FUTURES OF MENTAL DISORDERS

Item

Title
FUTURES OF MENTAL DISORDERS
extracted text
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ICMR/CAR/CMH/MHE-1

Features of mental disorders
Copyright© 1988, ICMR New Delhi

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First Printing : 1986
Published by

MHfWi WJ
^lcih-560 029, W?T.

ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Community Mental Health,
Department of Psychiatry,
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences,
Bangalore-560 029, (INDIA).
Second printing (Hindi-English Version) : 1988

With the support from WHO Country Funds MNH/001

1987-88.

This Flip Chart was developed as part ol activities of the ICMR Centre for Advanced
Research on Community Mental Health (1984-89).

^4 THFJ

tasiFT, (PwglH)

ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Community
Mental Health,
Department of Psychiatry,
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
(NIMHANS)
Bangalore-560 029 (India).

The Members who participated in the development of this Flip Chart are:.
SCIENTIFC ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS OF THE ICMR

STAFF OF ICMR CENTRE

Dr Srinivasa Murthy, Officer-in-Charge.
'Dr K Sekar, Lecturer in PSW
2Mi Mahendra Sharma, Lecturer in Cl. Psychology.
Dr 'v.amath' Shetty, CDMO.
Dr Jay ., sk= h, CDMO.
Ms Farimtfiu J, Research Officer.
Mr Joseph Panackal, Research Officer.
Mr Donta Balaiah, Research Officer (Stat.)
’Mr Soman Ponnempalath, Asst. Editor.
’Mr Govmda Raju, Artist.
'
2
3
4

Coordinator for the preparation of the Flip Chart.
Hindi Script.
Assistant Editor.
Drawings.

On development of the materia^ for the Flip Chart has been
published elsewhere.

COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH UNIT STAFF

CENTRE.

Dr Mohan K. Isaac, Assoc. Prof of Psychiatry.
Dr C R Chandrasekhar, Asst. Prof of Psychiatry.
Dr TG Sri ram, Lecturer in Psychiatry.
Dr R Parthasarathy, Asst. Prof of PSW.
Mrs Ahalya Raghuram, Lecturer in Cl. Psychology
Mr Nagarajiah, Tutor in Psychiatric Nursing
Mr Chandrasekhar Rao, Lecturer in PSW.
Dr Sundar Moily, CDMO.
Dr Kishore Kumar,CDMO.
Mr Uday Kumar, PSW.
Ms Premlata Chinnaiah, Nurse.
Ms Puttamma, Psychiatric Nurse.
Mr Bhimaiah, Psychiatric Nurse.
Mr Subramaniam, Psychiatric Nurse.
Mr Hiremath, Psychiatric Nurse.
Ms Padma. Teacher for Mentally Retarded.

Dr. A Verghese, Prof & Head, Deptt. of Psychiatry, CMC,

Vellore.
Dr R L Kapur, Centre for Theoretical Studies, 115c, Bangalore.
DrL Ramachandran, Shobana, NGO Colony PO, Dindigul(TNI,
Dr G N Narayana Reddy, Director, NIMHANS, Bangalore.
Dr G V J Bailey, Director, National Tuberculosis Instt., Bellary
Rd, Bangalore.
Dr V Srilatha, Ra/ammal Ilium, K V Kuppam PO, N. Arcot Dt
(TN).
Dr V Ramakrishna, 6,

Viswantatha Rd, Madhav Nagar,

Bangalore.
Dr S D Sharma, Med. Supdt., Safdar/ung Hospital, New Delhi.
Dr S M Channabasavanna, Dean & Prof, of Psychiatry,
NIMHANS. Bangalore.
Dr R Srinivasa Murthy, Prof & Head, Deptt. of Psychiatry.
NIMHANS, Bangalore.

K and Srinivasa Murthy. R. (1988). Strategies in
Development of Health Education Material, NIMHANS

Sekar

Journal. July 1988

Development of Mental Health
Education Materials: Features of Mental Disorders,

Sekar

K

(1987)

Community Mental Health News. July-Sept. 1987.

COPIES CAN BE OBTAINED FROM :

Dr. R Srinivasa Murthy, Officer-in-charge, ICMR, Centre for Advanced
Research on Community Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry,
NIMHANS. Bangalore-560 029 (India).

ALSO AVAILABLE : Colour charts on Features of Mental Disorders.

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F the many health problems (illnesses) the causes and treat­
ment of mental illnesses are poorly understood by the general
public. As a result people seek non-medical help from healers, priests,
mantrawadis and often visit places of pilgrimage for help. People using
these methods often can harm the patient by delaying proper treat­
ment. Following major scientific development in the field of psycho­
tropic drugs and modern techniques of treatment, simple, effective and
inexpensive methods of treatment are now available for almost all the
mental disorders. As you know, in all illnesses early recognition and treat­
ment is most important.

O

The traditional beliefs and practices in our community have been
there for many years. They cannot be replaced in a short time. In addi­
tion, these are firmly held by the educated and the leaders of the com­
munity. Your repeated efforts to give the correct information would lead to
change.

You may already know of some patients with mental illnesses in the
villages where you are working. You are likely to see some of them in
future during your work. In addition, you must actively enquire about
similar patients who may not be known to you. This aid will help you in
identifying people with mental illnesses. Moreover, the pictures would
facilitate the viewers to visualise the features of mental disorders you are
communicating.
This visual aid can be used for the following purposes :

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to identify mentally ill persons in the community,
o
to educate the family members of the mentally ill,
to sensitize important people like village panchayat members, loc
leaders, teachers, educated youth, and members of other service
agencies - anganwadi, mahila mandals, youth clubs etc. - on vari­
ous mental disorders, and
to educate the general public and other village leaders during the
Orientation Training Camps.

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DISORDERS

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FOLLOWING IDENTIFICATION
OF A MENTALLY ILL PERSON
TAKE THE FOLLOWING
ACTIONS :
1.

Talk to the family members and encourage the patient and family
members to give a detailed account of the symptoms, their dura­
tion and severity. Get details about the patient's talk and behaviour
and how it has affected others in the family and the community.

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Find out how the illness started - whether suddenly or gradually,
was there any precipitating events like fever, fits, head injury, quar­
rel, loss or any other problems ? Find out the duration of the ill­
ness.

3.

Check specifically whether the following symptoms are present : a)
Sleep disturbance, b) Poor appetite / irregular food intake, c) Not
doing any work, d) Not attending / maintaining personal hygiene,
e) Distrubed relationship with family members and others, f)
Exhibiting behaviour which is harmful or troublesome to others like, being abusive, assaultive, suicidal or homicidal, and g) Any
bizarre or socially unacceptable behaviour like undressing in pub­
lic, collecting rubbish, wandering away from home, etc.

4.

Find out what the family members think about the illness and the
patient ?

5.

Enquire about what the family members have done ? What treat­
ment has been given and what is the result ?

6.

Complete the Health Worker's Case Record meant for mentally ill.

7.

Provide first aid in emergencies (Refer Manual of Mental Health for
Multipurpose workers).

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Refer the identified patients to the PHC/PHU doctor for treatment.

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9.

Educate the family and community in taking care of these patients
(Refer Manual of Mental Health for Multipurpose workers.)

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Follow up these registered patients regularly.

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE
EFFECTIVE USE OF THIS AID
Thoroughly go through all the colour sketches and the script for the
same.

★

If required, translate the English/Hindi script into your local lan­
guage and write it in the provided space with lines.

★

Hold this flip chart at your shoulder level on to your left.

★

Make sure that you read the printed matter at the back of the card.
The matter for each card is printed at the back of the previous card.

★

This aid is meant for use with a group of 6-10 people.

★

Make sure that all the people in the audience are able to see the
picture clearly.

★

You can begin by asking the audience what they see in the picture.

★

Out of the many responses, identify the most appropriate
response.

★

Build up a story or discussion based on that response.

★

Make use of the printed matter to guide your discussion.

★

Convey clearly the message given in bold letters in the printed
matter.

I

* For more details about the features given in the picture refer to the
appropriate chapters in the Manual of Mental Health Care for Mul­
tipurpose workers.

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WHO BEHAVES IN A
STRANGE MANNER
★

Raju is removing his clothes in front of others
at a marriage function.

People consider this behaviour as abnormal and
strange.
★

They do not understand why he is doing so.

★

Any person whose behaviour changes suddenly and
who acts in a strange manner could be suffering
from mental illness.

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BEHAVING IN A STRANGE MANNER

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WHO STAYS ALOOF
★

Shankar is sitting all by himself

★

He is very quiet and does not talk or mix with
people.

★

He is not interested in his personal hygiene.

★

Any person who was active and sociable becomes
moody and withdrawn could be suffering from
mental illness.

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BECOMING MOODY AND WITHDRAWN

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WHO CLAIMS TO SEE AND
HEAR
THINGS
WHICH
OTHERS DO NOT SEE AND
HEAR
★

Gowri is sitting alone and she is frightened.

★

She is seeing a man on the wall who is coming to beat
her.

★

She is closing her ears because she is hearing the
sound of drums.

★

Others in her family are unable to see or hear what she
experiences.
Seeing and hearing things which others do not see and
hear, is a feature of mental illness.

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SEEING AND HEARING THINGS WHICH OTHERS DO NOT SEE OR HEAR

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WHO IS ABNORMALLY
SUSPICIOUS OF OTHERS
★

Shiva is trying to overhear what the others are talk­
ing.

★

He suspects that they are plotting to kill him.

★

In fact they are discussing about something else.

★

Abnormal suspicion and claiming that others are try­
ing to harm is a feature of mental illness.

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ABNORMALLY SUSPICIOUS OF OTHERS

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UNUSUALLY CHEERFUL AND BOASTFUL

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WHO IS UNUSUALLY SAD
★

Lakshmi is sitting alone in a corner of the room.

★

These days she looks very sad and cries on and
off.

★

At times she is irritable without reason.

★

In fact, she has no problem which should make-----------------------------------------------------------------------------her so sad.

★

Feeling sad and crying without reasons can be a fea­
ture of mental illness.

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FEELING UNUSUALLY SAD

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WHO HAS SUICIDAL
TENDENCIES
★

Canga is sitting and thinking.

★

She is very sad and often cries.

★

Her sadness is so much that she is thinking of end­
ing her life.

★

People who talk about suicide or have made an
attempt need immediate help. They can be mentally
ill.

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FEELING UNUSUALLY SAD

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WHO HAS SUICIDAL
TENDENCIES
★

Ganga is sitting and thinking.

★

She is very sad and often cries.

★

Her sadness is so much that she is thinking of end­
ing her life.

★

People who talk about suicide or have made an
attempt need immediate help. They can be mentally
ill.

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HAVING SUICIDAL TENDENCIES

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WHO IS POSSESSED BY
BHUTAS OR SPIRITS
★

Savitri has been behaving abnormally in recent
times.

★

She is being treated by a Mantrawadi.

★

The family members believe that she is influenced
by evil spirits.

★

Behaviour attributed to black magic or evil spirits,
can be due to mental illness.

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BEHAVIOUR ATTRIBUTED TO BLACK MAGIC

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WHO SUFFERS FROM FITS
★

Chandrika has fallen down suddenly.

★

She is having jerky movements of limbs with froth
in the mouth.

★

Her eye-balls are rolled up and she is uncon­
scious.

★

This may occur at any time and any where.

★

She is suffering from fits (a brain disorder) which
needs regular treatment.

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WHO IS SLOW IN DEVELOP­
MENT
★

Ravi, 22 years old, is playing marbles.

★

He behaves like a child.

★

He is dull and slow in all the activities since birth.

★

Delayed mental development compared to age indicates

mental retardation.

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DO YOU KNOW ANYONE
WITH THESE PROBLEMS
★

Have you come across any person with any of these
features ?

★

if you have, please refer them to the nearest hospital.

★

EARLIER THE TREATMENT BETTER ARE THE RESULTS.

★

TREAT MENTALLY ILL WITH KINDNESS AND SYMPTHY.

MENTAL DISORDERS ARE TREATABLE.

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FEATURES OF MENTAL DISORDERS
1988
Published by

'CMR Centre for Advanced Research on Community Mental Health,
Department of Psychiatry,
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS),
Bangalore-560 029 (India)
Printed with the support from WHO country Funds MNH/0G1

Printed at Sudhin Offset Printers, Bangalore-29, Phone: 641199, 643475

1987-88.
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