Family Welfare Programme in West Bengal

Item

Title
Family Welfare Programme
in West Bengal
extracted text
Family Welfare Programme
in
West Bengal

DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

Government of West Bengal

J

Family Welfare Programme
in
West Bengal

DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

Government of West Bengal

GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
INDIA

WEST BENGAL

1961-71

24.80

26.87

1971-81

25.00

23.17

POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF WEST BENGAL WAS ABOVE ALL INDIA
AVERAGE IN 1961-71 DECADE.
POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF WEST BENGAL WAS BELOW ALL INDIA

AVERAGE IN 1971-81 DECADE.

i

BIRTH RATE OF INDIA DECLINED FROM 41.7 IN 1951-61 TO 32.0 IN
1987.

BIRTH RATE OF WEST BENGAL DECLINED FROM 42.9 IN 1951-61 TO
30.3 IN 1987.

1

INFANT MORTALITY RATE OF WEST BENGAL WAS 72 IN 1987. THIS RATE
WAS BELOW THE ALL INDIA AVERAGE RATE OF 95 IN 1987.
ONLY THREE MAJOR STATES OF INDIA - KERALA, PUNJAB & MAHARASTRA HAVE IMR LOWER THAN THAT OF WEST BENGAL.

3

FAMILY WELFARE ACHIEVEMENT IN WEST BENGAL

YEAR

A.

301171
324575
335873

60.23
64.91
76.86

115000
115000
168000

75473
94994
116864

65.63
82.60
69.56

200000
250000
412000

154096
197732
252470

77.05
79.09
61.28

46500
37600
44700

85002
81084
83572

182.80
215.65
186.96

C.C. USERS
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89

D.

500000
500000
437000

I.U.D.
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89

C.

% OF TARGET
ACHIEVED

STERILISATION

1986-87
1987-88
1988-89

B.

ACHIEVEMENT

TARGET

O.P. USERS

1986-87
1987-88
1988-89

FAMILY WELFARE PERFORMANCE IN WEST BENGAL
IS ON THE RISE.

4

TOTAL NO. OF FAMILY WELFARE ACCEPTORS DURING
THE LAST THREE YEARS.

YEAR

TOTAL ACCEPTORS

1986-87

615742

1987-88

698385

1988-89

788779

NO. OF F.W. ACCEPTORS IS INCREASING STEADILY.

AVERAGE AGE OF WIFE OF A STERILISATION
ACCEPTOR DECLINED FROM 32.8 YEARS IN 1971-72

TO 28.86 YEARS IN 1987-88.
AVERAGE NO. OF LIVING CHILDREN OF A STERILISATION
ACCEPTOR DECLINED FROM 4.7 IN 1971-72 TO 3.13 IN

1987-88.

b

BIRTH RATE AND COUPLE PROTECTION RATE OF
SOME MAJOR INDIAN STATES

BIRTH RATE
(1987)

COUPLE PROTECTION

KERALA

21.3

46.3

TAMIL NADU

23.6

52.5

MAHARASHTRA

28.7

54.4

PUNJAB

28.7

68.2

KARNATAKA

28.9

42.3

ANDHRA PRADESH

29.9

39.2

WEST BENGAL

30.3

31.1

GUJRAT

30.7

53.2

ORISSA

30.7

37.4

ASSAM

33.5

26.2

HARYANA

34.4

58.1

RAJASTHAN

34.6

27.8

MADHYA PRADESH

36.2

36.2

BIHAR

36.6

22.9

UTTAR PRADESH

38.0

28.8

INDIA

32.0

39.8

STATE

7

RATE AS ON 31.3.88

NO. OF DISTRICTS COVERED UNDER UNIVERSAL
IMMUNISATION PROGRAMME IN WEST BENGAL

NO. OF DISTRICTS
COVERED

YEAR

1985-86

1

1986-87

2

1987-88

6

1988-89

12

1989-90

18

ALL THE 18 DISTRICTS OF THE STATE CAME UNDER
UNIVERSAL IMMUNISATION PROGRAMME IN 1989-90.

8

ACHIEVEMENT OF IMMUNISATION PROGRAMME

YEAR

ACHIEVEMENT

TARGET

% OF TARGET

ACHIEVED
A.

T.T. (P.W.)
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89

B.

862678
991609

74.63
61.32

533284

44.44

1987-88

919620

1988-89

1294000

1069640

75.81
82.66

1200000
1213000
1294000

366044
554097

POLIO

1987-88
1988-89

E.

75.15

1200000
1213000

1986-87

D.

1617000

676390

D.P.T.
1986-87

C.

900000
1156000

1009833

30.50
45.68
78.04

B.C.G.

1986-87

1200000

1987-88
1988-89

1213000
1294000

1060215

48.20
75.68
81.93

1987-88

100000
728000

66247
374399

66.25
51.43

1988-89

1163000

531813

45.73

578355
917997

MEASLES
1986-87

9

Some health Indicators of urban West Bengal
54581000
14447000

1.

Population of the State (1981)
Urban Population

2.

As identified in 1981 total slum population of West Bengal was 3028000.
In 1990 this is expected to go upto 4964000.

It is estimated that in 1990 only Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra will have
more slum population than that in urban West Bengal.
3.

The estimated annual birth rate of urban West Bengal was 20.5 in 1985.
This is lowest amongst the major states of the country.

4.

The estimated annual death rate of urban West Bengal was 6.8 in 1985.
This is below all India average rate of 7.8 in the same year.

5.

Infant Mortality Rate of urban West Bengal was 46 in 1985. Only two
other major states, Kerala and Karnataka have IMR lower than that in
West Bengal.

6.

87% of deaths are either institutional or attended by qualified Medical
Practitioners. The corresponding all India rate is 71%. Only Maharshtra
and Kerala have higher rates in this respect.

7.

87.3% of births in West Bengal are either institutional or attended by
trained professionals. The rate is much higher than the all India rate of
71%. Only Maharashtra and Kerala have higher rates in this respect.

8.

No. of Beds per 1,000 population was only 3.13 in urban West Bengal in
1986. This rate is almost same as the national average rate of 2.93. The
states of Maharashtra, Gujrat, Kerala, Assam are ahead of West Bengal in
this respect.
Source : India Urban Social Indicators
National Institute of Urban Affairs
New Delhi, December, 1988.

A Case Study of Pavement Dwellers in Calcutta

The survey entitled ’’Socio-Economic Survey of Pavement Dwellers in Calcutta”
was conducted during March-June 1987.

The present study analyses the factors influencing the decisions of such truely
shelterless persons (popularly known as pavement dwellers), living on the
pavements of Calcutta city. The target group, for the purpose of this study,
consists of the population who do not have municipal addresses, but live in
various open spaces such as pavements, open verandahs, under bridges,
railway platforms, abandoned large pipes, courtyards of religious places and
even on hand carts that they pull in the daytime to earn their living.
The total number of pavement dwellers within Calcutta city in March 1987 was
55,571, out of which 55,005 were located within the old Calcutta Corporation
area.

An analysis of the pavement dwellers’ economic profile enable us to draw several
inferences:
(a)

Pavement dwellers of the mainstream vocations have chosen this life-style
to protect their access to earning opportunities. In addition, a substantial
proportion are temporary migrants, who remit savings home to the village.

(b)

Congested parts of Calcutta, such as the wholesale markets, dockyards,
and railway stations offer best opportunities to earn a livelihood by selling
labour services in highly competitive environments.

(c)

Almost all pavement dwellers have to purchase their meals, or ingredient
for their family kitchens. The number of persons securing meals in
exchange for services was insignificant.

(d)

The majority of pavement dwellers live without shelter as a deliberate
rational decision, by which the expenditure on housing is reduced to zero.
In the case of marginal vocations (at least 10 per cent of the population),
the lack of demand for shelter is because of intense poverty, and lack of
income to afford shelter. However, even for these persons, living on the
pavement ensures access to earning opportunities, however small they
may be.

(e)

(fl

Earnings in the mainstream vocations have kept pace with inflations.

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In overall terms, and quite predictably, the male population constitutes a major
proportion of pavement dwellers in Calcutta, with a male : female ratio of 65 :
35. However, even within pavement dweller families, the sex ratios favour males.

This feature is significant in all age groups, including the very young population
of children less than 12 years.
The percentage share of the group in working age (18 years to 57 years) appears
to have registered a sharp increase. The share of young dependents, according
to the 1987 survey was around 30 per cent of the population.

The average family size among pavement dwellers was 3.6, with a model value
of around 4. This figure is substantially below the NCAER estimate of household

size among the rural poor in India of 6.9 in 1980-81. The low family size can be
attributed to the prevalence of nuclear families among the urban poor.
In the 18-42 years age group almost all women were married, although about

a tenth of them reported the absence of their spouse. Our survey has revealed

that despite the grinding poverty the social institution of marriage, together with
associated rituals and conventions was very much prevalent. There were many

instances of respondents reporting arranged marriage between socially equiva­

lent families living on pavements.
These findings confirm the observations of the earlier two papers that the

poorest of the urban poor families belong to both mainstream and marginal

categories. A large number on the verge of destitution hang on to a precarious
income in mainstream vocations that involve hard manual labour. When old

age, infirmity or ill-health reduces their muscle power, they have to reconcile
themselves to declining income levels. The second group are individuals who

have captured the fringes of marginal vocations.

n

The study of pavement dwellers of Calcutta has outlined the magnitude and

dimensions of urban poverty. Until large differentials in earning opportunities
between cities and rural areas are reduced, the rural poor will continue to

migrate and prick the conscience of the urban elite. For eradicating urban
poverty we have to speed up rural development. Until then these persons will

stake their claims on foot-paths, garbage vats and public parks. Their physical
quality of life suffers, the city's aesthetics are affected by open defecation and

littering of garbage; public conscience is upset by visible hunger. But these are
the realities of civic life.

[Excerpts from the article by :
Shri N.V. Jagannathan &
Shri Animesh Halder
published in Economic and Political Weekly,
February 11, 1989.]

13

BIRD’S EYE VIEW
Calcutta Metropolitan Development Area.
[Includes 3 Municipal Corporations, 31 Municipalities & 2 Notified Areas
extending 5 districts surrounding Metro Core]
I.

Figures at a glance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Area
Population (Census'81)
Urban Population
Rural Population
Bustee/Slum dwellers
including people of
low socio-economic strata
6.
Density of population in CMD
Calcutta (heighest in the World)
7.
Sex Ratio (No. of females per
1000 males)
8. Migrants with origin outside
West Bengal
9. Population speaking
languages other than Bengali
10. Literacy
11. Population covered by
a) Drainage
b) Surface drainage
12. Bed population Ratio
13. Dispensaries
14. Clinics
(TB, Leprosy, MCH & FP)
15. Hospitals & Clinics
in Municipalities in
CMD area
16. Health Staff in Municipalities
in CMD Area

1425 Sq.km.
10.20 Millions
90 per cent
10 per cent

30.28 lakhs
7922 persons per sq.km.
31,779 persons per sq. km.
721

67 per cent
34 per cent
43.2 per cent
8 per cent
27 per cent
2.58 beds/1000 population
75
73

277

268

II.

Urban poor (Slum/Bustee dwellers) in CMD Area proposed to be

covered under CUDP-III Health Programme.
Local Bodies

Bustee/
Slum
Population

Health
Administrative
Units proposed

Target (1000)

Target (Nos.)

Extended
Specialised
Out-Patient
Department
Target (Nos.)

650

18

5

300

6

1050

36

12

2000

60

17

1. Calcutta Municipal
Corporation

2. Howrah Municipal
Corporation
3. 31 Municipalities
& 2 Notified Areas

Total :

III.

Composition of Target Population (Vulnarable group)

i)
ii)
iii)

IV.

Children 0-5 Years
Mothers (Present & Lactating)
Eligible Couples

340,000
80,000
340,000

(17.0%)
(4.0%)
(17.0%)

Male
P.C.
No.

Female
No.
P.C.

Total
No.

P.C.

Break-up Population by Age Group
Age Group

0-1

Year

34,863

2.9

25,137

3.1

60,000

3.0

2-4

Years

111,563

9.7

80,437

9.5

192,000

9.6

5-14

Years

313,771

26.9

226,229

27.4

540,000

27.0

15-44 Years

504,398

43.5

363,642

43.4

868,000

43.4

Years

197,559

17.0

142,441

16.9

340,000

17.0

2000,000

100.00

45 +

Total :

1,162,114

1^

100.0 837,886

100

Mother Tongue

V. (a) Place of Birth

i)

West Bengal

40.00%

i)

Bengali

78.4%

ii)

Bihar

46.0%

ii)

Hindi

18.5%

iii)

Orissa

1.13%

iii)

Oriya

0.5%

iv)

Others

12.87%

iv)

Others

2.60%

100.00

100.00

(b) Monthly Income/Family
Below Rs. 300/- per month

26.2%

Below Rs. 500/- per month

28.2%

Below Rs. 750/- per month

27.2%

Below Rs. 1000/- per month

15.7%

Rs.. 1000/- + per month

2.7%

100.00

(c) Housing Condition

Slum

24.2%

Bustee

41.6%

Others

34.2%

100.00

/

(d) Source of Water Supply

House
Municipal

84.90%

Tap Water

22.2%

Own

14.10%

Tubewell

29.6%

Others

1.0%

Well

92.85%

100.00
No Water Supply at home - pond 78.44%

(e) Disposal of Human Excreta

Latrine

Family Latrine

33.72%

Community Latrine

49.1%

Latrine far off

5.6%

No Latrine

11.58%
100.00

(f)

Type of Latrine

Sanitary with water flush

22.3%

Sanitary without water flush

53.2%

Survice Latrine & others

24.5%

100.00

\ )

17

CUDP-III Health Programme

VI.

Programme Implementation

Physical Items

Target of

Achievement

beneficiaries

upto 31.3.89

1.

Population to be covered (000)

2000

1380

2.

Estasblishment of HAU (Nos)

60

40

3.

Establishment of ESOPD (Nos)

17

6

4.

Supply of Ambulance Vans

40

40

5.

Nutrition Programme

60

20

6.

Creches

10

5

Workers engaged

2000

1380

(b) HHWs Training

2000

1380

400

276

400

276

7. (a) No. of Honorary Health

8. (a) No. of 1st Tier

Supervisors @1:5 HHWs
(b) Training of 1st Tier
Supervisors

1

VIL

Health Status of Beneficiaries - under
CUDP-III Health Programme

VITAL EVENTS
Health
Parameters

Baseline

C.B.R.
C.D.R.
I.M.R.
M.M.R.
Eligible
Couple
Protection

27.74
5.98
65.12
2.50

12.9
4.41
40.00
0.05

rate

27.53

47.43

VIII.

Performance
as on
March,’89

Immunization Status

Immunization : 0-1 Yr. Children
Vaccine

Baseline

Achievement
As On
March'89

1. DPT 3rd Dose

30.0%

55.58%

2. Polio 3rd Dose

24.0%

60.29%

3. BCG Single Dose

12.26%

62.84%

4. Measles Single Dose

19.15%

5. Preg. Mothers
(TT 2 doses)

14%

32.49%

IX.

Oral Rehydration Therapy
Table showing No. of housewives aware of preperetion of
Oral Rehydration Solution (O.R.S.)

a)

Name of Municipalities
Covering 11 Nos. of HAU

Sample
Population

Sample No.
of Families

Panihati

- 2 Units

6000

1200

838

362

Garulia

- 1 Unit

3000

600

495

105

North Barrackpore - 1 Unit

3000

600

591

89

North DumDum

- 1 Unit

3000

600

436

114

Hoogly-Chinsurah - 2 Units

6000

1200

835

347

Chandemagore

- 2 Units

6000

1200

920

280

Bansberia

- 1 Unit

3000

600

447

153

Baruipur

- 1 Unit

3000

600

410

190

11 Units 33,000

6600

4960

1640

(75.15%)

(24.85%)

IX.

(b)

O.R.S. Found Useful In Families

Name of the Municipalities

hi

Aware of preparation of O.R.S.
Yes (Nos)
No. (Nos)

Yes

No

Indifferent

1.

Panihati

- 2 Units

498

234

23

2.

Garulia

- 1 Unit

376

123

12

3.

North Bararackpore

- 1 Unit

286

98

15

4.

North DumDum

- 1 Unit

357

122

12

5.

Hooghly Chinsurah

- 2 Units

412

253

27

6.

Chandemagore

- 2 Units

489

204

27

7.

Bansberia

- 1 Unit

231

147

20

8.

Baruipur

- 1 Unit

132

126

15

Total Families - 6600 11 Units

2781

1307

151

(65..60%)

(30.84%)

(3.563)

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