SCHOOL SANITATION
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- SCHOOL SANITATION
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IND/87/WES/023
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SCHOOL
SANITATION
Published by:
United Nations Children’s Fund
Regional Office for South Central Asia
73, Lodi Estate, New Delhi-110003
First Published, 1985
Revised August, 1987
Reprinted August, 1988
Reprinted November, 1989
Reprinted August, 1990
Reprinted August, 1991
The Texts of this Publication are available in English,
Hindi, Telugu, Oriya, Marathi, Kannada, Bengali and Gujrati.
Cataloguing Information
UNICEF
School Sanitation, 1985.
Revised August, 1987. Reprinted August,1991. UNICEF, New Delhi.
12 pp. (Pubn. Nd. IND/87/WES/023)
INDEX TERMS:
1. INDIA, SANITATION, SCHOOLS 2. SANITATION,
EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS 3. AUTHOR 4. TITLE
INTRODUCTION
As part of the UNICEF strategies to promote Environmental
Sanitation within the context of the Water and Sanitation Decade
(1981-1990) and the Health for All by Year 2000 programmes,
UNICEF is collaborating with Education Authorities from various
States to provide sanitary facilities in primary schools. This booklet
has been written with the purpose of providing some basic materials
for a one-day orientation course for teachers from the project
schools. Given that the practice of personal hygiene is covered in
the school curriculum, this topic has not been treated but the
importance should be emphasized to the teachers.
The themes selected are focussed on the creation of a
sanitary environment in the school compound and the inculcation of
healthy habits. A section describing some ways in which the school
can reach out to the community and contribute to its health and
welfare is incorporated.
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2
A.
SANITARY LATRINE
1.
Why should you have a school latrine?
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It stops people from defecating and urinating in or near the school
compound. You have clean and healthier surroundings.
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It protects children from sickness. Healthy children are more active
in school.
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It encourages sanitary habits among the children and their families.
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It provides privacy, especially for girls, and is convenient during the
monsoon and winter.
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It can be used as a model to teach the community about sanitation.
2.
Role of teachers
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Teach children the benefits of using a sanitary latrine.
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Make sure that all staff members and children use the sanitary
latrine.
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Make sure that the latrine is looked after properly. A dirty latrine
always gets dirtier and, finally, no one wants to use it.
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Check the latrine every day and make sure that there is enough
water for using and flushing the toilets.
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Repairs must be carried out at once.
3.
Role of pupils
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Use the sanitary latrine. Do not pass stools or urinate in the open.
Keep your school compound clean.
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Flush the latrine with water after you use it.
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Help fill the water tank so that enough water is available at all times.
Help teachers to make sure that the latrine is used properly and is
well maintained.
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4
B.
WASTE WATER DISPOSAL
1.
Why is it important?
Stagnant water looks bad and makes it difficult for people to reach
the source of water (tap/handpump/well?).
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Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water and spread diseases like
malaria and filariasis.
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Waste water carries germs and bacteria from surface dirt. It can
seep through the soil and contaminate ground water.
2.
How can it be done?
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Make a concrete platform around the tap, handpump or well. Make
a concrete drain leading away from the source of water.
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Waste water from the school kitchen should also flow through/
down a concrete drain or earth (‘kuchcha’) drain.
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For permeable soil, e.g. coarse sand, weathered laterite, a soakage
pit can be dug at the end of the drain.
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Clay or sandy clay soils do not allow water to seep through easily.
For these soils, waste water can be led into a garden plot through an
“earth” drain.
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C.
GARBAGE DISPOSAL
1.
Why is it important?
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A dirty school looks very bad. It also creates a bad impression about
the students and teachers. So keep the school clean and tidy.
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Dirt attracts flies, rats, cockroaches and other insects. All of them
spread infectious diseases.
2.
How can it be done?
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Keep a dustbin in every classroom. The dustbin need not be
expensive. An empty cardboard or wooden box can be used.
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Keep a larger garbage can in the school yard. This can be made
of metal so that it lasts longer. The older children in your school can
empty this can into the garbage pit.
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Some garbage, like waste paper, can be burnt. The rest can be
thrown into a garbage pit. In your school yard,dig a pit about 1.5
meters long, 1 meter wide and 0.8 meter deep. You can make it
bigger or smaller depending on the number of students in your
school. At least once aweek, cover the garbage with a layer of soil
about 75 mm thick. This will prevent flies from breeding in the
garbage.
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D.
PROTECTION OF WATER SOURCE AND DRINKING
WATER
1.
Why is it important?
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Contaminated water transmits water-borne diseases such as
Diarrhoea
Dysentery
Hepatitis
Cholera
Typhoid
Worms
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If people drink contaminated water, they risk getting these
diseases.
2.
How can it be done?
a)
Water sources: open well/handpump/tap.
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Do not throw rubbish into open wells.
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Always use a clean bucket to draw water from open wells.
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The platform around the well/handpump or tap should always be
maintained clean and free from rubbish. Avoid accumulation of
filth for at least 15 meters radius from the source.
b)
Drinking water
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Always provide a cover for the drinking water pitcher.
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Do not dip cup into the pitcher.
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Always pour water from the pitcher into a cup or use a ladle.
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Advise pupils to wash hands before they cup their hands to drink
water from tap/handpump.
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M M N U i'W iIM
10
E.
REACHING OUT TO THE VILLAGERS
The school can play a very important role in helping to keep the
village clean and healthy. If you involve your school in the life and
activities of the village, it will bring you closer to the community and
will also make your students’ education more meaningful and fruitful.
Projects related to the health and welfare of the community can
be taken up by groups of elder students helped by teachers. These
projects can be carried out during week-ends and holidays or even
as part of the regular school programme. Some ideas for such
projects are given below. You could adapt these to suit the interest
and level of education of your students.
1.
Water supply survey
One or more groups of children can be asked to conduct a
survey in one part of the village or the whole village. They can
collect answers to questions like: What is the source of water?
(handpumps, tap, well, etc.); How far is the source from the villagers’
homes? Is the water easily available? Is the water clean? How many
water sources are protected? How is the water collected and stored?
How is the waste water drained? Is there a concrete platform
around the tap/ handpump/well?
2.
Waste water disposal
If there is no concrete platform and drain for the handpump,
you could take the initiative in arranging to get from the village
community some money, materials and labour to make them. You
should discuss the activity with the government department in
charge of water supply.
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3.
Family health survey
The teacher can prepare simple questionnaires which will be
filled in by the students on such topics as incidence of diarrhoea,
sanitation practices (e.g. washing of hands with soap before eating),
garbage disposal, etc. in the family.
4.
Clean village week
During vacations or festivals like Diwali, the school can start a
“Clean the Village” project. The village can be divided into small
areas. Each area can then be made the responsibility of a group of
students led by one teacher.
WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION SECTION
UNICEF, NEW DELHI
12
List of UNICEF publications on the promotion of sanitation
Type
Language
1. Promotion of sanitation in Primary School
Booklet
English
2. Promotion of Sanitation in Anganwadis
Booklet
English
3. School Sanitation
Booklet
English, Hindi, Telugu,
Oriya, Marathi, Kannada
and Bengali
4. Anganwadi Sanitation
Booklet
English, Hindi, Telugu.
Oriya, Bengali, Marathi,
Urdu and Gujarati
5. Use and Maintenance of
Waterseal Latrine
Booklet
English, Hindi, Telugu,
Tamil, Oriya, Marathi,
Bengali, Gujarati,
Kannada, Malayalam and
Urdu
Pamphlet
English
ii) Waterseal Latrine (Technical Details)
Booklet
English
ill) Smokeless Chulha
Booklet
English
iv) Sanitation and Diseases
Flashcards
English, Hindi, Telugu,
Tamil, Oriya, Marathi,
Bengali, Gujarati,
Kannada, Malayalam,
and Urdu.
No.
Title
6. Towards Better Health Series
i) Waterseal Latrine (for potential
beneficiary)
v) Waste Water and Cattle
Dung/Garbage disposal
vi) Disposal of Human Excreta Sanitary
Latrine
vii) Personal Hygiene
••
••
viii) Vector Control
••
••
ix) Home Sanitation
..
United Nations Children’s Fund
Water & Environmental Sanitation Programme
INDIA COUNTRY OFFICE
73 Lodi Estate, New Delhi-110 003
INDIA
INDQC091-WESS-O23-E.2.6-91/32O6-1338-R5
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