply,
Sani tati on,
Afforestati on
Training Objective
To orient participants on the objectives
and components of the project.
i/i i . Expectation
Understanding the projects components
and acquire knowledge on the additional
inputs to the benefici aries.
7
12.45
14.00 hrs
SESSION-II (Plenary)
i.
Health Education (HE) by subject
specialist
a. I.S.C
b. H.E for water supply and sanitation
c. Community participation (with
parti cipatory technique) and role of
women in project implementation.
ii .
Training objectives
Focusin on the importance of
a. ealth Education,
b. Community participation, with
emphasis on participatory approach,
c. role
I
of women,
d. Tsc.
i i i. Expectation
assisting the participants in their
acquirjng_ knowledge
on
sectoral
d fal bgues for inte^greeted approach ; and
to be aware ofTfie additional inputs by
way'
of
educational
approaches,
involving community in general~ and
women’s role in particular.
14.00
15.00
15.00 hrs
15.15 hrs
Lunch Break
Group formation by the participants
themselves
under
the
guidance
of
Resource persons
/ Expectation: Formation of 3 groups
15.15
16.30 hrs
SESSION III (Group work)
Designated
Resource
Persons
position one for each group
to
Group work on
Identification and
methodology of co-o rdTnation between
related departments
Objective - to work out areas and
methods
of
co-ordination,
between
Government departments and i nvolvi ng
NGOs
Expectation
to list out departments
that can provide co-ordination
8
'>
- to identify areas of co-ordination
machineries and mechanisms thereof.
- to define methods of co-ordination how ±o ^rrieve~co^ord 1 natjon effect!vely
16.30
16.45
16.45 hrs
17.30 hrs
Coffee
SESSION IV (Plenary session
chaired by one of the invitee)
to
be
Session on the presentation of
group work done in Session III
the
Group leaders of the respective groups to hi ghli ght;
-
Objecti ve
to share decisions arrived
at by different groups;
Expectation - Li siting
recommendations
out
of
common
SECOND DAY
09.00
09.45 hrs
SESSION V
i .
ii .
Film sh
s
Cleanliness is happiness
Water & sanitation
Resource person
SEARS, Bangalore
/Objecti ve
knowl^dgB
By Chief of Media,
acqui ring
of
additional
Expectation - additional help to focus
I health educational efforts,
to supplement taluk level training
package.
09.45
1 1 .00 hrs
SESSION VI (Group work)
Group
work
on
"methodology of
community participation" with emphasis
on participatory approach besides the
role of women.
Resource person - Identified Resource
persons positioned, one for each group
I
Objectives - to focus on the importance
and
vital
role
of
community
participation,
wi th
with
emphasis
on
parti cipatory approach and role of
women.
9
\
\
I)
S I ' .2' ' ^
V-A
Exfiectakion - defining the_exi sting
a.
any, how,
levels of participation,
vmat, when and where exactly
<
the
community can be involved,
who will do it,
what steps_to..be....taken ,_to JnYo.l.ye women
also,
what typ.e_Q.f .p.articipatory approach^s
effective,
levels of participation to be defined.
11.00
11.15
11.15 hrs
13.15 hrs
A7'a
Coffee break
SESSION VII (Group work)
Group work - on "Development
training package for Taluk
functionaries".
of a
1 evel
Resource person - The already identified
person to head the group assigned;
Objectives - to formulate an outline for
planning, organising and conducting the
taluk level training;
1.
4
to adopt the participatory approach in
formulating/ the above taluk level
trai ni ng;
Expectation - Tq identify the training
core group for undertaking this;
to identify and list out the taluk level
officials to be trained;
\,v'
t o deivejLgp_a t r&in
of^ objectives,
duration ] venuej
curriculum contents and any other
re^evant detai 1s;
facilities required for conducting the
taluk level training;
13.15
14.00
14.00 hrs
14.45 hrs
Lunch
SESSION VIII (Plenary)
Chai r person - Identified from among the
heads of the related departments.
Subject - Presentation of the group
reports work done in Session VI by the
respective group leaders (community
participation).
10
Objective - To examine & share the
group decision arrived at by different
groups
Expectation - Each group
with its specific report^
come out
Listing out the common points .thejx
recommendation.
14.45
SESSION IX (Plenary)
15.30 hrs
Chair person - To be identified from
among the related departments’ head.
a
Subject - Presentation by the group
leaders of the work done in Session VII
(development of a training package for
the taluk level)
Objecti ve
decisions
groups.
- To examine and share the
arrived at the di fferent
Expectation_
__________
T° _ arrive at a unifqrm
training package for taluk level.
15.30
15.45 hrs
Participants to fill
up the
wprkshop eva]uation proforma.
15.45
16.15 hrs
Group leaders to prepare
reports assisted by the
resource persons.
16.15
16.30 hrs
Coffee
16.30
17.30 hrs
Concluding session - Chaired by a senior
officer of the Government (Secretary,
RD & PR)
Presentati on
recommendati on
post
the final
respecti ve
re po rts
an d
a.
Development
of
taluk
training package (Group A)
- By Sri. Nagaraj
1 evel
b.
Inter-sectoral co-ordinations
(Group B)- Sri C.N. Nagaraj
c.
Community participation (Group C)
- By Sri. Kulkarni
of
11
n
Impressions about the workshop by
a.
Kolar
;
from
i
participant
One
Chitradurga; Bijapur; NGOi from
Chi tradurga
b.
One Resource person
Mrs. Susheela
c.
One Observer
Dr. Krishnamurthy
d.
One Consultant
Dr. C. Achuthan
e.
Advisers
One
of
the
»
.
Christopher R.J. Lobb
Mr.
Address by the chair person
Overview of the deli derations and
hi ghli ghts
He pointed out that integration
policy, peoplejsgroups and programmes
are needed. Further, he stressed that
linking of activities for the time
bound targets are very essential.
A
"
3.7
CONDUCTING THE WORKSHOP
3.7.1
9
The participants after registrati on, were
requested to fill
up the pre-workshop
proforma, to know their initial awareness.
1 I
0
J
3.7.2
INAUGURATION
The
Honourable
Minister
for
Rural
Development
and
Panchayat
Raj
in his
inaugural address made a pointed reference
to the fact that there has been considerable
awareness of community water needs but
disposal of excreta and waste water, remains
neglected.
Because
of
its
paramount
importance, providing of safe and potable
water is the highest priority in the ,rural
areas. The focus, therefore, has to be on
fTuT^relationship between water, sanitation
and health.
c°
Cz
He further cautioned that the beneficiaries
are the losers and sufferers, if the DANIDA
assistance is not promptly and effectively
made
use
of.
This
project
provides
opportunity for the wter.^idaparljnen^
ofdination for the benefit of the people.
CommuniEy^invo 1 vement is
rtrera 1
| to the" project’s success.
12
n
The workshop has rightly thought of, not
only, seeking solutions but also in working
out an action plan^for better co-ordination
arrd^pebp 1 e’s involvement.
3.7.3
KEY NOTE ADDRESS
The key note address was delivered by the
Development
Commissioner,
Govt.
of
Karnataka. The project named as NYRMALYA
envisages improving the health and general
living conditions in the three experimental
taluks on a phased basis.
The key components of the project are
1atri nes,
potable
water,
water,
sanitary
social
forestry,
environmental sanitation,
health education and sequential training.
This time bound project aims at improving
al 1 the
the water supply position in all
villages
....
covered
___ _
by But,
the project. But, this
to be sustained by the health education
components and continuing education.y
Sanitation is difficult to implement. This
challenging task is also envisaged in this
project.
The
workshop
will
lay
the
foundation for staff preparation to achieve
the tasks fruitfully, by a community based
action plan.
3.7.4
-
■
‘
/■
.r
i
1
Over view of the project - This session was
intended to orient the participants on the
objectives and components of the project. It
has facilitated
faci1i tated in their understanding
clear 1 y'the yarfous
various’a“spec'ts of the project/
Bur i ng thi s important session , irif ofmatToh
was proyjMd^d on water supply, sanitation and
afforestation.
1
/X.
f /
Plenary Session
XJ ■A
Experienced guest speakers were invited to
speak on ----- \
a. "Organisational aspects" by Dr. Shyamala
Abeyratne, Chief Adviser, Danida, Bangalore
b. "Water Supply" by Mr. K.
Adviser, Danida, Bangalore;
Venkata Rao,
c. "Sanitation" by Mr. Christopher
Lobb, Adviser, Danida, Bangalore;
R. J .
13
n
d. "Afforestation" by Dr. G.N. Yel1appa
Social
Forests,
of
Reddy,
Conservator
Forestry, Bangalore.
Mr.
B.N.
Nagarajan,
Nagarajan,
Engineer-in-Chief,
G.O.K, Bangalore chaired the session.
Plenary Session
3.7.5
2
" Health Education"
This is another important session covering
the educational component of the project.
zZ^The
objective
was
to
facilitate
the
participants to understand the importance of
health education and community participation
and also to know the concept of inter
sectoral co-ordination, the crucial role of
woman’s sustained efforts in the project’s
implementation
and
the
different
department’s
responsibilities
in
the
integrated approach.
Learned guest speakers were
address the participants on
i nvi ted
to
a. " Inter-sectoral co-ordination" by Prof.
Institute
of
Indian
Shanmugam,
A. V.
Management, Bangalore;
b. "Health Education for Water Supply &
Sani tation" by Dr. K.R. Shastry, formerly
Chief of Research, Gandhigram, Tamilnadu;
c. "Community Parti ci pati on, Parti ci patory
Techniques and Role of Women in Project
Implementation" by Mr. R. Mohan Raj, SARRA,
Bangalore.
Ramakrishna,
Regional
Director,
Dr.
V.
BaPrgarturfe,
the
doyen
of
Health
SEARB,
Education, chaired the session and moderated
the
discussions.
He pointed
out that
I "Participation" is a miracle word and is not
/ easy to comprehend since it is a combination
! of science and art, involving people and
; their emotions. Hence, we have to identify
I < and build on our strengths and weaknesses.
!i
It is worth record!ng that not; all are
participatory in any vi11 age.
Community
participation is
i s meant not only' for the
beneficiaries but for all.
14
r >
3.7.6
9
0-
eV2
/
Q^
j
GROUP FORMATION
In this district level workshop, group
formation was done by applying participatory
methodology,
wherein
the
participants
themselves formed the groups. One of the
resource persons took thfs'rgsponsibi 1ity of
forming
the
groups.
He requested
requested
the
participants (a)
(a) either
either to
to have
have
the
district-wise groups as such or (b) mixing
up of the participants from the 3 districts.
But, while doing so, there should not be a
duplication
of
the
same
professional
'representatives, for e.g, all the three
district health officers should not be in
the same group. The participants however,
took a decision that all the participants of
one district to be in one group only,
keeping in view that such an arrangement
will help to FORMULATE, ORGANISE and CONDUCT
the next level “training programmes. Each
group was “assTgrie'd with"~a—RESOURCE^person
and an OBSERVER. Accordingly three district
wise groups were formed. The details of the
groups constituted
(A,
B and
C)
are
furnished below:
KT
■W' •7 a . f'
A
To make the workshop more participatory the
participants
themselves
took the
the entire
,
> ^themse
1 ves took
responsibility of according welcome for all
occasions, introduction of chair persons for
the plenary sessions, vote of thanks etc.
Almost all the departmental persons were
involved in this workshop either as resource
persons,
chair
persons,
observers
or
speakers.
\
u I
vx
1
5
c^...
>'
... f
J
15
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN GROUP-A
Chair person:
Smt. T. Mukthamba, Deputy Secretary (Dev.)
Zilla Parishad, Kolar
Members
1 .
Sri. P. Chandrappa, Assistant Executive Engineer,
DANIDA Sub-division, Bagepal1i
2.
Sri M. Sadashiva, Deputy Health Education Officer,
Koi ar
3.
Dr. H.V. Sampath Kumar,
District Health & Family Welfare Officer, Kolar
4.
Dr. B.T. Rangaraj,
Chi kkabal1apur
5.
Sri. N.G. Dandin, District Health Education Officer,
Kolar
6.
Sri. B.K. Krishnaswamy, District Adult Education Officer,
Kolar
7.
Smt. K. A. Ponnamma, Assistant Director
Women & Child Development, Kolar
8.
Sri. K.N. Narayanappa Naik
District Social Welfare Officer, Kolar
9.
Ms. B.R. Mamatha, District Information & Publicity Officer
Koi ar
10.
Sri. G. Kaiai ah, I/c Principal Agricultural Officer
Kolar
11 .
Sri. S. Nagaraj, I.F.S, Deputy Conservator of Forest
Social Forestry, Kolar
12.
Sri. M.Y. Khazi, Deputy Director of Public Instruction
Kolar
Assistant
Di strict
Health
Of fi cer,
Resource Person
Dr. K. B. Makapur, Joint Director, HE & SH, Bangalore
Observer
Sri. Poul Hougaard, Adviser, DANIDA, Madras
16
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN GROUP-B
Chair person
Mr. D.B. Prasad, I.A.S, Chief Secretary
Zilla Parishad, Chitradurga
Members
1 .
Sri. A.I. Naik, Block Development Officer, Jagalur
2.
Dr. S.R. Bilagi, District Health Officer
Chi tradurga
3.
Sri C.N. Nagaiah, Deputy Secretary (Dev.)
Zilla Parishad, Chitradurga
4.
Sri. R.B. Solomon, Action Aid, Karnataka Projects
Jagalur
5.
Dr. M. Eshwarappa, Assistant District Health &
Family Welfare Officer, Davanagere Sub-division,Davanagere
6.
Assistant Executive Engineer
DANIDA Sub-division,, Jagalur
7.
Sri . S.S. Matapathi, Secretary, TRDF, Sirigere
8.
Sri . S.B. Kalyan, Deputy Health Education Officer,
Kaiyan
9.
Sri. C. Siddappa, Deputy Health Education Officer,
Davanagere
10.
Sri. C.N. Raghunath, DDPI, Chitradurga
11 .
Sri. N.A. 'Vittal,
’
Principal Agricultural Officer
Chi tradurga
12.
Sri . M.S. Chandrashekarai ah, Executive Engineer,
ZPE Division, Davanagere
13.
Sri. M.R. FRathod,
‘
'
District
Assistant Director
Women & Child Development, Davanagere
14.
Sri. K.L. Poojar, District Adult Education Officer,
Ch i tradurga
Resource Person
Smt. Rohini Reddy, SARRA, Bangalore
Observer
Mr. Duarte Barreto
17
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN GROUP-C
Chair person
Dr. S.B. Hendi, District Health & Family Welfare Officer
Bijapur
Members
1 .
Sri. R.N. Nandini, Principal Agricultural Officer, Bijapur
2.
Sri D.B. Kanchi, Assistant Executive Engineer
DANIDA Sub-division, Hungund
3.
Sri. H.D. Patil, I/c APO (DWCRA), Zilla Parishad, Bijapur
4.
Sri B.V. Kanti, Assistant Director
Women & Child Development, Bijapur
5.
Sri. S.T. Guddi, District Social Welfare Officer
Bijapur
6.
Sri D.R. Naik, Range Forest Officer, SF, Hungund
7.
Sri. Gurumurthaiah, Educational Officer, Bijapur
8.
Sri. M.B. Kolhar, District Health Education Officer, Bijapur
9.
Smt. L.N. Shyamala Devi, Sociologist
BKH, Bangalore
10.
Sri . J.H. Van Griethuysen, Team Leader
BKH Netherlands assisted Project
11 .
Sri. Anand Inbanathan, Sociologist associated with BKH
12.
Dr. A.R. Kora, ADH & FWO, Bagalkot
13.
Sri. G.K. Kulkarni, Deputy Health Education Officer
Bagalkot
14.
Sri S.N. Godi, Executive Engineer, ZPE Division, Bagalkot
Resource Person
Smt. H.S. Susheela, Joint Director, Health Services
Bangalore
Observer
Dr. C.R. Krishnamurthy , Additional Director (FW & MCH)
18
6*':
w
3.7.7
GROUP DISCUSSIONS
SESSION - Ill:
III: All the three groups were
given the subject of "Identification and
methodology
co-ordination
between
of
departments". The groups discussed the above
subject, individually and the summary there
of is as follows:
Health, Women and
The Departments of PHE, Health,
Child Development, Social Welfare, Social
Forestry,
Education,
Agriculture,
Horticulture, K.E.B, have been identified as
essential departments for co-ordination for
the Integrated Rural Sanitation & Water
Supply Project. They have also identified
that the avai 1 abJe^N
also be
involved for achieving better co-ordination.
J
e.g: School Health Programme; Immunisation
programme ICDS. Appl ied Nutrition programme;
Family Welfare Programme; etc
T\ r
\^
-A/ \ I
(J"
'A
X
The groups then listed various machineries
and mechanisms already existing between
departments.
while doing their routine job functions they
have an excellent opportunity to introduce
the project inputs: Anganwadi workers; School
Health Education by the Primary teachers,
Social forestry, Animators of Adult Educatton
Department and Agniculture.jfunqtionaries
can focus on village sanitation. ‘KfTffi 1 ar
'methodology can be adopted in group meetings
and while visiting the N.G organisations.
SESSION-IV The same afternoon, reports were
presented by the groups. Sri P.S. Vastrad,
Joint Director, ICDS chaired the session.
His rich experience in ICDS programme a good
example of
inter-sectoral
co-ordination
between the Health, Education and Women and
Child Welfare Departments, was available to
the participants. He stressed the importance
of fortnightly, or at least monthly meetings
of the
stated deparWsntKr trTgVr“Tznr^to
village levels, besides personal contacts is
important for the success of this project.
SESSION - V: Two film spots were presented
by Mr. K. Balasubramanyam, Chief of Media,
SEARS, Bangalore
19
SESSION - VI: I2£-LSS for discussion "Methodology of Community participation in
the implementation of the project with
emphasis on participatory approach and role
of women".
3.7.8
1o^ rJ
ro^
The groups after detailed discussions have
identified that community participation is
the only means for effective impj_em.enta.t.ion
of the project^ The parti ci pati on of women
in water supply and sanitation appears to be
vital and very important since they are
responsible a) for storage and to provide
household water supply, b) to keep the
environment clean and tidy, both inside and
outside. With this in view the groups
unhesitatingly decided that women should be
involved in the decision making process of
water supply and sanitation schemes.
I>z
Cz
pl'
/
/
/
Qc>
The'
existing
level
of
community
participation : At present participation
of the community regarding sanitation is not
there^As regards water supply there is some
participation in (a) identi£yin.g bore well
sites & (b) identifywcf sytes for dhobi
.ghats.
A
V
'Tl/
¥
’
The groups, based on their experience listed
the
various
levels
of
c.ommunit-y
parti ci pairronT such as a) by individual
contacts, b) during group discussions and c)
af^common meeting places like the water
points, fields etc.
b
r<
’T1
> -
>) Q IK
n
ft
s
I I It;
yI
lOO
have Ualso
discussed that
The
groups IIQVC
’community
participation
is
there
developmental
programmes
such
the
1n
as
, agriculture, -immunisation and F.P. camps,
adult education,, etc
etc.. for their successful
“implementation. The ~groups after detailed
discuss 1OTTS”'5' i dent i f i edJ th i_s as e x ce 11 e n t_
entry points for integrating ’"’education
water
supply
and
pertaining
to
the
sanitation with the* above developmental
acti vTEies™. ”
It was further decided by the groups that if
cornmunjty is to be involved in its proper
perspective, it would be desirable to
involve them from the pl ann inj_stage iXseX'b ■
This has another great advantage that the
community 1) f e 11 needs are being cons i de red
democratically
and
(2)
the
resultant
'physchol og i cal Satisfart7fonr< thereof; The
caJ
)
V
'— j
parti cipatory component is thus discernible
in the group’s discussions.
It is seldom appreciated that community also
includes a) women and b) school going
population. Therefore, the groups have
recommended that this segment of the
community’s efforts should also be utilised
through exi sti ng Ijtdies ’ organi sa.td.Qns and
school healtheducation respectively.
^V/ho will do it?” The groups indicated that
’ tTie^^aiTFfunctionaries of the
development departments have to take this
responsibility of providing for the project
i mplementati on.
/ (a
"What type of parti cipatory approach are
effective?" It was felt by the groups that
the best form of eliciting community
participation is by ere a t i h g aware nes-s- t o
showthat there is a definite relationship
between Health, water, sanitation & disease.
Therefore the educational efforts should be
directed towards sensitising the community
through
ma s s___aw a r e n e s s ,
o r i e n t at i orr •
^zCampaigns, group and educational techniques.
^or doing this, the element of education
should not be an isolated entity. On the
H other hand it shpuld be integrated in their
routine job functions of the identified
departments^,/
V
SESSION - VII Topic for discussion
^Development of training packag for taluk
level training"
v
3.7.9
The objectives of this important practical
session were to (a) formulate an outline for
planning, organising and copducting trainin'^/
at
taluk-level
and ^z(bJ
to
apply
parti cipatory approach in formulating the
taluk-level training programme/
t'
VV
, •
\
All the three groups were given the same
subject. The participants in each group are
expected to pool their experiences and
develop a twining
tj^^ning, package for the taluk
! level,
clearly
defining
the
training
objectlyes, duration,
duration, venue,
yen^^, physical
| facilities needed, and identifying the taluk
-level officials and non-offici als who need
training.,
* vT
»
M
21
Finally the groups should identify a small
core group for each taluk who could be
vested with the above responsibilities
besides development of relevant background
materials in Kannada for advance mailing to
the identified parti ci pants.
3.7.10
SESSION - VIII Topic: “Presentation of group
reports done in session VI"
In session VI the groups considered the
methodqR)ofaommunity participation in
"fTTe i mpllementat i on of the project wi th
emphasis on parti cipatory approach and role
of women.
The overall recommendations done by the
groups were discussed earlier, However, the
remarks offered by the chair person, Sri
Keshavaraj, Director of Social Welfare is
worth mentioning. Being the head of the
Department of social welfare, he expressed
happiness for having been involved in this
workshop in general and the topic of ISC in
particular since it is very well suited to
his department.
The presentations by all the three groups,
the chair person expressed, indicate that
the welfare of the community lies in the
hands
of
the
various
development
departments, as listed out by the groups. No
doubt that all of us are working for the
total welfare of the community, in which
water supply and sanitation is an important
facet/" Emphasis was laid on ISC to achieve
this/ total development of the community.
Since women constitute an important segment
of the community, the groups have taken due
recognition of women and ''school
going
children of the community/'
*•»■»««■***•iiri'
—inrnr—mwriMDiirn—w
—
Concluding the session he appealed to he
participants
that
water
supply
and
sanitation is an important necessity for the
village people and much more so for the
integrated approach of this project.
*
3.7.11
SESSION-IX Topic - Presentation of the
group’s reports on “Training package for the
taluka level training". The three groups
presented their respective training package
details, summaries of which have already
been discussed elsewhere. Sri. E.D. Appanna,
Superintending
Engineer,
Training
&
Monitoring, expressed that the training
22
package for the taluk level functionaries,
developed by the group is a primary step for
integration, since this has been developed
by. several district officers of different
^departments
in
terms
of
objectives,
durati on, venue, curriculum and such other
detailSz< Since he is in charge of training
and monitoring, he would be eagerly looking
x#ofward for the outcome of such a package at
the taluka level. The impact of such a
training should reach-1he ped'pTe’thrcraigtT'ttie
various
level
f unctionaries___duri ng the
deTTvery of their routine services.
In
cb-nrlxrsTon, he assured the department’s
assistance to provide facilities for further
trai ni ng.
r
3.7/12
/()
CONCLUDING SESSION.Sri Dhirendra Singh, IAS,
Secretary, Rural Development & Panchayat
Raj, chaired the session and conducted the
deliberations as per the programme appended.
Group-A: Development of the taluk level
training package. The report was presented
by Sri Nagaraj, IPS, Deputy Conservator of
Forest
(Social
Forestry)
Kolar.
He
highlighted "why this package is necessary
as fol 1ows":
for
accountability,
supervision
and
—rrTcrn T t o r i n g ~
for involvement of beneficiaries
for spot demonstrati on : That is as we go
down to the grass root level, we are closer
to" a c t i o n p o i n t “
Group-B:
I.S.C:
This
report was
also
presented
by
Sri.
Nagaraj,
Nagaraj,
IFS.
He
summarised by answering "Why co-ordination".
to economise efforts
to achieve the objectives and
to evolve a mechanism for ISC at the taluk
level training
to concretise village-wise action plan
at what stage each^ department comes into
picture and’ to pin point the department
(L
. 4/
73
f
u r
'xn &
He said that help is needed by the nodal
departments to go into more specifics of
..action plan.
' GROUP-C: Community participation: The brief
report was presented by Sri.G.K. Kulkarni,
Deputy Health Education Officer, Bagalkot.
He stressed that PHED and BDO should take
the lead for the parti ci patory rural
campai gn
active
awareness
campaign
with -J the
involvement of Health Department, Education
"^Department, Social Forestry and Women and
Child Development Departments^
IMPRESSIONS ABOUT THE WORKSHOP
By one Resource person: Mrs. Susheela, Joint Di rector,
Communication & Media, pointed out that ISC i s clearly pin
pointed and demonstrated in this workshop.
By one observer: Dr. Krishna Murthy, Additional Director,
FW & MCH oBserved that the workshop arrangements and
deliberations were satisfactory and the parti cipatory approach
was clearly visible.
By one consultant: Dr. C. Achuthan, observed that the
workshop,'S~groLip work was better organised on the second day by
the participants. Further he stated that 38 participants out of
46 invited attended and 36 out of 38, responded to the
questionnaires, suggestive of a good response. This pre-workshop
evaluation further showed more than 50% have clearly identified
the project objectives. They perceived woman’s role in the
project as ’essential’ and I.S.C as 'necessary’.
One of the Advisers: Mr. Christopher R.J. Lobb,
Lobb, DANIDA
Adviser, 1 ucidTy~pointed out that the challenge of water supply
project is really people’s, because it is their project, and the
success is up to them to achieve it. He therefore stressed that
the people as beneficiaries are important in the project’s
implementati on.
Chair person’s remarks: He expressed his happiness for
having chaTred a well organised and successful workshop on the
Integrated Rural Sanitation & Water Supply Project and was
eagerly looking forward for positive results, because all these
development departments come under his ministry. He clearly
emphasised that
J
a.
commitment for planned development;
b.
concern for poor; and
24
pos11ive interactions by the state and sub-divisional
offices
are very important for the project’s success.
He then went on to point out tha
i .
policy
ii .
people’s group
integration of
iii . programmes and
i v . •’
4.
<effe
~ - ctive
' '
linking
of the activities for the time bound
targets.
' , are essential for the Integrated Rural
Sanitation and Water Supply Project.
TALUK LEVEL WORKSHOP (27/28.12.1991)
The next sequential training was the
workshop at BagepaTrf~fKe4-a^-44strict).
4.1
2-day
taluk
level
OBJECTIVES
The objectives have been set out at para 2.4.2 page 4 and
are reiterated here as follows:
^4'^
to appraise the participants__Q£. the--objectives
^nd Pornpbnehts "of “the project,
51
to develop a
level staff,
training
package
for
the mandal
to focus the role of women in particular and the
community in general for the project
■
to
identify . jand.. -SP,e.G.ify
the J
roles
and
responsi bi 1 i ties
of
the
different
related
departments, and
to briefly state
benefits there of
additional
i nputs
and
the
The Kolar district officers who participated at Bangalore,
took on the responsibility of planning, organising and conducting
of the next level workshop.
25
4.2
PLANNING
They met three times in all. The Deputy Secretary
(Development) Z7F,"KoTar was-in overall charge. The facilitators
from Bangalore attended two of the meetings. Taluk level workshop
details were finalised.
a.
b. -
c
d.
e.
f.
They.uj-ivided^resppn^-ibi 1 ities among themseIves,
After detailed discussions, workshop objectives,
were clearly defined and identified the core
-group,
Background papers were prepared for advance
' maTTThg'C‘ahbexure 2),
Finalised the two-day work programme
Fixed up the venue (Bagepalli, on 27th and 28th
'“Decembe r 1 991)
Identified the various participants (see annexure
.. ■ -hi.'-.-.-
9h.
4.3
Identified
the
speakers,
resource
persons
chairpersons etc.
The local district minister and the NGO’s were
i nvolved,
to
lay
emphasis
on
communi ty
parti ci pati on.
METHODOLOGY
Here also the training focused on workshop methodology
1 aying emphasis on parti cipatory approach. The facilitators help
was extended whenever requested.
4.4
PARTICIPANTS
In all, 28 participants were invited. Twenty six
attended the taluk level workshop (92%)_A..Jt was i ndeed a good
pSrttd pat ion. The details of partTcipants are furnished in
Appendix-4.
4.5
PROGRAMME FOR THE TALUK LEVEL WORKSHOP, BAGEPALLI
PROGRAMME:
27.12.1991
FRIDAY
09.00
10.00
10.00
11.00
Registration & pre-workshop evaluation
Inauguration - by the Hon’ble Minister for
Sericulture,
Kolar
(district Minister);
President
Zilla Parishad, Chairperson,
Special invitees; Vice president of Zilla
Parishad; and Special Committee chairpersons
(2) & Zilla Parishad Members(2)
11.00
11.30
TEA
11.30
12.30
Project Appraisal of the objectives and
components by Smt. T. Mukthamba, Deputy
Secretary (Dev.) Zilla Parishad.
26
12.30
1.00
Film show
1 .00
1 .30
Formation of groups
1 .30
2.30
Lunch
2.30
3.30
Panel
discussion
speci ali sts
1 .
No. 1
appraisal
by
Water Supply
Sri G.V. Raman
Executive Engineer
Z.P.E Division
Chi kkabal1apur
2.
Water & Sanitation in relation to Health
Dr. Sampathkumar
District Health & Family Welfare Officer
Kolar
3.
Afforestation
Sri. Nagaraj
Deputy Conservator of Forests
Social Forestry
Kolar
4.
Watershed Development
Sri. H.V. Parswanath
Di rector
Water Shed Development Programme
Chi kkabal1apur
3.30
5.00
Group discussion
Resource person
1. Water Supply & Sanitation (Group-1)
Sri Chandrappa
Assistant Executive Engineer
Special Sub-division (DANIDA)
Bagepal1i
Resource person
2. Afforestation & Environmental Sanitation
(Group-2)
Sri. Nagaraj
Deputy Conservator of Forest
(Social Forestry)
Kolar
27
< A
PROGRAMME:
10.00
11.15
28.12.1991
Panel discussion
SATURDAY
II
A. Health Education
Sri. Dandin
District Health Education Officer
Kolar
B. Community Participation with focus on
Women involvement
Smt. K.A. Ponnamma
Assistant Director
Women and Child Welfare Development
Kolar
C. Inter-sectoral co-ordination
Sri K.N. Narayanappa Naik
District Social Welfare Officer
Kolar
D. Training package at Mandal level
Sri B.K. Krishna Swamy
District Adult Education Officer,
Kolar
11.15
11.30
Tea
11.30
1 .30
Group discussion - II
A. Health Education and community
participation with focus on role of women
Resource person
Sri M. Sadashivaiah
Deputy District Health Education Officer
B. Inter-sectoral Co-ordination and training
package at Mandal level assisted by the
Danida Adviser
Resource person
Deputy Director of Public Instruction
Koi ar
1.30
2.30
Lunch
2.30
4.00
Concluding session: Chief Secretary, ZP
Kolar - Chief Guest
Presentation of reports by the groups
Formulation of recommendation
Danida Adviser’s observations
Participant’s impressions
Remarks by the Deputy Secretary (Dev.)
Z.P, Kolar
28
Chair person
Smt. Lalitha Chandran
Assistant Commissioner
Chi kkabal1apur
4.30
4.00
4.6
Concluding remarks by the Chief Secretary,
ZP, Kolar
CONDUCTING THE WORKSHOP
4.6.1
After registration the participants were
required to fill
up
the
pre-workshop
proforma, to know their initial awareness.
4.6.2
The workshop was inaugurated by Sri B.M.
Krishnappa, President, Zi11 a Parishad, Kolar
He appealed to the participant officers to
ensure use of good quality water supply
pi pes.
>•
Mandal
Pradhans,
Sri
Venkata
Reddy,
Julapalya, Sri Mallappa, Devaragudipal 1i,
Sri
Venkataswamy,
Bagepalli
and
Sri
Babureddy appealed to the participants to
„avai1 of the excellent opportunity provided
and thus (a) overcome the water scarcity
situation and (b) which in turn improves the
overall health status of the taluk.
district minister Sri V. Muniyappa,
assured all possible support and assistance
on behalf of Government for the effective
implementation of the project. He reiterated
for
the
proper
co-ordination
of
the
different development departments.
Danida Adviser gave a detailed account of
the benefits forthcoming under 'the "project
and
appealed to the Minister and the Z.P
President for immediate implementation in
,_Xhe selected mandals.
4.6.3
\ GROUP FORMATION
The importance was, given to group work.
Unlike at the district level workshop, here
at the taluk level, only two groups were
formed and the same topic was not assigned
to both the groups. The constitution of the
groups,
the
topics
assTghed
and
the
deTjBerations there on, are set out in the
subsequent paras after the plenary session.
29
PANEL DISCUSSION - I
4.6.4
There was a panel discussion on 'water
supply’ (by EE, PHE, Chikkabal1apur)'water
and environmental health (’by the DHO,
Kolar) and 'social forestry’ by Deputy
Conservator of Forests, Kolar),. Thereafter
open discussions followed.
Sri
Nagaraj
moderated the session. The speakers drew
attention to the background materials sent
—-earl ier. They aTso clearly explained the
objectives,
acceptor
oriented
project
software and hardware and the benefits to
the target population.
This was followed by another presentation by
the Project Director, Watershed Development
Project, Chikkabal1apura who addressed the
gathering on the following valuable points:
Selection of Bagepal 1 i - a, backward and
bUf^er~ta1_uk - for DANIDA project actTvities’"’*
wa's
much
appreciated.
The
practical
implementation
calls
for
a
cohesive
involvement
of
the
identified
key
departments.
In the past many years rural sanitation and
water supply schemes had been implemented
under the Rural Development programmes but
were not
percept jble or with
limited
success, due to the isolated approach in
tauKIThg the probl
In light of these, therefore DANIDA project
|i_s. -unique where attempts are beirifg made to
[integrate the involvext. ajgencieSjJ with the
r~adTrr‘6f achieving the ultimate goal and
to meet the expectations of the rural
masses. The results achieved in this pilot
project could serve as guidelines for
replication elsewhere.
[t was further stressed that the integrated
approach requires (1) a greater sense of
respons-ib-i-l-ity (2) greater understanding and
I 3) thinking at all levels of implemenX^ti-dn
involving
C a.
b.
(Z
c
■
1 d.
Government sectors
Village leaders
Social workers &
Voluntary organisation
30
f A
This
project
therefore,
is
a
"great
chai lengS'**-’ and an excellent opportuni t^'Tdr
those
involved,
in
its implementation.
He^th_E_ducatjon, jwhich involves a sustained
campaign_to the village community (specially
wUfnenTis not the sole domain of the Health
Department. Every involved department should
also be in a position to educate the rural
masses.
4.6.5
GROUP WORK
As stated earlier, importance was given to
group work in this taluk level workshop
also. About 15 participants were assigned to
group was not only a multi
each group. Each
I
multi-level
one
but
had
di sci plinary
assigned
as
topics
The
functionaries.
detailed below:
Group-A
27.12.91
1. Water supply and sanitation
28.12.91
2. Mandal level training package
Group-B
1. Afforestation and environment
2. Health Education, Inter-sectoral co
ordination and women’s role in the
project.
4.6.5.1
Group - A (27.12.91)
Topic:
"Water
Sani tati on"
Supply
&
Resource persons: AEE, PHED &
Deputy Chief of Forests, Kolar
Observers: DHEO & Dy.HEO, Kolar
Recommendations :
- Bore wells to be located at a
hi gher 1evel, with an overhead
tap
connections
to
tank
and
houses;
Potabi1i ty of water to be
tested
TndOO
- a committee to be formed at
each village
vi11 age to ensure proper
water
supply;
this
should
function under of PHED.
- training to all Mandal officers
- village level Health education
to be planned and i mplemented
through folk media, film shows
etc.
They
should
be
shown
parti cular1y
the
relationship
between contaminated water and
di seases.
- wherever feasible to construct
individual
household
latrines
through community involvement
institutional latrines to be
provided in schools and Anganwadi
centres and a committee to be
formed to take care of these
sanitary .latrines.
- washing platforms at suitable
places to be formed and to lead
off the water to avoid stagnation
Health education
activities
should be strengthened to create
awareness and the community to
accept these additional inputs
- Monthly meetings to be held to
review the programme
32
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FOR GROUP-A
BAGEPALLI
1 .
Smt. Shameemara, C.D.P.0, Bagepal1i
2.
Smt. A. Sharada Bai, Supervisor, CDP, Bagepal1i
3.
Sri. Y.K. Sreedhar, Zonal
Bagepal1i
4.
Sri G.V. Raja Reddy, M.O.H, PHC, Bi 1lur
5.
Sri Krishna Murthy, Block Health Educator, PHC, Bagepal1i
6.
Sri Vishwanatha Reddy,
Bagepal1i
7.
Smt. P. Lidia, Sr. Female Health Educator, PHC, Bagepal li
8.
Sri . Gopal
Bagepal1i
9.
Dr. Vasudev, MOH, PHC, Marganukunte
10.
Smt. Anjamma, Sr. Female Health Educator
11 .
Smt. Padmavathamma , Sr. Female Health Educator, Bagepal1i
12.
Sri . D. Venkatarayappa,
Bagepal1i
13.
Sri. P. Subhansale
14.
Dr. M.V. Hiremath, MOH, PHC, Pathapalya
15.
Sri. P. Chandrappa, AEE, Danida Sub-division, Bagepal1i
16.
Sri. N.S. Dandin, DHEO, Kolar
Rao,
Social
Forest Officer, Social Forestry
Senior Male Health Officer,
Wei fare
Extension
Assistant
Officer,
Agri cultural
PHC,
BDO,
Officer,
33
4.6.5.2
Group - B
Report on Environmental Sanitation
(27.12.91)
- disposal of human and animal wastes,
kitchen garden maintenance,
avoids
insects breeding, improves economic
condition
- encouraging growing of plants at
water points, tank shore plantations,
by both the community and voluntary
bodies
In
school
Health
Education,
environmental sanitation, proper use
and
maintenance
of
institutional
latrines,
kitchen
gardens,
to
be
discussed - income if any to be used
for the school improvement
4.6.5.3
i.-
Group
A
Report on Mandal Level Training
(28.12.91 )
This
group
made
a
detailed
discussion and defined the objectives
of the mandal level training and fixed
up the venue for training. It was
decided to have a one day training
only.
- Devaragudipal 1i mandal was selected
for the next level training
- Actively involving and training women
workers is necessary
- The mandal Panchayat took up the
responsibility for arranging this one
day training
- Selection of the core group and the
co-ord4-rvator was done
- The core group was assigned the task
of working out details of the date, the
Venue, the list of participants and
agenci es,
voluntary agencies,
preparation
of
background papers and the programme
details-r-
34
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FOR GROUP-B BAGEPALLI
1 .
Sri Nanjundappa, AEO, Bagepal1i
2.
Dr. Prakash Reddy, Assistant Director, Bagepal1i
3.
Dr. M.C. Murthy, MOH, PHC, Gulur
4.
Dr. P.L. Nagaraja Rao, BHC, PHC, Gulur
5.
Sri. V. Shiva Kumar, Jr. Health Assistant, PHC, Pathapalya
6.
Sri. Hal alingaiah, Asst. Horticulture Officer
7.
Sri C. Badra Reddy, BDO, Bagepal1i
8.
Sri. V.
Jayarama
Bagepal1i
9.
Smt. P.S. Kamala, ICDS Supervisor, Bagepal1i
10.
Dr. Pradeep Kumar, MO, PHC, Bagepalli
11 .
Sri. T. Shivanna, Nidumamadi Rural Development, Gulur
12.
Sri. R. Zafiminaray, LRDS, Bagepalli
13.
Dr. B.R. Susheela, MOH, Gen. Hospital, Bagepal1i
14.
Sri. N. Sadashivaiah, District Dy. HEO, Kolar
15.
Smt. K.N. Sumati, LHV, Primary Health Centre, Chelur
4.6.5.4
Gowda,
Terri tori al
Forest
Officer,
Group - B (28.12.92)
Topic: Health education, co-ordination
and
involvement of women
in
the
programme.
Recommendations :
- women are the best communicators,
they should be educated and involved in
the programme
- Health education aims at behavioural
change so that the community can accept
the programmes
- Individual contacts: sustained by the
HD,
PHED,
Education
Department
voluntary bodies
35
1 \
Group discussion:
the available
communication materials should be fully
utilised; Films, flash cards, printed
media wherever required
c v
community education:
it is very
important to stress the value of clean
and potable water prevents diseases
like Typhoid, Diarrhoea etc.
- waste water disposal for introduction
of kitchen gardens, soak pits may be
taught
- similar encouragement to the primary
schools and other water points at
publi c pl aces
Grama
Nirmalya
Samithi’s
establishment will promote programme’s
implementation; 75% of the members
should be women,
a secretary and
chairman should be there for its proper
functioning
- It is important to draw up a plan of
action,, village-wise and the same
should be reviewed in the monthly
^jneetings like the ICDS.
C
- involving the following at different
levels is
important for programme
implementation
£;
- Grama Sandharsana Sabha
- Farmer’s night meeting
- Adult Education Teacher’s Meeting
- Swastha Mahila Sangha meeting
- Teacher’s pay day meeting etc.
Active involvement of the Mandal
Panchayat’s, Pradhans and Secretaries
will facilitate programme’s acceptance
and progress there of.
4.6.6
Pan eT~f)TS cus~s ion II
4.6.6.1
The
panellists
and
the
discussed are as follows:
1. Health Education
DHEO, Kolar
by
Sri
subjects
Dandi n,
36
I
2.
Community
participation
with
involvement of women by Smt. Ponnamma,
Assistant Director, Women and Child
Welfare Department, Kolar
3. Inter-sectoral co-ordination - by
Sri Narayanappa Naik, District Social
Welfare Officer, Kolar
4. Training package at Mandal level by
Sri.
Krishnaswamy,
District
Adult
Education Officer, Kolar
4.6.6.2
A few highlights of the discussion are
listed below:
a. Grama Nirmalya Samithis, consisting
of 9-11 members, 75% of whom are women,
should
be
formed
for
effective
implementation of the project.
b. a plan of action should be drawn up
and the programme achievements to be
reviewed in monthly meetings, involving
ICDS Anganwadis
c. The following are to be involved in
implementing the programme at different
1evels:
- Grama Sandarshana Sabha,
- Farmer’s Night meeting
- Adult Education Teacher’s Meeting,
- Swastha Mahila Sangha meeting,
- Teacher’s pay day meeting
d. Mandal panchayat pradhans, members
and secretaries to be involved fully in
the project’s work
e. Departments of Social forestry and
horticulture
to
be
involved
for
planning and
introduction of the
household kitchen gardens, trees near
the water points and shore plantations.
f. In school health education, the
usefulness of raising kitchen gardens
from kitchen waste water, environmental
sanitation, maintenance of latrines
should be discussed. This will create
interest in them.
37
g. One of the speaker’s focused an
excellent example of the^ success story
of ~ invo 1 veman-t
of—
activities of the department
Per cent achieved
Immunisation
42%
F.P. Operation
40%
1
I 90%
+
[ 80%
4----------------
Strategy
Where men only (where women
were involved I were involved
------------------ 1________________
4.6.7
CONCLUDING SESSION
The concluding session was chaired by the
Chief Secretary of the
KoTar, He
expressed his appreciation of the success of
tTYe taluk level workshop. He appealed to all
the
participants
that
pedpTe' must
be
educated and motivated to accept the project
and to derive the benefits thereof, this is
possible (a) by cheating awareness in the
community about disease and environment and
thus (b) by creating demand generation in
them.
At the concluding session of the taluk
level meeting on 28.12.91, the BDO, the AEE
(DANIDA) and BHE of the local PHC formed the
core group to organise the Mandal Level
T raining.
5.
CONDUCTING THE
MANDAL
LEVEL TRAINING
DEVARAGUDIPALLI, BAGEPALLI TALUK ON 27.1.1992
5.1
PROGRAMME
AT
Mandal Level Training Programme: At the very outset it
may be stated that the entire programme was organised
exclusively
by
the
taluk
officials
with
the
involvement of the mandal level personnel.
Mandal and village level officials are directly
in contact with people. Therefore they form the
nucleus
to
radiate
the
services.
This
level
functionaries act as link between the officials of the
village level and the community. Their role is to
guide in the implementation of the programme and make
the community as acceptors of the programme.
38
5.2
Inauguration:
Sri
VV..
Mai 1
lappa,
appa,
Mandal
Pradhan,
inaugurated the one day training. He expressed his
happiness that the process of implementation of the
project has begun on a phased basis after more than a
year since survey was done. He and his colleagues had
made intensive dialogue with the village communities
soon after the survey work. He assured his continued
co-operation and assistance for the same.
5.3
Objectives: The objectives of the training programme
are set out as follows:
to appraise the participants of the project
objectives and components
to orient the village 1 evel functionaries to
understand
the
importance
of
the
roles
and
responsibilities of the related departments, and
to
understand
the
importance
of
communi ty
participation and the role of women.
5.4
Planning for the training:
The core group was
identified at Bagepal1i workshop on 27.12.1991. As per
the tasks assigned to it, the group prepared the
background papers in Kannada (four in number),
identified the participants (Governmental and NGO’s),
prepared the time table, defined the objectives etc.
The participative training at Bagepal1i
was of
practical value to the core group as stated by them.
They fixed up the venue and finalised the details for
organising the training, as per the guidelines spelled
out at Bagepal1i.
The four background papers are on: "Water and
Sanitation", "Health Education", "Social Forestry and
environment" and "the role of women in the community
development programmes". They were circulated to all
the participants in advance.
5.5
Methodology: There was a change in the training
strategy from 2 day workshop methodology to a one day
dialogue and training programme. From the taluk level
onwards the deliberations were in Kannada. Considering
the pivotal role to be played by the mandal level
personnel, this training programme assumes importance
for effective monitoring and implementation of the
project,
in terms of community acceptance.
The
programme details as worked out by the core group at
Bagepalli earlier, are finalised and furnished in the
succeeding paras.
The
programme
focussed
on
developing
and
formulating next level training and also preparing
village level functionaries and NGO’s to undertake
this responsibi 1ity.
39
24.
Sri Shanthamurthy, Inspector of Schools, Bagepalli
25 .
Sri Khajapheer, Inspector of Schools, Bagepalli
5 J7
PROGRAMME
The details of one day mandal level training at
Devaragudipal 1i on 27.1.92 are as follows:
9.00
10.00 am
Reg i strati on
10.00
10.30 am
Inauguration (By Mandal Pradhan)
10.30
11.00 an
"Project objectives and components"
Brief introduction by
(1 ) AE (PHE) DANIDA, Bagepalli and
(2) BDO, Bagepalli
"Why Health Education", "Why training" and
"How benefits should reach people" by DANIDA
Adviser, Bangalore
11.00
11.30 am
"Water supply and environmental Sanitation"
by BHE, PHC, Gulur
11.30
12.00 Noon
"Health Education" by BHE, PHC, Bagepalli
12.00
12.30 pm
"Social Forestry and Health" by Range Forest
Officer, S.F. Bagepalli
12.30
1.00 pm
in relation to the project
"Horti culture
inputs" by Horticulture Officer, Bagepal1i
1 .00
2.00 pm
Lunch
2.00
2.30 pm
"Intersectoral
co-ordi nati on,
for
the
project’s progress" by BHE, PHC, Bagepal1i
2,30
3.30 pm
Village level training programme - General
discussions
with
the
participants
on
selection of participants, venue, date,
preparation of background materials etc. as
a training package
3.30
4.30 pm
Group discussion - final ised the strategy and
methodology of the village level training
4.3-
5.00 pm
Concluding session
41
5.8
Conducting the training:
All the participants were required to register
for having attended the training,
training. Their present
designation and detail address were recorded. The
local Mandal
Pradhan iinaugurated
naugurated this one day
training. In his address he assured the co-operation
and assistance to this just
launched
project
activities in Bagepal1i taluk.
The Mandal Panchayat meets once a month and is
responsible to maintain and promote "Sanitation and
Health" in their jurisdictional area (20% of the
mandal panchayat members are reserved for women). The
pradhan has rightly stated that monitoring the project
activities will have to be done at this level and the
one-day training could also deliberate on the details
there of.
The BDO and AEE (DANIDA), Bagepal1i briefly
appraised the participants of the salient features of
+-k« project (objectives
n
„ 4While doing
M>Ithe
and components).
< so they once again stressed that unlike the training
at other levels, the mandal level participants have
\ the crucial duel roles to play: (1) they fohm the'TTn^j^
- between the village level functTOrraTies' ' and the
^Communities and (,2.) to act as guides i n imp lamenting
\ PT^rject act i vi t i es.
Therefore the mandal “^evel
- officiajsjiave an important monitpring..,role, to^j^lay.
The mandal pradhan further added that it is only
^5
through their combined efforts (Governmental and
fT
NGO’s) that the target community can accept the
programme inputs.
/
The subject^specialists briefly spoke on 'water
{ supply’, ’sanitation’, ’Health education’, ’Social
l Forestry’, 'Sectoral responsibilities’, in so far as
they relate to the project design.
/
rxr"
During the subsequent dialogue and discussion
session, the subject specialists and the facilitators
without exception appraised the participants that the
next level training strategy has to focus on
(a) efforts needed to bring about changes in the
community behaviour regarding disease re‘Tatrionship with
environment
(b) creating
people
awareness
among officials,
(c)
identifying
the
participating
off i ci als’ roles and responsibi Tities
NGO’ s
and
departmental
(d) how to use the additional inputs of the project,
and
42
n
(e) the functionaries’
plan)
integrated
approach
(acti on
Another important point stressed during the
dialogue cum discussion hour was that for implementing
the programme, the local people (Mandal level, village
level and community level) have to assume the
project’s responsibility rather than looking up to the
officials of the district and state levels for
i mpTementat i on. In this process, the staff of the
taluk level will plan and actively work with them.
Before concluding, the core group for the next
level training was formed to work out details for the
f>f4-41age level training. The venue and date were fixed.
'The
identification
of
the
participants,
the
preparation of background papers etc. were left to the
.group to .work out.
6.
VILLAGE LEVEL TRAINING PROGRAMME
6.1
Introduction: This is indeed a very crucial training
effort not only in the sequential training programmes
but is actually the hub of project activity, since the
village level officials are in direct contact with the
people, who are the ultimate beneficiaries. Indeed,
this has to be a joint effort by both the officials
and non-offici als besides the community participation.
6.2
Objectives: The objectives defined by the trainees at
the mandal level training camp, are as follows:
- to appraise the village level participants about the
project’s objectives and components,
- to identify the beneficiaries’ responsi bi 1i ti es
- to develop an educational action plan.
During the preliminary discussions with the core
group, another practical objective was evolved, viz. ,
- to expose the local participants to the community
level meeting as. an exercise in awareness campaign.
6.3
Planning: The core group consisted of the following:
1. Medical Officer., PHC, Billur (Co-ord i nator)
2. Assistant Engineer, PHED, Bagepal1i
3. BHE, PHC, Bagepalli
They had three pre-training meetings and covered
the following actions:
- preparation of the list of participants from Billur
43
( \
- after ascertaining the individual’s willingness, by
a personal contact, the list was finalised,
- meeting the trainees of the previous 1 evel i .e.
mandal level, and involving all of them as trai ners
for the village level programme,
- assisting them in bringing out five background
papers (very brief and relevant to the project and
their responsibilities) in the local language.
- meeting the village level leaders, involving them
and finalising the arrangements for the venue etc.
,6.4
Methodology: The training was conducted in Kannada and
the methodology was one of dialogue.„cum d^Tscussions.
One other significant change at the vi11 age T&vel ’
Training was the introduction of practical field
experience. The local participants were exposed to the
community level meeting as a practical work experience
exercise. All the subject specialists (trainers) were
present during the awareness campaign.
At the end of the campaign, which lasted for
about an hour and a half, one of the trainers stressed
that village being the implementing level, such
awareness campaigns are important to be arranged by
the trainees in their respective places, as a prelude
to programme acceptance.
6.5
Participants: A detailed list of participants, their
designations and addresses are available in Appendix-6
However, it is worth recording here that 9 out of 21
participants were NGO’s.
The good pre-plan efforts by the core group and
final
discussions
with
the
facilitators
subsequently, yielded rich dividends by way of good
trai ning cum
participation for this village level training
discussion on 18.2.92. Out of the 22 invited,
i nv i ted, 21
participated in all the deliberations.
the
6.6
Programme: The one day training programme at Billur
was inaugurated by the ex-mandal president on 18.2.92,
the programme details are furnished below:
9.00
10.00 am
Registration
10.00
10.30 am
Inauguration by the Ex-Mandal President
10.30
10.50 am
Introduction to the project
Bagepal1i)
10.50
11.10 am
Water & Sanitation (Subject specialist from
the core training group)
(AEE Danida,
44
11.10
11.30 am
Health Education (Subject special ist from the
core training group)
11.30
11.50 am
Role of women
11.50
12.10 pm
Role of Social Forestry
12.10
12.30 pm
Role of Horticulture
12.30
12.50 pm
Role of Education Dept.
12.50
1.10 pm
Role of Animal Husbandry -
1.10
2.00 pm
Lunch
2.00
2.20 pm
Discussions: Regarding the participation and
co-ordination of the different departments
in the project activities
2.20
4.00 pm
Discussions: Preparation of action plan for
the project
4.00
4.30 pm
Concluding session
4.30
5.30 pm
Visit to the local (neighbouring) village,
the trainees practiced communication with the
community, at a service point.
6.7
Conducting the Training
6.7.1
The
BDO,
Bagepal 1 i ,
the AEE,
DANIDA,
Bagepalli, the BEE of the PHC, Bagepal 1 i and
the MOH,
PHC
Billur took
the entire
responsibility in conducting this one day
training. The ex-president of the Billur
Mandal Panchayat, the president of the local
Mahi1 a Mandal, the chairperson of the school
betterment committee besides other local
voluntary organisations, not only took keen
interest in the training but also actively
participated in the deliberations and
the field community awareness campaign. The
detai Fs are recorded in the subsequent paras.
6?. 7.2
Outcome of the deliberations
I
The one day training_.programme focused
on the foTTowing
following salient implementation"
strategy:
- it is desirable to involve all the mandal
level trainees (departmental participants)
as
trainers
for
the
village
level
functionaries and NGOs.
45
- identifying the selected vi11age/community
leaders, and extending this type of training
exposure to them, on a phased basis, as
early as possible; this will result in their
awareness of the project and acceptance by
the community
- This has clearly demonstrated that those
who have undergone training at the village
level, can very well be mobilised for the
project’s implementation on a planned basis
Further, it has shown that both the
gove r nmen ta 1
and
non-governmental
organisations
could
put
forth
efforts
unitedly for the acceptance of project’s
additional facilities by the beneficiaries.
6.7.3
Some of
the
views
expressed
by.
participants during the discussions,
r^torded as follows:
the
are
6.7.3.1
- The afternoon’s village exposure to
acquire skills in commun^atToh^could
be timed as an evening event, like folk
dances and drama event, to attract
people. Being busy till evening the
people have a tendency to visit cinema
houses after return from field work.
6.7.3.2
The next strategy could be to
organi se
evening
village
training
exposure (awareness campaigns). The
possibility of utilising the mobile
communication van, to create awareness
may be explored.
6.7.3.3 / - Instead of forming new committees at
the village level, it is better to
energise the existing committees for
action,
e.g: School betterment committee^
Anganwadi Development Committee
Service co-operative societies^
Village level Mahila Mandal etc.
and to make the best use of the
benefits
envi saged
envisaged
under
the
project.
46
(>
6.7.3.4
A
very
small
effective
action
oriented core group of grassroots level
officials should be formed at the
village level for beaming awareness
campaign
and
giving
elementary
information. This group could consist
of
functionaries
from
PHED,
HD,
Anganwadi & Education department;
6.7.3.5
- Village-wise action plan for the
entire mandal could be programmed as
early as possible under the guidance of
the AEE, PHED, Bagepal 1 i , with the
assistance of PHC, MOH & BHE.
6.7.3.6
At each of these meetings, the
concerned departments could discuss
aspects of project activities, either
on going or planned for execution, with
the
village
community
and
local
leaders, e.g
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.7.4
well drilling programme etc
village development plans
use of communication van for
specific educational effort,
why community participation with
emphasis on involvement of women
Useful hints and guidelines given by ....the
vis ft i h g team members at the concluding
session:
- it is only by the integrated efforts of
the local grassroot local officials that is
possible to bring about the behavioural
changes of the village community. They
should not expect any dramatic efforts by
the taluk level officials.
- how far is this possible? It is only
through their sustained efforts, the concept
of public or community’s or household’s
participation could be visualised.
- how is this to be achieved? In the first
instance the roles and responsibilities of
the participating departments should be
clearly defined and then the "service entry
points" identified for integrated approach.
47
- the printed prescribed forms for the
primary schools in the village should be
filled up as early as possible and passed on
to the AEE ( DANIDA)
Bagepal 1 i ,
for
documenting
water
points
and
latrine
maintenance.
- Similar approaches should be made for the
Anganwadi centres also.
- illiteracy is no bar at all for heal th
eduction activities/efforts.
- washing of hands by the school children to
be encouraged wherever water facilities are
there. This message is carried by the child
to his household.
- During observance of National days in the
schools the teachers can involve parents and
do the education.
"Cleaning week" once a month
i ntroduced, perhaps during the
periods.
can be
1i brary
- "Parisarada Vignana” could be a compulsory
subject in the schools.
- During the school prayer time, they can
educate the pupils on a phased manner.
- The Anganwadi workers, and lady Health
Assistant during their routine visits can
educate the women on conveyance of water
from the points provided, how to store them,
how to avoid contamination etc.
- training and continued motivation on how
to use the additional facilities provided
and how to keep them clean is a constant
reminder by the field staff (A.W.W Health
workers and school teachers)
48
<\
1.
EVALUATION OF
THE DISTRICT LEVEL WORKSHOP ON
THE INTEGRATED RURAL SANITATION
WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
KARNATAKA
BANGALORE
21ST & 22ND NOVEMBER 1991
QUESTIONNAIRES were administered to all the participants at
the time of registration to focus on their initial awareness.
Again, at the concluding session of the workshop, they were
required to fill up the post-workshop evaluation proforma, to
find out the impact of the workshop. The participants were
requested to examine all aspects relating to the project
objectives, components, functions, unique features etc.
I
/
Twelve questions were framed for the evaluation proforma,
of which 7 are pre-structured and 5 open ended. While the former
limits the scope of answers, the latter may attract narrative
form of answers. Nevertheless, the pre and post-workshop
responses have been analyzed in this note.
Total number of participants invited to the
workshop
46
Number who actually participated
(The response is good)
38
Number who responded to the questionnaire
(suggestive of good participatory approach)
36
Number who responded to the post workshop
evaluation proforma
37
For the benefit of the fellow participants, only a few
highlights (pre-workshop proforma responses) were presented at
the concluding session on the second day.
day. However, a more
detailed analysis is available in the succeeding paras, duly
comparing the pre and post-evaluation responses.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES (Q.NO.1)
More than
objectives.
50%
have
clearly
identified
the
project
PROJECT COMPONENTS (Q.NO.2 - OPEN ENDED)
The responses were some what bizarre (also see post-workshop
responses)
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE PROJECT (Q.NO.3)
- Integrated philosophy has been stressed but needs to be
refi ned.
49
WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION (Q.NO.7)
All have said it is essential
USEFULNESS OF BACKGROUND MATERIALS (Q.NO.8)
Most of the respondents said that the background materials
were good and useful. But, only one respondent has categorically
stated that the materials were not attractive and "therefore not
gone through".
EFFECTIVE TALUK LEVEL TRAINING PROGRAMME (Q.NO.9)
Responses impressive (please see post-workshop responses)
I.S.C (Q.N0.10)
32 (86%) out of 36
necessary.
respondents have stated that ISC is
POST-WORKSHOP RESPONSES
In all 60 marks were allotted. The marks for each question
and the nature of questions are noted in parenthesis.
.No. 1
Objectives of the workshop (Pre-structured^(2)
Twenty eight out of 37 identified the objectives whereas the
remaining 9 could identify only one objective. The correspond!ng
pre-workshop replied are 20 and 16 respectively.
Q.,No,2
Major components of the project (Open ended) (9)
Replies are more specific as compared to the pre-workshop
evaluation. Twenty four participants could identify four or more
components of the project as against only 8 during the pre
workshop evaluation.
Q.No.3
Specific features of the project: (Pre-structured) (4)
The majority of the participants could identify almost all
the special features of the project The pre and post-evaluation
scores were 2.91 and 3.59 (maximum is 4.0)
Q.No,4
Meaning of Integrated approach: (Pre-structured)(4)
There is only a marginal variance between and pre and post
evaluation performance: The mean score being 2.08 and 2.37 points
is the maximum score)
Q.No.5
Department’s contribution for this integrated project:
(open ended)
Overall variance in the mean score indicates that probably
there is clarity perception of their department’s role in the
Integrated Rural Sanitation and Water Supply Project.
^0.
Q.No.6
Meaning of community participation: (Pre-structured)
(4)
There is an upward trend in their understanding of the
concept of community participation.
Q.No.7
Women’s participation in this project:(Pre-structured)
(2)
There is unanimity in the perception of women’s role and
participation in the project, both in the pre and post-evaluation
- "their role is essential". "How they should be involved" would
be discussed at the micro-level planning (PRA/awareness campaign)
Q.No.8
Methods of involving women in any of their departmental
programmes: (Open ended) (5)
Some important suggestions were forthcoming but there were
not much difference in their opinion between pre and post
evaluation. This needs a greater focus during the remaining
sequential training sessions (see remarks under Q.No.7).
/
Q.No.9
To list out the participatory techniques used in
planning, conducting and evaluating the workshop:
(Open ended) (5)
There is a perceptible improvement in the over all awareness
of the techniques mean score: Pre - 1.50
Post - 2.81
Q.No.10
Background materials found useful (Open ended) (12)
Only a few could not spell out the usefulness of the
materials handed over to them, but the majority have expressed
the usefulness of the background papers.
Q.No.11
What should be the components of an effective taluk
level training package: (Pre-structured) (5)
In the process of identification of the various methods and
means for effective taluk level training, there is an improvement
in the trend between pre and post evaluation; - mean scores being
3.11 and 4.24, the maximum marked allotted being 5.
/Q.No. 12
I
I
Inter-sectoral co-ordination for this project:
(Pre-structured) (2)
"" During pre-workshop evaluation about 88% of the participants
felt I.S.C is essential, whereas it was cent percent after the
workshop evaluation.
This indeed is a welcome sign and needs to be followed up
on inter personnel basis.
) x- ii
Ar
Tm 1 o o
(
FI
F
ft o ',
‘
C-
OUTCOME
•Improvement in the clarity of the programme activitiesJare
noticed in the answers of participant’s posT^wHcshop
evaluation forthcoming in their post-workshop evaluation.
ys-r—
Parti ci patory approach was successful .
3.
The objective of involving the District-level officers to
become trainers at the taluk-level has been achieved (also
see taluk level evaluation findings).
4.
Integrated approach of involving about 9 different
departments (District-level officers) helped to understand
each department’s specific role in the project.
5.
The participation of the Heads of various departments in
the workshop in different capacities such as Resource
persons, Observers, Chairing the session etc., is a clear
indication of their involvement. It thus helped the
participants to take more interest in their deliberations.
o
8. TALUK LEVEL WORKSHOP HELD AT BAGEPALLI
KOLAR DISTRICT (27/28.12.91)
-EVALUATION FINDINGS-
jfV
To assess the effectiveness of workshop on the participants
a/common questionnair-e* eliciting responses on Meaning, Method,
'•.Objectives’, Features, Approach etc., of the Project was handed
over to the participants before the workshop and at the
termination of the workshop. Of the 28 invited, 26 attended the
^-worKshop (92.8%). All the 26 participants were administered the
pre-evaluation proforma. Only three did not respond. At the end
of the workshop four more participants also joined the training.
All the 27 participants responded to the post workshop
questionna^i re.
For the purpose of evaluation, eleven questionswere
administered to the respondents; of theSe^four were open ended
type (free responses)and the rest were pre-structured (designed
with forced choice technique). Altogether 40 marks was earmarked
for these eleven questions.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT BETWEEN PRE AND POST-WORKSHOP
v EVALUATION ARE HIGHLIGHTED IN THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPHS
As an aggregate, a significant increase of about 5 points
in mean score was observed, with fluctuations in each of the
questions between pre and terminal evaluation. The mean score of
the participants during pre-workshop was 20.6 (51.5% of the"total
marks) while that of post-evaluation was 25.3 (63.3% of total
marks).
The distribution of percent marks scored by participants
showed that the awareness/attitude not only improved considerably
ifl^t^rms of mean score but also in percent grade category. The
participants with 75% and above marks rose to 6 from the pre
workshop level of 2. Similarly, the number of participants with
50-60 marks showed an upward trend from 13 (pre-workshop) to 15
during the terminal evaTu'ation.
Note: The taluk level questionnaire was very similar to the one
administered at the district level.
53.
/
Further, it is interesting to note that _<lLu^tJ2.iRants
were firm on the "Role of women in the Project" and on the
requiT^menVof^Tnter-sectoral co-ordi nation". They reported that
the latter as "necessary" and former as "essential" in both
evaluations.
In respect of other two important questions on "major
components of the project", a significant increase in the
perception has been observed. The mean score obtained for pre and
pQst-workshop for these two questions are 5.4; 6.5 and 1.7; 2.7
respectively.
The question-wise analysis
valuation are presented below:
Question 1:
of
pre
and
post-workshop
Project objectives:
Project objectives are the focal points on which the whole
project functions. The exposure on this item before and after the
workshop was fairly good, the mean scores being 1.7 and 2.1
respectively.
Question 2:
7
Major Components of the Project:
There are chiefly eight components for the project. The
Respondents requested to write these components as a free
jrespori^e- The participants could outline majority—of— the
components during pre-workshop. This of course is a good sign of
the participatory approach by them. However their answers were
specific in post-workshop evaluation. Number of respondents who
could identify seven or more components during pre and post
workshop are 14 and 20 respectively.
Question 3:
Special feature of the Project:
Please see above paras.
Question 4:
Integrated^Approach in the Project:
This is another important modus operandi of the project,
project. The
maximum marks that can be scored by identifying three given
answers are three. Looking at the pattern of response on this
question both in pre and post-workshop it implies that not much
U d^nt-has^.bQen made in changing the awareness on this topTcT "For/
V' I; the mean score wazs almost static between the two evaluations
(i.e., 1.6 and 1.7). Perhaps this could be due to the intensive
pre-workshop efforts by the Advisory Group.
Question 5:
Departmental contribution for the Project:
Under this question the participants were expected to
visualise and write their department’s contribution for the
integrated approach. Many participants have given these areas
under which their department could be involved in the project’s
successful implementation. The identification of any new areas
after pre-evaluation has improved only to the extent of 0.4 point
in mean score.
Question 6:
Meaning of Community Participation:
An upward variation was noticed in the level of knowledge
on this item between and pre and terminal evaluations, the mean
score after the workshop was 2.2 as against the pre-workshop
evaluation of 1.6.
Question 7:
Methods of involving women:
No positive revision in mean score was observed under this
strategy for involving women in their departmental programme.
Question 8:
Usefulness of Background Materials Supplied:
No impressive feedback appears to be forthcoming from
participants on the papers given to them. The mean score for the
maximum marks of 4, are: Pre-workshop evaluation 0.7; Post
workshop evaluation 1.0.
Question 9:
4
Effective Mandal Level Workshop:
The participants have contributed positively on this
question and were able to spell out significant number of
components after the workshop. For, number of participants who
could identify three or more components are 7 and 19 for the pre
and post-workshop evaluation. The mean scores are 1.9 and 2.8 for
pre and post-workshop respectively.
Question 10:
I.S.C has been reported as "essential” in both evaluations.
9.
A REVIEW IN RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT
In light of the experiences gained i n the multi-1evel
training programmes organised at various levels it would be
necessary to discuss under the following headi ngs: Programme
highlights (9.1); few short falls (9.2); some positive findings
(9.3); formulating recommendations; (9.4) and an over view (9.5).
9. 1
PROGRAMME HIGHLIGHTS
9.1.1
The project has focused on Health Education,
Training, Supportive communi cation materials
development, sectoral co-ordination of the
related
departments
and
community
participation for the additional inputs. The
sequencing would be:
1. T.N.A -> Staff Development -> Programme
acceptabi1i ty
.....
2. Education -> Behaviour change -> Programme
acceptability __ a...
.z _ c
9.1.2
After
the
district
level
workshop
at
1991),
the
Bangalore
(November
21/22,
i ntegrated training methodology for the
selected taluk, mandal and village level
functionaries, was observed from December
1991
to March
1992.
The
pre-training
.—planning processes were also studied. Their
i performance appraisal has been documented,
i indicating
the
approach,
methodology,
\ curriculum etc.
9.1.3
PartJcipatory approach has been introduced
in planning andconducting the workshop,
dufy^involving the participants, right from
the planning stage up to the conduction of
^workshop/trai ni ng i tsel f .
9.1.4
The
trainee trainer
concept,
staff
dell ver the
development and skills to deTTver
project components, was satisfactory,
satisfactory , in
preparing the training package to the next
level functionaries.
9.1.5
The formation of
the core
groups
at
different
levels
is
crucial
to The
sequential training, They were assigned the
following responsibilities:
- defining the objectives,
- listing of the participants,
- preparation of the background papers,
- identifying the speakers and resource
persons
- fixing up of the venues,
- working out a detailed programme
- listing of voluntary agencies,
- drafting of a workshop/training report
<9.1.6
i
and
The
listing
of
voluntary
bodies
providing training to them (to act as link
between
the
community
and
Government
functionaries, besides community education),
was clearly discernibl^x from the mandal
level onwards.
9.1.7
Being the local village level functionaries,
Anganwadi workers have a close contact with
all the mothers in particular and women in
general. Therefore, they form a vital link
"between the beneficiaries on the one hand
and the programme efforts on the other. This
potential has to be fully utilised at the
service points. This should be focused in
all future sessions also.
9.1.8
Almost similar situation is there for the
Q Junior Health Assistants (female) except
that the sphere of activity is larger. But
r nonetheless she should also work in close
{ lj.a.ison with the AwWs'wTth”special reference
to-person’al”TTygiene, collection and storage
of water, etc.
Like wise, the primary school teacher is
another vital 1 i nlTTetween the community,
, (includin^TKe"students) and the respective
'households.
It
is
their
continued
.motivational efforts that will have an added
' ,'V
ll^^'ciaT eTFect e. g in institutional and
X
individual
latrines,
relationship
to
personal hygiene, each one - teach one, etc.
9.1.9
C
jrt is precisely for this reason that all the
'three functionaries were actively involved
r-in the Mandal and village level training
(Anganwadi workers, Junior Health Assistants
female and the primary school teacher)
When the programmed visits by the mobile
communication unit are timed with the
village level training, then the PRA will be
an excellent point for all the project
efforts.
57
The one day village level training was
combined
with
a
practical
profitably
the
,
same
evening
to
practice
exercise in
had
an
__jthe
trainers
action
plan
observe
how
the
trai
nees
opportunity to
communicate with the people at a service
point. Perhaps this may be reckoned as
further
for
objective
achievement
repli cabi1i ty. )
9.1.12
!
9.2
A FEW SHORT FALLS:
The improvement is always poissibl^. Some short
comings” were there.
there. They are duly documented as
fol 1ows:
9.2.1
Observers-; There was not much feed back,
(les pi te the ci rculation of the suggested
guidelines to them.
9.2.2
Plenary session:,. Proper introduction of the
subject
specialists,
and
their
specialisation, pin pointing the purpose of
the session and finally summarising the
presentations, in all the sessions, would
Jbave been more useful to the participants.
9,2.3
Resource persons: Group’s reports were not
forthcoming in time. The reports should
clearly identify the important highlights of
the^d-i scuss i ons.
9.2.4
Perhaps, all these short comings could have
been obviated, if a technical co-ordinator
besides the workshop co-ordinator had been
identified and positioned.
9,2.5
While selecting the voluntary organisations
for the workshop, their previous service to
the society may be considered.
9.2.Q
As a general observation it was felt that
f^the training atthe various levels should
irtcrtude”"more number of NGOs.
.4 F
h/
t s
z-A'
tr"
X
9.3
SOME POSITIVE FINDINGS
The.multi-1evel district training exercise
ha/helped in identifying persons who could
be involved in planning and implementing the
sequential training programmes.X''x
9.3.1
9.3.2
\
It is worth mentioning that most of the
sessions in all the training programmes were
directed
towards
the
participants
involvement rather than the facilitators.
58
59
1 evel
9.3.3
The training package for the next
training was effectively formulated.
9.3.4
The roles and responsibilities of the
various departments, involved in the project
have been understood by the partici pants.
This laid the foundation for the future team
approach.
9.3.5
By bringing different personnel of the
various departments on a common platform,
they have understood clearly the integrated
approach and to play their roles effectively
for the implementation of the project.
9.3.6
The integrated approach, emphasised in these
training^programmeswas appreciated by all
concerned and proved beyorrchdoubt that next
level draining was organised efficiently by
their involvement.
9.3.7
The experience has been that the Deputy
Secretary (Dev.), ZP is ideally suited to be
the co-ordinator the taluk level training,
because all the development departments come
under ZP. Similarly our experience has been
that the DANIDA appointed sub-divisional AEE
with the SHE of the local PHC will be the
best suited persons for co-ordinating the
and
traTnThg programmes at the mandal
vtT-Tage 1 eve T s.
?
9.3.8
All these evidently show that participatory
approach was successful, integrated approach
was fruitful and above all the trainee trainer concept was much appreciated and
1 evel
adopted
up
to
the
lowest
level
of
functi onar i es .
FORMULATING RECOMMENDATIONS
9.4.1
District level
9.4.1.1
Group discussions: Giving the same
subject to all the 3 groups Cdistrict
Tevel workshop) is to be avoided, since
it is on a duplication of'effort, In
fact this was avoided at the tai uk
level workshop.
9.4.1.2
Trai ni ng: To incorporate aspects of
hardware components
in all
future
training schedules.
59
9.4.1.3
i
Cv
9.4.1.4
The follow up workshop can be done for
one day only at the respective district
itself by the PAG. It is important that
the emBhasas^-Shnuld be _on„ probl^u
solving sessions. It would suffice if
thTs continuing education is done once
a year only, during the project period.
If possible it is better to have a
afield visit, a day or two earlier and
Held berate on_ the„ f.i.e.ld..fj.ndi ngs dur ing
,/t ne tr a i n i ng . Th i s wou Id be beneficial
forThe integrated approach. Thus, the
strategy shou 1 d be one of orientat..ion
rather than mere information giving.
a. appraise^the participants with the
,1 atesTT'approaches to the project
..^b. propose any additional inputs needed^
<
- bMz
,£
/
c. review the achievements, -•-* —"
d. focus more on problem solving
sessions;
■z
7
h
Ci-'S
&
9.4.1.
9.4.2
e.
during
this
interdepartmental
training cum meeting, they can also
• discuss any other subjects, thus giving
scope for the multi range approach,
The entire focus has to be on the
I mcmagement aspects of the programme.
---- f-rv,.- ,
Taluk level
' ■
P'Vw*'
9.4.2.1
The taluk level training should be for
one day duration only.
9.4.2.2
Hardware component should be included
itito the software component,
^5<'.2.3
Group discussions pertaining to the
development of training packages may be
avoided since the training package has
already been developed
9.4.2.4
It should
sess i ons,
9.4.2.5
J
J
f;
focus
on
problem
solvi ng
The
focus
has
to
be
on
staff
development unlike
unii ke at the district
level where the focus was on management
aspects.
.. People training once in a year i s
recommended
60
Mandal Level
9.4.3
The mandal Panchayat is responsible to
maintain sanitation and health in the
panchayat area through its five member
amenities committee. There is a
statutory provision under the ZP act
for the mandal panchayat to meet once
a month. Further, 20% of the mandal
panchayat members are reserved for
women^This built-in mechanism should
_be fully utilised for the ^project ’ s
training cum review meetings.)
9.4.3.1
"tU-M
Ya
9.4.3.2
Keeping in view this important function
of the mandal level, the training
should focus on
a. the emphasis should be on programme
mon i tor Th
b. One day training is adequate
I.
c. Hardware components should also be
i ncluded
d. scope may be given for discussion
rather 'LlTSrn theoretical aspects, and
focus
to
be
on
problem
solving
approaches.
e. the over all form has
monitoring the programme
to
be
on
f. half yearly mandal level re-training
is proposed.
9.4.4
Vi11 age Level
9.4.4.1
CA
<
0
'W
The grama sabha as per the ZP act are
required to meet at least twice a year.
YThe functions of the grama sabha are
v i 11 age
deve 1 opmen17
water
sup.pJ^—
sanitation etc. besides assisting the
maTiHaT’panchayat. All the functionaries
of the various departments and the
local voluntary agencies are required
to participate in the grama sabha
meetings. In fact this is the most
peripheral ISC machinery where problems’
atrd needs of the villages are assessed ....
^nd appropriate programmes are planned.
Th'is machinery should be ful Ty' uffTlsed
jn/wc^r th-e rural awareness campaign for
I cl eveJopmgn t.a.1 p r o g r anw-v
4*,
n
9.4.4.2
Realising the importance of village
level
training,
for
community
acceptance, the following are the
recommendations.
a. one day training is sufficient for
this level also
b. both officials and representatives
from the existing local organisations
are to be drafted for the training.
c. depending upon the population of the
village, the training may be for a
group of villages, However, the number
of participants, both official and non
official should be between 20 to 25.
d ■ The aLternoQB sess i on.§.h.Q,uld . focus_
on discussing ways and means of coOrdThation between the functionaries
ahtrevoTv^ entry points for educating
th^^bbrnmu n i ty .
_z
e. In the forenoon session, it would be
desirable to introduce both hardware
and software components of the project.
f. the methodology of training should
be based on discussion and guidance to
perform the job more effectively.
g. After the training the participants
themselves arrange
for a village
level
- ~
--- ______
meeting^ preferably in the evening,, i n
consultation with the local leaders to
(i) to know how far this trai ni ng
faci1i tated them to know about the
project
(ii) to sensitise or create awareness
among the village community regarding
the project components,
(iii)in this village level training the
mobile communication van will also be
helpful for training
(iv) This
would
facilitate
the
community’s participation with special
"-r-efe reTTCe~ ‘to service po irrts'. ~
n
9.5
AN OVERVIEW
9.5.1
The experiences of multi-level training are
herein recorded. The concept of multi level
training is not a new approach at all. This
type of multi level training is being
conducted by the development departments at
different training centres. But thj_s multi
level district training is uni<jue and is
different from the routine departmental
training in terms of strategy- approach and
methodologies.
9.5.2
Another important experience has been the
appli cation of traineesirainer concept,
which has helped the participants to
understand the responsibilities of the
trather... Further, it has also helped to.
boost up his morale and confidence to take
up the next level training sessions.
9.5.3
t, '■
The introduction of the multi-level, multitechnique provided a clear
und^rstanding of the effective parti cipatory
approach, right up to the’ village level. And
at'^hat'"’level , educational efforts by the
departments
concerned
for
community
^i nVUTvemeht and part i c i pat ion is i mportant
fer the acceptor oriented programmes. This
methodology also P r ova^J^J^_exce.llent
opportuni ty for the trainees to _pl_an»
oh^BTTTse^ahd conduct the next level training
programmes.
<
9.5.4
-Jt is worth recording here that particularly
/ the last lap of village level training
/ concentrated on grass root functionaries...
respohsT’bTe for project implementation. It
i’S'at this level the 1 oca.L community people
were also involved. Actually foundation is
laid for motivational efforts for programme
^sceptance and field results.
9 .- 6.5
In all the levels of trainingj^rogramme, the
rcrte— of- women was discussed, since they
dSnsfitute an important segment of the
population. Their involvement, at the fami]y
and communi ty^TeveT was di scussed.
9.5.6
The mandal level training was distinct from
the district 1 eve!
wurkshop^- i-n- i ts
objecfives,
planning,
methodology
and
approach. Here there was an emphasis on
monitoring.
Another
important
aspect
x dbservecl was that the mandal president who
is an elected, local, /rrf 1 uehtial person,
Q.
»
plays a cruci al role in the mandal and
activities.
Through him,
vi11 age 1 evel
for
iiss a vast scope
therefore there
programme
efforts
and
moti vati onal
monitori hg.~
9.5.7
The training at the village level focused on
educational efforts for implementation and
that the activity has to be a joint venture
of both the official machinery and the local
non-governmental
organi sations.
The
I preparation of an advance educational plan,
village wise or for groups of villages, for
rapid
coverage
on
a
phased
basis,
coterminous with the mobile communication
| efforts wherever feasible is a top priority.
9.5.8
wh 11 e XTfe projects engineering wing focused
on the hardware component, the involved
health department, with its ramifications
right up to the village level has to give a
key supporting role in all their educational
efforts.
The triads of this project are (a)
Health
Educati on
Education
including
community
involvement (b) inter-sectoral co-ordination
and (c) training.
This is exactly the reason for fully
involving these crucial departments for
conducting the workshop/training at the
taluk, mandal and vi11 age level.
9.6
REVISED TRAINING PROGRAMMES:
9.6.1
DISTRICT LEVEL
Duration
Objective
Venue
Participants
One day
The entire focus has to be on
management aspects
District or Divisional Head
quarters
All
the
district-level
officials
of
the
stated
departments, engaged in the
project work.
- involving NGO’s who have
actually contributed to the
programme
Training to
organised
By PAG, Bangalore
Course Coordi nator
Deputy Secretary (Dev)
ZP of the District
PROGRAMME
Registration
08.30 A.M
09.00
10.00
Field visits - to one or two villages
for performance review
10.00
10.15
Coffee break
10.15
10.45
to deliberate on the field findings
10.45
11.45
11.45
12.45 P.M
Problem solving sessions - on
a) Hardware component
b) Software components
12.45
01 .30
Lunch
01.30
03.00
Discussion cum Review
Experiences regarding
approach
i ntegrated
- Water supply - usage and maintenance,
precautions taken for supply of potable
water etc.
- Disposal of household wastes, garbage,
surface surplus water etc.
Educational efforts made
- Development of talking points
03.00
03.15
Coffee break
03.15
04.45
Development
and
documentation
of
guidelines for programme monitoring at
taluk, mandal and village levels.
04.45
05.00
Concluding session
9.6.2
TALUK LEVEL
Duration
Objective
Venue
Parti ci pants
T raining
One day
The focus has to be on staff
development and how they have
been geared up to fulfil the
project objectives
Taluk head quarters
All the officials and nonofficials involved in the
project
To be organised by the subdivisional AEE (DANIDA) with
the B.H.E of the local PHC
65
PROGRAMME
Reg istrati on
09.00
the
09.30
10.30
Visit to a nearby locality to review
progress, objectives
10.30
10.45
Coffee break
10.45
11.45
Discussions
regarding
field
visit:
observations made and suggestions there of.
Problem solving sessions
(a) Hardware component
- listing of the problems: administrative,
technical logistic co-ordination etc and
documentary suggestions
11.45
12.45
(b) Software component - listing of the problems, discussions and
document!’ng the measures needed to ci rcumvent
them
12.45
01 .30
LUNCH
01 .30
03.00
Performance review and discussions; both
hardware and software components - educational efforts made,
- talking points developed,
- Identified sources of water,
- Maintenance, supply and usage of water
- Problems and experiences regarding
integrated approach
- Solid wastes - disposal of
- Maintenance of latrines in different
si tuati on
- Environmental sanitation how cleanliness
is ensured
- Disposal of waste water - how planned and
executed
- Any other subjects
03.00
03.15
Coffee break
03.15
04.45
(a)
Documenting
of
the
experiences,
precautions, maintenance etc.
(b) Development of guidelines to the mandal
and village level functionaries .
04.45
05.00
Concluding session
An observer from Project Advisory Group,
Bangalore or from the District Level Core
Group to be invited.
GG
I!
9.6.3
Mandal Level
One day
The
training
cum
discussions should focus
on programme monitoring.
One of the mandals, not
yet
covered
by
the
earlier training sessions
Duration
Objective
Venue
Participants
All the mandal
level
offi ci al functionari es
involved in the project
activities and one or two
from
each
of
the
functioning
non
governmental agencies
Training
To be organised by the
sub-divisional
AEE
(DANIDA) with the BHE and
MOH of the juri sdi ctional
PHC.
Observer
From the district-level
core group to be invited
PROGRAMME
09.00
09.30
Registration
09.30
10.30
Department-wise review. The Mandal Pradhan
may be invited to attend this review session.
10.30
12.45
Problem solving sessions
- listing of problems, component-wise and
area-wise
- seeking practical solutions there of
12.45
01 .45
LUNCH
01 .45
03.00
Development of guidelines for monitoring the
programme
03.00
04.00
Tea break and documentation of guidelines to
the village-level functionaries by AEE, MOH
& BHE
04.00
04.30
Concludi ng
observer
04.30 onwards
session
by
the
di stri ct-level
Visit to one of the villages for
(a) Recording the beneficiaries ’
to additional inputs
responses
6T <
/ >
(b)
Documenting
the
beneficiaries’
experiences on the installed components
(c) Hearing their suggestions for fully
utilising the programmed inputs.
9.6.4
Vi 11 age Level
Duration
Objecti ve
Venue
Parti ci pants
Trai ni ng
Observer
One day
to focus on the effective
action plan
a village selected by the
Mandal Panchayat or taluk
level core group
All the village 1 evel
and
functi onaries
important village level
leaders (both men and
women)
to be organised by the
sub-divisional
AEE
(DANIDA)
with
-^the
concerned PHC’s MOH and
BHE. The senior health
assistants (female) of
the concerned sector, to
be fully i nvolved.
an observer from the
district level core group
to be invited.
PROGRAMME
09.00
09.30
Regi strati on
09.30
10.30
Progress of the Ihardware components.
Mandal
Secretary
may
be
invited
participate
10.30
10.45
Coffee
10.45
12.45
Problem solving session: listing of the
component-wise problems and difficulties
encountered,
discussions
and
seeking
practical solutions there of. The simplest
solutions are often the best.
12.45
01.45
LUNCH
01.45
03.00
Discussions and documenting guidelines for
the vi11 age-1evel action plan, based on the
problem solving session
03.00
03.15
Coffee
The
to
68
03.15
04.45
Discussion with the participants covering the
following briefly.
- current usage and maintenance of clean
water from source to household storage
- health and disease in relation to
environmental sanitation and clean
surround!ngs
- health education and communication support,
a continuous effort, integration with
other jobs.
- disposal of solid and liquid wastes and
garbage
- tree planting, and
- any other subject
NOTE:
04.45
The participants should be encouraged to express freely
their problems and experiences, and documented for
preparing guidelines.
05.00
The Concluding session to be chaired by the
Observer and co-chairperson (Secretary, Grama
Sabha)
63
4
ANNEXURE-1
*
REFERENCES ON ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING NEEDS
1.
People’s attitude towards improved drinking water and
sanitation schemes - A micro level study of a village in
Chitradurga" - 1990
L.N. Shamala Devi
2.
Training needs assessment for Project personnel" - 1991
OM Consultants
3.
Local level training needs assessment".
Kolar District) -1991 - SARRA.
4.
Local level training needs assessment" (Hungund taluk,
Bijapur District) - 1991
SARRA
5.
Local level
1 evel training needs assessment" (Chitradurga
District) - 1991 - A.P. Consultancy - "Community’s
perception and Practice as basis for developing training
strategy".
6.
A study of Institutional linkages - Relationship between
Mandal Officials and community, and extent of people’s
participation in water supply and Sanitation programme" 1991 L.N. Shamala Devi
7.
Development of training package for district and taluk
levels,
with emphasis on
participatory
techniques,
curriculum development and sequencing" - 1991 - Dr. C.
Achuthan - (Based on this, District level and Taluk level
workshops were conducted on 21/22 Nov.1991 and 27/28 Dec.
1991 respectively).
8.
Development of training package for Mandal and village
levels" - 1991 - Smt. Vallisheshan and Dr. Saraswathi (to
facilitate people’s participation in the project.
(Bagepal1i taluk,
1$
ANNEXURE-2
LIST OF BACK GROUND MATERIALS SENT IN ADVANCE
TO THE PARTICIPANTS
A.
B.
DISTRICT LEVEL WORKSHOP:
1 .
Inter-sectoral action for health,
2.
Women in water supply and sanitation,
3.
A note on management,
4.
Community
Programme
5.
Health Education, its importance, learning process,
Techniques of Effective Communication and principles,
6.
Planning a parti cipatory training process,
7.
Audio visual aids in Health Education,
8.
A note on Group discussion
9.
Water Supply component
in the Integrated
Sanitation and Water Supply Project
10.
Participatory Rural Appraisal
to " Bottom-up planning".
11 .
Sanitation,
12.
Community
techniques,
13.
Training programme for implementation of Integrated
Rural Sanitation and water supply project under DANIDA
assi stance,
14.
Role of Health Education in the Integrated
Sanitation and Water Supply Project,
15.
Inter-sectoral co-ordination.
participation
in
participation
Pri mary
Health
Care
rural
: A promising approach
through
parti ci patory
Rural
TALUK LEVEL WORKSHOP: (In Kannada)
1 .
Water, Environmental Sanitation and Health,
2.
Health Education,
3.
Forest and Health,
4.
Benefits of the Integrated Rural Sanitation and Water
Supply Project in Karnataka,
7/
i.
C.
D.
5.
The
role of the
related
departments
implementation of the project,
6.
The role of women in rural developmental activities.
for
the
MANDAL LEVEL TRAINING: (In Kannada)
1 .
Water and Environmental sanitation,
2.
Health Education,
3.
Social forestry and environment
4.
Role of women in community development programmes
VILLAGE LEVEL: (In Kannada)
1 .
Water and Sanitation,
2.
Health Education
3.
Role of women in the Integrated Rural Sanitation and
Water Supply Project,
4.
Health and Sanitation in relation to Animal Husbandry,
5.
Importance of forestry
ANNEXURE-3
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF DISTRICT-LEVEL WORKSHOP
*
1.
Smt. T. Mukthamba, Deputy Secretary, Zilla Parishad, Kolar
2.
Sri. P. Chandrappa, Assistant Executive Engineer, IRS & WS
Project, Danida, Bagepalli
3.
Sri. M. Sadashiva,
Chi kkaballapur
4.
Dr. H.V. Sampathkumar, District Health & Family Welfare
Officer, Kolar
5.
Dr. B.T. Rangaraj, Assistant District Health Officer, Kolar
6.
Sri. N.G. Dandin, District Health Education Officer, Kolar
7.
Sri. B.K. Krishnaswamy, District Adult Education Officer,
Kolar
8.
Smt. K.A. Ponnamma,
Development, Kolar
9.
Sri. K.N. Narayanappa
Officer, Kolar
10.
Smt. B.R. Mamatha,
Officer, Kolar
11 .
Sri. G. Kalaiah, In charge Principal Agricultural Officer,
Koi ar
12.
Sri. S. Nagaraja, Deputy Conservator of Forest, Kolar
13.
Sri. M.Y. Khazi,
Kolar
14.
Dr. S.R. Bilagi, District Health Officer, Chitradurga
15.
Sri. C.N. Nagaiah, Deputy Secretary, Z.P, Chitradurga
16.
Sri R.B. Solemn, Action Aid, Karnataka Projects
17.
Dr. M. Eswarappa, Assistant District Health & Family
Welfare Officer, Davanagere Sub-division, Davanagere
18.
Sri. K.P. Kariyappa, Assistant Executive Engineer, Dani da
Sub-division, Jagalur
19.
Sri . S.S. Mathapathi, Secretary, TRDF, Sirigere
20.
Sri . S.B. Kalyan, Deputy Health Education Officer, Kalyan
21 .
Sri .
C.
Deputy
Health
Education
Assistant Di rector, Women and Child
Nai k,
District
District
Social
Information
Deputy Director of Public
Siddappa,
Officer,
District
Health
&
Welfare
Publicity
Instruction,
Education
Officer,
Z3
22.
Sri. G.N. Raghunath, DDPI, Chitradurga
23.
Sri.
N.A.
Ch itradurga
24.
Sri.
M.S.
Chandrasekaraiah ,
Division, Davanagere
25.
Sri. M.R. Rathod, District Assistant Director of Women and
Child Development, Davanagere
26.
Sri.
K.L.
Ch i tradurga
27 .
Dr. S.B. Hendi, District Health & Family Welfare Officer,
Bijapur
28.
Sri. R.N. Nandani, Principal Agricultural Officer, Bijapur
29.
Sri D.B. Kanchi, Assistant Executive Engineer,
Project, Danida, Hungund
30.
Sri H.D. Patil, I/c APO (DWCRA), Zilla Parishad, Bijapur
31 .
Sri B.V. Kanthi, Assistant
Development, Bijapur
32.
Sri S.T. Guddi, District Social Welfare Officer, Bijapur
33.
Sri . D.R. Nayak, Range Forest Officer, SF, Hungund
34.
Sri . Gurumurthaiah, Educational Officer, Bijapur
35.
Sri . M.B.
Bijapur
36.
Dr. A.R. Kora, Assistant District Health & Family Welfare
Officer, Bagalkot
37 .
Sri. G.K.
Bagalkot
38.
Sri. S.N. Godi, Executive Engineer, ZPE Division, Bagalkot
Vittal,
Pujar,
Koihar,
Kaikarni,
Principal
District
District
Deputy
Agri cultural
Executive
Adult
Health
Health
Engineer,
Education
Di rector,
Officer,
Women
Education
Education
ZPE
Officer,
IRS & WS
and
Child
Officer,
Officer,
7*4
4
APPENDIX
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FOR THE TALUK LEVEL
TRAINING PROGRAMME, BAGEPALLI 27/28.12.91
1.
Sri. Y.V. Govinda Gowda, President, Kaveri Rural Development
Society, Bagepal1i
2.
Dr. Prakash Reddy, Asst. Director, Animal Husbandry
3.
Dr. Sathyanarayana, MOH, PHC, Bagepalli
4.
Dr. Murthy, MOH, PHC, Bagepalli
5.
Dr. Varadarajan, ADHO,
6.
Dr. M.V. Hiremath, MOH, PHC, Pathapalya
7.
Smt. Shameemara, CDPO, Bagepalli
8.
Smt. A. Sharada Bai, Supervisor, CDP, Bagepalli
9.
Dr. G.V. Rajareddy, MOH, PHC, Billur
10.
Sri. Krishnamurthy, Block Health Educator, PHC, Bagepalli
11 .
Sri. Vishwanatha Reddy, Senior Male Health Assistant, PHC,
Bagepal1i
12.
Sri. P. Lidia, Sr. Female Health Assistant, PHC, Bagepalli
13.
Dr. Vasudev, MOH, PHC, Marganukunte
14.
Smt. Anjamma, Sr. Female Health Assistant, Bagepalli
15.
Smt. Padmavathamma, Sr. Female Health Assistant, Bagepalli
16.
Sri D. Venkatarayappa, Asst. Agricultural Officer, Bagepalli
17.
Sri P. Subhansab, Junior Health Assistant, PHU, Yallampalli
18.
Sri. Shivanna, Nidumamadi Rural Development Organisation,
Gul ur
19.
Sri. V. Shivakumar, Jr. Male Health Assistant, Pathapalya
20.
Sri. Nanjundappa, A.E.O, Bagepalli
21 .
Dr. B.R.
Bagepal1i
22.
Sri. P.L. Nagaraja Rao, BHE, PHC, Gorur
23.
Smt. K.N. Sumathi, Sr. Female Health Assistant, Chelur
Susheela,
Medical
Officer,
General
Hospital,
75"
24.
Sri. Hala Lingaiah, Asst. Horticultural Officer, Bagepalli
25.
Sri. C. Bhadra Reddy, BDO, Bagepalli
26.
Smt. Kamala P.S, Investigator, ICDS, Bagepalli
27.
Dr. Pradeep Kumar, Medical Officer, PHC, Bagepalli
28.
Sri. R. Lakshminarayan, LRDS, Bagepalli
x
76
ANNEXURE - 5
PARTICIPANTS FOR THE MANDAL LEVEL TRAINING
PROGRAMME HELD AT DEVARAGUDIPALLI (BAGEPALLI
, ------ : TALUK)ON 27.1.92
1 . Sri.R. Kodandaramaiah
Mandal Secretary
Devaragudipal1i
2. Sri.T. Shankara Rao
Mandal Secretary
Billur
3. Smt. Saraswathamma
Sr. Female Health Asst.
Billur
4. Smt. Kovarthanam
Sr. Female Health Asst.
Bagepal1i
5. Smt. Jaithumbi
Sr.Female Health Asst.
Billur
6. Smt. Jayalakshmamma
Sr. Female Health Asst.
Billur
7. Smt. Annapurna
Sr. Female Health Asst.
Rasi cheruvu
8. Smt. Muniyamma
Sr. Female Health Asst.
Besthalapal1i
9. Smt. Padmavathamma
Sr. Female Health Asst.
Devaragudipal1i
10.Smt.S. Sundari
Sr. Female Health Asst.
Achepal1i
11.Smt.J. Movi1 a
Sr. Female Health Asst.
Bagepalli (Rural)
12.Sri.B. Mai lappa
Sr. Male Health Asst.
Devaragudipal1i
13.Sri. Nagarajappa
Sr. Male Health Asst.
Achepal1i
14. Kum. Mani
Supervi sor
Integrated Child Dev.
Scheme, Bagepalli
15. Smt. Gangamma
Supervi sor
I.C.D.S, Billur
16. Sri.V.K. Narayanaiah
Forestor
Pathapalya
17. Sri. Somashekar
Forestor
Devaragudipal1i
18. Sri.M. Venkataramanappa
Forestor
Billur
19. Sri. Narayanaswamy
Forester
Billur
20. Dr. Shashikumar
Asst. Director (Animal
Husbandry), Billur
21 . Dr. Ramachandra Reddy
Extension Officer
Animal Husbandry Dept.
Bagepal1i
22. Sri.S.R. Lakshmana Murthy
V i11 age Accountant
Billur
23. Sri. Abdul Rahim
Vi11 age Accountant
Billur
24. Sri. Shanthamurthy
School Investigator
Bagepal1i
25. Sri. Khajapheer
School Investigator
Bagepal1i
^7
ANNEXURE
6
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FOR THE VILLAGE LEVEL TRAINING
PROGRAMME HELD AT SHIVARANJINI FILM THEATRE
BILLUR, BAGEPALLI TALUK ON 18.2.1992
1 . Kum.B.S. Vijayalakshmi
Head mistress
Govt. Higher Primary
School
Billur
2. Sri. Venkatappa
Asst. Master
G.H.P.S
Billur
3. Sri. P. Sridhar Reddy
Asst. Master
G.H.P.S
Billur
4. Sri. Md.Salauddin Khan
Head Master
G.H.P.S
Bi 1lur
5. Sri K.S. Shankar Lingaiah
Asst. Master
G.H.S
Billur
6. Sri.H. Hanumanthappa
Physical Education
Instructor
>
7. Smt.M.V. Vi jayabharathi
Anganwadi Worker
Billur
8. Smt.T.R. Kamalamma
Anganwadi worker
Billur
9. Smt. Jaithumbi
Jr.Female Health Asst.
Billur
12. Sri.Sadashivappa
Member School Betterment
Commi ttee
Billur
13. Sri K. Ramakrishnappa
Member
Anganwadi Advisory
Commi ttee
Billur
14. Sri K. Subaan Khan
Member
School Betterment
Commi ttee
Bi 1lur
15. Sri. Prakash
Secretary
Service Co-operative
Society
Billur
16. Sri Suribabu
President
Service Co-operative
Society
Bi 1lur
17. Sri Siraj
Mandal Bill Collector
Billur
18. Sri Chennappa
Mandal Bill Collector
Billur
19. Smt. Pyarima
President
Mahila Mandal
Billur
10.Smt. Jayalakshmamma
Jr. Female Health Asst.
Billur
20. Smt. Lakshmidevamma
11.Sri. M. Bhasha
Member
School Betterment
Committee, Billur
21. Sri Abdul Rahim
Village Accountant
Billur
22. Smt. Annapurna
Secretary
Mahila Mandal, Billur
72
APPENDIX-7
DISTRICT LEVEL WORKSHOP
EVALUATION PROFORMA
Please answer freely and frankly
Tick [
]
appropriate
1 .
2.
the
answers,
whichever
you
find
The OBJECTIVES of the project are:
a.
Improve the health of the people
b.
Improve living standard of the people
c.
Increase the wealth of the villages
d.
To improve the agriculture output
The major COMPONENTS of the project are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
►
i.
*
NOTE:
3.
The SPECIAL features of the project are:
This was administered at the time of registration
(pre-workshop
evaluation).
It
was
again
administered before the concluding session (post
- workshop evaluation)
a.
Community parti ci pation
b.
Integrated approach
c.
Women’s involvement
d.
Communication support
7^
4.
5.
e.
More money
f.
More materials
g.
Employment opportunities
INTEGRATED approach in the project means,
a.
Integration of components
b.
Integration of departments
c.
Integration of philosophy
d.
Integration of finance
e.
Integration of staff
f.
Unified planning and activity
9-
Integration not needed
Indicate your department’s contribution for this integrated
project.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
6.
7.
Community participation means:
a.
People’s initiative
b.
Community involvement in planning
c.
People got more money
d.
People to find their own resources
e.
Responsible for implementation
f.
Officials responsibility
g.
Formal leaders only
State whether women’s participation in this project is:
a.
Essential
^0
8.
b.
Somewhat essential
c.
Not essential
Indicate the methods of
departmental programmes:
involving women
in
any of
your
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
List the parti cipatory
ci patory techniques used
conducting and evaluating this workshop:
in
planning,
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
Indicate if you found useful, the back ground materials sent
to you in advance:
Did you need any further supplementation during the
workshop.
>
11 .
12.
An effective taluk level training programme organised by you
should include a.
Careful planning
b.
Participant’s involvement
c.
Formulating objectives
d.
Utilising participatory techniques
e.
More number of class room sessions
f.
Group work
9-
Cultural programmes
Inter-sectoral co-ordination for this project is a.
Necessary
4
b.
Not necessary
c.
Somewhat necessary
BANGALORE
DATE
NAME & ADDRESS
r
ANNEXURE
8
SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR OBSERVERS
(DISTRICT LEVEL WORKSHOP)
PLANNING PROCESS (By the training core group, Bangalore)
Relevant materials (training needs assessment studies
made by independent consultants).
b.
Initiated discussions with the involved departments,
NGOs representatives and community.
c.
Conceptuali sed
workshop.
d.
Preparation of draft training document,
examination by professionals/PAG. -
and
e.
District, taluk, Mandal,
documents by consultants.
training
f>
Identified participants - department-wise,
g.
Corresponded with the participants to plan effective
workshop.
(
3
t
participatory
approach
vi11 age
1evels
Identification
of
resource
persons,
planning
group,
subject
specialists,
departments.
i.
for
this
i ts
observers,
i nvolvi ng
Revised two-days’ draft workshop programme
//' selected participants for their comments.
to
the
Fifteen back ground reference materials were sent in
advance to all
the participants
for effective
participation.
WORKSHOP ARRANGEMENTS
1 .
Registration
2.
Inauguration
3.
Workshop’s programme (Two days)
4.
Information sessions (I & II) - Plenary
5.
Group work : I, II, III
6.
Presentation of Group reports: I, II, III
7.
Physical
workshop.
faci1i ti es
provided
for
conduction
of
83
t
Communication support provided -
8.
*
NOTE:
The observers may feel
free to modify or
incorporate any other points on the workshop.
Participation by individuals:
Expectation etc.,)
(Reaction,
Response,
>0.
Concluding session:
11 .
Participant’s recommendations:
12.
Taluk level training package developed by participants:
(Totality of coverage, duration, etc.,)
1
.
Evaluation proforma (pre & post):
14.
Session-wise contents:
\
Objectives & expectations;
Level of achievement
100%, 75%, 50%, 25%
the
various
15.
Involvement of the representatives
technical departments:
16.
Whether the parti cipatory approach was followed or not?
of
Please rate the workshop as
Excellent";
i mprovement".
t
9
18.
"Very
good";
■’Good” ;
"scope
for
Please specify any other points you desire to comment.
FLOW CHART
Study of the
Project
Report
Study of the
Training Needs
Assessment
Report
(a)
I
Discussion with
the District
z
12
Officers
1
Discussion with
the Project
Advisory Group
Dialogue with
involved Dept.
Heads
A
Involvement of
Professional
Training
Institutes
i
PLANNING
Zila Parishad
Members and
Officials
/ >
J&J
ii
IO
Community
People
Involvement of
^NGOs
©
Reaction with
Workers
Involvement of
Participants
Formation of
Planning Group
FLOW CHART - 2
THE PROJECT
♦
WATER SUPPLY
H
A
R
D
w
A
R
E
L_—
I >
2
SANITARY LATRINES
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
©
TRAINING Q
AFFORESTATION
1EALTH EDUCATION
INTEGRATED RURAL
SANITATION
COMMUNICATION SUPPORT
&
WATER SUPPLY
DATA B
(5)
S
0
F
T
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
L
INTER-SECTORAL
CO-ORDINATION (?)
©
w
A
R
E
FLOW CHART - 3
NEED FOR TRAINING
Lack of priority in performing®
'job functions
Absence of linkages between®
©Lack of skill for community
organization
Absence of suitable
communication materials
the departments
STAFF
vELOPMi tiT
COMMUNITY
ledge between health,
Lack of know
I
water anid disease
i
1N\JOL
\
Non-involvement of women ©
in decision making process
Drainage problem g)
Non-perception of environmental
Sanitation
Tank and open well water tastes better than borewell water
n
FLOW CHART - 4
MULTI
1. I nte grete d ’
tpproach
ccr.pcncnti)
MAKAGEh< E K T
LEVEL
1MPLEME-
H.D.
KTKTION
MICRO
LEVEL
Z. Participate ry
t P p ro t c h
\
TRAINING
STRATEGY,
. Trelnac • Trainer
conce pt
DISTRICT S
/ LEVEL A
MAM DAL j Y l L L AG E '
LEVEL Z
LEVEL /
r
______ /
i
/
5. Inter
departmental
doordlnetlcn
r
/
FRAINING
/
FKED
FLAK KI KG
jbVlCDD
RAF PCR
meeting'
WITH THE
COMMU
NITY
ED.
KGO
STAFF
DEV’T.
MONI
TORING
i
1
n
X
I
International Union For Health Education
SOUTH EAST ASIA REGIONAL BUREAU
6, Viswanatha Rao Road, Madhavanagar, Bangalore-560 001, India, Tel. 266396
-92
August 20, 1992
ffly dear Dr. Achuthan
I trust that this finds you and your family in best of health.
At the outset, 1 wish to apologise for the inordinate delay in
my going through two valuable documents on training prepared by
you for the Integrated Rural Sanitation and Water Supply Project.
I wanted to read them and think over the important ideas, concepts
and methodologies at leisure after the SEARB Executive Committee
Meeting and see how SEARB benefit from your useful contributions.
I have done this now and I thank you for sharing the original and
personal copies of yours with me.
I really enjoyed and derived excellent stimulation while going
through your reports.
In fact, you took me to the period when
I was offering graduate course in ’’Inservice Training" along with
Professor Grossman at the University of Hawaii,School of Public
Health.
What we did in one semester of four-and-half months,
you have accomplished in a much shorter period - that too single
handed.
I earnestly hope that the Project will make sincere
efforts on the lines suggested by you in promoting the competence,
technical knowhow and morale of the staff of the Development
Departments on a continuing basis and sustain involvement of the
people throughout the Project.
DOCUIYIENT - TRAINING COMPONENT.
The document deals with the training component of the IRS&UUS
Project in a very comprehensive manner covering all the essential
elements
of an effective training programme.
I heartily congratu
late you.
\
r
I
You have rightly started witjh the critical element of training /why traininq?/We use to spend ^wo sessions on this subject and
we gave one exercise on this.
We also made the students to
examine whether the objectives of the programme could be attained
with lesg, costjuithout training.
This enabled them to examine
other essentials needed formaking training effe^ctive in the field.
I like your statement under the - the.need for training and the
diagram-1 dipicting trainer-trainee component and outcome.
The
statement made at the end of the page 3 exaplining the diagram
indicates that you have made considerable efforts to link be
havioural change, staff development, conceptualisation^ transfer
of technology and performance.
Further, I feel that you have
used the term awareness in a much broader sense than that used by
Communication Experts.
Similarly, it may be useful to re-examine
South East Asia Regional Bureau
Covers : Bangla Desh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Sri Lanka & Thailand
International Union for Health Education
15/21, rue de I'Ecole de Medecine 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France Tel : (33) 1-43 26 72 28 Telefax : (33) 1.48 56 22 22
.. 2)
the terms participation (E) and involvement (G)-*
-X -
a
The diagram 2 dipicting the interactions
project seems very valuable.
for the success of the
I have seen you using the diagram 3 very well in the many pre
sentations you have made and I am glad that you have included
this in this document.
The diagram 4 - levels of service personnel drpicts the level of
knowledge and skill of personnel working at different levels of
r
hirachy.
You may like to consider the other important outcome
of training viz., attitude or feelings.
The diagram may also
not apply to those who occupy higher levels working through the
lowest level.
I liked the field exercises
9.6 suggested on page 19.
I am glad that you have emphasised on the evaluation of training
programme.
You have rightly given importance .-for the self
evaluation.
I like the suggested proforma for evaluatio'n/ It
may be useful to have a separate and simple evaluation proforma
for self-evaluation which may be kept confidential between the
trainee and the trainer.
THE mULT I LEVEL TRAINING EXPERIENCES
I heartily congratulate you in preparing this excellent document
which could be used with benefit for not only the Project, but
also as a guide for planning and conducting training programmes
in general.
The thrust for training mentioned at 1.4 is most appropriate.
I wonder the principle of integrated approach is included in 1.4.1
ISC.
I like the Table-1 - Sequential Training Programmes,
I wonder
why the strategy of workshop has been changed to training at the
Mandal and Village level.
!Similarly whether the methodology at
District and Taluk levels do not include discussions in addition
to participation.
The need for training especially the third
column may require reconsideration.
I am glad that the objectives of training programme have been very
well formulated.
Since this is a participatory training, I wonder whether planning
of the training at different levels should include the trainee,
trainer, manager and community under 3.3 and 3.4*2
It is most appropriate that you have highlighted on page 58 a few
short falls and positive findings JMhich will help in redesigning
the training programme.
Similarly, the recommendations you have
made under 9.4 are very valuable.
At the end of the report, you have given four Flow-Charts. These
dipict very well your ideas, approaches and concepts of the essentials
of training very clearly. I really enjoyed reviewing them repeatedly.
My grateful thanks to you again for sharing these valuable documents
with me.
I have pleasure in returning the same.
With best regards,
Yours sincerely
Dr.C.Achuthan,
Consultant - Training
DA NIDA Project, B’lore.
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