Priorities for Child labour in XI Plan
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Priorities for Child labour in
XI Plan - extracted text
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International requirements on child labour
Priorities for C hild labour in
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I SCKC ratified b) India mandate* free and cumpulsury elementary
cducatlun un the ba*h of equal opportunity (Artlvle 2M) lor all
children and fixation of a minimum ace for employment (in
accordance \xith relevant international provision-;)
«
11 () ( mix ciilmn on forced labour (ratified) mandate* legal
udhereme 11.0 Conventions 182 on worst forms of child labour and
138 on minimum age for employment (not ratified) mandate moral
adherence (But LN Committee on Child Rishis has_____ .
f
recommended ratification of Convention 138) —
XI Plan
I V'r- '
l or DW&CD Karnataka & UNICLI
By Kuihyayini Chamuruj
at Bangalore, 5,h October 2006
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VNESCO Convention Against Discrimination in Education?I‘>60
- education should be of equitable quality, i.e., all children should
attend full-time formal schools or their equivalent.
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National & International Commitments (cont d.)
Background to child labour issue
■ Article 41 of Indian Constitution - “provide assistance
to the weak, in cases of “undeserved want”, for
securing their right to education
■ 1976: The Gurupadaswamy Committee Report
■ Article 46 of Indian Constitution - “promote with
special care the educational and economic interests of
the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of
the SC/ST.
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Article 18(2) and 19 of the UNCRC - when parents
are unable or unwilling to provide the rights of
children, assist them in fulfilling their child-rearing
responsibilities.
made distinctions between ‘child work’ which
is enabling and ‘child labour’ which is
exploitative
■ 1986: The Child Labour (Regulation &
Abolition) Act was based on this premise. It
abolished child labour in certain ‘hazardous’
occupations and processes and regulated it in
occupations considered ‘non-hazardous’
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Current situation of child labour
■ Despite decades of efforts, India has the largest numbers
of child labour in the world - 12.59 million 2001 Census
■ 50% do not complete eight years of compulsory
schooling
■ In Karnataka, out of a total of about 10 million children:
-No. of children enrolled in last 8 years in Std 1: 10.-875
million
-No. of children who dropped-out: 2.323 million
-No. of children who fail to complete 8 years of
compulsory schooling: more than 4 million (40%)
■ Latest 2001 Census figures for Karnataka: 8.613 lakh
child labourers in the State
ROAD MAP
■ Legislation to conform to national and international
commitments
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■ A rights-based approach
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■ Targetting the weak
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■ Priority for prevention and root causes of dropping-out
■ Linkage to broader context: Assuaging negative
impacts of New Economic Policy, 'Triangular
Paradigm ', Stress on poverty alleviation/incentives to
parents/child
■ Phased and time-bound plans
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■ Strengthening the formal school system: universal
access, retention, achievement, equity
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ROAD MAP
• Mc.»*uiv5 fur providing hoMrl fjciht) al plate of origin to
i hildrcn of inigratoiy parents
Greater social mobilisation
Community-based surveys for MIS
Invohcmciil of civil society groups employers’ associations
Institutional medianisms al grassnxits level
Decentralised educational governance
Community ownership «!t children's participation
hnforccmait & taking charge of children
Recommendation I
Policy C hanges
Ratify ILO Minimum Age Convention 138.
Correspondingly repeal Child Labour (Prohibition
& Regulation) Aet of 1986. Ma>s o-m IU sp'u /
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c
As per 11.0 Convention 182 on Worst Forms of
Child Labour, make 18 years the minimum age
for employment in hazardous sectors. Inter alia
ban and release all child bonded labour and
extinguish all loans taken by pledging of children.
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Recommendation - 2
Legislative Changes
Recommendation - 2 (cont'd.)
Hnacl a single Act on Free and Compulsory Hducalion
ajid Child labour to: cj,
■ Make 14 years the minimum age for free and
compulsory education in phases by 2011
■ Make 14 years the age for general employment in all
sectors, including in agriculture, animal husbandry
and informal-sector. Only non-hazardous family
labour of a few hours, outside school hours, could be
permitted.
■ Progressive extension of both age limits to 16 (2013)
and later to 18 years (2015)
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Legislate to make education truly “free" by
ensuring that there are no financial barriers to
parents in educating their children, by providing:
all kinds of fees
Free uniforms
Free text-books and stationery
Free midday meals &
Free transportation
to all children from Std. 1 to 8 at least (phase-wise
up to Std. 10) in all government schools as part and
parcel of the fundamental right to education.
Mm
Recommendation - 3
Institutional structures
Recommendation - 2 (cont’d.)
Legislate to make ‘compulsory education’ to mean
3.
■ that a child has a duty and a right to receive education
■ of equitable quality
■ that the state has the duty to provide a school of
prescribed quality within prescribed distances; and
■ that parents have an obligation to send their child to
such a school where existent
■ provided that the state will also have an obligation to
suitably and adequately assist all parents, who are
unable to fulfil their duty to educate their child for any
reason.
a
Set up an exclusive Attendance Authority (Lxx >
(government official) in every GP/Nagarapalika/wartT
committee area to be accountable for ensuring 100% Li
UEE and absence of child labour in the area. Impose
u? cl
penalties on this authority for any drop-outs/child labour
in jurisdictional area. The Attendance Authority to
work
in
conjunction
with
Grama
Panchayat/Nagarapalika/Ward Standing Committees on
Education (or Task Forces involving all concerned
departments. School Development & Monitoring
Committees, HMs and school staff and communities.)
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Recommendation 3
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Recommendation
Institutional structures (Cont’d.)
3 (cont’d.)
3 c ( ’\V( ‘s h> tkvnk- on
■ Providing inccnlivcs [udcqunic scholarships of al
Icasl Rb 100 per month or fixed deposits against
child's name (Rs IO.(M)O). or any other form of
assistance from other depts.) to needy parents against
identified criteria of eligibility on condition that the
child attends bridge and/or formal school; or
■ .Admitting such children to bridge sch<x)l and/or free
government hostels (seals in free hostels Io be
reserved for these children on priority), or
■ faking charge of these children in any other manner sending them to shelter home, fit institution, foster
home, etc
3.b. Attendance Authorities to categorise all school
drop-outs (children absent without permission
for specified no. of days) and child labourers as
“children in need of care and protection" under
Juvenile Justice Act and bring them and their
parents/guardians before Child Welfare
Committees (CWCs) (to be set up at taluk-level
under the JJ Act) for suitable action. Civilian
Juvenile Police Units (CJPU) under JJ Act to
assist Attendance Authorities in this regard.
Ui
To be iR4j©(jnin}Ti6rtdatioin(kn4<k tRifianciesgc on
nation's resources for:
------------ ■ providing free education as already described
■ monthly scholarships (Rs. 100 at least) or lump-sum amounts at the
end of 8-year compulsory education (Rs. 10,000) to eligible
children or as assistance to parents
■ providing schools with minimum specified infrastructure;
■ social mobilisation activities; capacity building and training;
1 ■ participatory school-mapping and action research exercises;
■ building child-tracking and monitoring systems (MIS)
■ enforcement activities
■ opening of more free government hostels /shelter homes, etc. for
children denied their right to education by parents;
■ monitoring and evaluation; documentation and research.
Thank You
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SDA-RF-CH-1B.8.pdf
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