SUMMARY OF RESEARCH PROJECTS
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- SUMMARY OF RESEARCH PROJECTS
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C INI—CHILD IN NEED INSTITUTE
vill~daulatpur. p.o~amgachi
via~joka. district-24 parganas
west Bengal (india) pin- 743512
________ -
COMMUNITY HEALTH
’
PREFACE
Since its inception in 1976, CINI-Child In Need
Institute's focus shifted from just providing relief
and rehabilitation services to organizing an Integrated
Service, Training and Research program in the area of
maternal and child health and development.
Working in the field for the last decade or so,
many fundamental questions came up and led us to formulate
hypothesis which needed testing. We were fortunate in
collaborating with Indian Council of Medical Research
(ICMR) and Nutrition Foundation of Indian (NFI) in study
ing some of these questions which have tremendous value
at the National level.
out some of the
relevant initial findings highlighting some of the inThis report essentially
brings
sights gained.
In the present collaborative studies all of which
are multicentric, the Institute has immensely benefitted
from the advice and guidance of experts and consultants
from both Indian Council of Medical Research and Nutrition
Foundation of Indian as well as other participating
centres and wishes to place on record its deep appreciation.
Dr.S.N. Chaudhuri
Director.
1.
TITLE OF THE PROJECT
n COLLABORATIVE STUDY ON IDENTIFICATION OF SIMPLE INDICA
TOR & DEVELOPMENT OF NUTRITION SURVEILLANCE METHOD AT
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE LEVEL"
This study was also conducted at two centres i.e. National Institute
of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad and Rohtak Medical College, Haryana.
2.
SPONSOR
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) October, 1983 - November,
1987.
3.
DURATION OF STUDY
Phase I - Cross Sectional Study - March, 1984 - May, 1985
Phase II - Longitudinal Study - May 1986 - November 1987.
4.
5.
PERSONNEL INVOLVED
Assistant Research Officer (Medical Officer)
1
Research Assistant (Nutritionist)
2
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
5.1
To assess the ability of Primary Health Care (PHC) workers
in taking anthropometric measurements.
5.2
To assess the ability of PHC workers in assessing nutritional
status using simple anthropometric indicators.
5.3
To assess the ability of PHC workers in monitoring the nutri
tional status of children.
6.
METHODOLOGY
180 PHC workers comprising of Anganwadi workers (AWW) - 75 commu
nity health guide (CHG) - 75 and multipurpose health workers (MPW) - 30,
were selected from 3 randomly selected community development blocks
(2 non-ICDS rural blocks and one ICDS urban block). After adequate
training, each worker collected information on 50 under five children
from his/her area of operation in respect of age, weight and height
of each child along with identification particulars. Each worker also
assessed the nutritional status of the same 50 children using simple
indicators such as
a)
Growth Chart (weight for age)
b)
Leanness board (weight for height)
c)
Coloured Stick (height for age)
d)
Tri colour tape (Mid upper arm circumference - MUAC)
Similar
anthropometric
measurements and use of simple indicators
for each child was carried out by the standard (Medical officer/Nutritionist)
independently.
Apart from
above
mentioned anthropometric
measurement, clinical assessment for presence of oedema, marasmus,
anaemia, Bitot's spot in each child was also carried out independently
by the PHC worker and the standard. 9,000 children in total were nutri
tionally assessed by 180 workers and 3 standards.
Analysis
Analysis of the data of cross-sectional phase was done by comparing
PHC level workers performance with that of the standard in respect
of each anthropometric measurement and simple indicator.
FINDINGS OF CROSS-SECTIONAL PHASE
7.1
Worker’s Performance in determining Child’s age
85% workers correctly determined the age of the child. No
significant inter worker difference was found.
7.2
In taking actual measurements
87%
of
workers can
measure weight correctly compared
60% MUAC measures and 37% in height recording.
to
7.3
In handling instruments
Leanness board is best handled (85.8%) by the workers followed
by tri colour tape (83.2%), coloured stick (80.7%) and growth
chart (77.2%).
7.4
Sensitivity of the instrument
Sensitivity of colour coded instrument with regard to correct
nutritional assessment is Tri colour tape Leanness board
(92.3%)
8.
Coloured stick
(84.2%)
(79%)
Growth chart
(76.2%)
LONGITUDINAL PHASE
The longitudinal phase of the study was started in May, 1986 and comple
ted in November, 1987. An ICDS block (Budge Budge-II) where cross
sectional study was also conducted was selected for this phase. In
the middle of the study, for administrative and logistic reasons, another
non ICDS block (Bisnupur-II) was also selected. Forty-eight workers
(AWW <5c CHG) in Budge Budge-II and nine CHGs in Bishnupur-II moni
tored the nutritional status of 2916 and 549 under-six children respec
tively. Infants and 'at risk' cases (severely malnourished and morbid
cases) were contacted monthly and the others were followed up quarterly.
9.
FINDINGS OF THE LONGITUDINAL PHASE
9.1
Registration and follow-up of under six children
CHGs performed better than AWWs with respect to registration
(37.23% compared to 33.83%). On the other hand AWWs were able to
sustain the children better than CHGs in subsequent follow ups.
9.2
Nutritional status of under six children and follow up performance
of AWWs and CHGs
At the beginning of the survey the nutritional status of infants
and children under AWWs was better than that of those under
the care of CHGs. The difference in nutritional status between
boys and girls was more prominent in those under CHGs' care
than those under the care of AWWs. No significant change
in
the nutritional status was observed in subsequent follow ups amongst
both types of workers.
9.3
Different nutritional status of under-six children by grades in
follow-up rounds
Forty per cent of the infants of normal nutritional grade under
the care of
AWW
deteriorated.
The
corresponding figure for
CHG was less than 20%. Forty five per cent of the severely mal
nourished infants failed to improve despite workers' intervention.
In all grades except severe malnutrition, 79 to 85 per cent of
1-6 years children maintained their nutritional status both in
the case of AWW and CHG.
9.4
Workers’ capacity in identification of faltering children and their
management
No significant difference was observed among the children of
different age groups (0-1,
1-3 and 3-6 years) with respect to
growth faltering. The AWWs were found to be more competent
than CHGs as they identified 93 per cent of actual faltering
cases compared to 54 per cent by CHGs. More than 85 per cent
of the faltering children had improved both in the case of AWW
and CHG in subsequent follow up. No significant inter-worker
difference was observed in this regard.
9.5
Growth faltering and morbidity
Of the faltering children about one-third under AWW had the
history of at least one sickness episode as compared to one-fourth
under CHGs. It was observed that more than 65% of children
had growth faltering even in the absence of any associated sick
ness. The morbidity load was maximum among infants and least
in 3-6 years age group. Diarrhoeal morbidity load was the maximum
followed by cough and fever.
9.6
Immunisation status
B.C.G. vaccination coverage was negligible (3-6 percent). Regarding
DPT and Polio vaccination among children of 6 months to 6
years of age coverage as a whole was low, but more so in the
hands of CHG as compared to AWW (39 and 33 per cent respec
tively).
9.7
Dietary habits of under six children
No difference was observed in the food habits of the children
(1-3 years) both in case of AWWs and CHGs. The most interesting
finding was that 9 and 12 per cent of the children in the age
group of 3 to 6 years under AWW and CHG respectively were
given breast feeding along with solid food.
1.
TITLE OF THE PROJECT
n EVALUATION OF NATIONAL NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA PROPHY
LAXIS PROGRAMME (NNAPP) n
This study was also conducted at 9 Centres all over India.
2.
SPONSOR
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
3.
DURATION
13 months
4.
May, 1985 - June, 1986
PERSONNEL INVOLVED
Assistant Research Officers
Medical Officer
Nutritionist
1
1
Research Assistants - 4
Social Scientist
Nutritionist
2
2
Lab. Technicians
2
Secretarial Assistant
1
Total
5.
9
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To carry out a ’Situation analysis’ of the current status of the National
Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme.
Specific Objectives
5.1
To evaluate the operational aspects of the programme.
5.2
To assess the knowledge and attitude of the functionaries involved
in the programme.
5.3
To assess the perceptions and attitude of the community (bene
ficiary) towards the programme.
5.4
To study the distribution of haemoglobin levels in the pregnant
women.
6.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
6 districts were randomly selected out of 17 districts in the state.
Two primary Health Centres (PHC) were randomly chosen from each
district followed by one sub-centre from each PHC. The sample size
comprises the population of twelve sub-centres.
6.1
Sample Size
No. of households :
10,326 (Population - 63, 180)
Pregnant mothers (beyond 24 wks. of gestation) identified for
Haemoglobin (Hb) estimation - 515
Functionaries interviewed :
6.2
Community Health Guide (CHG)
36
Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA)
20
Anganwadi Worker (AWW)
5
Multipurpose Worker (MPW)
21
Primary Health Centre Doctor
12
Dist. Family Welfare Officer
7
Addl. Jt. Director (Family Planning)
1
Data Collection
The
data
on
Socio-economic,
demographic
characteristics of
each household and knowledge and attitude of the beneficiaries
(in
each family) towards this programme were collected by
administering
household
Schedules.
Pregnant
mothers
(beyond
24 wks. of gestation period) were identified in the surveyed
population and thier Hb% level was estimated. Separate interview
schedules were administered to CHG, AWW, TBA, MPW, MO,
PHC, Dist. level Family Welfare Officer and State level Officer
to collect data on their knowledge and attitudes and their views
on the operational aspect of the programme. Secondary data
on supply and expenditure of folifer tablets and coverage of
beneficiary were collected from village level to state level.
Folifer tablets were collected from different levels for a chemical
analysis of bio availability of iron.
Data were sent to ICMR Headquarter at Delhi for central analysis.
7.
PRELIMINARY FINDINGS - (West Bengal only)
7.1
Approximately 90% of the beneficiaries have never heard about
this programme.
7.2
4% to 5% of the surveyed households have intermittently received
folifer
tablet
from
Institutions
Medical
Government
in
the
past.
7.3
70% of those who have received tablets, have never
60%
taken the prescribed doses and the reasons for that are :
irregular supply of medicine from Institution and by health
personnel.
beneficiaries
never
turned
up
for
more
supplies either
due to side effects of folifer tablet or their ignorance
about continuing the tablets.
discolouration of the tablets due to bad storing at household
level.
7.4
Follow-up by the PHC level workers
at domiciliary' level is
non-
existent.
7.5
Knowledge
of
CHGs and TBAs regarding
this programme is
veyr poor, which can be attributed to inadequate training and
non existent supervision by higher echelons.
7.6
Poor storage facility for medicines at sub-centres and PHC level.
7.7
Poor record keeping at sub-centre and PHC
level regarding
supply and expenditure of filifer tablets and beneficiary coverage
and inconsistent record maintenance at PHC and District level
in respect of supply and expenditure of medicine.
V
7.8
Pre-school and school going children never received the supply.
7.9
Haemoglobin
percentage distribution amongst
were as follows :-
pregnant women
Pregnant mothers
Less than 6 gm%
4%
6-8 gm%
23%
8-10 gm%
53%
More than 10 gm%
20%
1.
TITLE OF THE PROJECT
" WOMENS WORKLOAD A INCOME AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO
HEALTH STATUS A NUTRITION PRACTICES OF PRE-SCHOOL
CHILDREN "
It is a multicentric study conducted at 3 centres across the country
under the auspices of Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.
2.
DURATION
April, 1986 - June, 1988
3.
PERSONNEL INVOLVED
Research Officer (Medical Officer)
1
A.R.O. (Social Scientist)
1
A.R.O. (Statistician)
1
Research Assistant
6
Secretarial Assistant
1
10
Total
4.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
4.1
To assess the work pattern of underprivileged women in rural
and urban areas and compare the work pattern of working and
non working women.
assess women’s contribution
the total family
income.
4.2
To
4.3
To look into the differential child care practices amongst working
to
and non working women and its impact on health and nutritional
status of children.
4.4
To assess health and nutritional status of women, infants and
pre-school children and to study the effect of her work load
on health and nutritional status of the child.
COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
4^, (First
BANGAvO3£ ’ 560 001
5.
METHODOLOGY
Forty slums in Calcutta were identified and censored to obtain the
required sample of 800 mothers of different occupational catagories.
The study was conducted exclusively in 29 slum areas having a population
of 24,774, distributed in 4,597 households.
NO.OF MOTHERS STUDIED FOR
OCCUPATIONAL CATAGORIES OF
WORK PATTERN
DIET SURVEY
200
32
Domestic labourer
300
35
3. Unskilled labourer
100
27
Skilled labourer
50
18
5. Self-employed
100
24
6. Office staff (lower level)
50
14
800
150
MOTHERS
1. House wife
2.
4.
Total coverage
:
Information on different items was collected by different techniques
such as :
1. A house-hold schedule was administered to the head of the household
or any knowledgeable person in the family for collecting the socio
economic and socio-cultural status by interview technique.
2.
Other schedules were administered to the mothers to collect data
on their time use pattern, nature of work, child care practices,
morbidity of child, ownership of consumer items and expenditure
pattern, any business etc. by interview technique.
3.
Data on health and nutrition status of mothers and their pre-school
child/children
were
collected
by
anthropometric
measurements
(Height & Weight) and in child also by some clinical observations.
4. Diet survey was conducted on a subsample of 150 households,randomly
selected from each occupational catagories of women by one-day
recall method.
6.
DURATION OF THE FIELD WORK
From November 1986 to February 1988.
7.
PROFILE OF MOTHERS' OCCUPATION BY CENSUS ANALYSIS
The study reveals that
7.1.
Fifty five percent (55%) mothers having at least one pre-school
child were exclusively housewives, 26% mothers were domestic
labourers while the remaining 19% belongs to different working
categories
such
as
skilled
labourers,
unskilled
labourers,
self
employed and office staff.
7.2
Of the working mothers 59% were found to be domestic labourers
and the remaining 41% belonged to different working categories.
7.3
8.
Pre-school children constituted
15.43% of the total population.
PRESENT STATUS OF THE PROJECT
Data collection was completed in Feb. 1988 and data are under the
process of analysis. The analysis and report writing is expected to be
completed by 30th June, 1988.
1.
TITLE OF THE PROJECT
" INFANT FEEDING PRACTICES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE
USE OF COMMERCIAL INFANT FOODS "
It was a multicentric study conducted at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
2.
SPONSORS
Nutrition Foundation of India and Ministry of Social Welfare, Government
of India.
3.
DURATION OF THE STUDY
January, 1981
4.
5.
March 1982
PERSONNEL INVOLVED
Statistician
1
Research Investigator
7
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
5.1
To survey the current infant feeding practices in different seg
ments of the population with special reference to the use of
commercial infant foods.
5.2
To obtain qualitative data on the type of food including milk,
other than breast milk use for feeding infants and reasons for
doing so.
5.3
To study the manner and mode of use.
5.4
To obtain information on some health indicators of the infants
associated with these practices.
6.
METHODOLOGY
377 infants were selected for this study from Calcutta City, Perimetro
politan area within a zone between 5-15 Kms. of the city limits;
from a town having population between (50,000 - 99,999) and from
another town of population between (20,000 - 49,999) located at least
50 Kms. away from the city.
A proportionate sampling was done to cover the sample size i.e. 55%
from the city and 15% from other three strata. The population surveyed
in this study was from the randomly selected Enumeration
Blocks
of stratam which has a population size of 600. A fairly detailed schedule
was administered to the mothers having infants to elicit information
on a wide range of factors related to infant feeding practices. The
actual weight of the infant was recorded in the schedule.
7.
FINDINGS OF THE CALCUTTA STUDY
7.1
Only 1.9% of infants were never breast fed and they belonged
to the highest income group.
7.2
90% of infants were still receiving breast milk at the age of
12 months.
7.3
60% of infants were put to breast before 48 hours.
7.4
Only 35% of infants are exclusively breast fed at the end of
4 months and at the end of 8 months 14% of infants are still
exclusively on breast milk.
7.5
Commercial milk was introduced to 7% infants within first month.
7.6
Use of commercial milk was more prevalent amongst hospital
born children, irrespective of economic status of the family.
7.7
26% of infants in the villages around the metropoliton city
were receiving commercial Milk (CM).
7.8
Commercial
milk/commercial
cereal
was
the
supplement
of
choice among the higher income groups and even amongst the
poorest.
7.9
Breast fed infants had suffered less number of episodes of infec
tion as compared to infants on supplements.
7.10
.The growth of infants were poor, both in exclusively breast
fed infants and in those receiving commercial cereal supplements
with breast milk.
7.11
50% - 60% of infants at Calcutta, despite abject poverty and
poor living conditions had attained in their early infancy a level
of growth comparable to that of the best international standards
of privileged North American Children.
7.12
Comparing the findings of Calcutta with Bombay and Madras,
it was found that Calcutta and Bombay represented two ends
of the spectrum with respect to infant feeding practices with
Madras in between.Bombay findings showed
*
more intensive and extensive breast feeding.
*
exclusive breast feeding during early infancy in a much higher
proportion of cases.
*
introduction of
supplements
before six
months
in
a
smaller
proportion of infants
*
much
lower use of
a commercial milk/commercial cereal and
as supplements.
*
much better growth and much lower incidence of malnutrition
in infants.
1.
TITLE OF THE PROJECT
n DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE HEALTH A NUTRI
TIONAL STATUS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN OF POOR COMMUNITIES
OF TRIBAL URBAN, SLUM A NON-TRIBAL AREA n
This study was also conducted at Jabalpur Medical College, Madhya
Pradesh.
2.
SPONSOR
Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi.
3.
DURATION OF STUDY
October, 1983
4.
March, 1986
PERSONNEL INVOLVED
Project Medical Officer
1
Field Supervisor
1
Statistician
1
Village level workers
6
Total
5.
9
OBJECTIVE
5.1
To
identify
biological,
socio-economic
and cultural
factors
and their inter-relationships responsible for differential nutritional status of children living in same socio-economic cultural
and environmental conditions.
5.2
To develop strategies for improving competencies of mother/
mother substitutes in respect to child rearing with the help
of frequent interaction of adequately trained village level workers.
6.
METHODOLOGY
6.1
Base line survey
6.2
Intervention phase
6.1
Base line Survey covered a population of 6,000 from each tribal,
rural, urban and slum unit. Data were collected on Socio-economic,
demographic and environmental characteristics of the families
and maternal characteristics including her KAP on child rearing
practices.
Household
schedules
were
administered
by
village
level workers (VLW) under the supervision of supervisor and
Medical
Officer. Health assessment in respect of Nutritional
status and nutritional deficiency signs and symptoms of children
under five were done by VLW and Medical Officer. The base
line survey was completed in record time of 9 months.
6.2
Intervention phase
The course curriculum of VLWs training programme was designed
relevant to the research objectives. The VLWs were trained
for 4 wks. before they were allowed to work in the population
assigned to them. Base line surveyed population at each unit
was divided into experimental (2,000) and control (4,000) group.
Each VLW was assigned a population of 1,000 where the health
input was given in terms of frequent interaction of VLWs with
mother, provisioin of some basic medicines and referal of emer
gency cases to nearby institution. The work of VLWs was cons
tantly
monitored
by
Supervisor
and
Medical Officer
through
frequent field visits.
7.
PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
7.1
Nutritional status of the infants of tribal area is better than
infants of rural and slum areas. The nutritional status of infants
in slum being the worst.
7.2
This can be attributed to vigorous and sustained practice of
breast feeding in tribal area as compared to skim area. Themothers
in slum are otherwise pre-occupied in economic activities, which
keep them away from their children for hours together, leaving
the infants to the care of elder sibling at home. But in case
of tribal mothers, they carry the child to the place of work
•and breast feed the child regularly despite their busy work sche
dule.
7.3
Early supplementation of commercial milk in disproportionately
higher dilution was very much prevalent amongst the slum children
because of so called inadequacy of breast milk and poverty
with ignorance.
7A
The morbidity intensity amongst the slum infants is more com-
pared to rural and tribal infants, because of early supplementa
tion, unhygienic practices and lack of basic sanitation.
7.5
Tribal infants are weaned last compared to slum infants who
are weaned earliest and rural infants in-between.
7.6
Certain cultural practices in respect of child birth amongst
the tribals were noted to be detrimental (using blant arrow
head for cutting umbilical cord) and is deeply rooted in their
beliefs and practices.
7.7
Health behaviour in respect of child’s sickness was confined
to home remedies and magic relief in the tribal area, where
as in slums, visits to nearby practioners, hospitals and dispen
saries were the trend.
1.
TITLE OF THE PROJECT
” POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVING LACTATION PERFORMANCE IN ANAE
MIC MOTHERS BY SUPPLEMENTING PARENTERAL IRON THERAPY"
2.
SPONSORS
Nutrition Foundation of India.
This study was also conducted at Institute of Child Health, Madras
and K.E.M. Medical College, Bombay.
3.
DURATION OF THE STUDY
October, 1985
March, 1987
Actual study started in November, 1985.
4.
PERSONNEL INVOLVED
Field Investigator
2
Laboratory Technician
2
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
5.1
To increase and sustain the heamoglobin (Hb) level of the anaemic
mothers by parenteral therapy of iron.
5.2
To
increase the
lactation performance
of
the
mothers given
single dose of parentral iron.
6.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Initially 403 mothers having Hb. level between 8-10 gm%. 48 hours
after delivery were selected for this study. 205 mothers were regarded
as control group and rest 198 mothers were given 400 mg of iron
dextran complex intra-venously. Their (both experimental and control)
Hb. level and weight, their children’s weight and height were followed
up monthly for 4 months.
Special care was taken to see that the mothers were not taking any
haematinics and adding supplementary feeding to their children. Those
who did, were dropped from the sample.
Under the extension programme, 56 mothers having Hb. level between
8-10 gm%. 48 hours after delivery were given 800 mg of iron-dextran
complex I.V. They were followed up monthly for 4 months as before.
7.
COVERAGE OF MOTHERS
Study group
No. of mother
studied
Total No. of Dropout,
after 4 months cases
1.
Control
205
130
2a).
Experimental (400 mg iron I.V.)
198
104
2b)
Experimental (800 mg iron I.V.)
56
6
459
240
Total
8.
PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
1.
Both
the
respect
and
experimental
to
caste,
and
control
ethinicity,
per
group
capita
are comparable with
income,
family
type
size and occupational category of mothers (it is by co
incidence).
2.
400 mg. of I.V. Iron dextran complex could raise the Hb. level
to a maximum of 1.56 gm% after one month and then started
waning
after
2nd
month
to a
level of
0.56 gm% increment
after 4 months over the post natal Hb. status of mother. With
800
mg. of iron-dextran complex the maximum increment is
1.9 gm% over the initial Hb. level after 2 months, then started
2 months, then started waning.
Increment by gm%
iron-dextran)
1.56
1.47
0.88
0.56
(with 800 mg
iron-dextran)
0.61
1.9
1.53
1.23
Control
0.43
0.63
0.36
0.40
:
a) (with 400 mg
c)
4th month
2nd month
Experimental
b)
3rd month
1st month
3.
Average Birth weight oi sampled baby is 2.66 Kgs.
4.
There
is no
significant difference in increase of body weight
of the children between control and experimental group.
1st month
2nd month
3rd month
4th month
613 gm
716 gm
682 gm
638 gm
iron-dextran)
853 gm
818 gm
783 gm
667 gm
Control group
729 gm
716 gm
672 gm
593 gm
Experimental group
:
a) (with 400 mj
iron-dextran,
b) (with 800 mg
c)
Interesting to note that there is only a difference of average
50 gm. in weight between the experimental group (with 400
mg
of
iron) and control group children after 4
with 800
months.
But
mg iron supplementation the difference with control
is always more than 100 gm.
5.
25% of mother of experimental group could not sustain exclusive
breast feeding in comparison with 39% of control group beyond
one month. 60% of mothers of experimental group have already
started top feed at the end of 4th month in comparison with 53%
of control group.
6.
There is no significant increment of weight of mothers of expe
rimental
group
in
the post
delivery period
but
reduction
of
body weight as found amongst control group mothers.
7.
There is a
50% drop out of the mothers registered for this
study. It is evenly distributed in both the groups.
The main causes of drop out are
(i) Wrong address (49.21%),
(40%),
(1.54%).
(ii) Out of station, during the study
(iii) Objection (1.54%) and the death of sample child
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF CINI - THE CURRENT SITUATION
( AS IN APRIL, 1988 )
To strengthen its monitoring, evaluation and research activities,
CINI has set up a ’Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Unit (MERU)'
primarily with the help from 'The Ford Foundation’. At present this unit
is involved in the following studies :-
1.
Evaluation of the ’integrated programme for the child in need’.
This programme was sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare, Govt, of India (under project voluntary organisation in
health scheme) with USAID assistance. It was launched in 1984 with
different inputs in the fields of health, nutrition and community
development. The purpose of this evaluation is to find out the impact
of this programme so as to help developing new strategies in maternal
and child health care in future.
(Expected to be completed by the end of September, 1988).
2.
Situational analysis of the status of the girl children in selected
villages of South 24-Parganas district. This study is sponsored by
the Department of Women’s Welfare, Ministry of Human Resource
Development, Govt, of India.
(Expected to be completed by the end of July,1988).
3.
At the request of OXFAM(INDIA) TRUST, CINI is currently under
taking a study on the Health and Nutritional status of mother and
pre-school children in three tribal blocks in three different districts
in Orissa. (Expected to be completed by the end of October,!988).
Situational analysis of women and children and delivery of primary
health care in urban areas of West Bengal. This study is sponsored
by UNICEF.
(Expected to be completed by the end of September, 1988).
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Ministry of Hunw? Resource Development
DEPARTMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
his "National Awari i$ given to
Child In Need Institute (CINI)
Calcuttat West. Bengal
in Public recognition of the valuable
services to the community renSe reSin
thefiel6 of C hil6 Welfare.
^J^.^,.1986
Seer etan)
to Govenrrnent of J?n6ia
rw
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CITATION
Child-In Need In Institute (CTN1)
The Child-In Need Institute (CINI) was established in 1975 in a rural area near
Calcutta. The Institute started with child care activities with a focus on the poor in slum
areas and villages around South Calcutta. The area of activities has now been widened
to cover parts of the districts of 24 Parganas, West Dinajpur and Midnapore.
CINI has got a fully-equipped children’s hospital and nutrition rehabilitation centre.
Besides it has got several mobile and static clinics. With the help of these facilities, CINI
conducts several activities, nutrition and health education, nutritional supplementation,
immunization, treatment of minor ailments and treatment of severely malnourished children
in an intensive care children’s ward and nutrition rehabilitation centre.
CINI also conducts training programmes for middle-level and grass-root workers of
the Integrated Child Development Services Programme. Over the last few years, more
than 2,000 mother and child health workers of various categories have been trained by CINI.
C1N1 has since 1979, reorganized its field level activities through Mahila Mandals.
Health care for children is increasingly being taken care of by trained Mahila Mandal
workers. CINI has organized income generation activities for mothers and for this purpose
has developed a separate campus.
CINI has also engaged itself in multi-centre research projecte of the Indian Council of
of Medical Research and the Nutrition Foundation of India.
CINI did notable relief work in the 1978 floods in West Bengal.
CINI has earned the National Award for Child Welfare for 1985 by virtue of the
quality and magnitude of its child welfare work.
I
CINI Publication Research—I
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