EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT MOTIVATION & LEADERSHIP TRAINING PROGRAMME OF INDO-GERMAN SOCIAL SERVICE SOCIETY, DELHI
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EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT MOTIVATION & LEADERSHIP TRAINING
PROGRAMME OF INDO-GERMAN SOCIAL SERVICE SOCIETY, DELHI - extracted text
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MOTIVATION & LEADERSHIP TRAINING
' EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME OF INDO-GERMAN SOCIAL SERVICE SOCIETY, DELHI.
CHAPTER
I
BACKGROUND
I. 1
The Catholic Church and Development in India -
Within
the
has played a leading part
(
organisation
participation
of the
fisherfolk
training programmes set up by
India,
the Catholic Church
organisation and motivation
the
The
1970s.
early
in
the weakest segments
people from
of
perspective
historical
of
society, as far back as the
of
Catholic
and
in Kerala,
the
of
Indian
priests
in
the
the motivational
Social
Inst.
also
date
back to this period.
The
i
Indo
motivation
motivation
I
German
Service
Society
training courses even as
course
Multi-Purpose
Multi-Purpose
community
of
Social
Sanction
1979.
Social
Service
itself
far
back
development
Rs. 20,000/--
Social
Service
was
given
Society
sponsored
1979
e.g.
of . the
22nd
Society from
for
as
has
to
to
under
the
KumbccKOnam
27th
January
Kumbcv Konam
the
grant
Sp(Tn-242)
78-104 of 9th January 1979. Again under their letter 343 dt. 30th
August,
on
note
the
Indo-German Social Service Society circulated a
’Development,
and
Community
Motivation
DeveJopment
1979
Leadership
Training
Social
Service
measure
to
the
Programme’.
Society
assist a
proposed
selected
field of development,
In
this
note
as
an
interim
small
the
Indo
and
erman
immediate
number of project holders in
motivation and
community
development
leadership training with small amount so that, atleast, a few and
most deserving of such of those project holders, who have already
made
some
preparation
for
the
N.A.E.P.,
and
awaiting approval of the Government, may be able
who
to
are
still
initiate
the
implementation of this important programme in a modified way.
. .2.
u
I
J
J...'
r’w •
•
,• ..n
I
: 2
1.2
The DMLTP as introduced by LG.S.S.S.
While
this
original
was
programme
linked
to
Education programme of the Government of India, at a
I.G.S.S.S.
approached Misereor for
programmes
of
development,
later
funding fpr coverage
leadership
motivation,
Adult
National
the
stage
of
100
training
throughout India and set up a budget amounting to Rs.85,000/- for
each of the projects.
1 secular projects. 1Misereor cut
The suggested mix was 2 church :
down
the
100
from
number
and reduced
church / secular organisations,
(
85,000/-
for
provision
existed
for
for
the budget from
Rs.
survey.
socio-economic
a
for
also cut back a
Misereor
Rs.75,000/- each,
to
2: 1
of
at the same ratio
60
to
As
consultations
training programmes,
request
provision
no
the
etc. ,
DMLTP
I.G.S.S.S. suggested that Rs.2,500/- be
o_
held back from each of these orgnisations to cover such costs.
Advisory Committee of
311 of 18.6.1985 Misereor e.V. and
According to
I.G.S.S.S.
note:
Zentralstelle
through
I.G.S.S.S.
Dioce ses
the
sanctioned fund is exhausted,
conducting
to
implement
According to this note once
two years only,
the DMLTP for
future
local
DMLTP,
40
assist
financially
20 non-church related organisations
and
be used for
would
the
financial resources may
if
needed
.
While
some
groups had requested it for DMLTP type programmes, even prior to
the Misereor sanction, these were comparatively few, and in order
to
the
open
field
others
to
who
were
not
possibilities of such support from I.G.S.S.S
workshops
development,
for
I.G.S.S.S
of
the
held two
and/or
training
groups
in
the
leadership
training
programmes,
The
introducing
motivation,
aware
first was in Bhopal in 1984 and the second in Shillong in 1985.
The Bhopal workshop was set up for providing orientation to DMLTP
project
holders
in the Northern Region.
besides providing orientation,
North-Eastern Region,
the
region was
rather
as
Th.e
included other
Shillong workshop,
Dioceases
from the
the members of DMLTP project holders in
low,
in
the
hope
of
promoting
greater
interest in DMLTP.
. .3.
3
1.3
The status of DMLTP,
As of 11th April,
REGIONS
as on 11th April 1986.
1986 the position of DMLTP was as folows:-
NO OF STATES
DMLTPs UPROOT
COVERED
Southern
North-Eastern
4
17
(yet to start)
1
2
3
7
(on going)
13
1
14
(yet to start)
2
3
5
(on going)
9
4
13
(yet to start)
1
2
3
30
16
55
5
44
Total yet to start
11
is
against
Total.
13
Total on going
It
Secular
(on going)
5
Northern
Diocease
this
background
that
the
evaluation
of
DMLTP
programme of the I.G.S.S.S. was set up.
. .4.
J
CHAPTER
II
FOLLOW
UP
II.1 DMLTP documentation
The
note
'An
development,
effective
training programme'
(DMLTP)'
on
the
pages
8
and
9
Number
point
motivation and
311
of
"What
-
leadership
18.6.1985'
should
be
lays down
type
the
of
follow-up and documentation required for an effective DMLTP?"
The points laid down are :
n
1.
Follow-up of DMLTP is very
important
as
the utility of
the
awareness
created among the people, groups etc. cannot
be otherwise ensured. The follow-up steps to be taken will depend
on
the
type,
hopes
and
aspirations
aroused
among
the
critical
people/participants,
be
could
considered
participants
to
expected
needs expressed by
are
drawn
keep
as
need
etc.
the
areas
f rom
where
The project holder
is,
therefore
about
the
I.G.S.S.S.
particularly about its impact,
2.
of
the participants, which
informed
the
programme,
by means of periodical reports.
During the implementation of DMLTP, continuous monitoring of
DMLTP should be done through progress reports of project holders
using standardised programme.
3.
The members of the
involved
in monitoring
DMLTPs Advisory Committee would
the DMLTP Projects,
holders would also be assisted and guided
also
be
and the DMLTP project
for
self-evaluation of
their DMLTP.
4.
• An
impact evaluation of
DMLTP
should
be
undertaken
at the
end of 18 months of operation of DMLTP in India. To facilitate
this impact of evaluation, the project holders of DMLTP should be
encouraged to undertake base-line survey in their areas before
the
implementation of projects.
Committee
would
play
greater
The
role
members
in
the
of
DMLTP
Advisory
impact-evaluation of
DMLTP.
. .5.
u
5
A.
A
the
DMLTP
'pre test' and 'post test' design can be
programme
undertaken,
using
For
India.
in
an appropriate
this a
used
to
base-line
interview-schedule
evaluate
survey
be
the
before
beginning of the programme, by each project holders.
implementing
After
the
programme for say,
one year or two years,
another survey be undertaken using the same
schedule.
The
responses
are
difference
suggested
or
similar
between
'pre-test'
reflect
the
to
and
changes
interview
'post-test'
brought
in
by
group
of
the
DMLTPs.
B.
To
canvas
potential
all
of
the
interview-schedule,
Learners/Trainees
them,
them,
or
be
all
the
used,
be
some of them usincr
using
recommended to cover
time
should
a
a
target
either
as
to
cover
sampling technique.
It is
Learners/Treinees
potential
the
at
entering of this programme. The interview schedule is to
of
both
administered,
Thus ,
programme.
the
before
subjects
the
of
programme
the
and
af ter
the
'pre-test' and ’post-test'
design would also act as control-group.
Despite
the
methodological
limitations
of
this
it
design,
is
suggested to adopt this design because of the ease and low costs
involved.
C.
The key concept of evaluation of the DMLTP programme at each
of the project sites are :
*
analysis
political
*
of
social
reality
in
terms
of
social,
cultural.institutional structure.
awareness of oppression and exploitation perpetuated by
one caste/class against others.
problems solving through self-help / mutual help.
. . 6.
u
• 6 :
★
such
values
of
practise
and
sharing
equality,
economic
of
implementation
the
in
co-operation
as
programmes which generate as a result of DMLTP.
5.
be held with all the project
the two year programme. The
An evaluation workshop should
DMLTP
of
holders
recommendation of
at
end
the
of
the evaluation workshop should help to decide
about the continuation of the programme beyond two years. fi
an effective
‘what would be
The same paper answers the question
DMLTP' that could be adopted at the Dioceasean / regional / local
level as under :
"An
effective
that
DMLTP
would
be
the
at
adopted
Diocesan /
regional / local level would include the following :
1.
is
it
envisaged
the
that
and
related
Church
through DMLTP would provide in-puts
development project holders,
for development education, development motivation and
ensure
to
training
responsible
peoples
involvement in their development project.
there
that
and non-institutional
institutional
projects
feeling
strong
a
is
taken,
under
are
other
leadership
participation
DMLTP
&
a must since
large number of
is
while a
socio-economic
developement
by church-related and other
project
holders, not much is being done for developmental
motivation and organisation of the people concerned.
education
awareness,
2.
The
training
organisation
continuous
the
f ield
of
programme
the
reflection.
of
should
generate
social
and
concrete
action,,
people,
To
development
achieve
would
this ,
be
all
exposed
with
a
those
concerned
in
a
process
of
to
reflection and study in a training programme. The people at the
grass-roots, need to go through a critical awareness building
programme in order to become deeply aware of their attitudes. For
this
those
who
catalyse
this
reflection
and
study
process,
namely, core group of village leaders has to be trained•
. .7.
7
leaders,
men and
women,
community,
in which
the
3.
These village
f rom
among
the
will be initiated.
should
be
development
of
process
selected
This should be done only by prolonged contacts
with the community and enabling the community to identify the apt
persons from amongst them.
core
These
groups
village
of
leaders
should be then given an intensive training and responsibility for
a
community growth.
and their
be
leaders
not only should people be sensitized,
Thus ,
but
trained,
also
the Animators
should
be
given training.
Similarly, training should be given to Priests and immediate
4.
personnel who also work as Animators.
Other
5.
social
Diocese,
action
cell
in
congregations,
and
Parish
such exposure.
The training will
the
amd members
Directors
as
such
support groups
the
religious
Priests,
Parish
of
and other Priests, would also be given
vary according
role
the
to
and
the level of the different groups.
The programme should start at the level of the people.
6.
would
come
the
community
process
leaders,
non-heirarchical
those
involved
at
the
to
training
programmes are
in
congregations,
to
Priests
Parish
and members
all
level
are
development.
community
necessary for
that
so
local
/
regional
Diosesan
approach
democratic
a
would follow the training of these
Then
support groups like Directors
religious
them
with
identifying the
them and
a preparatory training is needed
attuned
this
living with
working
manner.
leaders. Obviously,
of
First
of
the
Hence,
and
Social
other
Action,
Parish and other groups, as well as for
the Animators of community development workers.
7.
An
indegenous
orientation
community
leaders
& the
their own development.”
community
The
document,
311
same
i . e.
of
at
that
the
also
aimed
itself
become responsible for
is
18/6/1985
also
so
puts
down
the
vision and values connected to DMLTP.
. . 8.
i
I
"a)
The
ingredient of
first
8
is
course
any training
study of
a
and understanding of the social reality in which the people live.
This
will
economic
an
necessitate
and
cultural
analysis
a
should be
their
,
the goal
efforts
reflection
on
towards
which
for
development.
the
various
If this
it will necessarily
in depth,
for and clarifying
clarifvina of a
searching
searchina
political,
structures prevalent in the areas.
areas.
is done with seriousness and
to
social,
the
of
vision of what
all
should
Consequent
approaches
on
and
lead
society
be
striving
in
this
will
be
a
methods
needed
to
achieve this goal.
b)
In this search for a vision of total human development there
will
necessarily be
the giving of
the
some
good
and moral inputs through
philosophical
of
news
justice
equality
and
and
the
denouncing of injustice and exploitation.
c)
is
A very important requirement of the training for development
that
it must internalise in the participants the values which
differ totally from
social
under-pinning
these
namely profit motive,
system,
ism. Values cannot be taught,
(
training will
Hence
the
find
in
the
real
community
leaders
and
the
people.
equality,
to
team-spirit,
learn
present
prevalent
and individual
competition
---- 3 4-1
----- ----they----are----acquired
through
practice,
incorporate
all
development
These
honesty,
others
from
the
even
the values we expect to
community
the
workers,
are values of sharing,
cooperation and
though
they
justice,
open-mindedness
are
socially
and
economically weaker.The flowering of such values is essential for
the
people,
so
that they may bring
society in which
they exist.
about a
real
change
in the
These values are not only preached
about, but excercised and acquired during the training programme,
thus
creating new
trainers,
to
act
energies
in the
trainees
with conviction and
as
courage
well
in
as
their
in
the
various
struggles at different levels.
. .9.
9
the
If
training
programme
patterned
on
democratic,
is
participatory and non-heirarchical lines, it will already set the
foundation for the acquisition and internalisation of many of
these values.
d)
Another requirement of training will be for inter-personal
relationships and communications. These are important for the
village leaders, the Animators and those in the support groups in
P
order to ensure acceptability
by the people and solidarity with
them.
e)
An important point to be borne in mind is that the training
programmes envisaged will carefully avoid the imposition of any
rigid methodology. While it is necessary for those involved in
development to have more or less clear understanding of why they
are working in this field, and what they want to do, it is not
right to force a particular methodology on others, nor to blindly
accept any one prevalent methodology as perfect and fully
satisfactory for all times and situations. But it is necessary
that the trainees hold to some essential common elements of all
values committed to justice. To start with, all should be
justice and freedom, and to make a
clear judgement of the present socio-economic system as unjust,
committed to up-hold equality,
oppressive and unequal. They must acquire the conviction that the
(
evils of injustice, poverty and oppression, can only be removed
by a basic restructuring of the whole society and false values on
which it is built. They must realise that the restructuring of
society can only come through the grass root people working in a
coordinated manner as a united force.
If training
f)
skills for
f or economic programmes is to be
included in the training , as might be felt necessary according
to the local situation, the right orientation to these economic
programmes must also be given in the training. The trainees must
be led to see that first of all, any economic programme must not
. . 10.
10
be
an
end
in
but
itself,
liberation of the community in the
process
of
political
and
whole
the
in
stage
a
socio-economic,
cultural fields.
Second,
they
unless
that
values
the
are
solidarity
collaboration,
cooperationz
ex ^rcised
realise
must
integrated
projects will
in these programmes economic
sharing,
of
and
the
have
opposite effect of creating more inequalities than justice.
To combat effectively mass poverty and to establish a human
g)
and egalitarian society the collaboration of all individuals and
organisations
committed
understanding
is
social
justice,
of the
being
to the
of
people
an
such
Any seeking of
the movement
cause
of
one
to
at
ideal
servant
a
is
essential.
to society stiving for
interest or
self
Self
isolation from
large would be counter productive
liberation as well
to
as
its
own
for
mission
setting free the downtrodden and of serving the growth of kingdom
of justice,
love and brotherhood."
Against this definition of the DMLTP the objectives,
methodology of evaluation have
been laid down
in
content and
’2 ’
document
dated 11.4.1986.
"OBJECTIVE
a)
To assess the impact of the DMLTP,
b)
To
identify
the
problems
faced
during
implementation
of
DMLTP and the related solutions.
c)
To make
recommendations
for
financing
continuation
of
the
existing DMLTPs, and starting new DMLTPs.
. . 11.
u
11
CONTENT
The specific aspects
to be
looked
into while making on the spot
evaluation are :
a)
what were the specific short term and long term goals of the
DMLTP, and to what extent have these been achieved.
b)
how clearly the information
imparted on
the
DMLTP
has
been
retained by the participants in the training.
c)
how well
the
participants
in
the
DMLTP have understood the
information imparted.
d)
to what extent the DMLTP has been applied and practised, and
what are
the
results
achieved,
not only
in setting up groups ,
but also in terms of positive and negative
changes
in
the
areas
where programmes have been conducted.
e)
the various action programmes
undertaken
/ planned / to be
planned, and the extent to which the local resources have
been
/
will be tapped to meet the costs of such programmes.
f)
problems
faced during the
implementation of the
DMLTP and
how they have been solved.
g. i)
whether
f inancial
assistance
will
be
required
for
the
continuation of the programme.
g.2) if financial
assistance
is required for the continuation of
the programme, what modification is /are required in the cost and
finance plans of the programme.
g.3) requirement of assistance - for what period (one, two,
three
years).
. . 12.
J
?•
12
could
benef iclaries
and
holder
g.4) whether
the
project
if yes,
contribute towards the cost of continuing the programme
to what extent and what items.
METHODOLOGY
assessing the information already with I.G.S.S.S. FROM THE
a)
BASE LINE SURVEY AND progress reports received f rom programme
implementers.
b)
gathering information from programme implementers through
another questionnaire to be designed by Mr. Patel.
conduct 1-^ to 2 days pre-evaluation consultation in each of
c)
the three regions. With programme implementers of the respective
region - to explain the need, objective and methodology of the
evaluation - together with as much information as possible on the
points listed under l.a to l.c above - to make the process of
evaluation a participatory one.
d)
visit to selected DMLTPs and interviewing :
those who are in charge of the DMLTPs.
those who are covered under the DMLTPs.
those
(outsiders)."
who
are
not
covered
under
the
DMLTPs.
II.2 Analysis of the structure to be changed through DMLTP :
this point it would be important to attempt an analysis of
this kind of societal structure which the DMLTP proposes to
keeping
a historical
perspective
on
developmental
change,
efforts. In the 1950s and 1960s development efforts changed from
At
. . 13.
13
The
orientation.
programmes,
improved
agricultural
training to provide
economic
the
problems
development
eg.
eq.
employment,
problems
up
of
equipments
f or
setting up of
the
or
practices
setting
the
not
the
upward
technical
while
looking
look
at
the
social
mobility
of
the
weaker
programmes which,
did
the
in
moved
basic
provision of
the
prevented
which
in
perspectives,
and
training
at
working
groups
economic
of
directions
charity to the perspective of goal and target
of
the perspective
really
segments of Indian society.
In
early
the
of
kinds
two
70s,
development
existence, the first were youth groups with
and
the
the
second
were
one
can see
retrospect,
liberation
leftist orientation,
theologians .
theoloqians
failings of both these
the
into
came
groups
However,
However,
in
groups
and
these must form part of such an analysis.
The
wing groups
left
following Marxist dogma,
f ailed
to
see
that the class definitions of Marx were enormously complicated in
a
country
facts
India
by
the
they failed
to
recognise
like
of
caste,
ethnicity
and
religion.
Similarly,
that the legislation turned
the flaw
out by the Government of India was largely socialistic,
not
being
in
the
implementation.
legislations,
attempts
to
the
legislation
itself
as
much
as
in
there
there
were
were
examples
of
faulty
Ofcourse,
Ofcourse,
as in the case of the agricultural policy where,
grow
more food,
in
technologies were used which were
actually counter-productive for the small
farmers,
and marginal
while they increased the profitability of the medium and
large
farmers.
Again Government programmes were normally status
sense
that
they
focussed
more
on
quoist
substistence than
in
the
long term
assets creation for the poor. The few programmes that did have an
inbuilt
structure for asset - creation at village
level
did not
. . 14.
Ja
neediest G
to
machinery
effective
an
provide
these
creamed
off by the
there were
consequently,
the
to
assets
supply
already
existing power groups at village level.
its
and
Government
The
class
down as
laid
were
representatives
enemies. This frequently prevented the groups from getting social
justice for the weakest segments of society by enlisting the aid
of
the
more
Collector. On the
(Government), they frequently
the
of
representatives
as
enemy
class
could
somebody who
lost
the
as
such
confrontations
by starting off with
contrary,
Collectors
the
with
neutral Government officials
less
or
intervene
for the people they represented in cases of social injustice.
While
out
it
is
that
true
ends
normally
corruption
behind
up
the good Collector
responsibilities ,
tries to totally stamp
who
Collector
the
recognises
corruption as a
fact of life & uses it in negotiating for a fairer
neediest.
the
It
is
all
to keep
deal
for
the
in contact with
the
reach
benefits
maximum
the
that
ensure
to
Collectors
necessary
more
the
real
no
with
desk
a
neediest.
The
liberation
between
the
South-East-Asia,
where
controlled by and aimed
expense
the
of
policies
the
in favour
masses
theologians failed to recognise
the
India.
parts
of
Government
are
at
the
and
the
small
a very
of
that of
of
distinctions
make
to
America
Latin
of
Governments
failed
also
theologians
group
Again,
the
liberation
in
India
caused by
problems
fact that unlike in Latin-America etc., there is no unifying
factor of Christianity in India. This of ten exposed them to
the
charges
that
their
was what led to the
primary motives were proselytisation and this
diffusion
of
confrontations which they were
trying to bring about by organising people.
Over
the
last f ew years,
matured to a
however,
point where they
a
lot
of
are making a
these
groups
have
distinction between
. . 15 .
15
the
classic
anti-poor
Government,
and
the
policies
of
the
Government of
India.
projects
are
trying to use the system and its plus points in the
cause
social
of
social
justice
India
of
reality
This means
that more
through
legal
to be
has
grass
and more
means.
means.
looked at.
roots
again,
Here
the
certain
While
a
amount of freedom exists to pursue legal methodologies
to
obtain
social justice in large parts of India, particularly in the South
and parts of
the Central Indian area of Maharashtra and Gujerat,
f rom Orissa through Bihar, U.P., parts of M.P.
the feudal belt from
and Rajasthan, still do not provide small grass root groups, the
freedom to fight for social justice without repression from the
feudal lords and the Govt. Machinery.
The question then
DMLTP would be.
arises
as
to what
the
ultimate
Pragmatically, this should mean
objectives of
that
programmes
meant for the weakest segments of society should be accessible to
them. However, in practical terms, one must realise that the
programmes
drawn
up
for
the
weakest
segments
of
society
are
frequently drawn up without consulting them at all, and this is
one of the reasons why such programmes go astray, and infact,
help
the
segments of society to grow stronger still, As
country-wide programme for cross-breed cows as
stronger
an example
the
supplimentary income source for the rural economy is particularly
ill-conceived. It presupposes a certain resource availability to
the small and marginal farmers, which they do not have i.e.
adequate
virtue
fodder and feed.
Without
these
resources,
the
cow,
by
having to repay a loan, becomes more of a liability
than an asset.
If before such a scheme was drawn up, an adequate
knowledge base was created amongst those who were supposed to
benefit from it, they would surely modify it adequately to make
it work.
Similarly,
without the necessary knowledge,
a
lot
of
the rural poor are involved in programmes drawn up by the Khadi
and Village Industries Commission, whose costings are invariably
out of date, and whose programmes,
therefore
do not provide
the
support they are drawn up to do.
. . 16.
16
Considering these deficiencies in these systems it becomes almost
inevitable that at some point or the other, in the quest for
social justice, groups of the weakest segments of society wil run
into situations of confrontation, either with the authorities or
with the socially stronger elements of their society. This
background is necessary to understand the 1 ines of thinking of
the evaluation.
. . 17 .
CHAPTER
III.
The Evaluation, questions raised and findings
III. 1
The
Basis :
first objective
of
the
assess the impact of the
impact,
the
evaluation has
DMLPT.
a
As
been put down as;
pre-requisite
to
assessing
to
it was
felt necessary to find out whether the DMLTP
was understood in the same way at all levels from I.G.S.S.S. down
through
the
document,
betwen
participants
311
of
the
in
field.
The
primary
DMLTP
18/6/85 recognises the need for differentiating
economic
development
programmes
development programmes, This is primary to
the concept of DMLTP
and
difference
unless
providing
whereby
participants
economic
economic
programme
could
can
recognise
the
to
and providing
resources
are
resources
be
socio-economic
and
a
few
considered
a
a
system
the
DMLTP
Primary to
this,
many,
many,
to
available
non-starter.
is the need for people who are participating
again,
between
in
the
at all levels,
DMLTP
to be able to analyse the situation of poverty not
only
country
in
our
but
also
especially
in
their
structures.
Such an analysis would
serve
the purpose,
determining
the
DMLTP
by
of
understanding
people and gauging the impact of the DMLTP.
an
analysis,
the evaluation
also needed
various
Besides,
to
local
both,
of
levels
of
making such
see whether,
if an
anlysis. was made, the participants were putting it into practise.
As an example while
in many
instances
could be noted
that
a
the group which was oppressing the
vilage
head-man
weakest
people of the village,
was part of
it
the project personnel had
close
and friendly contacts with such head-men, without bringing up the
problems
created
by
the head-men's alignments.
Before the
commencement of the evaluation, it was felt that with two years
DMLTP, there would be some impact at the general level
of active DMLTP,
of
the
villagers,
discussions.
It
was
which
could
also
also
felt
that
be
elicited
possibly
by
interviews
group
with
. . 18.
18
i . e.
non-officials of DMLTP,
the
DMLTP
programmes,
people who had not participated
in
would also result in some feed back on the
effect of DMLTP.
During the course of the evaluation,
it was found that it was too
high an expectation, and therefore this third group
thinking on
In the original
the
of
the
organisation
dropped.
evaluation it was felt that the
impact and understanding could be
heads
was
checked at
the
as
such
three
levels;
Bishops,
the
Dioceasan
Directors or Boards of secular organisations; secondly, the DMLTP
participants and workers, meaning the extension
as
well
7
people
the
had
who
participiated
level iworkers
in
DMLTP
training
programmes; and thirdly the general public such as panwallas,
level
Government
where
DMLTP
involved
who
etc.etc.
were
living
in
low
areas
had been conducted but were not directly
training
the
in
officials
as
training
As
process.
mentioned
earlier,
this
third group was dropped on the basis of early experiences.
The pragmatic part of the evaluation as laid down in document 311
of
18/6/1985
on page
9.
’pre-test and post-test'
i. e.
survey information, was found
a
defective
one
and was
base line
therefore
not usable. The base-line survey report format was found unusable
for
three
reasons.
Firstly,
most
unclear on when and how it should
had
them
filled
it up
the
of
be
the
filled up,
given. Secondly,
were
not
responses
group
it was
not
information conveyed
base-line
were
number
of
therein was
of
survey
format
possible to co-relate the information
the problems of finding this kind of information
apparently
clear
would probably be
leaders.
Although a
used.
little significance. Where more than one
was
project-partners
In
through
out.
In
coloured by the
individual
situations
a
group
situation
responses given
it
would
take
by
a
tremendous amount of man power to find out answers to the various
questions
asked
collating them.
in
the
It would
base-line format from individuals, and
be even more difficult repeating this .
. . 19.
19
the
with
Thirdly,
sending
out
months,
of
the
routinely
every
III ,2
The Regional ConsuItations :
base
line
was even
clarity on when and how it should be filled.
Prior
to
the
six
visits
to
the
there
field
projects
survey
greater
f ormat
lack
of
the course of the
in
evaluation, regional consultations were held in each of the three
regions, starting with the South, going to the
North
and finally
to North-East as under :
Southern Region
Kerala, Tamilnadu,
Karnatakkand Andhra
Pradesh.
Northern Region
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh,
Punjab and
Delhi.
North - Eastern Region
Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal and North
Eastern States.
In
each
of
evaluation,
nature of
the
its
outlook
the evaluation
groups and were involved
topics.
The
first
apart;
apart
consultations,
was
and
methodology
explaining
from
f rom
and
the
participants
the
itself, the attendees were broken into
in group discussions on four dif ferent
the
of
impact
DMUTP,
the
second,
the
problems in implementating DMLTP and related solutions, the third
on
continuity of DMLTP,
outside
financial
rnodif i cat ions
would
discussing the
assistance
be
would
required
in
financing plan etc. and in the fourth,
of DMLTP to
questions
as
to whether
be
required
and
what
the
programme,
cost
and
the question of continuity
discuss questions on requirement of assisatance, for
what period, contribution by project holder and beneficiries etc.
While the reports of consultations
are
attached
as
annexures
to
. .20.
20
report,
this
few points which
a
came out in the discussions are
shown below :
In the group discussion on
III.2.i
social
field,
the
impact of
the
DMLTP
in
the
South and the North both made specific mention
of caste problems and problems of women,
while the North-East did
not.
In
of
terms
mentioned
impact
in
reduction
of
fields,
economic
malpractises
the
and
North
specif ically
corruption,
which
the
other two regions did not.
)
impact,
In the field of political
North-Eastern region for
the
some reason included womens development. The North-Eastern region
also
included
role
through role-play,
cultural
taking an initiative
women
fields
important
play an
gatherings
social
dramas,
to
etc.
in
the
as
part of
signficant was
that
both
conf rontation
was
put
down
as one of the negative impacts of
DMLTP.
the
North
and
the
Again
political
leaders
and
the positive impact, what was rather
in
The
South
conf rontation
negative factors in so far as
concerned.
North
the
significance
the
of
felt
with
South,
social
opposition
group
the politicians were
impact
political
this must
the
and
be
of
noted
DMLTP was
in so far as
the understanding of DMLTP is concerned.
III.2.ii
of
the
In the
"Problems
the discussions
f ear
of
one
transf er
of
faced
of
and
related
solutions'*
the significant common
trained
staff,
section
factors was
particularly
in
the
agreement
was
Diocecan structure.
III.2.iii In
group
discussion
three,
while
the
general that DMLTP should continue, what was significant was that
while the South stated that the DMLTP target groups would be
according
the
to
the
target groups
documentation on the DMLTP,
of
people
should
be
the North felt that
lay-leaders
f rom
rural
. . 21 .
(c> < library
i oi
a q
(
AND
1 r
documentation ) r
21
areas, children, most vulnerable section of the society, and
DMLTP groups, and the North-East group felt that women, local
leaders like Sarpanch and Mukhias, and Government officials like
Block development officers should also be included. The questions
of structure were tackled in three different ways by the three
different regional groups. The South felt the existing structure
should be retained with an addition of local advisory committees,
at central level for coordination between groups working for
similar objectives. The North felt that the socio-economic
structure of the community should be identified and the existing
structure should be simplif ied. And the North-East felt that
detailed information of the various Government schemes for
assistance should be included.
III.2.iv
In
the
group discussions continuity of DMLTP f inance
etc. (discussion 4) there seems to be uniform thinking that ca. 3
years extension is necessary for the DMLTPs.
Comments 8 suggestions based on the Regional Consultations are
included in the Chapters on Analysis 8 Recommendations (Chapters
IV & V).
III.3
Field visits :
The field visits were made by the Chief Evaluator
Accompanied by : Mr.
Reddy of I.G.S.S.S.
M.O.
Peter,
Mr.
as under :
Vincent George,
Mr.
Inna
In Alleppy Diocese from 13th to 16th June 1986 covering the
Diocese dif Chellanam South,
Khandakhadav ,
(East),
Manacadem
Manassery,
Velapally,
Omanapuzha (incl.
(incl. Thanpoly,
Pollathic,
Vallor), Arthuntal (incl Azheekal 8 Ottamassery),
Punnapra South, Vadaikaul, Vattal.
Punapra North,
. . 22 .
I
22
1
of I.G.S.S.S.
Accompanied by Mr. P.Gasp?-^
June
From 17th to 20th
i)
(also on
Vahaikkulam
Chinna
Kurullikulam,
18.6.86),
Rural
staff, and discussion with Fr.
ii)
the Malarchi
Trust
Meenakshipuram ,
Vappankulam,
discussions with Prabhakaran,
Vahiakkulam,
Nettur,
and Mujib
Murli
covering
1986
centre,
Diocesen
Palayyankottai
Kalandai Raj.
From 21st to 2nd June 1986 - Vellore Diocese covering M.C.H.
Group,
Arockiaswamy,
Fr.
Vaddakamedu
(leprosy
patients),
Christianpet women group and Kondakuppam Sri Lanka refugees.
From 23rd to
24th
June
1986
-
Vellore
Diocese
covering
DMLTP
contact person meeting, Allikadepatti , Fr. Arockiaswamy.
iii) From
25th
Archdiocese
June
27th
to
Swantatra nagar,
June
covering
the
Bangalore
REDS, Ozur Pandai.
Covering the Northern area visits Accompanied by Mr. M.B.Fernandez of I.G.S.S.S.
From 11th July 1986
Jose Malakkal,
to
12th
Fr. Thomas,
July at the Agra Archdiocese
Fr.
Fr.
Ignatius, St. Peters College.
Accompanied by Mr.
M.B.Fernandez & Ms. Amita Chakravorthy (15 th
only) of I.G.S.S.S.
:
From 15th July to
16th
Sweeper colony,
July -
Gram Niyojan Kendra
covering the
Jatwara and discussions with women motivators.
Accompanied by Ms. Annie Jayaraj and Ms.
Succowrine Albuqerque of
I.G.S.S.S.
On
17th
July
-
Archdiocese
Delhi
-
covering
Nandnagar,
Trilokpuri, Pratiksha office and Jehangirpura .
. . 23 .
5
23
Covering the North-Eastern areas visited Accompanied by Mr. L.D.
Rozareo
Bhagalpur Diocese from 25th to 28th July -
i)
Parish,
Chakai
Parish,
Family
Convent,
Avila
Convent
Parish,
covering
Harimora Parish,
Parish,
Mt.
Bhawan,
Convent,
Periyat
Clarist
Mercy
-
Giridih
Carmel School, Holy
Hospital,
St.
Joseph's
Godda
Godda,,
Dakoita,
Mangare, Dakoita (Santhals), Bishop Urban Me Garry.
From the
ii)
29th
covering Rajaun,
- Bhawanipur,
to
July
of
Patwa,
31st
July
-
Bhagalpur
Sewa,
Dhoraiya, Habipur, Manoharpur,
-
Sharjapur
Raghopur Tikai and discussions with Sewa staff.
iii) From 1st to
-
3rd August
Tura area
covered
Tura ,
Mendal
Shillong - Bosco Reachout and Nangpoh.
During the Alleppy Diocesan visits a project visit report format
was worked out covering
the
questions
raised
the
original
visit
reports
in
questionnaire which is also attached as an annexure.
III .4
Questions arising from the field visits :
Besides
have
giving
the
information these
primary
following questions
understand the
causes
about
project
poor;
poor;
the
of poverty? What
do
How
the
group
do they see the possible
approaches are to overcome these? What do the group think DMLTP
stands for? What do they see as the ultimate objective/ target
group of DMLTP? What do they see as
do
they see
as
the
short comings
improving
DMLTP?
regarding
support f rom
Besides
of the evaluating
the
I.G.S.S.S.
person
same
format
the
staff members
form
Evaluator
of
this,
was
the
approach
and what ways do they see for
achievements
and
the
a part of
assisted
I.G.S.S.S.
of DMLTP? What
and
and
information
comments and analysis
this
report.
Using
the
with evaluations made by
the
coverage
by
these
is
given below :
I
■
u
I
. . 24 .
2^
Mr . M.O.Peter and Mr. Vincent George :
Project
:
0athery Diocese
f rom 21st
Chingeri
wards),
Kolagappara,
(5
to
25th
Cheeral
86 covering :
June
Parish
(5
wards),
Kallonikernnal Mahila Sama jam 8 Kammana (5 wards).
Mr. M.O.Peter :
Project : Chanda Diocese - covering Koprali and Ambala
Mr. P Gasper
Project - Madkere Parish from Sth August to 11th Aug 86. covering
Mercara,
Parish,
Kaushalnagar
Chamrajnagar
8
Yediyur
Sonwarpet,
Thomayarpallayam
Parish,
parish,
Mangala
parish,
Cowdalla
parish and meeting with Fr. Becket D'Souza.
Mr . B.Inna Reddy
Pro ject
Grama
Community
Sir i
19th
f rom
organisers
15
June
v i11ages
eo
21st
Pedda
June
86
covering
Polugavaripalam
(5
villages 8 11 villages).
Project
:
Sambalpur Diocese
f rom
from
3rd Aug
to
4th Aug covering
Ruglinnal Tholakotta DMLTP functionaries
Ruglinnal Tholakotta Non DMLTP group
Badamal
DMLTP functionaries
Badamal
non DMLTP group.
Dr. L. D'Rozario
Project
Dibrugarh Diocese
8th Aug
Disc. with Fr. Sebastian
. .25.
25
Project
Bangiya
Unnayan
12th
Parishad
Aug
Mr.
-Disc.
Mukherjee.
MR.M.B.Fernandes
Project Goa Archdiocese - 25th Aug 86 - Pernem
16 th Aug
86
Bavda,
Project : Jabalpur Diocese - 26th Aug
86
Motinala,
Project
Ra jkot
Diocese
Raithanpur
8-
Bhu j.
Kurela
and
Balpur.
III.5
Compilation of field visit reports :
The findings reported in the fiald visits are compiled below :
The poor :
A.
How does the group understand the causes of poverty?
1.
Politics cause and sustain poverty.
2.
Industrialists and businessmen cause and sustain poverty.
3.
Not enough work for all.
4.
Only seasonal work availability.
5.
Laziness
6.
Lack of leadership to guide poor.
7.
Lack of awareness of rights and facilities.
8.
Lack of equipment needed for employment.
9.
Lack of education.
10 .
Alcoholism.
11.
Superstition .
12.
All Government and bank resources go to the rich.
. .26.
26
13.
Surp1us labour.
14.
Small holdings without irrigation/drought prone areas / poor
soil.
15 .
Overpopulation.
16 .
Large-scale corruption.
17 .
Fate .
18.
Exploitation
officials,
rich
by
bank
(including
of f icials,
contractors,
middlemen)
and
other
Government
religious
groups.
19.
I1Iness.
20 .
Non-remunerative price of agricultural products.
21 .
Frequent crop failure.
22.
Indebtedness 8 concurrent exploitation by money lenders.
23.
Extravagance in social functions.
24 .
25 .
Non-implementation of Govt. programmes e.g. minimum wages.
Caste discrimination.
26 .
Lack of self confidence.
27.
Rising costs of living.
B.
//hat do they see as the possible approach to overcome these?
1
Organisation of the poor.
2
Setting up of work opportunities.
3
Using Government programmes for the poor.
4
Good water availability for farmimg.
5
Facilities for (higher) education.
6
Drought relief programmes.
Adult and non-formal education.
8
Population control.
9
Supplementary income sources.
10
Setting up adequate health facilities.
11
Setting up (centralised) collective marketing of
agricultural produce.
. . 27 .
21
12 .
Storage
facilities
for
produce
(e.g.
agril
produce,
f ish
etc.) for optimising prices.
13 .
Small savings programmes.
14.
Acquiring 8 developing land for the poor.
15.
The teaching of improved agricultural practices.
16.
Self-employment schemes.
17 .
Adequate
legislation
(against
hoarders,
etc. )
and
its
a
view
to
enf orcement.
D.M.L.T. P.
C.
1.
What do the group think DMLTP stands for?
creation
Awareness
in
the
masses
to
learn
with
organisation.
2.
Getting
people
together
about
employment
programmes.
3.
Imparting knowledge aimed at improving economic situation of
the poor.
4.
Leadership training.
5.
Adult education.
6.
Improving the situation of the poor.
7.
A programme to help people to help themselves.
8.
Total integrated development of the people.
9.
A programme for forming labour unions.
D.
What do they see as the ultimate objective/target group of
DMLTP.
1.
To
give the
poor equal opportunities for development in the
future.
. . 28 .
T
u
28
2.
To help the poor to find work/funds.
3.
To improve the survival situation of the poor and needy.
4.
5.
To continue adult education particularly for women.
To organise village Sangams.
6.
To build a just and peaceful society.
7.
To provide
society.
8.
To redeem the situation of poverty.
9.
To form labour unions 8 consumer co-operation.
10.
To bring about a situation of self-sufficiency.
E.
What do they see as the approach of DMLTP.
1.
To
teach
all
people
round
to
development
understand
of
the
situations
individual
before
and
tackling
them.
2.
To provide information on Government employment schemes.
3.
To put up finance for employment schemes.
4.
To motivate people to realise and link up with others having
similar problems.
5.
To train people to form groups which can then gain access to
resources and become responsible.
6.
To bring the poor together for discussion leading to action.
7.
To build awareness among the poor.
8.
To reach the poorest of the poor.
9.
To organise cultural activities.
F.
What do they see as the shortcomings?
1.
It is a slow process and some immediate relief is necessary.
2.
Non provision of finance for employment creation.
3.
Women animators are not provided.
. .29.
H
29
4.
It is of too short a duration.
5.
Animator training is inadequate.
6.
Lack of time for the trained local leaders to extend DMLTP.
7.
Lecture
methods
are
inadequate
to
motivate
the
semi
literate.
8.
G.
1.
There are no concrete programmes built in.
What ways do they see for improving DMLTP?
To
some
provide
immediate relief for which the organisation
is being formed and strengthened.
2.
To provide finance for creating employment opportunities.
3.
To have more training/exposure .
4.
To consciously include women.
5.
To include adult education inputs.
6.
To provide lady animators.
7.
To provide technical expertise and materials
such
as
audio-
visual aids.
8.
To provide periodic refresher training.
9.
To appoint more paid animators.
10.
To provide support for action programmes.
11 .
To set up dernonstrations/demonstration plots.
H.
Achievements
1 .
Building of wells.
2.
Obtaining
Government
and
bank
loans
and
subsidies
for
the
poor.
3.
Setting up information centres.
4.
Setting up credit unions.
5.
Housing for poor.
6.
Building of latrines.
30.
u
30
7.
Vocational training for girls as well as boys.
8.
Career guidance centres.
9.
Rehabilitation programmes for natural calamity victims,
for natural
Provision of work centres/production units
10.
calamity victims.
11 .
Formation of labour unions.
12.
Formation of co-operatives.
13.
Legal aid.
Taught administrative skills to poor (quarry workers).
14.
15.
Obtaining
community
from
resources
Government
and
other
resource organisations.
I
16.
Increased wages (quarry workers).
17 .
Formation of village groups (Sangams).
Village administration in hands of DMLTP trained youths.
18.
19.
Starting co-operative grain stores.
20.
Helping landless get land.
Women demanding and receiving equal wages as men.
Formed all caste village advisory committees/ reduced
21 .
caste
22.
differences.
25 .
Running adult and' noni formal education centres.
social evils (alcoholism, gambling etc.).
Reduction of i-----Reduction of corruption.
26.
Organised group action.
27 .
Setting up of grain banks.
Gaining access to Government schemes (TRYSEM,
23 .
24 .
28 .
I.
IRDP etc. ) .
Support from I.G.S■S.S.(current and suggested) for the
future.
1.
I. G . S . S . S .
should
provide
more
finance
f or
employment
related schemes.
2.
i.G.S.S.S.
should
provide
more
training
inputs
and
support
to
infrastructural supports.
3.
I.G.S.S.S.
should
provide
solidarity
and
strengthen women's groups.
4.
I.G.S.S.S. should extend the terms of the DMLTP.
. . 31 .
I.
»
’u
31
5.
6.
I.G.S.S.S. should provide more inputs and guidance through
field staff visits.
I.G.S.S.S. should make more provision for payments of T.A.,
D.A. and honorarium to volunteers.
■j
CHAPTER IV
IV,1 The
the
In
Regional Consultation:
Consultations,
Regional
come
points
few
a
forth quite
clearly.
Firstly,
was
there
substantial
between
disparity
The
on their understanding of DMLTP.
participiants
the
various
'Role Model’
exercise in the Southern Regional Consultation brought this out
clearly,
and
idea was
the
These
presentations (commented upon earlier),
on target groups,
in the Group Discussion
substantial
included
questions
stipends to be given to participants coming to
DMLTP training sessions,
what
and
constitute positive
negative
impact of DMLTP etc.
Secondly,
and to
the need for
quite
extent
some
I.G.S.S.S.
clearly
a corollary to the first point,
as
clarify
to
inputs
This also gives
expressed.
these
rise
to
problems
was
questions
of
it
in
largely
by
what groups should be supported for DMLTP, and, to look at
a
positive
information,
Thirdly,
which
light
groups
need
support,
dialogue and analysis at a pre-DMLTP stage.
there
whi le
was
total
unanimity
the
on
need
for
continuation of support for DMLTP, the question of duration needs
to
be
considered.
year
extension
It
is questionable whether
suggested
an
was
honest
the
two
to
three
expression
of
self-sufficiency, probability, or was coloured by what the groups
This
evaluator
because,
at
is
local
inclined
(improbable
objectives of
DMLTP)
local
,
to
feel
getting
level,
local "haves”,
enough
expectation of the funding group,
a probable time
felt would be
that
it
was
the
latter
support for continuation from
though this might be, considering the
would
be
self-defeating;
and
creating
economic growth amongst the poorest of the poor to
support the programme is also improbable.
. . 33 .
I
33
IV.2 Field visits
In the course of the evaluation two common factors came to light.
The first was
in the
that
of evaluating
course
particular
the
project area, a certain pattern emerged and it could be discerned
the
within
first
two
days
three
of work.
The second
was
there was a great commonality in the information coming
in
that
f rom
What came through very strongly right
the various field visits.
from the onset was the fact that the analysis of the situation o<
poverty, and particularly consideration of the social factor?.
in the
involved
socio-economic
very shallowly made,
the
visits
Since this was a
the
made,
situation of
common factor
being
exceptions
certain groups was
in
the
individuals (but not in the case of groups),
to
take a closer
case
of
of
a few
necessary
It became
ir
look at the expectations in the original DMLTP
programme. The first point that
question
of
whether
the
time
supposed
to
perform
was
a
pertinent
in most
question
attitudinal changes
frames
in
which
realistic one.
is
one
because
as
deserves to be looked at,
This
trying
demanded by DMLTP
the
in
is the
DMLTP
becomes
was
a
very
to
bring
two
year period,
a
and this is very unrealistic considering that there
are
about
least
at
5000 years of recorded history to show how the attitudes had been
built and maintained.
of inputs available
1
”We
All”
Secondly,
through all
one must consider the question
persons
involved
in the
DMLTP.
include
the staff of I.G.S.S.S. at all levels, members
of the Governing body of I.G.S.S., Members of the DMLTP Advisory
and
Committee
related
to
seeming
contradictions
programme
and at
staff
In
specific
in
ov/n futures
same
I.G.S.S.S.
the
terms,
in which people
the
of
who
are
not
to
be
paid
Some attention does need
DLMTP.
I.G.S.S.S.
their
other
is
policies
feasible
are being involved
by optimising
time,
it
programme
the
use
making resources
of
directly
in
to
resources
many cases duplications of resources which should
be
the
within
promote
trying
available,
to
a
to find
available
which
are in
provided
to
people by existing organisations like the Government, Banks, etc.
s
i
1
. . 34.
34
To delve a bit deeper into this, one must consider whether
project support is concurrent with the aims and
additional
objectives of DMLTP. A change in the socio-economic conditions of
the downtrodden, using mass organisation and mass movements can
be approached in three ways: One approach would be to try and
change the system from within; for example, getting the Sarpanch
or Gram Savak to perform his or her task in favour of the weakest
segment of their village. Second is to approach the core problem
on an issue basis; for example, getting people freed from bond or
getting them minimum wages. A third approach would be to use a
service for people as an entry point and ultimately development;
as an example Mahila Mandals formed and encouraged to start a
kindergarten whose financing would be
taken
over
by the
Government after successfully running it for a year, would
require, apart from the organisational costs, a small input for
the service of kindergarten to be run for a year or two till the
women.’ s group can induce the Government to take over its running.
The first approach has its obvious limitations, and has not yet,
to this Evaluator's knowledge been effective anywhere in the
country. The second case, while the issues can be tackled by mass
organisation, organised on the
theme of the issue, the failure
rate has been high because the causes from which the issues arise
have not been tackled. As an example of this, freeing people from
bond has sometimes had a very negative effect because without
creating a structure which will help the people meet their needs,
the next time they have a financial crisis, the people would
then have to go back to a money lender, and this would be putting
them in a position even worse than the one, they were originally
in. Experience has shown that the third approach has usually been
the most effective because it has allowed the organisation to
grow strong on simple victories, to a point where it can tackle
more difficult ones, with confidence. The other approach, which
is non organisational and by which people’s needs are met by an
organisation other than the one,
whose
job it is to meet those
needs, prevents people from gathering strength and bring about
change by themselves, and this is the issue which will have to be
thought through, at length in policy making.
Ii
II
I
. . 35 .
3
' • -.Si? " ’•I’- <;v
■■■■- '•
• ><.
•3
35
IV.3 Roles of I.G.S.S.S and DMLTP projects :
The next question in this analysis would be the question of who
would be providing the kind of inputs necessary to the DMLTPs
reaching a point where local leaders can make their own analysis
effictively and act on them.
Obviously, this would have to be
the three tier system; the I.G.S.S.S.’s with adequately trained,
motivated and supported staff, who would then go to the second
level which is the groups which are being supported under
DMLTPs., and pass on the benefits of information, knowledge,
training, etc. to them; and they would, in turn, pass this on to
the identified local leaders, which is the primary objective of
the DMLTP in any case.
Within the frame work of the observations and analysis, too, one
.hould see the very positive factors which have emerged from the
first two years of the DMLTP. In a number of the organisations
involved in the DMLTP, two very positive first steps have been
taken: that of getting people to come together, especially the
neediest, and discuss and find solutions to their own problems;
^d that of helping them to fulfill their actual immediate needs
even though the perspective may be short term. Considering this,
and considering that within the problems of time frames mentioned
earlier, a fair bit of good has emerged from the programme, the
first two years of DMLTP support should be seen in the nature of
Influx of
a starting point, and not in the nature of ’the end’,
These
motivation and changes in attitude have many variables.
should be realised and care should be taken that the DMLTP
programme does not in fact become a ’formulae’ programme, but has
built within itself, enough flexibility to permit variations on
the primary theme of leadership creation and attitudinal change
creation of analysis and action.
Attached to this report are two annexures, the list of analysis
in the case of one non-church programme and one Diocesan
. .36.
■
36
programme
seen
in
annexures 2
a negative
and
light,
3.
The
but
case
studies
should
not
be
the
grounds
for
largely
point
out
a
to
should provide
future directions of the DMLTP programme.
IV. 4 General:
While
the
problems
earlier
of
sections
of
planning
and
DMLTP
this
chapter
execution,
there
is
need
examine the past,, present and future scenarios, Had there been no
DMLTP programme of I.G.S.S.S., a few of the current projects
would have run a DMLTP programme with funds from other sources.
a number of projects are already doing so, and
and have
have been
done earlier to the I.G.S.S.S.programme, without having been part
Indeed,
of the
I.G.S.S.S.
-
DMLTP.
Some of the
current
DMLTP
projects
actually started their work before the formal programme, and the
formal programme has helped them to continue. The introduction of
the DMLTP by I.G.S.S.S. has, however, brought in a number of
groups who were not yet committed to this approach and this needs
to be seen as a very positive contribution.
The present position is one in which a number of DMLTP programmes
are being watched and discussed by groups who are not yet
committed one way or the other, who are open to the idea.
It is the future, however, which shows the greatest potential
by
virtue of its coverage of the country through the various Church
groups, and by extending its work to cover the secular,
and more
particularly
grass-root groups.
I.G.S.S.S.
is
in
a
position
to
evoke a nation wide movement not only by direct support but also
by facilitating a networking of DiMLTP type programmes, throughout
the country, The poor can have access to their rights , only if
they are organised in sufficient number to have a voice
in
receiving these, With rights go responsibilities, and these need
to form a very necessary part of DMLTP and networking
efforts to
avoid replacing one oppressive group by another new
group of
oppressors.
. . 37 .
!
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
V. 1
Conclusions
The
objectives
in
document
assess
and the content of evaluation have been laid down
' 2 ’ dated 11.4.1986. The f irst objective was to
In many ways the impact of DMLTP in
impact of DMLTP.
the
The
terms of material change has been very good,
however,
have been
in terms
from' the
problem arises
DMLTP had very different
of attitudinal
fact that
the
change,
various
comings,
short
Part of the
participants
in
of what the objectives of DMLTP,
ideas
both, short and long term were. This Evaluator feels
that within
the time frame and within the scope of change from normal methods
work to the methods
of
of work and directions
shown
by
DMLTP,
there is more than enough justification for extending the work of
DMLTP programme and strengthening it. As mentioned earlier in
this report, the time frame is something which really requires
in
looking at. When one is working with the poorest people
society,
both
in
economic and
social
terms,
terms, one would be having
totally unrealistic expectations if one were to feel
that
in
two
years time :-
a.
The
attitudes
of
the down trodden be changed to an attitude
of coming together and gaining what is theirs by right;
b. That within this process enough of an economic change would be
brought to allow them a better economic standing within their own
community group.
c.
That
this
attitudinal
social
combination
of
economic
change
and
would
and
economic
change,
be
adequate
to
or
provide
finance for the support of the continuation of the programme like
DMLTP.
Some
of
the
recommendations
being made
below
are
specif ic,
and
some are general.
. .38.
. . 38 .
I
38
:
It would be upto the Board and Management and Staff of I,
,S.S,S.
to assess them and implement them.
V. 2
General Recommendations :
1. As
I.G.S.S.S at the policy making
earlier
mentioned
level
would really need to make hard decisions on how committed
to dmltp,
the
If
stance
DMLTP.
is one of support to the DMLTP, it would be
necessary to provide the inputs needed for an
of
across
putting
and
understanding
members of I.G.S.S.S. at all levels.
that
is
and in relations to this, what kind of other programmes
supports are compatable with the concept of
2.
it
a
such
is
process
accelerated by certain
not
a
tools.
the
project to
the
in
the
Staff
From experience one knows
very
fast
example,
For
improvement
one,
but
from
time
it
can
be
time
to
certain cases of social injustiadkvery openly manifest themselves
within
the
together
recent
It would be worthwhile for the Scaff to get
country.
and discuss the
Muslim
Women’s
issues
Divorce
involved.
Bill
As
an
should have
been
should be debated for its rightness and wrongness,
of the Staff judged,
and
the
still
and the stance
as well as their attitudes in a situation of
terms of training for
this nature. Direct inputs in
situations
example,
of oppression and poverty,
as well
as
analysis
of
supplimentary
inputs to discussion groups as mentioned earlier could be some of
the tools in use.
3.
DMLTP in the field would then require to receive the inputs,
which the trained staff can provide.
This would
mean,
to
a very
large extent, decentralisation of staff to provide field support.
Such
staff would
between project
also need
to be
support which
is
able
valid
to make
in
the
the
distinction
context
of
DMLTP
and that which is. not.
4;
Both
the
Church groups and non-Church groups have their own
stf&ngth and weaknesses. The Church groups have as a strengthen
. . 39.
I
39
organisation
encompassing
covering
almost
all
of
India fairly
thoroughly. Their shortcomingis that they are largely aimed at
the Catholic population of the country and therefore,
are
f requently thin on the ground in areas with a low Catholic
population, but where a great deal of work is necessary. On the
other hand the nOn-Church organisations as a strong point usually
cover all the needy. Their short coming arises from the fact that
they
poor
have
organisation,
limited
geographical
areas
and
not enough in terms of men and material to cover the
needs of DMLTP. Ideally, the Church groups should be encouraged
frequently,
to
include non-Church groups
within their fold in DMLTP support
programmes. This would not mean depriving the non-Church groups
of their independence and integrity, but rather providing them
the net-working which the Diocese can afford to do and to a
certain extent access
Church can
also use
to their resources .
the
On the other hand the
inputs which they provide.
Within
the
Church structure also there would be two recommendations :
(i)
That
the
Church
not
see
DMLTP as a programme which must
encompass the entire Church covered area, but limit it to those
areas where the Church staff have the necessary committment,
understanding and desire to work on the programme.
DMLTP is not
repeat not
a programme which can be run like a factory, Its
success or failure depends entirely on the motivation and
committments of the persons who carry it out.
(ii) Once
such
persons are found within the Church structure,
they be allowed to stay on and carry out this work without fear
of transfer for atleast a three year period.
5.
faced
The heads
with
inclusion
in
of
the
the
Church or
possible
non-Church groups should be clearly
consequences of DMLTP before
their
DMLTP
programme is finalised, although on more
than one occassion the field level people felt that even
without
the support from the top they could mobilise enough people's
. .40.
I
40
5 ’
support at this point,
to face any problems which might
crop
up,
support from the top is always better.
6.
should
I.G.S.S.S
also
one
as
include
of its objectives the
net-working of groups who are involved in the DMLTP programme,
that a smaller group can be the core of a
Facing the social
realities
of the
so
larger mass movement.
country real development and
real change can only come about if there
is enough
of
a mass
in
Political will can only be created by the
support of such change.
masses.
While the
7.
document
311
is
18.6.1985
of
very
clear
on both
the objectives and methodologies of DMLTP, it is apparent Trom
field work experience that this document has not. been properly
analysed and absorbed, by the groups involved in DMLTP.
handled,
I-
.t- ■ ;
•.
3 •
This clarification should be taken up on a priority basis.
the lack of co-ordination
On going through various material,
8.
the
between
administration
participiants
frequently
correspondence
provide a
project
division,
accounts,
accounts,
and
the
of
analysis
one
project
between
two
division,
show ; themselves.
number of such examples.
DMLTP
&
I.G.S.S.S.
An
Key personnel
and project also show a certain amount of confusion when
persons
from project group one visited project group two programme just,
after say, a visit by a project group two staff member. This
should be minimised and.co-ordination increased.
seems
There
9.
While
a
formats have
tendency to
reduce
their advantages,
in
f ormat.
everything
to
a
case
of
programmes
the
like DMLTP,
they really great ly reduce the information inflow. A
lot
very
of
the
interesting,
inf ormation
information
available
from ..field
visits could equally have been conveyed in the form of reports if
formats would not be observed.
base-line
survey
lack
Similarly,
in
the
of clarity on the contents
case
of
of
the
the format
. . 41 .
J
41
and its uses came in the way of
its being
included' in
group
the
of the current evaluation.
10.
Finally, when the financial implications of DMLTP extensions
are
being
available
drawn
up,
cover
to
enough
all
the
financial
inputs
points
mentioned
earlier.
should
be
made
The
feels that it is not within the scope of evaluation to
actually draw a Budget.
evaluator
V. 3
Specific Recommendations :
i)
The
DMLTP
programme
of
programme
I.G.S.S.S.
should
be
continued
as
a
Board of
the
I.G.S.S.S.
and
the
primary
and accorded the highest priority within
the organisations.
ii)
The members of
the
DMLTP
advisory committee
should go into all the implications, analyse
and assess these. The overall implications in terms of the
possibilities of repercussions from an outside the organisation
as DMLTP begins to succeed should be clearly understood. Unless
I.G.S.S.S.
stands
behind
the
programme
totally,
the
programme
cannot succeed.
The implications within the organisation are manifold :
a)
The
the
concept of
programme
the
support policy should
linked to
Any programme support should first be
DMLTP.
tested
to
see whether
access
to
the
it
be directly
diffuses
the
concept of
the
people’s
existing resources to which .they have a right, and
whether it increses the existing disparity in assets and power of
the 'haves and have-nots'.
. . 42 .
I
I
i
j
42
b)
If I.G.S.S.S
believes
the existing oppressive
internal
structures
non-heirarchical
in
the need
policies.
structure,
DMLTP
it needs
structures ,
and
for
As
to
break
down
to analyse its own
an
example,
daily
allowances
flexible enough to
standardised, modes of transport
the right to be heard universalised.
in
a
should
suit
be
needs,
This may sound rather
but
theoratical
the recommendation is to initiate a process of
attitudinal change as a pre-requisite to actual changes.
c)
Decentralisation should mean a growth in field staff, with
enough in-built flexibility but also adequate in-built controls,
■i
to optimise a nationwide coverage of DMLTP. While this evaluator
feels that the field staff at present are of excellent quality,
their number needs to be strengthened. Selection of the field
staff
should
masses
of our country, their analytical capacity,
be
more
based
on
their
identif ication
with
the
their capacity
for learning and communication, rather than paper qualifications,
The selection process should be designed to evaluate the above
factors rather than exclusively book knowledge.
d)
Concurrent
continuous
with
in-service
organisation.
Such
institutions
such
movements etc.
there
training
training
as
communications),
I.G.S.S.S.
this,
both
is
in
necessary
of all
staff
Bill ' ,
'The
the
analysis)
periodic meetings
Voluntary Agencies Bill',
without
social
process
Divorce
of
(for
in the
Women's
and
programme
resource
staff
Muslim
within
a
involve
I.S.I.
also
be
could
participiation
It
should
to
involve
discuss
The
Code
all levels
could
questions
of
implications of
or
CENDIT(for
workshops/seminars
and one means
to
persons
and
of
be to have
like
the
Conduct for the
the large outlay
for voluntary agencies in the Seventh Five Year plan' etc.
e)
I.G.S.S.S.
if
seriously considers decentralisation in terms
of a larger field force, should also seriously consider the
merging of all the field tasks at f ield level. This becomes
necessary to avoid conflict of interest.
...43.
I
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1
At
f)
f ield
training
: 43 :
level
as
well
to
be
supplemented
needs
This would mean regional
as
as
Central
at
well
level,
the
need
f or
by
the need for
networking.
as
central
level
workshops/
seminars / training programmes. At the early stages they would be
in
more
of
terms
DMLTP
understanding
(as,
even
during
the
evaluation, a number of groups were not aware that DMLTP training
could be considered for follow up to earlier training programmes,
for
the
same
groups
or
smaller
groups
selected
from
earlier
participants) .
A small
but vital point in training programmes would be the role
of Government organisations in social justice. This would include
not only questions as to what
segments
of the
be contacted,
IRDP,
ICDP,
the
but
also what
programmes
of
Public
interest
legislation
etc.
Government
should
Government,
are
i . e.
conducive
to
f or
in
DMLTP growth and how.
iii) Considering
the
above,
the
funding
pattern
DMLTP
future should consider :
a)
Training cost for I.G.S.S.S.
b)
Support costs for Central and field staff.
c)
Support for one national
staff.
level, tcbo
regional
level
meetings
including input components per year.
d)
Longer term support of DMLTP programmes. The need to promote
atleast a modicum of security (five years atleast) for animators,
project
staff to
ensure quality of local DMLTP workers should be
obivious. Numbers of local staff will also need to be considered.
e)
Costs for inputs of documentations and communicative aids at
all levels.
f)
Support
costs
for
small
service entry points
for
people's
organisation.
I
. . 44.
44
This
evaluator would
I.G.S.S.S.
like to put on record his sincere thanks to
for affording him
the opportunity to participiate
in
this very interesting and educative evaluation. Particular thanks
are
also given to the various
individuals.
Mr.
M.0.Peter,
Mr.P.Gasper,
Mr.
Mr.Vincent
L.D.Rozario,
Ms.Aroita
trips.
George,
Ms.Annie
Mr.Inna
Jayaraj,
Ms.
Reddy,
SuccoUrine
Chakravorthy who accompanied me on
Lastly, my thanks to the President
I.G.S.S.S., the
Mr.M.Fernandez,
Albuqerque,
the
various
and
the
Board
DMLTP advisory committee members,
the
Mise reor
field
of
Resident
Representative, the Executive Director of I.G.S.S.S. ,
other I.G.S.S.S. staff and of course the managements and staff of
the projects who made the regional consultations and field visits
so instructive and interesting.
(A.D.PATEL)
(
PUNE
30.9.1986.
. .45.
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Annexure 1,
DMLTP EVALUATION
PROJECT VISIT REPORT FORMAT
Visit of
Village :
Co-ordinator :
Secretary :
Parish Priest :
Treasurer :
Members No.:
Women :
Area Information :
Population of Catholics :
Others :
Work Area (percentage)
Agriculture :
Industry :.
Fishing :
Other :
:
THE POOR :
How does the group understand the causes of poverty?
What do they see as the possible approach to overcome these?
DMLTP
What do the group think DMLTP stands for?
What do they see as the ultimate objective/target of DMLTP?
What do they see as the approach of DMLTP?
What do they see as the shortcomings?
What ways do they see for improving DMLTP?
ACHIEVEMENT :
(Please see list)
SUPPORT FOR I.G.S.S.S.
:
(Current and suggested for future)
COMMENTS/ANALYSIS OF EVALUATING PERSON
Signed :
DATE
I
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...46.
ANNEXURE:
2
A CASE STUDY - a voluntary organisation working in South
India
with Child Labour in the match industry.
The organisation
covers
five
villages with
a population of 725
families, an average family size of 7. 35% are Christians,
ca. 2%
Naidus, and the remaining 63% Harijans.
The organisation has
education
primarily
two
kinds
of
programmes,
a
programme
at
village
level
and a programme of DMLTP
aims at the child labour involved in the
of
which
match
industry. Their interest is in fighting the exploitation of child
labour by the match factory owners who are largely from Madras
and North^n India and who have a mix of
Hindus, Christians and
Muslims
amongst
them.
them.
However,
the
staff
member
who
is
responsible primarily for the DMLTP programme is of the opinion
that no child labour should be allowed at all. The Director of
the trust who works with the workers in the field feels
that
within the economic situation of this part of India atleast,
child labour is a necessity. The objective they quoted was
to
f orm
'sangams'
in
order
bring
to
owners;
to provide higher wages
industry.
to
pressure on the match industry
the
children working
in
the
On being questioned as to what the objective was , they said the
objective was to provide the children with a childhood. Af ter
some
hesitation it
was interpreted to me
children should have
an opportunity for recreation, education and health care ,
besides
the work which they are doing. The children at the moment are
being picked up by buses sent around by the match factory at ca .
4.30 to 5.30 in the morning and dropped
back
between
6
5
7
p.m.
When asked how high wages would solve the problem of the children
not getting
their
childhood,
after some prompting
they
there was
came
up
wi th
a bit of rethinking, and
the idea of forcing the
factory owners to provide them the same: wage for much less work
time , so that this time could be used f or education,
recreation
1
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47
and health.
30
to 40
Currently,
per week,
rupees
to them,
according
the children who earn
support the parents who get work
in
stone-quarries , earning about 10 Rs. per day for 10 to 15 days in
a month.
the
Although almost all
When the workers
land it is dry and unproductive,
were
Harijans in the area also hold
asked what they would be asking for
as
of
the
agency
the increment from
the match factory owners, they said they were not sure. They were
asked if they had made an analysis
of the work,
but found
places at which the
of profits
that they had not.
expenditure
occured,
at various
So,
they
listed
the
in
the
transport
and
result
which
stages
final price of paise 25 per box any where in India.
These include :
1.
Cost of the empty boxes,
2.
The
cost
of
the
including transport.
match
including
stick,
breakage.
i
3.
The cost of the labourers,
4.
The cost of the chemicals involved in making the matches.
5.
The labour component for sticking lables on the match boxes,
for putting the match heads,
including transport.
for wax dipping and
for
sticking
of
the excise labels.
6.
The cost of transportation all over India.
7t
The margins to the wholesalers and retailers.
8.
Including the 10 paise as excise to the Government.
9.
The profits to the owners of the factories.
s
. . 48.
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48
While
to
out
the costings,
for
excise,
they came
an item
which surprised them - the greatest exploiter was the Government,
who
trying
what-so-ever.
demands,
paise
10
took
work
They
therefore
should go
these
doing
without
any
work
said that when they presented their
both,
to
to
the
factory
owners
and
the
Government itself.
When
further
questioned
they
found
that
the
area
had
had
a
proposal for coverage under an irrigation programme mooted under
the British Raj
in
1936.
Before
the plans were completed second
world war started and they were shelved.
This
Kriyan dam scheme
was put up again in 1952 and squashed by the match industry.
This
analysis
showed
Child labour all
having got
a
that
probably the best way to stop
together would be
to pursue
the dam,
irrigation for the working force of the area,
position where
labour
them
the family could support
and
once
come to
itself without
child
from the earnings from their farms in the farming season,
horticulture
with
coconut
palm
etc.,
and
supplimentation
by
quarry work in the'dry season.
This basic absence of analysis and working without very clear cut
not necessarily an indictment of the project itself.
This seems to be the norm, and the project does have strength in
the way it has brought the village population together, However,
thinking
is
it underlines the need for a proper perspective and this is where
the DMLTP and I.G.S.S.S.
can provide a lot of help.
. . 49 .
1
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b.
50
area anj-they destroy plantation,
making areas they have fished,
barren for sometime to come. Service boats were earlier owned by
the richer people, and the crews were hired with a catch division
of 50% for the crew members and the major percentage for the
owner. By helping a few people to buy their own boats, they are
converting the exploiteds into the exploiters, because they too
give only the same low percentage
of the catch to
their
crew.
Again, the imported outboards can only be overhauled and repaired
by only a few ’agents’, and the economics of even the ring
service boats become untenable at some points. Support programmes
for the families of the
similar
the
traditional
reasons
traditional
for
fisher-folk include
crafts.
the
of
crafts,
replacement
etc.,
the
these
raw materials
and
very real one that the
traditional
industry will
flat on
its face due
to
only to fall
obivious
programme
and
However, no real analysis is made of
decline
by synthetic
kora grass mats
possibilities
cold
be
of
fear
is a
rejuvinated
lack of market.
Even the
regulate
fish prices, i.e.
and have not been analysed for
to
storge and ice factories
reasons of earlier failures and long term possibilities.
Both in the case of more efficient fishing crafts and equipments
and in the case of revival of traditional craft, long-term
perspectives remain unanalysed, For instance, what will be the
future
of
boats
increases
the
fishing
adequate harvest?
ten
yields
fold?
Similarly,
when the number
Will
the
sea
be
of
ring
service
able
to
provide
who will buy the traditional crafts
and to what extent?
Leaving these apart, one also needs to look at the effects of the
policy of total coverage of the Dioceses Parishes under DMLTP.
DMLTP being by nature a motivational
programme
is
totally
dependant on the motivation and skills of those who organise it.
Improperly
used,
such programmes
set back development
by years.
Is
can do
it
incalculable harm,
then, consistent with
and
the
. . 51 .
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ANNEXURE:3
Case study - of a Diocfean, DMLTP efforts in South India
under
the I.G.S.S.S. programe
One
of
the
Dioceses
in
South
India which was covered
course of the evaluation offers a good case study.
in the
The
Diocfisan head felt that the DMLTP Programmes,
should cover
the entire Diocfise — all the Parishes inclusive,
Accordingly, the
programme was orgnised to cover all the
Parishes under three
Co-ordinators.
The Objectives were:
i)
to form societies at Parish level.
ii)
to set up credit unions.
iii) to have
programmes
information
and
resources
centres
to disemminate
available
through
information
Government,
on
Banks,
etc.
iv)
to
help
the
people
to
actually
have
access
to
such
the organisational end of the programe is very
well set up, the work does not come from
a proper analysis of the
programmes.
While
social and economic causes of poverty in the area.
area. The majority
of Catholics are in the coastal area, and
involved in fishing,
The fishing Industry at- this point works at four levels; the deep
sea trawlers; the power boats working with purse service; the
power boats working inshore using ring nets, and non power craft
doing inshore fishing.
The deep sea
trawlers have the obivious
advantage of reach to
outlying fishing areas and have the power endurance to locate and
follow the schools of fish. The purse-service fishing boats have
two major disadvantages. They usually cover all the fish
in an
I
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“Il
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51
DMLTP idealogy to entrust the programme to those who have not the
slightest motivation, far less, the skills to make the programme
work, in the interest of 'coverage' ?
This case is certainly not an indictment of the ef* f orts of the
Dioceses concerned. On the contarary, the organisational work
seen was excellent. What needs to be emphasised is the need for
def inate and on-going monitoring and inputs for proper analysis
and therefore proper working and effectivity of the DMLTP.
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