INDIAN PATENT LAWS VIS - A - VIS PARIS CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
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- Title
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INDIAN PATENT LAWS
VIS - A - VIS
PARIS CONVENTION FOR THE
PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY - extracted text
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PATENT
INDIAN
LAWS
VIS - A - VIS
PARIS CONVENTION FOR THE
PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
INTRODUCTORY
PAPERS
VOLUME - II
CONTENTS
I.
REPRESENTATION OF PESTICIDES FORMULATORS
ASSOCIATION OF INDIA TO HON'BLE PRIME
MINISTER
II.
DATA ABOUT:
a)
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
b)
PHARMACEUTICALS INDUSTRY
FORUM FOR PRESERVATION OF
INDIAN PATENT LAWS
302, Poonam Chambers, B-Block,3rd Floor,
Dr. A.B. Road, Worli, BOMBAY - 400 018
f>-y
foloxC/o. 011-74638 AIMC
Phone : 437 52 79
Pesticides Formulators Association Of India
SSI (REGDJ
REGO. OFFICE: NEAR BAK1 NAKA POST OFFICE, VIHAR LAKE ROAD. BAKI NA KA. BOMBAY-440 072.
Admn. Office I B-4, Anand Co-op. Homing Society, SltladevI Tample Rd., Mahlm (Wert), Bombay-400 018.
ef. No. :PARIS/CONVN/PTNT/ACT
Date ;August 26, 1988
To
Hon'ble Prime Minister,
Shri.Rajiv Gandhi,
10 Race Course Road,
NEW DELHI 110001.
Sub
PATENT FARCE
Times of India Newsitem, New Delhi 28th July World Accord on Patent
Protection urged, for amendment in existing Indian Patent Act 1970 for
signing Paris Convention in International Patent Act which will result
in Indian Chemical Industry to sign it's own dekth warrant with a smile.
Dear Sir,
We understand that Govt.of India has been approached by 95 member countries
of the general agreement on tariffs and Trade (GATT) and they are pressurising
Govt.of India to sign Paris Convention, which will result in amendment in Indian
Patent Act 1970 and if govt.agrees to the same, then it means Indian Pesticide
Industry is being asked to sign it's own death warrant with a smile. In simple
terms, the Paris Convention, which governs patent laws in 96 countries operates
as a structure designed to ensure and perpetuate the monopoly and stranglehold
of major patent holders, mostly from the advanced Western nations. In theory,
it 'Protects' the 'intellectual property' of inventors. But the era of the single
inventor went out with the Victorian age, and holding the stage now are rapacious
multinationals which have established themselves as supra-government at the
global level.
The Indian Patent AcL has ensured lower prices of medicines in India, -compared
to Western countries which are members of the Paris Convention. In a comparative
study of the retail price of 54 drugs, it was observed that world prices of
most of these drugs were 100-200 percent higher than the prices in India. Today,
the per kilogram cost of bulk drugs like Temoxifen and Tobramycin is US $ 3,000
when purchased from non-patented countries. If India were to purchase the same
from Patented Countries - which she would haveto on acceeding to the Paris
Convention - they would cost US $ 15,000 for just one kilogram.
The prices of crucial food, drug and medicinal products would shoot through
the roof of Indian purchasing power. A single medicinal product like Cephalexin
(500mg) could cost as much as 2,903 per cent more than what it does now.
An immeasurable array of Indian Industries would suffer grievous damage, if
not. total shutdown, through the agency of their own legal system. In short,
a return to colonial structures operating against Indians in their own country.
*
Td»X C/u. 011-74698 AIMC
Phone : 437 52 79
Pesticides Formulators Association Of India
SSI (REGDJ
WOO. OZFICR: HEAR BAK1 HARA PORT OFFICC, VlHAR LAKE ROAD. SARI HARA. BOMRAV-LAO 0T3.
Admn. Office i B-4, Anand Co-op. Housing Society. Sltladavl Temple Rd.. Mahlm (Woat), Bombay-400 018.
Date ; 26.8.88
.2-
Ref. No. :
Oddly enough, the protagonists of the Convention in India are trying to use
the argument that when communist nationals like the USSR can become members
of the Paris Convention, so can India. There is something ridiculous about the
champions of 'free enterprise' and market economy touting the communist nations
as medels. The analogy is nevertheless utterly bogus.
Socialist states have nothing to lose by being party to the Convention. Infrin
gement of patent rights by them can result in no retribution since their judicial
structures are based on the antithesis of proprietary rights. This is obviously
not the case in India. Besides, would those offering the membership of 11
socialist states as an excuse, be prepared to emulate the other features of
these nations-such as the abolition of private ownership of the means of
production ?
A corollary to this argument, recently advanced in the edit page of The Times
of India, is that when as many as 96 countries have signed, including nations
with an advanced industrial base, why not India? Firstly, the numbers logic
is in itself of dubious virtue. The large number of nations which have signed
the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) hasnot led to India doing the same-and
correctly so. Besides, which are the countries that make up these numbers?
We also like to put forward our following views, which you are requested to
consider before taking any decision in this matter. We are strongly against
signing of Paris Convention and any change in Indian Patent Act, 1970.
1)
Present Patent Act 1970:
In India under the present Patent Act no product patent is granted for
products relating to medicines, food and chemicals. It is also clarified
that chemicals includes alloys, optical glass, semi-conductors and inter
metallic compounds which are produced by chemical process. This Act has
in the past helped in area of medical -health and also in agriculture.
The Argument that, because no patent is available of Agricultural chemicals,
is coming in the way of bringing new products is absolutely incorrect.
As a matter of fact today India has developed enough expertise to develop
any new chemical without the help of foreign technicians. This has been
achieved only because the product patent and protection was not given to
new products in India. It has been proved that India can produce any new
agrochemicals (Pesticides) of boiler qualityand much cheaper than multina
tional companies who. claim their patents.
The poorest farmers in the world are in India andlo get a better output
of .the agriculture produce we need more pesticides which are cheaper and
within the reach of the poor farmers of India.
,
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cor.’Mu.viTv iJ-A.-r-,.
-3.. -.
- 56
°
MH
aaolox C/0. 011-74538 AIMC
Phone : 437 62 79
Pesticides Formulators Association Of India
SSI (REGDJ
MGO. office: near saki naka post office. vihar lake road. «AKI NAKA. BOMBAY-4W072.
Admn. Office t B-4, Anand Co-op. Housing Society, Sltledevl Temple Rd.. Mahlm (West), Bombay-400 018.
=<ef. No. :
: 3 :
Date ;
Whenever there is a monopoly of pesticides, it has been noticed that
multi-national companies exploited the situation. We have examples of many
pesticides like Fenvalerate, Cypermethrin, which when they were imported
were very expensive, but after Indian companies have started manufacturing
and supplying to the Indian farmers and exporting, these multinational
companies have reduced their price to nearly l/3rd orfth of their earlier
selling price in the world.
In some of the pesticides, we are told that India has done great service
to the developing countries (Mexico, Pakistan, etc) by offering at reason
able price.
It has been noticed that even in other countries where there is no patent,
these multinational companies are having a cartel and exploiting these
poor farmers in the developing countries. We can give a number of examples,
in countries like Pakistan, Mexico and Africa, they are selling these
pesticides at 4 times the export price to other countries. They have cartels
and monopolies.
If we give a patent protection to some of the big multinational companies,
there is avery big risk that the situation may be exploited by them. There
are number of exampleswhere a number of multinational companies have been
caught exploiting the monopoly and charging exhorbitent price to the
customers. Some of the leading companies in U.K., Switzerland and USA have
paid heavy penalties because they were caught over charging the consumer.
If Patent protection is given to them, these big companies are bound to
exploit the poor Indian farmers. In Western countries there are systems
by which they can check and punish the guilty, but in India we may find
it very difficult to punish the exploiting companies as our administration
is not strong enough to catch them. Our MR’l'P doesnot provide penalties
for cartel. They can only order them not to do it again.
2)
Fair Competition to make product available at the right price.
At the moment in absence of product patenl there is healthy competition
amongst Technical Grade pesticide manufacturers.manufactured by Indian
Chemical Industries with multinationals operating in India. The moment
any new compounds are manufactured in the world and are likely to be
introduced in India, Indian companies are capable to produce the said
technical grade pesticides within given time of 6 to 12 months. For e.g.
Synthetic Pyrethroid such as Fenvalerate Technical, Cypermethrin Technical,
Decamethrin Tech,Isoproturon (Herbicide), Phorate, Endosulfan. Due to fair
competition Fenval-erat e 20% EC when it was introduced to the farmers in Ind
it was sold in 1985 at approx. Rs6(X)/- per lit, when there was hardly 1 to
2 manufacturers of thcsaid commodity. During the process of lime, many
Indian companies started manufacturing said product and price was brought
down to 185/- to 200/-- rupees per lit.. II required, we can produce necessa
..4..
T«l«x C/o. 0U.7MJB A1MC
Ttltphon* :
Pesticides Formulators Association Of India
SSI (REGD.)
R*gd. Off. : Near Saki Naka Post Office, Vihar Lake Road. Sakl Naka,
BOMBAY-400 072.
Admn. Office : B-4, AnBnd Co-op. Hooting Society, Bltaltdtvl Tempi* Rotd, Mahlm (W.). BOMBAY-400 018.
Ref. No. :
: 4 :
Date :
documentary evidence and as you know, in last 3 to 4 years cost of all
inputs, govt, taxes, packing material and wages have gone up whereas the
cost of Fenvalerate has gone down which itself is self explanatory to our
strong case to have fair competition in the market by not patenting the
product and <5>ur present patent act doesnot require any amendment.
3)
Grant of Patent Product.
If any product patents are granted it will be harmful to the farming
community as there will be one source of supply for 20 years
(Patented period) and manufacturer will definitely have monopoly
and they will charge any price which they like. It will also result
in monopoly and restrictive trade practice which govt.of India
do not promote or agree.
4)
Role of National Chemical Laboratory, C.S.I.R. & Regional Research
laboratory :
.
As we have already advanced in Chemical Industry, today our tech
nocrats and scientists are in position to manufacture a particular
pesticide and make it available to the farmers. Even our National
Chemical Laboratory, Regional Research Laboratory, Hyderabad,
Jorhat, are developing a process to manufacture a new pesticide
and if the product patent is given then there will be a definite
end to the use of all the Indian talents and scientists who would
come to a grinding hault. To give an example, when Fenvaleratewas
manufactured by one Company, and imported the prices were about
Rs.600/- to 650/- per litre and today with fair amount of competi
tion and more than one manufacturer making Fenvalerate the price
has come down to Rs. 185/- to Re.200/- per lit. that means a saving
of 100% to the farmers.
As you know R.R.L. and N.R.D.C. are capable of developing any
technical knowhow for chemicals and technical grade insecticides
within given time of 5 to 12 moths for any new product. For your
ready reference our govt, laboratory R.R.L. has provided technical
knowhowto the folloing multinationals.
1) M/s Hindustan Ciba Giegy.
2) M/s. National Organic Chemicals Industries Ltld, formerly (Shell
International)
and many othes which includes also Indian companies like M/s.
Sudarshan Agrochemicals Ltd, M/s Hhnrnt Pulverising Mills, M/s.
Excel Industries Ltd. If any change in Patent Act or patent protec
tion of 20 years are given then this laboratory will not be able
to contribute any development to chemical industries in India.
Scientists employed in the above Jnboratories and entire
Ttlax Clo. 01174538 AIMC
iLOJl
(S|fSp
Telephone .*
Zf37s'^7^
Pesticides Formulators Association Of India
SSI (REGD.)
Regd. Off. : Near Saki Naka Post Office, Vihar Lake Road, Saki Naka,
BOMBAY-400 072.
Admn. Office : B-4. Anand Co-op. Housing Society. Sltaladavl Temple Roed, Mehlm (W.). BOMBAY-400 014.
Ref. No. :
: 5 :
Date :
infrastructure which has been created by great efforts, in a period
of time, will be totally a waste as multinational industries new
product in the country will be protected for 20 years which will
not promote this laboratory to develop any knowhow for Indian
manufacturers or entrepreneurs.
5)
Violation of Patent Act by multinationals in India as per the will
and wish.
Though these multinational companies are clamouring for changing
the Indian Patent Law, at the same time, they are taking the full
advantage of the Indian laws and are formulating and marketing
a patented product. To give an example, BASF, BAYER, SANDOZ are
marketing Synthetic Pyrethroids like Cypermethrin, because the
Indian Patent law allows while in their own country they are not
marketing. All the multinationals use patent act as per the
suitability of their production line as well as provide all over
the world. Wherever they see good market they patent product and
they exploit the market with profit margin more than 500% and above
on the newly introduced product. So it is not atall in the interest
of the country to have Patent Actand to join Paris convention.
There is no need to amend 1970 Indian Patent Act.
6)
Disadvantage of patented product Thimet 10-G case study of U.S.A.
Let us consider Thimet 10-G (Phorate Granules) which are very
effective granular insecticide for rice, cotton, vegetables and
today with Patent U.S.A, only 1 company is marketing Thimet granules
and are charging their own price whilst in India there are 3
manufacturers of technical and more than one dozen formulators
by which prices have come down and the farmer is getting Phorate
Granules at a very reasonable rate.
7)
Huge drain of Foreign Exchange :
If Patent Act is amended and Paris Convention is signed it will
give protection to the foreign S multinational manufacturers for
20 years and it will result in heavy drain of foreign exchange
by way of imports and royalties on patented product which would
inflate nation's import bill to unimaginable proportions. The
monopolistic rights it would confer on the multinationals of
developed nations which use technology as an instrument of both
incomcind exploi tat ion would liquidate the present multichannel
imports option that the country exploits, and force the purchase
of products from patented countries, very often at prices as much
as >00 percent higher than those currently obtaining.
-6..
43
TeUx C/o. Q H74538AIMC
Telephone :
'2"
t
Pesticides Formulators Association Of India
SSI (REGDJ
Regd. Off. . NearSaki Naka Post Office, Vihar Lake Road, Saki Naka,
BOM BAY-400 072.
Admn. Ottic* : B-4, An.nd Co-op. Houilns Socl.ty, Slt.l.d.vl Tempi. Ro.d, Mahlm (W.). BOMBAY-4130 01 a.
Ref‘ No- :
10)
: 8
:
Date :
UTILISATION 01-' SPARE CAPACITY IN INDIA WILL BE STOPPED IF PARTS CONVENTION
IS SIGNED.
As Govt.of India knows very wel1 that the chemical industry and Pesticide
industry is over licenced and are in excess throughout India due to which
govt.of India has stopped new manufacturing licence under D.G.T.D. or
in small scale sector since 1973 onwards. In many sectors industries
are having spare capacity. At the moment in S.S.I. sector capacity
utilisation is hardly 30% to 40% in respect of installed production capa
city. Many industries are striving to utilise their entire installed
capacity to produce more which helps them to make product available to
the Indian farmers at reasonable and right price. If, govt, of India
by mistake signs Paris Convention which results in amendment of Patent
Act which will simultaneously result in amendment of Patent Act which
will simultaneously result in huge generation of idle capacity because
once the product patent are granted there will not be any 2nd manufacturer
till patent expires which in this case will be 20 years., which means
if any multinational industries enter patented product in India no Indian
manufacturer can develop necessary technical knowhow to produce the same
for 20 years under the said patent protection. As we have huge
infrastructure with C.S.I.R., N.C.L. and various R & D activities are
carried out by chemical industries to develop the product knowhow the
same will be completely ruined and will have to be scrapped as under
Patent Act no one can manufacture till Patent expires. All these factors
will create huge non-utilised spare capacity and industry will definitely
start losting their production and will lead to great financial loss.
11)
Signing of Paris Convention and amendment in Patent Act will result in
monopoly and restrictive trade practice by the multinationals under Patent
Protection.
At the moment in absence of the product patent there is healthy compe
tition amongst technical grade manufacturers and also in chemical indus
tries and pharmaceutical industries with multinationals operating in
India the moment any new compounds are manufactured in the world and
are likely to be introduced in India Indian companies are capable to
produce the said Technical grade pesticides within given time of 6 to
12 months. For e.g. Synthetic Pyrethroid such as Fenvalerate Technical
Cypcrmethrin Technical, Decamethrin Tech, Isoproturon (Herbicide),
Phorate, Endosulfan as mentioned previously. So there is no need to sign
Par i s Convent i on.
12)
Foreign Exchange earnings and Export will be hampered due to change in
Patent Act or signing Paris Convention.
4
Tain C/o. 0&74BM AIMC
Telephone :
Pesticides Formulators Association Of India
Ragd. OH. : Near gak| Naka
SSI (REGD.)
OHIce, Vihar Lake Road. Saki Naka,
BOMBAY-400 072.
Admn. Office : B-4, Anand Co-op. Homing Soclaty, Sltiladavl T«mpl« Hold. Mihlm (W.). BOMBAY-400 016.
Ref. No. :
:
Date :
9 :
We also like to state that if the product is registered under protected
registration and if the product is registered under Patent Act by multi
nationals it will definitely monopolise the entire manufacturing and
marketing of the said product, and will not export the said items from
our country, the reason being that their principals abroad meet the export
requirement of the said product and they will not allow any of their
subsidiaries or branches to export the products from India. This type
of protected registration will therefore completely stop the export of
pesticides and not a single Indian company or small scale industry will
be able to export any pesticide for a period of 20 years under Patent
Act and Paris Convention, resulting in decline in export earnings and
foreign exchange. So we strongly protest against the said Paris Convention
and amendment of the Patent Act.
In absence of the Patent Act all indigenous manufacturers and exporters
are developing various technology to produce the product manufactured
by multinationals in India and today's industries export by indigenous
manufacturer is more than 1500 crores in chemicals, out of which 60 crores
in pesticides compared to the multinationals which are hardly exporting
3 to 4 crores in general currency area. The entire export of the country
will collapse if Patent Act is amended or Paris Convention is signed
by India.
13)
Restriction on Import of Indian Industries in case of Patented product
under Paris Convention.
At the moment Indian chemical industries, Pharmaceutical industries and
pesticide industries are allowed to import their raw materials as well
as various inputs in manufacturing activities. The moment Patent Act
is amended the above imjort will go from Indian citizen and industry.
Once the product is patented by multinational no other Indian company
will be able to import the said product or market the said product in
domestic market. The product imported or manufactured under Patent by
multinationals will be monopolised to exploit the market by charging
higher prices to the consumer because there will not be any local compe
titor from any sector. The consumer will have to pay the price decided
by the multinationals as they will be alone in the field and their will
not be any fair competition and the consumer will have to pay the price
much higher and govt, will not be able to help the citizens of India
to pay fair price for their industries.
Our Association is representing around 180 pesticide manufacturers all
over the country and we have put forward our views to alert the citizens
of India and Indian industries and various govt, departments and
Ministries those who are directly or indirectly involved in the
amendment of the Patent Act as well as signing of Paris Convention.
...10...
T.I.x Clo. 0-1174638 AIMC
Telephone !
Pesticides Formulators Association Of India
SSI (REGO.)
Regd. Off. : fjear sa^| Naka Post Office, Vihar Lake Road.
Sakl Naka,
BOMBAY-400 072.
Admn, Office : B-4, Anend Co-op. Routing Society. Sitaladevi Temple Road, Mahim (W.), BOMBAY-400 01 fl.
: 10 :
Ref. No. :
Date :
Before they take any decision our views must be taken into consideration
and we feel there is no need of amending present Indian Patent Act 1970
and our country should not join Paris Convention, keeping inview the
tremendous amount of taleut, intelligence and ability which Indian
citizens possess. We can generate our own technology and lead the country
to progress.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
for PESTICIDES FORMULATORS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA.
(PRADEEP P.DAVE).
PRESIDENT.
19/pmd
P.S.
We request your valued office to give us suitable time to hear us
personally. Our Managing Committee members seek your valued time for
15 to 30 minutes to express their views in person.
We also enclose herewith xerox copies of the articles published in Times
of India for Paris Convention and Patent Act.
Encl:
1) Xerox copy of World Accord on Patent Protection urged.
2) xerox copies of three more cuttings of Times of India.
I 5"63>
COMMUNITY HEALTH CELL
.47/1, (FtrTtfiSiKl St. JVi=rf<=5=R«ad
EANGAlO.TE - 580 0.1
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Tn t^o d(jc-7OP->/
Food Processing Industry
— DATA --
Table I
Current Production of Basic Food and Future Requirements
(Quantity in million tonnes)
Food material
Estimated
production 1985-86
Requirement
in 2000 AD
Additional
requirement
1.17.00
12 96
13.00
17 40
38 00
1.26
2.90
23.50
19.20
14.80
176 35
19.07
36.00
13.67
89 25
5.40
5.40
36.00
18.00
19.80
38.85
6.11
23 00
Cereals
Pulses
Oilseeds
Sugar and gur
Milk
Meal
Fish
Fruit
Roots and tubers
Other vegetables
51.25
4.14
2 50
12 50
5.00
Table II
Production Trend for Some of the Processed Foods*
Items
Unit
Biscuits
Confectionery
Bread
Baby food
Soft drinks
High protein foods
C000 tonnes)
C000 tonnes)
*000 tonnes
*000 tonnes
million bottles
tonnes
Production
in 1982
Installed
capacity
for 1982
Number of
units in
1982
projected
production
in 2000 AD
125.0
22.5
152 0
43.9
1650.0
6.0
1470
35.9
132.0
124.0
2070.0
13.6
33
22
21
15
45
9
301.6
60.0
357.0
460.0
4660.0
20.0
• The data presented here are mostly from the organised sector.
Table III
Growth of Some Selected Packaged Food Products
(Rs in million)
Product group
Biscuits*
Packaged ghee
Non-aeratcd soft drinks
Concentrated powders
Babv foods
Tcxiuriscd food products
Vermicelli
Bread spreads
Chocolates/eclairs
1985
1986
1987
1155.0
423.0
107.-5
68.5
1920.0
38.0
52.0
120.0
335.0
1679.0
465.0
124.4
109.0
1983.0
69.5
124.5
197.0
478.0
2340.0
698.0
227.0
2000
1537.5
90.0
225 5
266.0
685.0
Tablc lv
ExpcAT
of Selected Processed Foods
(Rs million)
Year
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
I9S1-K2
1982-83
198.1-84 (P)
1984-85 (P)
Vegetables
and fruits (a)
.Meat and
meat
preparations
570.7
478.2
631 4
635.4
795.8
1060.0
1535.0
1551.6
1617.8
208.6
251.7
348.4
414.3
555.0
795.5
804.8
683 2
759.8
(a Other than cashew kernels
P - Provisional
Table V
Bakery Industry: Current Trends
Product
Biscuits
Bread
Cakes
Installed capacity
(tonnes)
1987
1986
47.601
48.600
186.1
Production
(tonnes)
1987
1986
45.959
51.019
1128
47,601
48.600
186.1
this industry. The panel suggested com
plete decontrol and deregulation of this
sector and also sweeping changes in the
existing taxation, import and market
ing policies. Declaring the processed
foods as goods of interstate impor
tance, the panel felt that these foods
should have free and unrestricted
Capacity
utilisation (per cent)
1987
1986
46.192
48.404
1008
96.5
1050
60.5
97.0
99.5
54.1
production.
The central Ministry for Food Pro
cessing Industry has sought as many as
71 concessions to give fillip to food
processing. These incentives seek to
make food processing industry’s pro
ducts competitive in the international
market. These include restructuring of
Table XT
Comparative Nutritive Values
Product
(per 100 gms)
Energy
(k. calories)
Carbohydrates
(gms)
Fats
(gms)
Protein*
(gms)
Biscuits (sweet)
Bread (white)
Kheer
534
245
176
173
349
116
71.9
51.9
9.6
—
—
.12.4
0.7
12.2
13.3
8.5
03
6.6
0.7
6.9
13.3
68.1
1.2
Egg
Shrimp
Banana (ripe)
27.2
Source: National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research.
25
(?Ve Pti2.ni A Ct kticPilS
-
i kduXt*2-/
TEE (J^
ANNEXURE-I
PRODUCTION OF BULK DRUGS IN INDIA
Name of the Drug
Unit
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1. ANTIBIOTICS:
Penicillin
MMU
221.68
260.11
240.00
Streptomycin
T
235.06
188.32
200.00
Chloramphenicol
T
78.53
79.75
75.00
Chloramphenicol palm.
T
10.69
8.58
10.00
Tetracycline
T
227.04
227.39
210.00
Oxytetracycline
T
135.60
142.14
70.00
Ampicillin
T
104.69
121.18
- 150.00
Erythromycin
T
19.11
51.48
40.00
Amoxycillin
T
1.58
3.97
10.00
Doxycycline
T
4.32
9.98
8.00
Gentamycin
Kg.
541.25
166.47
Sulphamethoxazole
T
539.08
562.78
500.00
Sulphadimidine
T
313.60
487.58
375.00
Sulphacetamide sodium
T
47.46
33.92
35.00
Sulphadiazine
T
30.81
18.85
45.00
Phthalyl Sulphathiazole T
9.94
Sulphamoxozole
T
114.32
103.66
100.00
Sulphasomidine
T
55.77
75.48
Sulphaphenazole
T
40.60
54.62
40.00
Sulphaguanidine
T
256.72
208.06
150.00
Sulphanilamide
T
30.89
7.03
2.50
Vitamin A
MMU
60.58
61.03
65.00
Vitamin
T
49.22
58.41
45.00
T
18.49
24.04
10.00
2 . SULPHA DRUGS
40.00
3. VITAMINS
Bl
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B12
Kg
132.88
176.70
195.00
Vitamin C
T
716.23
651.26
800.00
Vitamin D6
Kg
236.20
348.67
400.00
Vitamin E
T
58.48
67.05
60.00
Vitamin K
T
0.89
0.41
Vitamin
P
T
2.14
4.74
3.00
Folic acid
T
7.25
7.65
7.50
Nicotinic acid
T
7.51
11.85
10.00
T
137.59
141.31
200.00
Analgin
T
335.87
208.32
150.00
Aspirin
T
1061.33
1514.3
2100.00
Phenyl butazone
T
62.93
53.61
40.00
10.00
Nicotinamide
4. ANALGESIC & ANTIPYRETICS
5.
Oxyphenbutazone
T
46.40
26.63
Pethidine
Kg
385.00
314.00
375.00
Ibuprufen
T
51.01
99.63
80.00
Dexamethasone
Kg
214.06
248.99
250.00
Betamethasone
Kg
732.84
751.37
800.00
CORTICOSTEROIDS *
Kg
1682.00
1721.00
2000.00
PAS & its salts
T
119.07
106.98
90.00
Isoniazid
T
127.70
144.34
160.00
Thaicetazone
T
20.39
19.22
35.00
Ethambutol
T
214.06
300.72
350.00
Pyrazinamide
T
2.62
3.21
3.00
Chloroquin
T
149.55
184.99
210.00
Amodiaquin
T
26.41
34.50
45.00
T
295.16
318.88
350.00
Prednisolone
6. ANTI T.B. DRUGS
7. ANTIMALARIAL8
8. ANTI-DYSENTERY DRUGS
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
T
13.67
22.38
45.
0
0
Diloxanide Furoate
T
28.27
22.94
15.
0
0
lodchlorhydroxquinoline T
151.10
141.0
190.
0
0
T
3.22
4.98
4.50 T
T
35.82
69.98
40.00
Chlorpropamide
T
20.97
19.85
30.
0
0
Tolbutamide
T
28.76
15.33
25.
0
0
Glybenclamide
T
0.97
0.86
2.
0
0
Insulin
MU
2541.00
2730.00
Caffiene
T
5.88
17.82
Nikethamide
T
0.41
1.58
0.10
T
6.73
7.06
6.00
Ephedrine
T
6.19
14.07
11.
0
0
Salbutamol
T
0.51
0.85
1.
5
0
Terbutaline
T
0.37
0.40
0.30
Diiodohydroxyquinoline
Intestopan
9. ANTI-DIABETICS
2500.00
10.CNS STIMULANTS
18.
0
0
11.DIURETICS
FTusemide
12.ANTI-ASTHMATICS
13.CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS
Propranolol
T
5.37
7.89
4.
5
0
Xanthinol Nicotinate
T
15.08
20.74
16.
0
0
Methyl dopa
T
19.04
31.79
35.
0
0
Digoxin
Kg
17.13
28.93
35.00
Lignocaine/xylocaine
T
9.31
8.90
7.
0
0
Procaine
T
32.40
24.83
50.
0
0
Pheniramine Maleate
T
18.61
19.50
20.
0
0
Diphenylhydramine
T
11.56
13.13
12.00
T
5.20
22.10
14.ANAESTHETICS
IS.ANTI-HISTAMINES
6.ANTI-HELMINTICS
Piperazine & salts
Mebendazole
T
9.16
23.71
19.00
17.TRANQUILISERS t SEDATIVES
Phenobarbitone
T
5.09
12.23
15.00
Diazepam
T
5.73
5.11
9.00
T
21.94
11.84
16.00
DDS
T
7.25
7.93
35.
Clofazimine
T
1.47
2.50
0.50
18.ANTI-FILARIALS
DEC Citrate
19.ANTI-LEPROTIC
0
0
20.IMMUNOLOGICAL AGENTS
Triple vaccine
KL
10.84
11.74
7.
5
0
Tetanus antitoxin
MU
8291.02
7372.98
9000.
p
0
Diphteria antitoxin
MU
962.58
630.20
400.
0
0
T
46.53
59.54
90.00
21.OTHER ANTIBACTERIALS
Trimethoprim
ANNEXURE-II
PROJECTED GROWTH OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
No.
A.
Name of the Drug
Unit
1990
1995
2000
338.0
338.0
338.0
1532.0
3323.0
5863.0
SYSTEMIC ANTIBACTERIALS
1 PENICILLIN (as drug)
MMU
(as intermediate)
1870.0
3661.0
6201.0
2 TETRACYCLINE
MT
221.5
190.2
155.1
3 OXYTETRACYCLINE
MT
115.2
98.9
80.7
4 DOXYCYCLINE
MT
4.4
3.8
3.1
5 ERYTHROMYCIN
MT
70.9
99.4
126.9
6 CHLORAMPHENICOL
MT
234.5
271.8
271.8
7 AMPICILLIN
MT
394.8
635.8
934.2
8 AMOXYCILLIN
MT
74.6
120.1
176.5
9 CEPHALEXIN
MT
211.9
646.7
1300.7
10 CLOXACILLIN
MT
31.9
42.7
51.9
11 CARBENICILLIN
KG
600.0
600.0
542.4
12 GENTAMICIN
MT
4.8
11.0
19.4
13 SULPHADIAZINE
MT
75.0
67.8
55.3
14 SULPHADIMIDINE
MT
400.0
361.6
294.8
15 SULPHAMOXOLE
MT
59.7
65.9
65.9
16 SULPHAMETHOXYPYRIDAZINE
MT
13.3
11.4
9.3
17 SULPHASOMIDINE
MT
53.2
45.7
37.3
18 SULPHAPHENAZ OLE
MT
50.0
45.2
36.9
19 TRIMETHOPRIM
MT
221.5
310.7
396.5
20 NITROFURANTOIN
MT
0.9
0.8
0.6
21 NALIDIXIC ACID
MT
23.8
31.8
38.8
22 CEPHALORIDINE
MT
4.2
12.8
25.8
23 SULPHAMETHOXAZOLE
MT
1107.3
1553.0
1982.1
24 INH
MT
374.1
602.5
927.0
25 PAS
MT
53.1
41.1
24.3
(Total)
B
Estimated Demand By
ANTI-TUBERCULARS
C
D
E
26 THIACETAZONE
MT
56.3
56.3
56.3
27 ETHAMBUTOL
MT
405.2
517.1
571.0
28 PYRAZINAMIDE
MT
46.3
81.6
131.4
29 STREPTOMYCIN
MT
340.4
414.1
457.3
30 RIFAMPICIN
MT
189.0
397.0
699.6
31 HALOGENATED OXYQUINOLINESMT
227.9
158.5
93.6
32 METRONIDAZOLE
MT
542.8
797.6
1067.3
33 TINIDAZOLE
MT
59.2
87.0
116.4
34 DILOXANIDE FUROATE
MT
98.7
145.0
194.1
35 FURAZOLIDONE
MT
92.2
117.7
143.2
36 LOPERAMIDE
KG
500.0
669.1
814.1
37 SULPHAGUANIDINE
MT
250.0
214.7
166.1
38 PHTHALYL SULPHATHIAZOLE
MT
25.0
21.5
16.6
39 INSULIN
MU
4243.7
40 GLIBENCLAMIDE
MT
3.0
6.9
13.8
41 CHLORPROPAMIDE
MT
98.7
159.0
233.6
42 TOLBUTAMIDE
MT
39.7
55.7
74.5
43 PHENFORMIN
MT
1.0
1.6
2.4
44 METFORMIN
MT
23.1
40.7
65.6
45 GLIPIZIDE
KG
600.0
1372.7
2760.9
46 BEPHENIUM HYDROXY NAPHTHOMT
8.9
8.0
7.3
MT
126.5
139.7
154.2
48 TETRAMISOLE/LEVAMISOLE
MT
18.0
24.1
30.7
49 MEBENDAZOLE
MT
62.5
100.7
154.9
50 THIABENDAZOLE
MT
0.7
0.9
1.1
51 ALBENDAZOLE
MT
2.2
3.7
6.0
52 PYRENTAL PALMOATE
MT
32.9
60.6
102.3
ANTI-AMOEBIC8/DIARROHALS
ANTI-DIABETICS
7478.8 13180.3
ANTHELMINTICS
47 PIPERAZINE
T
G
H
I
J
ANALGESIC8/ANTI-PYRETICS
3994.4
6433.0
53 ASPIRIN
MT
2480.2
54 PARACETAMOL
MT
8208.5 17240.7 34677.1
55 ANALGIN
MT
2214.5
3407.3
5006.4
56 DEXTROPROXYPHENE
MT
17.7
26.0
36.5
57 PETHIDINE
MT
1.0
1.3
1.6
ANTI-ARTHRITIC DRUGS
58 PHENYLBUTAZONE
MT
156.0
189.8
220.0
59 OXYPHENBUTAZONE
MT
120.6
146.7
170.1
60 IBUPRUFEN
MT
328.5
751.5
1511.6
61 INDOMETHACIN
MT
5.3
7.8
10.4
62 NAPROXEN
MT
36.2
90.1
206.1
63 PIROXICAM
MT
0.8
3.0
9.1
64 FRUSEMIDE
MT
19.7
33.2
53.5
65 HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
MT
9.9
16.7
26.9
66 METHYLDOPA
MT
39.7
53.1
64.6
67 PROPRANOLOL
MT
13.9
25.6
45.1
68 CLONIDINE
KG
8.0
10.7
14.3
69 ATENOLOL
MT
2.7
5.7
10.4
70 CAPTOPRIL
MT
2.4
4.6
8.1
71 DIGOXIN
KG
40.0
67.4
108.6
72 ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE
MT
8.9
14.3
21.1
73 PENTAERYTHRITOL T.NITRATEMT
6.2
9.1
12.2
74 VERAPAMIL
MT
13.5
27.2
47.9
75 NIFEDIPINE
MT
1.5
3.4
6.9
MT
6. 4
ANTI-DIURETICS
ANTI-HYPERTENSION DRUGS
CARDIO—VASCULAR DRUGS
76 DIPYRIDAMOLE
8. 6
10.4
K
L
77 XANTHINOL NICOTINATE
MT
23.8
31.8
38.8
78 PRENYLAMINE LACTATE
MT
1.6
2.1
2.6
79 CHLORPROMAZINE
MT
9.5
12.7
15.5
80 IMIPRAMINE
MT
4.5
10.3
21.6
81 AMITRIPTYLINE
MT
4.9
10.3
19.8
82 TRIFLUOPERAZINE
MT
4.0
6.7
10.9
83 DIAZEPAM
MT
14.8
24.9
40.2
84 CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE
MT
3.5
5.1
6.9
85 MEPROBAMATE
MT
5.3
7.8
10.4
86 LORAZEPAM
MT
0.1
0.3
0.6
87 DOXEPIN
MT
1.9
4.7
9.9
88 NITRAZEPAM
MT
0.6
1.4
2.9
89 TRIMIPRAMINE
MT
2.1
4.8
10.1
90 AMINOPHYLLINE/THEOPHYLLINMT
ANTI-PSYCHOTIC DRUGS
ANTI-ASTHMATIC
293.5
431.2
577.1
91 EPHEDRINE
MT
67.1
77.8
90.2
92 TERBUTALINE
MT
0.8
1.3
2.0
93 SALBUTAMOL
MT
2.5
4.0
6.2
MT
28.6
40.1
51.2
95 CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE MT
25.2
37.0
51.9
96 DIPHENHYDRAMINE
MT
21.3
27.2
33.1
97 PROMETHAZINE
MT
4.3
5.5
6.7
98 PHENYLEPHEDRINE
MT
5.0
7.3
10.3
99 DEXAMETHASONE
MT
0.9
1.3
1.8
100 BETAMETHASONE
MT
1.4
2.1
2.8
101 PREDNISOLONE
MT
5.6
7.1
8.7
102 TRIAMCINOLONE
MT
0.2
0.2
0.2
M
ANTI-HISTAMINE
94 PHENIRAMINE MALEATE
N
CORTICO-STEROIDS
17
KG
9.0
13.2
17.7
104 DAPSONE
MT
88.6
88.6
68.6
105 CLOFAZIMINE
MT
3.5
5.6
9.1
106 DCC
MT
79.7
122.6
188.7
LOCAL ANTI-BACTERIALS
Q
107 FRAMYCETIN
MT
7.3
14.1
24.8
108 NITROFURAZONE
MT
2.0
3.2
4.7
103 BECLOMETHASONE
O
P
ANTI-LEPROSY DRUGS
ANTI-FILARIAL DRUGS
109 NEOMYCIN
MT
15.9
24.5
35.9
110 BACITRACIN
MT
104.1
191.8
338.0
111 SULPHACETAMIDE
MT
60.3
69.9
77.2
112 AMODIAQUIN
MT
18.4
14.2
11.0
113 CHLOROQUINE- PHOSPHATE
MT
250.0
226.0
204.3
114 PRIMAQUINE
MT
0.3
0.2
0.2
115 PYREMETHAMINE
MT
2.8
3.4
3.8
116 PROCAINE
MT
89.6
98.9
109.2
117 LIGNOCAINE
MT
17.9
20.8
24.1
118 ETHER
MT
281.5
295.9
295.9
119 THIOPENTONE
MT
1.8
2.0
2.2
120 VITAMIN Bl
MT
145.3
158.1
215.6
121 VITAMIN B2
MT
70.9
74.5
99.7
122 VITAMIN B6
MT
92.1
99.7
135.3
123 VITAMIN C
MT
1487.5
1571.1
2122.4
124 VITAMIN A
MMU
117.4
124.0
170.7
R
S
T
ANTI-MALARIAL DRUGS
ANAESTHETICS
VITAMINS
125 VITAMIN K
MT
115.7
195.0
286.5
126 FOLIC ACID
MT
13.3
14.0
18.7
127 NICOTINAMIDE
MT
310.0
325.8
436.0
128 VITAMIN B12
KG
270.0
270.0
270.0
129 NORETHISTERONE
MT
0.5
0.9
1.9
130 NORGESTROL
MT
0.2
0.3
0.6
MT
21.3
27.2
33.1
132 DIPHENYL HYDANTOIN SODIUMMT
15.9
22.3
28.5
MT
19.7
31.7
46.6
U
V
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
ANTI-EPLEPTIC DRUGS
131 PHENOBARBITONE
133 CARBAMAZEPINE
- Media
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