Family Welfare Programme in West Bengal
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- Title
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Family Welfare Programme
in West Bengal - extracted text
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Family Welfare Programme
in
West Bengal
DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Government of West Bengal
J
Family Welfare Programme
in
West Bengal
DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Government of West Bengal
GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
INDIA
WEST BENGAL
1961-71
24.80
26.87
1971-81
25.00
23.17
POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF WEST BENGAL WAS ABOVE ALL INDIA
AVERAGE IN 1961-71 DECADE.
POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF WEST BENGAL WAS BELOW ALL INDIA
AVERAGE IN 1971-81 DECADE.
i
BIRTH RATE OF INDIA DECLINED FROM 41.7 IN 1951-61 TO 32.0 IN
1987.
BIRTH RATE OF WEST BENGAL DECLINED FROM 42.9 IN 1951-61 TO
30.3 IN 1987.
1
INFANT MORTALITY RATE OF WEST BENGAL WAS 72 IN 1987. THIS RATE
WAS BELOW THE ALL INDIA AVERAGE RATE OF 95 IN 1987.
ONLY THREE MAJOR STATES OF INDIA - KERALA, PUNJAB & MAHARASTRA HAVE IMR LOWER THAN THAT OF WEST BENGAL.
3
FAMILY WELFARE ACHIEVEMENT IN WEST BENGAL
YEAR
A.
301171
324575
335873
60.23
64.91
76.86
115000
115000
168000
75473
94994
116864
65.63
82.60
69.56
200000
250000
412000
154096
197732
252470
77.05
79.09
61.28
46500
37600
44700
85002
81084
83572
182.80
215.65
186.96
C.C. USERS
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
D.
500000
500000
437000
I.U.D.
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
C.
% OF TARGET
ACHIEVED
STERILISATION
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
B.
ACHIEVEMENT
TARGET
O.P. USERS
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
FAMILY WELFARE PERFORMANCE IN WEST BENGAL
IS ON THE RISE.
4
TOTAL NO. OF FAMILY WELFARE ACCEPTORS DURING
THE LAST THREE YEARS.
YEAR
TOTAL ACCEPTORS
1986-87
615742
1987-88
698385
1988-89
788779
NO. OF F.W. ACCEPTORS IS INCREASING STEADILY.
AVERAGE AGE OF WIFE OF A STERILISATION
ACCEPTOR DECLINED FROM 32.8 YEARS IN 1971-72
TO 28.86 YEARS IN 1987-88.
AVERAGE NO. OF LIVING CHILDREN OF A STERILISATION
ACCEPTOR DECLINED FROM 4.7 IN 1971-72 TO 3.13 IN
1987-88.
b
BIRTH RATE AND COUPLE PROTECTION RATE OF
SOME MAJOR INDIAN STATES
BIRTH RATE
(1987)
COUPLE PROTECTION
KERALA
21.3
46.3
TAMIL NADU
23.6
52.5
MAHARASHTRA
28.7
54.4
PUNJAB
28.7
68.2
KARNATAKA
28.9
42.3
ANDHRA PRADESH
29.9
39.2
WEST BENGAL
30.3
31.1
GUJRAT
30.7
53.2
ORISSA
30.7
37.4
ASSAM
33.5
26.2
HARYANA
34.4
58.1
RAJASTHAN
34.6
27.8
MADHYA PRADESH
36.2
36.2
BIHAR
36.6
22.9
UTTAR PRADESH
38.0
28.8
INDIA
32.0
39.8
STATE
7
RATE AS ON 31.3.88
NO. OF DISTRICTS COVERED UNDER UNIVERSAL
IMMUNISATION PROGRAMME IN WEST BENGAL
NO. OF DISTRICTS
COVERED
YEAR
1985-86
1
1986-87
2
1987-88
6
1988-89
12
1989-90
18
ALL THE 18 DISTRICTS OF THE STATE CAME UNDER
UNIVERSAL IMMUNISATION PROGRAMME IN 1989-90.
8
ACHIEVEMENT OF IMMUNISATION PROGRAMME
YEAR
ACHIEVEMENT
TARGET
% OF TARGET
ACHIEVED
A.
T.T. (P.W.)
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
B.
862678
991609
74.63
61.32
533284
44.44
1987-88
919620
1988-89
1294000
1069640
75.81
82.66
1200000
1213000
1294000
366044
554097
POLIO
1987-88
1988-89
E.
75.15
1200000
1213000
1986-87
D.
1617000
676390
D.P.T.
1986-87
C.
900000
1156000
1009833
30.50
45.68
78.04
B.C.G.
1986-87
1200000
1987-88
1988-89
1213000
1294000
1060215
48.20
75.68
81.93
1987-88
100000
728000
66247
374399
66.25
51.43
1988-89
1163000
531813
45.73
578355
917997
MEASLES
1986-87
9
Some health Indicators of urban West Bengal
54581000
14447000
1.
Population of the State (1981)
Urban Population
2.
As identified in 1981 total slum population of West Bengal was 3028000.
In 1990 this is expected to go upto 4964000.
It is estimated that in 1990 only Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra will have
more slum population than that in urban West Bengal.
3.
The estimated annual birth rate of urban West Bengal was 20.5 in 1985.
This is lowest amongst the major states of the country.
4.
The estimated annual death rate of urban West Bengal was 6.8 in 1985.
This is below all India average rate of 7.8 in the same year.
5.
Infant Mortality Rate of urban West Bengal was 46 in 1985. Only two
other major states, Kerala and Karnataka have IMR lower than that in
West Bengal.
6.
87% of deaths are either institutional or attended by qualified Medical
Practitioners. The corresponding all India rate is 71%. Only Maharshtra
and Kerala have higher rates in this respect.
7.
87.3% of births in West Bengal are either institutional or attended by
trained professionals. The rate is much higher than the all India rate of
71%. Only Maharashtra and Kerala have higher rates in this respect.
8.
No. of Beds per 1,000 population was only 3.13 in urban West Bengal in
1986. This rate is almost same as the national average rate of 2.93. The
states of Maharashtra, Gujrat, Kerala, Assam are ahead of West Bengal in
this respect.
Source : India Urban Social Indicators
National Institute of Urban Affairs
New Delhi, December, 1988.
A Case Study of Pavement Dwellers in Calcutta
The survey entitled ’’Socio-Economic Survey of Pavement Dwellers in Calcutta”
was conducted during March-June 1987.
The present study analyses the factors influencing the decisions of such truely
shelterless persons (popularly known as pavement dwellers), living on the
pavements of Calcutta city. The target group, for the purpose of this study,
consists of the population who do not have municipal addresses, but live in
various open spaces such as pavements, open verandahs, under bridges,
railway platforms, abandoned large pipes, courtyards of religious places and
even on hand carts that they pull in the daytime to earn their living.
The total number of pavement dwellers within Calcutta city in March 1987 was
55,571, out of which 55,005 were located within the old Calcutta Corporation
area.
An analysis of the pavement dwellers’ economic profile enable us to draw several
inferences:
(a)
Pavement dwellers of the mainstream vocations have chosen this life-style
to protect their access to earning opportunities. In addition, a substantial
proportion are temporary migrants, who remit savings home to the village.
(b)
Congested parts of Calcutta, such as the wholesale markets, dockyards,
and railway stations offer best opportunities to earn a livelihood by selling
labour services in highly competitive environments.
(c)
Almost all pavement dwellers have to purchase their meals, or ingredient
for their family kitchens. The number of persons securing meals in
exchange for services was insignificant.
(d)
The majority of pavement dwellers live without shelter as a deliberate
rational decision, by which the expenditure on housing is reduced to zero.
In the case of marginal vocations (at least 10 per cent of the population),
the lack of demand for shelter is because of intense poverty, and lack of
income to afford shelter. However, even for these persons, living on the
pavement ensures access to earning opportunities, however small they
may be.
(e)
(fl
Earnings in the mainstream vocations have kept pace with inflations.
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In overall terms, and quite predictably, the male population constitutes a major
proportion of pavement dwellers in Calcutta, with a male : female ratio of 65 :
35. However, even within pavement dweller families, the sex ratios favour males.
This feature is significant in all age groups, including the very young population
of children less than 12 years.
The percentage share of the group in working age (18 years to 57 years) appears
to have registered a sharp increase. The share of young dependents, according
to the 1987 survey was around 30 per cent of the population.
The average family size among pavement dwellers was 3.6, with a model value
of around 4. This figure is substantially below the NCAER estimate of household
size among the rural poor in India of 6.9 in 1980-81. The low family size can be
attributed to the prevalence of nuclear families among the urban poor.
In the 18-42 years age group almost all women were married, although about
a tenth of them reported the absence of their spouse. Our survey has revealed
that despite the grinding poverty the social institution of marriage, together with
associated rituals and conventions was very much prevalent. There were many
instances of respondents reporting arranged marriage between socially equiva
lent families living on pavements.
These findings confirm the observations of the earlier two papers that the
poorest of the urban poor families belong to both mainstream and marginal
categories. A large number on the verge of destitution hang on to a precarious
income in mainstream vocations that involve hard manual labour. When old
age, infirmity or ill-health reduces their muscle power, they have to reconcile
themselves to declining income levels. The second group are individuals who
have captured the fringes of marginal vocations.
n
The study of pavement dwellers of Calcutta has outlined the magnitude and
dimensions of urban poverty. Until large differentials in earning opportunities
between cities and rural areas are reduced, the rural poor will continue to
migrate and prick the conscience of the urban elite. For eradicating urban
poverty we have to speed up rural development. Until then these persons will
stake their claims on foot-paths, garbage vats and public parks. Their physical
quality of life suffers, the city's aesthetics are affected by open defecation and
littering of garbage; public conscience is upset by visible hunger. But these are
the realities of civic life.
[Excerpts from the article by :
Shri N.V. Jagannathan &
Shri Animesh Halder
published in Economic and Political Weekly,
February 11, 1989.]
13
BIRD’S EYE VIEW
Calcutta Metropolitan Development Area.
[Includes 3 Municipal Corporations, 31 Municipalities & 2 Notified Areas
extending 5 districts surrounding Metro Core]
I.
Figures at a glance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Area
Population (Census'81)
Urban Population
Rural Population
Bustee/Slum dwellers
including people of
low socio-economic strata
6.
Density of population in CMD
Calcutta (heighest in the World)
7.
Sex Ratio (No. of females per
1000 males)
8. Migrants with origin outside
West Bengal
9. Population speaking
languages other than Bengali
10. Literacy
11. Population covered by
a) Drainage
b) Surface drainage
12. Bed population Ratio
13. Dispensaries
14. Clinics
(TB, Leprosy, MCH & FP)
15. Hospitals & Clinics
in Municipalities in
CMD area
16. Health Staff in Municipalities
in CMD Area
1425 Sq.km.
10.20 Millions
90 per cent
10 per cent
30.28 lakhs
7922 persons per sq.km.
31,779 persons per sq. km.
721
67 per cent
34 per cent
43.2 per cent
8 per cent
27 per cent
2.58 beds/1000 population
75
73
277
268
II.
Urban poor (Slum/Bustee dwellers) in CMD Area proposed to be
covered under CUDP-III Health Programme.
Local Bodies
Bustee/
Slum
Population
Health
Administrative
Units proposed
Target (1000)
Target (Nos.)
Extended
Specialised
Out-Patient
Department
Target (Nos.)
650
18
5
300
6
1050
36
12
2000
60
17
1. Calcutta Municipal
Corporation
2. Howrah Municipal
Corporation
3. 31 Municipalities
& 2 Notified Areas
Total :
III.
Composition of Target Population (Vulnarable group)
i)
ii)
iii)
IV.
Children 0-5 Years
Mothers (Present & Lactating)
Eligible Couples
340,000
80,000
340,000
(17.0%)
(4.0%)
(17.0%)
Male
P.C.
No.
Female
No.
P.C.
Total
No.
P.C.
Break-up Population by Age Group
Age Group
0-1
Year
34,863
2.9
25,137
3.1
60,000
3.0
2-4
Years
111,563
9.7
80,437
9.5
192,000
9.6
5-14
Years
313,771
26.9
226,229
27.4
540,000
27.0
15-44 Years
504,398
43.5
363,642
43.4
868,000
43.4
Years
197,559
17.0
142,441
16.9
340,000
17.0
2000,000
100.00
45 +
Total :
1,162,114
1^
100.0 837,886
100
Mother Tongue
V. (a) Place of Birth
i)
West Bengal
40.00%
i)
Bengali
78.4%
ii)
Bihar
46.0%
ii)
Hindi
18.5%
iii)
Orissa
1.13%
iii)
Oriya
0.5%
iv)
Others
12.87%
iv)
Others
2.60%
100.00
100.00
(b) Monthly Income/Family
Below Rs. 300/- per month
26.2%
Below Rs. 500/- per month
28.2%
Below Rs. 750/- per month
27.2%
Below Rs. 1000/- per month
15.7%
Rs.. 1000/- + per month
2.7%
100.00
(c) Housing Condition
Slum
24.2%
Bustee
41.6%
Others
34.2%
100.00
/
(d) Source of Water Supply
House
Municipal
84.90%
Tap Water
22.2%
Own
14.10%
Tubewell
29.6%
Others
1.0%
Well
92.85%
100.00
No Water Supply at home - pond 78.44%
(e) Disposal of Human Excreta
Latrine
Family Latrine
33.72%
Community Latrine
49.1%
Latrine far off
5.6%
No Latrine
11.58%
100.00
(f)
Type of Latrine
Sanitary with water flush
22.3%
Sanitary without water flush
53.2%
Survice Latrine & others
24.5%
100.00
\ )
17
CUDP-III Health Programme
VI.
Programme Implementation
Physical Items
Target of
Achievement
beneficiaries
upto 31.3.89
1.
Population to be covered (000)
2000
1380
2.
Estasblishment of HAU (Nos)
60
40
3.
Establishment of ESOPD (Nos)
17
6
4.
Supply of Ambulance Vans
40
40
5.
Nutrition Programme
60
20
6.
Creches
10
5
Workers engaged
2000
1380
(b) HHWs Training
2000
1380
400
276
400
276
7. (a) No. of Honorary Health
8. (a) No. of 1st Tier
Supervisors @1:5 HHWs
(b) Training of 1st Tier
Supervisors
1
VIL
Health Status of Beneficiaries - under
CUDP-III Health Programme
VITAL EVENTS
Health
Parameters
Baseline
C.B.R.
C.D.R.
I.M.R.
M.M.R.
Eligible
Couple
Protection
27.74
5.98
65.12
2.50
12.9
4.41
40.00
0.05
rate
27.53
47.43
VIII.
Performance
as on
March,’89
Immunization Status
Immunization : 0-1 Yr. Children
Vaccine
Baseline
Achievement
As On
March'89
1. DPT 3rd Dose
30.0%
55.58%
2. Polio 3rd Dose
24.0%
60.29%
3. BCG Single Dose
12.26%
62.84%
4. Measles Single Dose
19.15%
5. Preg. Mothers
(TT 2 doses)
14%
32.49%
IX.
Oral Rehydration Therapy
Table showing No. of housewives aware of preperetion of
Oral Rehydration Solution (O.R.S.)
a)
Name of Municipalities
Covering 11 Nos. of HAU
Sample
Population
Sample No.
of Families
Panihati
- 2 Units
6000
1200
838
362
Garulia
- 1 Unit
3000
600
495
105
North Barrackpore - 1 Unit
3000
600
591
89
North DumDum
- 1 Unit
3000
600
436
114
Hoogly-Chinsurah - 2 Units
6000
1200
835
347
Chandemagore
- 2 Units
6000
1200
920
280
Bansberia
- 1 Unit
3000
600
447
153
Baruipur
- 1 Unit
3000
600
410
190
11 Units 33,000
6600
4960
1640
(75.15%)
(24.85%)
IX.
(b)
O.R.S. Found Useful In Families
Name of the Municipalities
hi
Aware of preparation of O.R.S.
Yes (Nos)
No. (Nos)
Yes
No
Indifferent
1.
Panihati
- 2 Units
498
234
23
2.
Garulia
- 1 Unit
376
123
12
3.
North Bararackpore
- 1 Unit
286
98
15
4.
North DumDum
- 1 Unit
357
122
12
5.
Hooghly Chinsurah
- 2 Units
412
253
27
6.
Chandemagore
- 2 Units
489
204
27
7.
Bansberia
- 1 Unit
231
147
20
8.
Baruipur
- 1 Unit
132
126
15
Total Families - 6600 11 Units
2781
1307
151
(65..60%)
(30.84%)
(3.563)
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